Eau Claire County, Wisconsin - Chapter 17: The Medical Fraternity, 1914 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter 17: The Medical Fraternity

As far back as history takes us we fiud that as soon as meu began to dAvell together in the primitive tribe there was one of this number who was known as the "Medicine Man." In Biblical times people lived to be much older than now, and were evidently not as much subject to sickness and disease, so our medicine man could serve many, but sooner or later sickness has overtaken all and then they seek the aid of one who knows something of the healing art. In those primitive times the healers sought to cure people by charms and by driving away the evil spirits through noises, and thus they beat on drums and sang songs. This primitive idea has not altogether disappeared to the present day, as witnessed by Dowieism and other cults, who maintain that disease is the work of the devil, who must first be driven out before the person can get well.

Following the idea of charming awa.y disease came the diatetic idea, in which health was to be maintained only through the eating of certain foods and avoiding others. This was exemplified by the Jewish race.

Next we come to the physiologic period, when the functions of the various organs were paramount, and the symptoms they produced were the sole thing to be regarded in treating disease. To a certain extent this is used to the present day, but we have added to it the etiologic period of medicine, in which we endeavor to discover the cause of the disordered function of any organ. This has been made possible only through the vast laboratory researches that have been carried out during the past fifty years, by the discovery of bacteria and by animal experiments to determine the part the bacteria play in man's anatomy. Also in the discovery of the cell or unit of which our body is composed and observing the changes that occur in these cells as the result of disease. Thus it is that medicine has changed from an act to a science. It has not reached the pinnacle of an exact science, but it is approaching that goal. When we consider how we have conquered many of the dread diseases, as diphtheria, typhoid fever, malaria, etc., and robbed them of their terror through the knowledge of their cause and the application of the one and the only 30i

The Panama canal stands not only as a monument to the skill and energy of American engineers, but even more to the glory of American physicians. DeLesseps' failure was not due to a lack of skill or courage on his part, but to yellow fever and malaria. The medical profession has paved the way for this great undertaking by discovering and proving that certain mosquitos are responsible for the spread of both these dread disease, but not until two loyal and unselfish physicians, Carroll and Lazear, had given their lives to prove this. Today we know that if we destroy the mosquito we can stamp out yellow fever and malaria. As a result of the energies of the American physicians the Canal Zone, with its heterogeneous population, has been made more healthy than New York City.

When Eau Claire county was first organized and began to be settled the etiologic phase of medicine was unknown. All the diseases we now know were known then and were perfectly described except for their cause, and armed with this knowledge the pioneer doctors came into this wilderness and worked hard and faithfully in the endeavor to relieve the suffering of their fellow men. There being but few doctors in this section the mother of the family applied "home remedies" as long as she could before sending for a doctor, who often came too late. There was, therefore, great rejoicing when the first doctor came into the county and cast his lot with those early pioneers. The people were scattered and drives were long and hard, especially in the Manter. In those days there were not the fine roads we have now. but one had to pick his way around stumps, over logs and through creeks. Many times the doctor had to go afoot or on horseback because the roads would not permit the use of a buggy. Without the telephone a man had to drive for the doctor, and if he lived twenty or thirty miles away the doctor could not get there until the next day. Many trips were so long that it required two days to make the trip and return. The people were very poor and were unable to pay more than a very meager compensation or nothing at all for the services rendered. However, those early men cared not for that, they went and did all they could to relieve the suffering. They often had to act as nurse as well as physician. They sat by the sick bed for long weary hours to see whether the spark of life was going to be snuffed out or would take on added vigor and begin to burn anew. They were the recipients of family secrets and their advice was sought in times of trouble. They healed and soothed the troubled mind, soul and body with their cheerful words, kindly advice, or some simple decoction. Is it any wonder that they gained a place in the hearts of the people that could not be supplanted, and as long as they were able to drag one foot were sought, and no one else would do but the old family doctor?

As preachers and lawyers were equally scarce, the doctor was called upon to perform the services of both, and was held to be thoroughly competent. In those days there were no specialists, so the family doctor administered to all ailments. Today certain men specialize on different parts of the body, and become more expert in dealing with that part. They are thus enabled to give the people better service, but in order to do this they have sacrificed much in the love and esteem in which they were held in the hearts of the people. Who would think of going to an eye specialist or an abdominal surgeon with his family troubles and expect sympathy and advice? The days of the old-time family physician are past. To be sure we still have the general practitioner who looks after the general sickness in the family, and is ready to call the aid of some one especially skilled when needed. Indeed this must be so when we considered what is being done all around us. Some wealthy men, as John D. Rockefeller and McCormick, have given large sums of money to establish research laboratories, to equip them, and to pay men to devote their whole lives to the study of one disease, as infantile paralysis, etc.

Some men are devoting their lives and energies to performing and perfecting surgical operations, so that today there is not a single organ of the body that is not the subject of operation. And then there is the pathologist and physiologist, who works in the laboratory experimenting with animals to ascertain the cause of disease and its treatment before applying the same to man (yet there are those who would say do not experiment with animals in order to learn how to save a human life, but rather let men die). When we consider these and the many more departments of medicine, with all the accumulating knowledge, it is no wonder that one poor man cannot master them all.

About the only thing that keeps alive the old spark of gratitude and love for the general practitioner is his obstetrics. He who stands beside a woman during her suffering and comforts her and encourages her in her great and holy, yet trying mission, of bringing a new soul into the world endears himself to her in a way that is not easily forgotten or cast aside. What a pleasure

The doctor's life must be an unselfish one, for how often is he aroused from a sound sleep or disturbed while at a meeting, a social gathering, to go and relieve the suffering. If he is fortunate enough to make a discovery or invent some new instrument he does not hurry to the patent office to protect himself and enrich his purse, but gladly gives his knowledge to his brothers for the good of mankind. This has been handed down to him from the days of Hippocrates that he is in honor bound to impart all good knowledge to his worthy brother practitioners. Neither does he go to the newspaper office that his fame may be heralded abroad, but rather spreads the glad tidings only among those who will be able to use them. And many is the doctor, whose' epitaph has overtaken him, long before his good works are known. Grant, Sherman and Napoleon are household names, because they have commanded armies and lead many men to death, while Pasteur, Koch, Virchon, Seun, Billings, and hosts of others are hardly known, and yet for every life the generals have sacrificed these men have saved hundreds. Few people know what a debt they owe to Lord Lister, when he discovered that by the use of antiseptic, surgical operations could be performed without being followed by the dread hospital gangrene or suppuration. This, together wuth the i;se of anesthesia, has enabled the surgeon to go fearlessly at his task, and thus Darwin's law of the "survival of the fittest" no longer applies.

As there were no large cities in this county, hospitals were slow to make their appearance, and the doctors were compelled to perform many operations in private houses, which they did with the skill and success of their more fortunate brethren at the hospital in the cities.

A doctor not only devotes his time and energies to the study of cause and treatment of disease, but places before himself the higher ideal of preventive medicine. Thus, he goes about telling Ijeople how to live to avoid sickness. However, they are very slow to change their habits that they may enjoy better health. If you tell them to eat plainer food and masticate it more thoroughly, so as to avoid dyspepsia, they think they are wasting too much time. If you tell him to live in the sunshine and exercise more they are afraid they will neglect their business. When you tell them to breathe plenty fresh air and sleep with windows open at night, they are greatly alarmed lest some dread monster will come in with the "night air," little thinking that after sundown all air is ' ' night air. ' ' People are no more ready to harken to our modern physicians than they were to the great physician when lie said, "Oh, Jerusalem, Jerusalem, how oft would I have gathered you under my wings as a hen gathers her chickens, and ye would not."

(The above excellent article is liere supplemented with a short sketch of the hospitals and the lives of the physicians of the county, living and dead, as far as we have been able to obtain them.)

Sacred Heart Hospital

The Sacred Heart Hospital, of Eau Claire, was first started in 1889, by the Sisters of Saint Frances. Tlie first building contained seventeen rooms and was xmder the charge of three sisters. Since this time the buildings have been three times enlarged, the last building being erected in 1912, is used as a convent for the sisters, while the entire upper floor is used as the operating room. The Sacred Heart Hospital is the oldest in the city, and the large three-story brick buildingb are located on a large plat of ground high on the hill, which affords an abundance of fresh air for its patients. The hospital has now accommodation for one hundred and thirty patients, whose wants are looked after by thirty-four sisters. This institution is open for all classes regardless of their religious belief, and all doctors of good repute are admitted to practice. Tlie mother hospital is located at the city of Springfield, 111.

Luther Hospital

Efforts to establish a Protestant hospital in Eau Claire were made as early as 1895. But no practical results from this or subsequent attempts were obtained until 1905, when it was decided by some ministers attending a United Church convention at Menomonie, Wis., to call a mass meeting to consider said matter.

At this mass meeting, which was held at Eau Claire, February 9, 1905, it was imanimously resolved to establish a Protestant hospital in Eau Claire to be called Luther Hospital. Thereupon two committees were elected, one for incorporation and one for soliciting funds.

On the first of May, 1905, the hospital association was incorporated by John Gaustad, M. 0. Waldal, Peder Taugjerd, Alfred Cypreansen and Peder B. Treltsad.

secured, was bought July 31, 1905, and an adjoining propertysecured later on. During the fall of 1906 the basement wall of the proposed hospital was built and the building proper erected during the summer and fall of 1907. On account of unavoidable delay cornerstone laying and dedication was deferred until Sunday, August, 30, 1908, the main speeches being delivered by Congressman Lenroot and President J. N. Kindahl, of St. Olaf College. But five months earlier on March 30, 1908, Luther Hospital threw open its doors to receive the unfortunate sick of the community and accomplish the glorious work for which it was established.

The articles of incorjioratiou and by-laws of Luther Hospital provide for an association, the membership of which is open to all upon the payment of a membership fee of il^lO.OO and a due of $1.00 annually. The present membership is over 100. It has been as high as 272.

The general management of the hospital is vested in a board of directors of five members (origiualh^ nine), of which a majority must belong to some Lutheran church. This board may appoint additional officers, make by-laws, rules and regulations and have general control and supervision of the affairs of the corporation, subject to the association.

The first board of directors were: George M. Rand, Syver Rekstad, S. 0. Mauseth, P. B. Trelstad, Peder Tangjerd, H. C. Hanson, M. 0. Waldal, L. I. Roe and T. Slagsvol. M. 0. Waldal was elected president, L. I. Roe vice-president, Peder Tangjerd secretary and H. C. Hanson treasurer. Besides these the following have served as directors: Carl Luudquist, M. 0. Soley, A. Anderson, Alfred Cypreansen, H. M. Knudtson, Guuder Thompson and Chr. Midelfart.

The special management of the hospital is vested in a " directing sister" (deaconess), who shall admit and receive pay from patients, purchase provisions, direct the training school, secure the necessary help and have general supervision of patients, sisters, nurses and other workers of the institution, subject to the board and corporation. As it proved impossible from the beginning to secure any deaconess the board was fortunate enough to secure the services of an exceedingly able graduate nurse from the Augustana Hospital, Chicago, 111., Miss Ida C. L. Isaacson. As superintendent of nurses she had opened two hospitals before, and Luther Hospital had the benefit of her experience, as she practically directed the furnishing of the hospital (the purchase of operating and sterilizing outfits, furniture, bedding, medical and surgical supplies, pi-ovisions, etc.), started the training school and worked to secure such patronage from the doctors and general public as was necessary that the hospital might be able to perform the work for which it was established.

After her resignation Miss Margaret Thomas, of this city, served as superintendent of nurses about eight months until at last Luther Hospital, in accordance with its original plan of organization, secured the services of a deaconess from the Norwegian Lutheran Deaconess' Home and Hospital, Chicago, our able present directing sister, Amalia Olson, under whose wise direction Luther Hospital and its training school have become such a marked success. On July 17, 1912, the hospital was fortunate enough to secure the services of an'other deaconess from the Chicago mother house. Sister Agnes Daae, who has proved herself a very efficient and valuable assistant.

After thorough investigation the beautiful home and grounds of the late Rev. G. Hoyme, president of the United Norwegian Lutheran Church of American, was unanimously decided upon as hospital site. It is located near the center of the city in a residence section, away from the busy business streets and the noise and smoke of the factories and railroads. A fine view may be had from the hospital to a small lake two blocks away; and the street cars running by afford easy access from all directions. Luther Hospital, when completed according to plans, will consist of three parallel buildings, planned so as to admit air, light and sunshine in every sick room and connected with a corridor, reaching from street to street, crossing all the three buildings, a distance of about 200 feet. The central building (the one now in use) is 81x43 feet, and the two wing buildings will be about 115x45 feet each, all of them three stories beside basement and attic. The west wing to be built as soon as possible will be called Sigvald Qvale Memorial. At the present time the hospital consists of three buildings: the above mentioned main or central building, the laundry and the nurses' home, the late Rev. Hoyme 's residence. This is a large commodious wooden building with ample accommodations for the nurses.

The building is fireproof, only floors, doors, casings and window frames being of Avood. Elevator and stair opening are inclosed to prevent draft, and the roof is covered with slate, so the building practically cannot burn, an extremely important thing in a hospital.

pure fresh air in rooms and corridors. The laundry was permanently located in a separate concrete building (24x36) in the rear. It is fitted up with steam, hot and cold water and electric current, ready for the machinery. "With the exception of the dry house none of the permanent machinery has yet been installed, however. The home is fitted up for the nurses, the whole second floor being used for dormitory. The first floor contains a large commodious nurses' parlor, three smaller sleeping rooms and a patients' ward of seven beds. As the present hospital building will form the main or central part of the completed building it had to be arranged so that all the important special hospital accessories were placed there. The office, waiting room, elevator as well as the operating, culinary and heating departments must therefore necessarily be located in said building in order to conveniently serve the two wings or buildings to be erected on both sides later on. When all buildings are completed this central part will most likely be used exclusively for administration and nurses' home. The basement contains the X-ray department, kitchen, storage and pantry rooms, service kitchen, dining room, beside a couple of rooms now used by the help. Ambulance entrance to elevator is also to be found here. First floor has office, waiting room, service kitchen, toilet rooms, dressing room, men's ward, drug room and five private rooms. Second floor is arranged like the first, only instead of office and waiting rooms there are two more private rooms. Third floor has the same amount and arrangement of private rooms as the second. But here we find the all important operating department, which is entirely separated from the rest of the floor. First an ante-room with lockers. To the left instrument room. Straight ahead the sterilizing room with the two operating rooms, one on each side. The equipment is first class. Sterilizing outfit, operating tables, instruments, etc., are of the most up to date. Furniture, bedding, etc., are of a better quality than found in most hospitals. The best is none too good for the unfortunate sick and sufl'ering.

Ever since Luther Hospital opened its doors its aim has been to be strictly modern in every way. We are very glad to announce that since our last report was issued we have been able to make another much needed improvement by the establishment of an X-ray department and that we are now in position to meet the great demands for X-ray work. The apparatus used is of the very latest modern type and the equipment is complete in every detail. No expense has been spared to bring everything as near perfection as possible and our department represents the last word in X-ray work. It is possible with this apparatus to make a picture of any part of the body in a few seconds, eliminating the danger at one time present when it was necessary to make an exposure of several minutes or hours. The best of machinery and instruments, however, are of little or no value without a competent person in charge. We consider ourselves very fortunate in having secured so able and experienced a man for this department as Dr. Baird. Both the institution and the city of Eau Claire are to be congratulated that our X-ray department is in charge of a man of such experieuce and ability. The high grade of work done is attested by the constantly increasing patronage of the department.

Since March 23, 1908, when three pupils were admitted to the Luther Hospital Training School for Nurses, there has been made a rapid progress. "We have been fortunate to secure enough applicants and every year brings us more than we can take care of. From March, 1908, to January, 1909, Miss Isaacson had charge of the training school and Miss Margaret Thomas from February, 1909, till October, 1909. Since November, 1909, the training school has been in charge of Sister Amalia, who for almost three years had the able assistance of Miss Howlaud, who on account of ill health was forced to resign from her duties. Fortunately Sister Agnes arrived in time to begin with the fall work of 1912.

Montgomery Hospital

The old hospital or sanatorium was founded in 1898. Then the Inebriate law, which compelled the taking into the institution all inebriates and persons afflicted Avith the drug habit, was in force. They treated nearly four thousand of such cases. But owing to some doubt which sprang up among some of the attorneys of the state the law was brought to a test and declared unconstitutional. In 1908 Dr. Montgomery constructed the new hospital, which is situated on the site of the old sanatorium, at the corner of Oxford avenue and Central street, one block north from the court house. This hospital is divided into wards : maternity, special and general, with a contagious ward entirely cut off from the other apartments. The present inventory of the institution is fifty-four thousand dollars ($54,000), and during the past year the Drs. Montgomery have installed a new and powerful apparatus with accessories for every kind of thermo therapy. The Montgomery Hospital presents no distinction as to race, difference of religious beliefs or circumstances in life. It is under the direct control of the Drs. Montgomery, but its facilities are at the command of any reputable physician or surgeon, to whom are given assurance of faithful and efficient service.

They offer better inducement in the hospital ticket line than any other hospital in existence. They have three classes of tickets in the field. The leader is a ten dollar ticket, which insures the holder against all sickness or accidental injury regardless of what the cause may be. The $7.50 ticket has not the same exceptions that other hospitals have, and is much more liberal than the so-called accident and benefit policies. The family ticket is the largest opportunity in the field. Just think of insuring the health of any member of your family for one year for fifteen or twentyfive dollars ! The tickets cover all expenses in case of operations of any kind. There is no age limit. All that is required is that the purchaser be in good physical and mental condition when he buys the ticket. The training school presents a three years' course of practical and theoretical training in modern medical and surgical science. The nurses entering the institution to prepare for their life's work get a practical knowledge of cases of all kinds. They get also the benefit of the lectures given by outside physicians and citizens, and the efficiency of the work of the graduates is proven by the fact that they are continually in demand.

Tuberculosis Sanatorium

The Eau Claire County Tuberculosis Sanatorium was officially opened on Monday, December 15, 1913, when the twenty patients who had made application were admitted for treatment.

"When approaching the new institution one is struck by the beauty of the site. It is situated ou the south slope of Mt. Washington, protected from north and westerly winds by the bluff. The front windows overlook the Chippewa Valley. The site consists of nine acres of well drained land, where the patients may pitch their tents or build their shacks, or work in the garden, that will be kept in connection, if they are able. The view from every window is grand. A long search for a better site than the present would probably be in vain. The building is cement plaster and sloat finished, contracted for by the E. M. Fish Company for $16,000, exclusive of equipment. The site was purchased by the Eau Claire Anti-Tuberculosis Society, which also guaranteed equipment. This was raised by popular subscription. It is due to the efforts of the committee that the society has been so successful in raising enough money for equipping the institution.

The two wings of the building are occupied by twenty-four patients' single rooms and four large porches at the ends of the wings. These porches are open and have only heavy canvas curtains, which were put iu place by William Schroeder.

The four patients' single rooms were furnished at an estimated cost of $33 each, but in reality cost a little more. They have their windows in the front of the building with the hall in the rear. The large part to the rear is occupied by the kitchen, serving rooms, office and cook's and maid's apartments. It may be interesting to know that the large living room and diningroom was furnished by a donation from the Elks and Knights of Columbus, and that much of the mission furniture was manufactured at our own Phoenix Furniture Company. The lodges furnished the electric fixtures also. These were furnished by the county in the other rooms.

The floors throughout the building are of hardwood and all the walls are of the same spotless white. There are magazines and books on the rack beside the large cheerful fireplace. The woodwork is selected Georgia pine with two panel doors. The mantelpiece is a solid three-inch piece of the same wood. The next place to be inspected was the kitchen, where Mrs. Julia A. Brown holds full sway. It is here that all the food will be cooked. The cupboard is used for the dishes of the nurses and the help and such supplies as are needed for the day. A splendid Majestic range is to be seen here, which was purchased from the Foss- Armstrong Company. The Norden Lodge donated the money for this and also for the fine kitchen utensils, which were purchased from Schlieve Bros. The fine cooling room was built by the "Wisconsin Refrigerator Company, and paid for by a donation from the Masonic Lodge. The dishes used in the institution are the unbreakable rolled edge Syracuse china purchased through Mr. Richard Kaiser, the money being given by the Norwegian Lutheran church and a $50 check from an "Unknown Friend."

Nothing that leaves the kitchen going to the patients will return. The food is taken to the serving room, where it is dished up by the maid. When the dishes are returned they are washed and sterilized. The same care that is used here is in force all over the building, so there is no danger of infection. A dumb waiter is used for sending the food to patients on the upper floor and bringing supplies up from the basement. The office of the superintendent, ]\Iiss Ramstead, is simply furnished, as she will spend much of her time looking after the patients. There will be two other day nurses and one night nurse on the staff. Dr. R. E. Mitchell will serve in the capacity of visiting physician. Miss Ramstead 's parents live in this city, but she has for several years been connected with the city hospital at Minneapolis.

The entrance will be in the angle of the building on the east side. This opens into the reception room, adjoining the superintendent's office. The drive leads around the building.

The single rooms on the first floor are very cheerfully furnished, with the regulation hospital beds and a solid maple chair. A flue for ventilation opens into each room. It was planned to have a locker for the patients' clothes under these flues, but it was found to be too great an expense, so closets have been provided. There are drinking fountains in the halls and bath rooms within easy reach.

The halls open onto the porches at either end and the beds will pass through the doors easilj% so when the patients cannot be moved their beds can be rolled out. There are two windows in each room, so there will not be a lack of light. There are two wheel chairs for those who are able to sit up, and more will be provided later if it is seen that they are necessary.

Two double nurses' rooms occupy the front of the second floor. They are furnished with a fumed oak dresser and chairs. Across the hall is the room that will be occupied by the night nurse. The patients' rooms are the same as those on the flrst floor and there is a ward containing four beds. The sanitary rugs which were given by the Woman's Club deserve particular mention, as they were seen in every patient's room and in the living room. The women of the club sewed the rags for them during the last summer and had them woven by Mr. and Mrs. Richard Koshoshck, McDonough street. C. H. Metcalf will have charge of the basement. There is a grocery room, a vegetable room, the janitor's room, rooms for coal and wood, a laundry and a trunk room.

The object of the sanatorium is to provide treatment for the more advanced cases of pulmonary tuberculosis from Eau Claire county. Should there at any time be vacancies, suitable patients from other counties may be admitted. In every instance the patient must make an application for admittance, and no one will be received without having received a previous notice from the superintendent. So far as is practical, the treatment will consist essentially of out of door living, an abundance of wholesome, nutritious food together with supervision of exercise and rest. Such medical treatment as seems best indicated will be prescribed for the individual case. As a part of their prescribed exercise l^atients may be required, as their condition permits, to do a certain amount of useful labor. This applies equally to those paying for their maintenance, as well as to those who do not pay.

Application for admission to the sanatorium must be made in writing upon blanks provided for that purpose, which will be fui-- nished by the superintendent upon request. As soon as this formal routine is completed in a satisfactory way the applicant may be admitted.

It is expected that every patient will pay the cost of his or her maintenance, if able to do so. This amount, at present, is $10.00 per week but may be raised or lowered at any time if found necessary or advisable.

For those unable to pay any part of their maintenance, provision is made whereby they may be admitted at the expense of the county in which they reside upon recommendation of the judge of the probate court. For those desiring to take advantage of this provision of the law, necessary blanks will be furnished upon request. To meet the requirements of those who are unable to pay the full cost of their maintenance, but who are able or desirous of paying a portion of the amount, provision is made for a rate of $5.00 per week, if the probate judge, after investigation, shall have found that tlie patient is really unable to pay more than that amount.

The following is the list of those who furnished the rooms - and they are given in the order in which they were received. Later the rooms will be numbered to correspond with this list.

1. The Rev. A. B. C. Dunne. 2. Tom Fleming. 3. Mrs. Kate Porter. 4. Alex Dean. 5. 0. H. Ingram. 6. Mr. and Mrs. George Lufkin. 7. German Reading Club. 8. Chippewa Valley Ladies' Aid (Jewish). 9. Louis Levy. 10. Labor Organizations (A. T. Le Due). 11. The Kepler Co. 12. Ninth Ward Social Center. 13. Knights of Maccabees. 14. Mrs. C. H. Ingram. 15. Tenth Ward Civic Center League. 16. ShawtoM^n Ladies. 17. St. John's German Lutheran Church (Rev. A. F. Augustine). 18. Our Saviour's Norwegian Lutheran Church. 19. E. B. Ingram. 20. Mt. Hope Church (Town of Brunswick). 21. Christ Episco-

In closing, special mention may be made of the fine appearance of the building when it was lighted up. It was remarked by several as they approached it in the evening, "that it had the appearance of a fine summer hotel in the mountains."

The organization of the American Medical Association in 1846-47, as a national representative body composed of delegates from the several states, gave a fresh and strong impetus to the woi-k of uniting the members of the profession in social organizations for mutual improvement and scientific advancement, in every part of the country. Wisconsin as well as nearly every state in the Union has her medical society, and a few years ago the medical society of the Chippewa Valley was organized, to which a good many doctors from Eau Claire county held membership, and in 1902, the Eau Claire County Medical Society was formed with the greater part of the practicing physicians as members. The first president of the society was Dr. J. V. R. Lyman, who in turn has been succeeded by doctors J. F. Farr, Chr Midelfart, D. W. Ashum, A. L. Payne and F. S. Cook. The purpose of the organization is to bring the doctors closer together, and create a good fellowship feeling atoong them, and for the discussion of important medical subjects. Special papers are discoursed at the meetings by members of the society on the important issues of the day, calculated to impart to the members the latest discoveries in medical science for the up-to-date treatment of disease.

Edwin J. Farr, M. D., came to Kenosha in 1855, and the following year removed to Prairie du Sac, Sauk county, and in 1857 to Mauston, Juneau county, and in 1869 to Eau Claire. He was born at Corinth, Orange county, Vermont, August 24, 1832. He was educated at Castleton Medical College and graduated in 1851, and practiced at White River Junction, Vermont, until he came to Wisconsin. He was assistant surgeon of the Second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry for five months, and with Thirtieth Wisconsin Regiment for nearly three years. He was post surgeon at Ft. Sully from July, 1863, to October, 1864, and had charge of the prison hospital at Louisville from January to August, 1865.

Dr. Farr was mayor of the city of Eau Claire and railroad surgeon for the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha and the Wisconsin & Minnesota Railway Companies. He was a member of the A. F. & A. M. (Grand High Priest and Grand Master), I. 0. 0. F. and A. 0. U. W. He was married at White River Junction in January, 1855, to Emily L. Sawyer. They had two children, tAvins: Ewin B. and Emily B., born August 14, 1867. Dr. Farr died July 10, 1914.

Dr. W. T. Galloway was born in Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence county, New York, April 15, 1822, and graduated from Castleton Medical College at Castleton, Vermont. He began practice in 1850. He went to Fond du Lac in 1851, remaining there until he came to Eau Claire in 1857. He was appointed register of the United States land office, and held that position until 1861. He served six years as alderman of Eau Claire, was supervisor three years when Eau Claire was a village, and six years after it became a city. He was engaged for four years in the manufacture of lumber on Duncan creek, near Chippewa Falls, and for twelve years in foundry and machine shops in Chippewa Falls and Eau Claire, besides managing a farm. In 1874 he built the Galloway house and numerous dwellings. He erected the foundry and machine shops at Chippewa Falls, which was later converted into gas works. He stood as an ancient Odd Fellow and had taken aU the degrees in Masonry.

Charles E. Hogeboom, M. D., came to Eau Claire and engaged in the piactice of medicine in May, 1876. He graduated from Rush Medical College, class of 1869, and began his practice at Blackberry Station, Kane county, Illinois. He went from there to St. Charles, and remained there until he came to Eau Claire. He was born in DeKalb county, Illinois, April 28, 1846, and was educated in the public schools of that county, and the high school at Sycamore and by private instruction.

Henry G. Morgan, M. D., came to Wisconsin in 1869 and located at Alma, where he practiced two years. He came to Eau Claire in 1871 and began his practice. He was born in Brecksville, Ohio, and got his medical education at the Chicago Medical College, graduating in the spring of 1868.

Dr. James H. Noble M'as born in Madison, March 30, 1851. He was educated at the University of Wisconsin and studied medicine Avith Dr. Boweu, of Madison. He graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College, of Chicago, in February, 1871, and came to Eau Claire, March 30, of that year.

Dr. Edward H. Parker, who came to Eau Claire July 12, 1879, Avas born at Hartford, Washington county, in November, 1854, and moved to Fond du Lac when thirteen years old. Graduated from Fond du Lac high school in 1876, read medicine with Drs. Patchen and Bishop, of that place, graduated at Hahnemann College, Chicago, came to Eau Claire in 1879, and engaged in practice with Dr. DM'ight W. Day, remaining with him until 1881. He died in 1913.

George F. Hamilton, M. D., was born in Chemung county, New York, April 28, 1839. Came to Wisconsin in the fall of 1852, resided at Pond du Lac one year, moved to Oakfield, Dodge county, in 1853, remaining there until 1856, and then for a time lived in Hillsboro, Vernon county. In 1862 went to Sheldon, Monroe county, remaining there until 1866, then returned to Vernon county, residing at Bloomingdale one year and two years in Springville, then for one year resided at Sparta. In 1870 he went to Augusta. He received his medical education at the Bennett Eclectic Medical College, Chicago, and commenced practice in 1866. After coming to Augusta he ran a drug store in connection with his practice. He was the first village president of Augusta who was elected on the no-license ticket. He enlisted in Company I, Thirty-seventh Wisconsin Volunteers, was discharged March 18, 1865, on account of wounds received before Petersburg, Va.

Dr. W. W. Allen came to Eau Claire in tlie spring of 1857, and with George W. Sanford opened the first shanty store in the village located on the banks of the Chippewa. Dr. Allen left Eau Claire with Captain Wheeler's company in the fall of 1863, and on the reorganization of the Second Wisconsin Regiment was appointed assistant surgeon. He continued with the regiment until mustered out at the close of the war and then settled at Mason City, Iowa, where he died and was buried on June 20, 1878.

Dr. Dwight W. Day came to Eau Claire from Elkader, Clinton county, Iowa, in October, 1868, and engaged in the practice of his profession. He was born in the town of Eagle, Wyoming county, New York, May 14, 1841, and graduated from the Buffalo Medical College February 22, 1861. He was resident physician in the Buffalo General Hospital and Lying In Hospital, and was surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth New York Volunteer Infantry. He went out as first assistant .surgeon, was promoted to surgeon of the regiment and to acting brigade surgeon. He served three years in the medical department, and then returned to Arcade, New York, where he practiced until 1866, when he moved to Iowa. His father was a prominent doctor in Eagle, New York. Dr. Day was a brother of the late Henry Day and a cousin of Dr. R, R. Chase. He died in 1901 while reading a paper before the Medical Society in Eau Claire, which sudden demise was characteristic of the Day family. Dr. Day was a good doctor and had many warm friends.

Dr. Henry Day was born in Eagle, Wyoming county. New York, September 1, 1840. He was educated in the Buffalo Medical College, graduating in 1860. He commenced practice at Arcade, remaining there until he came to Wisconsin. He was in the state in practice with his brother in 1876, and came to Eau Claire in 1881. Dr. Day was assistant surgeon of the Seventyeighth New York Volunteer Infantry, and acting surgeon of that regiment for six months during the war. While his practice here never assumed the proportions that his brother's did, he had a good general practice and was well liked. He was twice married. His first wife still lives in her old New York home, while his second wife is matron of the Sparta Home for Dependent Children.

Dr. Clinton Straw Chase was born May 25, 1831, and came from Springtield, Vermont, to Eau Claire. He fitted for college at Springfield, Vermont, graduated from Dartmouth College in 1852, studied medicine at Castleton and in New York City, and received his degree of M. D. in 1855. Practiced two years at Springfield and was in the drug business there and at Detroit, Michigan. He came to Eau Claire in 1859 and went into the drug business with Dr. Skinner, theirs being the first drug store in the Chippewa Valley. He died at Detroit about 1899. October 29, 1869, he married Harriet Eliza Sherwin, of Weathersfield, Vermont, and had three children: Anna, Alfred and Alice.

practiced here during the reign of Dr. Chase and Dr. Skinner, and these three physicians were styled in a sort of floating joke as "Chase 'em, Ketch 'em and Skin 'em."

Dr. W. W. Day was born in the state of New York, came to Eau Claire county in 1858 and settled on a farm between Eau Claire and Chippewa Falls, where he farmed and practiced medicine. He later came to Eau Claire and practiced his profession until he moved to Walla Walla, Washington, in about 1879, where he died.

William Young, farmer and physician, came to Wisconsin in 1839. Located in Waukesha county, farming some two years; then in Jefferson county for fifteen years, farming and practicing medicine. Came to Eau Claire county in 1856, engaged in farming and practicing medicine for many years. Was supervisor of Otter Creek township for several years. He was born in Scotland in 1816 and came to America in 1828.

Peter McKittrick, M. D., was born near Lauart, Ontario, -January 7, 1866, coming to this country when a young man of tender years to carve out a future for himself. By application and thrift the subject of this sketch procured an education and took up the profession of teaching. Later he attended the Rush Medical College, from which he graduated in February, 1889. Immediately after he began the practice of his profession at Thorp, Wis., and with the exception of one year he practiced there continuously till February, 1908. During the one year intervening the doctor practiced at Portland, Oregon.

Seeking a larger field. Dr. McKittrick came to Eau Claire from Thorp and had since continuously resided and practiced here. He was alone in the practice here until February 1, 1910, when he formed a partnership with Dr. E. L. Mason.

The doctor had been ailing for several months, and after this prolonged illness he died December 17, 1913. All recognized in Dr. McKittrick a man of strong character and kindly disposition - the kind that makes the world better and brighter for their having lived. It can be truthfully said that Dr. McKittrick 's existence was void of enmity. His traits of character were such as to endear him and draw him closer in the bonds of friendship to those who formed acquaintance and association with him. Thus it is but natural, even in anticipation of the inevitable, that the summons would bring tears, grief and sorrow to family, friends and acquaintances.

alleviating the sufferings of humanity none stood more prominent than Dr. Selbaeh. A native of Germany, he was born August 2, 1864, and came to America in 1883. His primary education was received in the common schools of Germany, which was supplemented by a thorough course at the University of Ann Arbor, from which he graduated with honor. His medical education was received at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago, from which institution he was graduated in 1887. Upon the arrival of Dr. Selbaeh in this country he came to Wisconsin, locating at Green Bay and there made his home until 1888, when he moved to Eau Claire and commenced the practice of medicine in this city. A man of culture and attainments, he possessed excellent personal qualities, which won for him the esteem of all with whom he came in contact. As a member of the Inter- County Medical Society he was often called upon for papers on topics of interest to his profession, and his opinions were much valued by his associates. He was popular in the social circles of Eau Claire, and one of his chief diversions was fine music, both vocal and instrumental.

Dr. Selbaeh was a leading member of the German Catholic church, a member of the Catholic Order of Foresters, also the Catholic Knights of Wisconsin and of the Equitable Fraternal Union. He married Mary M. Hedergott at Green Bay, Wis., and eight children were born to them : Joseph W., William J., August H. was drowned at the age of eight years, Hubert H., Cecelia M., Amelia M., Lucile I. and Marie A. The two elder sons, Joseph W. and William J., are bright and promising young men, holding positions in the Union National Bank, of Eau Claire. Hubert H. is employed at the International Harvester Company office in Eau Claire as bookkeeper.

F. R. Skinner, M. D., was born in Utica, New York, April 21, 1831. He began his education in the old Utica Academy, was at Clinton Liberal Institute one year, Utica Academy five or six years and at Springfield Wesleyan Academy preparing for college. He entered Dartmouth College in the fall of 1849 and graduated in 1852. He then went to Castleton, Vermont, to study medicine, and graduated in 1854. He attended a course of medical lectures in New York City, and after reading awhile with Professor .Goldsmith and also Dr. Bodd, of Utica, he took a general tour of the West and Southwest. He located at Stevens Point in the fall of 1855, was taken sick in the spring of 1856 and returned to New York. He came to Eau Claire in 1857, spending a few months in Stillwater, Minnesota, learning the banking business.

In the interim he built aud started a drug store in Eau Claire, wliirli he ran till the spring of 1869, when he sold out to Farr, Freneli & Co. He died March 1, 1904.

Dr. Arthur Thrane, M. D., came to Eau Claire in November, 1875, and has since been engaged in the practice of medicine here. He was born in Norway, January 26, 1844, and came to America in April, 1865. Remaining in New York one year he came to Chicago and commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Paoli, and graduated from Rush Medical College in 1868, beginning his practice in Chicago.

Christian H. U. Midelfart, M. D., a prominent and successful physician of Eau Claire, was born in Christiania, Norway, August 5, 1865, the son of Peter A. aud Nicolena (Solberg) Midelfart. He was reared to manhood in his native country, received his classical education in private schools and his medical education was obtained in the University of Norway at Christiania, where he was graduated in 1892. In 1893 he came to the United States and located in Eau Claire, where he has since succeeded in building up a large and lucrative practice, second to none in this section of the state, and is widely known as one of the leading members of his profession. He was the first member of his family to emigrate to the United States. He was married in 1898 to Margaret, daughter of Rev. Ilalvard and (Helberg)

Hande, of Chicago, Illinois, who were formerly of Norway. Her father was a clergyman of the Lutheran church and after coming to the United States preached the gospel for several years, and later engaged in newspaper work for the Norden Newspaper, published in Chicago, and was considered one of the best Norwegian penmen in the Ignited States. Dr. Midelfart and wife are the parents of eight children : Anna L., Margaret E., Dangny N., Peter A., Christian F., Ingeborg, Elise and Signe. The doctor is a member of the Eau Claire County Medical Society, of which he served one term as president, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the Norwegian Physicians' Society. He was one of the directors of the Luther Hospital, aud is at the head of the medical and surgical staff of that institution. He occupies a prominent place in social circles of the city aud in politics is affiliated with the democratic party.

Roy E. Mitchell, M. D., of Eau Claire, has attained the front rank among the members of his profession in the city. He was born at Porter's Mills, this county, March 17, 1876, a son of Squire F. and Laura (Mcintosh) Mitchell, natives of the state of New York and Maine respectively. His paternal grandfather.

Samuel Mitchell, whose wife was Adaline Lombard, settled iu the town of Brunswick, Eau Claire county, in 1871. He was a lumberman and farmer, cleared and improved a farm in that town and died there. His maternal grandfather, Benjamin G. Mcintosh, a native of Maine, with his wife, Lydia, were also pioneers of the town of Brunswick, where they settled in 1864, cleared a part of a farm of 200 acres and resided in the town until his death in May, 1913, aged eighty-nine years. He was a prominent man of affairs and served as a member of the county board several terms. Squire F. Mitchell, father of our subject, was born in Allegany county. New York, November 4, 1851, and attended the common schools of liis native state until fifteen years of age. He came to Eau Claire county in 1871 and entered the employ of the Daniel Shaw Lumber Company, Avhich was the commencement of his career, details of which are more fully given in his sketch to be found elsewhere in this work.

Dr. Mitchell was reared in his native town, received his education in the schools of Eau Claire and graduated from the medical department of tlie University of Minnesota in the class of 1901. He served as interne and chief of staff of the Metropolitan (B. I.) Hospital, New York City, for one and a half years, and in the New York state service at Middletown, New York, nine years. In August, 1911, he located at Eau Claire and has since built up a lucrative practice. He was married September 1, 1908, to Emily, daughter of John Dean and Lucy (Talcott) Judson, of Vernon, New York, and has two children: Marjorie D. and Mancel T.

Dr. Mitchell is a member of the Eau Claire Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the Amei-ican Medico-Psycological Association. He is also a member of Eau Claire Lodge No. 112, A. P. and A. M. ; Eau Claire Chapter No. 36, R. A. M. ; Eau Claire Commandery No. 8, K. T. ; the Germania Lodge No. 49, K. of P., I'ku Claire, and the Modern Woodmen of America No. 3159, town of Brunswick, Eau Claire county. Politically he is independent. In December, 1913, Dr. Mitchell was appointed visiting physician to the new Mt. Washington Tuberculosis Sanitarium.

Hiram A. Fulton, M. D., is another one of the progressive and representative medical men of Eau Claire and the son of Marcus and Adelia (Ansley) Fulton, natives of New York state. Coming from Geneva, New York, to Hudson, Wisconsin, in the early sixties, the father embarked in the real estate business and was

Dr. Fultou was born November 23, 1877, at Hudson, Wisconsin. He was educated in the public schools of that place and the McAlister College at St. Paul, Minnesota, and received his medical education at the Marquette College, iu Milwaukee. Entering the medical department of last named institution in 1897 he was graduated in 1901 and iu June of the same year located at Eau Claire, where he has since succeeded in building up a large and growing practice. On November 5, 1902, he was united in marriage with Miss Jeauuette Putnam, daughter of Samuel and Caroline (Balcom) Putnam, of Eau Claire. To tliis union has been born oue daughter - Frances C.

Dr. Fulton is a member of the Eau Claire County Medical Society and the Wisconsin State Medical Society. He is a Royal Arch Mason, stands high with the medical profession of the city and is much esteemed for his social qualities.

John B. Mathiesen, M. D., ranks among the prosperous young professional men of Eau Claire. He was born in Drammen, Norway, November 13, 1872, the son of Thomas and Marie (Berger) ]\lathiesen.

Tlie subject of this sketch was raised in his native town, received his education in private schools and the gymnasium. Having determined to fit himself for the practice of medicine, he, in 1890, entered the medical department of the University of Norway at Christiania, and was graduated from there with the class of 1898. He began his practice in Norway the same year and remained thus engaged until 1900, when he came to the United States and located in Eau Claire, where with the exception of three years spent abroad and two years spent in practice at Whitehall he lias been associated with Dr. Christian Midelfart. He is a member of the Eau Claire County Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society and the American Medical Association.

On June 24, 1903, Dr. ilathiesen married Miss Augusta, daughter of Einar Selmer, for many years a prominent druggist of Eau Claire. They are the parents of three children - Anna, Erling and Birgit IMatliiesen.

Albert F. Hahn, M. D., physician and surgeon, of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, was born on a farm in Butler county, Iowa, April 17, 1868, a son of August H. and Thusnelda (Kaltwasser) Hahn, both of whom were natives of Germany. His father came to the United

States in 1849 and for eighteen years was variously employed in the states of Pennsylvania, Illinois and Colorado. He went to Iowa in 1866 and settled on a farm in Butler county, where he was successfully engaged in general farming until 1889, Avhen he retired. After a long and busy life he died at Shellrock, Iowa, in November, 1902, aged seventy-one years. The death of his wife, mother of the doctor, occurred in 1889, at the age of fortythree years.

Raised on the homstead farm in his native state, Dr. Halm acquired his primary education in the district schools, which was supplemented by courses of study at Wartburg College, Waverly, Iowa, and the Iowa State Normal School at Cedar Falls. During the years of 1888, '89 and '90 he taught school, and in the fall of the last named year matriculated with the Rush Medical College in Chicago, where he spent two years and was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago in 1893, and was a post-graduate from the Chicago Clinical School in 1896. He began the practice of his profession at Michieot, Manitowoc county, Wisconsin, in 1893. In 1898 he located in the city of Eau Claire, where he has since conducted a successful and constantly growing practice.

Dr. Hahn was married June 1, 1898, to Anna Gutwasser, daughter of Fred and Bertha (Hafermeister) Gutwasser, prominent residents of Dorchester, Wisconsin. Dr. and Mrs. Hahn have an interesting family of three children - Thusnelda, Cecil F. and Waldemar. The doctor is a member of the American Medical Association, the Wisconsin Medical Society and is prominently identified with the Knights of Pythias, the Maccabees and Mystic Workers. Mrs. Hahn is a descendant in the fourth generation on the paternal side from that sturdy Milwaukee pioneer, Gutwasser.

Dolenna Carlos Leavens, M. D., Fairchild, Wisconsin, is one of the prominent physicians of Eau Claire county. He was born on a farm in Lee Center township, Lee county, Illinois, April 26, 1850, the son of Daniel T. and Angeline (DeWolf) Leavens, natives of New York and Pennsylvania respectively. They were among the pioneers of Lee county, taking up land in Brooklyn township, that county, in an early day, which they improved. In later life the father retired from active labor, moving to Lee Center and resided there until his decease at the age of eighty-one years, and where also the mother died at the age of eighty-nine years. Of a family of twelve children born to them, ten grew to maturity: Dolenna C. ; Euretta married D. M. Sawyer; Estella married Cyrus Clark ; Freeman B. ; Ernest ; Elviek and Josephine,

Dr. Leavens was reared on the homestead farm in Lee county, Illinois, receiving his early education in the common schools. He began the study of medicine in 1875 with Dr. J. H. Broffet, of Paw Paw, Illinois. He entered Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1880 and graduated with the class of 1883. The same year he began practice at Lee Center, Illinois, remaining there for sixteen years, whence he moved to Amboy, Illinois, and practiced there six years. In 1902 on account of ill health he came to Wisconsin and purchased eighty acres of land in the town of Fairchild, Eau Claire county, and was there engaged in farming two years. He later took the examination before the Wisconsin State Board of Medical Examiners and has since been in the active and successful practice of his profession in the village of Fairchild.

Dr. Leavens has been twice married. His first wife was Helen, daughter of Jacob N. and Lydia (Robinson) Hill, of Lee county, Illinois, by whom he had three children, viz. : Mae, wife of Thomas Courtright; Daniel Earl and Carl II. Mrs. Leavens died in 1895, and the doctor married the second time Ella F. Taylor, daughter of Ephriam and Ellen (Clatiin) Taylor, of Lee Center, 111., and by her has one son - Wray T.

Fraternally Dr. Leavens is a member of Lee Center Lodge No. 146, A. F. and A. M., of which he was Master one term. He is an honorary member of the Lee County Medical Society and politically is a republican.

David W. Ashuin, M. D. Standing prominent among the medical profession of Eau Claire county is Dr. David W. Ashum, who was born iu Findley, Ohio, January 18, 1854. His parents were John and Fannie (French) Ashum, natives of Virginia and descended from German and English ancestry. The father was a farmer by occupation, and both parents were of fine sensibilities, high minded, cultured tastes, of refined manner and charming personality, and were highly esteemed for their sterling qualities of mind and heart, and many blessings followed them for their acts of charity to those in need. Tliey both died when Dr. Ashum was a small boy.

The early education of Dr. Ashum was principally received in Michigan. He became interested in the study of medicine and applied himself arduously to it under the preceptorship of Dr. John A. Waterhouse, an eminent physician of Bay City, Michigan. He entered the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, Ohio, and graduated with the class of 1881. He commenced his practice at Bay City, Mich., and at the end of one year he removed to Stevens Point, Wisconsin, where he organized a lumberman's hospital, under the name of the Michigan and Wisconsin Hospital Company. In the spring of 1883 he removed to Eau Claire and here started another lumberman's hospital, which he conducted for seven years. He was instrumental in effecting the organization of the American Hospital Aid Association, at Stevens Point, Wausau, Eau Claire and Ashland, Wisconsin, and Minneapolis and Grand Rapids, Minnesota.

As a practitioner Dr. Ashum has been successful. He has built up a large practice and made many warm friends among all classes of people. He keeps abreast of the times and is thoroughly up-to-date in the practice of his profession. In the fall of 1889 he attended the new York Polyclinic, and he holds membership in the National and State Eclectic Medical Societies. He is a member of the National Union, the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons and the A. 0. U. W.

Dr. Ashum was married at Alpena, Michigan, May 17, 1883, to Miss Carrie Harper, daughter of John and Abbie (Milliken) Harper, the former a native of New Brunswick, and the latter of Maine, both descended from Scotch ancestry.

Alexander Harper, father of John Harper, was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, and came to the western continent in 1818, first settling at Halifax. Benjamin IMilliken, father of Abbie Harper, was a native of Maine, and served in the War of 1812. His father, Joel Milliken, was a soldier in the War of the Revolution, and was likely born in this country, being a son of one of three brothers who came from Scotland, and who at one time owned nearly all of the Saco Valley, having purchased it from the Indians. Dr. and Mrs. Ashuna were the parents of two children : John H. and Maude Harper Ashum. Mrs. Ashum died March 8, 1911.

Ralph RolUn Chase, M. D., of Eau Claire, has attained to a prominent place in the ranks of the medical profession of Eau Claire county. He was born in Lima, Livingston county, New York, July 4, 1860, a son of Levi C. and Lucy A. (Crouch) Chase, and comes of English ancestry. Their coat of arms was obtained through Queen Ann, who knighted John Chase, who accompanied her from France as her licentiate or court physician when she returned to England to become queen in 1702. His father, who was born April 11, 1809, died in 1903, and his mother, who was born December 7, 1817, died April 10, 1891.

York, with the class of 1882. He later studied medicine in New York City, where he had rare clinical advantages at several hospitals, and was graduated from the medical department of the University of Minnesota in 1889, being valedictorian of his class and prosector. On April 22, 1889, he located at Eau Claire, where he has since been in the active and successful practice of his profession. Dr. Chase is a member of the American Medical Association, the Wisconsin State Medical Society and the Eau Claire County Medical Society. He is a ;i2ii,l dcuicc .Mason and Shriner, also a member of the Knights of Pythias and tlie Knights of Hermann, being past dictator and representative of the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin of the last named order. He is also a member of 1 he Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, is medical examiner j'or the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Mutual Benefit Insurance Company of New Jersey.

The Chase family is noted for its longevity and for their preference for the medical profession, the majoi'ity of the male memliers of the family being disciples of Esculapius. Dr. Chase is a cousin of Drs. D wight and Henry Day, who successfully practiced tneir profession in Eau Claire for over thirty .years. Dr. Chase's father died in Eau Claire at the resideiu'e of our subject in 1903 at the age of ninety-four years.

Dr. Chase has large real estate holdings in Eau Claire. He was married June 1, 1908, to Belle, daughter of Lucius V. and Belle (Burdette) Ripley, of Eau Claire.

In addition to the many other prominent positions filled by Dr. Cliase, he served as health physician for the cit.y of Eau Claire nine years.

Arthur L. Payne, M. D. Standing prominent among the medical i>rofessiou of Eau Claire is Dr. A. L. Paj'ne, specialist in diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. He was born in Marietta, Ohio, January 16, 1866, the son of Wallace M. and Alary E. (Gates) Payne. The doctor received his preliminary education at the Marietta Academy, and in 1887 matriculated with the Starling Medical College at Columbus, Ohio, and was gi-aduated from the Ohio Medical College, which is now known as the medical department of the University of Cincinnati in 1890. He began his practice in the city of Dayton the same year, remaining there until 1899, during which time he took up the specialty of the eye, ear, nose and throat, in which he had made a special study. In the year 1899 he moved to Eau Claire and has since been engaged in a successful practice.

Beachem, daughter of T. W. and Samantha (Terry) Beaeliem, of Dayton, Ohio, and they are the parents of one son - Norman B. Dr. Payne ranks among the leading specialists in Northwestern Wisconsin, and enjoys the confidence and esteem of the community generally. He is a member of the Eau Claire County Medical Society, the Northwestern District of Wisconsin Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Autolaryngology, the College of Surgeons of America and the Clinical College of Surgeons.

Dr. Payne is also prominent in fraternal and benevolent societies, being a member of Dayton Lodge No. 147, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, the Eau Claire Chapter No. 36, R. A. M. ; Eau Claire Commandery and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

William 0. Seemann, M. D., Eau Claire, the well known specialist in chronic disease, is the son of Hans and Mary (Peterson) Seeman, both natives of Schleswig, Holstein, Germany, who emigrated to the United States in 1853. Upon arriving in this country they settled in Lyons, Iowa, where the father engaged in farming and made that his home until 1884, when he moved to South Dakota, having previously purchased a tract of valuable farming land there, making that his home until his death.

Dr. Seeman was born in Lyons, Iowa, August 6, 1870, receiving his preliminary education in the public schools of Sutherland, Iowa. In 1892 he entered the medical department of the State University at Iowa City, and was graduated with the class of 1895, receiving his degree of M. D. Following his graduation lie served one year as interne in the hospital connected with the university, then went to Dubuque, Iowa, where he had charge of his brother's practice for one year. In 1897 he came to Eau Claire and has since been in active practice here. The doctor ranks among the foremost physicians of the city, and enjoys the confidence of a large clientele.

On September 6, 1898, he married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Gabriel and Elizabeth (Herd) Weis, of Dubuque, Iowa, and they are the parents of two children - Lester W. and Mary B. The doctor is a member of the Eau Claire County Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society and is also a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and a 32nd degree Mason.

1856, a sou of Charles and Emma (Bullen) Hayes, both natives of Maine. Edward S. received his preliminary education in the public schools of Maine and prepared for college at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, Kent's Hill, that state. He attended Amherst College one year - 1877 and 1878 - and then entered the medical department of Harvard University, graduating from the latter in 1881. He then spent one year as interne in the hospital at Providence, Rhode Island, and in 1883 located at Eau Claire, where he has since been actively engaged in the practice of medicine and has attained to a place of prominence among the medical profession.

On June 1, 1887, Dr. Hayes married Miss Miriam, daughter of Orrin H. and Cornelia (Pierce) Ingram, pioneer of Eau Claire, and among her most highly respected citizens (sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this volume). Dr. and Mrs. Hayes have two children : Ruth I. and Edmund.

Dr. Hayes is a member of the Eau Claire Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society and the American Medical Association, and has been a member of the State Board of Health since 1909. Fraternally he is a member of Eau Claire No. 112, A. F. and A. M., and politically is a republican.

Eugene E. Tupper, physician and surgeon, of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, was born in Sheboygan Falls, this state, January 15, 1871, the son of George L. and Sarah (White) Tupper. His paternal grandfather, Eben Tupper, a native of NeAV Hampshire, was one of the first settlers in Sheboygan county, where he cleared up and improved a farm of 250 acres and was the first man to own a team of horses in that county. The doctor's maternal grandfather was Rand B. White, a native of New York state, who was also a pioneer of Sheboygan county. He was a carriage maker by trade and also a physician, having been graduated from a medical college in the state of New York.

Dr. Tupper spent his boyhood in Sheboygan Falls, receiving his primary education in the public schools, which was supplemented with a course at the Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, and the University of Chicago. He entered the medical department of the Illinois University in Chicago, and was graduated with the class of 1905. The same year he began his practice at Hingham, Sheboygan county, remaining there until 1908, when he located in Eau Claire, and has since remained here in the active and successful practice of his profession.

sill. Dr. Tupper is one of the foremost men of his profession, iu which lie is an efficient and conscientious worker, and enjoys the confidence of the community. He is a member of the American Medical Association, the West Wisconsin District Medical Society, the Eau Claire County Medical Society, of which he has served as secretary. Also a member of the Wisconsin State Surgical Society. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Baptist cliurch.

John Van Reed Lyman, M. D. Of the galaxy of medical men for which this part of the state of Wisconsin has gained no little fame, is to be found in the front rank, if not iu the very van, the gentleman whose name is here recorded. He was born iu North Pepin, Wis., January 13, 1857, a son of Reverend Timothy and Valleria (Reinhart) Lyman. The first known ancestor of the Lyman family was Thomas Lyman, who lived in England in 1275. Dr. Lymairs first ancestor in America was Richard Lyman, who came from Norton, Mandeville, Parish of Ongai-, county of Essex, England, iu 1631, settling at Charlestou, Mass. Twentysix members of the fifth and sixth generations in America fought for independence in the war of the revolution. The generations in liue of descent to our subject from Richard, were John, Moses, Moses, Elias, Timothy, Timothy, Timothy, and Timothy. Timothy III, grandfather of our subject, married Experience Bardwell and was a resident of Chester, Mass., Mdiere he died at the age of 52 years. Timothy, father of Dr. Lyman, was born August 28, 1819, graduated from Amhurst College in 1844, and was ordained to the Congregational ministry in 1850. For fifteen years he was engaged in missionaiy work in the west and south. He was installed pastor of a church iu Killingworth, Conn., in 1866, serving as active pastor of a church at Southwick, Mass., in 1869, and died at the age of 67 years at Bar Harbor, Maine. He was married to Valeria Van Reed Reinhart, June 15, 1854, and they had two sons, William Bardwell, M. D., a graduate of Rush Medical College, Chicago, in the class of 1880, located in Eau Claire in 1882, where he became prominent in his profession, and is now actively engaged in practice in Boise City, Idaho, and our subject.

Dr. J. V. R. Lyman, second son and subject of this review, received an academic education at Fort Madison, loAva, graduating therefrom in 1873. He then engaged in mercantile piirsuits until 1876, when he began the study of medicine and later was appointed hospital steward in the Ft. Madison, Iowa, penitentiary, where he enjoyed rare clinical advantages. In 1877 he attended the St. Louis Medical College and the followiug two years In* spent at the Rush Medical College in Chicago, where he was graduated in 1880. He located in Eau Claire the same year, where he has since been engaged in active and successful practice of his profession, making a specialty of surgery and gj'necology, devoting considerable time to this specialty. In the meantime, he made a trip to Europe, spending some time in Berlin, where he took advanced instructions and now stands at the head of his profession in Eau Claire county. He is a member of the American Medical Association and the Wisconsin State and Eau Claire County Medical Societies.

E'r. Lyman was married Juue 7, 1881, to Maud, daughter of W. L. and Sarah (Williams) Kepler, pioneers of Eau Claire. To this union were born two children, John Van Reed, Jr., who is connected with tlie Press of Minneapolis, and Valeria, deceased.

The present wife of Dr. Lyman was Mary, daughter of Otis C. and Harriet (Disbro) Sylvester, of Minneapolis, to whom he was married August 27, 1909, and by her has one son, Richard Van Reed.

Dr. Lymaa is a 32nd degree Mason, and in politics a Republican. A half-brother, Timothy Fifth, is a graduate of Dartmouth College and is noAV a student of medicine in the medical department of Leland Stanford University in California, and a halfsister, Helen jM.. a graduate of Mt. Hol.yoke Seminary, is a teacher in the high school of Eau Chi ire

James Bell Goddard, M. D.,'- was born in Lena, Stephenson county, Illinois, October 25, 1856. His parents, William R. and Catherine (Bell) Goddard, were natives of Vermont and Pennsylvania respectively. His paternal grandfather was a native of Vermont and one of the pioneers of Stephenson county, Illinois, and by occupation a farmer. He retired with a competency and died at the age of 92 years. His maternal grandfather, William Bell, was a native of Pennsylvania and made his home near Altoona. William R. Goddard, father of the doctor, came to Illinois with his parents when a boy and was a farmer by occupation. He fought in the Mexican war and when the civil war broke out raised a company at Lena and Freeport. Entering the service, he was promoted to Major of the 15th Illinois Regiment and served under General Grant and was killed in the battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862. His wife, with her brother, Robert Bell, emigrated to Illinois via the Ohio and Mississippi rivers by boat. Landing at Savannah, 111., they traveled overland by teams to Stephenson county and there joined an elder brother for whom she kept house until her marriage.

Dr. Goddard was reared on a farm, received his education in the public schools at Lena, 111., and Knox College at Galesburg, from which he graduated in 1886. The same year he matriculated with Rush Medical College of Chicago and was graduated in 1888. He began practice at Winslow, 111., remaining there until 1891, then spent a year and a half at Berlin and Vienna, taking laboratory and clinical work. On his return to the United States, he located at Austin, 111., where he remained until 1900, when he came to Eau Claire. He is now a member of the Eau Claire County and the "Wisconsin State Medical societies.

Richard F. Werner, M. D.,*' was born in Eau Claire, September 11, 1871, to Peter and Augusta (Kitzman) Werner. The parents of Peter Werner were natives of Germany and pioneer settlers of Sheboygan, Wis., and owned and operated the first saw mill there. He carried on lumbering until his death in 1854:. Tlie maternal grandfather, August Kitzman, a native of Germany, whose wife was Rose Otto, was among the pioneers of Eau Claire county. He was a farmer and lumberman, and died in 1898 at the age of 80 years. His wife died in 1911, aged 86 years. Peter Werner, father of our subject, came to Eaii Claire in 1862 and followed lumbering also until he retired in 1902. He now resides in Los Angeles, Cal. There were five sons and three daughters in the family, viz: Charles, Richard F., Harriet, Henry, Otto H., Ewald, Helen, and Rose.

Dr. Werner was educated in the public schools of Eau Claire and at the Beloit College. His medical education was obtained at the Rush Medical College of Chicago, from which he graduated in 1897. He began his practice at Augusta, remaining there until 1095, when he removed to Eau Claire. He married November 15, 1899, Agnes Keith, daughter of John and Agnes (Barlaud) Keith, and has three sons, Richard K., Keith, and Thomas. Dr. Werner is a member of the Presbyterian church, the Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, the Eau Claire County Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the Congress of Surgeons of North America.

Frederick Sutton Cook, M. D., Eau Claire's well known specialist in diseases of the eye, ear, nose, and throat, is the son of Judge William Cook, one of the pioneer jurists of Davenport, Iowa, and Mary (Fletcher) Cook, natives of New York and Derbyshire, England, respectively.

Dr. Cook was born in Davenport, Iowa, July 16, 1880, was reared in that city, receiving his primary education in the public schools. He afterward entered the Iowa State University Col- lege of Medicine, from which he was graduated iu 1906 with the degree of M. D. While attending college he acted as assistant to Professor L. W. Dean, of the university. He made a special study of diseases of the eye, ear, nose, and throat, and in 1907 came to Eau Claire, where he has since built up a large and lucrative practice in these specializations, and has become well and favorably known.

On September 15, 1909, Dr. Cook was married to Ida Snyder, daughter of Samuel and Mary E. (Brown) Snyder, of Chippewa Falls. Dr. and Mrs. Cook have one daughter, Mary Elizabeth Cook. The doctor is a member of the Eau Claire Medical Society, president in 1914 the Wisconsin State Medical Society, West Wisconsin District Medical Society, the American Medical Association, and the Clinical Congress of Surgeons. He is prominently connected with Eau Claire Lodge, No. 112, Free and Accepted Masons, and of Eau Claire Chapter, No. 36, R. A. M., Eau Claire. He is also a member of Commandery Knights Templars, a member of Germania Lodge, No. 49, Knights of Pythias, and a member of the Episcopal church.

Herman F. Derge, M. D. Standing prominent among the members of his profession in Eau Claire is Herman F. Derge, a son of Ferdinand and Ida (Schultz) Derge. Dr. Derge was born in Eau Claire, Wis., August 22, 1883. His paternal grandparents were Ferdinand and Augusta (Grewe) Derge, of the Province of Brandenburg, Germany, where the father was born January 25, 1855. He came to America in 1870, locating first in Milwaukee. In 1875 he engaged in the manufacture of cigars with his brother Julius at Eau Claire, which business he continued until his death, which occurred in 1891. His wife, mother of our subject, was a native of J\Iilwaukee, and they were the parents of two sons, Herman F. and Ferdinand. Herman Schultz, matei-nal grandfather of Dr. Derge, a native of Germany, was a pioneer of the city of IMilwaukee and later of Eau Claire, where he settled in 1860.

Dr. Derge Avas reared in this city, receiving his primary education in the public schools, which was supplemented by a thorough course in the Wisconsin State University at Madison, from which institution he was graduated in 1904 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then entered the medical department of the Johns Hopkins University at Baltimore, Md., graduating with first honors in the class of 1908. While at the University of Wisconsin he was elected to the honorary fraternity. Phi Beta Kappa. At the Johns Hopkins University a similar honor was bestowed upon him when he was made a member of the honorary medical fraternity, Alpha Omega Alpha. From 1908 to 1910 he practiced as house physician at the Johns Hopkins hospital at Baltimore. Returning to Eau Claire in 1910, he began practice with Dr. Lyman as a member of the firm of Lyman & Derge, and since 1912 as a member of the firm of Lyman, Derge, and Curtis.

Dr. Derge married September 8, 1909, Miss Margaret Ziegler, daughter of Dr. Charles B. and Jennie (Baker) Ziegler, of Baltimore, Md., and they have two children : Dorothy and Elizabeth. Dr. Derge stands high in his profession and in the social life of the community. He is a member of the Eau Claire County Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, the Wisconsin Surgical Society, and the American Medical Association, and is prominently identified with the Jlasonic fraternity.

John F. Farr, M. D.,* of Eau Claire, is the son of Rufus and Ellen (Thomas) Farr, and was born at Wellsboro, Pa., March 15, 1862. His father, who was a native of Vermont, and his mother of Wales, came to Eau Claire in 1879, remaining here two years, whence in 1881 they located at Menomonie, Wis., where the father engaged in the hotel business, conducting the Menomonie House for several years. He later purchased the Merchants' Hotel, which he carried on until it was destroyed by fire, this being his second misfortune of the kind while a resident of Menomonie. After the destruction of the Merchants' Hotel, he went to Hudson, Wis., and there became the proprietor of the Chapin Hall House until 1895, when he retired from active business and returned to Eau Claire, where he died in 1902 at the age of 79 years. His family consisted of two sons, Frank, who is an attorney at law, occupies a prominent place in the legal profession of Eau Claire, and our subject.

Dr. Farr was reared in Blassburg, Pa., receiving his education in the public schools. He came to Eau Claire with his parents in 1879 and in 1881 embarked in the drug business with his brother Frank, under the firm name of Farr Brothers, in which business he continued until 1892. He entered the medical department of Hamlin University, Minneapolis, Minn., graduating therefrom in 1897. He practiced one year before coming to Eau Claire, and since 1898 has been actively and successfully engaged in the practice of his profession in this city.

On March 23, 1888, Dr. Farr married Miss Anna, daughter of Albert C. Peck, of Eau Claire, by whom he has three children, Ellen, John, and Marion. The doctor is a member of the Eau Claire County Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical So- eiety, and the American Medical Association. He has been health officer of Eau Claire since 1905. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

Everett L. Mason, M. D., whose entire business career has been devoted to the practice of medicine, ranks among the leaders of his profession in Ean Claire county. He was born in Eau Galle, Dunn county, Wisconsin, June 29, 1878. His parents, Edwin C. and Sarah Jane (Wilmarth) Mason, natives of Illinois and Athens, Ohio, respectively, settled in Dunn county, this state, about 1867, where the father purchased a farm and made his home until he retired from active labor, removing to Careyville, the same county, where he still resides.

Dr. Everett L. Mason Avas reared in Dunn county, receiving his education in the public schools and the high school of Menomonie. He subsequently spent three years as a teacher in the public schools of Dunn and Pepin county, and in the fall of 1899 began the study of medicine and was graduated from the Chicago Homeopathic Medical College Avith the class of 1903. After his graduation, he spent one and one-half years as interne in the Cook County (Illinois) Hospital, and in December, 1904, located in the city' of Eau Claire, where he practiced his profession until 1908, at which time he took a post-graduate course at the Northwestern University of Chicago, graduating in the spring of 1909. He then returned to Eau Claire, where he has since been in an active and successful practice.

Dr. Mason married September 15, 1909, Miss Agnes Shumway, daughter of Arnold Shumway, of Janesville, Wis., and has one son, Robert Arnold. For five years past Dr. Mason has been president of the Eau Claire Anti-Tuberculosis Association ; he is a member of the Eau Claire County Medical Society, Wisconsin State Medical and the American Medical Association. The doctor served as president of the Eau Claire County Medical Society for one year, and was for two years its secretary. Fraternally he is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Knights of Pj'thias, and Grand Medical Examiner of the Beavers' Reserve Fund Fraternity.

William Montgomery, M. D., secretary of the Montgomery Hospital of Eau Claire, is a son of Alexander and Anna May Montgomery, natives of Glengarj-, Province of Ontario, Canada, and Eau Claire, respectively. Alexander Montgomery, father of William, is a graduate of the Illinois College of Medicine, and has been in the practice of his profession in Eau Claire since 1889. He founded the Montgomery Sanitarium in 1898, and the Mont- gomery Hospital in 1905, erecting the hospital buildings that year at a cost of $55,000, and since its completion the hospital has been constantly filled with patients. Its present officers are : Alexander Montgomery, Sr., president; John Montgomery, vicepresident ; William Montgomery, secretary, and Alexander Montgomery, Jr., treasurer. Mrs. Montgomery, mother of our subject, was a daughter of August Benick, a pioneer of Eau Claire. Doctor and Mrs. Montgomery are the parents of six children : William, Alexander, Jr., practicing in Milwaukee ; John, practicing physician in Eau Claire ; Elizabeth, Agnes, and Robert.

Dr. William Montgomery was born in Eau Claire October 11, 1886. He was educated in the public schools of Eau Claire and the Hyde Park high school of Chicago, and later graduated from the medical department of the Illinois University, and has been in the active practice of his profession in Eau Claire. In 1911 he married Miss Alma, daughter of John Olson, of Eau Claire. The doctor is a member of the Eau Claire County Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the Western District Medical Society of Wisconsin, the Knights of Columbus. Brotherhood of American Yeoman, and Equitable Fraternal Union.

John Lawrence Montgomery, M. D.,* who belongs to the younger class of practicing physicians of Eau Claire, was born in this city March 2, 1890. His father, Dr. Alexander Montgomery, one of the well known ph.ysicians of the city, is president of the Montgomery Hospital, which was established by him in 1905.

A native born son of Eau Claire, Dr. Montgomery received his primary education in the public schools. He later attended the Eau Claire Business College and took a course at the New Era Business College at Superior, Wis., after which he took a classical course at St. Norbets College at DePere, Wis., and studied pharmacy one year. He received his medical training at the Loyola University in Chicago, where he spent four years, graduating in 1911, after which he spent one year in the Marquette University and the Jefferson Park Hospital, and then located at Eau Claire, where he has since been in the active practice of his profession, with offices in the Eau Claire Savings Bank building. He is connected with the Montgomery Hospital as vice-president, is a member of the Catholic Order of Foresters, the Equitable Fraternal Union and the Eau Claire County Medical Society.

Dr. Montgomery was married in 1911 to Miss Winnifred Loughuey, daughter of Roger Loughey, of Duluth, Jlinn., and they are the parents of one son, John Alexander IMoutgomery.

Edward Patrick Hayes, M. D.,* of Eau Claire, is the son of Thomas and Elizabeth (O'Connell) Hayes, and is one of a family of eight children, all born in the state of Wisconsin. Thomas Hayes, father of the doctor, was born at Richtield, Wis., in 1847, and during his whole lifetime has been engaged in general farming. He married Elizabeth O'Connell, daughter of John and Mary O'Connell, and they were the parents of eight children as follows: Martlia, wife of Henry Kiietzel, resides in Milwaukee; Elizabeth niairiiMl l;iH.iamin Herziger ; Eleanor; Thomas resides on the home fanii ; Eilward is deceased ; Edward P., the subject of this sketch; Mary is engaged in teaching at Granville, this state, and Florence, who died at the age of eight years.

Thomas Hayes, grandfather of Doctor Hayes, was born in Cork, Ireland, and at the age of 27 came to America. In 1839 he came west and located at Richfield, Wis. He was a farmer by occupation and the owner of large tracts of land.

Dr. Edward P. Hayes was born at Richfield, Wis., September 24, 1886. He obtained his early education in the common schools and the Menomonie high school. After graduating from the latter, he taught school one year at Hartford, this state, after which, in 1909, he commenced the study of medicine at the Marquette University and graduated with the class of 1913 with the degree of M. D. Immediately after this he went to St. Paul, Minn., and for one year was house physician in the Luther Hospital. He came to Eau Claire highly recommended and associated himself with Dr. E. L. Mason on May 15, 1914. Their offices are located in the Rust building on South Barstow street. The doctor is a member of the Eau Claire Medical Society and affiliates witli the Catholic church.

Leo. H. Flynn, M. D.,* who ranks among the younger class of professional men of Eau Claire, was born in Ohio, December 25, 1882, and is a son of John C. and Mary (Hayes) Flynn, natives of New York and Ireland, respectively. The paternal grandparents, Patrick and Mary Flynn, came from Ireland to the United States and first located in the State of New Y'ork, where John C, father of our subject, was born. They later moved to Illinois and were among the pioneers of Bloomington, where the grandfather, who was a carpenter by trade, resided until his death. The father of Dr. Flynn, who is an iron moulder by trade, has resided in Bloomington, 111., for many years, where he has been engaged in the grocery business for the last fifteen j'ears.

from the latter in 190:]. He then attended the State Normal school at Normal, 111., and in 1908 eommeneed the study of medicine in the medical department of the Northwestern University of Chicago and was graduated in 1912 with the degree of M.D. lie served one j'ear as interne in St. Francis' Hospital in La Crosse, and in July, 1913, came to Eau Claire, where he has since been in active practice. He is a member of the Eau Claire Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, and the American Medical Association. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus and of the Catliolic church.

Julius 0. Arnson, M.D.,* was born in this city July 3, 1888, a son of Martin and Johanna (Eck) Arnson, both of wliom were born in Norway but reared in Eau Claire, where they married and where the father has been connected with the R. J. Kepler Company for about twenty years. Mr. and Mrs. Arnson have a family of three children: Julius 0., the subject of this sketch; Anna, now Mrs. P. W. Anderson, and J. Martin.

Raised in Eau Claire, Dr. Arnson acquired his primary education in the public schools of the city, which was supplemented by a thorough course at the Wisconsin University. He obtained his medical education at the Northwestern University Medical College in Chicago, from which he was graduated with the class of 1911. After spending a year and a half as interne in the hospitals of Chicago and Minneapolis, he located at Osseo, Wis., in 1912. In May, 1913, he went to Minneapolis, Minn., remaining in practice there until January 1, 1914, when he returned to Eau Claire, associated with Dr. E. E. Tupper, practicing with him until he moved to Kimball, Minn. He is a member of the Eau Claire County Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, and the American Medical Association, and the Oseo Lodge, No. 213, Free and Accepted Masons.

Joseph C. Baird, M. D.,"* one of the rising .young physicians of Eau Claire, whose practice is limited to Roentgenology, was born in McGregor, Iowa, February 1, 1884, to David and Mary (Miller) Baird, natives of Wisconsin and Iowa, respectively, and is of Scotch and Swiss descent.

Dr. Baird was raised in Chicago, 111., and attended tlie public schools of that city. Deciding on a medical career for his life's work, he matriculated Avitli the Hahnemann Medical College, of Chicago, irom which institution he graduated with the class of May, 1907, and one year later, in 1908, was graduated from the school of Electro Therapeutics of the same city. He began the practice of his chosen profession at Prairie du Chien in the spring of 1908, remaining there until September, 1909, when he came to Eau Claire and by his close application has succeeded in building up a large and lucrative practice.

Dr. Baird stands "well in the medical profession as well as socially, and is a member of the Eau Claire County Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, and the West Wisconsin Medical Society, of which he is at present (1914) secretary, and is also a member of the American IMedical Association. He is connected as Roentgenologist with the Sacred Heart and Luther Hospitals of Eau Claire and the St. Joseph's Hospital at Chippewa Falls.

Robert L. Frisbie, M. D.,* a successful pliysician and surgeon of Fairchild, this county, was born in Audrain county, Missouri, October 8, iSb'9, the son of James and Henrietta (Pettibone^ Frisbie, both natives of Connecticut, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and is a direct descendant of Edward Frisbie, who came to America in 1653, settling in New England.