Baraboo City (part 4 of 5)

JAMES CRAWFORI>, farmer. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Baraboo ; son of James and Lucy Wallace Crawford ; came to Wisconsin in the fall of 18-17, located where he now resides, in spring of 1848 ; born near Columbus, Huron Co., Ohio ; emigrated from Oliio to within six miles of Beloit. Wis., and remained there until 1847, when he located where he now resides. Mr. Crawford enlisted in the army as a musician and was stationed at Fort Scott, Kan. James Crawford, father of subject of this sketch, was born in Delaware Co., N. Y., and died Aug. 19, 1876, in Baraboo, Wis. The mother of Mr. Crawford was born in Vermont, and died Oct. 14, 1873, in Baraboo. Mr. Crawford has held the office of Supervisor ; belongs to the Temple of Honor, was a member of the Good Templars, always been a temperance worker ; he is a member of the Methodist Church.

LEVI CROUCH; was born in the town of Cohocton, Steuben Co., N. Y., Feb. 20, 1836 ; came to Baraboo December 8, 1857 ; has been engaged in practice of law, dealing in real estate and speculating, etc.. since that time ; he has also carried on stone quarrying extensively - owning two quarries - the only ones of consequence here. Married at Liberty, Steuben Co., N. Y., Sept. 17, 1861, to Julia Woodworth ; she was born near Cambridge. Washington Co., N. Y., Feb. 29, 1840 ; they have one daughter, Minnie Belle, born June 23, 1865. Lost one son, Francis Clark, aged a little less than one year.

SAHUELi CROUCH, one of the firm of Crouch Bros., livery business, and sale stable, on Oak street, opposite the Sumner Housa ; they keep a large stock, and have some of the finest turnouts in the town ; the stable was built in 1878, of brick, two stories high, fifty-four feet front, and sixty-six feet deep, has a basement and stable room for twenty-five head of horses, has all the modern improvements for a. firstclass livery. They also keep some first-class stallions, among them three head of young Hambletonians, grand.sons of Rysdik's Hambletonian, and these are the first importation of that breed to Sauk Co.

ROSE DAVIDS, occupation, farming, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Baraboo ; daughter of Isaac H. and Sarah Mitchell ; came to Wisconsin in the fall of 1839, and located in Walworth, Walworth Co.; located in Baraboo, Sauk Co., March, 1854 ; owns 40 acres of land four miles from the village of Baraboo ; born in Warren, Warren Co., Penn., March 5, 1816. Married Nov. 17, 1831, to Isaac Davids, son of George W. Davids and Elizabeth Wells Davids. Isaac Davids died Feb. 6, 1860. Mrs. Davids' family consisted of ten children - Elizabeth, Casinda, Ruthan, Louis W., Alfred H., Francis M., Emma, Isaac, Samuel W. and George W. Alfred, died March 26, 1868 ; Ca.sinda, died x\ug. 3, 1863 ; Louis W. was in the army and a member of 4th W. V. C. Father of Mrs. Davids was in the war of 1812. Isaac Davids, husband of Mrs. Davids, was the first man who drove a four-horse team into the city of Madison, Dane Co., Wis. Mrs. Davids belongs to the M. E. Church.

MOSES MITCHELL DAVIS was born in Sharon, Windsor Co., Vt., August 27, 1820 ; his father was Moses Davis, a native of Methuen, Ma.ss ; his muther was I'nUy Chandler Davis, a native of Pomfret, Conn ; he was educated in the common schools, and at Norwich University, which institution he entered in the spring of 1837; while acquiring h\<, education, he was coniprllcd for want of funds to teach school during the winter months, and labor on a farm in the summer, attending to his studies in spring and autumn. He commenced the study of medicine and surgery with Dr. D. C. Joslyn, of Waitsfield, Vt., in 1843 ; the sama year hi attended medical lectures at Dartmouth, the New ll:nnpshin; .Medical College; subsequently he attended two courses of medical lectures at the Vermont Medical College, at Woodstock, from which college he graduated in June, 1846 ; he at once entered upon the practice of liis j)rofession at Norwich, Vt. ; in 1854, he removed to Portage City, Wis., where he was engaged in the practice of his profession most of the time, until early in 1863, he removed lo Apjileton, Wis., to take charge of the lands donated by Congress, to the State, to improve the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers and to connect the same by a canal. This change of residence was made necessary by his appointment as Trustee of the property ; after the Fox and Wiscoosin Rivers improvement, property was sold under a decree of foreclosure. He removed to Chicago, where he resided until a short time subsequent to the great fire of 1871, when he removed to Baraboo, where he has since been engaged in his profession. While a resident of Vermont, he was a member of the Connecticut River Medical Society ; he is a member of the Wisconsin State Medical Society, and a member of the American Medical Association, and also a member of the American Public Health Association. He has always been a decided Republican ; in 1852, he was a delegate from Vermont to the National Convention held at Pittsburgh, Penn., which nominated the late Hon. John P. Hale, of New Hampshire, for President; in 1856, he was a delegate from Wisconsin to the National Convention which nominated Gpu. Fremont for President; in November, 1855, he was elected to the Assembly from the north half of Columbia Co. ; in November, 1856, he was elected to the State Senate for two years, and he was re-elected to the same place in November, 1858; in 1860, he was elected President pro tern, of the Senate ; in 1858, in joint convention of the Legislature, he was elected Regent of the State University for six year.s, and in 1 864, he was re-elected ; on the re-organization of the University he declined the appointment of Regent ; from 1863 to 1870, he was a Trustee of Lawrence University ; while a Regent of the State University, he was mainly instrumental in the passage of a resolution in favor of the co-education of the sexes; in 1862, he was appointed Trustee of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers improvement property, his associates being Hon. Charles Butler and Judge Alexander Spaulding of New York ; in 1862, he was appointed Draft Commissioner for Columbia Co ; in June, 1861, he was commissioned to take charge of the Indians residing in the vicinity of Green Bay ; after more than five years' service, he resigned, as he did not choose to hold ofiice under President Andrew Johnson. While a member of the Legislature, the officers of the Milwaukee & La Crosse Railway Company used nearly a million of dollars of company bonds to secure the passage of bill giving that company the lands granted by Congress to aid in the construction of a railroad from Columbus or Madison, Wis., to Portage and thence northwesterly to the River or Lake St. Croix ; this bill did not secure the construction of the road, although it donated the lands ; Dr. Davis opposed the bill, which passed and was vetoed by the Governor; a new bill was prepared, giving the lands to the same company and securing the construction of the road; in 1858, a joint committee of the Legislature investigated the transactions of the company in using its bonds to control the action of the members of the Legislature ; it was proved that most of the members took bonds, and a very few refused them ; Dr. Davis was numbered among the few ; the officials of the company visited him with their displeasure ; they bought up two of the three Republican papers in the county and tried to defeat him for the Senate ; without notice, or offer of compensation, they entered upon and took possession of his lots and lands in Portage ; the result was a law-suit ; the Doctor got an injunction against the occupancy of his property until it was paid for ; the company refused to obey the order of the court ; after two days' notice, the Doctor took up the track on a part of his land ; the company sent a hundred men to forcibly take possession and relay the track ; the Sheriff arrested about ninety of the railroad men and lodged them in jail; the engines and cars that were run on to the Doctor's land were dumped in the sand, and then the company paid the damages which had been proved in court, and thus this bit of railroad war ended. On the 3d of December, 1846, he married Miss Eunice E. Dana, of Warren, Vt. ; five children have been born in this family - three sons and two daughters ; one son died in infancy ; the eldest daughter is married and settled in Chicago, 111. ; the sons are married and engaged in railway service in Minnesota.

J. A. D1BBI.<E, J. P., was born in Danbury, Conn., May 2, 1842 ; came to Baraboo with bis parents July 16, 1852 ; he is engaged in the boot and shoe trade ; in 1860, was elected Town Treasurer, and, in 1878, Justice of the Peace, to fill an unexpired term, and in 1879 was elected to fill the full tprm. He was married Nov. 22, 1865, to Miss Mary A. Worth ; she was born in Richmondville, N. Y. ; they have four children - Julia C, Mary E., Frank A. and Carrie M. Both he and his wife are members of the M. E. Church, and Squire Dibble, in politics, is a Republican.

D. D. DOANE, dealer in fancy groceries and confectionery, in connection with dining hall ; his bakery is first-class, running up into a line of goods that are seldom found outside of large cities ; meals, lunches and ice-cream served at all hours; also a nice line of picnic goods always on hand. Mr. Doane is a Vermontcr by birth, and has lived in Baraboo since 1856.

JOH\ 1>KA l*EK, one of the firm of Draper Bros., proprietors of meat market, on Third street ; he was born in Welby, near Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, England, Jan. 27, 1827 ; came to America in March, 1856, with his family, and located in Philadelphia for one year ; in 1857, moved to Madison, Wis., and in 1868 moved to Baraboo. He was married July 3, 1846, to Miss Rebecca Stevenson; she was born in Leicestershire, England, March 18, 1827 ; they have two children - Mary C, now Mrs.

Rolla E. Noyes, and John J. H. Mrs. Draper is a member of the Episcopal Church. In politics, Mr. Draper is Independent, and his son, John J. H., is a Democrat.

A. DYKE, telegraph operator for the C. & N. W. R. R. Co. ; born at Nashua, N. H., March 22, 1853, and came to Baraboo, Wis., in 1874. Was married Nov. 26, 1876, to Mi^s Nellie Palmer; she was born in Dane Co., Wis. In politics, Mr. Dyke is a Democrat.

-f AHES DYKIXS was born near Elmira, N. Y , Jan. 1, 1820; served an apprenticeship at carriage-making at Williamsport, Penn., and then returned to New York ; in 184-1, went to Pittsburgh, Penn., and from there to St. Louis; from the latter city he emigrated, in the summer of 1845, to Freeport, 111., where he was married, in 1846, to Eleanor Thatcher; in 1849, he came to Baraboo, and has lived here ever since, engaged in wagon-making. Mr. and Mrs. Dykiiis have four children - John, Charles W., Emma Jane and Eddie J., all living; the eldest sou and the daughter reside in Chicago.

CHARLEi^ W. DYKINS was born in Baraboo July 81, 1851 ; received a common-school education, and commenced learning the printer's trade in 1867 ; established the Sauk Gouiity Republican, in partnership with D. W. K. Noyes, in December, 1879.

CHARLES EBER ; born at Haardt Palatine, Germany, Aug. 1, 1852; came to America April 1, 1870, with his parents ; they stopped in New York City for a few months ; he commenced railroading on the P. & R. R. R. ; then on the P. & E R. R. ; then on the P., C. & St. L. R. R. ; then in 1874, moved to Baraboo, Wis.; went to work on the C. & N. W. R. R., as brakeman ; then to firing up to January, 1879 ; he then took an engine. He was married Nov. 9, 1875, to Miss Barbara Egerer ; they have one child, Anna.

FRAXK EL.DR[I>G}E, telegraph operator for the C. & N. W. R. R. Co. ; be was born at Dupre, Wis., July 7, 1853, and came to Baraboo in 1875. lie was married Jan 14, 1880, to Miss Fannie H. Turner; she was born in Utica, N. Y.

THOMAS T. EXWLISH, farmer; he was bora in Virginia April 28, 1824; came to Sauk Co. in 1852, and moved his family in 1853; since he has been in the county, he has followed farming, merchandising, etc. ; he is one of ;he largest bee-raisers in the State; also one of the stockholders and a Director in the First National Bank at this place; he has .served on the Village Board as Trustee; has been elected Town A.ssessor two terms. He was married, July 27, 1848, to Miss Ann E. Powell ; she was born in Franklin C'^., Va. ; they have four children, viz., Thomas W., John E., Ella V. and Alice M. In politics, Mr. English is a Democrat.

HENRY D. EVANS, flirmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Baraboo ; came to Wisconsin in 1837, arriving at Milwaukee in May ; has been a permanent resident of Baraboo since 1846 ; lived in the village for eight years, where he worked at his trade, carpenter and joiner, when he removed to his present residence; was born Dec. 16, 1818; son of Abitha and Mary (Doty) Evans. Was married, Nov. 30, 1845, to Miss Bridget H. McBride; Mrs. E. died April 6, 1874 ; has two children - Abitha (deceased), Izro, now Mrs. T. VV. English ; has been Supervisor and Clerk of School Board.

THOMAS FERRIS, i)r(>prietor paint-shop, over GoUmar's blacksmith-shop; he was born in England Sept. 11, 1829 ; came tu America and to Baraboo, Wis., June, 1852. He was married March 12, 1852, to Miss Patience Stubbs ; she died March, 1872; they had three children, viz., Sarah, now married to H. Hurlbert; Lorenzo J.; Nelson R. Mr. Ferris was married, the secctnd time, Dec. 5, i8W. to Miss Cornelia M. Munroe; she was born in Madison Co., N. Y. In politics, Mr. Ferris is a Republican.

ANTON FISCHER, retired ; was born in Germany Nov. 5, 1833 ; came to America and to Sauk City November, 1851, and learned the tinner's trade, and was there till I8(jl, when he enlisted in Co. D, 9th W. Y. I., and was promoted to Lieutenant; was mustered out December. 1864; he was elected County Clerk in 1866, and served ten years in that nfficc. He was married, May 29, 1870, to Miss Lucy Pold ; she was born in the State of Wisconsin. . In politics, Mr. Fi.sher is a Republican.

A. F. FISHER, druggist, on Oak street east of the court hou.se ; was born in Sauk Co., Wis., May 10, 1857, and came to Baraboo, 1875 ; he was employed by Mr. Bacon, in the drug business, and in the fall of 1878, he fought the business out and moved into his present store Jan. 10, 1880.

OTHO <tIERLAF<wH, farmer, Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Baraboo; son of Adam and Catherine ( Haines) Gerlaugh; came to Wisconsin in 1846, and remained una year, when he returned to Ohiit; again in 1.S53, he came to Wisconsin, and located in Freedom, now Excelsior, Sauk Co. ; purcha.sed land when; he now resides, in 1867, but did not locate on it himself until April, 1878 ; he owns 143 acres of land and one house and lot in the village of Baraboo ; born Aug. 28, 1812, at Beaver Creek, Greene Co., Ohio. Married Ellen Kirkpatrick, daughter of Samuel and Mrs. Kirkpatrick, June 10, 1840, in Ohio; had two children - an infant died unnamed, and Franklin, aged 19, was killed in the army. Franklin, son cf Mr. Gerlaugh, enlisted April 1, 1861, in Co. A, (Jth W. V. I., when but 18 years of age, and was killed at the brtttle of Antietam Sept. 17, 1862 ; participated in the battles of Gaine.sville, South MoMntain, and other battles enjraged in by his company. Mr. Gerlaugh's first wife died in 1847 ; married again to Harriett Chapman, daughter of William and Body (Culver) Chapman ; had three children, all of whom died ; names of children were Eleanor, Corwin C. and Julia E. May 6, 1850, Mr. Gerlaugh started from Ohio on an overland trip to California, in search of gold; the trip was made in four months; he returned Dec. 25, 1851. In reliiiion, Mr. and Mrs. Gerlaugh ai-e very liberal Free Congregationalists.

(jtEORCjtE B. CrIBBOIVS, carpenter, contractor and builder; was born in Kent Co., England, Feb. 20, 1828; came to America in 1832 with his parents; they located in Madison Co., N. Y. ; came to Racine, Wis., May 9, 1845, and to Baraboo in April, 1850; he enlisted on Dec. 19, 1861, in Co. A, 1 9th W. V. I., and was promoted to Commissary Sergeant; was discharged Aug. 29, 1862, on account of disability ; then enlisted in 3d U. S. Cavalry, February, 1863, and was discharged Sept. 9, 1865, on account of disability. He has served as Under Sheriff for two years and Constable about twelve years. He was married, March 29, 1862, to Miss Mary Pointon ; she was born in Stafiordshire, England ; they have six children - Lavina G., Francila, Philip H., Charles L., Ida and George P. In politics, Mr. Gibbons is a Democrat.

JOSEPH. GtILIjIA]?!, dealer in flour and feed. Bridge street; was born May 7, 1826 at Livingston, N. Y. State; moved to Mercer Co., Penn., with his parents; resided there till he was married, April 20, 1847, to Miss Jane Hulby; she was born in Mercer Co.. Penn., in 1851 ; he moved with his family to Omro, Wis.; was there one year, and his wife died, leaving two children, viz., George and Lauretta; he then returned to Greenville, Penn. Was married a second time, Oct. 30, 1852, to Miss Isadore Sterns; she was born in Sheridan, Chautauqua Co., N. Y. ; they have four children - Phebe F. (deceased), Clara E., Addie K. and Fraak. Mr. Gilliam cam^i to Baraboo in 1854. In politics, he is a Republican.

(jr. O. (wOIiLMAR, of the firm of Gollmar & Son, manuflicturers of wagons and carriages, and general repairing ; he was born in Germany Dec. 12, 1823; came to America with his parents in 1830, and located in Ohio; removed to Baraboo in 1851. He was married Nov. 25, 1846, to Miss Mary Julian; she was born in France; they have had thirteen children - Sarah (deceased), Jacob C, George J., Caroline L., Ed, AVilliam H., Lillie M., Ch>irles A., Benjamin F., Fannie, Sarah (deceased), Frederick C. and Arthur H. In politics, Mr. Gollmar is Independent.

R. B. CrRIOCwS, of the firm of Jones & Griggs, dealers in ready-made clothing and gents' furnishing goods. Third street, west of the post office ; he was born in Lake Co., 111., Aug. 30, 1848 ; he came to Baraboo June 5, 1874. He was married, Oct. 11, 1877, to Miss Addie F. Williams; she was born in the State of Maine. Mr. Griggs, in politics, is a Republican.

WIIiLIAM S. GRl^BB. The subject of this sketch was born at Wilmington, Del., Feb. 8, 1833; came from there to Wisconsin in the spring of 1851, and located at 3Iadison ; took up a large tract of land at tlio west end of Mendota Lake, about one thousand acres, and improved the property to the extent of $30,000 ; he resided eight years on his forms, and in Madison until the fall of 1866 ; was at Sauk City in 1856 and 1857, and laid out a large addition there; platted what was known as Turner & Grubb's Addition. Married, at Sauk City, Dec. 12, 1856 ; his wife was born at Utica, Oneida Co., N. Y. ; they have one daughter living, Lizzie S., born near MadLson, Dane Co., Wis. Augustine Grubb, the first of his family to come to America, came with William I'enn. The daughter of Augustine Grubb was the first child born of Quaker parentage in Pennsylvania. The Penns were cousins of the Grubb family. Joseph C. Grubb, an uncle of William S. Grubb, was one of the oldest merchants of Philadelphia. William S. was commissioned by Gov. Randall as General of the Second Wisconsin Brigade, and was also appointed to the same position by Gov. Bashford. Mr. G. is at present Mayor of Baraboo. For the last ten years he has dealt extensively in hops, being now one of the largest dealers in that product in Wisconsin.

WILLIAM S. HARSEIM , Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Baraboo; was born>t Winchester, V a., Nov. 11, 1845, son of Augusta and Joliannah Uarseim ; his father moved to Wisconsin when he was 2 years old, stopping at Milwaukee for six years, when he removed with his family to North Freedom, Sauk Co. ; Mr. H. remained with his parents until Oct. 4, 1864, when he enlisted in Co. A, 19th W. V. I., and served his country until Aug. 9, 1865 ; his regiment raised the first flag in Richmond after the surrender.

Source changes here: from A Standard History of Sauk County, Wisconsin, by Cole, Harry Ellsworth, published 1918; 17,744 words in this source stream.

Baraboo City

Original Plat op Adams - Baraboo Platted - Brooklyn and Baraboo - Early Postmasters -Postmistress Lucy F. Perkins - The Baraboo Whisky War - The Rivkr on a Rampagf - VnAAflB Additions - Vttj.agii: Qovrrn MENT - Municipal Officers and Finances - The First School and Teacher - Union Village School - Select Private Schools - New Union School - Free High School Organized - Principal School Officials - The Present High School - The Ward Schooi^s - -The Postoffice to the Present - Baraboo Free Public Library - Municipal Departments and Utilities - The Press of Baraboo - The Churches of Baraboo - The First M. E., First Baptist, Congregational, First Presbyterian, German M. E.. Trinity Episcopal, St. Joseph's Roman Catholic, Evangelical Lutheran (St. John's), German Evangelical and Christian Science Churches - Societies and Lodges - The Masonic Bodies in Baraboo - The Odd Fellows - Other Secret and BEwrcvnTJtKT Societies - The Patriotic Organizations - Social, Literary and Reformatory - The Civir Tjeaottb - The Band - Charitable and Relief Institutions - Financial, Industrial and Business Interests - 1! \k uion Commercial Association - The Uin^li.m;

Original Plat of Adams - Baraboo Platted - Brooklyn and Baraboo - Early Postmasters - Postmistress Lucy F. Perkins - The Baraboo Whisky War - The River on a Rampage - Village Additions- Village Government - Municipal Officers and Finances - The First School and Teacher - Union Village School - Select Private Schools - New Union School - Free High School Organized - Principal School Officials - The Present High School - The Ward Schools - The Postoffice to the Present - Baraboo Free Public Library - Municipal Departments and Utilities - The Press of Baraboo - The Churches of Baraboo - The First M. E., First Baptist, Congregational, First Presbyterian, German M. E., Trinity Episcopal, St. Joseph's Roman Catholic, Evangelical Lutheran (St. John's), German Evangelical and Christian Science Churches - Societies and Lodges - The Masonic Bodies in Baraboo - The Odd Feijxjws - Other Secret and Benevolent Socman - The Patriotic Organizations - Social, Literary and Reformatory - The Civic League - The Band - Charitable and Relief Institutions - Financial, Industrial and Business Interests - Baraboo Commercial Association - The Ringling Brothers.

The founding of the settlement at the Baraboo Rapids by Eben Peck, Wallace Rowan, Abram Wood, James Van Slyke and others, from 1839 to 1846, eventuated in such an industrial center as to give it the name of the Baraboo Mills. Attention was naturally drawn to the locality as a more desirable site for the county seat than Prairie du Sac in the eastern border of the territory to be accommodated. As noted, in the winter of 1845-46 the Territorial Legislature was petitioned to re-establish the seat of justice by a vote of the people, and the election which resulted moved the county seat to the Baraboo Rapids. The county board then appointed twelve commissioners to designate the exact point on the Rapids. The latter next arranged with the school district for the southeast quarter of section 35, town 12 north, range 6 east, which had been previously claimed by the educational authorities.

being no funds in the public treasury for that purpose, and subsequently deeded it to the county. Mr. Brigham was elected the first register of deeds after the county seat was relocated. He was enterprising and popular.

The county commissioners platted the quarter section named into a village, the professional work being done by Charles 0. Baxter, county surveyor. He was a great admirer of John Quincy Adams and the plat, which was recorded in April, 1847, bore the name of Adams. In his field notes, the original Village of Adams is thus described: "Commencing at the northwest corner of the southeast quarter of Section 35, Town 12, Range 6 ; thence east forty chains to the quarter post between Sections 35 and 36; thence south thirty-nine chains sixty-four links to the section corner on the town line ; thence west on said line thirty-one chains fifty links to the Baraboo river ; thence north forty-one and west four chains; thence north seventy-eight and west six and eight one hundredths chains to an open line through Section 35; thence north thirty-five chains fifty-five links to the place of beginning - the plat covering the southeast quarter of Section 35, Township 12, Range 6, except a small fraction on the south side of the river."

About this time George Brown caused a survey to be made of his property, the greater portion of which lay on the south side of the river. He called his plat Baraboo, which is technically described as follows: 4 ' Commencing at the northeast corner of Section 2, Town 11, Range 6 ; thence south six chains thirty links to the Baraboo river (eight chains fifty-eight links to the south bank of the river) ; thence south twenty-two chains seventy-five links; thence west twenty chains; thence north thirteen chains; thence east twenty chains to the east line one chain seventeen links south of the river - the plat covering forty acres, a strip equal to about thirty lots lying along the south side of the river being reserved for private use" by Mr. Brown for mill and other purposes. The plat extended north of the river to the extent of thirty-four lots, 62 by 132 feet in size.

On the 14th of January, 1849, the board of county commissioners ordered that the village plats of Adams and Baraboo be consolidated under the name of Brooklyn. They continued, however, to be separate bodies until May, 1866, when the two communities were united under the village charter of Baraboo, although the name of Adams had been dropped as early as 1852, at the suggestion of the postal authorities, and all mail was sent accordingly.

In the meantime the "old box" of a courthouse and the sham wooden jail had been built, the former on the north side of Fourth Street, facing the square. The courthouse was built by Edward Sumner and completed in April, 1848. The year before Dr. Seth P. Angle had been appointed first postmaster of Adams, with an office on Water Street. The postmaster also was interested in a drug store on the north side of the courthouse square. Eber Z. Crandall succeeded Doctor Angle in July, 1848 ; Benjamin L. Purdy assumed the position in June, 1849, and held over the year 1852, when the villages on both sides of the river took the name of Baraboo in the postal guide.

Lucy F. Perkins, the only woman to occupy the office, was appointed in May, 1853, and bravely conducted its affairs, in the midst of distressing private complications, in what afterward became known as the "old Perkins home," just east of the present high school building on Second Street.

The following by her son, ex-Congressman George D. Perkins, goes into some touching details: "Lucy Forsyth Perkins was Baraboo 's postmaster under the administration of President Pierce. Following the election in 1852 certain friends of my father interested themselves in my mother's behalf and their success was to her like manna from heaven. There are old citizens of Baraboo who remember her and her painstaking and faithful service. I understand that the home where wo lived and where the office was, midway between Under the Hill and the Court House district, is still standing. There it was she kept her own house and postoffice.

"In 1849 our family removed to Baraboo from Milwaukee, which had been our home for two years. Prior to that we had been broken up to make a vain search for my father's better health. He opened a law office in Baraboo and was for a time justice of the peace, but his ailment grew upon him and on the 13th of September, 1851, at my uncle's home in Milwaukee, where he was interrupted in a journey, he died. At that time there was my mother and four children, the oldest being Henry, who was fifteen. The railroad from Milwaukee extended as far as Waukesha. When my mother got back to Baraboo, after the funeral, she had a little household furniture and just one dollar in money. I had preceded her, coming out with a teamster on a high load of merchandise, and the trip occupied ten days. I had earned fifty cents and this was added to my mother's capital. She prepared to take boarders, and she began with one boarder, Dr. Alexander. It was a great campaign she started upon, the campaign to keep her little family together, and to give her girls and boys such opportunities as the little town afforded. She was never deserted by her courage.

"The Baraboo postoflBce when I first knew it was nearly opposite where Mrs. Col. Noyes now lives. B. L. Purdy, who recently died at Fairbury, Neb., was postmaster. My brother Ilenry was in his service at the time of my fathers death. He afterwards took an apprenticeship in the home printing office. With John W. Blake he leased the Republic, established by Colonel Noyes, and later he became part owner with A. N. Kellogg. He sold his interest to Mr. Kellogg and he and I came to Iowa. We got out the first number of the Cedar Falls Gazette in March, 1860, and in the course of a few months my mother and two sisters joined us in the new home. In 1869 I came to Sioux City and it was here my mother died, April 26, 1898, as she was approaching the 86th year of her age. To the last of her life she remembered with tender affection the old friends of Baraboo.

"Speaking for myself it is almost* needless to say that there can never be another place to me like Baraboo. I knew every nook and corner of it, and nearly every stone on the precipitous banks of Devil 's Lake. It Tvas the home of my active boyhood. I was near my 20th year when I left to engage in the serious undertaking of starting in business for myself. We used to have good times in those old hard times. We had sleighing, as you have now; we had spelling matches, as you may not have now ; we had fishing, better than you have now, and we had our swimming holes and the waters from the dams. I knew every dog and animal thereabouts; and it is still a delight to say 1 knew some of the girls. You would not like the old Baraboo, I cannot help liking it, and the picture of it, as a photograph, will not leave me while I have a memory."

After her time and previous to the assumption of a corporate body by the Village of Baraboo, the following served as postmasters : James H. Wells, Truman J. Wood and Samuel Hartley.

It was Mr. Hartley who erected the frame building which afterward was occupied by the Republic newspaper, but fitted up by the new postmaster for the accommodation of the villagers when he was inducted into office in 1861. He placed in the postoffice 472 boxes and 76 drawers, which gave Baraboo quite a metropolitan standing. Mr. Hartley also had the honor of holding the post mastership after the village incorporation.

in the invasion of the Brick Tavern by the women of the town and surrounding country, whose indignation had been aroused by the death of a hard drinker at its bar and the consequent suffering of the family. The ladies were egged on doubtless by the Methodist minister and other citizens and flooded the floor of the saloon with its liquid stock. They were arrested about a week later - that is, the ringleaders in the crusade - were taken to Lower Sauk before a German justice of the peace, who held them for trial in the Circuit Court. The offenders were released on their own recognizance, and at the next term of court Judge Wheeler assessed the total damages at $150, which was immediately paid by the husbands and other male sympathizers of the raid. Which ended the Baraboo whisky war.

On the night of March 14, 1859, the Baraboo River, greatly swollen by the spring rains and melting snows, burst through the north wing of the boom just above Bassett & Pratt's dam, carrying down a large drive of logs with great force against the upper dam timbers, which gave way. This increased the flow of water in that direction and hurried thither hundreds of other logs which, like so many battering rams, soon beat a large hole in the dam and, within thirty minutes' time, a torrent of water four feet in depth poured through the chasm. As it poured through the opening, the flood struck the bank just above the flour mill and rapidly undermined it. The flour was finally moved to neighboring buildings, and parties were sent off to fell trees, which were placed in the pathway of the oncoming torrent where the bank was weakest. Notwithstanding this prompt defense, about one-third of the dam was swept away, as well as a considerable section of the Lower, or Maxwell Dam.

The first addition to the original village plat was entitled Mrs. Peck's First Addition, and was recorded June 15, 1849. The others, in succession, made until city incorporation was effected in 1882, were as follows: Wallace's Addition, August 9, 1849; Mrs. Peck's Second Addition, July, 1855; English's Addition, November, 1856; Moore & Drown 's Addition, April, 1860; Thomas' Addition, May, 1873; Camp's Addition, September, 1873; Brown's Addition, October, 1873; Langdon's Addition, July, 1874.

The accompanying illustration is of the Baraboo river and the manufacturing industries of Baraboo about 1866. The picture wan taken by Mathew Mould, a pioneer photographer. The lnrge building to the left iB the P. A. Bassett flour mill; the one across the river to the right, the John Seaborn huh and spoke factory; the one in the distance near the end of the bridge, the Bassett heading factory; the structure just to the right, the P. Pratt saw mill; the two on the side of the hill, up from tho bridge, the Baraboo House and Bender's brewery; and on the cleared space far beyond the bridge, the H. H. Potter hop yard.

and the south half of the northeast quarter of section 36, township 12, north, range 6 east, and the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 1 and the north half of the northeast quarter of section 2, township 11 north, range 6 east The village charter also provided that the first election for officers should be held on the second Monday in April, 1866, "in case this act shall take effect on or previous to that date, or in case no election shall be held on that day, then such first election of officers may be ordered and appointed by any ten freehold voters."

The first record of any election, under the act of incorporation, is dated April 2, 1867, when the voters within the village limits assembled at the courthouse and cast their ballots (104) for members of the first board of trustees and police justice. The following were chosen : S. If. Burdick, president and police justice; B. P. Mills, A. Andrews, T. D. Lang, J. R. Hall, B. L. Purdy and C. C. Remington, other members of the board.

The first meeting of the board thus elected was held April 5th, three days following, and all, with the exception of Judge Remington, took the oath of office, C. A. Sumner being appointed in that gentleman's place. The appointive offices, under the charter, were then filled - clerk, John Barker; attorney, C. C. Remington; treasurer, R. M. Strong; constable, Frank Fletcher; attorney, W. II. Clark; surveyor, W. H. Canfield ; fire warden, M. C Waite, and poundmaster, James Goodwin.

Succeeding Mr. Barker as clerk were Anton Fischer, who served continuously until 1872; Phillip Cheek, Jr., who was in office until 1879, when Rolla E. Xoyes was appointed. R. M. Strong, Mair Pointon, J. J. Gattiker, T. D. Lang, Fred Johnson, L. O. Holmes, M. Hoffman and E. O. Holden were village treasurers at various times, and W. H. Clark, C. C. Remington and John Barker, seemed to have a monopoly on the position of attorney of the village board.

The City of Baraboo was incorporated by Chapter 21, Laws of 1882, and under act approved on February 25th of that year. The first meeting of the common council was held March 28, 1882.

report of the Finance Committee of the City Council in its report for the period from July 1. 1915, to December 31, 1916, inclusive. The balanee on hand at the former date was $27,761.25; net amount of city tax roll for 1915, $99,495.86; total of balance on hand and receipts for the" entire period, $192,004.28. The total disbursements, or expenses of operating the city government, for the eighteen months, were $181,155.68, and the balance on band December 31, 1916, $10,848.60.

When a few families had gathered at and near Baraboo Mills agitation commenced for a school and teacher. Ehen Peek had met one E. M. Hart, a Massachusetts man, at Prairie du Sac, and still kept him in mind when the little colony at the Rapids demanded a school among other modem improvements. Finally a meeting was held June 22, 1844, at which Wallace Rowan, Lewis Bronson and William H. Cantield were appointed a committee to select a district school site. They selected tbe high point of ground a short distance west of the Wood & Rowan Mill, but the site was changed at the suggestion of Mr. Peek, who proposed that the district should claim the southeast quarter of section 35, town 12 north, range 6 east, to be entered and afterward sold, when deemed financially advisable for the support, of neighborhood schools. A log building was therefore erected near the northwest corner of the quarter. Notwithstanding the abundance of timber in the vicinity, it is said that it was put up on the most economical plan. But it was so well ventilated that one of the old settlers who attended school therein asserts that "you could throw a cat through the cracks without touching a hair."

Even before tbe district school was built Mr. Hart had tried his hand and head on the young people of the neighborhood, at the behest of Mr. Peck and the villagers. O. L. Stinson tells the story so well, both as to the school and the teacher, that the writer will not attempt to improve upon his version. Here it is: "Since no records exist concerning the school days of Baraboo 's early life, outside of the brief and valuable outlines made by William H. Canfield, who was one of the very first to settle in the Baraboo valley, a glamour of uncertainty, mingled more or less with romance, is naturally shed around the accounts handed down from the adventuresome days of 50 and 60 years ago. Not many are now living who saw the erection of the log school house on Seventh avenue in 1844, when E. M. Hart taught the first school in Baraboo. Even among these, accounts differ as to the details of its construction and its exact location. There is no question, however, concerning the general spirit of the times, the ever present and all too prevalent weaknesses of human nature, the admirable courage and sacrifice of certain individuals, and the gradual supremacy finally of principles, which place the founders and promoters of the Gem City historically in the same class with those who have accomplished results more ostentatious in character. Almost from the beginning, and continuously from 1844 to the present day, have there been ample opportunities in one form or another for the young people to obtain exceptionally good training, far exceeding indeed that procurable in the average town of the same size at the same time. Because all of the select schools and colleges finally went out of existence, does not argue that their importance was small. Because no college like that of Beloit or Lawrence university remains to the present day, does not indicate a failure on the part of the schools which existed in Baraboo merely for a time. It isn't so much what a community has to show from the many years of its historic struggles that counts in the final summing up. It is the attitude of the various progressive individuals, no matter what they may accomplish, which is the determining factor.

"Before a school district was organized, Eben Peck met E. M. Hart in Prairie du Sac and induced him to come to Baraboo and teach a private school. This was in 1843 and the school was taught, it is said, in an old log building, which had been standing from the very beginning of Baraboo. Mr. Solomon Shaffer was the name of the man living in the building previous to its use as a school. (Mr. Shaffer's wife was a sister of the first Dr. Cowles of Baraboo.)

"On June 22, 1844, a school meeting was held and a committee composed of Lewis Bronson, Wallace Rowan and William H. Canfield was appointed to select a site for a district school house. The high point of ground a short distance west of the Wood & Rowan mill was chosen. At the suggestion of Eben Peck the location was changed to the southeast quarter of section 35, town 12 north, range 3 east, on the northwest corner of which the log structure was built. This building stood there many years after its services as a school house were ended, on Seventh avenue, slightly east from the corner of Birch street and Seventh avenue on the south side of the street facing the north, and was used for a dwelling, having been encased with boards. Until 1849 this building was used as a court room, town hall and general meeting house, as well as a school house.

"The logs of the building were left in the rough and the roof was made from slabs taken from Levi Moore's mill. The (jracks were filled with battin. The size was about 12 by 14. The credit of its construction was shared by several, among whom were John Crawford, Wallace Rowan, James IT. Webster, and David Reynolds.

"A small blackboard, about 5 by 21 -> feet made by James H. Webster, was put up in the room. The furnishings were mainly benches. The teacher even had no desk. These benches were made from slabs, sawed on one side, roujjh bark on the other, taken from Levi Moore's mill, and they were arranged along the side of the room in a haphazard manner. The supports at. the ends of the benches were split from slabs and two

"E. M. Hart, the first teacher came from Massachusetts. The subjects the first year were reading, writing and spelling, together with extensive efforts in elocution. The next year grammar and arithmetic were added to the course of study. The books were anything and everything which pertained to the subjects studied. 'Exceedingly fortunate was the pupil who could get any at all,' says David Reynolds, one of the first pupils.

"Among the pupils of the first school were: Arminta, John, Robert and Archibald Rowan; Julia and Henry Johnson; Eveline, Sophronia, Sam (a little deranged), Orin and Parmelia Gilson; Margaret and Hannah Wood; Victoria and Victor Peck; Henrietta and Mary Ann Webster; David Reynolds; Caroline and Cornelia Hill.

"Excepting those who lived at a distance, they brought their dinners. The games, ball, tag, ante-over, pom-pom-pullaway and ring-around-rosie and others, were played by the children.

"About once a week recitations were held. David Reynolds recollects that of one of the biggest boys, John Rowan, who appeared on the floor in front of the school, and spoke:

' ' Occasionally a dance was held for the young people. One of these occurred at the home of the Gilson 's, the parents of the teacher's wife. Louis Bunson often did the fiddling.

"Some rather unsavory reports floated about concerning the life of Mr. Hart previous to his sojourn in Baraboo. It was said that he had different names in different places. The accounts of him after leaving Baraboo are certainly not creditable. His school work seems to have been fair, although one of his pupils said that he 'wasn't extra smart.' He had 'fine manners.' was a good penman and an excellent reader. His salary was paid in the old fashioned way and consisted of what the people gave him, amounting perhaps to some $25 per month. School was held during the winter, about three months. The rest of the time he did not do much of anything.

"Mr. Hart was a bachelor and not very young. He became enamored of one of his pupils, Eveline Gilson, a very popular girl only fourteen years of age, and married her. This was the first white man's wedding in the Baraboo valley, according to Mr. Canfield. The match was a very unfortunate one for many reasons: not the least of which was the dis- erepaney in their ages. An incident which occurred while they were living in the lean-to of the Shaffer sehoolhouse indicates very well their unpleasant relations. When the lean-to had heen built onto the sehoolhouse for the teacher and his young wife, the window between was boarded up. A knot-hole remained, however, and this was pasted over with paper. At times the teacher noticed considerable amusement amongst his pupils. Paper wads were appearing in the air and he was unable to locate the miscreant ; for no one in the room seemed to know anything about it. He finally discovered that they came from the knothole in the partition and went to interview his wife about it. An angry noise of quick words was heard by the pupils; but without much avail, for the teacher found his pupil-wife more difficult to manage than the whole school. Very sad, however, is the final story of this couple.

"Three children were born to them during their residence in Baraboo. After the few years teaching they departed and were not heard of for two or three years, when her parents got track of her. She was found alone on an island with one little girl. Hart had taken the two older children and left his wife alone to die. She was rescued only temporarily, however, and died soon after. Her little girl was adopted by her sister. It was intimated that Mr. Hart was in disguise, hiding in Baraboo at the time.

"Mrs. Q. W. Walker of Lyndon Station, one of the first pupils, says: 'Mr. Hart taught in Baraboo one year, nearly, and next at Sauk. He then returned to Baraboo and taught about two years. Among his pupils were many who were quite old. After he returned from Sauk he taught on the South Side where a rude slab building was put up for him by a "bee" organized by the people. It had a door in the north side and one long window in the south side, about the height of three panes of window glass. This window ran the whole length of the south side of the house. In front of this window was a bench and in front of the bench a long table. This long bench and long table, it seems, had to accommodate nearly all of the school, about thirty pupils (a large school for those days). During the winter period one or two small tables and benches were added as temporary affairs.'

"Hart is described by WT. II. Canfield as being 'medium in height, of light complexion, and nervous temperament, his education being very good.' He relates an incident of Baraboo 's first teacher as follows: ' E. M. Hart was not accustomed to dugout boats and once met his Waterloo while in Baraboo. On one oceasion he attempted to cross the Baraboo river just above the Maxwell dam, and losing control of the craft went over. He got very wet. ' "

"The village increased in population very rapidly for a few years and school requirements equally fast," says Mr. Canfield in one of his sketches.

"When towns were organized in the change from territorial to state government it became necessary to reorganize the school districts. In 1849-50, the village then containing about six hundred inhabitants, a spirited contest sprung up between the advocates of a Union School district for the village and those who wished to divide the territory into three or four districts. After holding several meetings the advocates of a Union district prevailed, and in 1850 a two-story frame building thirty five feet square was erected on Block 38, North Side. ' '

Before the organization of a public high school in 1877 several institutions of higher learning were established and maintained in Baraboo. In 1854 Rev. Warren Cochran opened a school in the Congregational Church which was afterward transferred to one of the Taylor building* on the corner of Broadway and Third Street. A two-story wooden building was erected on a height a little west of the original town, and a school was opened with a view of laying the foundation for an undenominational college. Professor Pillsbury of New York succeeded Mr. Cochran and the school was finally chartered as the Baraboo Collegiate Institute. That was March 23, 1863, and its incorporators were: D. P. Crandall, Herbert Huntington, Terrell Thomas, C. A. Clark, C. C. Cowles and B. Martin. The institute had been formally opened in the fall of 1858 by Mr. Cochran, as principal, and Miss Almira B. Savage as preceptress. The latter was a Vermont woman of education and refinement and is often given credit for starting the original school which developed into the Collegiate Institute. Among those most prominent in its management previous to its incorporation were D. P. Crandall, its first president; E. Martin, vice president: Dr. C. C. Cowles, secretary, and Herbert Huntington, treasurer.

Professor Pillsbury, of New York, succeeded Mr. Cochran in charge of the school, and in 1861 left it for Mineral Point, Wisconsin, to reor ganize the seminary in that place. He was followed by Professor E. E. P. Hobart, a graduate of Beloit College, who, with his wife, conducted a successful school for several years. Upon their retirement Professor J. S. Kimball, of Keokuk, Iowa, assumed the prineipalship and continued thus until the new graded public school was opened in 1870. A subsequent review of the operations and influences of the Baraboo Collegiate Institute, largely within the past few years, made by those who onee attended it as students, leads to the belief that no personality has so fondly and deeply impressed itself on the intelligent community of those days as that of Miss Savage, who, for several periods, had sole charge of the school.

In 1854 Miss Maria Train also opened a school of a select character, conducted it with ability for about two years, and then became Mrs. C. C. Remington.

In 1856 a move was made to establish a school for girls of a high order, which resulted in the chartering by the legislature of the Baraboo Female Seminary. Miss Mary A. Potter was the principal; Lucy A. Underwood aud Mrs. Jane Gregg, assistants. In 1859 Miss Mary Mortimer became the principal, with Susan Warner as associate and an increased corps of teachers. Miss Mortimer continued in charge for six years and among those associated with the school about this time were Miss Minerva Brace, Miss Julia Pierce, Miss Ellen Curtis, Miss Eva Collins, Miss Mann, Miss Helena Zastrow von Kussow and Miss Augusta Camp, the last being at the head of the musical instruction.

The successors of Miss Mortimer were Rev. H. H. Kellogg and his assistants, several being members of his own family. The semiuary was a Presbyterian denominational school at its organization and although all were admitted alike that feature was no doubt somewhat of a drawback to its broad expansion. P. A. Bassett was a pillar of the institution and when the time came he could not give it needed support, the dissolution, as the result of this and other causes, came. The seminary buildings, northeast corner of Oak and Sixth streets, became personal property and were sold to the Episcopalians for a church and rectory. About the time of the transfer they were occupied by Miss Bevelyn A. Bassett and Miss Ellen Robinson, the two conducting a private school there.

Miss M. M. Xethaway, Kose P. Thrall and Grace Grossman also opened private schools for youths, misses and even infants, but they were all discontinued about the time the public schools became graded and thoroughly systematized, in 1870.

lu the last year of the Civil war, when it became apparent that the citizens of Baraboo would be permitted to devote more of their time to domestic affairs, it became evident that the needs of the Union school building erected in 1850 had been far outgrown. Again arose the discussion as to the division of the district, but unionism prevailed.

Two different sites were selected and purchased for the new Union School, but were both abandoned, and a third bought on block 38, a little south of the business district of Baraboo. Excavations for the foundation of the larger and better building were begun in April, 1869, and in October, 1870, it was completed at a cost of $33,000. It had a seating capacity for about 870 pupils. About 600 pupils were enrolled in the district at the time the school was opened.

In April, 1877, the School Board of District No. . 7, comprising James H. Ilalsted, II. Cowles and T. D. Lang, accepted from the State Commission of School and University Lands a loan of $8,000, and thereby felt justified in organizing a free high school in the following August. At this time the high school department was organized although the schools were not thoroughly systematized until the incorporation of the city in 1882. During that period Prof. Isaac A. Sabin and Prof. William A. Willis, head of the school, were the leading laborers in the initial work of "licking the system into shape." The latter was retained as superintendent when it came under control of a separate board of education.

A complete list of superintendents and principals (of the high school) follows W. A. Willis, superintendent and principal, July, 1882, to July, 1884: C. W. Cabeen, principal. July. 1884, to July, 1886; P. Pinch, superintendent, July, 1884, to November 1, 1885 (resigned) ; Herman Crotophorst, superintendent. November 1, 1885, to July, 1886; W. J. Brier, superintendent and principal, July 1, 1886, to July 1, 1889; L. II. Clark, superintendent and principal. July 1, 1889, to September 7, 1891 (resigned) ; E. C. Wiswall, superintendent and principal, September 7. 1801, to July, 1894; J. E. XeCoUins. superintendent and principal.

July, 1894, to July, 1899; II. A. Whipple, superintendent and principal, July, 1899, to July, 1903; G. W. Gehrand, superintendent and principal, July, 1903, to July, 1908; 11. R. Chamberlain, superintendent and principal, July, 1908, to July, 1910; A. 0. Kingsford, superintendent and principal, July, 1910 - . /

At the time the old high school was constructed, with its assembly hall in the third story, it was considered quite an imposing and most creditable public building. But, with the growth of the city and the elevation of public sentiment and requirements, it was finally held up as an "eye-sore," a "fire trap," and all that and more. In February, 1906, a defective flue caused a fire which burned out the vitals of the old building and hard wind blew down a large portion of its west wall ; so that there was a unanimous sentiment in favor of erecting a large, tasteful, safe and sanitary high school building. In September, of the following year, the work had been completed which had brought to fruition a large public enterprise and added to the city buildings one which was really an imposing ornament, as well as practically adapted to every requirement.

The new high school stood on the site of the old, corner of Second and Oak streets, a massive 3-story building of red brick, 164 by 128 feet on the ground, trimmed with stone and galvanized iron. A large annex, built about six years previously, also was on the school grounds, still utilized for the overflow - the seventh and eighth grades.

The inside of the high school proper is of red birch, with the exception of the assembly hall, which is of oak. The main entrances of the building are from the north, south and west. The heating plant and the wood -working room of the manual training department are in the basement. Drinking fountains, modern toilet arrangements, electric lights, a complete modern combination system of heating and ventilating, a gymnasium, physical and chemical laboratories, large and elegant administrative offices and pleasant and convenient recitation rooms, are a few of the features which give the Baraboo High School standing among the best institutions of the kind in the state. All at a cost of about $£0,000; to which sum a very material addition would have to be

Outside of the high school and the annex, there are three public sehooh in Baraboo. The first ward building, a 2-story red brick, corner of Sixth Avenue and Angle Street, was erected in 1885; the second ward house, corner of Fifth Street and Barker, built of the same material in 1890, and the third ward schoolhouse. corner of Elm and Grove, erected in 1892.

The total enrollment of the pupils in the public schools of Baraboo is 900. They are instructed by about forty teachers, of whom thirteen are in the high school, four in the annex, and six in each of the ward schools. There are 130 in St. Joseph's (Catholic) School.

Dr. Seth P. Angle was the first postmaster in Baraboo, the office being in a rude building on Water Street, "under the hill." Doctor Angle is buried near the entrance in the Baraboo Cemetery and his monument may be seen set at an angle. The complete list of Baraboo postmasters, with the dates of their commissions, include the following: Dr. Seth P. Angle, March 8, 1847 ; Eber Z. Crandall, July 11, 1848 ; Benjamin L. Purdy, June 28, 1849 ; Mrs. Lucy F. Perkins, May 3, 1853 ; James II. Wells, February 21, 1857 ; Truman J. Wood, March 3, 1858 ; Samuel Hartley, April 19, 1861 ; David K. Noyes, May 7, 1867 ; David E. Welch, January 16, 1884 ; Mathew H. Mould, November 2, 1885 ; David E. Welch, second appointment, March 7, 1890; Ransom Jackson, March 15, 1894; Arthur P. Cheek, September 17, 1898; Frank E. Shults, August 12, 1911, and Alger C. Pearson, July 10, 1916.

The postoffice was located in various temporary places, more often on Oak Street than elsewhere, before a permanent building was erected by the general Government on that thoroughfare just west of the high school. The main entrance ia on Second Street. From the time the bill was introduced by Congressman J. W. Babcock until the building was accepted from the contractors in January, 1906, covered a period of four years. Its cost was $45,000; it is built of red brick, Bedford stone, granite and terra cotta, is about fifty-six feet square, and is well furnished and appointed.

The organization of the library dates from September 27, 1897, when Frank Avery was chosen president of the board and J. S. Worthman, secretary. Miss Emma Gattiker was its first vice president. On New Year's day of 1898 Miss Kate M. Potter was appointed librarian and has since held the position, making her connection the longest, in continuous service, of any official identified with the library.

The library became a Carnegie institution in 1902, and the beautiful and convenient building now occupied by the collection of 11,000 volumes, club rooms and other accommodations, was completed at a cost of $15,000.

It has become a generally accepted principle of public hygiene that a pure and abundant supply of water is the most effective safeguard against epidemics and other less pronounced forms of sickness. Of late years, also, a good system of waterworks has been made to fill another pressing desideratum ; that is, the necessity of securing economical and adequate protection against fire for those communities which could not afford to expend large sums of money on costly and varied fire apparatus and in the maintenance of a well-paid department. These statements were, of course, made with reference to the City of Baraboo, which, for thirty years, has been developing its system of water distribution and protection against fire through its waterworks. The result is a fine supply of pure water and the provision of'such means to guard against tire as the distribution of numerous water hydrants in thickly settled districts, with means of irn-reasing the pressure in ease of necessity. The headquarters of the fire department are in the city hall on Fourth Street, where are an engine, hook and ladder and hose cart. No. 2 house is on Lynn Street, where are a hose cart and even minor apparatus. In 1886 the city issued bonds to the amount of $100,000 for the construction of waterworks, which were commenced in the fall of that year and completed in the spring of 1887 at a cost of $75,000. The water is obtained from a group of living springs located about a mile northeast of the city near the Baraboo River, and the brick pumping station stands about 700 feet from the springs. The pumps are propelled by water power from a large dam race about half a mile long leading from the river. The standpipe in the north part of the city is on a hill some 140 feet above Main Street. The structure itself is 52 feet high and 30 feet in diameter and has a capacity of 150,000 gallons.

One of the municipal departments which, fortunately, has never been forced to abnormal growth in Baraboo is that given over to the police. Although here is a city of some thousands of people law and order are so instinctively maintained that its total police force comprises only one chief, an assistant and two patrolmen.

Besides the waterworks, the only public utility not under control of the city is the telephone service. The Baraboo Telephone Company, which renders that service, was incorporated in 1895, and conducts an exchange comprising several hundred subscribers and covering Baraboo and several adjoining towns.

The first newspaper to be issued from Baraboo lived a little more than six years. It was a whig organ, the Sauk County Standard, and its initial number was put out by Messrs. A. McFadden and C. H. McLaughlin on the twenty-fifth of June, 1850. In the following February Mr. McFadden retired, and Mr. McLaughlin assumed the proprietorship, changing the politics of his newspaper to democratic, with M. C. Waite as editor. In May of that year (1851) Duncan C. Nivcn succeeded Mr. Waite; politics the same. McLaughlin and Niven both retired at the end of the Standard's first volume, when the name of the paper was changed to the Sauk County Democrat. Until August, 1855, the changes of proprietorship and editorship were fast, if not furious, and included the assumption of various responsibilities by J. II. Wagoner, George R. Clark. R, II. Davis, I). S. Vittum, Cyrus II. McLaughlin (again), R. C. Gould, Andrew C. Holt, Victor E. Peck and James I. Dennis. Afterward, until the final suspension of the newspaper in November, 1856, J. W. Phelps and J. II. Wells guided its fortunes, such as they were.

The Baraboo Republic is, therefore, the oldest paper of continuous publication in the community. Its first number was issued in January, 1855. by D. K. and S. Noyes. being then a seven-column republican journal. In October of the same year the junior partner withdrew and was succeeded by Perkins & Blake, D. K. Noyes retaining the proprietorship and political editorship. In the meantime a name which was to become widely known throughout the United States had appeared in the columns of the Republic as a contributor, and in September, 1856, it appeared as one of its editors - A. N. Kellogg, the originator, or at least the popularizor, of the "patent insides" for country newspapers, in which enterprise he afterward made a fortune. In the following month Mr. Noyes retired from the Republic, the editorship of which was assumed by Mr. Kellogg, while H. A. Perkins became its publisher, the two co-operating under the lirra name of Kellogg & Perkins. In June, 1862, Mr. Kellogg withdrew and J. \V. Blake and C. E. Stewart assumed the conduct of the Republic. Mr. Stuart withdrew in 1863, and Mr. Blake, the remaining proprietor, sold the paper to "William Hill in 1865. Then came Joseph L Weirieh in 1872, Edwin H. Woodman in 1874, and in January, 1880, J. H. Powers. In 1882 Mr. Woodman retired, and in 1891 a joint stock company was formed to conduct the enterprise. At this time the Hood Brothers associated themselves with Mr. Powers, and in March, 1894, the Daily Republic was established. George II. and Sidney J. Hood succeeded Mr. Powers as proprietors and editors of the Republic and are still at the head of its affairs.

The Sauk County Democrat was established January 31, 1879, by Joshua G. Ford. In 1886 it was sold to Herman Grotophorst and E. August Runge. In 1890 the latter became sole proprietor and assumed the general editorship, with E. L. Luckow as local editor. Subsequently Mr. Luckow became proprietor and editor of the Democrat for a number of years, and was succeeded by Roland J. Osborne, present owner and editor.

In the early '80s a little newspaper was issued by L. H. Cook, at Delton, called the Mirror Lake Echo. The name was pretty, but that did not bolster up the enterprise sufficiently to ensure it a substantial existence, and it soon died of inanition of subscribers and advertisers. Most of the office material passed to J. T. Huntington, of that village, afterward bookkeeper of the state senate, and, through Col. D. E. Welch, of Baraboo, it was sold to J. F. Kartack, the printer, of that city. His job office was then over the store now occupied by Acott's clothing store, and thence the first issue of the Advertiser, the progenitor of the News, came forth on Monday, May 26, 1884. After the newspaper had appeared for about a year Mr. Kartack 's brother, G. A., purchased an interest in the paper, which was enlarged to its present size. Various changes of location occurred before the paper was purchased by A. D. Dorsett and H. E. Cole, La Crosse newspaper men ; which was in April, 1894.

The first number of the Evening News, issued by these gentlemen and J. F. Kartack, appeared June 4, 1894. It was both daily and weekly. After Kartack, Dorsett & Cole had owned the paper jointly for about a year Mr. Kartack sold his interest to J. K. Matchett, of Pierceton, Indiana, but the last named soon disposed of his share to Cole & Dorsett. For three years beginning January 1, 1907, Mr. Cole was the sole editor

Like all other intelligent American communities in which schools, newspapers and other educational forces are well organized, Baraboo is also strong in its support of the churches which have been persistently planted and nourished by good and far-sighted men and women. No religious belief, or shade of religious thought, is slighted, and there is no excuse, except lack of inclination, for not stimulating and strengthening the spiritual nature in some form of worship or another.

In this section of the chapter devoted to Baraboo, the story of its religious growth must be told through the records of the various churches and charitable organizations, and these sketches are arranged chronologically. Those which first assumed local form lead the list.

The Methodists were the first of the religionists to establish themselves in the Baraboo Valley and, as is typical of the sect, in the early pioneer times their zeal carried along the great bulk of the settlers. The faithful and hard work of their missionaries finally developed into the strong organization known as the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Baraboo, with a large membership and a handsome house of worship. One of the old members of the society of today, A. J. Gemmill, has recently prepared an authentic and complete history of the church, the main portions of which are reproduced herewith. He writes as follows :

"Rev. Thomas M. Fullerton, a Methodist, was the first minister of the gospel to visit Baraboo. He came to Potosi, Wis., from Kentucky in 1836, when in his nineteenth year. His mother became an invalid soon after he was born. He was providentially placed in a Presbyterian family, where he was trained in the fear of the Lord. In 1840, during a protracted meeting held by Rev. II. W. Reed and Rev. J, G. Whitford, he united with the M. E. Church. In August, 1841, he joined the new Rock River Conference held at Platteville, Wis., on recommendation of H. W. Reed, presiding elder. He was then appointed to Muscoda, a new circuit including all settlements on both sides of the Wisconsin river from Muscoda to Baraboo. It took three weeks to make the circuit, involving over two hundred miles of travel.

"Rev. John Crummer. a Methodist preaeher on the Mineral Point mission, visited Sauk Prairie in 1840. He was followed by the Rev. James G. Whitford. Mr. Whitford had spent several years of widowerhood as a frontier missionary, and very naturally desired to find a fellowsufferer of the gentler sex ; believing, as many do. that by uniting their sorrows, they could bear them more joyfully. Mrs. Sarah Sayles, the widowed daughter of Henry Tecl and wife, who had settled at the foot of the bluffs on Sauk Prairie in 1840, attracted him. Mr. Whitford and Mrs. Sayles were united in marriage on the 15th day of August, 1841. This was probably the first marriage in Sauk County.

"In 1841 Mr. Fullerton, then a local preacher, appointed to assist Mr. Whitford on the Mineral Point Mission, reached the Teel home at the foot of the bluffs on Sauk Prairie, June 23d, and preached there on Thursday evening, June 24, 1841. A Methodist class was formed at the home of 'Father Teel,' which, for several years, was the place of meeting, and also the stopping place of the traveling preachers.

"Rev. Fullerton's first visit to Baraboo Mills was on October 5, 1841. A Mr. Draper, a Baptist connected with the mill, requested him to establish meetings here. The mill was about one-half a mile above the ford on the Baraboo river. A Mr. William Hill, from one of the New England states, had built a log cabin ten or fifteen rods east of the mill, and boarded Mr. Draper's mill hands.

"On the 16th of October, 1841, on Tuesday evening at Mr. Hill's house, Rev. T. M. Fullerton delivered the first sermon preached in the Baraboo Valley to eleven persons. Of those present only Mr. Draper professed religion. Mr. Fullerton regularly filled the appointment for two years. Then he was appointed to a mission on Lake Superior. Afterward, on account of poor health, Mr. Fullerton located for about ten years. Then he became an active member of the West Wisconsin Conference, filling important appointments until he was superannuated in 1882. He died in 1889 in the 73d year of his age. Mr. Fullerton kept a record of all his missionary travels.

"On Sunday, February 6, 1842, Mr. Fullerton formed the first Methodist class in Baraboo, consisting of Solomon Schaffer, leader, OLlie Schaffer and Parmelia Gibson, all of whom were Methodist immigrants recently arrived. Mr. Schaffer was mill blacksmith and lived in a new house south of the mill. Mrs. Gibson and family lived a mile up the river on the north side.

"On the 10th of April. 1843, Mrs. Mary J. Hill, the woman of the house where the meet in gs were held, joined the class. She was the first convert to religion in the Baralxto Valley.

"The class was reorganized in 1813 by Rev. A. M. Badger, appointed to the Sauk Prairie or Prairie du Sac Mission, who continued the services. Lauren Cowles and Ralph Cowlcs joined the class in 1843. For some time meetings were held at the home of a Mrs. Gillson south of the river. During the pastorate of Rev. P. S. Richardson (1845) the place of meeting was changed to the home of Alexander Crawford in Lyons, and Mr. Crawford became class leader. Services were held in private houses, and in the Court House until the first chapel was built.

head of a circuit under the name of the Adams Mission, Rev. Asa Wood being appointed pastor. After two years the charge was called Baraboo. This territory was within the bounds of the Rock River Conference until 1848, when the conference was divided and the Wisconsin Conference formed. The West Wisconsin Conference was formed in 1856.

"The first Sunday School in Baraboo was a Union Sunday School organized in the spring of 1848, with James A. Maxwell, a Methodist, superintendent. It was held for a time in a log sehoolhouse on the Lyons road. Early in 1849 it was held in the Court House erected in 1848 on the north side of Fourth avenue opposite the park. In the spring of 18.r>0 the Methodists separated from the L'nion Sunday School and formed a Methodist Sunday School, with James A. Maxwell superintendent. This school started with sixty-five scholars and sixteen officers and teachers.

"In 1849 the sixteen members of the Mission were as follows: Alexander Crawford and wife; James A. Maxwell and wife; C. A. Clark and wife; K. Langdon and wife; J. M. Clark and wife; Mrs. Chauncey Brown, Benj. L. Purdy, Charles Stanley, Ralph Cowles, Mrs. James Crawford and Mrs. C. M. Adams. In 1848 James A. Maxwell, Peter Ijosey and Alexander Crawford were elected a board of trustees. Late in 1849 it was decided to build a chapel. Mr. Crawford donated the lot at the southeast corner of Broadway and Fifth avenue for a church location. A building committee, consisting of Rev. Asa Wood and C. A. Clark, was appointed. Clearing away the snow from the ground, a rough wooden building, 34 by 36 feet, boarded horizontally, inside and out, with inch boards over 2 by 6 inch studding, and filled between the boards with sawdust, was erected in January, 1850. This was the first church building in Baraboo. In January, 1851, steps were taken to build a new church on the ground where the first chapel stood. During the summer the building, 36 by 50 feet, was raised on the basement walls, and the basement finished off so that it could be used for services during the fall and winter of 1851-52. This basement was also used for public School purposes and for a court room. The building was completed during the summer of 1853. Baraboo was then a thriving village in a region to which the tide of emigration had been increasing.

"The church was finished just in time for the sixth annual session of the Wisconsin Conference, which assembled in Baraboo on the 31st of August, 1853, Bishop Scott presiding. The church was dedicated by Bishop Scott during the conference on September 4, 1853. In 1866, during the pastorate of Rev. J. E. Irish, the church building was enlarged: 25 feet were added to the south end and a tower erected. In 1873, during the pastorate of Rev. James Evans, a house and lot at the southeast comer of Broadway and Seventh avenue were purchased. This property was the first parsonage. It was sold in 1891 and a house and lot at the north end of Broadway was purchased for a parsonage. This was sold in 1895 and new church and parsonage grounds were purchased at the northwest corner of Broadway and Fourth avenue. A new parsonage was erected in 1896.

' 1 In 1898, during the pastorate of Rev. W. M. Martin, a new church was erected at a cost of $17,000. On January 8, 1899, the Sunday School - room was occupied for church and Sunday School purposes. The new church was dedicated on May 7, 1899, by Bishop C. C. McCabe.

In October, 1914, the Sauk County Historical Society placed its official stamp upon the claims of the First Methodist Episcopal Church to have erected the first house of worship in Baraboo, by unveiling a bronze tablet, bearing this inscription, near the corner of Broadway and Fifth Avenue: "The first church in Baraboo was erected on this lot by the Methodist Episcopal Society in 1850. This memorial tablet erected 1914 by the Sauk County Historical Society." The tablet is fastened to a nuartzite bowlder which was taken from the cellar of the Wood residence near the cemetery. The exercises were in charge of Mrs. Hattie Hall Avery, chairman of the tablet committee and daughter of a former pastor of the church, Rev. A. Hall. The invocation was given by Rev. E. P. Hall, then pastor of the church, and the chief address delivered by the city superintendent of schools. A. C. Kingsford.

Both the First Baptist and the Congregational churches were organized in 1847 ; the former in July, the latter in December. In the fall of 1845 Rev. P. Conrad, then residing at Prairie du Sac, commenced his labors in the Baraboo Valley as a missionary preacher of the Baptist Church, his first meetings being held in the schoolhouse near the Wood & Rowan Mill. He was not able to organize a regular society until July 17, 1847, and then only five members joined the church - George F. Nelson, Mary Ann Clark, Warren Brewster, Rober Crawford and Annis C. Crawford. The next day two more members were received, Simeon and Ruth Crandall. Elder Conrad moved his family to Baraboo in May, 1851, and continued his pastorate until September, 1852, when forty members had been received and twelve dismissed, making the net membership twenty-eight. The first baptism in the church is said to have been Harriet J. Smith, December 6, 1851.

In the meantime the attendance had so increased as to outgrow the capacity of the old log schoolhouse, and from 1848 to 1858 meetings were held in the courthouse. In the fall of 1857 the congregation had voted to build a church edifice, which was completed and occupied in January, 1858. It was a frame building, 24 by 36 feet in dimensions and located on Fourth Street. Its cost was $500. In 1860 the society was incorporated as the First Baptist Church of Baraboo, and in 1872 its meeting house was doubled in size. The edifice now occupied, corner of Broadway and Third Avenue, was completed in 1888 and is valued at $15,000. The enrolled membership is about 140. The successive pastors of the First Baptist Church have been as follows: Revs. P. Conrad, N. Wood, J. B. Patch, A. A. Drown, E. B. Edmunds, S. Carr, L. M. Newell, S. F. Stimpson, L. Parnelly, J. B. Mann, Austin Gibb, E. J. Stevens, A. A. Drown (second term), L. M. Barnes, G. W. Freeman, J. G. Maver, A. M. Bacon, L. E. Sweet, S. F. Holt, H. Ilappell, G. S. Martin, F. Sprague, W. Stiekel, J. C. Williams, E. B. Earle, F. D. Brown, C. S. Knight, C. D. Mayhew and J. W. Johnson (present pastor).

The initial movement was abortive, but in 1852 a church building was completed and Rev. Warren Cochrane was installed as pastor on a salary of $500 per year. The building stood where the postoftice is now located on Second Avenue, and the little red brick church was the scene of many important events. It was afterward used as a schoolhousc. In 1859 the property was sold with the expectation of building a larger church, but the Civil war interfered with the enterprise so that it was not brought to a conclusion until 1867. During that period services were held in the First Baptist Church and in the Collegiate Institute Building.

In December, 1867, a new church was dedicated on Third Avenue, and in the spring of 1870 occurred the exodus to the Presbyterians by which the Congregational ranks were so seriously decimated. Then came a hard struggle to maintain an organization, followed by a slow but sure growth. The society was reorganized in July, 1887, and in January, 1895, the house of worship now in use on Broadway was dedicated.

The first pastors of the Congregational Church were : 1857, Reverend Hutchins; 1858, Reverend Cochran; 1864, Reverend Steward; 1865. Reverend Cochran, and 1872, Reverend Fairfield.

The pastors who served the church during the period of depression were: 1874, Rev. O. G. May; 1876, Reverend Bid well; 1877, Reverend Blakeslee; 1878 to 1881, various pastors supplied the pulpit in lieu of a regular one; 1881, Rev. Pearse Pinch; 1886, Rev. Franklin Fisk, and 1887, Rev. J. A. Wood.

On the 26th of February, 1851, a meeting was held in the Methodist Chapel under the auspices of an agent of the Presbyterian Home Missionary Society, to form a church at Baraboo. This was effected by those in attendance - Mr. and Mrs. Ralph O. Camp, Albert G. Tuttle, John I). Perkins, William Griffith, George W. Cook, Benjamin L. Brier, Mrs. David K. Noyes and Mrs. Anna Wood. A more formal organization was formed at the courthouse in March by the election of Messrs. Camp, Griffith and Noycs as trustees. Mr. Perkins had already been elected elder. It was agreed that the organization should be called the First Presbyterian Church and Society of Baraboo. The building committee next hired the upper room of the Union School house for services and Rev. J. Kasson preached the first sermon July 31, 1851. He assumed the pastorate in the following October. A little frame church was completed and occupied in February, 1852, and in 1858 was much enlarged. Ten years later it was sold to the German Methodists. Rev. Charles M. Morehouse succeeded Mr. Kasson in 1854, and during the following decade Revs. George Spalding, Sidney Barteau, Hiram Gregg, James Hawley, E. B. Tuthill and E. B. Miner supplied the pulpit. Then came Revs. H. S. Clarke, F. Z. Rossiter (1865-72), G. P. Fol- som, R. L. Williams. G. T. Killen, Daniel Long, C. L. Richards, H. H. Van Vrankcn, Stade Munnekc, C. L. Koons and E. C. Ilenke. Mr. Ilenke assumed the pastorate in 1908; present membership of the church, 200. The house of worship in which the Presbyterians now meet dates really from the accession of more than fifty members from the Congregational Church in 1870. It became at once evident that a larger church edifice than the one then occupied would be necessary, and in 1872 it was completed at a cost of $12,000, under the pastorate of Rev. G. P. Folsom.

Twenty years before the German Methodists were sufficiently strong to organize in Baraboo they had established churches in the towns of Freedom and Westfield. They organized their first society at the county seat in February, 1872. Its first board of trustees, elected February 11th, consisted of George Wolfe, Ernst Sharnke and W. Sharnke. Previous to that time, however, the society had held services in the basement of the First Methodist Episcopal Church. The pastor of the Baraboo circuit was Rev. Charles W. Iwert, who, assisted by John Faller, local preacher, supplied the charge at the time named. In the following year ' the German Methodists' bought the Presbyterian Church on Second Street opposite the high school building. That structure was subsequently replaced by the substantial building now occupied. The pastors of the German Methodist Episcopal Church of Baraboo, with the years of their service, have been: Reverends C. W. Iwert, 1872-75; Christian

Rev. Hugh Miller Thompson was the first Episcopalian clergyman to visit Baraboo (in 1854). He held services in Taylor Hall and became rector of what was then known as St. Paul's Parish. Mr. Thompson continued in that service for three years. In 1858 Rev. Thomas Corlet settled at Baraboo as missionary and remained two years, or until 1860. From that date until 1866 there was no public alms service. In August of the year named Reverends A. P. Dorset and William Dafter visited Baral)oo and resumed Episcopal services in Taylor Hall. Rev. Alonzo J M. Hudson came to reside in Baraboo in 1867, and the name of the parish was changed to Trinity. In the following year the church property on Sixth Street was purchased. Mr. Hudson resigned in 1873, and was succeeded by Rev. Robert Richie, who remained as rector and missionary until 1878. Rev. Mr. Lemon occupied the pulpit for a short time in 1879 and in the following year Rev. Samuel B. Cowdrey assumed the pastorate, which covered a period of twelve years. During that time the chapel was moved from Sixth to Oak Street (1885), the rectory was built (1887), and the new church completed and occupied (1892). Mr. Cowdrey resigned in 1892 and died in 1903. Rev. Alfred Griffin came in 1893, Rev. Charles L. Barnes in 1896, Rev. Marcus Simpson in 1903. Rev. A. C. Jones in 1906, Rev. Clark A. Wilson in 1908, and Rev. L. C. Ferguson in 1917. The present membership of Trinity is 125.

Until 1859 there was no resilient Catholic priest, in Baraboo. In that year the members of the church purchased of the Congregationalists the little church on the the corner of Second and Oak streets, and Rev. James S. hreiner served as pastor until 1869; Rev. Matt White, 1869-71; Rev. William J. Coughlin, 1871-73, and Rev. A. Verbeck, 1873-74. During the administration of Rev. Aloy Laigneil, 1874-76, the present St. Joseph's Church on East Street was erected. Rev. Charles Gunkel became pastor in 1876, Rev. A. Michel in 1878 and Rev. P. J. Lavin in 1880. In 1887 Rev. John T. Durward commenced his long service which so endeared him to all in Baraboo, resigning in August, 1911. Since October of that year Father E. C. O'Reilly has been in charge of the parish, which embraces a membership of some 260 families, or 1,000 souls.

The large parochial school building at the rear of St. Joseph's Church was completed and dedicated in October, 1912. It is a 3-story and basement building, was erected in about a year and cost some $30,000. The seven sisters in charge occupy a convent built at the same time on Second Street. The entire improvement covered an expense of about $45,000.

The religious organization named was founded in 1873. Among the charter members still living are Julius and William Gust and August, John and Lewis Marquardt ; among the deceased, Dr. Theodore Koch, Carl Bender (ex-mayor), August Ringling (father of the Ringling brothers), and William Schultz. The first resident pastor of St. John's was Rev. John Giesel. He came in 1876 and two years later, under his pastorate, the first church on Fourth Street was built. In 1880 Mr. Giesel was succeeded by Reverend Seheffelmann, his successors being as follows. Rev. J. Doershncr, 1882-84 ; Rev. A. F. Nicolaus, 1884-87 ; Rev. F. Popp, 1887-1903; Rev. II. Mueller since 1903. The congregation of St. John's Church numbers about 120 families.

In the late '60s the Germans formed the society mentioned above, and in 1870 erected a church, which still stands, corner of Broadway and Second Street. Rev. C. E. Maves is the present pastor.

The Christian Science Society of Baraboo was organized in May, 1913, and its increase in membership has made several moves necessary. Mrs. Elizabeth Harwood Thuerer, Miss Mathilde A. Schwerdt, Mrs. Ada B. Converse and Mrs. Florence W. Doppler have served as its first readers. The society now meets in the Young Men's Christian Association Building on Ash Street.

The activities of the men and women of Baraboo, like those of other typical American communities, are organized and centered in numerous bodies of a social, charitable, business and sometimes, of a secret nature. Of the last named class, the standard lodges, such as those identified with Masonry and Odd Fellowship, are the oldest and the strongest.

Masons, which was organized November 6, 1851, under a dispensation granted in the previous month to James Maxwell as worthy master; Harvey Canfield, senior warden : John G. Wheeler, junior warden ; R. M. Forsythe, secretary, and others. Among the early masters of this lodge were, besides Colonel Maxwell, W. D. Truax, M. C. Waite, Edward Sumner, Daniel Ruggles, F. M. Stewart, William Jay, H. M. Peck, T. C. Thomas, D. S. Vittum, John Barker, W. W. Andrews, W. B. Blachley and R. Metealf. About 1891 the old Folsom property, corner of Oak and Second Avenue, was purchased, and a Masonic Temple erected. There all the Masonic bodies meet at stated times.

Baraboo Chapter No. 49, which includes in its membership many Masons outside of Baraboo, was organized in July, 1875, with George G. Swain as high priest. In was chartered in February of the following year by Messrs. Swain, E. A. Watkins, Mair Pointon, J. E. Owen, T. D. Lang, George S. Rockwell, William Fox, G. M. Reul, John H. Hull and S. H. Waldo. Among the early high priests were G. G. Swain, D. S. Vittum and John Barker.

The local organizations of the order to be established at a later period were Baraboo Chapter No. 21, Order of the Eastern Star, and Baraboo Commandery No. 28, Knights Templar.

The Independent Order of Odd Fellows organized a lodge in Baraboo about a year before the Masons took to the field, but, after a short struggle, it went down. D. K. Noyes, Charles Wood, M. D. Evans, L. C. Stanley, Dr. S. Angell, T. Kirk and C. H. McLaughlin are known to have been among its eharter members. Members of the order did not consider themselves strong enough to attempt a revival of the enterprise until 1871. On October 23d of that year was organized Baraboo Lodge No. 51, with the following charter members: D. K. Noyes, E. M. Coon, H. H. Webster, H. D. Newell, James Dykins and W. 0. Stephenson. Of its noble grands who served at an early day may be mentioned D. K. Noyes, II. H. Webster, F. B. Baldwin, A. J. Gorman, A. II. Cowles, F. Barringer, Thomas Libbey, P. P. Palmer, L. 0. Holmes, J. M. True, H. D. Potter, H. D. Snell, J. W. Blake, Fred Baldwin, A. A. Roberts, W. H. White, T. Spellan and Edwin R. Bow.

Northwestern Encampment No. 20, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was instituted at Reedsburg in January, 1868, by Past Grand Master C. C. Cheeney of Janesville. After two years' work at that place, the lodge having suspended, the encampment also surrendered its charter. On November 15, 1875, it was revived at Baraboo by the following eharter members : L. O. Holmes. P. P. Palmer, II. D. Potter, Thomas Libby. A. ('. Tuttle, A. II. Cowles and S. F. Smith. These gentlemen served as the tirst elective officers of the encampment.

Baraboo Lodge No. 47, Knights of Pythias, was chartered in May, 1886, and the Uniform Rank (Division No. 22) was chartered in May, 1890. Devil's Lake Camp No. 390, Modern Wooden of America, was chartered in September, 1887. Baraboo Lodge No. 85, Ancient Order of United Workmen, was organized in May, 1881, and the auxiliary, drawing its membership from the wives and daughters of the former, was established in November, 1889.

There are also well established lodges of the Elks, Eagles, Modern Woodmen of America, Royal Neighbors, Royal Arcanum and Equitable Fraternal Union.

Always leading this class are the Grand Army Post and the Relief Corps. Joe Hooker Post No. 9, Grand Army of the Republic, was organized at Baraboo on March 3, 1880, by Comrade A. G. Densmore, chief mustering officer. The following were admitted as charter members : H. Albrecht, C. Bender, W. Palmer, George Bloom, J. C. Spencer, H. Southard, P. E. Longley, W. H. Staten, R. Delap, Volney Moore, Tom Scott, J. Whitty and J. A. Pabodie. Previous to muster, others were received, and Phil Cheek, Jr., was elected first post commander. The first meeting of the post was held in Odd Fellows' Hall. Among its early commanders were, besides Mr. Cheek, D. E. Welch, L. O. Holmes, H. Albrecht, D. K. Noyes and M. Spring. From the character of its membership, the strength of the post has gradually declined.

Its auxiliary, Joe Hooker Relief Corps No. 36, was organized December 28, 1888, with twenty-five charter members. Like the Grand Army of the Republic, one of the objects of the corps is to inculcate lessons of patriotism; in addition, to "render assistance to widows, orphans, and army nurses of the soldiers, sailors and marines of the G. A. R." All of this, and more, has been accomplished by the women's auxiliary of the Grand Army.

Within the last four years, it is perhaps needless to add, the issues of the Civil war have been obscured at Baraboo, as everywhere else in America, by the vast overshadowing movements of the world conflict which have created new generations of patriots.