Albion Town (part 1 of 2)

Albion Town

Mr. Smith began in the year 1851 collecting materials for a work on " Currency." He spent several months in the libraries of New York and Washington, and subsequently wrote a few chapters, but never completed the work.

son of Thomas Stoughton, was born in a sturdy New England family, in the town of Weathersfield Vermont, on the 10th of December, 1799. While he was still a child, his father removed to Westfield, in the northern part of the State, then an almost unbroken wilderness. Here, of course, his opportunities for acquiring an education were extremely limited ; but he was trained to habits of strictest industry, economy and integrity. He learned a mechanical trade and followed it for a number of years, spending a part of his time in Boston, Mass., and Mobile, Ala.

Returning to his native State, he married Miss Eliza Page. In 1837, he visited Wisconsin. In 1838, he removed his family to Janesville. He entered the mercantile business, built the American House, and otherwise aided in promoting the growth of the young town. Here he resided for twelve years, and accumulated a handsome property. In 1847, he purchased of Daniel Webster a large tract of land in the county of Dane, upon which the village of Stoughton is now located. Although in feeble health, he soon bent all his energies to improving the water-power, and building up a large village. He induced a large number of his old friends to settle around him, started several kinds of business, and influenced the railroad company to run the Milwaukee & Prairie du Chien road through the place. Stoughton is beautifully situated upon the banks of the Yahara, and in appearance resembles a New England town. It has grown into a thriving village, and is now the busy center of trade for a large extent of country, and contains several large manufacturing establishments.

Mr. Stoughton was a man of strong practical sense, sound judgment, a trusted friend, and wise counselor. Modest, retiring and deferential to others, he never sought any public position, but has held the high esteem of all who knew him. He loved truth for truth's sake, and was uncompromising in his regard for justice.

His religious views were liberal. He read extensively and possessed a large fund of general information. His manner was characterized by a quiet but manly dignity. At his home he was hospitable in the highest degree, genial in spirit, discussed freely and intelligently the public topics of the day, in regard to which he was stable and conscientious in his opinions. In his domestic relations he was distinguished for kindness and tenderness. His many years of feeble, failing health, a great trial to one of his active temperament, were borne uncomplainingly-

He died on the 15th of August, 1874. The Masonic Order, of which he was a member, took charge of the body on the occasion of his funeral, and at the grave read their beautiful and impressive ceremony.

was born at Painesville, Ohio, October 10, 1827. He first attended the common schools in his native village, becoming afterward a pupil of the Painesville Academy, where he graduated with distinction. He then read law with his father, James H. Paine, who, in November, 1847, settled in Milwaukee. About this period, the son commenced the study of German, pursuing I' ""'il ^® °°^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ language fluently and speak it readily. He was admitted to the Milwaukee bar in 1849 ; and, on the 20th of June, 1854, to the bar of the Supreme Court of the State. He was industrious in his profession, and soon became an able and powerful advocate.

In 1858, he acted as Madison reporter of >the Milwaukee Free Democrat On the 19th of May, 1854, he made an argument before the Supreme Court of the State in the celebrated

Booth case, involving the appellate jurisdiption from State to United States courts, and the constitutionality of the fugitive slave law. His effort was directed against the validity of tiie enactment. This placed him at once in the front rank of the leading lawyers of Wisconsin and gave him a widespread reputation. He received congratulations from eminent men in various parts of the country. It was, indeed, the foundation of his legal reputation. It was regarded not only as one of the ablest efforts of his life, but one of the best arguments ever made on that side of the question. On the 7th of October, 1854, he married Miss Clarissa R. Wyman, of his native place. He addressed the young men of Waukesha College at the commencement, 1855, of that institution ; and, in the fall following, canvassed a part of the State, speaking on the Republican side during that contest. In January, 1856, he was elected Chief Clerk of the Wisconsin Senate. On the 10th of November following, he was appointed County Judge of Milwaukee County, and'was elected to the same oflSce in April following. This was a very strong evidence of the high esteem in which he was held by the people. He retained the position until June 21, 1859, when he was called to the ofBce of Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, being elected the April previous, as the successor of Justice A. D. Smith. As it was a question when the term of the latter ended, whether on the 31st day of May, 1859, or on the first Monday in January, 1860, he went through with the formality of resigning his office, and the Governor appointed Judge Paine as his successor on the 20th of June.

Judge Paine held his position on the bench of the Supreme Court until the 15th of November, 1864, he having resigned on the 10th of August previous, to take effect on that day, to enter the army. He enlisted in the Forty-third Regiment Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and was appointed Lieutenant Colonel. His post was in Tennessee, where he remained until May, 1865, when the death of an only and much-loved brother called him home. On returning to civil life, Judge Paine again entered on the practice of his profession in Milwaukee. This he continued until re-appointed, on the 16th of August, 1867, to the Supreme Court of the State, to succeed Justice Downer, resigned. In April, 1868, he was elected to fill the term expiring June 1, 1871, holding the office until his death, January 13 of that year. During his practice at the bar, he was associated with his father and brother, and for a time with Halbert E. Paine. While op the bench, he worked hard, and justified the most sanguine expectations of his friends. His published opinions show patient and careful examination, laborious research and investigation, a proper deference to authorities, just discrimination of adjudged cases, a clear and firm grasp of sound principle. His mind, in a legal way, was critical but not revolutionary. He laid no violent hand upon the long-established systems of equity and common-law jurisprudence. Many of his decisions might be cited as fine specimens of judicial reasoning and clear, persuasive argument. He was liberal in his views ; and, as a citizen, humane and benevolent, frank and open-hearted. He had, in private life, a large circle of friends. He continued his law lectures in the university with general acceptance, until stricken down by the disease which terminated his useful career. In 1869, the University of Wisconsin conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws.

Mr. Carpenter was born in Little Falls, Herkimer Co., N. Y., August 7, 1831. His early education was given him at his home. He prepared for college at Munro Academy, Elbridge, N. Y. In 1848, he entered the Freshman class of Madison University, at Hamilton, that State, afterward, in 1850, entering the Junior class of the University at Rochester - graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, in 1852. He had early shown a predilection for the classics ; and having been taught Latin at home, in his youth, he was enablea to continue the study in college with more than ordinary success. To the Greek, also, he gave a good deal of attention ; so that, at his graduation, his reputation was excellent for his attamments in both languages. After graduating, he came to Wisconsin.

Of his arrival in Madison, says one who was then of the faculty of the university : " He had come to join the small body of us then constituting the faculty, who were striving in the midst of narrow and discouraging conditions to lay the foundations of a great institution of learning for Wisconsin. He was then just arrived at legal manhood - just turned of twenty-one years of age, and was just graduated from college. In personal appearance, however, and in the extent and range of his acquirements, he seemed four or five years older.* He occupied the position of Tutor in the University, at the commencement of the third university yekr (1852-1853), taking the place of 0. M. Conover, who was promoted to the chair of ancient languages and literature. He retained his position until July, 1854, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Augustus L. Smith.

After being a few months employed in selling cabinetware in Madison, as senior member of the firm of Carpenter & Lawrence, he associated himself in that city with S. D. Carpenter in the publication of the Daily Patriot - he being announced, on the 20th of November, 1854, as its local editor and publisher, while S. D. Carpenter became the political editor. On the 17th of July, 1855, he succeeded to the position of co-editor; and, on the 29th of January, 1856, of joint publisher. On the 28th of July following, he retired from the Patriot, having disposed of his interest to Rolla A. Law. On the 31st day of January, 1857, he established, in Madison, a neatly printed weekly paper, devoted to news and literary and miscellaneous reading, but non-political, called the Western Fireside. It was 'a good family paper, and was ably edited, but its support was not sufficient to justify its publication ; so, on the 8th of January, 1858, it was discontinued. The materials of the office were afterward purchased by the proprietors of the State Journal. This ended his career as editor and publisher. He continued in it, however, long enough to be recognized by the public not only as a man of ability, but as a graceful writer.f

For the years 1858 and 1859, he was Assistant Superintendent of Public Instruction for Wisconsin. Being a very methodical man, he introduced order and system into the internal administration of the office. In 1860, he was elected Professor of Ancient Languages in St. Paul's College, Palmyra, Mo. This position he held until the war of the rebellion broke up the institution. Returning North, he taught a select school one winter in Richland, Wis. Afterward, failing to fiid more congenial employment, he maintained himself, for a time, by working at the printer's trade in Madison, setting type in the offices of the Wisconsin Farmer and State Journal. He also gave lessons in German. During these years all his spare time was devoted to literary studies.

In 1864, he was elected Clerk of the city of Madison, continuing in that office until October, 1868, when he resigned. Meanwhile, he filled, temporarily, the chair in the University made vacant by the resignation of Prof. Read, as before mentioned. He was also a member of the City Board of Education, Madison ; and, from January 1, 1868, to the 1st day of October following, was Superintendent of the Schools of Dane County. His resignation of these offices was made imperative because of his acceptance of the professorship of rhetoric and English literature in the University. This chair was changed, in 1874, to logic and English literature, but Prof. Carpenter was continued therein until his death, which occurred at Geneva, N. Y., December 7, 1878.| lOTo ^^' *^^ degree of Master of Arts was conferred up6n him by his alma mater, and, in 1872, that of Doctor of Laws. He was married to Miss Frances Curtis, of Madison, Wis., on the 14th of May, 1856. In 1875, he was elected to the Presidency of the Kansas University, V,' '1^?^'"*'^ ^^^ office, believing he could do a greater and better work in the institution with which he was connected. In 1876, he was appointed by the State Superintendent of Public of Prof'&nMnle '^'If^'f'^^"""'' by 0. M. Conover, LL. D., before the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, December 17, 1878, in mc^mory College whnhnri^' T ^^® never personally known," continues Dr. Conover, "any man of his years, any graduate fresh from an American Wems ihronirh ..'" Yf.' '" acquaintance with Greets literature, especially with the Greek poets. He had already read all the Homeric tAdSrt 1 1 "*' "" '"'^ einpularly familiar with several of the Greek dramatists, especially iEschylus and Sophocles." l£il!torialAR.SHu.i,.'^°.V''°?,"4 History of the Press of Dane County, Wis.," written by David At'wood, and furnished the Wisconsin

Protessor of Srtinf "° "" indebted to a biosraphical sketch of Prof. Carpenter, from the able pen of B. B. Anderson, A. M., 1878. - Kb "'*""""'"«n Languages in the University of Wisconsin, printed in Bobinson's Epitome of Lileraiure, Philadelphia, December,

It may be said that, as teacher, Dr. Carpenter had few equals in the United States. His favorite fields were rhetoric, logic, and English literature; these he cultivated assiduously. Although at home in the classics, in political and moral science, in French and German, and in mathematics, it was in the English language and literature that he was especially erudite - especially profound. Outside this department, "his knowledge was not of the sort that would be called erudition; it was rather general than detailed; and consisted, principally, of such facts as had an importance outside of the science to which they belonged. It was such knowledge as a man of vigorous mind and retentive memory (whose leading trait was the clear perception of the bearing of things) would gather from an extensive field of reading and study."*

The fame of Dr. Carpenter rests largely, therefore, upon the wonderful power he exhibited as an educator. " He loved his work and threw his whole being into it. His class-room was never a tedious place. A student never sought that room in doubt of receiving help, or left it unsatisfied. Every one felt the remarkable permeating presence of the beloved instructor. Prof. Carpenter put his stamp upon every intellect. He reached out with a strong arm and raised the young men and women to a higher intellectual plane. He made himself felt. A student knew he was standing upon solid ground in the Professor's presence." f "His thought," says another, "was pre-eminently logical. He saw quickly and traced rapidly the relations of things. Logic was a favorite science with him, and he gave it more enforcement in the minds of pupils than any other teacher I have ever known. It was the stronghold of his instruction."! Says Prof. J. B. Parkinson: "Prof. Carpenter was distinctly an educator - teacher. In his ability to impart instruction - his aptness to teach - lay his special power. Not one man in ten thousand could equal him as a teacher. Here was his chosen field. In it was the work that lay nearest his heart. He thoroughly appreciated the chief requisites of the successful instructor." "Prof. Carpenter seemed to aim," continues Prof. Parkinson, "at a thorough mastery of his department ; and his familiarity with what he had in hand, his wealth of happy and forcible illustrations, and his genuine enthusiasm, constituted the chief secrets of his success in the class- ' room. As a teacher, then - and I use the term in its technical sense - his impress has left tlie deepest furrows. As a teacher, his influence will reach the farthest and abide the longest."||

In 1867, Prof. Carpenter published his first work - a book entitled " Songs for the Sabbath School." It consisted of a collection of melodies - embracing a variety of new tunes; these, with one exception, were composed by himself In the preface, the author says : " The music in this little book is all new and is believed to be serviceable. The words do not inculcate error, but are in accordance with evangelical truth." The hymns, also, several of them, were written by him. These are, generally, to be commended for their sweetness and tenderness.

As the result of his studies of Anglo-Saxon and the English language. Prof. Carpenter has given to the schools of the country three excellent books: "English of the Fourteenth Century;" "An Introduction to the Study of the Anglo-Saxon Language;" and, "The Elements of English Analysis." The first mentioned is, in fact, Chaucer's "Prologue" and "Knight's Tale," illustrated by grammatical and philological notes, designed to serve as an introduction to the study of English literature. The author's notes are ample ; and these, together with a glossary, are intended to remove every difficulty that would meet a student of average ability. In his second book - " An Introduction to the Study of the Anglo-Saxon Language " - he comprises an elementary grammar of the Anglo-Saxon; also selections for reading, with explanatory notes, and a vocabulary. In his last book - " The Elements of English Analysis " - ^he uses a system of diagranis to represent to the eye the outline structure of a sentence, in order the more readily to fix the principles of analysis in the mind of the student. This is a small but carefully written work.

Memorial address before the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, December 17, 1878, by President John Bascom, of the State unmraw. Address, in memory of Dr. Carpenter, before the State Historical Society of Wiscousln, December 17j 1878.

After the publication of his Anglo-Saxon grammar, Dr. C.irpenter devoted the most of I is leisure hours to the translation and annotation of the celebrated poem, "Beowulf," the oldest monument extant of Anglo-Saxon literature. He had just completed the translation when he died and was preparing a somewhat elaborate introduction, which -he left not quite finished. This' last important work of Prof. Carpenter, one on which he bestowed much care and to which he gave his ripest scholarship, will be published under the editorship of Prof. R. B. Anderson, who was, through many years, his bosom friend.

reader" but, to the religious and educational periodicals of the country, he contributed extensively. His communications took a wide range. His style of writing is marked and strikingly characteristic of the man. When he said anything he said it ; and, at times, the fire of his thouffhts consumed his words. Although largely wanting in the imaginative element, his diction is nevertheless, peculiarly attractive because of its smoothness and clearness. Take this paragraph, as an example, from "The Relations of Skepticism and Scholarship," in the Baptist Quarterly, for January, 1873 :

" Faith is the condition of progress. Belief grasps actual possession by the strong han d of demonstration ; while faith rises superior to reason, and grasps greater truth by the stronger hand of conviction. Faith is not an abandonment of reason ; it is the condition of reason. It places the crown of universal dominion upon the head of man ; puts in his hands a scepter, which the future as well as the present obeys - eternity as well as time. It asserts our kinship with God, who does not discover truth by the slow process of reason, but who reaches his conclusions by the same intuitive action by which faith apprehends principles. Reason adapts man to the present life. Faith is a pledge of immortality. Destroy faith, and man is hedged in by humanity - is limited to the now and here - to the little segment of the infinite circle which lies immediately before him. Add faith to reason, and out into infinity, onward into coming eternity, upward to God Himself, sweep the slowly arching sides of the mighty circle of truth, whose round will, nevertheless, forever bafiie finite measurement."

A number of his educational addresses have been published. His direct way of giving utterance to his thoughts is well illustrated in the opening paragraph of one of these - " Industrial Education " - delivered before a convention of the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society, February, 1874: "There are two essential requisites to success in any trade or profession : A knowledge of the principles forming the science of which the profession is the practical application; and skill in the application of these principles. The one requires cultivated mind ; the other, cultivated muscle. Every profession presents these two sides, but notably those which are largely dependent upon mechanical operations for their success."

An address on " Reading," delivered before the State Teachers' Association of Wisconsin, in July, 1871, at Madison, and published in the August number of the Wisconsin Journal of Education for that year; also an article in the Examiner and Chronicle, on " The Education Question - Conflicts Between the Old and New," are worthy of special commendation. His centennial F"ourth-of-July address, in Madison, added to his reputation as an orator and man of culture. " The Relation of the Different Educational Institutions of the State " and " Rambles in the World of Words," contributions to the periodical first named, exhibit, in a striking light, . the wide range of his thoughts and his extensive scholastic attainments.

Of Dr. Carpenter's published lectures, one on " Moral Forces in Education," and a series ot twelve on " The Evidences of Christianity," have received a merited recognition from some of our country's ablest and best men. His translations from the French have also been highly complimented. The most notable of these efforts are (1) articles on political economy and the °f Catholic nations, of Emile de Laveleye, and (2) stories of George Sand, from Revue mdeux Monies. Dr. Carpenter was a member of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. He contributed two papers to its " Transactions " : (1) " The Metaphysical Basis ot bcience;" (2) "The Philosophy of. Evolution." These papers attracted wide attention, especially the last mentioned. His very latest contribution to the press was a solution of an algebraic problem, to be found in the January number, 1879, of the Wisconsin Journal of Miucation.

The sudden death of Dr. Carpenter produced a profound impression in Wisconsin. Resolutions expressing appreciation and esteem were adopted by the faculty and regents of the university, also by the State Teachers' Association and by the State Historical Society, of which he was a member and an officer. His mortal remains lie buried in the beautiful cemetery near the city of Madison, not far away from the institution where many of his years were so profitably pmployed, and where he gathered unto himself a name and fame that Wisconsin will long remember with pride and respect.

was born at Madison on the 4th of June, 1850. He had the education of the printing office, supplemented, however, by attendance upon the public schools and by a partial course in the State University. As he approached the age of manhood, he began his work in journalism as a reporter of legislative proceedings, and by occasional correspondence published in the State Journal. In 1870, he made a short excursion across the continent, and wrote some interesting letlers from California. In the autumn of 1872, he received from President Grant an appointment as Consular Clerk. The office of Consular Clerk was created by an act of Congress in 1864. The whole number of such clerkships is limited to thirteen ; a careful preliminary examination is required, and, the appointment once made and the examination passed, the Clerk is only removable for cause. The purpose of the act was to create a school for training a few young men for Consular life. It was intended that the Consular Clerks, after becoming familiar with Consular duties, should, from time to time, as they proved themselves worthy, b? promoted to Consulates. The plan was an excellent one, but, unfortunately, for our foreign idrvice, has never been carried into full effect, the trained Consular Clerk having almost without exception been ignored, while the Consulates continue to be filled with raw material supplied by politicians at home. Young Atwood, having passed a creditable examination before the board at Washington, was assigned to duty at Liverpool, under his fellow townsman Bx-Gov. Fairchild. He sailed in November, 1872, and soon afterward received' the additional appointment of Vice Consul at that port. His various duties were performed with much skill and judgment. His gentlemanly bearing, his capacity, trustworthiness and fidelity were such as to command the espect of all who were brought into social or business relations with him.

In 1874, he visited his old home, and, on the 8th of September of that year, formed a happy marriage with Miss Elizabeth Ward, of Madison. Shortly afterward, he returned with his wife to Liverpool, and resumed his official duties there. During his residence abroad, he saw much of England, and something of the continent, and wrote occasional sketches of travel for his father's paper, the Madison State Journal, which indicated much power of observation, and were characterized by an easy and graceful style. While he found a great deal that was attractive and pleasant in his life in England, his home attachments were strong, and he felt a longing to be back once more among the scenes of his boyhood. The bright waters of Monona and Mendota, the pure air and umbrageous streets of this Interlaken of the West, possess a strong attraction for all who have for any considerable time felt their iniluence. Moreover, with riper years and wider knowledge gained from books, from travel and observation, came the prompting to devote his future life to journalism. Accordingly, in the. spring of 1876, he resigned his position at Liverpool, and returned to Madison. From that time until his final illness, he was actively engaged as one of the editors of the State Journal. A severe cold finally terminated in an acute attack of pneumonia, which resulted in his death on the 6th of February, 1878.

Mr. Atwood was gentle, courteous and truthful. There was no malignity in his nature. AH who knew him loved him. He was a gentleman, too, with graceful manners and refined tastes. He was dignified without being pretentious, cheerful and sunny in his disposition, generous and obliging, with a vein of quiet humor that made him a pleasant and welcome companion. What he miflit have accomplished in his chosen calling, can, of course, only be surmised. He had but just taken up the serious work of life, when his career was brought to an untimely close. He died with , , ^ ,. ^ ^ was born at Parma Corners, Monroe County, N. Y., May 22, 1823. His father, Reuben Smith, was a native of Rhode Island. His mother's maiden name was Betsey Page. She died when the subject of this sketch was but ten weeks old. Both father and mother possessed much strength of character, and the father filled many places of honor and trust, discharging faithfully every duty. In 1825, the family removed to Cleveland, Ohio ; and in 1827 took up their residence in Medina, Ohio. It was in this place that George received a few years' schooling, and entered upon the study of the profession of law, with H. W. Floyd, of Medina. In about a year thereafter he entered the office of Andrews, Foot & Hoyt, of Cleveland, where he pursued his studies with great diligence for about one year. Being a young man possessing much selfreliance - a characteristic that never left him in after life - his mind naturally turned to the great West, which was then attracting attention in all parts of the country, and, with his father, came to Wisconsin, locating first at Kenosha (then Southport), and there pursued his studies in the office of the late 0. S. Head. He was admitted to practice at the bar of the United States Court, A. G. Miller presiding, on the 4th of July, 1843. Spending a short time in Kenosha after his admission, he returned to Ohio, and united himself in marriage with Miss Eugenia Weed, of Medina. Then, with resolute courage, he again turned westward, and in the fall of 1845 located in Madison, the capital of the Territory of Wisconsin. It was here that he literally fulfilled the Greeley advice of growing up with the country. Wisconsin then contained but a email population ; Madison was a village of three or four hundred souls. The young attorney at once took a leading position in his new home, and, rapid as was the growth of the West, he kept pace with it, and in all after life was found in the front rank of its citizens. He at once entered upon the practice of his chosen profession, and one which he dearly loved, in the several courts of the then Territory, and continued a prominent member of the Wisconsin bar to the time of his death.

In January, 1846, Mr. Smith was appointed District Attorney for Dane County, and for six years held this position, giving to the discharge of its duties rare ability, close attention and thought, and a fidelity to the trust reposed in him. He was prompt and efficient in the discharge of every duty, and rendered the county and State valuable service. He soon became marked as a young man of more than ordinary ability. This was shown in his being selected by his fellow-citizens, when he was less than twenty-four years of age, to represent them in the Constitutional Convention that assembled in Madison in October, 1846. He was the youngest man there was in that distinguished body. Young as he was, Mr. Smith was able to sustain himself with great credit in contests with these brilliant minds, and was acknowledged to have been one of the most active members of that convention. He was Chairman of the Committee on a Bill of Rights, and performed much labor on other committees. He favored liberal exemption laws, and to him, perhaps, more than to any other man, are the people indebted for the liberal laws that now exist on that subject. He urged with great vigor that the matter be engrafted into the constitution, and the instrument produced by that convention contained advanced views on this subject. The principles were so advanced, and carried out so much in detail, that this feature was strongly objected to in the discussions of the constitution before the people, and afforded one °* "l'^ strongest reasons for its rejection, not so much on account of the principle involved as in

Mr. Smith served as Mayor of the city of Madison in the years 1858, 1859, 1860 and 1878. In the years 1864 and 1869, he represented the Madison district in the Assembly, and deemed one of the ablest men there, both as a worker on committees and as a debater on the floor of the House. He occupied the position of party leader on all political questions. His ability and experience fully entitled him to that distinction. The interests of his constituents never suffered in his hands.

In 1864, and again in 1872, Mr. Smith was the Democratic candidate for Congress in his district. In both instances, he canvassed the district with ranch ability and thoroughness but met with defeat on both occasions, not on account of his own unpopularity, but from the fact that his party was in the minority. In 1869, he received the Democratic vote for United States Senator, in opposition to Matt. H. Carpenter, the successful candidate.

He was a candidate for Presidential Elector in 1868 and in 1872. In the latter campaign he took an active part in favor of the election of Horace Greeley to the Presidency. He represented his State twice in national conventions of his party. At St. Louis, in 1876, he made a speech deemed the greatest political effort of his life, which gave him much national reputation, and would doubtless have been followed with distinguished preferment had the candidates there nominated been successful before the people. The only other public position of prominence that Mr. Smith has occupied was in 1876, when he was designated as one of the distinguished visitors to Louisiana to supervise the canvass of the vote of that State for Presidential Electors.

Having been an early pioneer of the State and a conspicuous member of the first Constitutional Convention, Mr. Smith naturally took a deep interest in the affairs of the Wisconsin Pioneer Association, and in the meetings of the surviving members of the two Constitutional Conventions. In July, 1879, he delivered an address before these two organizations, in Madison, a duty he performed faithfully and ably, not only giving the history of these conventions, but furnishing also a very interesting and valuable sketch of the early history of Wisconsin.

Mr. Smith has not occupied the high positions in public life which his talents would have commanded had his party been in the majority. He had the ability and acquirements to make his mark in any position. This has been shown in his practice at the bar, which has been very extensive, and where he has maintained a high standing, ranking among the ablest lawyers in the Northwest. As an orator, as an advocate, and as a political speaker, he has had few superiors in the country. He had a fine presence, a splendid voice, a forcible manner of speaking, that rendered his oratorical efforts fascinating and effective. His private life was without spot or blemish. He has been a great reader of the general literature of the day, and his mind was richly stored with its treasures. Socially, he was one of the most engaging and entertaining of men ; instructive in conversation, quick at repartee, bright and witty, pkasant in manners, he endeared himself to all who met him in the social circle.

As a politician, Mr. Smith belonged to the Democratic party. He was positive in his opinions, and bold and uncompromising in advocating them. As a strong partisan, he was always armed, ready to defend his own party and attack the opposition. Few men in the State performed more effective work for his party. His labors upon the sturap were great, and acceptable to his friends.

On the 29th of Augiist, 1844, Mr. Smith was married to Miss Eugenia Weed, of Medina, Ohio, an estimable lady, worthy of him, and one to whom he was devotedly attached in all the relations of life. They were blessed with five children, two of whom, James S. and Anna, now Mrs. Robert J. McConnell, survive, and the other three preceded the father to the grave, and it is hoped they are now joined with him in the life of the blessed.

In his family relations Mr. Smith was peculiarly happy, and it was at his home where his real character shone out most brightly. As a son, he was dutiful, affectionate and considerate ; as a husband, father and grandfather,, he was kind, loving, patient and tender, and doted with the strongest affection upon his wife, his children and his grandchildren. It is in these sacred relations of life that the the true and noble character of the real man is shown ; and herein our friend stood pre-eminent, and beautifully illustrated the truth of the words of the poet, in the

Of Paradise, that has surviyed the fall I Thou art the muse of virtue ; in thine arms She smiles, appearing, as in truth she is. Heaven-born, and destined to the skies again."

As a citizen, Mr. Smith was generous, and labored earnestly and zealously for the development of the material interests of his own beautiful city, the State of his adoption, and of the whole country.

Mr. Smith stood eminent in his chosen profession. For many years he was a prominent member of the Dane County bar, and the senior in the years of practice. In the State, most of the associates of his early years in practice before the several courts, preceded him to the grave. He died on the 18th day of September, 1879.

was born in the city of Worms, Germany, February 12, 1838. Until his tenth year, he was educated at the public school in his native city ; he then attended the gymnasium, from which he graduated in 1857, with a first degree, afterward entering the university at Giessen to study philology. His studies there were interrupted by being called to serve in the army, but he soon returned and passed his public examination in 1860. From this institution he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He gave private instruction while at the university, and, after leaving the institution, he accepted a position in the Institute of St. Gowishausen on the Rhine, as teacher of Latin and Greek. Later, he spent two years at the Bibliotheque Imperiale, in Paris, mainly in the study of philology and in acquiring a conversational mastery of the French language.

Dr. Feuling came to the United States in 1865, and, not long after, opened a French and German academy at Toledo, Ohio. Not succeeding in this undertaking, he came West, first giving instruction at Racine College in the classical languages, and then accepting a Professorship in the University of Wisconsin. Shortly after his accession to this professorship, he was invited to the chair of ancient languages in the University of Louisiana, at Baton Rouge, and visited that place on a tour of inspection. The position was held open for him one year, when he finally declined it, although his preference was for a professorship such as had there been tendered him. The position in the University of Wisconsin he continued to fill, with much credit, until stricken down by disease, which terminated his life March 10, 1878 - the second of the Professors of the university to die at the post of duty. At the time of his death. Prof. Feuling was a member of the American Philological Association and of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. To both he had contributed several papers. He published, soon after coming to Madison, an edition of the Poema Admonitorium of Phocyllides, prefacing the week text with an introduction in fluent Latin. He left several works in manuscript : " The Homeric Hymns," with notes ; " Selections from Montesquieu," with notes and a glossary, intended as a French reading book ; and "An Historical Outline of Germanic Accidence." He was a profound scholar. Teaching, with him, was not drudgery. He felt proud of his profession, and discharged his duty with a conscientious fidelity.*

_ President Boyd, of the University of Louisiana, writes : " I consider the loss of Dr. Feulm to be a national calamity. The announcement of his death brings sorrow here in the far oouth as in the Northwest. Wherever he was known (and scholars and men of intelligence all over this country knew him), there is a profound regret that the accomplished linguist and courteous gentleman is no more." Prof. Whitney, of Yale College, says of him : " I lament his eain, regarding it as a painful and serious loss to philological science in America. I held for ^|m_aiiigh respect and warm personal affection."

Dr. Feuling has lectured before various colleges and educational associations. His pamphlet on the "Etymology of the Word Church," attracted the attention of Eastern linguists. Prof. Scheie de Vere, of the University of Virginia, writes of it : "I have been reading it again with appreciation of the distinction the author had won for himself and the university of which he was so bright an ornament."

Dr. Feuling's last address, " The Rhyme in Latin and Greek," was read by him before the philological convention at the John Hopkins University, in Baltimore, 1877. He was a frequent contributor to leading periodicals of this country, and had been, for some years, associate editor of a literary journal published in his native city. From these columns is selected the following, which shows that, in his literary tastes, poetry was an essential element, and that he cultivated the field with marked success :

Fata Morgana

Dr. Feuling was a memher of the American Oriental Society, and was invited to address its members, but the invitation came too late. According to his expressed wish, he was huried in Forest Plill Cemetery, near Madison, Wis., within sight of the 6ity he loved so well, and of the University, the scene of the labors of his active life.

was born in the town of Pawlet, Vt., April 27, 1819, and was, at the time of his death, in the fifty-ninth year of his age. His ancestors, both paternal and maternal, were Scotch- Irish. When about five years of age, he, with his parents, removed to the town of Hebron, Washington Co., N. Y., and not long afterward, to the town of Granville, where he resided until he commenced his professional career. He was educated at the academy in North Granville, and in the spring of 1840, entered upon the study of law in the oiSce of James McCall, at Sandy Hill, N. Y., and afterward ^continued it in the office of Messrs. Bishop & Agan, at Granville. He was admitted to the bar at the January term of the Supreme Court, in Albany, N. Y., in 1845, and immediately after began the practice of his profession with Mr. Agan at Granville, continuing with him about two years, and then forming a law partnership with Mr. Bishop, which continued until he removed to Madison, Wis., in the spring of 1856. He was Postmaster at Granville for a period of five years, and in 1853 he was elected to the Senate of New York, from the district then composed of the counties of Saratoga and Washington ; he was an active, influential and efficient Senator, and a member of the Judiciary Committee of that body.

Upon his settlement in Madison, he became associated in practice with Harlow S. Orton, and at once entered upon a large and successful business. Soon after his arrival in Wisconsin, a code of practice, substantially like that of New York, was adopted, and he performed the prmcipal work in arranging it and adapting it to the provisions of the constitution and judicial system of the State. Politically, he was an ardent Whig, so long as that party existed, and on the fornaation of the Republican party allied himself and acted with that organization; but Qunng his residence in Wisconsin, he gave but little attention to politics, his time being entirely occupied with the duties of his profession. He manifested but little or no ambition for the doubtful honors of modern political life. W V. 7^ ^"- ^'^''®^'^'^'' lawyer, well read in his profession, and entirely devoted to its duties.

" d V W ''"^'"^^^ transactions ; and, with a judgment rarely at fault, he was a cautious, safe, an reliable counselor. He was a close student ; prepared his cases for trial or argument with gency which might, be reasonably anticipated. In the presentation of them, whether to the jun or the court, he was clear in statement, incisive, vigorous and able in argument ; and, keeping clearly in view the practical necessities of the case, he sought rather to instruct and convince than to entertain or captivate his hearers ; and whether at nisi prius or before the Appellate Court, he was a wary, vigilant and formidable opponent. Quick to detect an error or mistake he was certain to take advantage of and expose it. In his intercourse with his professional brethren, he was obliging and courteous, and, with an extensive fund of general knowledge, lie was a pleasing and instructive conversationalist. Added to these advantages, his habits of great industry and promptness in the discharge of his duties, personal as well as professional, enabled him to acquire an extensive and lucrative practice, and a prominent position in the front rank of the bar of the State.

He continued to practice his profession in Madison until, by an act of Congress of June 29, 1870, Wisconsin was divided into two judicial circuits, the Eastern and the Western, when, on the 9th of July, 1870, he was commissioned as District Judge for the newly created Wo 'cm District. He'at once entered upon the]discharge of the duties of his position, and, until \u6 l;wt illness, he devoted, with unremitting zeal and industry, all his learning, his extensive expiHence and distinguished ability to the requirements of his judicial station. A love of order and prompt and exact administration of the law, and his kindly courtesy and unwearied patience, rendered practice in the court in which he presided pleasant and attractive. Counsel never had occasion to complain that they had not been fully and fairly heard before him, or that even an implied restraint had been placed on an exhaustive discussion of all their points.

In the hearing and decision of equity causes, and in the administration of the system of bankruptcy then in force, with which he became thoroughly conversant and skilled in its prompt and efficient administration, he had few if any superiors. He delivered many valuable opinions, which stand deservedly high as authority on questions of bankruptcy law. Long familiarity with, and wide and varied experience in, business transactions, enabled him to easily master the details of a cause, and readily perceive the precise point upon which it depended. He was quick to detect any artifice, fraud, or sham, and prompt and resolute to expose and rebuke it. * * * During the seven years of his judicial life, when not engaged in his own district, his time was almost constantly occupied in holding court in other districts of the circuit, and frequently at Chicago, where he was highly esteemed as an able Judge. Wherever it was his fortune to preside, he won, as in his own district, the confidence and respect of the profession, and all interested in the orderly, intellii^ent and impartial administration of justice. He was a genial gentleman, an excellent lawyer, and an able and faithful Judge. He died in Madison, September 3, 1877.* was born August 1, 1834, at Cold Springs, Virginia. Soon after his birth, his parents moved to Maryland, settling near Hagerstown. He received his early education at the country school and was quick to learn. He afterward taught school, occupying his winter months in that vocation, and working on a farm during the summer. Meanwhile, his abilities and address attracted toward him so much attention that, in 1854, he was the recipient of an appointment from the member of Congress of his district as cadet to the military academy at West Point, entering the institution July 1, of that year, and graduating July 1, 1858, when he was promoted in the regular army to Brevet Second Lieutenant of Infantry.

He began his duties as soldier in the garrison at Newport Barracks, Kentucky, whore he remained until January 19, 1859, when he was transferred to the frontier as Second Lieutenant of the Fifth Infantry, in which capacity he conducted recruits to Utah. He then took part m the Utah expedition. Afterward and until 1861, he served in Forts Fauntleroy, Defiance and Union, in New Mexico - going upon the Navajo expedition in the year last mentioned. On tne

14th of May 1861, he was promoted to First Lieutenant of the Eleventh Infantry. On the 24th of October following, he was commissioned Captain of the Twelfth Infantry Regiment, being engaged as Acting Assistant Adjutant General of the Department of New Mexico, from that time to June, 1862. He took part in the battle of Valverde February 21, 1862, and for gallant and meritorious services in that conflict was brevetted Major. He was engaged in opening communication between Fort Craig and Fort Union, in February and March following, and was in various skirmishes. In September, he was on recruiting service at Cincinnati, during a threatened attack upon that city. On the 11th of October, he was appointed Colonel of the Fourth Regiment of Maryland Volunteers, joining this regiment in the field, but ordered afterward with his force to Baltimore to guard recruits. He resigned ttat office on the 17th of November following.

On the 20th of February, 1863, he was given Signal duty and continued in that service until August 23, 1865, having first the command of the " Signal Camp of Instruction;" then of the Signal detachment in the Department of West Virginia ; in charge also of the Signal line between Harper's Ferry and Washington ; then of the Signal detachment with the Army of the Potomac on the pursuit of the enemy through Maryland, in July, 1863, participating in several skirmishes, being commissioned Major of the Signal Corps, the 18th of September, to rank from March 3, previous. He was then put in charge of the Signal Bureau at Washington, and was in command of the Signal Corps from October 13, 1863, to December 26, 1864, being commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of the latter June 30, of the year last mentioned, to rank from March 3, 1863. He was made Inspector of the same corps March 31, 1865, serving to August 23, following, when he was mustered out and restored to his regiment - the Twelfth Infantry - to rank from .October 24, 1861. He served from September, 1865, to the year 1868, in garrisons at Fort Hamilton, New York, Richmond, Petersburg and Fredericksburg, Virginia, and at Washington, when he was detailed to give instruction in military science and tactics in the Western University at Pittsburgh, Penn. Here he remained two years. He was honorably discharged from the army on the 29th of December, 1870, under an act of Congress of that year, and was, on the 18th of January following, elected to a professorship in the University of Wisconsin.

In February, 1871, he entered upon the duties of his new position. Ambitious and energetic, he soon gave life to the department to which he had been called. He thoroughly remodeled'the course in civil engineering, and soon drew around him a number of students of that specialty, winning from them, by his thorough but kindly manliness, by his enthusiastic devotion to their wants, and by his eflForts for their subsequent welfare, a warm and lasting regard. Equal success crowned his eiforts in the department of military science, where he succeeded in making both popular and useful the drill, which before had always been extremely irksome to the students. His genial manner and varied experience made him a very pleasant companion, and he soon won the regard of his fellow- workers at the University.* As Professor of one of the technical courses, the classes instructed by Prof. Nicodemus were small, and the relationship between teacher and student correspondingly close. Though he met the regular college students but for one term in the class-room, it was not difficult for them to discern, in that short time, those genial heart-qualities, that almost womanly tenderness, which made him the warm personal friend of every worthy man who made his acquaintance. A more striking illustration of the esteem in which the students held Maj. Nicodemus could not be found than the spirit manifested toward him at all times by the University battalion. No man could have been more successful "* ®"^iting an interest in an irksome duty than was he in conducting the military exercises, f

Ihe connection of Prof. Nicodemus with the geological survey of Wisconsin began by his being employed to prepare maps for an annual report. In 1875, he was regularly commissioned opographical assistant of the survey, and personally prepared or superintended the preparation oi^the maps for the report of that year. The next year a regular plan for the maps to Survey, for the year 1878, where is to be found an excellent paper in uSdSr A'!"''^"'' ^^ P^f- *"*"' Conover, of the University of Wisconsin. T Aoaptea frem the VrmmUy Prm (Madison, Wis.,) January 17, 1879.

company the volumes of the final report was adopted, and he was intrusted with their preparation. Jn his report for 1876, the State Geologist says: "Prof. Nicodemus has been actively engaged in compiling the geographical data for the maps, and in drawing them upon a uniform and accurate scale. Each township has been carefully built up from the notes and plats of the original Government linear surveys, and the natural features have been compiled from a large collection of State, sectional, county, township, and special maps," " The work of this department [drafting]," says the chief geologist, in 1877, "which assumes increasing importance in the preparation of the final report, has continued, as heretofore, mainly in the hands of Prof. William J. L. Nicodemus and Mr. A D. Conover, of the State University. They have, during the year, completed the drawing of the maps for the atlas accompanying Volume II of the final report - and a portion of those for the remaining volumes; and several others are in various degrees of advancement." In his report of 1878, the State Geologist remarks : " Prof W. J. L. Nicodemus, topographical assistant to the survey, and Mr. A. D. Conover, of the State University, who have previously done the larger part of the drafting of the geological maps, have completed those assigned them for the atlas that is to accompany Volume III of the final report, and have made progress with other work placed in their hands."

Since his connection with the University of Wisconsin, Prof. Nicodemus has more than once been tempted to leave ; and, among other proflfers, he received one from Gen. Sherman, with whom he was personally well acquainted, asking him to accept a position as professor of mathematics at $2,600 per annum, in gold, in a college just being started by the Khedive of Egypt. Of modest, retiring disposition. Prof, Nicodemus rarely spoke of himself or of his many experiences. Possessed of a large store of nervous force, he rapidly and efficiently accomplished whatever he took in hand. Ambitious to provide for the wants of his family, should they ever be left without his care, he felt pressed to engage in business enterprises outside of the duties of his professorship. As he was never slack in his duty to the university, he must have drawn very largely on his vitality to accomplish the work he undertook. This is more especially true of the past university year, when, burdened more than usually with the needs, for instruction in his growing department, and with his work for the geological survey, he shared largely in the labor, the risks, and anxieties consequent on publishing, along with A. D. Conover, a large and very accurate map of Wisconsin. The draft on his nervous system proved great, and brought on insomnia, which finally developed alarmingly. He died in Madison, on the 6th of January, 1879, and was buried near that city, in the beautiful Catholic cemetery of Forest Hill.* The position he occupied in the university he continued to fill most acceptably until his death. He was married, in Georgetown, D. C, to Miss Fannie E. Pettit, December 27, 1864.

In 1875 was published a " Hand-Book for Charcoal Burners," a Swedish work, translated by Prof. R. B. Anderson, of the University of Wisconsin, and edited with notes by Prof. Nicodemus. The original work is by G. Svedelius, and is probably the best treatise on the manufacture of charcoal ever written. Prof. Anderson's translation is admirable. The notes of Prof. Nicodemus add to the interest and value of the book. The twenty-three wood engravings illustrating the text are well executed. Prof. Nicodemus had prepared, at the date of his death, and nearly finished what was at first intended only as a translation of Reauleaux's " Manual of Civil Engineering " (the volume containing tables); but, under his hands, it developed into a much more complete manual of tables than the original.

Prof. Nicodemus was a member of the Wisconsin Academy of sciences, arts and letters, and contributed to its " Transactions " several papers that are commendable not only for what he says, but for the way he clothes his thoughts. These contributions are (1) " On the Wisconsin River Improvement ;" (2) " Railway Gauges ;" (3) " The Ancient Civilization of America.' "The ancient works," he truly and clearly says, in the last-mentioned paper, "divide themselves into three great geographical divisions, namely : South America, on the west coast, between Chili and the second degree of north latitude ; Central America and Mexico ; and the valleys of the Mississippi and Ohio." He has given to the periodical press a number of articles,

La Fayette Kellogg, son of Eowland Kellogg and his wife Sarah Titus, was born at Blizabethtown, Essex Co., N. Y. and was educated at the same place. Came West in 1838, and spent nearly a year in the lead mines at Mineral Point, and returned to Madison in the summer of 1839, held several town and county offices until August 11, 1840, when he was appointed Clerk of the Supreme Court of the Territory, which office he held until the State Government was organized, when, from continued ill health, he was obliged to give up all kinds of business until December, 1851, when, his health having improved, he again took charge of the office as Deputy Clerk, and discharged the duties of the same until the organization of the separate Supreme Court in June, 1853, when he was again appointed Clerk, and held that office to the day of his death. He was also elected Chief Clerk of the House of Representatives at its session in 1845, and was re-elected at the session of 1846, 1847 and 1848, and was also elected Secretary of the first convention to frame a constitution for the then future State of Wisconsin, which constitution was rejected by a vote of the people on the first Tuesday of April, 1847. He died in Madison on the 4th day of June, 1878.

was born in Eaynham, Bristol Co., Mass., September 17, 1817. He received an academic education, and taught school one or two winters, commencing when he was eighteen years of age, near his native home. When he was twenty-one years of age, he went to whaJr was then the Far West, and located at Niles, in Michigan. Here he entered upon mercantile life, with fair prospects, that were blasted, after a few years, by a severe loss by fire, that deprived him of all his property. He then came across Lake Michigan, and, after spending a short time at Joliet, III, in 1842, came to Madison, where he resided until his death. For a time he served as a clerk with his cousin, Dr. Weston, who was one of the early merchants in Madison. In 1844, Mr. Dean commenced business with his brother, B. B. Dean, Jr., and for several years their store was the leading establishment in the place. They started business in the old Argua wooden building, on Main street, but soon located in what is known as the " Great Arcade Building," that stood on King street. This old Arcade building was removed several years ago, and is now known as the Pyncheon residence. In this building, N. W. and E. B. Dean were successful merchants for several years, keeping a general stock of dry goods, groceries and crockery, usually kept in small places. They were succeeded in business, in about 1849, by William N. Seymour and E. L. Varney. In a year or twq, N. W. Dean opened a store in his own name, and continued to be a leading merchant in Madison until 1857, when he retired finally from this line of business and afterward devoted his time in taking care of extensive real estate inter^ts, of which he had then become possessed, and to which he subsequently made large additions. He left a considerable estate in lands, located in various parts of Wisconsin and in other otates, extending into Kansas, where he owned a fine farm. His property and its great variety gave ample labor to Mr. Dean in its management, and to this work, he devoted a large portion 01 his time for more than twenty years. Mr. Dean was not engaged in prominent public enterprises in Madison, to any considerable extent. He was a liberal contributor to the Congregational Society, aiding in the erection of its church and in many other ways. He was a member of the Park Hotel Company and its largest stockholder. He erected, a few years ago, the brick block at the point centering on King and Pinckney streets, at the east corner of the square. As a business man, he was industrious and energetic and generally successful.

promise of his early years in Wisconsin, and possibly his life in this respect was hardly satistoiy to his own ambition. For many years, there were but few men who were more popular with the people of the Territory, or who possessed brighter prospects for political preferment than did Mr. Dean. He was a man of fine personal address, of excellent ability, and a zealous Whig, so long as that party lived. His being a Whig prevented early promotion ; as, in Territorialdays, the Democrats had their own way in Wisconsin. In 1847, Mr. Dean wtis the Whig candidate for the Constitutional Convention and made a gallant run, but, his party being largely in the minority, he was unsuccessful. For several years he was a Regent of the Wisconsin University, and was active in promoting the aifairs of this institution in its early days, when it had to struggle hard for a respectable foothold. In 1856, Mr. Dean was elected a member oi the Assembly, and served faithfully and efficiently in that body. It was during the session he was a member, that the bill providing for the erection of the new capitol was passed, and he was entitled to much credit for the success of that measure. He became a Republican upon the organization of that party, and for many years was a zealous worker in it.

Mr. Dean was a man of fine social qualities - intelligent, fluent in conversation, and attractive in manners. In society, he occupied a prominent position, and was extensively acquainted in all parts of the State, and in many other parts of the country.

In 1847, Mr. Dean was married to Miss Harriet H. Morrison, daughter of the late James Morrison, of Madison. One child, a son, was born to them in 1849, but died when he was quite young. Mr. Dean died February 28, 1880.

was born at Elbridge, Onondaga Co., N. Y., July 24, 1823. His father, Squire M. Brown, was a well-to-do farmer of that town, and occupied a position of considerable prominence. He frequently represented his town in the County Board, and his district in the Legislature. He was an excellent, practical .agriculturist. The subject of this sketch, as a lad, worked on his father's farm ; received an academic education, and, at the age of seventeen, struck out for himself From early childhood, he showed wonderful business qualifications ; was ever ready to trade, and always had something to sell. At the age of seventeen, Mr. Brown took a position in a country store at Jordan, near Syracuse, that was owned by George A. Mason, Esq., who had married his elder sister. Here our subject remained some two or three years, receiving small pay ; but when he left^ he had saved his earnings with much care - nothing had been wasted. He then received a position as book-keeper in the bank of Salina. His faithfulness to business soon earned promotion, and he became first teller and then cashier of that strong banking institution. By frugality, he accumulated some means while in this bank. In 1855, he resigned his position as cashier of the Bank of Salina, and settled in Madison.

He became cashier of the old " Dane County Bank," in which he also was a large stock- Jiolder, and remained in this position till 1864, when this bank adopted the natural banking laws and became the First National Bank, and for some years Mr. Brown acted as cashier of that bank and was a main stockholder in it. He afterward sold out a portion of his stock, resigned his position as cashier, and was, for a few years, Vice President of the institution, devoting a large portion of his time to outside investments. He retained, to the time of his death, a small amount of the stock of that bank, and continued one of its directors and a member of the executive committee. His business experience and wise counsel were of importance to the management of the institution.

In 1870, Mr. Brown became the owner of a large portion of the stock of the Madison Gas Company, from which time he took almost exclusive charge of its affairs. He made important improvements in the works. He took a deep interest in the management, became thoroughly versed in what was the best machinery, and procured it.

For about twenty years, Mr. Brown was a Director in the Madison Fire Insurance Company - a member of the Executive Committee all the time - and for many years Treasurer of it.

He was connected with many business enterprises in Madison, among which was the Madison Manufacturing Company, and in all positions was of material service in promoting their interests. Where extensive business experience, sound judgment and a clear head were required, Timothy Brown was ever found ready, efficient and valuable.

Mr. Brown was a man of retiring habits ; was wholly free from ambition for political preferment always declining to be considered a candidate for official position. His services were demanded by the almost unanimous voice of the people of the county - as County Commissioner for a term or two - and no county ever had a more competent or faithful officer than he was during the brief time he could be induced to hold the office. This was the only public office, we believe that Mr. Brown permitted himself to hold, and he held this one against his own will, but greatly to the benefit of his county.

The life of Mr. Brown was purely a business one. His integrity of character was never questioned. As a business man, he was a marked success ; capable, industrious, frugal, clearheaded and strictly honest, his business life could not fail of being attended with good results.

Socially, Mr. Brown was a pleasant man. He was not what is generally understood to be a society man, as he shrank from it ; he disliked crowds ; but he enjoyed a small circle of friends and made himself very agreeable with them. He was also a very kind man to all in distress or who needed help ; many are the cases in the city where his means have been quietly used in making happy those who were in needy circumstances. These services were always performed without show. He obeyed in his works the Scripture injunction - not letting the left hand know what the right hand did. He disliked anything like a display in doing good.

The family of Mr. Brown consisted of two brothers and one sister. The sister, the eldest of the family, was the wife of George A. Mason, and died some years ago, and the two brothers, one older and the other younger than Timothy, survive. Mr. Brown died at his residence ia Madison, November 15, 1879.

Ole Bornemann Bull was born at Bergen, Norway, February 5, 1810. His father, a druggist, who had destined him for the church, steadily repressed his passion for music. At the age of eighteen, he was placed at the University of Christiania, but, when he took the temporary charge of the orchestra at one of the theaters during the illness of the leader, his connection with the university was dissolved. In 1829, he went to Cassel to study with Spohr, but his playing bad so chilling an effect, that, in despair, he went to Gottingen and commenced the study of the law. His fondness for his art soon. interrupted this pursuit, and he went to Minden, where he gave his first concert abroad. He then went to Paris, where he was reduced to great straits. A lady, who saw in him a likeness to her deceased son, took him into her house, and he afterward married her grand-daughter. The proceeds of his first concert which was held in Paris, April 18, 1832, gave him the means for a musical tour through Italy. The next seven years were spent in professional journeys through Italy, France, Germany, England and Russia, by which he acquired a handsome fortune. Returning to his native place in 1838, with his wife, he settled upon an estate which he had purchased in the neighborhood. At the end of five years, he came to the United States, and, after a career of great success, returned to Europe in 1845. ^urmg the next seven years, he gave concerts in the chief cities of the Continent, visited Algeria, made improvements in musical instruments, built a theater in Bergen and endeavored to awaken in Norway an interest for national schools of literature and art. He introduced political sentiments into the dramas performed at his theater, and was brought into collision with the police. Lawsuits, in 1852, dissipated a large portion of his fortune, and he once more 19n nftff"""*'^^' ^°^ *® ^^^ World, and purchased a large tract of uncultivated land, comprising

"'""" *"es> in Potter County, Penn. A large number of families, to whom the lands were sola at a nominal price, gathered upon the spot, forming the germ of a colony, to which the name eana was given ; but at length the project was abandoned and the colony broken up. Ole resumed his concerts, and, in 1854, took a lease of the Academy of Music in New York, with the intention of undertaking the- management of the Italian opera; but the enterprise proved disastrous. He then returned to Europe, and, in 1869, re-visited the United States where, in 1870, he made a second marriage, this time taking for his wife Miss Sarah C. Thorp of Madison, Wis., where, until his death, he had his American residence. He died at Lyso near Bergen, Norway, August 17, 1880.

" Were it not that his hair is as white as the snow which falls from heaven, the most careful observer of Mr. Bull's face and physique would say that he is not by a decade and a half as near the ' three score and ten ' mile-post as he really is. But Ole Bull will never grow old. His towering form is as straight as an arrow ; his soft gray eyes light up with youthful fire as he engages you in earnest conversation ; the grasp of his long, strong hands is as firm and hearty as a half-century ago ; his nerves, that have undergone the exhausting tension of a wonderful inspiration during his long and triumphant reign over the musical world, are as much under his control as when his boyish hand first grasped the bow. Fifty years of conquest over millions of hearts that have almost ceased to beat as he held his magical scepter over them, have not chilled the warmth of his noble nature nor made him conscious of his imperial power. Pame rests upon him lightly. One forgets Ole Bull, the worthy wearer of Paganini's crown, when talking with Ole Bull, the man. Suggest to him some phase of European politics, some evidence of the coming disinthralldom of thought and the establishment of liberal constitutional governments all over the monarchical territory of the continent, and the musician gives place to the enlightened and progressive statesman. Let him discuss, in his animated, impetuous, yet candid and critical manner, the recent splendid triumph of republicanism in France, and you instinctively begin to speculate upon the resources of the protean intellect this man must possess."

" He is the welcome guest of every court in Europe. In every considerable town in the United States his face is familiar, and his music an historical event. He speaks fluently, besides his native tongue English, French, German and Italian, and possesses sufllcient knowledge of every European dialect to be at home in any province. He is also a classical scholar, and an enthusiastic patron of literature. He has done much to revive an interest in Norse literature and history. None of his mature life has been allowed to waste nor his splendid faculties to suffer by disuse. He is all fire and action. 01c Bull never consciously imitates; and this is the secret of his playing. For this reason, also, no artist can play his scores, neither does he himself play them twice alike. His music is materialized inspiration. His famous compositions are only written in his memory. The orchestras that have played his accompaniments have seen only their own parts ; Ole himself never saw a note of his own score written out. Hence bis compositions are personal - a part of himself. He is a great admirer of the national melodies of his own land, and has little love for anything that is void of a noble theme. His own music is the outward form of a sentiment, generally a patriotic, liberty -loving sentiment.

" Speaking of the manner of holding a violin, Mr. Bull said that in his early attempts to play he endeavored to imitate the positions of great players, but found that he could do far better in a way of his own. 'The violin,' said Mr. Bull, 'being the national instrument of Norway, and interest in its management then running very high on account of the cotemporary artists, there were plenty of critics to condemn my style, but I clung to it. My independence and my success gave me plenty of enemies. Why, when I first began to play in Germany, my staccato notes with full length of the bow were violently attacked by the critics. On account of the manner of holding the bow, none of the -artists had been able to execute successfully staccato notes with more than the lower half of it. The papers went so far as to say that my pretensions to do anything more than this were mere clap-trap, and warned the audiences to notice that when the Norwegian reached the middle of the bow the strain and execution were taken up by an accomplice behind the scenes !

"'When I first came to America in 1843,' continued Mr. Bull, ' I found plenty of critics, pitched into me right and left. James Gordon Bennett, the elder, came to me one day and said " Mr. Ball, I notice that some of the busy newspaper writers are trying to prejudice the people against your playing. I want to say to you that the columns of the Herald are open to you at any time to defend yourself." I thanked him for his courtesy, and goodnilturedly replied that the critics might write and I would play, and trust to luck as to who should come out ahead. I never replied to the critics except with my bow, and I managed to make friends of most of them.' "

The Madison writer continues : " One of his violins is a very ordinary looking affair, and to our uncritical eye appeared to be worth about 20 shillings. It is worth to Mr. Bull $25,000 - that is to say, he would not part with it for any sum which will ever be offered to him. This 13 the violin he uses in concerts. What a wonderful piece of work ! and what heavenly melodies its master can call out from it. It has held millions spell-bound, as its delicious notes have rolled out from under that inspired hand. There is no evidence of its value apparent. It is evidently old (about four hundred years), is perfectly plain in every part, the varnish is slightly effaced where it has come in contact with the chin, and that is all the writer could see about it. To be sure, there is a luster, deep and soft, about the varnish, but we should have guessed have guessed that any babinet-maker could have made the same effect had we not known different. " ' Why is it,' we asked, ' that the violin-makers of to-day cannot duplicate these instruments?' 'Because,' said Mr. Bull, 'they cannot secure the right kind of wood, and because the receipt for making the varnish used by Gaspar da Salo is a lost art. Ambitious violinmakers are doing all they can to discover how those old masters made their varnish, and have succeeded tolerably well in making a good article, but the Cremona school of makers died with *heir secret untold. There is a wealthy Parisian who owns a receipt which he will not divulge or a fortune. A Brooklyn man has made a few excellent instruments, but has not attempted ) go into the business on a large scale.'

"'Why don't you have larger keys made?' we inquired. ' Because,' said Mr. Bull, ' that would necessitate marring the beauty of the carved work about them, aijd that I could not be induced to do ; ' and the bare suggestion affected him visibly. '"Tell us its history, please,' we begged ; and Mr. Bull said :

" Gaspar da Salo, the only violin-maker who can be called the equal of Joseph Guanorius, hved and worked at the commencement of the sixteenth century. He had made a violin with so much care, and he was himself so satisfied with his work, that he desired Benvenuto Cellini to carve the neck. The head of the instrument forms a lovely cherub's face, which is supported by a smaller head and a bust of a maiden, the features being of exquisite workmanship. The rest of the neck is most beautifully cut and gilded, and the colors are clear and bright, though they are now over 300 years old, as the instrument was made in 1532. The wood from which Gaspar da Salo chose his material grew on the mountains between Brescia and Verona, where it was so finely developed by the even temperature prevailing there that the vems ot the wood are exactly an even distance apart. The mountains near Brescia are entirely denuded of trees. It is impossible to find such wood elsewhere, and the instruments of this master are unique in this respect, and cannot be imitated. Cardinal Adalbrandini bought Gaspar da balo's and Benvenuto Cellini's violin for 3,000 ducats, and presented it to the Treasury oi innspruck, from which it got its name of the ' Treasury Violin,' which it has since retained. When Innspruck was invaded by the French, in 1809, it came into possession of a soldier, who gave It over to Rhaczek for the insignificant sum of 400 guilden.

" 'In 1839, I visited Rhaczek^saw the violin, and bid all I possessed for the instrument offering as well the proceeds of the concerts I was then giving in Vienna. ' Give me the fourth of Vienna, and then we shall see,' was Rhaczek's reply. But he promised me if he ever parted with it I should have the preference. Two years later, in Leipsic, Liszt and Mendelssohn were dining with me, and while we sat at the table a servant brought in an envelope bearing a great seal, which I put one side.

" ' Open your letter,' cried Liszt ; ' it has a large seal, and may be important.' It proved to be from the son of Rhaczek, and imparted the news of his father's death, and that ' a clause in his will directed that the Treasury violin should be sent to Ole Bull.' Of course my delight knew no bounds, and I told the good news to my friends. ' What a wonderful violin it must be to cost so much money,' said Mendelssohn. ' We must play the Kreutzer Sonata together the first time you use it in public' When the instrument came it was found that there was no bar in it ; and it had, therefore, never been played upon. As soon as possible, it was put in order, and, as Mendelssohn had suggested, it was consecrated to art by the playing of Beethoven's ' Sonata.' Its tone was found to be worthy of its great beauty. I paid the 4,000 ducats (|8,000), which was my standing offer for it, most willingly.'

" Money could not buy it now, though Mr. Bull uses it before assemblages of a semi-private nature. When he is made the guest of his distinguished friends, he accedes to their request for music by playing the ' Treasury.'

" Mr. Bull composes his music as he walks and talks. His most celebrated pieces were arranged under great pressure. We can only allude to a concert in ' B minor,' one of his most brilliant productions, that he arranged in Prague, upon which he worked two days and nights without cessation. This incident he related with a charming naivete, and we only wish space would allow us to report it here. His famous ' Polacca Guerriera ' has an equally interesting history, and we reproduce it here. Said Mr. Bull : ' In 1838, I spent three months in Rome, during the carnival. I lived in the same house with the celebrated Norse landscape painter, Thomas Eearnley, and was having a gay time with the artists then in the city. A concert was to be given the following night in Oasa Lepre, upon the programme of which I was announced for a still unwritten composition, entitled 'Polacca Guerriera.' Mr. Fearnley knew that not a single note of it had been written, and was greatly distressed lest I should make a total failure of it. He communicated his fear to his friends, who also besought me to go to work and leave pleasure alone. At 10 o'clock the night before the concert, Mr. Fearnley and I retired to our room, where the artist again implored me to compos? my piece. 'Now,' said I, ' I am sleepy, and am bound to have my rest.' At that I leaped into my bed and soon snored loudly. I heard my friend sorrowfully soliloquize,^'My conscience! what a reckless man he is, anyway; just hear him snore. Bull!' he shouted, 'Mr. Bull! won't you get up and go to work ? ' But I refused to stir. Fearnley finally went to sleep, and then I cautiously stole out of the room and began the scores for the orchestra. At 6 in the morning, all the parts were written out in short-hand and sent to the copyist. Then I noiselessly returned to my room and was soon asleep. Very soon Fearnley shouted, ' Bull ! Bull ! had you not better get up and write ? ' 'No,' I replied shortly, 'I wish you would let me take my rest.' ' This is terrible,' said poor, distracted Fearnley. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, I stole away from my friends, and had a secret rehearsal with the orchestra, and the ' Polacca ' went off splendidly. Meeting Mr. Fearnley, who had sworn he would not ,go to the concert under any consideration, I said to him, 'How now, Fearnley, will you not go to the concert to-night?'

"'No, indeed, I will not,' he answered; do you suppose I want to be a witness to your disgrace? You do not know the Italians; they will tear you to pieces.'

" I told him to come, stand near the door and be ready to retreat at any moment. Albert Thorwaldsen, the famous sculptor, who had been of our party the day previous, was also m a great state of alarm about my apparent indifference, and just before the concert asked ley if I had yet done any work on the 'Polacca.' Mr. Fearnley assured "^im most dolefully that I had not written a note, and the two were utterly cast down in their sympathetic sorroV.

Fearnley was a constant chewer of tobacco,'and used an enormous quantity at a time. When he was excited, the quid was made to gyrate vigorously from one cheek to the other, while he expectorated like a steam pump. Well, to cut the story short, the concert hour came, and the vast building was crowded. I played two numbers before the main piece came on, and in looking over the audience, I saw my anxious friends just inside the door, pale and disheartened. Finally the 'Polacca Guerriera' was announced, the orchestra took its place, and I began. Every part came in with perfect success, and I began to wonder how my friends felt. I looked over by the door, and there they were, faces beaming with surprise and delight, and what struck me most forcibly, was Fearnley's tobacco quid, which, even at my distance, I could distinctly see was changing positions with lightning rapidity. The Italians who were going to tear me to pieces seemed to go crazy with delight, and I was repeatedly recalled. In the midst of the applause, my how overjoyed friends appeared upon the stage, and Thorwaldsen actually embraced me in the presence of the audience."

"Yes," said Mr. Bull, laughing, " I have. One night, when my party was quietly floating down the Ohio River, the boat blew up, and 200 people were drowned. It was the 4th of December, and the water was fearfully cold. To add to the confusion, the boat was partly loaded with kerosene, which spread out over the water in one appalling sheet of flame. I seized my violin case, sought a place where there was the least kerosene and drowning people, and sprang into the river. It was midnight. When I reached the' bank I found it steep and of slippery clay. Though nearly drowned, I managed to throw the case up safely on shore, and, after a terrible struggle, followed it. It was an uninhabited section of country, and, though nearly frozen, I wandered about until morning before I found shelter.

"Then, again, when in Iowa, one night, I was awakened by cries of fire, and found that the hotel was in flames. I was pretty well up to the top, and hence did not stop for ceremony. I caught up my violin case, groped my way down through the blinding smoke and appeared upon the street, where the thermometer was down to zero, arrayed simply in my night shirt. But I saved my violin."

" The hist sad rites are over, for the great man has now gone from us. It is impossible in the short space of a letter to give any idea of the honors which have been lavished upon him. King and peasant, all classes, have united in one universal testimony that ' Ole Bull was Norway's greatest man and most beloved son.' The first intelligence of his death was conveyed by the steamer Bjarne, which went into Bergen with its flag at half-mast. Instantly, as soon as it could be done, every flag in the harbor went down, and as the message spread, hundreds of flags all over Bergen, with the four on the common, which are never used save for royalty, were displayed at half-mast. The Common Council met at once and passed resolutions desiring that he should be interred in Bergen, and off'ering to Mrs. Bull the central place in the cemetery, a place which it had been decided should be always reserved for celebrations of the birthdays of diatinguiahed men buried there. It was desired for Christie, Norway's great statesman, whose statute is on the common, but was refused. It was given at once spontaneously, and a subscription started for a statue to Mr. Bull. The steamboats oSered their services free, and on inday after his death, 400 people came out to see his remains, leaving as many more which the boat could not carry. Yesterday, a large steamer, with 150 people who were invited, family and intimate friends, came out, and the funeral services were held in the hall where the remains lay in state. On Sunday, a steamer came to bring flowers, and his casket was loaded with exquisite floral designs, among which were a beautiful floral violin, crowns and wreaths.

'Fifteen large steamers met the one carrying his body, before reaching Bergen, and escorted it in, with signals fired, church bells ringing, and thousands upon the strand, and the streets, as far as could be seen, were one sea of heads. The quay was decorated and spread with green, as were also the streets through which the procession passed. The house where he was born was decorated, and the procession halted while words were sung composed for the occasion. The body was borne from the steamer by peasants in uniform and placed upon a catafalque drawn by four black horses. The casket was so high that it could be seen above the multitude which filled the streets. His own American flag preceded him, and many more of beautiful designs. Twelve young ladies, with crape badges, bore his trophies, and all the city authorities were in the procession. Much, much more than I can describe, was done, all that human hands and human hearts inspired by the tenderest love, could devise.

" The best of all, that which touched and thrilled every heart, was after the Bishop had ended. The grave, with the sides lined with flowers and the bottom covered, was in the most beautiful spot ever seen anywhere. Bjornson, himself a King, who came from Christiania to attend the funeral ceremonies, arose, and, looking upon the casket below, covered and surrounded with flowers, pale and full of emotion, said : ' He was beloved, Ole Bull.'

" Every heart seemed stunned, and the vast multitude, numbering not less than 25,000, were silent as the one below. Bjornson talked nearly an hour, and every word was a jewel. He thanked Mrs. Bull, for all present, that she had made his last days so happy, and said to all that Ole Bull's last request was that Norway should love and cherish his wife, who had loved him and smoothed his pathway. The half cannot be told; it should have been witnessed to be understood. The newspapers are doing what is only done for royalty, devoting one side for a week to notices, poems and sketches of his life, with mourning decorations. The King telegraphed his condolence. Bjornson and Lund returned with the family to Lyso, and, as they left, signals were fired."

William B. Slaughter published in 1878 a lengthy autobiography in a work entitled " Reminiscences of Distinguished Men," an abstract of which is here given :

" I. was born on the 19th day of April, 1797, in the County of Culpeper, in the State of Virginia ; the son of Samuel and Francis Slaughter, both of English descent ; and both well educated. My father was an excellent Greek and Latin scholar, and his taste in English literature was formed by reading such authors as Johnson, Addison, Goldsmith, Swift, Steele and Parnell. His children, of whom he had thirteen (three sons, of whom I was the eldest, and ten daughters), were educated at home in private classical schools under his own observation. I completed my education at William and Mary College ; although I was there but a short time and not a class student, I learned rapidly and rarely forgot what I learned.

" From William and Mary College I went to Halifax County, Va., to study law with my uncle, William B. Banks, a man of genius, learning and eloquence.

"During the two years I remained with my uncle I read law, history, commentaries on government, the great speeches of the great men of the world on law and civil polity ; likewise the poems of Homer, Virgil, Dante, Camoens, Shakspeare, Milton and Byron, many of the striking portions of which still remain in my memory.

" The two years' confinement in my uncle's law oflSce was too severe a tax upon my nervous system, and my health gave way. I spent one summer at the White Sulphur Springs, receiving but little benefit ; the next in Culpeper among my relatives; and in October, 1824, I joineda party of three hundred persons who chartered a boat at Alexandria, Virginia, to take us to Yorktown to welcome the Marquis De La Fayette on the plains of York, on which Lord Cornwallis surrendered his sword to the American arms on the I9th of October, 1781.

" Having recovered my health in 1825, 1 anticipated Horace Greeley's advice to young men, and went West. The most practicable mode of travel in those days was on horseback, and thus I proceeded on my journey. I reached Charlestown on the Kanawha, in October, 1825, remained there two months with my relatives, thence went to Lancaster, Ohio, where I became acquainted with Thomas Ewing, the first distinguished man I met in the West, and with whom I ibrmed a friendship that lasted during his life - a life fraught with honorable deeds, with patriotic sentiments, and with generous sympiithies.

"After remaining a week at Columbus, I proceeded on my journey to Kentucky, the then El Dorado of all Virginians, and the ' ultima thule ' of my heart's desires. On my way I spent one night at Circleville.

"I arrived at Bardstown, Ky., in February, 1826, and found as many Slaughters as I left in Virginia, uncles, aunts and cousins innumerable, one of whom, the daughter of an uncle, I married. Kentucky was settled principally by Virginians, many of whom inherited the lands

" Through an uncle residing in Kentucky, a warm personal and political friend of Gen. Jackson I received an invitation to visit him, at the Hermitage, which I accepted in 1827. My uncle had published a pamphlet entitled '^Philo Jackson,' advocating his election to the Presidency which was distributed in almost every State in the Union. It was written with much vigor and doubtless had a decided effect. The General's gratitude to ray uncle was manifested by repeated acts of kindness to me. Through his influence, direct and indirect, I was retained in public office seven years.