Grant County, Wisconsin - Chapter 2: Lancaster, Special History, 1900

Chapter 2: Lancaster, Special History

Lancaster has been handicapped in the matter of manufacturing by having no water power and no coal except what was brought from a distance at great expense for transportation, and until 1879 no railroad transportation, nor any other kind except by wagon.

The Woolen Mills. - The principal factory the place has had was the woolen mills. The company was organized June 20, 1869, with Addison Burr president, George W. Ryland treasurer, Richard Meyer secretary, and J. C. Holloway, A. Burr, Douglas Oliver, Henry Fox, and Jacob Nathan directors. A building was erected near the Big Spring at a cost of $7,000 and the machinery of Douglas Oliver's mill at North Andover was put in. Another set of the most improved pat¬ tern was put in and some of the machinery was started that fall. A few hands were brought from New England as instructors for the Lancaster girls who were employed. The mill had a capacity for forty hands and 100,000 pounds of wool annually and cost $30,000. A man named Fuller was employed for superintendent, but after a few months' trial he was found incompetent and discharged, and Henry Fox was placed in charge, with T. A. Burr bookkeeper. The opera¬ tion was unprofitable, and in little more than a year the mill was sold by foreclosure and bought by some of the principal stockholders, who rented to Gledhill & Walker. In about a year they gave it up and J. C. Holloway and W. H. Clise rented it. In about six months Mr. Clise retired, and Mr. Holloway operated the mill till the end of the year. The mill then stood idle until it was purchased by Street Bros., Marshall & Co., in May, 1880. New and improved machinery was put in, and as Lancaster now had railroad transportation, it was hoped that the business could be carried on with profit to the owners and benefit to the city ; but the day of manufacturing on a small scale

Excelsior Factory. - In the fall of 1888 Messrs. Twichell & Osborn decided to put in a factory at Lancaster for the manufacture of excel¬ sior or wood-wool. White poplar, suitable for making this material, abounded in the vicinity and wa9 of little value for any other purpose. The woolen mill building was purchased, and in December of that year the machinery was started. All went well, seemingly, until July 17, 1895, when the factory was burned, and never rebuilt.

Electric Light Plant - In 1897 J. G. Harshberger procured a fran¬ chise for an electric light plant and proceeded to put up a power-house on the site of the excelsior factory, utilizing the brick smoke-stack of the factory, which was still standing. The work was completed and the city given the luxurj' of electric lights in 1898.

Water-works. - As the city outgrew the water supply from wells and springs the question of water- works was discussed. Whether to obtain the supply from a deep well put down into the sandstone, or bring it from the great spring near the Griswold Mill on Grant River, about three miles from the court-house, was a question on which the citizens sharply divided and which created considerable partisan feel¬ ing. It was at last decided to bring the water from the spring, which was named the Klondike Spring. The city issued bonds to the amount of $24,000 and the works were constructed in 1895 and 1896. They belong to the city.

Flour Mill. - The Lancaster Milling Company was organized in 1893, with a capital of about $8,000. The stockholders were John Schreiner, Ivey & Webb, Richard Meyer, Jr., Henry Muesse, Albert, Robert, Harry, and George Brooker, Charles H. Baxter, Joseph Na¬ than, W. J. Weir, and Thomas F. Orton. The mill was built a square northwest of the railroad station and steam machinery put in. It was just getting a good run of trade when it was destroyed by fire May 20, 1893. It was immediately rebuilt, and again burned Octo¬ ber 18, 1893, it is thought by an incendiary. It was again rebuilt on the same site and is now running.

In December, 1861 , George W. Ryland and J. C. Holloway began a private banking business on the corner of Maple and Madison Streets. In 1864 the firm erected a large three-story block of Miwautoe brick on the corner just mentioned, the first three-story building erected in Lancaster. In May, 1871, the bank was located in a white brick building, adjoining the block just mentioned on Maple Street. The capital was $10,000. January 1, 1875, Mr. Holloway withdrew and Mr. Ryland continued the business alone until October, 1880, when Richard Meyer (who had long been the cashier of the bank) and Richard Meyer, Jr., became partners in the business, under the name of George W. Ryland & Co., and with a capital of $20,- 000. Business was con¬ ducted prosperously and with the confidence of the whole community. On May 1. 1887, Mr. Ryland with¬ drew. Subsequently the in¬ stitution became the Meyer- Showalter bank, Richard Meyer, Richard Meyer, Jr.,

Reuben B. Showalter pro¬ prietors, whose bank is lo¬ cated in the new brick build¬ ing on the northwest corner of Maple and Madison Streets. Another bank, the State Bank of Grant Countv, began business in

Lieut-Gov. Geo. W. Ryland

Schreiner president, George W. Ryland vice president, Joseph Bock cashier. It is located on the east side of the public square. The Meyer-Showalter Bank has a capital of $25,000 and the State Bank a capital of $60,000.

The first school in Lancaster was begun in the fall of 1837, by Miss Ann Locey, sister of Dr. Locey, of Platteville. It was taught in the log house first used by G. M. Price.

Miss Jane Ayers, who came from Rockville and lived several years in Lancaster, taught sevsral terms beginning in 1840 in the old Price building, and afterward teaching in a building which stood back of the present post-office. She was followed by Francis Rigaud, who some say was a Frenchman and others a Cornishman, who had been in the English army. He taught in the northwest room of the court¬ house. Another school was kept in Bushnell Hollow, but by whom cannot now be learned. In 1843 J. Allen Barber, Nelson Dewey, and Daniel Banfill were appointed school board for the precinct of Lancas¬ ter, and through their efforts a school-house was built. It was a small frame building near the Mills residence. It served many years as a school-house and is now the kitchen of Mr. Kohlenberg's resi¬ dence. It was sold by the district in 1854 to Mr. Palmer for $305.. There was much opposition to the building of this house, but its ne¬ cessity was soon recognized and everybody was satisfied. Who was the first person to teach in this building cannot now be learned. In May, 1845, Miss Ellen B. Chaffee began teaching there and taught one year and then went to Potosi. Probably her immediate successor was J. T. Mills, who was by nature and education a teacher, and his services gave great satisfaction. In time the school became too large for one teacher, and J. C. Cover was employed as an assistant. It was commonly said: "Mills was to do the teaching and Cover the whipping." Besides this school there were several "select" schools at different times and by different teachers.

In 1852 an academy school was started in the Congregational church with Prof. Demarest as teacher. The trustees of the school were Nelson Dewey, J. Allen Barber, D. R. Burt, and J. T. Mills. After several other teachers came Sherman Page, afterward Judge Page, of Austin, Minn. He was a strict disciplinarian and an energetic edu¬ cator. His school increased in numbers and it was decided to build an academy building. Subscriptions to the amount of $1,200 were raised and one quarter paid within a week. The building was com¬ pleted in August, 1858, 25X40 feet in size and two stories. Mr. Page was the principal. There was considerable dissatisfaction with him, and at last the ill-feeling broke out in a bitter newspaper war. The controversy originated in an account of some exercises in the academy written by a reporter for the Herald , and printed in that paper over the signature " Critique." Mr. Page resented some of the statements in the article and replied in a peppery article signed "Critique's Critic." The controversy raged some time in the Herald , Mr. Cover taking it up, when it became too hot for the columns of a family news¬ paper, and Mr. Page carried it on in the form of a periodical dodger with the head: "Footprints of J. C. Cover," and Cover replied in Herald extras. Mr. Page finally, about 1861, left Lancaster, and was next heard of here by an attempt to assassinate him at Austin, Minn., in 1877. In 1870 the academy gave way to the graded public school and the old academy building was transformed into a dwelling now standing on the corner of Oak and Monroe Streets. Among the teachers who succeeded Mr. Page in the "Institute" were Miss H. H. Eddy in the winter of 1862-63, D. Gray Purman, who began in the spring of 1863, John J. Copp in 1865, and Prof. Josiah Beardsley, who began teaching in the fall of 1866.

The "Institute" and the old school-house in the north part of town not furnishing sufficient school accommodations, a new house was built by Sherman & Walker, being completed in 1856. It was 50X35 feet two stories high. The building and plat cost $3,000. In 1868 a still larger building was erected in the south part of the town, costing $15,000. It was just completed when, on June 13, 1868, a terrible gale swept over the city, laying the house in ruins. The green mortar of the new walls was, of course, not so strong as it would have become, but it was thought that the construction was also defec¬ tive. In a few days more the house would have been full of children, and the result too terrible to contemplate.

Many people of the town were now in favor of buying the old Congregational church for a school-house, but those who believed in building for the future were in the majority, and a new building was accordingly erected in 1869 at a cost of $20,000. In September, 1875, in addition to the graded school, a high school was opened. Prof. John Brindley was the first high school principal.

The High School building becoming crowded, another schoolhouse was erected in 1899 in the north part of the city, between Jeff¬ erson and Madison Streets. The cost of the building alone was $7,- 000. With the cost of the lots, furniture, etc., the cost was $10,000. Besides the High School there are nine grades in the common school. The following is the corps of teachers : Principal, Prof. L. L. Clarke ; assistants, Mr. R. L. Lyman ; Misses H E. Ives, Gertrude Buck, Jessie Decker, Ellen vVoolstenholme, Mary E. Smith, Mary Whitmore, Fan¬ nie Johnson, Sylvia Wheeler, Sadie L. Moses, Eva Boyes, Mary War¬ ren, Nettie Oswald.

The Methodist Episcopal Church. - Probably the first religious ser¬ vices held in this community were by itinerant Methodist preachers. J. T. Mills in his reminiscenced stated that he witnessed religious ser¬ vices in a cabin in Bushnell Hollow soon after the village was laid out. John Wood, Richard Wood, and Enos P. Wood, the last the County Clerk, preached occasionally in the court-house and school-house dur¬ ing the forties. In 1848 a Methodist preacher named Smith seems to have resided in Lancaster, and there was occasional preaching by El¬ der Summers, the presiding elder of the circuit. A quarterly conference was held in Lancaster October 21, 1849, Rev. Elmore Yocum being the presiding elder and Rev. Benjamin Close the preacher in charge. At that conference it was decided to build a M. E. parsonage at Lan¬ caster and Benjamin Close, Benjamin E. Quincy, and Martin Teal were appointed a building committee. The first board of trustees was com¬ posed of James Henderson, Charles W. Long, A. E. Kilby, and Joseph McKinney. The parsonage was not built. In the fall of 1850 Mr. Close was succeeded by Rev. J. W. Putnam, and he by Rev. Henry Wood January 18, 1851. During this winter money was raised tor a church building, which was begun in the spring and completed during the summer. It was dedicated November 16. It was a frame build¬ ing 12X24 and cost $800. At the time of the dedication there was a debt of $400. Mr. Brooks, of Lawrence University, Appleton, under¬ took to Taiae this amount by subscriptions, and succeeded. This was the second church built in the place. It was on Maple Street, near Adams. It was used by the congregation until 1877, and was after-

In March, 1851, Rev. A. H. Walters succeeded Mr. Wood and re¬ mained until 1852, when Rev. M. Osborne took charge. The circuit then embraced Lancaster, Boice Prairie, Little Grant, Hurricane, and part of Fennimore.

The present officers of the church are: trustees, Stephen Vivian, J. E. McKinney, Alex. Ivey, James Woodhouse, George Stewart, Samuel Duncalf; stewards, Stephen Vivian, J. E. McKinney, Alex. Ivey, Hen¬ ry Baker, John Stone; secretary, John Stone; treasurer, Stephen Vivian.

The Congregational Church. - This society was organized in May, 1843, Jedediah L. Stevens preaching the sermon on the occasion. The original members were J. T. Mills and his wife, Daniel Macauley and his wife, Dexter Ward and his wife and Miss Mary Ward. The first meetings were held in the court-house and in a log cabin in Bushnell Hollow. When the school-house was built in 1843 it was used as a meeting-house until the church was built. The first regularly estab¬ lished minister was Rev. R. Carver, who came in 1844 and remained until December the next year He was succeeded by Rev. O. Littlefield, who remained until January, 1847, when he was succeeded by Rev. S. W. Eaton, who was not, however, formally ordained until January 28, 1848. A church building was begun in the spring of 1856, seats were temporarily borrowed from a church in Potosi and a pulpit from Platteville; and the church was dedicated December 2, 1851. It was situated on the corner of Cherry and Monroe Streets, where it still stands, converted into a dwelling. It was a frame budding 30X40,

In 1862 Mr. Eaton was commissioned as Chaplain of the Seventh Wisconsin, and remained with the regiment until the close of the war, performing his duties in a manner which won him high encomiums. During his absence his pulpit was occupied by Rev. Hector Maiben.

On August 19, 1871, the corner-stone of a new church was laid with appropriate ceremonies. In the stone was placed a history of the Congregational Church in Wisconsin, the last issue of the county papers, cereals and seeds and a sketch of the history of the church. The building was completed and dedicated July 17, 1873. Rev. C. H. Richards, of Madison, delivered the sermon, and there were exercises by the pastors of the Congregational and Methodist

Churches in Lancaster. A subscription of $2,000 was raised in the audience previous to the dedication. The edifice is situated on Cherry and Madison Streets, is 50X85 feet, with a spire 100 feet high orna¬ mented with beltings of cut stone. The contractors and builders were Alcorn & Muesse, and the plans were by C. W. Shinn, of Springfield, Ill. The cost was $12,650. The auditorium is 40X80, twenty feet of which is cut off as a "social room" by sliding panels, by means of which the whole can be made one room. A large chandelier with numerous side lights was presented by Gen. J. B. Callis, but the church is now lighted with electricity. The building is warmed by two furnaces. The old building was sold to B. H. Borah for $700.

Rbv. S. W. Baton. D. D. Mrs. 8. W. Baton

George McFarlin, Martha McFarlin, Israel Miles, Evan Miles. Reuben Miles, Isaac F. Miles, Caroline Woods, Mahala Miles, Jesse Miles, Wm. N. Reed, Darius Bainbridge, and Sarah Miles. The first trustees were Jesse Miles, William N. Reed, and Evan Miles. George McFarlin was the first deacon. In August, 1845, Jesse Miles, Wm. Paddock, and Wm. N. Reed, were appointed a committee to purchase Lots 4 and 5 of Block 22 for a building site.

Elder Miles was the preacher until June, 1846, when Rev. N. E. Chapin became pastor. As the Baptist Church was then the strong¬ est society in the place, the citizeos generally subscribed for a Baptist church building, so that the town should have one church at least, and $900 was subscribed. Nelson Dewey, Alfred Miles, J. C. Cover, H. L. Liscum, and James Otis, were elected trustees in 1847. and appointed as a building committee, having a fund of $1,050 available. By the spring of 1848 the foundation had been built by James Gow,at a cost of $188, and the contract for the building was let to James M. Otis for $1,100. The church was to be finished by November of that year, but for some reason it remained unfinished until July 4, 1852, when it was dedicated. The building is of brick, 30x40, situated on Madison Street near Oak. Up to this time services haclbeen held in the court-house and the school-house. In 1851 Mr. Chapin was succeeded as pastor by Rev. D. Matlock, who remained until 1853. In July, 1854, Rev. E. M. Lewis began as pastor and continued as such until the summer of 1856. The church then remained without a pastor until January, 1858, when Rev. E. B. Hatch came and remained with the church until November of that year. In 1862 Rev. D. Matlock took up the work again and carried it on for two years, when the church was again.left without a minister. In 1869 Rev. Mr. Wade preached for a few months. In October, 1883, Rev. G. D. Stevens, of Cassville, was engaged to preach once a month, which he did until September, 1885. In June, 1887, Rev. J. U. R. Woolf began as pastor and remained three months. From March, 1888, Rev. J. E. McIntosh was pastor for two years, and was succeeded by Mr. Woo'f for one year. In 1893 Rev. S. C. Topp preached three months, and was succeeded by Rev. T. G. Aterbury for a few months. From July, 1897, to May, 1898, Rev. C. D. Mayhew was pastor, succeeded by Rev Mr. Cohen for five months. Since then the church has been without a pastor.

meeting held March 27, 1 852, in the law office of Barber & Lowry, and the following officers elected: Senior Warden, Nelson Dewey; Junior Warden, William Horner; Vestrymen, John Welsh, Alexander Calder. Samuel Rowden, Andrew Barnett, J. Allen Barber, Dwight T. Parker; treasurer, Dwight T. Parker; secretary, J. Allen Barber. The parish was named "Westwood." The mother of Mrs. Wm. Horner, living in Philadelphia, had given about $600 for the building of a church, but this and what money was raised in Lancaster was not deemed sufficient to build, and the money was loaned for a period of six years.

At a meeting held August 2, 1858, it was decided to build, the society then having $954.32 on hand. A building committee consist¬ ing of J. Allen Barber, Samuel Rowden, and Alexander Calder, was appointed. Previous to the building of the church services bad been held in the school-house, Rev. Ebenezer Williams, of Wingville, officiating.

In May, 1865, the parish was reorganized and renamed "Eman¬ uel," and the following officers elected: wardens, H. B. Fisher and Richard Meyer; vestrymen, Thomas Langridge, J. Thornton, J. F. Rhodes, Samuel F. Clise, Wm. Carter, Sr., Wm. P. Dewey, J. H. Hyde, and Allen R. Bushnell. Rev. Charles H. Rice was the rector. In 1866 Rev. Francis Moore became rector, remaining till October, 1868. The church then remained without a rector until October, 1872, when Mr. Moore returned and remained until June 15, 1873. The parish then remained without a rector until October, 1875, when Rev. S. S. Bur¬ leson took charge and remained until the spring of 1880. Rev. Lewis Clark took charge of the parish August 15, 1880, and remained until 1885, when he was followed by Rev. S. D. Pulford, who remained until 1890, and was succeeded by Dr. S. C. Thrall, who remained one year. Rev. H. H. Van Dusen had charge a few months in 1892. Rev. B. F. Benstead, was rector from 1893 to 1894. Dr. E. E. Edwards, was rector from 1895 to 1899. Rev. Randolph Stahley, was here five months, in 1899. Rev. George T. Potter, who is at present in charge, came December 10, 1899.

St. Clement's Catholic Church. - This was originally a mission of the Potosi parish. Mass was said at the houses of John J. Ertz and Nicholas Wisbaum, on Pigeon. In 1851 a small chapel of rough boards was built a mile north and a quarter of a mile west of Hurri¬ cane Corners, and called St. Ambrose Chapel. Mass was first said in

In 1859, a commodious stone church was erected on the northwest corner of Cherry and Jefferson Streets, through the labors of Rev. Father Gibson, of Potosi. The first resident pastor was Rev. Father Thomas Hodnett, who came in 1870 and remained until October, 1873, when he was succeeded by Rev. Father R. J. Scott, who was succeeded in 1876 by Rev. Father Hugo Victor, who remained until April, 10, 1877, when he wasfollowed by Rev. Father Peter Schweiger. In May, 1885, Rev. Father L. Barth came, and under his charge a magnificent brick edifice 50X90 was erected on the comer of Washing¬ ton and Cherry Streets. The comer-stone was laid June 2, 1886, with appropriate ceremonies. Vicar-General Batz of Milwaukee delivered the address, to an audience of at least twelve hundred. The work of building was pushed with such vigor that it was completed in Decem¬ ber of that year. It cost $11,000. A fine and commodious brick par¬ sonage just north of the church was built in 1893. A parish schoolhouse, close to the western end of the church, was built in 1889.

In May, 1888, Rev. Father J. H. Niehaus took charge, and was followed by Rev. L. Kaluza,in September, 1892, and he by the present incumbent, Rev. Father August Albers in July, 1893.

German Evangelical Church. - This society was organized Febru¬ ary 15, 1877, by Rev. George Hirtz, of Milwaukee, with George Muesse as secretary and Louis Alt treasurer. In the summer of 1878 a small frame church building 22X40 was built on the corner of Mad¬ ison and Oak Streets. This served as a place of worship until 1895, when a fine brick church, 36X60 was built on the site of the old one at a cost of $3,460. A school building is attached to the rear of the church. A parochial school of from twelve to twenty pupils is main¬ tained. Rev. George Hirtz was the first minister. He was succeeded in 1885 by Rudolf Rami, and he in 1 889 by Rev. Enoch Nabholz, who still remains.

German Presbyterian Church. - This society was organized May 13, 1883. In the summer of 1884 a church was erected on the north¬ east corner of Jefferson and Oak Streets. It is a frame building 26X- 40 and cost $1,000. In 1891 a parsonage was built near the church. The cost of the building and lots was $1,200. The officers of the church are: Elders, Henry 0. Wagner aud Titus A. Wagner; trustees, Wm. Lorenz, Theo. Schuett, Fred Diesel. Rev. J. A. Ringold has been the pastor ever since the organization of the church.

Mississippi Valley Lodge , No. 86, 1. O. O. F. - This lodge was in¬ stituted November 28, 1855, by J. W. VanOrman, District Deputy Grand Master, with the following charter members : C. S. Babcock, G. W. Ryland, Richard Drane, John Pepper, Joel Manning. A. H. Wal¬ ters was initiated the same evening and appointed Chaplain. Bab¬ cock was elected and installed N. G.; Ryland, V. G.; Drane, R. Sec.; Pepper, Per. Sec., and Manning, Treasurer. Later the name of John Alcorn was substituted for that of Babcock, expelled. The lodge in¬ creased in membership so that in 1862 if had thirty-eight members. As many, of the members enlisted during the war, the lodge almost suspended, but after the war revived and increased so that by 1880 132 members had been received into the lodge. Mr. Ryland is the only charter member remaining. The present officers are: M. F. Philbrick,

Hoffhung Lodge, No. 162, I. O. O. F. - The history of this lodge, as written by Anton Schmitt, in 1879, is as follows: "On the 26th of April, 1869, three members of Mississippi 'Valley Lodge, No. 86, I. 0.

O. F., J. A. Boerner, Charles Heinze. and Anton Schmitt, went to Du¬ buque to take part in the celebration of the fiftieth anhiversary of the order. On their return home, being inspired by the grandeur of the celebration, and seeing that the Germans of the order took a promin¬ ent part in carrying out the programme, they resolved to make an effort to promote the order and start a German lodge in Lancaster to give the Germans of Grant County a chance to join the order and work in their own language. The three brothers above named were soon followed by Joseph Nathan, Jacob Nathan, and Louis Gelbach, also members of Mississippi Valley Lodge, to carry out their intention. These six withdrew from their lodge and as charter members, under a dispensation from the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin, instituted Hoffnung Lodge, No. 172, November 4, 1869. The name of the lodge (Hope) was chosen because they had nothing in sight to encourage their un¬ dertaking but the hope that good men would join them. The charter was granted January 20, 1870, and on the first of April in that year the lodge had thirteen members and $25.15 in the treasury. July 1, 1879, the lodge had had eighty-nine members, eight of whom were admitted by card. During the existence of the lodge eight members have withdrawn by card, one has died, and sixteen have left the lodge otherwise, so that the lodge at present has sixty-three members in good standing. The degree of Rebekah was conferred on thirty-four sisters." The lodge was consolidated with Mississippi Valley Lodge in 1893.

Sylvan Camp , No. ?5, M. W. of A. - Was organized January 15, 1885, with the following officers. Wm. E. Webb, V. C.; F. W. Strong, W. A.; Wm. F. McGonigal, Clerk; F. W. Bryan, Banker,; J. S. Wright, Escort; Dr. F. E. Strong, Physician; Ed Streeter, Watchman; W. L. McCord, Sentry ; Andrew Walker, R. B. Gillespie, C. W. Hill, Mana¬ gers. The present officers are : E. B. Good sell, V. C.; W. C. Woodhouse, W. A.; C. H. Bastord, Banker; Wm. E. Webb, Clerk; Albert Budworth, Escort ; John Ferguson, Watchman; W. W. Ritchie, Sen¬ try ; Dr. J. A. Gault, Physician ; W. J. Weir, Louis Fischer, A. J. Weedenbeck. Managers.

Grant County Herald. - The first number of this paper was issued March 18, 1843, from the historic old Boyce cabin, which was the home of the paper for a considerable period The press and type were bought in Dubuque by J. Allen Barber, Nelson Dewey, and Daniel Banfill. Lenhart 0. Shrader was the editor and C. Mallett and Thomas Keeling the printers. It was a five-column folio at first, but with No. 31 was enlarged to a six-column folio. The first number contained a rather timid article oo the division of the county, which has been quoted on page 165 ; a column of poetry ; a snake story ; another short story; a column of agricultural matter; two columns of foreign and general news ; a long contributed article against division of the county ; a long article on the Lake Superior copper mines, and a long article on the Polish revolution of 1830 - not a line of local news. The only business advertisements were the card of Barber & Dewey, attor¬ neys, a two-inch advertisement of J. M. Otis's store, a four-line adver¬ tisement of D. A. McKenzie's store in Potosi, and four legal advertise¬ ments. These were the entire contents of the paper. The advertise¬ ments of the Mcond number were, besides those in the first number, those of S. & M. Langworthy and Lewis & Woolfolk, merchants, and C. K. Lord, attorney, all of Potosi. Lancaster business men seemed shy of the new paper. It soon did a good business in legal "ads," as in the ninth number there were twenty-six bankrupt notices. The pa- per at first belonged to a stock company composed of the men named as purchasers of the material and G, M. Price, Orris McCartney, and J. H. Rountree. It was soon transferred to C. Mallett & Co., who were permitted to pay for it in advertising. H. A. Wiltse became ed¬ itor of tbe paper and it was soon a bright local paper. It paid es¬ pecial attention to mining matters in the county. It is interesting to contrast the papers of Lancaster, Platteville, and Potosi in the forties - full of interesting local matter - with other country papers of that time, which almost ignored the localities in which they were printed.

Very soon after the Herald started there began to appear in it paragraphs and articles signed "J. T. M.," initials long afterward fa¬ miliar. These articles were bright and keen and were eagerly read. The long articles ranged over every possible subject - especially new ones. Fourierism, freesoilism, spiritualism, mesmerism, and many an¬ other ism was treated of in the inimitable Mills style. When the sub¬ ject was too new for Mills to have investigated it "on the external plane," he could evolve from his inner consciousness a theory that was very readable if not entirely reliable.

With No. 31 the paper was enlarged and the name changed to The Wisconsin Herald and Grant County Advertiser. Such double titles were then quite common. These changes were made by J. D. Spalding, then the publisher. Thomas A. Springer was also publisher for a short time in 1845. James M. Goodhue came to Lancaster January 1, 1844, as District Attorney, and immediately began to write para¬ graphs for the Herald signed " G." In Aqgust, 1845, he became editor and associate publisher, and with Vol. Ill, No. 32, J. D. Spalding with¬ drew, leaving Goodhue sole publisher. He soon acquired an editorial reputation far beyond the bounds of the county. He was a slashing writer, a master of invective, which he used unsparingly and excess¬ ively. The paper cast off neutrality and timidity and became a strong Whig organ. Goodhue was particularly seyere on the promoters of county division. He wrote and published in the Herald Struck a Lead; a Tale of the Lead Mines, which created great interest at the time and has been more than once republished. Although it contains some interesting pictures of early tinges and sketches of frontier char¬ acters, it has no literary merit as a novel, and cannot correctly be called a tale, as the random sketches are very loosely strung together on a thread of narrative. The author could tell what he saw and knew in an interesting manner, but he seemed not very well informed in matters of every-day life. He represents his villain smelter as sell¬ ing to dealers a great many pigs of slag veneered with lead ; but slag is only about one-fourth the weight of lead, and the most careless la¬ borer could not be deceived by a pig of slag. It is also related that Goodhue undertook to mix some sand and quicklime with his naked hands, not knowing it would take the skin off. A county officer of the time, also a Whig, wrote: "That Goodhue is a quarrelsome fellow and a few thrashings would do him good." But if country editors were thrashed every time some of their constituents thought it would do them good, they would soon be a badly battered lot. While editor of the Herald Goodhue ran for Probate Judge on the Whig ticket. Al¬ though he had been elected when he was a lawyer, and although his party carried the county, he was badly beaten by Hugh R. Colter, an independent candidate. But that has been the usual fate of editors who have run for county offices in Grant County. Four or five of them have been thus beaten. True, some of the brotherhood have been elected to town offices, and J. W. Seaton, when an editor, to three of them at once, but we are speaking of county offices. In the spring of 1849 Goodhue shipped the old press to St. Paul, where he founded the Pioneer . It is a good illustration of the changes time has wrought : Lancaster shipping its old hand-press to the nascent village of St. Paul ! Something like Chicago playing second to Galena.

Goodhue was succeded in Lancaster by J. L. Marsh. The new publisher had had considerable experience as publisher of the Independ¬ ent American at Platteville, and, as there will be occasion to remark in describing that paper, his instincts were commercial rather than political, and cautious rather than audacious. There were no more slashing editorials, but the Herald continued to be a good local paper. In 1851 Marsh withdrew -from the Herald, went to Platte* ville and resurrected the suspended American, published it a few years and then went to Sheboygan, purchased the Herald of that place and long con tinued to publish it.

Cover & Shrader took up the publication ot the Herald June 19, 1851. The subscription list then contained 261 names, but owing to Cover's well-known abolition sentiments, the list dwindled to forty names. But Cover's zeal, energy, and talent triumphed ; new friends rallied to his support. " Fortune favors the brave" sometimes, and it favored Cover. The time was ripe for the foundation of a powerful anti-slavery party, and nowhere else in the United States was there better material tor such a party than in Old Grant. The Whig party took itself out of the way soon after its disastrous defeat of 1852, and in the fall of 1853 the Repub¬ lican party was organized in Grant County. Cover was the master-spirit of the organization, ably aided by J.

Allen Barber and J. G. ClarK. Judge Mills was at first too radical an abo¬ litionist to join a party organized for the purpose of fighting merely the ex¬ tension of slavery; but be soon came in, with his faithful lieutenant Stephen Mahood. The new party swept the county in 1854, and Cover and his Herald rode on the top of the wave of popularity. The paper became a household necessity in all parts of the county. But Cover weaned of the I. c. covbr.

burden, and on New Year's Day, 1869, the publication was transferred to his oldest son, John Cover, though be continued to write editorials for it for some time. The size of the paper was increased occasionally till it became a nine-column folio. Prom July, 1858, to July, 1859, N.

C. Goldsmith was a partner of Cover in the publication of the Herald, but editorially confined his writings to horticulture, he being a nurs¬ eryman.

John Cover continued as sole publisher and editor of the paper till the beginning of 1877, when Edward Pollock became a partner, and at the beginning of 1878 Mr. Cover withdrew, leaving Mr. Pollock sole proprietor, and the latter continued as such and as editor of the paper until January 1, 1881, when he sold the paper to Joseph Cover, son of J. C. Cover, and H. D. Parquharson, familiarly called "Cap Ferg," who had once been foreman of the Herald and was a first-class printer. Cover soon withdrew and Farquharson continued the publi¬ cation with George P. Mathes as editor, until January 1, 1885, when Walter G. Chandler bought the paper. On May 16, 1886, was begun a semi-weekly edition : that is, a five-column paper was isssued on Mondays in addition to the nine-column paper on Thursdays. This was continued a little more than a year and then abandoned. Wm. B. Miner, purchased the paper July 13, 1888, and continued to run it till June 15, 1892, he sold it to Charles L. Harper, who had long been County Superintendent. Mr. Harper published the paper till Janu¬ ary 1, 1895, when he sold it to Clyde R. Showalter, who sold it to H. J. Johnson in April, 1900.

When Mr. Chandler purchased the paper he removed the office from Ryland's Block, which had been its home for fifteen years, to the Budd Block, where it remained until that building was burned in 1888. The office was then removed to the old stone church, and after two or three more moves, now rests in a building on the west side of the pub¬ lic square. For about ten years it has been most of the time printed as a six-column quarto.

The Grant County Democrat. - After the suspension of the Potosi Republican in 1855, the Democrats of Grant County were left without a county organ for fifteen years. They wanted one and it was thought they would support one, and during the campaign of 1870 Thos. W. Bishop, moved the material of his paper, the Boscobel Dial, to Lancaster. He shortly afterward took in as a partner Robert B. Rice, and started the Democrat. The Democrat was a seven-column paper, printed on a band-press in the third story of the Horstman Block on Maple Street. Bishop soon withdrew. Robert B. Rice was a good printer and a writer of fair ability, but financially he was a combina- tion of Micawber and Harold Skimpole, and in the latter part of 1872 the paper ceased to be issued. Rice then worked for a while on the Herald , and afterward as editor of the Boscobel Dial. His subsequent experience in starting newspapers and running them for brief periods on promises to pay would take a volume to describe. The better part of the type was taken by the publisher of the West Grant Advocate in payment of his wages as a printer on the Democrat - one of the very few bills contracted in the publication of the Democrat which were paid.

The Grant County Advocate. - In October, 1874, the West Grant Advocate was removed from Bloomington and on October 14 the first n amber of the Grant County Advocate was issued from its office in Budd's Block. The transfer was made without missing an issue. The publishers were C. N. Holford and P. Bartley. With the change of lo¬ cation the politics of the paper was changed from independent to Dem¬ ocratic. On January 20, 1875, Augustus Reifsteck was taken in as a partner, and the firm was styled the "Advocate Publishing Com¬ pany." With the issue of May 19, 1875, C. N. Holford and P. Bart¬ ley withdrew. The former was not a Democrat and neither of them approved the financial measures Mr. Reifsteck was bent on adopting. Reifsteck also wanted to publish a Democratic paper and support the financial policy of the Republican party, something which could be done in New York, but not in Wisconsin. Reifsteck was a brilliant paragraph and local writer and made an excellent local paper, but he knew nothing of the economies necessary in running a country paper. Everything was done " regardless of expense." Of course, the estab¬ lishment was soon hopelessly in debt, and on January 1, 1878, the office was closed by foreclosure of several mortgages. A half sheet was issued from another office the next week, and the Advocate was no more. The proprietor had purchased a fine power-press, with much new type, and enlarged the paper to a six-column folio. The publisher knew how to make a good paper and if he had had unlim¬ ited resources he would have made one. Though he knew what work was necessary to make a good paper, and could write an interesting local ; make unlimited "copy " out of the scantiest and most unprom¬ ising materials, and get off stinging and caustic paragraphs on polit¬ ical subjects, he could not or would not write a political "leader" or editorial requiring the marshaling of arguments and the application of facts in reasoning. He always employed someone to write his edi- torials or took them from the papers of his favorite "Big Four," Whitelaw Reid, Henry Watterson, Sam Bowles, and Murat Halstead. His admiration of Whitelaw Reid was so great that he even imitated him in dress. After a further short editorial experience in the Gazette at Lancaster, he wandered all over the United States, from the At¬ lantic to the Pacific, and from Florida to the Dakotas, writing num¬ erous voluminous and interesting letters to papers in several States, especially the Teller of Lancaster. His letters were curious medleys of everything under the sun, from poetry to statistics of raw hides, and a critique of the last new novel to a description of a big irrigating ditch. His brilliant talents as a writer were always exerted as an amateur, and he did not profit by them professionally. In business he was a hotel clerk, druggist, paint-seller, and what not. His last newspaper work was done as a reporter of the proceedings of the Wisconsin legislature in the winter of 1889. He died of consumption in the spring of that year at a hospital in Dubuque. If with his brilliant talents and ex¬ quisite tastes he had had a fortune, he might have lived a long and happy life. He was born in the town of Hazel Green or Jamestown and educated at the Platteville Academy and Normal School. In later years Mr. Reifsteck changed his name to Fred A, Hess, as he said in re¬ gard for his mother, who had no male relatives to perpetuate her name.

The Grant County Argus. - The first number of this paper was issued from its office in Budd's Block, July 31, 1876, by C. N. Holford, who had until then been foreman of the Advocate since he had with¬ drawn from its publication. It was at first a seven-column folio, but was soon changed to a six-column quarto. It earnestly supported Hayes for the presidency and the Republican candidates generally, but bolted the nomination of George C. Hazelton and fought him vig¬ orously to the end. The editor vranted the truth and believed the old motto that the truth is generally found in the mean between two extremes ; but he also experienced that whoever goes in there to find it is pelted with mud (not to mention more solid missiles) from both sides. His creed was expressed in these lines from a New Year's ad¬ dress which he wrote :

Though a Republican on all the issues which in the sixties divided the Republican party from the Democratic, the editor was utterly op¬ posed to the financial policy which the Republican party adopted in 1877, in direct contradiction to the position of such Republican lead¬ ers as Logan, Sherman, and O. P. Morton in the sixties, and he sup¬ ported the Greenback ticket in 1877. In March, 1878, Holford sold the Argus to Reifsteck & Martin, who immediately changed the name to the Gazette and removed the office to s room over James A. Jones's drugstore. A. Reifsteck soon withdrew and Martin continued the publication alone until January 1, 1880, when he removed the press and type to Prairie du Chien, and the Grant County Gazette ceased to be.

The Teller. - This paper began its existence with the New Year of 1883, with Edward Pollock as editor and publisher. The office was and has always been in Clark's Block on the northwest corner of Ma¬ ple and Jefferson Streets. The editor had had long experience in the newspaper business on the Herald dating back to ante-bellum times, and on other papers, and knew just what was necessary to make a good county newspaper, and had also the advantage of a thorough acquaintance with the county and its people, having lived in it from early boyhood. Being, as Fred A. Hess aptly put it, "one of the few country editors who know and can tell what they know " in vigorous and incisive English, he was well fitted for the arduous task before him of running an independent county paper. The Teller has been Re¬ publican in principle, though often opposing Republican candidates whom the editor declared not good men for the place. As the editor has been entirely fearless in his attacks on men and measures, the path of the Teller has not been a peaceful one, though its annals have, for seventeen years of its existence, been entirely uneventful in the way of changes of publishers and locations.

The Lancaster Reporter, an independent paper, was started by W. E. Howe, July 1, 1895. It was published for about two years by Howe himself, and then he turned it over to other parties, and after changing managers several times, the paper was discontinued Janu¬ ary 1, 1899.

Fire Department

At a meeting held November 11, 1889, for the purpose of organiz¬ ing a fire department for the city, the following officers were elected : John Stephens, chief; John M. Hurley, assistant chief; Richard Meyer, Jr., treasurer; Aug. Michaelis, secretary. The present officers are : Al¬ bert Budworth chief; Reuben Trensch, assistant chief. The Hook and Ladder Company has a truck and the following officers : George Holmes, foreman ; Bert Angus assistant foreman ; H. G. Nathan, treas¬ urer ; George Marks, secretary. The Hose Company has three hose carts and 1,600 feet of hose. John Pendleton is foreman. There is a chemical engine and a pump engine, but they are not used where water can be had from the waterworks.

Hurricane

This settlement had its origin almost contemporaneously with the first settlement of Lancaster village. It lies mostly in the southwest¬ ern corner of the town of Lancaster, bu$ portions of it extend into the towns of Beetown and Potosi. This was one of the few localities in Grant County which were heavily timbered three-quarters of a century ago, and the immigrants from the forests of the East and South prob¬ ably felt more at home there than on the prairies. A cyclone at some unknown date had overturned many of the trees, and from this cir¬ cumstance the settlement received its name. The earliest comers were the Bonhams. A writer in the Herald thus speaks of them and those other early settlers, the Kilbys :

"The Bonhams, bringing with them their aged father and mother, came, some of them, as early as 1834-35. There were five brothers, James, Joseph, Harvey, Francis, and Martin. Some of them were re- markable for strength of character and individuality. Martin, the youngest, owned in the Hurricane a fine farm. Ambitioos and adven¬ turous by nature, he concluded to found a city on the bank of the Mis¬ sissippi, which at that time appeared predestined to be the great commercial highway of the West for all time. Not even bis indomit¬ able energy could prevail against the combined decrees of commerce and nature. Sickness in his family, the death of his wife, and finally bis own death early in the fifties, ended the scheme, and Martin and his wife, along with the old father and mother, sleep in a lonely coun¬ try grave-yard in east Hurricane. He who threads the tortuous cur¬ rent of the Mississippi, looking toward the Iowa shore some miles below Cassville, sees a small cluster of buildings, I think called Wahpeton, locally known as ' Wappytown,' where Martin Bonham lived, dreamed, and died.

"James Bonham once owned a farm just north of Lancaster, and afterward removed to the Hurricane and was known for many years as 4 'Squire ' Bonham. Some of the since noted legal lights of Grant County were glad to be called to practise in his court. In his old age he went to Kansas, where he died. Two of his sons, Frank and L. M. Bonham, still reside in Grant County, in or near Beetown.

"Francis Bonham, whom all knew as 'Uncle Frank,' died in Grant County a few years ago, feeble and bent in mind and body by many years of honest industry and useful toil.

"Joseph Bonham, whom all citizens of Hurricane knew as 'Uncle Joe,' spent a long life there. He was a man of numerous rare quali¬ ties, upright and of stern and uncompromising morality. And his wife, good old 'Aunt Leah,' whose warm and kindly heart beat with love for all humanity, and whose feet but lately trod the dark Valley of the Shadow. John Bonham, lately of Bloomington, A. G. (Grant) Bonham, of Hurricane, and Mrs. Muldoon, of Beetown, are members of the large family of Uncle Joe and Aunt Leah.

'"Unde Harvey' Bonham went to California early in the sixties, and died there a good many years ago. The sturdy and sterling qual¬ ities of his character well fitted him for the life of a pioneer.

" 'Uncle Edins ' Kilby (we called all those men Unde, and so they seemed to us) was a character familiar to all the old-timers of Hurri¬ cane, and none of them but remembers him. A lady of Bloomington a year or two ago told me that many of the bright memories of her youth clustered around the Sunday school in the old log school-house in Hurricane where for so many years Uncle Edins held it under his care. Said she, ' I so well remember him as he would come smiling among us children many a Sunday morning with a capacious hand¬ kerchief filled with big red apples.'"

J. Allen Coombs, the son of another old settler of Hurricane, and a gifted writer, both in prose and verse, contributed the following to be read at a meeting of the Old Settlers' Club :

" The first school-house built in the Hurricane was a small, rude log building a short distance south of the Corners, on the west side of the road. Matteson P. Smith there taught the first school ever opened in this locality. Hie house was built by interested citizens each con¬ tributing a log. It was short-lived ; the settlers awoke one morning to find it a heap of smoking embers. The stove and school-books had been carefully placed out of the reach of the flames, but the first school-house of Hurricane had vanished. The next school-house stood half a mile west of the Corners on the farm of Edins Kilby. Many of the present citizens of Hurricane received a part of their education at this humble temple of learning. It was the scene of many a religious gathering and many a rousing camp-meeting was held in the grove near by. At one time or another nearly all the early preachers of the county preached within its walls. I fancy there are very few who lived there in those days but will associate Edins Kilby with their memories of that old school-house. For many years, when the weather would permit, every Sunday morning saw him at his post as superin¬ tendent of the Sunday school, directing in an humble but sincere way, always working for the right as God gave him to see the right..

"Of the men who, as heads of families, settled first in Hurricane, only Ruell Morrell is left [in 1885]. The widow of Edins Kilby still lives on the old homestead. The widow of Edward P. Coombs died in March, 1884. The widow of Joseph Bonham lives with her son, A. G. Bonham, in Hurricane. A year ago she told me of an old-time beehunt of her husband and one Fitzgerald in the Hurricane woods. The result was eighty gallons of strained honey. Think of that, ye sons of these degenerate days, who count sorghum molasses a luxury, or perhaps anoint your breakfast cakes with a compound of starch and sulphuric acid known in commerce as 'golden drips.' " years, died at the poor-farm of Grant County in 1885. According to the memory of others, the first school in the settlement was taught in the winter of 1836-37 by Darius Bainbridge, a Baptist preacher. Mr. Bainbridge went to Kansas and died there several years ago. It is rather probable that those who settled here in 1836 did not wait until 1839 to have a school. A school was taught in a log cabin about forty rods from the Corners in the summer of 1843 by Miss Susannah Durley, of Platteville, and in the winter of 1843-44 by Mr. Zimmer¬ man. The house was burned in the spring of 1844 and the following winter term was taught in a private house at the Corners by Jason Lothrop.

Mrs. Leah Bonham, (a£e Ford) wife of Joseph Bonham, died at the Hurricane April 12, 1891, aged 87 years. She was born near Knoxville, Tennessee, and emigrated with her parents to Missouri in 1817, going down the Tenneesee River in a flat-boat, exposed to the perils of navigation on the water and of the Indians on land. She and her husband came to Galena in 1827, to Sbullsburg in 1834, and to the Hurricane in 1836. "Uncle Joe" died in 1880, aged 79.

Samuel B. Keene came to the Hurricane in 1837. His son, Henry S., then one year old, grew up there and became one of the legislators of the State, dying at Seattle, Washington, in 1898. The father died at his old home in 1880, aged 83. In 1840 Russell Cardy came and settled in the southern part of the settlement in the town of Potosi, and lived there till his death in 1892, aged 75 years. Another one of the earliest residents in the Potosi part of Hurricane was Andrew Hogle. who carried the mail on horseback over the route from Galena to Prairie du Chien. He contributed several daughters to Grant County's then very scanty stock of marriageable maidens - among them Mrs. A. W.Vedder, Mrs. Levi Crow. Mrs. Josephus Duncan, and Mrs. Michael Crouch. He is (or was recently) living in Iowa with one of his children.

Another of the early settlers in Potosi-Hurricane was James Groshong, whose daughter Susan was married to Henry W. Hodges at the Hurricane in 1836. She died near Lancaster in 1888. Thomas Shanley, who came to the county in 1826, and settled between Lan¬ caster and Hurricane in 1831, died March 19, 1875.

Edward P. Coombs cafne to the Hurricane in 1834, entering-land on Section 29, and returning in the fall to the East for his family. He was both a blacksmith and a carpenter, and was very "handy" in making furniture, and was therefore a very useful man in the com¬ munity. Alanson and Ruel Morrell came about 1836. The former died at the home of his son-in-law in Lancaster in 1895, aged 88.

The Wise family were among the early settlers. P V. Wise, the eldest son, became a teacher and lawyer. He taught in Beetown about 1852 and old settlers remember him on account of a fracas with one of his pupils, a sturdy German boy, who is now one of the gray¬ headed old settlers. He also suffered another mishap from his mis¬ chievous pupils. While coming to the school-house in a pair of very soft, thin-soled shoes called " pumps/' he came to an old hat in the path. He gave it a vigorous kick and discovered to his great grief that it contained a large stone. In 1860 he was a rabid secession Democrat and went to Memphis, Tennessee, to live. As a Northerner he became a "suspect" and was given his choice to enlist in a Rebel company or "pull hemp." He managed to escape, and experienced such a revulsion of feeling that he enlisted and reenlisted in the Union army and fought through the war. He is (or was recently) living at St. Joseph, Missouri, and doing a large pension business.

In 1840 the school at Hurricane was taught by J. P. Hubbard, afterward County Superintendent of Schools. Oliver P. Gardner came in 1837, and died there March 2, 1882, aged 82. Kellogg Taylor came in 1838, and William Harper in 1836. Caleb Taylor came to Potosi-Hurricane in 1836 and married Nancy, one of the daughters of Edward P. Coombs. He died September 20, 1887, aged 68. Orlington. P. Stone came in 1841, from Missouri, and John M. Segraves in 1842. The latter afterward lived in Beetown. Conrad Napp, a Ger¬ man, came in 1846. He was the leader in organizing the German Presbyterian Church society, which held its first meeting at the house of Daniel Garner, on Boice Prairie, in the summer of 1858. Rev. Jacob Liesveldt was the preacher. John Duncan came in 1845. He died at Lancaster in 1896.

During the whole territorial period the Hurricane was a precinct of the county. Among the justices of the precinct were : 1843, Ruel Morrell and James Bonham ; 1844, Alanson Morrell and James Bon¬ ham ; in 1 846, Slade Hammond, Elijah Hampton, James Bonham.

Although the Hurricane was thus early a settlement, it never be¬ came a village. It has long had a post-office ; it has generally had a store and a blacksmith shop. In the last sixty years the store has been in various hands: Thomas Chandler, John J. Kilby, Wm. Long-

The Townsend Homicide. - This tragedy (whether, crime or acci¬ dent) occurred September 21, 1885. Mark Townsend, a young farm? er, who had formerly taught school, shot and killed his wife Esther with a revolver, the ball passing through her head. He claimed that the shooting was accidental, the pistol being discharged while he was cleaning it. Although some of the neighbors thought the killing was intentional, the coroner's jury did not impute guilt to him, and he was not then tried. He soon went away to Indiana to school, and those who thought him guilty were safe he had got rid of his wife that he might go to school. The neighborhood was divided into two fac¬ tions : one, headed by Henry S. Keene, asserted Townsend's guilt; the other, headed by J. Allen Coombs, held him innocent. Townsend after¬ ward went to Oregon, while Keene went to a place in Washington not far away. Townsend married again, and had trouble with his wife, and especially her parents. They heard of the killing of his first wife, and, aided by Keene, gathered information on which Townsend was arrested and brought to Grant County for trial. He was tried in the spring of 1897 at a special session of the circuit court. To the sur¬ prise of most people who knew of the circumstances, he was convicted of manslaughter in the fourth degree. The jury evidently held the kill¬ ing to be accidental, but occasioned by carelessness so gross as to be criminal.

The Grand Army In Lancaster

Tom Cox Post , No. 132, Dept, of Wis., G. A. R. - The present offi¬ cers are: John G. Harshberger, Commander; C. H. Angus, S. V.; John T. Taylor, J. V.; Alex. Ivey, Q. M.; George E. Budd, Adjutant; James Woodhouse, Chaplain, T. D. Goodrich, Surgeon; E. S. Walker, 0. D.; J. W. Miles, CLG.; R.B. Showalter, Sergt. -Major ; A. C. Morse, Q.M.S.