Iowa County, Wisconsin - Chapter 17: Towns and Villages, 1881 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter 17: Towns and Villages

Town of Mineral Point - Town of Dodcjeville - Town of Arena - Old Arena - New Arema - Helena Station - Town of Clyde - Town of Eden - Eden Village - Town of Highland Centreville - Village of Highland.

town of mineral point, one of the southern tier of towns, is bounded on the north by Dodgeville Town ; on the east by Walwick ; on the south by La Fayette County, and on the west by town of Linden. It is irregularly surveyed, and laid out in sixty-two sections, and contains a total of 39,680 acres, 8,220 of which are prairie. The town is well watered by the Pecatonica River, which enters at the northwest corner, and, coursing south along the west town line, crosses into La Fayette County, through Section 14; by the Mineral Point Branch, Rock Creek, .^pensley's Branch and other tributaries. The country, which in early days is represented to have been almost mountainous, has been toned down, as it were, by the advance of civilization. In times when the pioneer first made his advent into the present town, jagged peaks and high ridges greeted his admiring gaze. Their bases were covered with forest trees and low underbrush, affording retreats for wild animals still infesting the country, while their tops, usually bare of vegetation, were crowned with rocks, presenting to some unmistakable evidence that this section was once the scene of some convulsion of nature, to which was probabiy due the existence of rich mines of ore and other minerals which abounded in apparently inexhaustible quantities.

Prior to the settlement of the lead mines, miners were persuaded to explore and occupy the mineral lands, and were ready at all times to repel invasion or retreat from attack. When peace was concluded at the Portage between the whites and Winnebagoes, however, a number of the more daring and enterprising of these soldiers of fortune, prompted by the desire to participate in rich "finds" alleged as existing throughout the lead region, began prospecting and doubtless included the present town of Mineral Point in their canvass. But they have left no guide-board on the highway of time by which their names, their heroism and their success could be perpetuated, hence they must be passed over with brief reference. The early settlement of the town was made at the point now known as Mineral Point City, which has been elaborately treated in another portion of this work. They came hither eloquent with hope and happiness. Few of them remain, but many a time, doubtless, has the spirit form of the pioneer risen before the eyes of bustling generations in all the beauty of that far-oif land they see so dimly, but will, if hopes and prayers are answered, be revealed unto them when that thing called life is merged into immortality. In this connection the reader will pardon what may seem vain repetition in the statement "that the first permanent settlement in the town, it is said, was made by John Hood. In the spring of 1828, that enterprising explorer left his Missouri home, accompanied by his wife and child, and ventured into the almost undiscovered territory of the present Iowa County, to make a new beginning, build a new home in the wilderness and lay the foundation for a future, against which sorrow and bitterness should not prevail. His first habitation was a cabin made of poles, in which with his family he resided until more luxurious accommodations could be prepared. While thus occupied, on an afternoon in May, the most delightful of seasons, when nature and humanity seem to grow mellow in the sunlight, Mr. Hood was interrupted in his work by the arrival of Nathaniel Morris, who came into the country and handed his name down to posterity as the builder of the first log cabin and discoverer of the first vein of ore in the present town. There were many others who came into the town about this date, but settled in the village, and are mentioned in the chapter devoted to that subject. At this time no attention was paid to agriculture, and settlements were eonfined to the localities where mining was carried on. The population, made up largely of the foreign element, and, by the way the most peaceable, was also made up of individuals from nearly every State in the Union. Some had come hither to escape the penalties imposed for some violation of the laws at home, others came in searcii of adventure, while a majority was attracted by the facility with which wealth was acquired, the excitement or enchantment surrounding all new discoveries, and a desire to escape from the restraints of civilized society. In all portions of the town where mines had been opened, the appearances "f civilization were illusive if not deceitful. The men preponderated, of course, and lived in hastily constructed cabins, half under ground, to be abandoned when a more promising location was found. The rapidity with which these running settlements sprang up was duplicated in California twenty years later. Here they lived and toiled and triumphed, without taking thought for the morrow or the hereafter, the mystery of which has been solved by so many of them since. What cared they for the future, or the flowers that are said to bloom in the fields called the sweet fields of Eden? Whether stirrup, songs and stirrup-cups would be found in the summer lands beyond the Jordan, or whether harps would be put in the hands that had carried cups to lips oftener than plaints to priests or prayers to virgins ? Did any inquire, or care, whether there was aught that would avail to do away the curse, or pay to the uttermost farthing the debt called Nemesis? Who can tell ?

The year 1828 rolled away into the past, leaving the impress of but very few events worthy of reference beyond the fact that emigration tended hitherward without interruption, and before the " melancholy days " had come, the future city, though populous with life and animation, bore no resemblance to the immediate vicinity in that respect. In 1829, in addition to those who made the mining settlements their abiding-places, there were a limited number who took up lands and made the primary attempts at farming undertaken in the town. It might be here observed that the first hotel opened in the county was established in March of this year at the present city. It stood on the corner now occupied by Ivey's meat market and James' harnessshop; Col. Daniel M. Parkinson was the boniface, and, by his efforts and enterprise, contributed largely to the building-up of both Iowa and La Fayette Counties. Among those who are reported to have come into the town in 1829 was Gen. Henry Dodge, who settled on Section 15 and made the first attempts at farming undertaken in the town ; he also became a smelter there, building the third furnace erected in the county. This year also came Garrett D. Pharris, who established himself on Section 9. A Mr. Miller settled east of the village, on the place now occupied by James Aid. Mr. Miller erected the first mill in the county and did a thriving business until facilities and improvements in that behalf were increased with succeeding years. John F. O'Neil came in and occupied land two miles south of the village. Capt. John B. Terry located at Diamond "Grove, where he subsequently built a furnace and engaged extensively in mining and smelting. During this year, large accessions were made to the population of the mining settlements, but few of those who came ventured beyond the charm wrought by mines, leads, levels, drifts and minerals. As a result, while the town, before Winter and his aged locks appeared, contained fully three thousand inhabitants, nearly all of these being residents of Mineral Point Village and the territory immediately contiguous. Indeed, as one of those who came about that time remarked to the writer, it was impossible to state who came into the town that year. There were settlements of insignificant numbers and importance compared with Mineral Point at Dodge's Grove, in the northeast corner of the town ; on the Miller place east of the present city, and Paschal Bequette may have begun the building-up of a colony in the northwest corner of the town ; but beyond these there were no settlements save those at the mines. Excepting an occasional miner's cabin, there is reported to have been no settlement between La Fayette Countv ^nd the city, except Graysville, adjoining the present city, established, it is believed, in 1828 or 1829, by R. W. Gray.

The year 1829 had been one of unexampled prosperity, relates a gentleman who participated in these benefits, but the following year was experienced hardships of the most exacting charac- ter. Business declined. Lead and mineral diminished in value from a remunerative price to almost nothing. Flour was held at very exorbitant rates, as also was pork, coffee, sugar, and all the necessaries of life. These ruinous prices required desperate efforts on the part of all to sustain themselves. In consequence of this monetary stringency, many persons became discouraged and left the country; many gave up business. In brief, the country at that period, and continuing up to the close of the Black Hawk war, presented a gloomy and unpromising appearance that was anything but flattering to inhabitants or strangers.

In 1832, as all are familiar with, the Black Hawk war commenced and was concluded through the efforts of pioneers from the wildernesses of the Northwest, in which representatives from town of Mineral bore an active, onerous and valiant part. Some fell beneath the burthens assumed, but they live in the memory of grateful generations, and their names and prowess adorn the brightest pages of the history of those times. As has already been stated, Fort Jackson was erected within the present city limits. But there were two other forts built in the town - Fort Union at Dodge's Grove, and a stockade at Diamond Grove. Gen. Dodge, John Hood, John F. O'Neil (who served as Captain), Paschal Bequette, Dr. Allen Hill, John McNair and many others went from the town and city, and enjoyed the dignities and emoluments appertaining to " grim-visaged war" with the savages. The war closed without material damage being inflicted upon the town or any part thereof, though the inhabitants were subjected to frequent alarms, that, in the light of subsequent revelations, occasioned no inconsiderable mirth. During the continuance of hostilities, word was carried to the town settlers by Capt. Estes that a force of Indians was making its way toward their homes eager fore gore, and threatening to massacre every white man, woman or child they could overtake. A force was sent out from Fort Defiance and ascertained that this report was a false alarm. Upon this information being communicated to the anxious, expectant victims, apprehension yielded place to confidence in their security, and cheerfulness usurped the place of gloom. After the war, immigration became more numerous, and was made up chiefly of miners, who settled in the lead regions. Among those who came about this time was a colony of hale, hearty, strong muscled and stronger hearted Cornish pick and gad artists, composed in part of John Curthew, William Kendel, William Bennett, Stephen Hoskins, Mark Terrell, Stephen Terrell and some others, who landed at the village of Mineral Point, whence they radiated to various parts of the town and county, and have since been identified with the growth and development of the sections at which they established their several homes. In these parts they wrought and suffered amid the conditions of earth for years, during which period many of them laid up treasures on earth, and many of thetn passed on, leaving no shining train whereby we can conjecture whither. As already stated, agriculture, up to and including this period, and for some years subsequent, was rarely attempted. The cultivation of the soil yielded precedence to the search for wealth beneath its surface; mining was the chiof occupation carried on; and nothing that would even remotely interfere with labors in that direction was thought worthy of consideration. The cause of education and religion remained comparatively uncultivated, though schools had been opened, and " Uncle Billy Roberts " sought to point the way to salvation. From this time to 18-3.5, the country was thickly inhabited by miners and the miscellaneous order of people attracted by the inducements held out for wealth by the mines. In the latter year, the land oflice was opened at Mineral Point, and, in 1836, Territorial government was established. In 1885, the land sales brought large numbers to the town, and many purchases of property within its present limits were made. Dr. John Loofborough settled on Rock Branch, three miles from the city in a southeasterly direction; Washington Oni, east of Mineral Point, on Section 2. and a few others, probably, at points of vantage, who have left no record of their comings and goings to guide one in the search for facts bearing thereon. The year 1836 is remembered as a season of land speculation, which has never been equaled since. Capitalists and agents came hither from all parts of the East, and lands were purchased indiscriminately wherever they could be obtained. A man named "Bronson. from New York, Col. Boyington, from Florida, a Mr. Halsted, from New Jersey, und the thousand and one others, with money in their respective purses and speculation in their individual eyes, made up the com- plement of visitors who flock to newly discovered and reputedly wealthy regions in the hope of amassing fortunes without the exchanges of labor and diligence.

The panic of 1837 seemed to have spent its force before this section of the West had been reached, and, from all accounts, the town was but remotely affected by its visitation. The ensuing ten years were replete with accidents, incidents, failures and successes in the town, but confined, as a rule, to the vicinity of what is now the city of Mineral Point, and are detailed at length under that head. Then, if chroniclers are correct in their reminiscences, the place was a humble, unpretentious village, as compared with what it has since become, the log huts and shanties of residents being ranged along the ravines, but their inhabitants a race of energetic, pushing men, whose actions and appearance imparted an air of prosperity and happiness to the place, which was fully confirmed upon acquaintance. Indeed, the claim was advanced that the township anticipated its neighbors in the number and character of improvements made within its limits, and, in January, 1849, when the county was divided into towns, the arrivals of " prairie schooners " into the town of Mineral Point, laden with settlers and supplies, were as numerous and welcome as vessels at the largest seaports. Farms had by this time been opened. They were limited in number, 'tis true, but carefully cultivated and attended to. Leads bad been " struck " at the surface diggings in Graysville and elsewhere in the town, and a total of five lead furnaces were in successful operation at accessible points within its limits. Mills had also been distributed in convenient localities, and were generously supported by the growing population, and interests in nearly every department of life were consulted and conserved. Schools had '- taken hold" upon the communities, and the growing generations were afforded adequate means for obtaining an elementary and practical education. Churches, too, were patronized and sustained where once they were disregarded, and the teachings of the divine Nazarene were discoursed upon and elaborated where, but a few years previous, they had scai'cely been thought of Such, briefly, was the condition of affairs in the town twenty years after its settlement had been commenced. Thriving merchants, with their ledger-like look, had succeeded to the traders of years before. " Very wise men," with sculptured courtesy in every feature, had familiarized themselves with the political preferences of residents, and were on hand to avail themselves. Educators and moralists were being substituted for the presence of men whose restless eyes, overdress and abundance of jewelry indicated their acquaintance with "short cards," and the advantages to be derived from " four aces." In a word, a higher plane had been reached, and consequent felicity attained. During the progress of the Mexican war, which was at this time (1849) prevailing. Gen. Charles Bracken and John Clowney endeavored to inspire more than a passing patriotism and raise a company of troops for active service. But they failed to arouse enthusiasm or excite ambition for achievements on the field of battle, though there were quite a number, it is claimed, however, who visited the historic coast of Mexico from the town of Mineral Point, and, landing 'neath the shadow of " Orizaba of the clouds," which pierces the blue vault of heaven 16,000 feet from the level of the sea, participated in the struggles for the possession, and finally gained an occupation, of the halls of the Montezumas. But not nearly so many, it would be safe to say, wandered oS" into that wondrous land of romance, where delicious visions of tropic magnificence, which pass over humanity in the dim consciousness of dreams, are realized, as struggled through storm and sunshine, through light and darkness, to search for gold by the side of that tide which rolls onward through the Golden Gate to the Pacific, and found - a grave. Nor yet so many as those upon whom, during that same summer, life's door-way was closed at the beck of the Asiatic cholera, and who were taken into a new life, where the sunshine would ever be undiramed by remembered cares and disappointments. Not less than 250 traveled to California from this town during the excitement consequent upon the discovery of gold in that land of promise. A limited number returned ; a still more limited number succeeded ; and a precious few - how precious no tongue can tell - who went forth exuberant with hopes and joys, were laid to sleep on the banks of the Chagres, to be waked no more.

In 1855, it is stated that the lands within the town were generally owned and occupied. Mining had, in a great measure, become the work of corporations, and very many of the features of life of an early day lived only in memory. Farming was becoming an art, the excellence in which was annually demonstrated in the increased productions of the soil. A railroad had been commenced, and was pushing its way through the town unimpeded, and nature and art seemed to combine for a fruition of the most perfect civilization. During the war against secession, the town provided men and means for its maintenance and support, and lent its best endeavors to the attainment of an honorable conclusion. Since those troublous times, the history of the town has been as the life of an individual. Sorrow and joy have mingled with the experiences of its inhabitants , death has left its damps upon the brow of him who rejoiced in the flush of health and strength when the country was new, has touched the lines of beauty with its bony finger, and an end has come to all perfection and wandering at will among the survivors of a former age, as also among their descendants, has devoted to vacancy what once was filled with eloquent rejoicings. But improvements and advancements have kept pace with the times in which men have lived. Villages and hamlets dot the landscape of this prosperous town. Schools are to be found at every cross-road ; churches raise their steeples and domes to heaven ; fields , of waving grain are to be seen, and the voice of the reapers to be heard, as they were when nature, aided by man, in Mineral Point Town was educated and cared for until it became the patron in place of the dependent. And so it always will be. Man will die, but nature will keep on. The seasons come back at their appointed time ; day returns with its golden splendor and night with its eloquent mystery, all speaking to man of the glory, the beauty and omnipotence of God, not more than of His goodness to the children of men in this favored land.

Town Of Dodgeville

This town, located in the center of the county and its metropolis, the village of Dodgeville being the county seat, is regarded as one of the leading towns in the county. It is bounded the north by Clyde and Wyoming, on the east by Ridgeway, on the south by Waldwick and Mineral Point ; on the west by Eden and Highland. It is irregularly set apart, and contains ninety-four sections of Ranges 2, 3 and -l, and Towns 5 and 6. The surface of the town is quite diversified, being divided into high, rolling prairie, level lowlands, sharp, rocky bluffs, and long ridges and ravines. Along the numerous streams which course the town are narrow valleys of fertile land, smiling among the somber hills upon which they fatten by the aid of nature's perpetual washings. On the tops of the ridges the land is less fertile than in the valleys, but becomes more productive as it approaches the prairie. Some of them are several miles in width, and furnish excellent opportunities for the husbandman. South of the dividing ridge is a belt -of rolling prairie reaching entirely across the town from east to west, and including forty sections, comprising a very productive agricultural district. This prairie abounds in groves of small timber and springs, and owing to its extreme rolling formation, is very picturesque and desirable. All the ridges and untillable land in the town are covered with timber, so that fuel is abundant and cheap, and easy of access to all. The soil is a rich loam, favored everywhere with a clay subsoil, giving security against waste of fertilization.

The town is well watered by numerous springs rising in the prairie, from which several streams are formed, all of which flow northward to the Wisconsin River. These streams vary in size from the rivulet to the large creek, and furnish abundant water-power, much of which has been utilized. The soil is very productive, well wooded and watered ; and, considering all things, the town of Dodgeville offers great inducements to the agriculturist, whether he may prefer grain-growing, stock-raising or dairying as his employment.

But a brief period has elapsed since Wisconsin was peopled by a new and daring race ; a race who sought refuge from the restraints of civilized society, among savage beasts, and among savage men, liable at any moment to meet death in its most appalling forms ; they yet shrunk not from the burdens they had assumed until their efforts were crowned by a glorious and final triumph. And now from the old world and new, a vast tide of emigration swept in upon the immense prairies and mining lands of the West, and the fertile fields of the South, the enterprising and virtuous seeking to improve their condition, the vicious of all grades desiring to escape from the terrors and trammels of the law. Between such opposing interests and passions, collisions were inevitable, and tearful have been some of the deeds that stain the history of these localities.

In every new country there is an era of strife, turbulence and general combat ; a state of nature which is always a state of war ; when sanguinary crimes provoke still more sanguinary punishments. It is peculiar tj no geographical section, but applies with more force to the West and Southwest in the mining regions than elsewhere. Petty villains and criminals have here sought a comparatively secure retreat ; but, happily, in all instances, the phenomenon is of brief duration ; the evil "soon runs its course, and the beautiful spirit of order and progress emerges from the chaos of confusion and blood. While, therefore, we can never sufficiently admire our noble ancestors, who were always ready to sacrifice all for their country's good, we yet dwell with an intense and living interest upon the bold and daring men of a later day who have made " the wilderness to blossom as the rose."

The history of Dodgeville is interesting not only on account of its local importance, but in its relations to the early settlement of the State ; for here was a numerous population before many of the thriving villages and cities of the Badger State were even projected in the mind of man. When this locality was first visited by the whites, it was apparently a derelict region. In the middle of the eighteenth century, however, the Sacs and Foxes had taken possession of it, but they in time gave way to the Winnebagoes, who occupied this territory when pioneer settlers began to invade this region, and it was recognized by the Government as their land in subsequent treaties. By a treaty concluded at Prairie du Chien August 1, 1829, the Winnebagoes ceded to the General Government a tract of land south of the Wisconsin River, which included the present county of Iowa, and opened the way to permanent settlements. Prior to this time, a few of tlie more adventurous pioneers had located in the town of Dodgeville, attracted hither by the exaggerated reports of rich finds among the incipient lead diggings.

The early settlement of the town was made at the site of the present village of Dodgeville, which has been elaborately treated in another portion of this work. The rich deposits of mineral in the vicinity was the loadstone which proved the attraction and incentive to the hardy pioneers to take up their abode in regions remote from civilization, and there to pave the way for future prosperity. For many years mining was the only pursuit, as in those early days it was erroneously supposed that land abounding in such lead deposits would be of no avail for agricultural purposes. Prior to the Black Hawk war there were but few farms.

The first farm in the town was started in the summer of 1828. The enterprising husbandman was James Jenkins. He broke about ten acres on Sections 16 and 21, the plows used being the old fashioned bar and shield, which followed the four wheels of a wagon. Mr. Jenkins put in a crop of corn and potatoes the first year, and, in 1829, he raised the first wheat in the town. Early in the year 1831, he erected an 18x20-foot log cabin, and during the summer he was joined in the then far-away wilderness by his wife and family from Alabama. He continued to increase his farm year by year, which, with his fostering care, developed into a valuable piece of property, and for many years was the leading farm in the town. Mr. Jenkins was a native of North Carolina, and was about seventy years of age when he first came to Dodgeville. He is said to have been a man of great perseverance, and of a generally very mild disposition. He died in Dodgeville in 1848, and in the following year, as the summer sunshine and the bright budding flowers announced the advent of the month of May, he was joined by his wife in that far off" land we see so dimly, where the troublous vicissitudes and hardships of the pioneer are unknown.

The year 1828 is remembered as being one of general prosperity, but the following year mineral declined in value, and provisions increased in price. Flour could be obtained only at- Galena, and $20 and $25 per barrel was the selling price; potatoes were $1 per bushel, and pork $30 to $35 per barrel. This condition of aff'airs tended to check the tide of immigration, and it was not until the first streaks of light kissed the eastern horizon, announcing the dawn of the year 1830, that the town of Dodgeville renewed its former prosperity. This year was characterized by the arrival into the present limits of the town of large numbers of " Suckers " from Illinois and Missouri, nearly all of whom engaged in mining. Early in 1832, Armsted Floyd opened a small farm of ten acres on Section 20, but, owing to the outbreak of the Black Hawk war in May of that year, he raised no crop until 1833. Floyd came to Shullsburg, La Fayette County in 1828, and to Iowa County in 1829. He first located a small garden patch on the

Van Metre survey, and raised an acre of potatoes in 1829. In 1830, he removed to the town of Linden and broke the farm now owned by Mr. Toay ; here he raised a crop of corn in 1830. In 1831, he located a farm on Section 17, where was located the old Phelps Furnace ; and, in 1832, opened his farm in Section 20. He subsequently sold this place and engaged in mining on the old Fortner Diggings. In the spring of 1840, he purchased an improvement made by Washington Richardson in the northern part of the town, and since known as the Floyd settlement. Here he died several years ago. Among the first to locate in this '' settlement " were W. C. Scott, who cultivated a small farm on Section 20, in 1835; William Smead and G. W. Richardson located on Section 20 in 1838; G. W. Standardt and Robert Shields settled west of Floyd in 1841. The first Scotch families to locate here were James Sillers, who came in 1844, George and William Duncan, Peter Smith, Joseph Turston, William Mcintosh, Robert Kinnear and David Shand.

In 1832, John Messersmith broke and cultivated a farm of forty acres with horses belonging to the Government, which he was then keeping, in the eastern part of the town.

The breaking-out of the Indian war under Black Hawk's leadership suspended all operations, and the scattering settlers enlisted in the defense of their families and their possessions. For three long months the future of Dodgeville seemed hid behind clouds which bore no silvery lining, and anxiously indeed did the pioneers await the golden dawning of a brighter day, when the treaty of peace was declared and the information received that all might return to their deserted claims. Inspired with the confident feeling of safety, the work of developing this nowvaluable territory was resumed.

The Murder of F. S'. Clopton. - In the early mining days, when the '"lead mines " were overrun with a desperate and devil-may-care class of adventurers, life was a source of much anxiety to the more peaceable and well-behaved miners. Crime was rampant, as, owing to the cumbersome nature of the laws, criminals could easily flee the country before the intricate machinery of justice could be brought into action.

The proximity of claims and diggings were, in many instances, fraught with peril, as the turbulent classes never hesitated for a moment to forsake a barren lead, and, by force of intimidation, dispossess the claimants of more profitable land. In 1829, a case of this nature occurred, resulting in the murder of a miner and the subsequent conviction of his assassin. Two brothers, named James and Robert Duncan, were working a lead on the road running from Galena to Mineral Point, near the State line. Their labors did not prove prosperous, in strong contradistinction with the efforts of a neighbor, F. S. Clopton, whose contiguous claim afforded a reasonablereturn for the toil expended. He daily waxed more indignant at his own impoverishment, amJ he began to covet the adjacent lead. This covetous spirit led to the exchange of angry wordsand the creation of a bitter enmity between the rival miners. James Duncan called in the aid of two fellow spirits, called Wells and Richardson, who agreed to provoke a quarrel. Their plan of action was not divulged, nor was any one apprised of the brewing storm until the morning of April 6, 1829. Then Wells and Richardson, accompanied by James Duncan and J. Scott, appeared in the vicinity where Clopton and J. Van Matre were industriously plying the pick and spade. Wells and Richardson were armed with rifles, and, approaching the laborers, entered into conversation.

" To defend our property and our lives," was the lightning response, and suiting their actions they both drew a bead and fired. At the first discharge. Van Matre exclaimed, -' I am shot I " and on the second fire Clopton fell to the ground. Robert Larance and James Duncan carried the wounded man into his humble cabin, and placed him on his rough bed of bouglis and straw. He expired in a few minutes, his last words, addressed to a cluster of sympathizing miners, being, " I forgive Wells for killing me ; he was instigated to it ; I blame James Duncan and McKnight for my death." With these words of fortitude, his soul took its flight. In the meantime, the murderers hastened home, and, mounting two trusty horses, fled toward the river. Prior to their departure, they hastily concluded a sale of their claim to Ja'ues Duncan,

James Duncan was arraigned before John Marsh, Justice of Peace of Crawford County, charged with being an accessory to the murder. He was indicted for the crime, and, on furnishing bonds of $2,000 to appear at the ensuing term of the District Court, at Prairie du Chien, he was admitted to bail. His subsequent career is unknown.

Prominent among the number who engaged in farming in 1834 was William James, who arrived in the precinct in the spring, and settled on southwest quarter of Section 20. Here he broke seven or eight acres of land in the fall of this year, and raised his first crop.

Not the least among the pioneer's tribulations, during the first few years of the settlement, was the going to mill. The slow mode of travel by ox teams was made still slower by the almost total absence of roads and bridges, while such a thing as a ferry was hardly even dreamed of. The distance to be traversed was often as far as sixty or seventy-five miles. In dry weather, common sloughs and creeks offered little impediment to the teamsters ; but during floods and the breaking-up of winter, they proved exceedingly troublesome and dangerous. To get stuck in a slough and thus be delayed many hours was no uncommon occurrence, and that, too, when time was an item of grave import to the comfort and sometimes even to the lives of settlers" families. Often a swollen stream would blockade the way, seeming to threaten destruction to whoever would attempt to ford it.

These milling trips often occupied several weeks, and were attended with an expense that rendered the cost of bread-stuffs extremely high ; and for a large family it was almost impossible to avoid making three or four trips during the year.

The trials of the pioneer were innumerable, and the cases of actual suflering might fill a volume of no ordinary size. Timid women became brave through combats with real dangers, and patient mothers grew sick at heart with sight of beloved children failing in health from lack of the commonest necessaries of life. The struggle was not for ease or luxury, but was a constant effort for the sustaining means of life itself

Owing in part to the difficulties cited, the progress of agriculture was slow until after the advent of the year 1840. In August, 1839, however, the population of Dodgeville Precinct was quite large, taking for a criterion the polling list made up at that date, which included the names of the following voters : W. Garrison, S. H. Campbell, James Jenkins, 0. G. Ewing, S. H. Biggs, W. C. Scott, W. W. Kane, J. Van Orman, G. W. Standart, Adam Plank, S. Deitchmandy, N. B. Harker, James Carnes, C. Scott, W. B. Carnes, A. S. Crooker, P. D. Round, C. W. Bagley, James Likens, R. S. Black, John G. Jenkins, William Tyrer, B. Hendy, W. F. Jenkins, William McCutchin, R. P. Wilson, Silas Wildes, J. B. Parkel, Robert Wilson, James D. Jenkins, T. B. Shaunce, Richard Soward, Nathan Fortner, William Wilren, George W. Richardson, Augustus C. Dodge, Lewis Wilson, John Lindsey, Phillip Round, Samuel Cracker, B. F. Cooper, Alfred Soward, Samuel Anderson, Joseph McMurty, nearly all of whom resided in the village and town of Dodgeville. Prominent among the number who engaged in farming in the town of Dodgeville during the next ten years were Thomas Thomas, located on Section 26, in 1841 ; Halvor Halvorson, Section 32, 1842 ; Edward R. Jones, Section 18, 1845 ; John Roach, Section 33, 1847 ;. Robert R. Williams, Section 12, 1849 ; Thomas Buckingham, Section 14, 1848. The following years, the improvements kept pace with the times, and immigration to the town was large, nearly all arriving in the later history of the town, engaging in agricultural pursuits.

Smelt Furnaces. - Aside from the smelting works in the village of Dodgeville, which are treated of in another chapter, there were a number of furnaces in different parts of the town, operated at different intervals. Collier k Leigh started a smelt furnace in Cox Hollow on Section 22, in 1828, and, in the fall of 1829, the venture proving unsuccessful, they put their lead in flat-boats on the Wisconsin River, and embarked for the St Louis market. Thomas Jenkins also had a furnace in Cox Hollow in 1828, and continued to smelt until 1831. Henry Dodge, son of the Governor, built a log furnace here in 1836, but remained only one year. He wag followed by a Mr. Hendy, the height of whose ambition was to place in operation a blast furnace. He succeeded in erecting a wheel and part of the necessary machinery, but for lack of sufficient water-power the enterprise was abandoned. William James and Henry Eva operated a smelt furnace near the farm of John Lindsey, in 1834, and continued smelting in connection with farming until 1836. Henry Dodge for many years operated a smelt furnace south of the village, and a Mr. Phelps did smelting business a few miles north.

Bennett if- Hoskins' Furnace. - The year 1843 witnessed, among other events, the discovery, by Thomas Jenkins, of the rich mineral lead that subsequently took his name. It was located on the northwest quarter of Section 35, Township 6 north. Range 3 east. These diggings proved remunerative and were worked by Jenkins & Blanchard until 1846, when William M. Todd bought them out. Mr. Todd worked the mine for a time, then leased it to the company which bought it in 1850. Messrs. John Rogers, James Cocking, Joseph George and James Perkins constituted this company ; later, John Corvin purchased Mr. Cooking's interest. In June, 1852, Mr. Rogers sold out to Joseph Bennett, and Mr. Corvin to N. Arthur. The mines were worked by Perkins, Bennett, George and Arthur, in company, until 1860. Prior to this date, in the year 1858, a furnace was built and continued in operation till 1860, when, Mr. Arthur having disposed of his interest to James Roberts, the present smelt furnace was built by Perkins, Bennett, George and Roberts. Mr. Roberts retired in 1864, and Mr. Perkins in 1868. In March, 1869, the firm of Bennett & George consolidated with C. Cholvin k Co., or Cholvin & Hoskins ; the retirement of Mr. Cholvin in 1874, and that of Mr. George in 1879, left the firm as now constituted, Bennett & Hoskins. The Dodgeville furnace only is now in operation, and connected with it is the "slag" furnace, operated by the same company.

C. Cholvin ^ Co. - This smelting firm was organized in 1858, by C. Cholvin and Augustus Pine, both Frenchmen, and Samuel Hoskins. In 1865, Pine sold out to Samuel Hoskins, and the firm was since known as C. Cholvin & Co. Soon after the retirement of Mr. Pine, John Nordorf was made a partner, but he subsequently disposed of his interest to Samuel Hoskins. The furnace originally built by this company was located about one hundred rods east of the present Bennett & Hoskins' furnace, and was demolished soon after the union of the two firms in 1869. This company also, for a number of years, operated a furnace at Highland Village, but discontinued it in the sprinp; of 1880.

Mundy, Pierce t^f' Co. - This firm of smelters was originally organized as Hendy, Mundy & Pierce. The present furnace, near the village of Dodgeville, was built in 1867. The same year the Mylroie Bros, became a part of the firm, but both retired soon after. Joseph Pierce, Sr., united with Hendy & Mundy in 1876. Eventually Mr. Hendy retired, leaving the firm as at present, Mundy & Pierce.

Mills. - The first attempt at building a mill in the town was made in 1833, by William Jenkins and George W. Standart. This mill was a saw-mill, located on Section 2, on James' Branch, operated by water, and subsequently was converted into the grist-mill, now known as the Union Mills, in the same locality. Mr. Jenkins retired from the firm after eighteen months, and was succeeded byJohn Lindsey, who continued a year and a half in partnership with Standart. During the summer of 1838, the dam was washed away by a June freshet, and rebuilt the following fall. Late in the season of this year, Messrs. Standart and Lindsey disposed of the mill property to William Jenkins. He run the mill alone for some time, and traded the property to Samuel K. Campbell for eighty acres of land. In 1850, Mr. Campbell sold it to Squire James, who converted it into a grist-mill in 1854. The mill was run by the James family until 1877, when the present proprietor, John Dawe, purchased it. The mill has two run of stone, and manufactures a superior article of fiour.

The Blatz Mill. - This flouring-mill was built in 1864, by Peter Theno. He continued three years, when, in 1867. he sold the property to the present proprietor, John Blatz. Mr. Blatz has remodeled the building and fitted it up with new machinery throughout. It has two runs of stone, and does principally custom grinding.

Schools and Churches. - Owing to the excitement over the mineral wealth of this section of the country, but little zeal was m mifested for many years in the cause of Christianity or education ; and it is difficult to ascertain the time when schools and churches commenced to prosper. Whatever apathy might have existed has been happily overcome, however, and both Christianity and education are now in a flourishing condition.

The first schoolhouse in Dodgeville was built near a spring on the farm of James Hoskins. It was a small frame building erected in a very plain manner. Instead of lath, the carpenters of those days rived out strips from small saplings growing near, and nailed them as lath usually arc to the studding. It was a house of prayer as well as of study, and it was nothing uncommon of a Sunda}' for the rough miners to congregate there, stack their rifles in a corner, throw off their accouterments, and after services go out hunting. This first temple of early education was removed at a later day to the Janesville neighborhood, where it burned down.

The first school in the town was taught by the pioneer teacher, Robert Boyer, in the summer of 1833, in a small log building which stood near the Hendy furnace, one and one-half miles north of the village. James Jenkins, best known by his pupils as " Papa " Jenkins, taught in the old Hoskins Schoolhouse in 1838, and later. Ira Hazeltine taught here in 1839-40; Robert Wilson in 1841, and later, George Sims and Hopestill Foster disciplined with birch rods and Webster's Elementary. Eventually, schools were established in different parts of the town, which, being cherished and fostered, have culminated in the adoption of a school system surpassed by few towns in the county.

There are now in the town nineteen schoolhouses. with accomodations for 1.4.50 children. The school property is valued at §10.570.50, but, at the completion of the projected high school building in the village, the school property will be valued at §35,000. During the year ending August 31, 1880, there wns received for school purposes §7,644.16, and paid out §5,879.25; of this amount, §4,401 was for teachers' salaries. There are in the town 1,410 children of school age : 704 males, and 706 females. These require the constant employment of twenty-three teachers.

The Standart drove Post Office - Was established on Section 19, Township 7, Range 3, in Odober, 1875, and was named in honor of George W. Standart, the first Postmaster. He continued in office until March, 1878, when he was succeeded by Robert Kinnear, the present incumbent. Mr. Kinnear came from Burlington, Vt.. to Dodgeville, in 1845, and has resided in his present location since 1846.

The Dodgeville Fire Insurance Company - Was organized March 22, 1879, in the village of Dodgeville, under the Revised Statutes of Wisconsin, providing for the organization of such institutions. The Board of Directors elected for one year, or until successors are chosen and qualified, consisted of John Rowe, Sr.. James Bennett, William T. Williams. Peter Reckenthaler, William Berryman. B. Schoeneman. T. M. Jones. H. Halgrimson and Joseph Perkins. Twenty-seven names were subscribed, repres.mting §25,000 of insured property. John Rowe, Sr., was elected President : Joseph Perkins. Secretary, and James Bennett, Treasurer. The first annual meeting was held January 6. 1880. The Treasurer's report showed that §168.55 had been received as premiums on policies, and §34 received for issuing policies now outstanding. The total expenditures up to the date of the meeting were §59.15, and the available cash aggregated §143.40. The same officers were re-elected for the ensuing year.

The first town meeting of the town of Dodgeville was held in pursuance of law, on Tuesday. April 3. 1849. The Wesleyan Church was the place, and the records show that 180 votes were registered. The meeting was organized bv the election of James D. Jenkins as Chairman and Sylvanus Race and Philip Thom as Inspectors ; Henry Messersmith and Cyrus Connell as Clerks. The Inspectors and Clerks were sworn by Philip Thom, a Justice of the Peace, and he by J. D. Jenkins, Chairman. John Messersmith was elected Chairman of the Town Board by receiving 137 votes, against 30 for John Lindsay. Asahel Blanchard and George Sims were elected Supervisors over Henry Dunstan and Milton B. Persons. Thomas M. FuUerton received a majority of 118 votes over David C. Evans, for Town Clerk. A. S.

Allen had 159 votes for Town Superintendent of Schools - no opposition. Jacob M. Miller elected Town Treasurer over Samuel Hosking. John G. Jenkins as Town Assessor over Michael Bennett.

On the 7th of April, 18-1:9, a special town meeting was called for the 7th of May following, at the hall of the Sons of Temperance. The special town meeting was held in accordance with the above call, and, besides the transaction of other business, subdivided the four road districts already established and formed two additional districts. It was

Hesolv'd, That a tax of $300 be levied for the support of the poor ; that a tax of $200 be levied for the support of the common schools, and |'i00 be levied for town purposes and $100 for bridges.

The Town Hall. - At the Seventh Annual Town Meeting, held in the Town Clerk's office, April 3, 1855, the committee to whom was referred the recommendation contained in the report of the Board of Supervisors submitted the following :

The undersigned committee, considering a town hall actually necessary, would recommend the building of a house for town purposes, 2ox40 feet, two stories high. The basement, divided into four offices, could be either used or le.ased to advantage by the town. The cost of building not to exceed $1,500. William .James,

On motion, it was voted that a town tax of $1,500 be raised and it, with the surplus of moneys remaining in the Poor Fund at any time during the ensuing year, after the pauper expenses are estimated or paid, shall be devoted to the building of a town hall, under the direction of the Board of Supervisors, and to defraying the town expenses. The contractor for the carpenter work was S. B. McLaughlin, and tlie mason work let to Paul Davey & Co. and the building completed during the summer.

1850 - Asahel Blanchard, Chairman; Cyrus Cornell and John Lindsay, Supervisors; T. M. Fullerton, Clerk; William Marr, Treasurer; Samuel Hendy, Assessor; John Lumley, Superintendent of Schools.

1851 - Samuel Hendy, Chairman ; Thomas Menkay and S. S. Ferrill, Supervisors ; B. M. Henry, Clerk ; Samuel M. Derry, Treasure ; James D. Jenkins, Assessor ; Rev. A. S. Allen, Superintendent of Schools.

1852 - John Messersmith, Chairman ; Meredith Evans and A. W. Floyd, Supervisors ; Henry Madden, Clerk ; Martin Knudsen, Assessor ; Benjamin Thomas, Sr., Assessor ; A. S. Allen, Superintendent of Schools.

1853 - John Messersmith, Chairman; John Read and Henry Dunstan, Supervisors; Michael Bennet, Clerk ; Benjamin Thomas, Treasurer ; Andrew Lulickson, Assessor ; Rev. A. S. Allen, Superintendent of Schools.

1854 - John Parris, Chairman ; A. W. Floyd ann Meredith Evans, Supervisors ; Nathan H. Thomas, Clerk ; Benjamin Thomas, Treasurer ; Matthew Bishop, Assessor ; Samuel Hendy, Superintendent of Schools.

18.55 - Benjamin Thomas, Sr., Chairman ; Henry Sims and R. C. Owens, Supervisors ; L. H. D. Crane, Clerk ; Matthew Bishop, Treasurer ; Stephen H. Wilson, Assessor ; A. S. Allen, Superintendent of Schools.

1859 - B. F. Thomas, Chairman ; John Reed and Hans Olson, Supervisors ; P. D. Wigginton. Clerk ; Henry Dunstan, Treasurer ; Matthew Bishop and A. W. Floyd, Assessors ; George Sims, Superintendent of Schools.

1860 - George Messersmith, Chairman ; John Reed and Hans Olson, Supervisors ; P. D. Wigginton, Clerk ; Henry Vincent, Treasurer ; A. W. Floyd and Matthew Bishop, Assessors ; B. F. Thomas, Superintendent of Schools.

1861 - George Sims, Chairman; John Reed and Erick Halvorson, Supervisors; P. D. Wigginton, Clerk , S. B. McLaughlin, Treasurer ; J. A. Slye, Superintendent of Schools. Mr. Sims resigned January 20, 1862, and B. F. Thomas was appointed.

1862 - Samuel Hendy. Chairman ; William Owens and Robert Shields, Supervisors ; George W. Dodge, Clerk ; William Rogers, Treasurer ; R. D. Davis and Hans Olson, Assessors.

186-3 - Samuel Hendy, Chairman; William Owens and John Rowe, Supervisors; Henry Dunstan, Clerk ; Thomas Thomas, Treasurer ; R. D. Davis and John Lindsay, Assessors.

1864 - Samuel Hendy, Chairman ; Charles Dickinson and H. D. Griffith, Supervisors ; AV. J. Wrigglesworth, Clerk; Thomas Davey, Treasurer ; William Smith and R. D. Davis, Assessors.

1865 - Robert Wilson, Chairman; Joseph Pearce and H. D. Griffith, Supervisors ; W. J. Wrigglesworth, Clerk ; John W. Thomas, Treasurer ; R. D. Davis and Hans Olson, Assessors.

1866 - Robert Wilson, Chairman ; Joseph Pearse and H. D. Griffith, Supervisors ; Henry Dunstan, Clerk ; J. W. Thomas, Treasurer ; Henry SchuU and Lars Moe, Assessors.

1867 - Robert Wilson, Chairman ; J. H. Penberthy and T. M. Jones, Supervisors ; Henry Dunstan, Clerk. The latter removed in December, 1867, and W. H. Prideaux was appointed.

1868 - Robert Wilson, Chairman ; Joseph Bennett and Evan Williams. Supervisors ; Orville Strong, Clerk ; John Rowe and Richard T. Parry, Assessors. In January, 1869, J. Thomas Pryor, Jr., was appointed Clerk, upon the resignation of Mr. Strong.

1875 - Benjamin Elan, Chairman ; R. D. Davis and William H. Hocking, Supervisors ; J. E. Higgins, Clerk ; William Owens, Treasurer ; John Rowe, Assessor. Owing to the death of Mr. Higgins, J. Thomas Pryor, Jr., was appointed Clerk in March, 1876.

1879 - Robert Wilson, Chairman ; Thomas B. Davis and James W. Smith, Supervisors ; Richard Arundell, Clerk ; Robert C. Owens, Treasurer ; Richard D. Davis, Assessor. To fill

Town Of Arkna

There were no white residents in this section until more than twenty years after the first permanent settlements had been made in the county. To some, this may seem strange ; but when we consider that the pioneers of Iowa County were miners, attracted hither by the valuable discoveries of mineral, and who were intent only on developing the mines, regardless of all other pursuits, it is not surprising that they should have settled in mining regions, and ignored the valuable agricultural territory embraced by the town lines of Arena.

While the excitement of the lead region was at its zenith, and Dodgeville, Mineral Point, Linden, Mifflin, Highland and Ridgeway were inhabited by a cosmopolitan population, representing all the concomitants of the mining frontier. Arena was peacefully slumbering on the banks of the Wisconsin in virgin beauty. Her hills and dales were then inhabited only by wild animals and their no less savage foes, who roved at will amid the primitive groves of oak, walnut and poplar, over the lands which were then awaiting the skill and industry of the husbandman to cultivate the waste places, and develop valuable and productive farms. That this has been accomplished, a view of the well-improved acres, ornamented with their commodious residences, which stand as monuments to the integrity and energetic perseverance of their inhabitants, is sufficient evidence.

Arena now stands among the leading towns in the diversity of products and character of her people, who are as enlightened, liberal and enterprising as any in this section of the country. Through the public spirit and vim of the leading citizens, numerous valuable public benefits have been secured, of which may be mentioned, as most conspicuous and beneficial to the general community, the stations - Helena and Arena - on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad.

First Settlers. - The first settlers in the town of Arena came during 1840-41-42, and remained but a short time only. The names of these, tliough once remembered, are now forgotten by their associates of forty years ago. In 1843, John T. Jones made his appearance in the town, and located a farm on parts of Sections 14 and 23. He also erected the first cabin in the town, and pursued farming with varying success for many years. During the same year, Mr. Jones was followed by Barrett Williams, who cultivated a few acres of land on parts of Sections 15 and 22, Township 8, Range 5. He also erected a small cabin, and continued farming there for several years. Immigration to this town during the next year was slow and uncertain ; but by the year 1845, a number of pioneers, noted for their uprightness, courage and perseverance, had located here. Among the number were William Persell, William F. Jenkins, Peter Lloyd, Samuel Titus, William Wallace, John Shaw and Isaac Farwell. These all made claims in different parts of the town, principally in the vicinity of the present village of Arena. The initiatory steps were now taken toward the development of agriculture in the town, and following in the wake of the first permanent settlers there came many others, who engaged in agricultural pursuits. About this time, came William Bywater, Charles W. Sutcliffe, Frederick Gutsloe, William Guthrie and John May. During the spring of 1846, John Siiaw, Robert Leach, Allen Leach, Isaac Farwell and William E. Shimmons became part and parcel of the territory since dignified by the historic apellation of Arena. Among the influx of settlers following those mentioned were Lanson and Alvin Culver, Lyman and Henry Lindsey, John Hand, John Calkins, Thomas Harrison, Goodladd, Luke Farwell, Nelson Daniels, Robert Emery, William Dawson, Dr. Goss, J. S. Walker, Mcintosh, Higby, John Stewart, Joshua Rhodes, S. Norton, Watkins, Thomas Rockwell, John Hand, William Tyler, A. B. Anderson, Aaron Edwards and Dr. Addison. These located farms in different portions of the town. It is not assumed that the list is complete ; there were perhaps others who immigrated to this town during the years mentioned ;

British Emigration Society. - The history of the early settlement of Arena would be incomplete without mention of the efforts of the "British Temperance Emigration Society," of which a number of those already mentioned, who came in 1846, were members. This was a benevolent society, organized in Liverpool by Robert Gost and Charles Wilson, for the purpose of assisting the British mechanics and laboring men to procure homes in America. The association being organized, Lawrence Hayworth, a benevolent gentleman of wealth and leisure, was chosen President. The plan of the society was to allow all mechanics and laborers desiring homes in this country to become members by paying into the common fund a certain amount, which was to be applied toward the purchase of eighty-acre shares of land. These shares were drawn by ballot, and each eighty-acre share was to have a five-acre lot fenced and broken and a house erected thereon. The society elected two commissioners, Charles Reeves and Charles Wilson, estate and deputy estate stewards, whose duty it was to pay off all indebtedness incurred by the purchase of lands, improvements, etc. The first lot of emigrants was sent by this society in the spring of 1844, all of whom located in Dane County. Emigrants representing this association got no farther at first than the eastern part of the town, though their agents went further west and laid out what was afterward known as

Hayworth. - In 1846, Charles Reeves and Charles Wilson, principal members of the " Emigration Society" spoken of, were deputized, in company with five or six others, to choose a site on the banks of the Wisconsin, in this county, suitable for a village. Accordingly, a piece of land was selected on Sections 11 and 12, Town 8, Range 4, and staked out into town lots of one acre each in size. Any member of the society was privileged to purchase ten lots, if they desired so many, at the Government price. And a good many did buy, but none of them settled on their purchase. The situation was named Hayworth, in honor of the President of the society. Not long after the place was platted, John Barnard came here and erected a store and tavern, and started a good ferry, and within a few years a steam saw-mill was built hereby Cole & Everett. The store, tavern, mill, and various kinds of business did not flourish to any extent, and eventually everything was abandoned to the inevitable Norwegian. There is at present a cemetery at this point which is used largely by the commonwealth, and which is the oldest in the town.

Although the intentions embodied in this organization were very commendable, yet it fell far short of success, and what once promised so much is now known only in a remembrance of the past. The cause of its failure might be attributed to the fact that the emigrants could procure lands from the Government at merely a nominal sum, and much less than the amount required by the association ; aside from this, a great many of the number were practical mechanics, and engaged, each at his particular trade, and abandoned their farms Many of those that continued in their agricultural pursuits have become influential and wealthy citizens of their town.

During the years succeeding 1846, the population increased rapidly, and Arena began to grow in influence and importance, until now it is one of the most populous as well as being one of the most important towns in the county.

In 1845, the enterprising citizens of Arena, desiring a market as well as a metropolis for their town, forthwith laid out the village of Dover, on Section 13, Town 8, Range 5. Here, soon after, a tavern and store were started by Messrs. Higby & Walker, who did a good business for several years ; and William Guthrie established himself in the blacksmithing business, and for many years was the only blacksmith in the town. As the surrounding country became settled, the business of the little village increased constantly, and finally attracted other store-keepers and men of various business propensities.

The first post office in the town of Arena was established here certainly as early as 1847, and was kept here until 1876, when it was discontinued. David Hukum was the last Postmaster. The old Dover House is still standing as a relic of what might have been.

In 185G, a grist-mill was erected in the village by Joshua Rhodes and Henry Lindsey, put in two run of stone, and for a number of years did a successful milling business. This mill is now operated by N. Kirch. The quality of flour here has always been of a uniform standard, and is equal to any manufactured in Southwestern Wisconsin. This village did a flourishing business until 1856, when the railroad favored its new rival of Arena by locating a station at the latter point. From this time dates the decadence of this once prosperous place, and the flouring-mill still in operation is the only evidence that an extended business was ever transacted in this now defunct village.

To continue the list of settlers who located in the town of Arena before 1850, there were Richard Hodgson, Mr. Gleason, Mr. Porter, Richard Mabett, G. M. Ashmore, Mr. Emery. Among others who came about this time were G. C. Meigs, James Manville, John Mabett, William Dawson, John Hobbs, Samuel Norton, Jacob Dodge, Henry and Jonathan Ingraham, Reuben James, John Porter, Mr. Caldwell, D. Lattimore and William T. Ansdale. Of the old settlers and pioneers of Arena still living are Christopher Mabett, Peter Lloyd, William, John, Richard, Frank, David and Jonathan Hodgson, William Aaron, William E. Roe, James Alick, Andrew and Robert McCutchin, James Allison, William Bishop, John Hagman, Charles Stubley, Thomas Wilson, John RenyarJ, Charles Trainor, J. M. Wilson, George McFarland, Henry and William Caldwell, W. T. Boardman, John Goodladd and David Lloyd.

The cause of education has always received the closest attention from the citizens of Arena, having been fostered and promoted until their schools now rank along with the best in the county. In about 1846 a schoolhouse was erected on Section 16, Town 8, Range 5, now distinguished by District No. 0. - Here the few children in the town attended school, some walking four and five miles daily. This school was continued from that time, and as the increase of population demanded, other schools were established in different parts of the town and schooliiouses erected. There are now in the town sixteen separate and joint school districts and ten schoolhouses.

Shortly after the settlement of the town, the "circuit rider" made his appearance among the pioneers, and preached the Gospel and laid the foundation for the guidance of the spiritual destinies of the citizens. For a number of years, religious services were held in the dwellings of the different settlers by circuit preachers. Those early eff'orts have at last culminated in the organization of four congregations and the erection of as many church buildings. These are the Congregationalists, Adventists, German Methodists and St. John's Catholic, the last being located on Section 36, Town 8, Range 5.

The first grist-mill was erected in 1852, and is located on Section 23, Town 8, Range 5. It was erected by Henry Rowel and G. C. Meigs, on or near the site of a saw-mill, which was erected by Joshua Rhodes as early as 1847, and whicli was the first and only saw-mill in this part of the county for many years. The mill is familiarly known as the " model mill," and has three run of stone, and is now owned and operated by William E. Rowe. This mill has always been over-crowded with custom work, its trade extending for many miles around.

On Section 14, Town 7, Range 4, is located the grist-mill owned by Michael Lucy, operated by the Blue Mounds Creek water-power. At this mill a superior article of flour is manufactured, being the equal of any work in the county. A mill was built by Henry Folks on Section 13, Town 7, Range 5, in 1860, but did not run many years. Eventually it was sold and the machinery removed to Sauk County.

One of the commendable early enterprises was a nursery of choice fruits, started here by John Hand, one of the English emigrants, in 1846 or 1847. This nursery, which was continued for several years, was known as the Barnum place, and was the first one in the county. Since that early effort, fruits, both large and small, have been cultivated quite extensively in the town by some of the farmers, rather to provide for home necessities than for the purpose of selling. Although some is sold each year in the villages, many of the upland districts furnish very good locations for orchards, as the soil is well adapted to their growth, and the advantages of protecting hills, to intercept the winter blasts, can be obtained.

In 1873, the south part of Arena was visited by a hail and rain storm, so terrible in its power and effects that none who were on the scene, where the elements raged their worst, will ever forget the circumstance. The very flood-gates of the surcharged clouds seemed to have been suddenly opened, and torrents of rain, with chunks of ice as large as a man's fist, were precipitated to the ground, for a time creating a minature deluge and destroying all sorts of produce, and killing pigs, sheep and fowls, and doing an amount of damage scarcely credible during the short time that the storm continued. The damage done in Arena Village mentioned, did not compare with that in the country adjacent, where the storm was the most furious; tiiose who were eye-witnesses say that nothing to compare with it has ever been experienced here before or since.

Old Arena

This place, which was at one time the leading village in the town, and which was expected to continue such, began to decline after the coming of the railroad, when the other village of the same name started, and within a few years it was a village only in name.

The land where it was situated. Section 8, Town 8, Range 5, was first purchased from the Government by Ebenezer Brigham, the pioneer of Dane County, and a man by the name of Arthur Bronson. In 1848, G. M. Ashmore bought Bronson's interest, then he and Mr. Brigham, in the following year, laid out a village plat. According to the statement of Mr. Brigham, this point had been a sort of trading i-endezvous for the Indians for a good many years before, and had been called Arena, probably on account of the sandy situation. The same year that the village was platted, Mr. Ashmore erected two frame buildings - one to live in and one for a store. Within two or three years after, there were two or three stores in operation and a tavern and various mechanic shops. The principal merchants were Frank Andrews and AVilliam Brodie; the tavern-keeper, Mr. Caldwell. At that time, a large amount of business was done here, especially in selling lumber. In 1849, a road was laid out from Dodgeville via Arena to Baraboo, and Mr. Ashmore accordingly chartered a ferry. The conveyance was a flat-boat, which was worked over ihe river with poles. In 1853 or 1854, Dr. Brisbane, the first physician and preacher, came here from the South, and, believing that he saw a chance for a paying business, purchased the ferry privilege from Mr. Ashmore and spent several hundred dollars in putting in a horse boat and making other improvements, but the investment proved nearly a dead loss, for the business fell off so greatly within a short time that he abandoned the ferry. Mr. Brisbane also kept tavern here.

In 1854, Albert and Fred Curtis erected a steam-mill here, which was operated for several years, and about the same time Mr. Andrews erected a warehouse about where it was supposed the railroad would pass, but, contrary to the expectations of all parties, the village was left to oneside.

A postoflBce was established here in 1850, with William Ferris as Postmaster. Eventunlly William Brodie was appointed and held the office until it was moved to New Arena. There is no business done here now, and the only residents are a few Norwegians. Within the past two years, a little above where the old ferry used to run, a good ferry, owned by the people on both sides of the river, was put in operation.

New Arena

Throughout the West, within the last thirty years, the chief motors toward the upbuilding of villages and cities, andit may be added with equal consistency, toward the destruction of others, have been the railroads. Wherever these mighty representatives of commercial growth and general development, as well as moneyed power, become established, there are found rapidly growing business centers, while those places which are but short distances removed from those arbiters of the destinies of small communities, begin to fall into decay, and eventually become known only to the memory of man as " what have been."

New Arena is located on the bottom lands bordering the south bank of the Wisconsin, on Section 16, or what was formerly called School Section. The land was first claimed from the State by G. M. Ashmore, who, in 1855, after the Milwaukee & Prairie du Chien Railroad had been surveyed through this part of Wisconsin, sold to Peter Louis Moore, making a general sale of property to the amount of several thousand dollars. At that time, everything was in a natural condition. The sandy flats overgrown, for the most part, with weeds and brush, it may be conjectured, presented anything but an inviting or encouraging appearance to the adventurous merchant or settler. But the course of time improves and subdues, mellows and re-shapes, until the rudest forms and conditions, under the hands of enterprising men, assume entirely different aspects, both attractive and agreeable. Thus it m-ay be seen in this locality ; but a few short years have winged their flight into the deeps of oblivion, and the entire scene has undergone a marvelous change. One of the liveliest villages on this branch of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad has sprung into existence, with most of the various elements of social, civil and commercial life, in full and promising activity. Large numbers of stores and mechanics' shops are busily engaged from day to day in dispensing their commodities to the farmers, taking their cash and produce in exchange, while the hotels are daily thronged with travelers and those who come here to trade from long distances or to ship their products. Several churches and a good school provide for tlie moral and intellectual needs of the inhabitants, and, in a word, we have before us the wilderness converted to the uses of civilization in its highest type. Arena, as a business point, is acknowledged to be one of the best in the county, and one of the best on the line of the road - more especially with regard to the sale and shipment of live stock, very large quantities of which are sent to market through this channel. Considering the size of the place, there is doubtless as much trading done here as at any other village in the State, and perhaps more.

The original village plat was made for Mr. Mohr, in October, 1856, and another plat, or rather addition, was laid by H. Zinkeisen September 4, 1866.

The first buildings erected here were the depot and the old warehouse of Curtis & Brothers, one of whom was the first depot agent. These were built in the fall of 1856, and are standing

The next building in the village was the old Carter House, which was erected here for a hotel in the spring of 1857. This building is standing yet, but is a rather superannuated looking structure. A portion of this building was moved up from Old Arena.

Before the house was entirely finished, the first grand ball or house-warming was given, which is remembered as having been a most happy occasion and favorable send-off for the place in amusements. People came from far and wide to the jollification, and thus was celebrated the first party ever given in Arena. Mr. Carter's wife, now Mrs. Reeves, still lives in the place, and is recognized as having been the first woman in the village.

In 1857 or 1858, the old stage house, familiarly known as the Farmers' Hotel, was built by William Broady. This was at first erected for a store, but the first intention was subsequently changed, and the building enlarged to accommodate the large stage travel which was then going through the country from this point to Mineral Point and other interior places. The building, which is a large, rambling afiair, is now used for a private dwelling.

The stage company at that time was Davis & Mohr, of Milwaukee. The travel, during the first year after the railroad came, was so great that several four-horse Concord coaches left each day, loaded down with emigrants and prospectors, and, indeed, for several years a thriving business was done in this direction. But the glory of staging days has passed away, and never again will be seen the splendid teams that used to go dashing through the country - the pride of the Jehus and envy of all the teamsters far and near.

A store was first opened here in 1858, by F. T. S. Ansdale, in the unoccupied building which stands near the Wisconsin House. Tliis establishment was not continued a great many years. The next store was opened by Barnard & Son in 1859, in the building now occupied by Edwards & Hughes. A German by the name of John Hattman was the first blacksmith to begin business here; his shop stood a little off" from the village plat.

The first marriage which occurred in the village before 1840 was a rather novel affair. A miller by the name of Walker, having imbibed pretty freely one day, called at the Carter Hotel to see the servant girl, Mary J. Hay thorn. When he arrived, Mary was up to her elbows in a large washing, but, nothing daunted. Walker proceeded to make love, or rather carry out his former love-making, by proposing that they should get married. To this the girl promptly assented. D. M. Jones, the minister, was sent for, and, without further ceremony, the knot was tied and the twain made one.

The above-mentioned minister was the first one to hold forth in the village, and during his time was the acknowledged life of the Christian cause in this vicinity. He was probably chiefly influential in establishing more societies and building more churches than any other man, or five men, in the county. As a worker in the cause of Christ, he was a credit to the village and county.

A schoolhouse was built here in 1839, and a school begun the same year by a Miss Hollister. The school had not been in operation long when a prairie fire came rushing down on to the little hamlet, driven by a wind so fierce and strong that the flames were carried from twelve to fifteen feet into the air. The schoolhouse and blacksmith-shop were the first reached, and immediately caught on fire and were burned down, as was a stable containing a couple of cows. For a time there was imminent danger that the entire place would be burned, as almost before the people were aware of what was to pay, the barn connected with the Carter House was on fire. However, by making great exertions, the inhabitants succeeded in extinguishing it and saving the place. The possibility of such a fire as that is described as having been starting up indicates in what an uncultivated state the country must have been.

At the present time, there is a commodious schoolhouse, which has two departments, erected several years ago at an aggregate expense of $1,200. The inhabitants have also been ambitious enough to purchase a fine bell, an unusual addition to an ordinary schoolhouse.

The only exceptional manufacturing ever attempted here was by D. M. Jones, who about twelve years ago erected the steam grist and saw mill, which has lain idle since his death.

After John Barnard came here, in 1858, the post oflice was moved from Old Arena to New Arena, and he was appointed Postmaster. He did not hold the office long before F. T. S. Ansdale was appointed in his place. He kept the oflice in his store during the time he held it. -From him it was transferred to William Everett, who still kept the office in Ansdale's store. About 1865, by circulating a petition as being a Republican, E. R. Bovee obtained the office. Mr. Bovee was then railroad agent, and kept the office in the depot. In 1868, the incumbent, W. H. Jones, was appointed, and has retained the office constantlj' since that time.

During the war, the inhabitants of Arena were unusually active in sending assistance to the cause of the North, and after the three months' service was ended, two of the soldiers of that time, George Ashmore and William H. Brisbane, enlisted Company G, of the Eleventh Wisconsin Volunteers, at this point. While the enlistment was going on, the men were boarded at the old Farmers' Hotel, which was then managed by Jared Adams, who is still living in the village, one of the pioneers of Iowa County, who came to Mineral Point in 1837. In February of 1869, the village was devastated by a very serious conflagration. The fire started in a small building on Lot 1, occupied by John Wilkinson, a tailor, and thence it spread to the tavern of Patrick Smith to the east of it, and another building to the west of it, owned by N. Hodgson, both of which were destroyed. For a time the destruction of the business part of the village seemed almost inevitable, but after a time it was subdued with no other loss than above mentioned.

The Congregational Society was organized in 1855, and the church was erected principally through the efforts of David M. Jones, in 1864, and is the oldest church in the place. The present membership is one hundred and twenty-five, and the church is in a healthy state.

The German Methodist Church was built about nine years ago, under the management of the Primitive Methodist Society, organized in 1871, by the Germans and Americans, to be used by both nationalities. Subsequently, that society became disorganized, and the edifice passed into the hands of the Germans, who use it now exclusively.

The Adventist Society was organized in 1872, by Elder G. P. Thompson, as Pastor, with sixty-two members. The church was built within the two following years. This society is in a flourishing condition.

Occasion is taken here to commend to future generations the devout and self-sacrificing labors of the Rev. D. M. Jones, who was Pastor here for fifteen years, and did more for the cause of Christ and toward the upbuilding of churches than any other three ministers who have ever been stationed in the county.

There are two secret societies in the place - a lodge of Good Templars, which has been in active operation for several years, and a juvenile cold water temple, which is also in a thriving condition.

The great hail-storm which visited the town of Arena, in 1877, punished the village pretty severely, by breaking out a large number of window lights all over the place, and by doing other damage of a serious character. But aside from the few occurrences mentioned. Arena has suffered little injury since it began its existence, from fire or other causes, which certainly is a matter for congratulation ; and at the present time it is in a healthy and thriving condition.

The business of the place is now represented by three general stores. Smith & Murphy, Z. Barnard and William Jones ; two drug and general merchandise, Edwards & Hughes and William H. Jones; one hardware store, D. J. Davis, ; one furniture store, J. D. Hildebrand ; two harness-shops, W. C. Meffert and Patrick Smith ; three shoe-shops, Thomas Hamilton, Thomas Knipe and L. D. Billington ; one watchmaker, Charles Reeve ; one tailor, Hugh Cork ; three blacksmiths, Benoy & Caspar, Billington & Son, and Shinnaman & Rothenberger ; one wagon-shop, Williams & Edwards; one milliner, Mrs. M. A. Reeves; two lumber yards, S. J. Jooske and D. H. Williams ; three hotels and saloons - Farmer's Hotel, Andrew McCutchen ; Commercial Hotel and Saloon, Patrick Smith ; Wisconsin House and Saloon, Lewis Enoc.

There is also a firm of stock and grain buyers, W. J. Roberts, R. Lloyd and J. Harris, that are doing a very extensive business. Their average shipments are one car load per diem the year round. This firm now uses three warehouses, but at one time there were five in use here.

Helena Station

This station of the C, M. & St. P. R. R., is located near the Wisconsin River, Section 16, Township 8, Range 4, Town of Arena. It was founded in 1861, by William Bartlett, who circulated a subscription among the surrounding farmers, and raised an amount which proved sufficient inducement to the railroad company to establish a station at this point. Here Mr. Bartlett erected a depot, and was the first to offer proposals for the patronage of the public. Josiah Ward came here soon after, and commenced purchasing grain. He was followed, in 1863, by John Barnard, who erected a warehouse. Mr. Barnard is recognized by the historian in his researches as one of the pioneer business men of the villages of Highland, Old Arena, New Arena, and also at the embryo village of Hayworth.

In 1862, Alvah Culver moved his large hotel up from "old town," and is recorded as the first tavern-keeper at the Station. This subsequently passed into the hands of William Bartlett, who has since removed to Iowa. The hotel building was taken down, placed on flat cars, and removed to the future home of Mr. Bartlett in Iowa. At the founding of the Station, William Burdell located here and followed his trade as a mechanic.

In 1872, the Helena Hotel was built by John R. Mabbett, and is recognized by the public as being one of the best hotels located along tlie Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Pnnl Rnilrond.

At the laying out of the village the post office was removed from the " old town," and established here, with William Bartlett as first Postmaster. The office is still continued, the following persons having served as Postmasters: G. R. Nicke, T. J. Hungerford and A. J. Lockman the incumbent.

This village is now on the high road to success, and gives promise of a bright future. It is estimated that $75,000 is paid out here during the winter season for stock and grain alone, which is ample evidence of a large trade as well as sales.

The business interests of Helena are now represented in general merchandise, by W. M. Austin and A. J. Lockman ; Helena Hotel, J. R. Mabbett; boot and shoe maker, Charles Villimant; blacksmiths, James Evanson, A. McKinzie ; wagon and carriage maker, Henry Mabbett; stock and grain buyers, W. A. McKinzie, P. King, Sr.

Official Record. - The town organization of Arena was effected April 3, 1849, at the house of D. L. Mcintosh. An appropriation of $25 was made at this meeting by the voters to defray current expenses, and 2| mills on the dollar was levied on taxable property to defray school expenses. For the derivation of the name, etc., consult the " early polling places."

In June 20, 1853, a special election was held in the town of Arena, for and against a proposition to raise money to aid the railroad. There were 49 votes cast, of which 29 were against the proposition, and 20 in favor of the proposition.

Town Of Clyde

This town organization was eifected in 1849. The first town meeting was held at the house of Ephraim Norton, on the 3d day of April, 1849. William See was chosen Moderator, and the following ofiicers were elected : William See, Chairman ; Lucius Mears and F. Frost, Supervisors ; George W. See, Treasurer ; Hiram Heath, Assessor ; Ephriam Norton, Clerk and Justice of the Peace ; Hiram Heath, Constable ; Charles D. Smith, Superintendent of Schools. At this meeting, it was voted to raise, by taxation, one-half of one per cent on assessed values for school purposes, and $30 for contingent expenses. The ensuing annual town meeting was to be held at the same place. In November following, at the election for County Judge, there were but eleven votes polled.

Comparatively speaking, this town is of modern development, its first permanent settlers having located within its limits nearly twenty years after the first settlement of the county. While in the majority of the towns of the county the mines were being operated, the forests being felled, and the incipient farms of the husbandmen being cultivated with energy, Clyde was reposing in peace and almost total solitude undisturbed by woodman's ax or cow boy's whistle.

But eventually, during the year 1845, the inevitable pioneer in search of fortune and a quiet and pleasant home, the blessings of which he desired to win for the support of old age, strayed into the territory now embraced by the town lines, and located a small farm, thus paving the way for those who followed in his footprints that have since, by their various efforts, rendered this on*; of the leading agricultural as well as stock-growing districts in the county.

To the Irish belongs the honor of having made the first permanent settlement in the town. John Burns with his wife and family, left the State of Michigan and emigrated to Wisconsin in the spring of 1845, and located on Section 15. Here he built a small log cabin and cultivated a few acres of ground, which small beginning has culminated in a large and valuable farm. He was followed by Michael Murphy, who located a small farm in the vicinity of Burns' claim, and continued improving and adding thereto until the original tract has been developed into a welltilled and attractive farm. The winter of this year, which is remembered by the pioneers of the county as having set in early, and as having been one of unusual severity, debarred others from locating here this season ; for rather than brave the inclement weather and inconveniences of a frontier settlement during a cold winter, many were content to stay in a more pleasant if not warmer locality.

Anthony Bonert, a native of Germany found his way to the future Clyde in the spring of 1846, he being the first of the thrifty and intelligent class of Germans now inhabiting this town.

There came during the years 1847 and 1848, Judge Butterfield, B. S. Butterfield, Nat Butterfield, David Bigelow, James Kinzie, Ephriam Norton, Dr. Aaron Frost, Nelson Frost, Benjamin Frost, James Dunbar and Smith Burris, the Carroll family and William See. Nearly all of these are remembered as having been men of ability and enterprise of such a character as to give the town an impetus on the road of improvement, that has very materially aided in placing it in its present advanced position. Their claims were located in different parts of the town, some along Otter Creek and others near the Wisconsin River. The few succeeding years settlers did not come in so rapidly.

In 1846, George Lee made his appearance, also William Ward and Reuben Cameron. Among the arrivals in 1850 and 1851 were Michael and James Melody, John Enos, the old Indian who lived and died on Section 21, John Doherty, Mr. Hoover and sons John, Thomas and William, Thomas Gorman and Asa and Darius Knight. There probably were others who came here during the years mentioned, but many of them remained only a few years, some returning whence they came, while others have been lost amid the varying scenes of this eventful existence, and are now known only in connection with the past.

The advent of the years 1852 and 1853 brought to the town, A. C. Thurber, Stephen Gile, Asa Gile, Patrick Flynn, Samuel Reams, Ransom Miller and sons George and James, Michael Flynn, Barney Donnely, and Asel and Reuben Razey. About this time, agriculture became developed to quite an extent, the size and number of the farms were being increased from year to year and a corresponding amount of produce was being raised. This state of affairs attracted numerous settlers, so that during the year 1853 and 1854 the population increased rapidly. Prominent among the number who came about this time were, Frank Martell, Michael Mears, Arnold Hoxey, Patrick, Thomas and Cornelius Sheldon, Dennis Shannon, Barney Eagan, Arnold Clarke and Joseph Limmix.

A post office was established in Clyde at an early day as soon after the settlement of the town as the increase of the population required. Ephriam Norton was appointed first Postmaster, and kept the office at his dwelling on Section 26. He was succeeded by James Kenzie. Eventually this office was discontinued. In 1875, another was established, and Abel Thurber appointed Postmaster. On January 10, 1880, Mr. Thurber transmitted the office paraphernalia to Washington, and resigned his position as Postmaster, thus ending this one. The entire receipts of the office were but $4 per year, which was not one-fourth enough to compensate him for the labor required to manage it.

The cause of education has not been disrejiarded in tliis town, but has been fostered to a commend:ible degree. The first school in town was taught by George Parr, in Mr. Norton's cooper-shop, in 1850, and as early as 1851 the school was transferred to a small schoolhouse erected for that purpose on Section 24. A man named Anderson was the first teacher. From this small beginning schools sprung up rapidly in different parts of the town, and have been continued with flattering success ever since. Tliere are now in the town five school buildings with excellent accommodations, which require the services of five teachers. The salaries paid here are such as to enable the school board to procure teachers from among the best in the country.

The first religious services were held as early as 1851, by William See, who acted asleader or preacher, and held meetings in the dwellings of the settlers. The first regular minister was Rev. Arthur Laughlin, a Congregationalist, who was located in the town of Wyoming. Father McDonald was the first Catholic priest who visited the town. He came here in 1852, and celebrated mass at Thomas Dunbar's, and afterward, occasionally, at the residence of Michael Murphy. The Catholic Church, which is located on Section 10, was built about 1865 ; the congregation is attended by the priest from Highland. The Norwegian Lutheran Church, in the southern part of the town, was dedicated in 1878. This church is nicely located, well finished, and has a good-sized congregation.

3Iills. - In 1848 or 1849, the first grist-mill in the town was built by William See and James Kinzie, Sr., on Otter Creek. A year or two later Mr. Kinzie erected, near the gristmill, a saw-niill, which he continued to run with success, in connection with the grist-mill, until 1868, when a freshet came and the creek overflowed its banks and played havoc with the country along its course. The mills were swept from their foundations and completely destroyed and carried away with the rush of water. The grist-mill was rebuilt two or three years there- after, by Charles Frost and Robert Kinzie. Shortly after this, they also rebuilt the saw-mill, which, with the grist-mill, is now owned by Peter Bourgeault. These mills are crowded to their utmost capacity, their trade being very extensive. On Section 10, in the southern part of the town, is located the grist-mill now owned by Mr. Pearcy. This mill has some excellent run of stone, and the quality of the flour is the equal of any in the county.

About twenty-five years ago, a charter for a ferry between this town and Lone Rock, on the opposite shore of the Wisconsin River, was granted to Reuben Razey. This ferry is still continued, and is of great convenience to the citizens of each town.

The first marriage in the town was culminated in 1850, John Messersmith performing the ceremony. The contracting parties were James Dunbar and Catherine Murphy. The two first births in the town were children of Mrs. Norton and Mrs. Dunbar.

The first deaths in the town occurred in 1850, they being Mr. and Mrs. Butterfield, who succumbed to the cholera epidemic of that year. They were interred in the old buryingground on Mr. Norton's farm.

First Chicago Poll List - In this connection is presented an exact copy of the contents of a rare old document, the record of the first election held in the precinct, now city of Chicago, which is now in the possession of Robert Kinzie, of Avoca, son of James Kinzie, who was for many years a resident of Clyde. This transcript will doubtless prove of interest to very many of our readers, besides being a valuable contribution to the historical records of the great Northwest, and particularly that greatest city of this wide area, Chicago ; therefore we take a pleasure in printing it :

At an election held at the hone of James Kinzie, in the Chicago Precinct, Peoria County, State of Illinois, on Monday, the 21 day of Aujii^st. A. D. 1830, the un lernamed electors appeared and Toted as follows (viz.):

Names Of Votebs. For Goveenob. For Liedtenant Governor

At an election at the house of James Kinzie, in the Chicago Precinct, County of Peoria, Slate of Illinois, on Monday the 2d day of August, A. D. 1830, the following-named persons received the number of votes annexed to their respective names for the following-described office (viz.):

John Reynolds liaJ twenty-two votes for Governor. William Kinney had ten votes for Governor. Rigdon B. Slocumb had seventeen votes for Lieutenant Governor. .James Adams had twelve votes for Lieutenant Governor. Zadock Casey had two voles for Lieutenant Governor. Certified by us,

One of the judges failing to attend, the two present appointed Russel E. Heacock to fill his place, there being no Justice of the Peace present at the election. John B. Beaubien.

Town Of Eden

This small town, erected only some three years ago, is really the garden spot of the county. As its name fully designates, it is almost a farmer's Eden, being naturally well adapted in almost every way to the production, in great perfection, of all the agricultural products, either indigenous or acclimated.

The inhabitants are, as in contiguous localities, a combination of various nationalities, and almost uniformly represent a high standard of character. Tlie churches, of which there are three, are well supported ; and the schools, of which there are five, are studiously maintained at a high standard.