Walworth County, Wisconsin - Chapter 2, 1882 (part 2 of 3)

In 1839, the Aztalan Circuit was divided and a new circuit formed from its southern half. It was called the Walworth Circuit and at first took in Bm-lington and Rochester, with various points in Walworth County. In 1810. Biu-lington and Rochester were detached and made into a new circuit, and the name of the Walworth Circuit changed to Troy, as the oldest and largest class was at that place (now East Troy). At that time, Mr. Halstead was succeeded on the circuit by Rev. James McKean. The following sketch of the labors of himself and his immediate successor. Rev. L F. Milthrop, is from Dr. W. G. Miller's book, entitled, "Thirty Years in the Itineracy." The sketch also alludes to work done in the county dm-ing the same years by Rev. David Worthiugtou, who had charge of the Rochester and Burlington Circuit after it was foi-med, in 1840, and did missionary work in the towns of Walworth County nearest his charge. The sketch is as follows:

" On the new charge (Rochester and Burlington), there were two classes formed by Bro. Worthington during this year. The first was formed in Pufier's Schoolhouse on Spring Prairie in the summer of ISIO, and included in its member.ship, Mr. and Mrs. John M. Cowham, Lansing Lewis and Mrs. Lewis, his mother. Bro. Cowham was the leader. The other class was org'anized in Lyonsdale, with Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Lyon, Mr. and Mrs. Fletcher Lyon, Mi-, and Mrs. Ansel "Waite, Mr. and Mrs. Marshall and Mrs. Jones. Hon. William P. Lyon, of

"In 1811, Rev. L. F. Moulthrop was appointed to the Troy Circuit. He remained the second year, and h;vi a-i a coUeagas th3 excellent R?v. HMiry Whitehead, so long and well known by the preachers of the Northwest in connection with the Chicago Book Depository.

"At Round Prairie a class was formal. The m?mbcirs, as far as ascertained, were Rev. James Flanders, local preacher, Mr. and Mrs. Houghteu, Mrs. Njrcross, Father Cornice and Mr. and Mrs. Nelson Cornice.

"At Heart Prairie, the services were held in Father Worthington's log house, where a class was also organized Father Worthington, his wife and two sons, Elijah and Theodore and Mrs. Lewis, were the first members.

"At Delavan, the meetings were held alternately in Mr. Bradway's log house in the village, aid at the residenje of Mr. Piiaeviix on the prairie. The class at this place was small, and I an uiable to insert in tli'i ra3ord mo;j thxn tha nim3< of Mr. and Mrs. Bradway.

The first Baptist Church in the county was organized in Delavan September 21, 1839. Rev. Henry Top[>ing was the first pastor. An extended notice of this church appears in the town history of D.^lava'i A little later, during th^ year following - IS 1') -a Biptist Church was formgd in Geneva. The lir.st meating, at which the organization was effected, was held at the house of C. M. Baker. The first pastor was Rev. P. W. Lake.

Still another B;iptist Church was formed in Spring Prairie May 27, 1841. Rev. William R. Manning was the first pastor. It was an offshoot from the Baptist Church at Rochester, which was orgaaizsd by the Baptists of Spring Prairie, Burlington and Rochester in the fall of 1837. Further mention of this church appears in the town history of Spring Prairie. The three above msntioned are bslieved to be the earliest Baptist Churches organized in the county.

The Coagreg.itionalists organizad a church in Spring Prairie in 1840. The first meeting was held in the schojlhoiisa of District No. 5. The church msmbership comprised those of lik* faith living in the town of Burlington, as wall as those of Spring Praii'ie. Rev. S. A. D.vlnuall was one of the organizers of the chu''jh. Rev. Cyrus Nichols was the first pastor.

The Presbyterians organized a churjh in Geneva in the spring of 1839. Rev. Lemuel Hall was the first preacher. This was the first church organized in Geneva, and the first of that denomination in the county.

The Oongregationalists of Whitewater ware the first to organizp a church in that part of the county ^perhaps the first in the county. The exa^t date of the organization at Spring Prairie cannot ba obtained; that of the church at Whitewater was July 3, 1840. The first pastor was Rev. Daniel Smith Farther mantion of this church appaars in the historical sketch of the village of Whitewater.

The first Episcopalian Chiu'ch in the county was organized in Elkhorn in October, 1841 - St John's Church in the Wilderness. It was established by Bishop Kemper, and was, in its e;irlier years, under the pastoral charge of the Reverend professors of the Nashotah Divinity School - Breok Hobert and Adams - who held services alternately.

These are believed to be the earliest churches organized in the county. They are all now in existence, having stood through two generations as the early watch-towers on the walls of Zion. Thus it appears that the instrumentalities of church organization early became a potent element in the development of the character of the growing community.

The pioneer ministers did no holiday work. They were conscientious laborers in the Master's vineyard, and felt the heavy weight of responsibility that rested on them as the guardians of His trust in a "far country." They were poor in purse, and many of them eked oiit a livelihood by cultivating the land in addition to the scanty income derived from their clerical work. Much of their work gave only the return of the approval of their consciences, and the hopes of the coming verdict of approval - "Well done, thou good and faithful servant " - after earth's labors had ended. Funerals were attended wherever called, at whatever distance, regardless of the hardships incurred. Their efforts in missionary work, before the churches were organized, involved labor and privations that could have been performed and endured only luider the expdtation that comes from a thorough devotion to duty and an unquestioning, uncomplaining and trustful spirit.

The devoted followers of Loyola, at the command of the church, went to the uttermost parts of the earth to plant the seed of the church, "without staff or scrip, without question and without hope of earthly reward." In obedience to the commands of the Most High, the pioneer preachers of forty years ago, with the same spirit of self-sacrifice, came into the wilderness to plant the colors of the Christian Church in the van of the coming civilization of the West.

Among the earliest clergymen were Benjamin Perce, Lemuel Hall, P. W. Lake, Orra Martin. Henry Topping, A. Gaston, C. Morgan, Daniel Smith, Cyrus Nichols, William R. Manning and Jesse Halstead. There were other vigorous workers who preached as occasion offered - Solomon A. Dwinnell, Col. Samuel F. Phcenix, Daniel Griffin and others, whose names cannot be remembered. In the town histories, further mention will be found of these early pioneers in Christian work.

Moral Agitation

Without discussing the merits or demerits of the moral questions that forced themselves into notice, not only in this county but all over the land, it is a matter to be recorded in history that the initiative soiu-ces of agitation, far back of the times when they entered into polities, are to be traced to the eai-ly chiuches. The abolition of slavery became one of the tenets of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and resiilted in its separation into two organizations, North and

South. Out of this and other churches, to which must be added a few sturdy and conscientious men outside, came the early agitators of the slavery question on purely moral grounds. They were the early Abolitionists.

The agitation of the temperance qiiestion began vigorously at an early day, and has kept Walworth County foremost in the line of reform and prevention of the evil of intemperance even to the jiresent time. In this it is not intended to attribute the entire moral force on the temperance side to the ehiu-ches, but to treat them as the most aggressive and best organized opponents to the evil, leaving it an open question as to the wisdom of their varied and various methods of pro|)agating the reform.

Allusion has been already made to the earnest and efficient work of Col. Phoenix, one of the tu-st religious exhorters who ever preached in the county, to establish temperauce as the hand-maid of I'eligion in his infant colony at Delavan. His brother Henry was no less zealous in the temperance cause. Solomon A. Dwinnell, a clergyman as well as a reformer, thus wi'ote of his early labors in the temperance cause: " I came to Wisconsin a teetotaler, having assisted in forming the fu-st society in the United States pledged against the use of all that intoxicates, at Andover, Mass., June, 1S8'2. I have here labored to siistain these principles. In July, 1838, I lectured at Spring Prairie Corners, and assisted in forming a society of about twenty members - the fh'st known to us in Walworth County.

"On the 1st day of Januaiy, 1839, twenty of us, men and women, met in a small room at Elkhorn, exchanged greetings, some for the first time, listened to an address by B. C. Perce, Esq., of Gardner's Prairie, and organized a Coimty Temperance Society which lived many years and its influence still survives. Among those present were C. M. Goodsell, S. F. Phoenix, J. Spooner, J. "W. Vail and John F. Potter.

" In January, 1 840, a small band of us met in a log schoolhouse in Troy, the same in which the Presbjiierian and Congregational Convention was organized, in October of the same year, and fonned a society for the Territory. We were very zealous and full of hope for the future. Addi-esses were given by S. F. Phcenix, Stephen Peet, A. Finch, Jr., M. Frank and others."

Another temperance society was formed in Geneva, December 25, 1839. The fu'st meeting was held at the house of C. M. Baker. Fifty members took the pledge at the time of its organization. During the year 1840, seventj' more joined the society. The fli-st officers of this vigorous association were: President, Benjamin Ball; Vice President, John Chapiu; Secretary, C. M. Baker; Executive Committee, C. M. Goodsell, W^illiam K. May and Mon-is Ross.

Article 16 - Believing the use of all intoxicating ilrinks as a beverage to be needless, dangerous and hurtful, we will neither drink nor vend, nor manufacture the same to be drank, nor admit to our communion any who do not conform to this rule.

Akticle 17 - Believing that American slavery is an institution hi opposition to the law of God and the advancement of the kingdom of Christ, and the happiness and sacred priveleges of more than 100,000 of our brethren, theiefore, we, in tlie face of God, solemnly protest against it, and cannot fellowship those who are directly or indirectly engaged in it.

On December 9, 1843, the articles and covenants of the Spring Prairie Baptist Church were revised, and in the covenant the following clause was inserted:

Thtis another of the early churches arrayed herself beside her elder sister. Itisqttite likely that a perusal of the articles and covenants of the other early churches would show that they had taken a like positive stand against the twin evils. The above have come to notice, and are recorded as showing the general stand taken on these two absorliing questions, one of which was washed out in rivers of blood, the other, unhappily, remaining yet to vex the souls of humanitarians and Christians who, with forty years of faithful labor, have stayed the flood of tribulation and soiTow, but have not dried its sources.

As has already been stated, the anti-slavery cause found stanch adherents in Walworth County from the beginning. Even among the comers of 1830 were several of the then ivnjjopnlar race of Garrisonian Abolitionists. Dwinnell, the Phoenixes, Dyer, Elder Manning and many others, were the uncompromising enemies of the system and braved danger and contumely in defense of their principles.

The first " Underground Railway " from Milwaukee to Canada was located through the eastern part of the coimty as early as 1843, and no fleeing slave was ever captured on the Walworth section of the line. The first passenger sent safely through was the slave girl, Caroline Quarlles, a quadroon who had escaped from her owners and fled to Milwaukee, to which place her pursuers had tracked her. It soon came to the ears of the Abolitionists of the town that she was to be claimed by process of law and returned to slavery. It was at once determined to ship her to Canada by the Underground Railway. The starting-point of the journey was in Waukesha County, to which point she was carried in the night, being conveyed across the river and out of the city by Asahel Finch, now one of the leading lawyers of Milwaukee. From the boundary of the city she was taken to Pewaukee by Samiiel Brown, father of the present Mayor of Milwaukee. On the way he was met by a party from Waukesha, who were returning fi'om a fruitless search for the girl. They passed him, not suspecting that he carried the object of their search in the bottom of his wagfon. Farther on, his vehicle Isroke down. He moiinted his horse, took the girl before him, and landed her at the first station of the Undergi'ound Railway, in Pewaukee, laefore daylight. For several days she was secreted there, in Waukesha, and other parts of Waukesha County, being removed from place to place by night to avoid her piu'- suers, as often as they <liscovered her place of concealment. Early in August, 1843, her joiu-ney to Canada and fi'eedom by the Undei'grouud Railway began.

Lyman Goodenow, of Waukesha, was the man chosen to take Cm'oliue through to Canada. She had been sent into Walworth County for safety, fi-oni whence Goodenow was to take her on her perilous jom-ney. She was at first secreted in the house of Solomon A. Dwinnell, who gives the following account:

" Early of an Aiigust morning, in the year 1843. a loud rap was heard at om- door at Spring Prairie, Walworth County. I at once arose, and, upon opening the door, was accosted by Deacon Ezra Mendall, of Waukesha, and two associates, with a slave girl ap]>arently about eighteen years old, of fine figure and light yellow complexion. They said to me, "We have work here for you. This girl is hotly pm-sued, and a large reward is offered, and many are out hunting for her. We wish you to conceal her to-day, and to-night remove her to another place, so that she cannot be tracked. We will come in a few days and take her. We must leave at once to avoid being seen here by daylight. As they arose to leave, the poor girl looking at them anxiously, and with an expression of terror that I can never forget, inquired, 'Ai-e you leaving me with friends? Am I safe herel' Giving her an affirmative answer, they took leave. The girl was concealed during the day, and the following night was placed in cai'e of Deacon J. C. P., at Gardner's Prairie, where she remained a few days, when the cars of the Underground Railroad conveyed her to what was then " the land of the free " in the dominion of the British Queen, where at the last advices she was prosperoiTs and happy."

Goodenow and Deacon Mendall, having left the slave in the care of Dwinnell, returned to Waukesha. The story is continued substantially in his own words:

" We came home by a different route fi'om that on which we went, and found everything serene. We had not l)een missed from Prairieville (Waukesha). Those fellows were satisfied she had left the place, and, for two or three days, a few friends of us talked of the affair, and concluded that, though the people the girl was with were stanch Abolitionists, we did not know how good managers they were. The more we talked the more fearful we were she would be found. Finally, we decided that one of us should go and take the girl through to some station on the Underground Railroad, and they pitched upon me, being an old bachelor with no family to keep me from going, as the proper one to do the job. At this time money was not plenty in Prairieville, as every one was paying for his land. I had to start away with very little money. I rode my horse to Deacon Edmund Clinton's, as I always did when I wanted to get him shod, with a rope-halter on so as not to look suspicious. It was about dark. I told the Deacon I wanted his saddle, bridle and all the money he had. 'I am going on a skeerup, and I may be obliged to pay the Queen a visit befoi-e I get back,' said I. He handed me ¥5, all the money he had by him. That made $8 with what I had, to start with. I mounted my horse and started for the oak openings. Went through North Prairie, Eagle and to West Troy. Before reaching the last place it began to rain, and it was the darkest night I had- ever seen. Lost my way several times, and did not reach my destination till 7 or 8 o'clock in the morning, I had breakfast, baited my horse and dried my clothes till noon. I was startled to find Caroline gone. I was more easy, however, when I found that they had moved her Tuesday night to Gardner's Prairie (two miles from Burlington), where she was left, but they didn't know at whose house. I started for Gardner's Prairie to hunt her up, and on the way stojiped at Elder Manning's. He had not heard there was such a girl as Caroline, and knew nothing about the excitement connected with her case, having been confined to the house by illness. He declared his intention of going with me to the Prairie to find the girl, in s))ite of the pleadings of his wife, who thought it too great a risk for his health, this being his first day out of bed. The weather had cleared and we started, the Elder going straight from his bed to his horse. We rode to Mr. Peffers', who, knowing the Elder, upon being questioned, said the girl was there. I was acquainted with the brothers Arms, Abolitionists, and went to them. They called in two or three other Eriends to consult what to do, and, while talking. Dr. Dyer, father of Judge Charles E. Dyer, came along. He proved to be the Commander- in chief - a strong Abolitionist, the greatest and best friend to humanity. We could not keep the doctor from seeing the girl; so we all went down where she was, and held another consultation, when it was decided that I should take Mr. Cheneiy's buggy and harness and continue the journey to safety and freedom. Dr. Dyer went home and made preparations. He came back with a pillow-case full of cakes, pies and cheese, to be used in case of an emergencj'. He inquired into my finances. I told him what I had. He commanded the friends to draw their wallets, and took up enough to make $20 with what I had. The doctor gave me a recommendation, the best I ever had, and an a))peal to the friends of humanity to assist me without question to the extent of my asking. I believe there was never an appeal like that written by mortal man before or since. It would almost stir the heart of a stone.

" While at this place just before night, who should we see coming up the hill biit Arnold and Spencer, still wearily but doggedly pursuing the fugitive girl. Caroline, myself and the rest of the party were out in the yard, but, fortunately, were not seen. When night came on, we started from Dr. Dyer's, Caroline on the buft'alo-robe in the bottom of the buggy, which covered her so no one would know but that I had a shee]i or a quarter of veal."

Mr. Chenery accompanied Goodenow to the nest stopping- place, which was Elder Fitch's; thence by stages, mostly at night, stopping with trusted friends by day, through Illinois and Michigan, to Windsor, Canada, opposite Detroit, where the fugitive was left a free woman on British soil by her faithful conductor. The jom'ney going and returning took Goodenow five weeks, diu-ing which time he was fed and sped from station to station by the willing employes of the Underground Railway, a liranch of which, as will be seen liy the above story, ran through the eastern part of Walworth County.

The Beginning Of Husbandry

In 1881, there were, under cultivation in Walworth County, 95.0(10 acres of plowed land- Besides, there were 47,0(»0 acres of fenced mowing and pasture land, giving sustenance to 10,- 000 horses, 27,000 neat cattle, 108,000 sheep and lambs and 25,000 swine. There were also 4,000 acres of fruit-bearing trees.

At the commencement of the year 1836, the plow had never turned a furrow; there was not a white inhabitant in the county, nor horse, nor ox, nor sheep, nor swine. That yeai- saw the beginning of the vast agi'icultm-al domain of 18S1 above mentioned.

The first sod was turned by Palmer Gardner, still living in Burlington, Racine County, and owning the land he first tilled. He commenced plowing on Section 25 in the present town of Spring Prairie, May 2, 183fi, and |)lowed eighteen acres, which he sowed to wheat, bailey and oats. This was also the first of these cereals sown in the county. About a week later, Othni

Beardsley plowed a few aci'es around some quarter stakes iu Troy, to secure his claim, and the same spring Jesse Meacham and Adolphus Spoor plowed some eight acres. Mr. David Pratt and Solomon Harvey plowed five acres each in Spring Prairie, in June, 1S30, on Section 30. On it they planted a few potatoes and sowed the rest to buckwheat. Isaac Chase and William Bentley also broke ground and put in their first seed in the same year, on Sections 28 and 29. Daniel Salisbury broke four acres in the svmimer of 1836. which was planted to potatoes in 1837. According to Mr. Solomon A. Dwinnell, who came in himself in 1836, the above constitutes the whole of the tillage of 1836. He wrote, Janiiary 1, 1868:

" Thirty-one years ago, there were but foru' fenced and plowed fields in the county within my knowledge. Spoor and Meacham had one at Honey Creek, now Troy, of ten acres; David Pratt and Solomon Harvey, one of five acres each, fenced together, where Calvin Hempsted now lives, on Spring Prairie; Isaac Chase and William J. Bentley, a field of twelve acres just east of the large burr-oak tree on the present farm of R. B. Billings, a mile east of Spring Prairie Corners and Palmer G.irdner, one of forty acres, on his farm just east of his present residence on Prairie. The grain then raised must have been limited to a few hiindred bushels of sod corn and buckwheat, and the vegetables to a score or two of bushels of potatoes and tm-nips."

The total number of acres cultivated the first year could not have exceeded one hundred including a few small patches of vegetable garden at Geneva, Delavan and East Troy.

The first ajaple-seods were planted by Daniel Salisbury on his claim in Spring Pi-airie in the fall of 1836. They grew well and made stocks on which to graft. Mr. Salisbmy obtained the seeds fi-om Mrs. William Phcsnix. Samuel C. Vaughn, of Spring Prairie, brought fi-om Michigan two dozen grafted apple trees and put them out in March, 1837. They bore the first apples grown in the county. Mr. E. Cheesebro. of Darien, brought about two quarts of appleseeds in when he came, in 1837, and planted them the same fall. Many of the trees are still - living and bear good fruit. John Bell had quite a nursery on Palmer Gardner's farm, iu Spring Prairie, in 1837 and 1838. He furnished the trees for many of the earliest orchards set out.

In 1837, the comers of 1836. having got generally settled in their cabins, went at the soil in earnest and tracts were put under cultivation in nearly every town in the county. Some very large tracts were plowed, the largest of which mention is made was on Big Foot Prairie, where Van Slyke, who settled there in the fall of 1836, plowed 100 acres, and Collins Wadhams took a contract to break 500 acres for five settlers between Walworth Center and the State line. The fm-rows were two and one half miles long. The Phoenixes, at Delavan, the colony at Elkhorn and others all over the county, plowed large tracts and farming may be said to have been fairly begun that year

"In 1836," says Mr. Dwinnell, "there wore about one hundi-ed head of cattle in the county, five or six horses, a few swine, perhaps fifty, and no sheep. From these small beginnings the increase and progress was unexampled, as will be seen by the following reliable statistics of the «ounty for 1839, which are taken from the United States census report of 1840: Population, 2,611; domestic animals - 409 horses, 2,861 neat cattle, 410 sheep and 6,380 swine. Products of 1839 - 59,580 bushels of wheat, 1,499 bushels of barley, 35,155 bushels of oats, 205 bushels of rye, 40,837 bushels of corn, 42,455 bushels of potatoes, 3,624 tons of hay and 1 pound of reeled silk.

It will be seen by the above statement that at the close of 1839, the settlers had, from the «rops of only two years, come to have a surplus of grain, beef and pork, far beyond their wants, and were, so far as provisions went, a prosperous and forehanded community. Such sudden and bounteous returns for agricultural labor were unprecedented, and the fame of the Walworth farming country brought in a deluge of immigration, which made its rapid settlement no less phenomenal than its fertility. At the beginning of 1837, the population did not exceed 200; at the close of that year, it had increased to 1,019; in 1840, it had more than doubled, being which number again more than doubled in the succeeding two years, being, in 1842, vValwokth County Militia - Sixth Regiment Wisconsin Militia - The Grand Muster - A Court Martial - Moral Indignation - The War of the Rebellion - Fourth Wisconsin Cavalry - Tenth Wisconsin Infantry - Thirteenth Wisconsin Infantry - Twenty- second Wisconsin Infantry - Twenty-eighth Wisconsin Infantry - Fortieth Wisconsin Infantry - Forty-ninth Wisconsin Infantry - Roster of Officers Walworth County - Troops and Money Furnished.

THE statutes of the Territory of Wisconsin were profuse in provisions for the enrollment, organization, equipment, di-ill and inspection of the militia, and in accordance therewith, the first Governor, Henry Dodge, had an enrollment taken, commissioned the officers, and had the whole militia force of the Territory on a war footing, on pajter. There was, however, little militai-y ardor among the pioneers. They were more engrossed in the serious business of subduing the soil and making for themselves homes, than in playing soldier in time of peace. So it came to pass that the militai-y statutes, by common consent, were disregarded, and the appointed Captains and Colonels had never mustered their commands in accordance with the law, nor even seen them, except in small squads, plowing in the fields, or in detachments at the various "raisings" in the county. Thus it was in January, 1842, when Gov. Doty took the gubernatorial chair.

At that time, rumors were rife that an alliance had been formed by all the vai-ious tribes of Indians west of the Mississippi, who had ceded their lands, with the intent of invading the Territory, massacreiug the whites, and re-possessing themselves of their former hunting-gi-ounds. The rumor obtained sufficient credence to impel Gov. Doty to prepare for the impending danger. He accordingly issued his proclamation for a thorough organization of the militia throughout the TeiTitory, and ordered the officers then commissioned to see their commands fully em-olled, di-illed and mustered for review, at the time and in manner as by law provided, on pain of the penalties prescribed for non-performance of military duty.

The law required, first, that the commissioned and non-commissioned officers and musicians of the several regiments and separate battalions should meet within their several districts not less than three nor more than six days, successively. l)etween the 1st day of -June and the 1st day of September in each year, for the piu-pose (if discipline and improving in martial exercise,- second, all unifoi-med companies were to meet, in addition to the general rendezvous, not less than three nor more than eight days in each year, and as much oftener as a majority- of all the members of their company may direct, for the purpose of di'ill and mai'tial exercise; third, the regiments, or separate battalions, to meet once in each yeai-, between the lOtli day of September and the 15th day of October, at such time and place as the commanding officer of the brigade should direct, for the pm-pose of inspection, review and martial exercise.

The penalties varied in accordance with the offense connnitted - $10 tine against any person refusing to give information to the em-oiling officer; $5 for non-attendance of a private, besides such other penalties as a court martial might inflict.

Col. Edward Elderkin held command. It is not within the province of this department o' history to enlarge on the varied accomplishments or qualities of Col. Elderkin in the walks o' civil life. He was a lawyer of good repute, one of the first admitted to the Walworth County bar. He has served the county in various capacities. He was the faithful Secretary of the

Walworth County Agricultiu'al Society for twelve years. He lias been an enterprising and stirring man of aflairs. He is remembered as a man of large heart and most jovial disposition. He still lives amid the scenes of his younger days to tell of the good old times of forty years ago. These traits must receive merited mention elsewhere. It is of the military career of Col. Elderkiij, detached fi-om his civil life, though siuTounding it with a halo which years have not dispelled, that now rivets the attention.

The Colonel was at that time in the heyday of early manhood, straight as an arrow, and, when fairly mounted, sat a horse as no other man in Walworth County could. Remarkable sim ilarities are often noted in the careers of men widely separated by distance and time. A parallel is not wanting in this instance.

Col. Elderkin was, when he assumed command of his regiment, of the same age of Napoleon when appointed to the command of the army of Italy. He also weighed in the same notch of the steelyards, and was of his exact height - five feet six inches. Here, much to the credit of the Colonel, the pai'allel dissolves into marked contrast. Napoleon waxed fat; Col. Elderkin grew lean. Napoleon deluged his country and Em-ope in blood; Col. Elderkin spilt no gore in Walworth County or elsewhere. Napoleon allowed his ambition " to o'erleap itself," and died an exile and a prisoner, at middle age, on the island of St. Helena; Elderkin. more level-headed, cm-bed his ambition, and, avoiding exile and death, his " arms hung up as monuments," he lives in the ripeness of his years, to show that " peace hath her victories no less than war."

That his likeness in statm-e and weight to Napoleon the Great was no matter of mere chance, and that he, like his renowned prototype, was a " child of destiny," is illustrated by an incident in his early childhood. The male members of his family were men of gigantic statm-e and her culean strength. His father stood six feet three in his stockings, and his brothers were taller still. He was a sizable baby, and grew prodigiously till six years of age, having at that time attained to nearly his present height. Another year of such growth would have made him taller than Napoleon. The fates here interposed. At that time, he was di-owned. Fortimately for himself and his country, his father succeeded in resuscitating him after the doctors had given up the job, but his further growth was stoi)ped for the succeeding ten years. He himself avers that, on teaching his first school, at the age of sixteen, he wore the identical jacket in which he was drcjwned.

His early military sei-vice peculiarly titted him for a militia command. He had knovm Gen. John Crawford in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., before his removal to Milwaukee in 1836. In 1841, the General was appointed as Chief Marshal of the Day forthe Fom-th of July celebration of that year. His regimentals and accouterments had gro\\Ti musty with disuse. His sword was rusty in its scabbard; fi-om his epaulets the glitter had fled, and the buttons of his coat were lusterless. In this dilemma, he sent for his friend Elderkin, who, in the short space of three days, by dint of hard labor and the use of much chalk, whiting and other scouring materials, restored the ancient uniform to its pristine glory. The General appeai-ed in it on the 4th, and was himself the finest military display ever held in the Territory. Elderkin did not go unrewarded for his arduous but modest service. His skill in the polishing of accouterments soon reached the ear of Gov. Dodge, and, in February, 1841, he received his commission, which read as follows:

Henry Dodge

KNOW YE. That repo.sinjr special trust and confldence in the valor, patriotism and ability of Edward Iderkin, I have nominated, and. l)y and with the consent of the Legislative Council, appointed him Colonel of the. Sixth Ueyiinent of M'iscoiisin Militia.

And I do hereby authorize and empower him to execute and fulfill tlie duties of that ofHce according to law; To HAVE .\nd'to HOLD the said office, with all the rights, privileges and emoluments thereunto belonging, until the Governor of tlie said Territory for the time being shall think proper to determine and revoke this Commission.

Henry Doty

Thus Col. Elderkin stood at the head of the militia at the becrinniiig of the year 1842. The sudden effort of Gov. Doty to put the troops of Walworth County on a war footing would have put a less courageous officer to his trtunps. Not so with the Colonel. He immediately scoured up his aecouterments, and summoned his staff and a few trusty officers to a council of war.

The field officers and officers of the line, so far as they can be ascertained, were as follows: Colonel, Edward Elderkin, Elkhorn; Lieutenant Colonel, Urban D. Meacham, Troy; Major, James A. Maxwell, Big Foot; Adjutant, Abel W. Wright, East Troy.

The Captains were: Lucius Allen, East Troy company; James Harkness, Sr., La Fayette company; P. G. HaiTington, Sugar Creek company; Capt. Palmer, La Grange company; J. L. Pratt, Whitewater company; and several others not remembered.

It was decided that there shoiild be thorough work dm'ing the summer, and that the general mxTster should show to the Indians and the rest of mankind that the soldiery of Walworth County were able to defend their hearthstones and homes against any force from without that might assail.

The whole county was up in arms. Between the company trainings and the officers' drills, held at various points in the county, the Colonel and his staff were kept extremely busy, and slept but little diu-ing the summer, except in the saddle. The command had never yet been mustered for regimental parade or drill, but, as the time approached, the Colonel and his staff looked forward with confidence, believing that, as a whole, they would prove unsm'passed and unsurpassable in perfection of tactics and strictness of militaiy discipline. The martial spirit was still further aroused by the following order, issued by Maj. Gen. Graves, on assuming command, late in the simimer:

Division Orders, No. 1

3. Pursuant to instructions from the Commander-in-Chief, the commanding officers of the severar regiments, constituting the First Division Wisconsin Militia, will report direct to the Adjutant General as soon as practicable, the number of their several commands (without waiting for a general muster), in order that a correct aggregate may ))e returned to the Secretary of War, and the full quota of arms to which Wiscon.siii is entitled may be received.

3. Commanding officers of regiments will immediately ascertain whether the Captains in their several commands have caused enrollments to be made according to law, and if anj- have neglected their duty, report them to the Commander-in-Chief, and at the same time nominate men to that office who will discharge the duties of such office.

4. The Brigadier Generals will see that every regiment in the First Division Wisconsin Militia, are ordered out for general inspection, and will inform me as early as practicable, of the time and place of holding such general inspections.

.5. The division staff officers will hold themselves in readiness to accompany me, in full uniform, on a tour of inspection the coming fall.

6. Any neglect of duty on the part of ofi3cers or privates composing the First Division Wisconsin Militia, will be visited with the penalties of the law.

7. Harvey Birchard and Henry S. Brown are hereby appointed Aids-de-Camp to the Major General; W. W. Brown. Division Paymaster, \n place of Eliphalei Cramer, who declines the appointment, and William A. Barstow, Division Inspector, in place of CJiarles Delafield, deceased. They will be obeyed and respected accordingly.

Ample preparations for the review were made. In addition to the regular ' music, fife and drum, ftirnished by each company, a regimental band was engaged from abroad. The commissary department was placed in chai-ge of Emery Thayer and Gorliam Bunker, of East Troy, who began the erection of their dining-hall two days before the time appointed for the muster. When completed, it was capable of feeding as many at a time as could find standing room, and, as will be seen, played no small part in the military drama.

The Grand Muster

The time appointed for the rendezvous of the " Sixth" was October 5, 1842; the place. Elkhorn. On the preceding evening, several companies marched into camp to the music of the fife and drum. Some took up their quarters for the night in the then unfinished building, after- ward the Center House, and in the court hoiise. Some found hospitable entertainment at the dwellings of the citizens. Many took lodgings in the stables and such other places of shelter as showed an open door. Elkhorn was full of soldiery, who tossed in troiibled sleep, dreaming of the big event that was at hand.

As rose the " sun of Austerlitz," so rose the sun of the Walworth Coimty muster, shedding its brightest rays over the fields and woods, brown with the touch of early frosts, and beautiful in the hazy embrace of the Indian summer. Up rose the sun, and up rose the soldiers at Elkhorn, at Sugar Creek, at Walworth, at Whitewater, at Delavan, at La Fayette, at Troy, at Geneva; the shi'ill fife and the snarling drum drowned the song of birds, and tore the air with warlike din as it was never torn before. All were marching to the place of rendezvous. At 9 o'clock, the companies began to aiTive, each being greeted with volleys of musketry and shouts of welcome by their brothers in arms more early on the field. At 10, the last company had reached the field and the line was formed. In addition to the companies of the " Sixth " were detachments from several companies of the Racine County regiment, who were entertained as guests at commissary headquarters. They all took place in line, and added not a little to the number and magnificence of the cohort.

With a few tangles and snarls, the regiment was formed in line of review on Walworth street, the left resting on Elder Lee's tavern, and the line extending south an indefinite distance toward Delavan. The sight as a military display was never equaled in Walworth Coiinty. The rank and file, including visiting soldiers from Burlington and other towns of Racine County, numbered not less than twelve hundred. The soldiers were clad diversely. Prosper Cravath states that they came "some with hats and some without, some with coats and some without, and those who had shirts wore them, and those who did not have them came without" Be this as it may, they were in line. Their arms, through no fault of theirs, were not of a uniform pattern, but the best the county afforded. Every shot-gun, long-tom, bell-muzzle, rifle, horse-pistol or other firearm in the county was in the line, yet over half were obliged to go thi-ough the manual drill with laths, broom-sticks, ax-handles, and such other substitutes as would pass the considerate inspection of Inspector General Champion T. Hutchinson, of Rockjiort, w-hose duty it was that day to see that they came " armed and epiaipped as the law directs." What the soldiers lacked in soldierly apparel and arms was amply made up by their own martial bearing and the gay uniforms of the officers of the line, all of whom wore imported suits, glittering side-arms, with pomporis epaulets, etc,, etc. The field officers were dressed in the full military dress of that day - a sort of composite transition style, between the old continental and the modern - cocked hats, enormous epaulets, blue coat and pants trimmed with gold, and a crimson silk sash. Knee breeches had gone out of fashion even at that early day. The inspection was followed by the grand review, by Brig. Gen. Bullen, of Racine. It passed off much to the credit of the command, and Col. Elderkin was highly complimented by Gen. Bullen on the soldierly bearing, excellent drill and fine discipline of his regiment, which, he affirmed, surpassed that of any other regiment he had seen in the State. The review being over, the soldiers were given an intermission for refreshment and rest before the battalion drill and marching exercises of the afternoon should commence. They broke ranks and repaired to the commissaiy department for refreshments, which were partaken of in true picnic style by broken squads scattered about under the trees of the park. Would that the curtain of oblivion could be drawn over the further exercises of that day! Loyalty to the ti'uth of histoiy only, impels to the continued recital.

At 2 o'clock, the long roll called the scattered soldiers to the line. They came with alacrity, but many of them with unsteady steps. Some soldiers lost their companies, and it is stated that one Captain could not recognize his own command, but insisted on assuming a new command, elbowing the rightfvTl officer out of his place. In vain were the efi'orts to form the regiment in double file, though the command, " Form in two streaks," rang through the woods and along the line. An horn- brought the most of them out of the woods into the street, where the commander could look them in the eye The sonrowful truth flashed upon him from along the whole crooked line that his regiment had fallen from its high estate, and was, as a whole, slightly intoxicated. He saw with chagrin that discipline was lax. Some of his best soldiers were whittling up their arms before his very eyes. The Fife Major insisted on playing while the commands were being given, and the Drum Major showed his skill simultaneously by beating that marvel of execution on the suare-tlruju known as the double-ilrag. The Colonel, the Lieutenant Colonel, the Major and the Adjvitant blushed crimson with shame, from their noses up their foreheads and down their necks. They retired to the commissarv stand for consultation. Before their return, the boozy regiment had got through their heads the cominand given by the Colonel some fifteen minutes before - "By platoons, by the right flank, march 1 " - and, led by the Fife Major, had started on the march to Delavau. The officers, on retiu-ning to the field, saw the rear of the inebriated regiment, with a peculiar swaying gait, weaving its way along the road, which, wide as it was, could scarcely fm'nish room for the open order and sudden obliques to the right and left that characterized its march. It was getting under fearful headway, and no time was to be lost in bringing it under control. To halt it by word of command was as impossible as it had been to start it a short time before. The field officers, by a rapid detour, came out in front at the first cross-road, where, by violent gesticulation and shouts, they headed them off, and, by a roundabout way, got them back to Elkhorn. The hilarious element, overpowered by the labors of the day, fell out along the line of march; the balance stood up soberly in line, and, after receiving the thanks of the Colonel for their soldierly behavior diu'ing the trying scenes of the day, were dismisseil, and betook themselves to their homes. They were followed by their less abstemious companions at intervals, as fast as they became sufficiently sober to understand that the muster was over. These last to leave the field carried renown mingled with the odor of rum to the uttermost parts of the county.

The militia law provided that each commandant of a regiment or separate battalion, within twenty days after the annual inspection, " should furnish the commandant of his brigade a local description of such regiment or separate battalion, together with a roster of the commissioned officers of such regment."

A Court Martial

A coui't martial was held in accordance with law, at Elkhorn, Novemlier 'i5, 1842, and sat ten days. Maj. James A. Maxwell was Judge Advocate. P. G. Harrington was President of tlie Coiu't. All delinquents for disorderly or unmilitary conduct, absence, or other violation of the militia law, were then brought to jiidgment. The board was relentless in imposing tines for absence, which, in the aggregate, amounted to several hundred dollars. The warrants were placed in the hands of the Sherifi", who collected sufficient to pay the expenses of the coiu"t, and some other incidental expenses attending the muster. What more he collected, if anything, he put in his pocket for his trouble, as he was authorized to do by the court. The Sheriff' had some troiible in forcing collections, owing to various mistakes which occiUTed in the premises, and occasionally shot so wide of the mark as to have only his labor for his pains.

In the Spring Prairie company were enrolled fom* Salisbm-ys liable to military duty - Daniel (Sergeant), and Christopher, Ansel and Elisha. Sergeant Daniel, one of the upright soldiers of that day, called the roll and checked off Elisha as absent. The court martial tried Chris, and issued a waiTant for the collection of the tine from the Orderly, Daniel himself. Thus, when the attempt to collect was made, the Salisbm\v tribe were thrown into inextricable confusion, and the Sheriff gave up the job long before matters were unsnarled.

Moral Indignation

The regiment, as has been intimated, showed signs of inebriety on the afternoon of muster day. Of the individual soldiers on parade, jirobably not one in three took a drop of anj-thing strong, but the others took sufficient to make the regiment average not sober. The temperance element were scandalized, and, when the coiu't martial had risen without taking any cognizance of the scandal, it was determined to prosecute the commissary department in behalf of the Government for selling liquor in violatien of law. Accordingly, Gorham Bunker and Emery Thayer were indicted. The trial was held in Elkhorn, and nearly the entire regiment were summoned to testify. Strange as it may seem, it was, in the face of the fact of two hunthvd men drunk on the occasion, quite difficult to prove the offense. Those who got drunk could remember nothing, and those who kept sober knew nothing about it. After the trial had proceeded for nearly a day, the case was brought to a summary close, and a nolle iwoseqid entered, on presentation of the written permission of the commanding officer allowing the accused to furnish refreshments and di'inks, backed by the following very explicit clause of law:

" If any person, during parade, shall encroach on the parade ground previously designated, or shall then and there sell, or offer to sell or give away, any spirituous liquors, without jjermission of the commanding officer, or shall have in his possession any gambling table or other gambling device, such persons may be put and kept under the guard by such commander until the setting of the sun on the same day; and such liquor, gaming table, or other gambling device, may be abated or destroyed as a nuisance, by order of the commandant"

Bunker and Thayer were acquitted, and, after a hilarious gathering and supper, returned to East Troy vindicated, or at least acquitted of all intent to violate the law.

There ai-e no records vouching for the correctness of the foregoing recital. It is gathered from tradition, and is doubtless faulty in many particulars.

The Indian scare died out, as did all military ardor. For twenty years thereafter, scarcely a company rallied in Walworth County. When next the call came, with equal zeal the call was answered, and in numbers thousands strong. The story is one of bravery, fortitude, f)atriotism, victory, death - marked by the gi-aves of Walworth's sons all over the South. Smiles melt to tears as the story is told of the reality of war that fell upon the sons of the men who mustered on the field of Elkhorn in 1842.

The War Of The Rebellion

The letter referred to in the telegram, was received by the Governor, giving special instructions in regard to the mustering-in of the regiment, the rendezvous, which was to be at Madison - the quota assigned to each State, etc.

For the first time in the history of this Federal Government, organized treason has manifested itself within several States of the Union, and armed rebels are making war against it. The proclamation of the President of the United States tells of unlawful combinations, too powerful to be suppressed in the ordinary manner, aid calls for militar}- forees to suppress such comliiuations, and to sustain him in executing the laws. The treasures of the country must no longer be plundered; the public property must be protected from aggressive violence; that already seized must be retaken, and the laws must be executed in every State of the Union alike.

A demand made upon Wisconsin by the President of the United States for aid to sustain the Federal arm must meet with a prompt response" One regiment of the militia of this State will lie required for immediate service, and further services will be required as the exigencies of the Government may demand. It is a time when, against the civil and religious liberties of the people, and against the integrity of the Government of the United States, parties and politicians must be as dust in the balance. All good citizens, everywhere, must join in making common cause against a common enemy.

Opportunities will be immediately offered to all existing military companies under the direction of the proper authorities of the State for enli.s'tment to fill the demand of the Federal Government, and I hereby invite file patriotic citizens of the State to enroll themselves into companies of seventy-seven men each, and to adyise the executive of their readiness to be mustered into service immediately. Detailed instructions will be furnished on the acceptance of companies, and the commissioned officers of each regiment will nominate their own field officers.

In limes of public danger, bad men grow bold and reckless. The property of the citizen becomes unsafe, and both public and private rights liable to be jeopardized. I enjoin upon all administrative and peace officers_ within the State renewed vigilence in the maintenance and execution of the laws, and in guarding against excesses leading to disorder among the people.

In seven days from the time of this first preclamation, thirty-six companies had tendered their service to the country, and on the roll of honor was the company from Geneva, Capt. Koundy, at first enrolled as Company F, Fourth W^isconsin Infantry, and afterward known as Company F, Fourth Wisconsin Cavalry.

The thirty-six companies that so early proffered their services were ordered to rendezvous at Madison, and the First Regiment was immediately organized. When the companies were originally formed, it was snpjiosed that the call was for three months only, but when it was known that the Govermnent required enlistment for three years or diu'ing the war, they, with one exception, accepted the proposition, and were embodied in the first six regiments raised by the State, participating ia the severest actions of the war, and ranking everywhere and at all times among the most brave and reliable companies. The Whitewater comjiany, Capt. Curtice, reported )-eady for service a very short time after the Geneva - probably only a few days - and its officers received their commissions on the same day - April 25. It was also assigned to the Fourth Infantry, as Company A. The following were the first officers of the two companies:

Company A (Whitewater Light Infantry) - Captain, Charles E. Curtice, Whitewater; First Lieutenant, Frank L. Kiser, Whitewater; Second Lieutenant, Philo A. Castle, Whitewater.

Charles E. Ciu'tice served until Mai'ch '2(S, 1868, when he was honorably dischai'ged, and afterward re-entered the service as Paymaster of the Fourth Cavalry.

Daniel C. Roundy received a commission as Assistant Surgeon of Fourth Infantry June 24, 1861; was promoted to Surgeon of Thirty-seventh Infantry on May 7, 1864.

Nelson F. Craigue, of Delavan, took command of the company October 29, 1862; was promoted to Major of the Fourth Wisconsin Cavalry June 9, 1864 (the regiment was changed to cavalry September 1, 1863); was j^romoted to Lieutenant Colonel January 6, 1865, and to Colonel November 9, 1865, remaining in service until the close of the war.

Any history of companies after their assignment to regiments must necessarily be in a gi'eat measm'e the history of the regiment itself, but their special movements can be partially traced, and the name of every Walworth County soldier that appears on record as having been killed or wounded in action, or died of disease, has been carefully noted. Nevertheless, it is scai'cely probable that anything like a complete list has ever been sent to Madison, or can, after this length of time, be obtained.

Fourth Wisconsin Cavalry

Companies A and F were assigned to the Fourth Regiment, Col. Halbert E. Paine commanding, early in May, and were ordered to rendezvous at Camp Utley, Racine, early in June. They were mustered into the United States service on the 2d of July, and left the State on the 15th of the same month, under orders to report at Baltimore, Md., at which place they arrived on the 23d. The regiment was supplied with efficient arms at Baltimore, and detailed to guard the railroads in that vicinity, in wliich duty it was employed until the 4th of November. At that time, it eml)arked on an expedition to the eastern shore of Virginia, being absent from Baltimore a little more than a month. On the 19th of February, 1862, the regiment was ordered to Fortress Monroe, and thence to Ne\v[)ort News, where it remained in camp until March. March 12, it joined Gen. Butler's forces on Shij) Island, on the north shore of the Gulf of Mexico. The fleet of Capt. Farragut, the mortar-boats of Capt. Porter and Gen. Butler's forces had united at this point preparatory to the operations against New Orleans. On the 15th of March, the Fourth again embarked, iiud sailed toward the Southw-est Pass, and remained from the 17th to the 27th, cruising about in search of a foothold. The forts below the city were surrendered to Commodore Farragut on the 29th, a detachment of the Fom-th being landed in the rear of Fort St. Philip to prevent the escape of its garrison before the surrender. The city was entered by our troops on the 1st of May, the Fom-th Wisconsin being the second regiment to land. The regiment remained at quarters in the custom house until the 8th, when it embarked with the brigade for Vicksburg. On the 18th, they aiTived at that point, and, in an action on shore between a small detachment of the regiment and some rebel cavalry, Maj. Chittenden and Private E. B. Perry, both of Company A, were wounded - the first casualties of the regiment.

On the expedition to Vicksbiirg, July 14, 1862, Lewis Castle, of Company A, and Charles Van Norman, of Company F. were killed on board the gunboat Tyler, by the esi)losion of a shell.

The reo-iment was stationed at Baton Kouge through the remainder of the summer, the forces being once attacked by Gon. Breckinridge, who was defeated. The Fourth also formed a part of the expedition which attacked a large body of guen-illas near Bonne Carre Point with signal success. In the early part of 1863, the regiment moved to Bayou Plaquemine, on the west side of the Mississippi. On the 6th of March, it again returned to Baton Kouge, and. on the 13th, took part in the first expedition of Gen. Banks to Port Hudson.

The Fourth, Col. Bean commanding, left Baton Rouge on the 3d of April to take part in the Teche expedition. They reached Berwick City and went into camp on the 9th; commenced their march on the 11th, skirmishing constantly with the enemy. On the 12th, they arrived at Bisland's plantation, a narrow strip of land between Bayou Teche and a large swamp, where they found the rebels stongly intrenched.

The Fourth was posted for the night at a sugar house near the bayou, five companies being thrown out 200 yards in advance on picket, and forty picked marksmen stationed on the banks of the bayou to attend to the rebel gunboat Diana. The battle commenced the next morning and rao-ed until night, when om- army had advanced to within 200 yards of the enemy's works. The Fourth took position in the morning in the deep plantation ditches that ran nearly parallel with the fortifications, and formed cover for the infantry supports of the artillery. Diu-ing the night, the enemy evacuated the works, which the Fourth was the lu-s'i to enter in the morning. The only casualty reported in the two Walworth County companies was one wounded in Company A - Private E. Goodrich. The enemy was pm-sued, our armyreaching Alexandria on the 7th, the Foiuih being again in the advance and the first to enter the town. The enemy had left a few hours before. From the 7th to the 17th, the army remained at Alexandria, and on the lOth, while on a scouting expedition, the Fourth captured the entire rear guard of " Dick " Taylor. The regiment was the last to leave the city, and acted as rear guard on the march to the Mississippi.

On the 26th of May, the troops arrived at Port Hudson, and in the first terrible assault on that place. May 27, the Fourth Wisconsin, led by its young and gallant Colonel, was again in the front. The Adjutant General's report says: " In the commencement of the action, the regiment was assigned position in the third line of battle, but soon, after marching over dead and wounded men, they found themselves in front, face to face with the enemy, who disjuited every inch of gi-ound over which he was retreating. A storm of cannister and shell was hurled upon them from siege guns to the right. In twenty minutes, they had di'iven the enemy inside his works and gained a commanding position within 100 yards of the fortifications, which they held for six days before being relieved." This position was held until the surrender. The Fourth Wisconsin men soon silenced every gun of the enemy within range, but they were exposed day and night to the bullets of the sharpshooters. Col. Bean was shot on the 29th and instantly killed.

The Walworth Coimty companies suffered heavily. In Company F, the casualties were reported as follows: Killed - Sergts. William Parks and E. C. Farnum, Corp. J. S. Luce and Private A. C. Butters. Wounded - Capt, N. F. Craigue, Privates William H. Campbell (afterward died), William II. Stormes, F. H. Bunth, A. C. Bvitters, George P. Crandell and L. Waffle. In Company A, Lieut. N. H. Chittenden was wounded.

On the 1st of June, the regiment took part in Col. Grierson's cavalry expedition to Clinton, where Corp. Fish, of Company A, was wounded, and First Lieut. Daniel Maxson, of Delavan, received wounds from which he died three days later.

At the assault on the works of Port Hudson on the 14th of June, the Fourth Wisconsin was again one of the two regiments which were thrown forward as skirmishers. They did their work faithfully and nobly, but met with terrible loss. They made the first assault on the works, many falling under them killed or wounded, and some going over to be made prisoners. Many of those captured succeeded in making their escape. Company A lost in this engagement: Killed - Sergts. Moses Ptanney and Clark N. Kenyon, Corps. Thomas Duifey, William T. Ludemann and Henry A. Terry, ' Private Ashbel Patterson. Wounded - Corps. G. Finch and Thomas

Gill, Privates James Carclee, A. J. Chamberlaiu, William H. Dake, Moses Duncomli, Orlando M. Griggs and R. T. Moody. Missing - First Sergt. Hiram S. Nyce (afterward died in New York City), Sergt. S. L. Smith, Privates Jehiel Creiger, Austin Kittlesou, Nels Nelson and Daniel A. Proctor. Company F - Killed - Sergts. William H. Harkell and Daniel O'Leary, Privates William Lee, William Tabor and J. P. Tapper. Wounded - Sergt. W. W. W'inter' Corp. C. D. XTtter, Privates G. Blanchard, John Brittain, John H. Bush, W. Burton, R. R. Cronk, C. C. Coffee, S. W. Dodge, M. Fitzgerald, J. S. Gibbs, J. S. Perkins, Levi Smith, W. W. White, A. F. Wilson. J. N. Mead, A. Jerome and Geoi-ge P. Parker.

On the 25th of July, the regiment returned to Baton Rouge, where they were joined by some of the companies that had been detailed for sjiecial duty, and by numbers that had lieen in hospital. They remained in camp until, by special orders of the W'av Department, the Fourth Regiment, on the 1st of September, 186.3, was fully ecjuippcd and changed to a cavalry regiment, being kiKjwn thereafter as the Foiu-th A\'isconsin Cavalry.

After its organization as cavalry, the Fourth was actively engaged in scouting, picketing, etc., and in various expeditions against bands of guerrillas, who were constantly annoying the outposts in the vicinity of Baton Rouge. On the 11th of October, Companies F and K, Capt. Craigue commanding, were detached for duty along the left bank of the Mississippi, from Baton Rouge to opposite Donaldsonville, to jsrotect navigation, prevent trade in contraband goods, etc. They constructed a stockade work as a defense to their post, which was called Highland Stockade. On the iihh of October, Company A was detached for the post of Plaquemine, remaining there until February, 18(34. They were principally engaged in scouting.

On the 8th of March, a scouting party was sent out from Baton Roiige, iinder command of Lieut. Williams, of Company A. When five miles out, the ;idvance guard was fired uj)on from an ambush, one of the men mortally wounded, and Lieut. ^V'illiams killed. His last words before the minie ball did its fatal work were: "Fight them, boys; don't run !" The little band of twenty did tight, holding their ground against a hundred rebels, until re- enforcements arrived and the enemy tied.

Lieut. Williams was a Whitewater boy. He was a great favorite with his comjiany, and was considered one of the best scouting officers in the regiment.

On the 'I-ith of May, Capt. N. F. Craigue was jjromoted Major of the First Battalion, and on the 27th of June, the regiment went into camp at Morganza.

On the 9th of August, the regiment returned to Baton Rouge, and, on the 25th, accompanied an expedition to Clinton, La. When they reached Olive Branch, they found the bridge across the Comite River destroyed, and the enemy with artillery on the ojiposite bank. Three hundred men of the Fourth crossed the river a little lower down and flanked the rebels. They fled, and Maj. Craigue, with 100 men, swam across the river and started in pursuit. He pnrsiied them as far as Clinton with his little force, when his ammunition gave out and he was obliged to wait on the outskirts of the town for re- en for cements. The rebels made the most of the delay and escaped from the town, which was occupied by our troops at noon.

On the ()th of October, 18(54, the Fourth Cavalry, with other regiments under Gen. Lee's command, marched in less than sis hours from Baton Rouge to Clinton, La. - a distance of forty miles. A\'hen they arrived near Clinton, a small band of cavalry under command of Maj. Craigue dashed into the place in advance of the main column and captured a Colonel, several line officers and twenty-eight ]n'ivates. On the 7th of November, Companies D and F, under command of Maj. Craigue, were detailed to Highland Stockade to re-establish a post at that point. Returning to headquarters at Baton Rouge, the regiment again started, on the evening of the 14th of November, as part of the expedition of Gen. Lee to Liberty and Brookliaven, Miss. On the 17th, they reached Liberty, and on the 18th Maj, Craigue, with 4()0 men, effected a forced march of fifty miles, surprising the enemy at Brookhaven, capturing ten officers and fifty-nine men, and destroying much valuable Confederate prop(>rty. Maj. Craigue. with a detachment from the Fourth, was also the first to enter Tangipaha, on the Pascagoula expedition, under command of Gen. Davidson. On this expedition, the regiment marched about three hundred miles from Baton Rouge, arriving at Pascagoula on the 13th of December. They remained in that place two weeks, when they embarked for New Orleans, and arrived at Baton Rouge on the 5th of January, without losing a man.

Diu-ing the latter part of the winter, Company F was emialoyed in constructing a strong earthwork near Baton Eouge. With other cavalry forces, the regiment was in the vicinity of Mobile at its capitiilation, and afterward formed part of an expedition which marched through Alabama into Georgia, retm-nihg by way of Montgomery, Ala., to Columbus, Miss., and thence across the State of Mississi)ipi to Vicksbnrg, where they arrived on the r)th of June, nearly exhausted from their long march.

On the '2f)th, Companies A and F, with two others, embarked on transports for Shreveport, on the Red River, arriving on the 2d of Jxily. On the 9th, they left, and arrived at San Antonio, Texas, on the 2d of August, where they remained until the 11th of October.

Two expeditions, each under command of Lieut. Col. Craigue, were sent out fi-om San Antonio, l)eing the first Union troojis that penetrated the country west of that place. On the 11th of October, the regiment marched for the Rio Grande. Detachments of the regiment were stationed at various points on the Rio Grande - Company F, under command of Capt. Mower, at Los Guavas, 100 m'les; Company A and Company D, at Redmond's Ranche, 180 miles; and Lieut. Col. Craigue at Ringgold Barracks, headquarters of the regiment, with several companies, 120 miles from Brownsville. During their stay on the Rio Grande, they were employed in scouting expeditions, fi-equently against Indians. The regiment remained in service, with headquarters at Ringgold Barracks, Lieut. Col. Craigue commanding, until May, 1866. On the 8d of May. orders were received for the mustering-out of the regiment. On the 2()th, the various detachments were re-imited. The regiment was mustered out on the 2Sth, and on the 2d of Jime, Companies A and F, with the rest of the regiment, started for home. On the 16th of June, 1866, the Fourth Veteran Cavalry reached Madison, and, after being paid, was formally disbanded, and the companies returned to their respective homes.

The following is a list of the deaths from disease in Company A: At Baton Rouge, La. - George Holden, June IS, 1862: James H. Adams, July 8, 1862; Irwin Sabine, July 8, 1864; Hubbard G. M'alden, September 28, 1864; Winfield L. Gardner, August 26, 1864; Frank Peters, November 20, 1864; James P. Morrell, December 30, 18«)4. At Carrollton, La. - William O. Sax, September 28, 1862; Amos H. Beckhart, October 11, 1862; Nelson O. Griffin, November 27, 1862; Calvin S. Lovejoy, November 3, 18(52; William W. Mallo, December 11, 1862. At New Orleans - Nathan S. Carr, July 16, 1864; Emanuel P. Gleason, May 30, 1865; Edward P. Walsh, August 16, 1864. At Vicksbm-g - Charles Krebs, July 20, 1862; Charles H. Lewis, July 18, 1862; Charles E. Vodre was drowned in the Mississippi River August 6, 1862; William Thomson died on board a steamer August 12, 1865; William C. Tolles died at Fort Ewell, Texas, October 19, 1865; and Charles A. Knight died at AMiitewater, Wis., November 28, 1864.

July, 1S()8; Second Lieutenaut. May 24, ISO-t: Fii-st Lieii:enaut, January 5, 1S65; Frank X. Thomas, Second Lieutenant, enlisted July 2, ISfil; a[)pointed Corporal January 17, 1862; Sergeant, July 15, 1803; First Sergeant. August IS, 1864: Second Lieutenant, November 25, 1864; transferred from Company I August 22, 1865: Charles E. Curtice, Captain, honorably discharged March 28, 1863: Hem-y W. Ross, Captain, enlisted Jul}- 2, 1S61: transferred fi-om Company B: discharged August 30, 1864, for disability; Charles W. Steele, discharged August 23, 1865, on consolidation of regiment: James E. Williams, First Lieutenant, killed in action March 8, 1864, near Batim Rouge, La.; Frank L. Kiser, First Lieutenant, resigned September 12, 1861; Philo A. Castle, First Lieutenant, resigned March 31, 1862, on account of disability; Alfred E. Chafl'ee. First Lieutenant, resigned January 16, 1S()3; disability; Newton H. Chittenden, First Lieutenant, transferred to regimental staff as Adjutant; Hiram S. Nyce, Second Lieutenant, died October 7, 1863, of wounds received at Port Hudson.

1864; Second Lieutenant September 15, 1864; First Lieutenant Januai'v 4, 1864; George W. Pierce, Second Lieutenant; appointed Corporal December 1, 1862; Sergeant Aiigust 31, 1863; First Sergeant, 1865; Second Lieutenant September, 1865; Nelson F. Craigue, Captain; wounded May 27, 1863, at Port Hudson; commissioned Major June 9, 1864; Milo Seeley, Captain; miistered out August 22, 1865; Daniel C. Roundy, Captain; discharged September 10, 1862, disability; George H. Brown, First Lieutenant; resigned in December, 1861; Harris Durkee, First Lieutenant; resigned February 4, 1863; Daniel B. Maxon, First Lieutenant; wounded and died at Clinton, Miss., in 1863; Charles A. Johns, First Lieutenant; transferred to regimental staff as Quartermaster; Isaac N. Mead, First Lieutenant; resigned August 3. 1864; A. J. Weatherwax, Second Lieutenant; resigned January 8, 1862; Jerry Ciammings, Second Lieutenant; resigned September 1, 1865.

Second Lieutenant - Robert Harkness. Elkhorn; received commission Septembers, 18(51; promoted to First Lieutenant of Company F August 12. 1862; to Captain of Company A October 4, 1862; to Major October 20, 1864, and mustered out Decemlier 19, 1864.

The Tenth Regiment, to wliich the Elkhorn and Delavan eompanj' was assigned as Company A, was organized at Camp Holtou, Milwaukee ; mustered into the United States service on the 1 4th of October, and left the State, under command of Col. Alfred R. Chapin. on the 9th of Xovembei-, under orders to report at Louisville, Ivy. They aiTived on the 11th, and irmnediately marched to Shephardsville, twenty miles south, where they remained employed on raih-oad guard on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad until the 5th of December, vphenthey Joined Col. Sill's brigade, and, on the following day, were assigned to Gen. Mitchell's division. From the 11th of December until the 10th of February, 1862, they were engaged in picket and railroad duty in the vicinity of Bacon Creek, with winter quarters at that place. The south side of Green River being the rendezvous for forces under Gen. Mitchell, camp was moved to that place, and the march on Bowling Green commenced on the 13th. Bowling Green was evacuated on the 14th, and the following day our forces took possession of it, remaining a few days, the Tenth being detached to do duty on the railroad at a point six miles distant.

The regiment moved to Nashville, and. with the force of Gen. Mitchell, thence southward to Mm-fi-eesboro, where it encamped on the 19th of March and remained until the 5th of April, Col. Chapin acting as Provost Marshal, and the regiment provost guard. On the 5th, the march to Huntsville was commenced and completed on the 11th. Hardly stopping to rest, four companies of the regiment. Company A among them, volunteered to undertake the destruction of a railroad bridge near Chattanooga, in order to break the enemy's communications. They successfully accomplished their task, thereby jweventing re- enforcements from reaching Gen. Beaui'egard at Corinth.

In the defense of Paint Rock Bridge. April 27, Frank Yokish, of Company A, was severely wounded. The passage of the bridge was defended by a little band of twentyfive against the repeated attempts of 250 rebels to free it, and for their bravery and persistent detennination they received special commendation from Gen. Mitchell. The regiment also received a congratulatory address from Gen. Mitchell, in view of their services, which closed as follows: "A conununication of these facts to headquarters has not only won the thanks of ovir commanding General, but those of the department of war. which I annovuice to you with proud satisfaction. Aceejit the thanks of your commander, and let your futiu-e deeds demonstrate that you can siu'pass yourselves."

From the 27th of Ajiril, through the summer of 1862, they were stationed along the line of railroad engaged in guarding bridges and in jucket duty, and served as rear guard to the last trains brought from Huntsville to Stevenson.

The regiment, after leaving Stevenson, suffered extremely diu'iug the march over the mountains. Their su])plies were poor and insufficient, and it was impossible to care properly for the sick. They arrived at Nashville on the 5th of September, and at Louisville on the 28th of the same month. Here the regiment was transferred to the Ninth Brigade, Col. Harris commanding, and, on the 8th of October, took part in the battle of Perryville, or Chaplin Hills. Three hundi'ed and sixty enlisted men and sixteen officers included the total number of the regiment in the battle. Of this number. Company A, under command of Capt. Harkness, i)romoted only a week before, formed a part, and did its duty faithfully and bravely with its comrades. The regiment was assigned the duty of supporting Cajjt. Simmons' battery, and the enemy was determined to take it at all hazards. After one repulse, the rebels again stubbornly rallied, and not miti\ the regiment had held its position for half an hoiu' with empty cartridgeboxes, did they fall back to the next ridge where they could be replenished. One color-bearer after another was stricken down, and the old flag was brought from the field by the sixth-color Coi-poral, pierced with forty-one " marks of honor." In his official rejsort. Gen. Rousseau alluded especially to the gallant conduct of the Tenth at Perryville, and thanked them as he had done previoiTsly on the field.

In this battle, Maj. H. O. Johnson, formerly Captain of Company A, was killed. The casualties in Com])any A were: Killed or died of wounds - Corjas. William J. Bell, Francis E. Manning and Stephen E. Men-ick; Privates George W. Hunt, Hem-y L. Conklin, George Snell,

Daniel Adams and Peter Hein. Wounded - Corps. Amos Hitcheock and Walter Wood: Privates William H. Garrison, Joseph Tyler, Alfred Winell and Thomas H. Morrison.

After the battle of Chaplin Hills, the regiment accompanied the division of Gren. Eousseair in pursuit of the enemy to Crab Orchard, and thence to Nashville, where they encamped near the city imtil the latter part of December. On Wednesday morning, December 31, in an engagement near Murfreesboro, John F. Long and Dewitt Griffin, of Company A were killed and Thomas H. Morrison was wounded.

The regiment went into cam]) after this battle, where it remained until the month of June, then joining in the advance of the army against Gen. Bragg it went into camj) at Cowan Station on the 14th of July and again on the 6th of August at Anderson where it remained until the 2d of September when the march was commenced into Georgia. On the 11th the regiment took part in an engagement near Dug Gap. Companies A and K were thrown forward as skirmishers and held their place until they found the remainder of the regiment had retired when they fell back and rejoined it.

The 19th was the day of the disastrous battle of Chickamauga. After experiencing a series of reverses through the day the Fourth Brigade, which, with the First, formed the extreme left of the line, got out of ammunition, broke, and, the otlier brigade being thrown into confusion, the regiments were scattered over the field. The Tenth being exposed to a terrible tire from three directions was obliged to retire and made for a jjoint on the left, where they supjwsed our troops were in position, but, mifortunately, found themselves surrounded and ignorant of the position of the rest of the forces. They coiald do nothing but sun-ender, and when too late it was found that they had been contending hopelessly for two hours, nearly all the forces having been withdi-awn from the field. Lieut. Col. Ely, commanding the regiment, was mortally wounded, and nearly the whole of the regiment on the lield was captured - 12 officers and 111 men. Eighteen of the regiment were killed and fifty-six wounded. On the morning of the 21st, the regiment numbered ttree officers and twenty six men. The casualties in Company A were reported as follows: Killed - William Mattison. "\\'ounded - Corps. E. P. Sterling "and Robert Hall; Privates M. Mulville and George Spiu-r. Taken prisoners - Capt. Harkness, Lieut. Ellenwood, Sergts. J. S. J. Eaton and E. W. Carver; Corps. J. Tvler and ^Y. Woods: Privates W. H. Fountain, W. Dalton, P. Adams, W. H. Cobum, T. M. Luce, T. Nicholas, F. V. Smith and W. Hay.

The remnant of the regiment that remained, soon after went into camp at Chattanooga, and were employed on guard duty and work on the defenses of the place until late in November.

Those who were taken prisoners at Chickamauga remained in rebel prisons at Andersonville, Salisbury and other places, for tliirteen months; many were not exchanged imtil March, 1865, and many never left jmson alive. The deaths in Company A are reported as follows: James Snell, at Delavan February 22, 1862; William Turner, at Sugar Creek July 6, 1862; Sergt. J. H. Hooper, at Bowling Green, Ky., March 5, 18(i2; Truman Johns, at Elizabethtown, Kv., March 10, 1862; John McCann. Bowling Green. April 2. 1862; Sibley Brown, Mm-freesboro, Tenn., April 5, 1862; Hugh A. Rector, Mm-freesboro, April 13, 1862; Luther Lee, Point Rock, Ala., May 19, 1862; Henry Roderick, Nashville, Tenn., August 10. 1863: N. H. Foimtain, Andersonville, Ga., June 28, 1864; William Osbm-u, Andersonville; Andi-ew D. Bovee, Murfreesboro, July 11, 1864; Mortimer Adams, Cincinuati, May 26, 1864; G. Lansing, Andersonville, August 24. 1864; Corp. James S. Watson, Nashville, Tenn., September 1, 1864.

When the army was re-organized in the spring of 1864. the Tenth was assigned to the First Brigade and was under the command of Capt. Roby. The casulties reported in Comjiany A in the summer of 1864 are as follows: Wounded - Private William B. Sayles. Jime 2; Private Cornelius Bard, June 18.

The regiment was stationed at Marietta for a time in the fall, and afterward at Kenesaw Mountain, it was at the latter place until on the 16th of October; the recruits and re-enlisted veterans were transfen-ed to the Twenty-first Regiment, and the remainder of the regiment left for Wisconsin. On the 2r)th the Tenth reached Milwaukee and was mustered out of service.

Roster of Company A. Officers. - Robert Harkness, Captain, Second Lieutenant from muster: promoted First Lieutenant of Company F August 12, 1862; Captain of Company A when mustered out; Warren

Company C, of the Thirteenth Wisconsin Infantry, was raised in Sharon with the following officers, all of that town: Captain, August Kummel; First Lieutenant, Daniel L. Lamoreaux; Second Lieutenant, John T. Fish.

August Kummel received his commission as Captain September 24, 1861: was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel January 6, 1865, and to Colonel October 9, 1865: he was mustored out November 24, 1865.

Daniel L. Lamoreaux received his commission as First Lieutenant September 24, 1861 ; was appointed Commissary of Subsistence November 8. 1864. and was mustered out November 19, 1864.

John T. Fish received his commission as Second Lieutenant September 24, 1861; was promoted to First Lieutenant November 21, 1864; to Captain January 6, 1865, and was mustered out November 24, 1865.

First Lieutenant, Charles N. Noyes; received his commission October 19, 1861; was pro moted to Captain June 17. 1862; to Major of the regiment February 15, 1865; to Lieutenant Colonel October 9, 1865, and was mustered out November 24, 1865.

Second Lieutenant, Robert Glover; was commissioned October 19, 1861; was promoted to First Lieutenant June 17, 1862, and was mustered out November 20, 1864.

Com])any 1. Thirteenth Wisconsin Infantry; the officers of this company were all from Sugar Creek: its home name was "The Walworth County Plowboys."

Newton H. Kingman was commissioned First Lieutenant October 21, ISGl ; promoted to Captain February 3, 1803, and mustered out September 8, 1805.

Besides the three com})anies of the Thirteenth above mentioned, which was composed almost entirely of Walworth County men, other companies of the regiment were partially recruited in the county.

The Thirteenth was organized at Camp Tredway, Janesville: mustered into the United States service October 17, iSOl, and left the State on the 18th of January, 1802, Col. Maiu'ice Maloney commanding, under orders to report at Leavenworth, Kan. The regiment went by rail to Quincy, 111., crossed the Mississippi on the ice, marched to Palmp-a, Mo., and moved again by rail to Weston, Mo., where it arrived on the 21st and reiuainetl two days. Leaving Weston, it marched to Leavenworth City, arriving on the 23d of January, and remaining in camji at that place for two weeks. On the 7tli of February, they began their march to Fort Scott, and arrived at that point on the 21st - a march of 100 miles. Gen. Lane's "Southwest Expedition " having been abandoned, they were ordered on an expedition to New Mexico. Starting fi-om Fort Scott on the 20th of March, they reached Lawrence, Kan. - distant 115 miles- - in live days. They remained in camp at Lawrence one month, the soldiers suffering greatly from the effects of their long march through a coimtry to which they were unacclimated and which became the grave of many of them. The names of those who died in the Walworth County companies, at Leavenworth, at Lawrence and during the march, are as follows: The tii'st death rejiorted from the regiment was that of B. B. Schermerhorn, at Fort Leavenworth. Kan., February 12, 1862; Seymour Kice died at Leavenworth February 17, 1862; Charles H. Corey died February 21, 1802, and Franklin Prindle Pebruar/ 27, 1802. These deaths were all from the Sharon company (Company C), and were the only ones reported from the regiment during the month. They must have been left behind, sick, and unable to proceed when the regiment started on its march to Fort Scott. Adam McDonald, of Comjiany H, died at Leavenworth March 2, 1802; Martin Schroder, of Company C, at Fort Scott, March 0, 1802; Louis Shields, of Company H, at Lawrence, April 23, 1862; David Seely, of Company H, June 26, 1862; Har low Barton, of Company C, at Lawrence, May 21, 1862. Besides the deaths in these companies there were others among the Walworth boys who had enlisted, in other companies. A son of Mr. H. A. Johnson, of Darien, who enlisted in Company A of the Thirteenth, died at Lawrence and his remains were brought to Darien for interment - one of the tirst soldiers brought home for burial in the county.

When the regiment arrived at Fort Riley, their objective point, the New Mexico expedition had been abandoned, and, after remaining in that place about three weeks, they were ordered back to Leavenworth, en route for Corinth, Miss. William J. Brown, of Company C, died at Port Riley May 8, 1862.

After another march of 125 miles -500 in all- they arrived in Leavenworth May 28, and after a few days rest, were transported to Columbus, Ky., performing railroad guard duty until August, when they were sent to Port Hemy. On the 2d of September, they were ordered to Fort Donelson, and remained there through September, October and a part of November, engaged in guerrilla warfare and scouting expeditions, including one in search of the rebel General, Morgan. On the 12th of November, they returned to garrison duty at Fort Henry.

Late in December, the Thirteenth made a march of 120 miles with the force sent in purisuit of the dreaded rebel, Gen. Forrest, and, after their return, were immediately employed in guarding supply steamers between Fort Henry and Hambm-g Landing. AVhen the news of the attack on Foi-t Donelson reached Fort Henry, February 3, 1863, the Thirteenth was on the march to its relief in half an horn-. They fought their way, driving the skirmishers of the enemy before them, and arrived at the fort in the evening. The fort was safe; the garrison, with the assistance of the gunboats, having repulsed the enemy. The regiment was stationed at Fort Donelson early in March, and remained there through the spring and summer doing garrison duty and guarding the sm-roundiug country from the iuciu'sions and dejjredations of the lawless and violent bands of fTiierrillas that infested it. Julius H. Carpenter and Jaeob B. Mereness, both of Gomjiauy C, were killed by guerrillas in the vicinity of the fort on the '22d of August.

On the 1st of August, Col. Maloney was recalled to the command of his company in the regular service, and Capt. W P. Lyon, of Racine, whose parents were among the eai'ly settlers of Walworth Coiinty, was commissioned as Cjlouel. The regiment was ordered to Stevenson, Ala., and made the march of 260 miles in eighteen day.s. It was necessary to the safety of the Ai'my of the Cumberland that Stevenson should be carefully guarded, as it was the depot of supplies for the troo})s at Chattanooga, and its capture meant starvation to them, or falling back from the so dearly won position. Fortunately, the little garrison was re-enforced before the enemy sufficiently realized the importance of the situation to make an attack. Col. Lyon and his regiment understood better than Gen. Bragg the disastrous results that would follow the loss of Stevenson, and every man was ready to defend it to the last.

In the latter part of October, the regiment joined its brigade andw'ent into winter quai'ters at Edgeheld, opposite Nashville, remaining there imtil February, 1804. More than three- fom-ths of the regiment had re- enlisted at this time, and it accordingly visited Wisconsin on veteran furlough of thirty days. History states that, "on arriving at Janesville, they were warmly welcomed and hospitably entertained by the citizens of that city and the people of the surrounding country, who had assembled to greet them. In many a quiet home in Sharon and M'hitewater and Sugar Creek, and every town in old Walworth, there was rejoicing that day over the brave boys who had come back in safety; and in many a one, alas! thei-e was mourning for those who were left in their Southern graves.

On the expiration of their fiu'lough, the regiment re-assembled at Camp I'tley, Racine, proceeded to Nashville and encamping again at Edgefield, was employed in guarding trains and garrison duty. In April, they moved again to Stevenson to guard the Tennessee River at various points, the Thirteenth being assigned the fords and crossings from Law's Landing to near Triana - forty miles. The regiment remained here three months, with headquarters at Claysville, Ala. This position was perilous, and the duties required of the companies arduous and such as reqiiired constant and untiring vigilance. They were menaced fi-ont and rear - Hood's ti'oops attempting to force the passage of the river in front, the gueiTillas at their back, and the companies scattered along the river for forty miles, with no piotection except such earthworks and temporary defenses as could be constructed on the spot. It required more heroism to bear bravely and uncom]ilainingly the long-drawn-out anxiety and uncertainty of siich a jjosition than many a brilliant Imttle costs.

In September, 1S(J5, Company I was stationed at Hmi'icane Creek, and Company H at Gurley's Tank, on the Memphis & Charleston Railroad, and was employed in guarding the road, repairing bridges, strengthening the defenses of the road, etc. Through September and October, the regiment was alternating between the defense of various jioints on the Tennessee River and the defense of the railroad. Sometimes only the sick of the regiment could be left to hold the block-houses on the line of the road, all tln)se who were able to march being needed elsewhere.

On the 8th of November, 160 of the non-veterans, including the Lieutenant Colonel, and several officers were mustered out, their term of service having expired. Soon after, Ca})t, August Kummel was made Lieutenant Colonel and Capt. Charles N. Noyes, Major.

In November, the regiment once more returned to Stevenson to assist in the fortification of that place, in order to prevent Hood's retreat. After his defeat at Nashville, they retm-ned to Himtsville, from which place Comjjanies C and G, Capt. Fish commanding, were sent to Claysville Landing, on the Tennessee. While at this point, Lieut. Loucks, of Company C, with a few men, crossed the river, and, in an encounter with a band of guerrillas, led by the notorious Pete A\'hitecotton, captured several of the band, and Lieut. Loucks, in a personal encounter, killed the leader. On the "iOth of March, the difl'erent detachments of the regiment were called in, and, under command of Col. Lyon (who had temporarily been assigned another position), proceeded to Knoxville, thence to -Jonesboro, where they remained encamped until on the '20th of April, they received news of Lee's surrender and President Lincoln's assassination.

Leaving Jonesboro on the 20th, they arrived at New Orleans on the 24th of June via Knoxville, Term., Johnsonville and the Ohio and Mississippi Rivei-s. They remained near New Or- leans, at Chalinette, until the 5th of July, when they left camp for Texas. On the 14th, they arrived at Indianola. During the latter part of Jvxly and the early part of September, they marched 169 miles, suffering fearfully from the intense heat and insufficient supplies. They arrived at San Antonio on the 24th of September, and fortunately found a healthy location for their camp. The health of the regiment rapidly improved, and they were not obliged to move luitil they received the order to '' muster out." At the time the order was received Maj. Noyes had command of the regiment, but desiring to remain in Texas, he resigned it to Capt Cobb, and, on the 27th of November, the soldiers tm-ned their steps toward home, arriving at Madison on the 23d of December, and were mustered out on the 26th. Col. Lyon, who, as well as any other, knew and appreciated their labors, said of them: "It has lieen the duty of the regiment rather to preserve what has been gained than to wrest from the enemy; to hold positions upon the safety of which great movements depended. It has performed the laborious garrison guard, pati'ol and |iicket duty, requiring ceaseless vigilance and stern fidelity. For over two years, until the assignment of the regiment to the Foiu-th Corps, each man able to do duty has been on actual duty about one-half of the time."

Company C, in 1862 -Isaac B. Lebrung, April 27, at Paoli, Ky. ; David Seely, Jiuie 26, at Lawrence, Kan.; William Dennis, October 18, at Cairo, 111; Elijah M. Bowman, November 18, at Fort Henry, Tenn.

In 1864 - Lorenzo D. F. Boyce, at Sharon, Wis.; John A Kammerer, October 18, at San Antonio, Texas; Napoleon Woodworth, October 30, at Nashville, Tenn.; William M. Clark, November 18, at Nashville, Tenn.

Com})any H, in 1862 - William Marskey, July 1, at Moscow, Ky.; Gilbert N. Manning, August 19, at Columbus, Ky. ; John C. Dobie, August 23, at Coliunbus, Ky. ; Ole Osmondson, October 21, at Fort Hem-y, Tenn.

In 1865 - Frederick Bullock, at Madison, Wis., and Luman Palmer at Huntsville, Ala., both on January 14; William Rolof, August 8. at Nashville, Tenn.; George W. Wilds, October 1, at Victoria, Texas.

Comi)any I, in 1862 - Andrew McCart, July 6, at Columbus, Ky. ; Virgil L. Dibble, August 31, at Columbus, Ky. ; S\Trel D. Chipman, November 5, at Smithland, Ky.

In 1863- Thomas F. Pitcher, June 3, at Fort Donelson, Tenn. ; George Hamilton, July 3, at Fort Donelson; John Niblick, August 1, at Fort Donelson; David Dane, at Regimental Hosj)ital.

In 1864 - Ambrose Jaqiiith, February 18; John V. Mills, March 17; John Hooper, March 30, and Harvey Clemons, December 16, all at Madison, AVis. ; John Clemons and R. K. Baldwin, both on October 13, at Huntsville, Ala.; James AVaters, November 9, at Brownsville, Ala., and Thomas R. Kingman, November 30, at Stevenson, Alain 1865 - Ernest Roper, January 14, at Madison, Wis.; Alden Wilkens, March 3, at Huntsville, Ala.; Lorenzo D. Finch, March 29, at Huntsville, Ala. ; Samuel Salisbiuy, July 4, at Quincy, 111.; Charles H. McMaster, September 6, at Victoria, Texas; Siglon Edmundson, September 6, at Green Lake, Texas; Ole Christianson, July 27, at Green Lake, Texas, and Even Christopherson, October 16, at San Antonio, Texas.

Second Lieutenant, veteran; ajipointed Sergeant October 17, 1861; commissioned Second Lieutenant Januai-y 17, 1805; resigned July 10, 1865, at New Orleans: Augustus H. Kimmell, Captain; mustered out Januai'y 16, 1865, to receive promotion as Lieutenant Colonel in Thirteenth Wisconsin Infantry: Daniel L. Lamoreaux, First Lieutenant; mustered out December U), 1864, expiration of term of service.

Cwparals. - John W. Sherman, veteran; appointed January 27, 1865; Oscar H. Ostrom, veteran; appointed January 27, 1862; William P. Hodgson, veteran; appointed Januarj- 17, 1864; John F. Wicke, veteran; appointed March 26, 1864; Daniel Bollinger, veteran : appointed April 20, 1864; George W. Powers, veteran: appointed December 1, 1864: Florence F. Wilcox,. veteran: apfiointed March 1, 1865; Hemy H. Conalile, veteran; appointed October 7, 1865.