Baraboo City (part 1 of 5)

Some Religious Deductions

I am at a loss to know whether I am simple, demented or a religious fanatic to attempt to instruct upon this the greatest subject that is presented to the mind of man.

The present world is swarming with teachers, priests and prophets and sects, especially in this country where the mind is not trammeled by laws, seem to luxurate ostensibly in speculations and research. The religions of the world change in a degree like all things else. Some sparks of light seem to have lighted upon my mind showing me beautiful parallels existing between the Mosaic record of | creation and physical science of God's creation. Side by side stand the dual records.

First, written by Moses; second, physical science of to-day relative thereto. The first is in Gen. 1st, of the Pentateuch, so nicely agrees with the Second, namely: Science as shown in the rocks and otherwise is what has provoked in connection therewith the tracing the blood of our Saviour from Adam to the Cross. Then by the prophesies to the coming to the earth again to choose His elect. What I ask in the publishing these few pages T shall give, is an unprejudiced reading anil thought, and a charitable pointing' out errors. if found, that 1 mar have entertained.

There is a written history of the incomprehensible being that by a large mass of men is thought to be doubtful. It is the burden of these pages to show by nature its truth.

The Pentateuch was written by Moses, (the first five books of the Christian Bible.) There are pertinent reasons for believing that the revelations by Bible authors are from the great Author of all intelligence proven by his works. I find many parallels exhisting between the Mosaic record of creation and physical science.

Religion is primarily a vow to God. held very sacred by the Romans. It is to man an instinct hard to repel. Thomas Payne in his "Age of Reason'' holds to a personal God and a future state of existence. There are in natures's works, an abundance of miraculous showings.

Miracle is a deviation apparently from a natural course of things. In viewing the different religions of the world, they are indeed, a marvel, of error:' no. of righteousness? no, of thought? yes.

and flew into a bush, and in a moment after it went and returned with a horsehair. It there had a nest made: it sang- by spells most beautiful carols. In a few days the nest seemed complete and to my eye and mind it was a nice home for the sweet singer. I soon noticed that there were two of Ithem. I have heard that birds 'choose their mates and marry for .'the season. Why? Who told them fto? Day by day I watched this pair I and visited them at their home. One / little egg as large as a hazel nut was in it; in a few days there were four eggs, and then the mother bird commenced sitting on them. Why? Instinct. Ah yes.

A chemist may analyze an egg and give you very nearly the constituent parts and make the shell, but he can't put life into it. That is a miracle.

The eggs hatched, and all you will notice is a big head and a wide mouth is thrown open every time the parent comes with food. Who told the parent what kind of food was adapted to the wants of that little shapeless piece of flesh? An instinct miracle. To the great delight of the parents they grew up to be just like them.

Instinct controlled every change made in the growth of these little birds, and how exact every feature of growth was made without mistake. How tenderly and lovelingly it was all done, in song and rejoicing. ; Ah, yes, birds have praise meetings; there had evidently, been an appointment given out, for they came from all directions into a tree by my Window. The seats, (little branchlets of limbs) were nearly all filled. The preacher gave out a hymn, then what a chorus of voices went up. In a few moments all was silent and quiet again. Some spoke and another hy:.. . was sung, all taking part. It was a long piece - it was quiet again while the benediction was pronounced - then away they all flew.

In the mother sparrow's womb thenis a little lump of eggs, as much as she is premitted to lay through life. Who made or what made this arrangement? But there they will lay and never come to the light of day until semen from the male has come in touch with them. It is then they become fertilized to pass upward through its many changes until it has fulfilled its mission, than a retrograde commences and ends in death. To look again a step backward - but where came the unfertilized eggs and the life-giving semen?. Our tracing has brought us to creation. God gives us his laws of reproduction. "-So God created man in his own image. In the image of God created he him. male and female created he them. and gave them the power of reproduction" Mosaic record is minute in geneaology.

Thomas Payne; the greater of deists speakes of a great omnipotent mind,^-a creator. Those who ignore a creator use expressions such a-: by "organic affinity," or by the term "selection of the fittest."

It would seem if MAN could make a beginning- without a creator he would be happy. Charles Robert Darwin in his origin of species (histroic sketch) brings forward thirty scientific authors to disprove creation. Their tracing of development in forms of life from a life already begun to other higher forms does not touch the question considered. Are these beginnings accidental, or is matter itself life-giving?

Authors are more numerous than thirty and of high attainments who place their reasoning upon aninfinate intelligent creator for a starting point. In either case a beginning is incomprehensibe to man's reason. A miracle.

See 90 Psalm 100. Still 120 years is the length of man's life given at Creation and would be to this day if he always had lived a Mosaic regime.

The scale of the Genealogical map which represents the six destinct characteristic periods, from Adam to the Cross that I have had engraved and here given is too small to be at once understood, therefore I have given it in another cut of the first period on a larger scale to be clearly understood. I do earnestly ask my kind reader to make this genealogy a careful study. The checks of either chart represent 100 vears.

The eyes are dual, arms, legs, ears, tongue, heart, circulation of the blood. Then there is the night and day, good and bad. The continents are paired; North and South America, Europe and Asia, Africa and Australia. There is the righteous and unrighteous side in Ethics. Sacred history and profane history. The one chronicles the acts of man, the other has to do with the relation of man to his maker, and is called;

Religion

RELIGION. The righteous, Godly people from the beginning for 1,500 years were governed by the heads of families and for this purpose the Lord seemed to have lengthened their lives miraculously long for priests and governors - Adam 930, Seth 912. These 10 lived on each other's time excepting Enoch and Noah. The length of their children's lives are not mentioned, therefore they are 120 years to Gen. 6. 1, 2.

In Genesis, fourth chapter, Cain's family is mentioned, giving the names of the children, but not their birth or death, or length of their lives.

At the close of the Adamic Chronology, the inspired ipen records "when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, his years were 120. Eor nearly six thousand years we have to look upon the age of Man and can mark the time given to him to live upon the earth as 120 years.

In the beginning it was given at 120 years, later, after the flood the Sacred Volume puts it at 75 years. This does not make God a changeable being.

if he lived according- to the Mosaic regime, and had not ancestry to contend with. The shortening of his life lays at the door of his own home. The length of days of all creatures were given by their Creator. Man may domesticate them out of their natural time periods, yet their natural time periods remain the same. We are told in Gen. 6-4 there were giants on the earth in thd&e days and they became men of renown.. This language shows that the mass of mankind were not giants.

It looks as though the sons of God had too much to do with those fair daughters of men by marrying and raising ungodly families. But, in 16§0 an end was made of their fair daughter's marriages by the flood.

The inhabitants of Bashon. today, 1900, is historically very pecular, are very war-like. Strangers are not allowed to dwell with them or even travel through their country without a permit.

Porter, the author of five, years in Damascus, had become familiar with the Arabic language and having formed a favorable acquaintance with their Sheik, got a permit to spend some time with them. He was escorted by six of their officers day by day.

They claim an ancestry and civilization far back of any other nation, i Have been conquored by Greece and ' Rome, and their country occupied long enough for cities to be. built and gone to ruin, and now lay in heaps, lK>th of Greek and Roman architecture. Beautiful >tatuarv laying in deserted piles, while their own temples and dwellings antedate tiie others, stand as good as when first bush, all ready to be occupied as they ivi-ro at first. They were built of Bsalth rock, four to six feet, cubic blocks laid up without cement. Roofing m' Basaltic slabs, nine inches thick, four by ten feet, one end supported on tinwall, the other one tier of arches running through the center of the building'. They had no ornamental work. The people are of medium stature. They call themselves Refames. They claim to be descendants of a nation <«:' giants.

Porter counted sixty walled cities of these Refames in a territory, thirty by sixty miles, mostly on a plain o( very fertile soil. They have no written history. Porter could locate bj name most of these ancient cities described in the Bible, agreeing with with the Bible account of them.

In the second book of Moses is given the Decalogue-Raw of God, engraved by himself in leaves of stone |(His word and work do agree.) Beside the record in written character of a language, the rocks in their leaves, strata are sepulchers for plants and animals, in their proper creative days entombed in six distinct classes and named by our scientists.

I once found in a stone quarry in Baraboo a very perfect trilobite: the little round eyes the size of a pinhead stood out bold, and no mould in metal could have been made prettier. '1 hi* rock engraving confirms the Mosau" record: one in written characters, the

Again, this righteous record is written in our hearts. Our instinct tells us that it is all right, not a word or a letter or a '"jot or a tittle" of a letter can be added or subtracted from it until the end of time when it shall ;'all be fulfilled" so says our Saviour Jesus Christ. - Matthew 5th chapter.

The Trilobite above spoken of belongs to the lower Potsdam sand rock, and is one of the earliest living creatures of our globe. Man cannot give him a place in other rocks. God placed him in this lowest of water deposited sand rock all over the world, that was its natural home. '"Not one jot or tittle of Jehovah's law that placed him there could change it to another creature, or to another age or ocean bed as its home. The creature was just suited to the condition that the world then was in. The written law of God by Moses cannot in any sense be changed any more than that Trilobite could naturally flourish in our day and be changed to some other creature, i. e. to pass specie limits. All thick hided animals, as hog, rhinoceros, etc. could not become a sheep, There are people and many of them believe that man's beginning began with the Molusk and by delightful transmigressions became a man, having broken through class lines. An oyster, a fish, a frog,a hog, a monkey, a man. By this reasoning a personal God is ignored and the Bible made a dead letter. It is a pleasure to study physical science and notice the harmony existing between it and the Bible. The harmony becomes beautiful with class limits, and creation for each class by the great omnipotent designor. All thinkers will readily see a creative ladder leading from a beginning to a consummation which is a tree of plant life, and man of animal life, This a finale of life to those who believe in a gradual development from 0 to zero - no not zero for why should not development go right on. But it does not. The designor says to life stop and take a rest. Moses says so and so does all nature. What comes next? A Sabbath of Rest - a memorial of the creative week, says Moses. Nature says rest and death. What next'? Moses says reproduction. So says nature. This is written in our hearts. Thomas Paine in his age of reason says "all men believe in a personal God and a future existence and so do I." Both are full of miracles. Both teach of a future state of existence. The essential life principle may be enclosed in a nut shell, an acorn, or enshrined in a minute seed shell, When conditions are favorable to its birth it comes forth and obeys implicitly God's laws. If it is an acorn, a sta/tely oak is grown from it. That in turn fructuates. The life principle is put into every acorn on the tree and then they are released from its parent, it falls and is buried in the bosom of Mother Earth, it in time comes forth again. All this teaches of life. death and a resurrection. The Christian Bible teaches of life, death and a resurrection.

Let us futher notice parallels that exist between Mosaic records and the process of world making- and the remains found in the rocks as claused by scientists.

At tirst the world was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep. Then light was created. Winchcl in his geology savs that the earth was once a gaseous cloud, that by aggregation it was formed into a sphere. Here is a line parallel between Moses and Winchel. Moses says light was created upon this day. 2nd day the waters were divided from the waters, a part went into the atmosphere and a part remained upon the earth. Winchel in his sketches of creation has a chapter on the ''ordeal of water" in the Ezoic period (The primitive rockgranite.) 3d day, dry land appeared; vegetation and plants created. In reading from Chamber's Cyclopedia relative to vegetation, the author enumerates 2000 species of the lowest order, yet he has them divided into six, general divisions. That number six with the sacred seven following seems to run all through God's work - a law. It does seem as though there was not room for a doubt that the one is proof of the other.

Plant life in that day or period of time was of giant growth for the carbonic acid gas so filled the atmosphere that it was congenial to the growth of plants, but lunged animals could not survive in it. The plants took the carbon from the atmosphere and the death of their bodies formed our coal beds, which is of such immense value to us in this our day. God seems to have kept it for the 19th and 20th centuries. It is termed the carboniferous age. The atmosphere is now purified of its posionous property and fitted for lunged land animals and they were created on the fourth fifth and sixth days. Each having its place in the rocks. Now we have come to the consummation. God says to his Sim; "Let us make passed over into the hand of man.Thc rocks were divided into six primary divisions. Was it not the work of the I AM? Besides the six divisions o' the rocks, the plants come in thenorder, and those divisions have received names by naturalists just six of them, so with animals, just six o:' them. So far we have got many parallels of Nature with Mosaic record. Nature requires rest, old fields require it. Machinery lasts longer by rest.-.. Man and animals require it. All nature is full of proofs of the Mosaic record. An opposer asks, "Does not the rock indicate that a date of Earth's beginning would date back thousands and millions of years before the Mosaic record?" Certainly. It matters not to man how long God'? period days were. "When all was finished, suited to man's wants, - every kernel of sand and drop of water, coal, oil, gas stored away, forests grown, fruits made, Pie said, "Let us make man in our own image." The sun and the moon were given to him fof time pieces. They have run for most six thousand of man's years a deviaton of not one minute, and who knows how much longer. We are told in Psalm's that "One thousan-i of man's days is as one with God. This looks like metaphorical language. It might as well have been ten thousand as one thousand. The changes that the earth has undergone I shall not touch upon here. RELIGION.

Menu Bra M Ah

If man were created in the ima.s,v of God, he necessarily would be religious. The lexigraphy of the word u a vow to God. After Moses. MENU BRA M AH.

Buddha

viz: Rig, Yajust, Sauian, Atharvan. which were considered as directly revealed to Brama. Bra ma by some is thought to be an imaginary God. The followers of the Veda ran into idol worship although the Veda itself is of high ethical teaching. BUDDHA.

Buddha of India was born 614 years B. G. Born a prince of most noble ancestry tracing. As he matured his whole mind was religious. He had no taste for royal robes. Riches and distinctions were of ' no moment to him. He retired from the world of business and wrote books. He married a wife of much beauty and of an old and honorable family. She became absorbed with him in his line of thought. At fifty he commenced to lecture in small villages with much force of argument, striking heavy blows against idol worship which was then nigh universal. His words found their way to the hearts of men. In his day he nearly drove idol worship out of India. He died at eighty years and his works did follow him. His teachings became popular throughout China. Japan, Siam, Anan, Xepaul, Ceylon, Thibet and Burmen Empire, having at one time 370,000,000 followers; the highest of any religion in the world.

The San Francisco Examiner of February 4th, 1900, gives a plan that has been laid in Japan to evangelize Buddhism in American, taking San Francisco in California for its initatory point. Two of the ir missionaries are at work. They propose to establish schools, asylums etc. Sunday p. m. their largest parlor is well lillcd; addresses in English and Japanese are spoken. In their school. English and Japanese are taught. They adopt the American style of dress. I quote a little of what they say with regard to their relfgion; "Christianity in many respects resembles Buddhism. The Ethics of Christ are truly elevating and reminds us of the noble injunctions of Buddha. We do not however accept the dogmas of Christianity because they stand in contradiction to science and are apt to foster a spirit of intolerance and narrowness." (Here they do err, at least, in part.) Christ's teachings are pure science. He made the physical world and gave it to man. What man finds out of his miraculous work is science. It seems to me that so called foreign Christian missionaries have represented the teaching of Christ aright, considering the practices of their home church. Abroad they ask our missionaries, "Do your countries have a legal established religion of Christianity'.'" Yes, in England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Canada, Germany, Spain, etc., they do have. In the United States of America nine tenths of the states do in part and are striving for more political power. The Heathen Chinee or ;Japanee replies, "We have no force behind our pure Buddhist teaching. Xo blood has ever stained a Buddhist temple." In either case there is truth enough in the teachings of our anchient sages so that it alone sulliceth for their quiet religious life. India, Japan or China are not expansionists or warlike in character. Christian are warlike, money crazy, land grabbing, colonial nations. and are nipping from China, India and Africa, that are more peaceful in character and not rich in war, pieces of territory that may give footholds for commerce, or any kind of money making. These unsaved lations are looked upon by the Great POWERS as needing- better civilization, therefore, they mean to administer medicine that will make them very sick at first to rid them of filthy lucre; then give them bomb shell, grape and canister until they will deed over territory for war expenses. Is this Christ's teaching-'? Then send missionaries to teach them how Christ loves them and to show them a ,road to a better land where the jstreets are paved with gold and the [gates one solid diamond each. Would 1 not heaven be good enough where no ' discord prevailed, with love, peace ' and good will without gold or dia- \ monds?

CONFUCIUS. The great sage and philosopher of China. He devoted his giant mind largely to writing books, which for 2000 years have been received by the Chinese as their bible. He never claimed any divine unction, but simply human deductions. Said to have been born 551 years before Christ. From earliest youth he was sedate and studious. After the death of his mother, at the age of seventeen (his father died when he was three years old), he went into retirement, devoting his whole mind to religious studies and writing. At fifty he was made prime minister of China, but the iuties of his office were distastful to aim, especially the intrigues of a foreign power. He soon resigned, t'here are many things that might be written of this great sage that would >e interesting. But we will now vrite no more.

The date of this personage is not exactly known. Some place it at 4«*i years before Christ, while some think it antedates more. Tradition says a good spirit appeared to his mother, who lived in Bakhara.

Christ

CHRIST. A being supernatural, having existed with his father before our Earth was. The making, arranging, conducting of it, the father put into his hands to fashion and conduct which has been traced on other pages of this pamphlet. After having spent time with his father, presumably, he comes to this earth that he has given to man and takes upon himself humanity - born of a woman, and raised as a child, at the home of a carpenter; was not educated from a human school of acquiring knowledge.

The history of the ancient sages. Bramah, Buddha, Confucius, Zoroaster were beautiful characters. But they were trained from human schools from the lore of their times. That early training and from the piety of their minds in retirement where they drew from God the fine Ethical lessons that they penned down fur the benefit of their brother man. Not so with Christ. He, our maker, could not be taught. He came to teach. When a child he contended with the wise men in the temple at Jerusalem. His ministery was begun with amiracle. Not so with sages. Christ's sermon on the mount (Mathew chapters 5, 6, 7) is pronounced the finest piece of rhetoric ever penned. It could nut be otherwise, consedring its author.

The greatest scientists can and do unravel many of God's miracles, to our great delight. Still we are in the world of miracles yet. They are in

God's word: they are in God's works. It is a very false idea that science is at varience with Christianity, Darwin and our State University and Budhists notwithstanding-.

Mohammed's father died when he was two years old, his mother when he was six. He was then cared for by his grandfather and uncle. The uncle was rich, with whom he served faithfully for sixteen years.

During this time he made extensive travels, and dealt much with Christians and Jews. His uncle died when he was twenty-five years of age. He formed an acquaintance of a widow whose husband had been a rich merchant. He was in her employ three years then married her. She was forty and he thirty. His mind had been much turned to the Christian and Jewish religion. He perceived that they were divided into many sects, as well as his own, Arabic people. Hence he formulated in his mind the audacions idea of becoming a prophet of God.

The accrimination of sects with each other, this shrewd prophet saw that unshelfish love out-weighed hatred. Being a man of pleasing address. his love lectures call to him many adherents. His enemies asked of him to prove his apostleship by miracles. In reply he adroitly evaded the challenge.

At the age of thirty-eight he took up his abode in a cave near Mecca. Here he claimed to receive messages from the God of heaven by the angel Gabriel. His wife looked upon it as a

After two years of retirement he assumed the title, Apostle of God, and for the four following years he made but nine coverts. The leading feature of his discourses were that God is a unit and that he was his prophet.

They looked upon him lower than a ballad singer, and openly called him a liar. For fourteen years he preached and at times his entire audience leaving. His suavity of manners and flattery of the rich began to give him prestage.He was driven from Mecca by the citizens. He took refuge among the rich of the opulent city, Medina, A change of life dawns upon him. In a short time converts come to him like falling flakes of snow.

He returned to his native city Mecca, with ten thousand soldiers and easily placed the city under his dictation. This was more persuasive than his many years of preaching had been. The next ten years of his life exhibited nothing but plunder and bloodshed. He conqured Persia, Tartary, Bokharia, making territory six times larger than all Europe. I will quote a few passages from his bible, the Al- Karan - the sum of his visions in his two years retirement:

Al-Koran, Chapter 2, page 59. "God created the earth, then the seven heavens. The Lord said unto the angel Gaberiel, I am going to place a substitute upon the earth. They

He pleads to his adherents as children of Israel, Chapter 61. "Remember when they are delivered from Pharaoh and when Moses grave them the book of the law that God had written with his own hand and asked them if they would keep it. They all said we will, but they did not - they never did. So God ordained a new prophet as an expounder of it made plain by himself. (Mohammed)

Religions - primarily a vow to God. have all been founded in love. Howsad, how heart aching-, how distressing- to read the history, both ancient and modern, and learn of the damnable work that has been made of human life by our brother man. Sawed to pieces, burned at the stake, tortured in every way the devil could invent, piously in the name of Jesus Christ and religion. England is called a Christian nation. That is a LIE of the blackest kind. She has killed off beautf ul youth enough to form a bridge of human bodies at three feet apart across all Europe, if not the whole earth. The Buddhists of India and Confucians of China have taken the least life in the name of religion of any nation, and less skilled in war, and as a consequence are the less able to protect themselves against Christian swords and long range guns - civilization.

Has India flourished in art and science more, and subject 1.0 famine less under their conquerors, and has been more happy since English occupation than before'.-' feet deep and forty to fifty miles ;,. with smaller laterals. This is oru- , - the largest of those ancient canal rv. - ervoirs, but all India was once a complete network of hydraulic engineering for irregation and navigation.

Those ancient canals, aqueduct ~ artificial lakes of .30440 square mih . in them, their aggregate pond*, baths, etc., lay there asleep, a;;.: their people dying with hunger.

At this present time while England'* conquorers are out on a spree to civilize the Boers, they don't care anything for money and diamonds, oh no! not a bit.

Four hundred years ago Spain wa« called the great world's ci'vilizcr. They found inSouth^Americaa highh civilized and rich people, but defici-.;.: in the art of war. If there was ever a quorum of devils that could dance a jig in a pool of innocent blood of men. women and children it was the Spanish army that onquered that peaceful, beautiful government of Peru and old Mexico.

In the trend of time they had .1 neighbor that lived near one of their down-trodden, poverty-stricken famined dependencies. This neighbor was called Uncle Sam. He had for several years been a spectator to ti.e devilization of that innocent people by Mr. Spain. Uncle Sam with hi* long legs stepped over the water one day and took Spain by the seat of his breeches and shook him as a do:; would a skunk and told him to -:" home and and never be caught here again.

Says my neighbor: '"What do you think of theWilliam Penn colony civilization that of which is now Pennsylvania in America and he an Englishman." The English government had owed William's father a large amount of money for a long time. When the old gentlemen died, William had the government to deal with. He asked if they would give him a tract of land in America he would prefer it to the money. They gave him what is now Pennsylvania to govern in his own way so long as he did not violate the English law. William took possession of it, but he recognized the fact that the land really belonged to the Indians instead of the English. He called a council of all the Indians and purchased their title satisfactory to them and to him - nutice the fruits of this deal of peace and good will between man and men.

In Pennsylvania there has ever been an amicable feeling existing between the Indians, old England and William Penn and citizens that has since occupied the lands of this state. William Penn's transactionwas noble Christian civilization.

When a nation has to put force to make another think, and do as they think in religion or justice it becomes devilization instead of civilization or christianization.

Accumulation of wealth has been the bane of all Christian civilization. Christ born in a manger represented no human wealth. Teaching to return good for evil, is much higher than the sages referred to in this pamphlet. They all sprang from families of wealth and influence. With all their goodness and exalted ethics the humble Nazarine is away above in true greatness, even human greatness.

Citizenship

What else is Christianity but to follow thedoctrines precepts enunciated by Moses, Christ and the inspired writers of the Bible. How peaceful and kind are all its ethical teachings. - "Love your enemies." "If they are hungry give them to eat." It is true that there are passages in the Sacred . writings that I wished were not there, e. g: David coveted Uriah's wife, and got her. Solomon built temples to please his heathen wives. Israel chose to follow Baal and shed blood. For all these things Israel was punished. Let us avoid the bad and choose the good. We can have our choice. CITIZENSHIP

1st. Man makes a bad mistake not to be honest to himself in his relation between himself and his God. Obedience in following God's laws is of the first importance, and if there should be a conflict between His laws and the laws that man should make, we must obey those that relate to our Maker.

2nd. Civil government is instituted by man for his protection against his brother man. That of the U. S. A. is the best ever instituted, Peru of South America excepted. Civil governments that are headed by monarchs, kings, queens, dukes, etc., hold their brother man as subjects - slaves. They hold them in this condition by standing armies. The greatest enemy of our Republie is riches - combination of capital, trusts, etc. This is the shad}* side ol" a Democratic Republican government. Selfishness and greed is so interwoven into humanity that it seems to require almost superhuman efforts to get rid ; of it in any measure.

A person that begins to get wealth ! seems to be abnormally deseased for ! it, and what legal medicine to admin- > ister is a question not so easily deter- | mined. Putting heavy taxes on their I currency, realty, chatties, may be a | regulator, (hang every person that

I accumulates over a million dollars. How will that do?) I do not know. Civil government is hard to admini ister because it comes from short-

I Higher Criticism

I times breaks forth in different forms among the clerical professors. I invited a learned and well-known elegyman whom I respected and loved, to give me a call, which he did. I presented to him for critisism the subject of this pamphlet. He said; "We must read the letter press of the Old Testament with a spiritual understanding and not be led into error by the letter. That the Hebrew language was better understood today than when Moses wrote his sketch of creation - Gen. 1 to 7,, and so with his other writings, Mythology was largely interwoven in it. To illustrate: When 1 was a young boy we lived on a hill. Our family moved from this place to a level prairie country. Thirty years passed. I went back to visit the old home. That hill that I had got pictured in my youthful mind was in fact but an undulation, hardly large enough to be called a hill. So with the letter press of those times which made mountains mole hills, e. g. those long-lived patriarchs, etc., were presumably mythical.

This High Criticism Criticised

The reading of the Bible and spiriting it out ot the letter as our judgment dictates is but ficticious dealing With it. The old Testament is thus converted into mythical riddles. A over of ficticious reading might get comfort in word picturing: in enlarring mole hills into motntains and visa versa and in reading the sacred record of our creator to do away with a plain, "Thus saith

In Gen. 5, the letter press read-: '-Adam lived to be 930 years old and the other patriarchs had a similar longevty. This is what Moses records. Can there be a myth about this statement? Their names, dates of births and deaths, etc are given.

There never has been a government on the face of the earth so beautiful. The wisdom of prolonging miracalously the lives of these patriarchs for priests and goveroners of their children was wonderful. We must not forget that there was another side of the genus-homo specie. Cain and his genology were building cities and had fair daughters that captivated the Sons of God. From the birth of Noah to the flood, was a period in which Noah presumably would be the priest and governor, in this 600 year period the long-lived patriarchal contemporary family seemed to have ceased - Noah the sole ruler and priest. But when the Sons of God saw that the daughters of Men were fair, "they married them" ana raised giants and men of mighty renown."

Noah was born and preserved with his family to bridge over tJOO years of free agency rule, when the Sons of God had so much to do the Daughters of Men. That 000 years must have been the most sinful in the world's epochs of time. Terrible, horrible. devlish.

The righteous patriarch Jared .Methuselah and Lamech lived so nigh to the time of the Hood, they must have been cognizant of it as well as Noah. If all of the patriarchal age is mythical it certainly came from a fertile brain. If it is* defacto, it shows us the wisdom and beauty of the working of an all-wise < reator.

Explanation Of The Chart

I have had this engraving- made on a larger scale than the first Large engraving to show plainly the evident design of God's righteous dealing with the being made as the crowning piece of His second creation, MAN, under whose dominion He placed all life, animated and inaminated. His first creations only record is in the rocky crust of the earth, in the shape of molds and casts which of to us seems strangely formed figures We 6tudy them and place them in classes and orders as the Almighty mind made them and call it science.

The earths crust making in a measure, at least ceased. These strange forms of animal life have had their day. The air and water is purified and a new creation spoke into existence to inhabit the surface of the earth, the consummation of which is MAN: And to him there is a righteous and unrighteous side. God, by inspired pens has given us His dealings with the righteous side. Adam was created righteous and a helpmate given him - Eve. The life principle was given to him. To Eve was given to nourish and , sustain it. The first reproduction was Cain an unrighteous. The second, j Able, a righteous, but was slain by his wicked brother. This child, the pro- . genitor of the unrighteous side of mankind.

\ Man's age is given at 120years - Gen 6, 1-3. Adam's age was prolonged to 930 years, I think it was for the purpose ofa tribal governor and priest.

Seth the third righteous birth date given and his great length of life evilently for the same purpose. So with Enos, Canan, Mahalaleel, Jared, 5noch, Matthuselah, Lamech. The chart shows these to be contemporary, <i course having a combined wisdom. (This subject is dealt with elsewhere a this pamphlet.

Time measures to us 600 Kalendar years of the world's surface creation to he present time, a second creation made for man. The crust of the earth eneath the surface must have epochs of 1000 kalendar years, and six of the ord's 1000 year days (for we must not be ignorant of this one thing) that KE day is with the Lord as a thousand years * * * "The day of the Lord ill come as a thief in the night, in which the earth shall pass away.'' * * * tudents of prophesy informs us that there are six lines of prophesy from ibical authors terminating in about this our day.

It would seem, in looking over creation arguments that there are many eations divided into divisions of six; like the Mosaic account, showing uni. ;rsal parallels between His Word and His Works. There might be more irallels enumerated.

Following these epochs comes a rest epoch, a Sabbath. Much emphasis is iced by the scriptures upon the seventh day rest. Christ in the flesh ; precept and example taught us a sacred observation of it. A memorial of feation by Himself. This sanctified day is the day after the six days work is tnpleted. The Seventh - Saturday.

5od has commanded his representative Man to do no work upon that day. r his household, nor the stranger that might be with him * * * The Bible itains over l.r>0 passages and precepts urging the obscrvence of this sacred * by all men.

Are not our missionaries Americans'? Are they not under the flag- wherver they go? Is it not the bounden duty of America to protect them and ill her citizens at ail costs? Not so. Our missionaries go forth not as Amerains, but as Christains. Their only flag is the cross. To demand of the

What a humiliating situation in China with English missionaries under the English flag, German missionaries under the German flag, American missionaries under the American, and so on. If the sublime Porte will but rouse himself and send one of his crazy warships to defend the Mohammedan missionaries in China - if there be any such - our shame will be complete. ;. The climax of tragic inconsistency is achieved when it is seriously asserted that the American forces should not leave China until assurance is given that the converts of American missionaries shall be protected. In this case the flag not only steals a march en the cross, but practically captures it. '-Blood of the martyrs," indeed! A Chinaman converted by an American becomes in some sense an American - an American by brevet! And the "flag'' must cover him! A short and easy way of laying heoric foundations for the future church in China.

America occupies a point of great ventage. Church and state are here so clearly separated that it should be easy for American Christians to clear their minds of the fatal confusion between the spiritual principle and the secular arm. It should be easy for us to see that we can better all'ord to lose many millions of missionary property and many thousands of missionary lives than to take a step which shall lead the people of China to mix up in the idea of force with Christianity, to confound C;esar with Christ. There are some in America that would establish Christanity by force at home.

4. Is the first clay the seventh? Why do people disobey God's laws by sabbating on the first day of the week? Rest at the beginning- of the week's lavor is not placed right. It should be when the labor is done.

6 Nominal christians seem to love war. It is made a science. They kill by machinery. By war they enforce slavery upon a brother. They make war honorably.

10 Nominal christians do covet as much as non-professors. They drive sharp bargains, go to law with a brother. They jump over their profess* ion for gain. They arc not above the world in this respect and I may safely say in any other respect.

The precepts of the dccaloque are violated by nominal christians of our day. It is no wonder that Deism, Atheism and Pantheism are rampant. The precepts of Christ arc ail right, says an inlidal.

Christ's sermon on the Mount, chapters a, G, 7 of Matthew, in text is vio. lated ruthlessly by professed christians. They return evil for evil. They '-'; to law with each other. They swear by Jaw. They "backbite" with go Their dress is gaudy and fashionable. They build costly temples to wor --

Second Table The Two Covenants

God in. St. Join; saw none in bis heavenly vision. They employ high salaried preachers, making it a professional pursuit. They strive for riches. They hate their enemies. They make long- public prayers. The poor are not esteemed as are the rich. They are no more meek than their wordly brethern. They are poor peace-makes. The marriage vow is no more sacred than non-professors, hence who can wonder at the increase of disbelievers in Christianity. If the Decaloque and Christ's sermon on the Mount can be practiced to the letter what a pleasant society would exist. THE TWO COVENANTS.

How a God of love could make a bad covenant with man who is the consummation and glory of his creative work is a mystery hard to solve. Who can answer the question of when was God born. We learn from his written word that the Son and the Father were one and the world making was given to the Son to execute. All the covenants God made with his counterpart - man were for man's good. His chosen children Israel broke the lirst bargain and God made a better bargain with them. He never bartered away a good principal. Every '"jot and title" of the Decaloque was good. Water runs down hill by force of gravity. It never can disobey that law. The rising and setting of the sun is another of his unchangeable laws. His laws in ethics is as unchangeable as the rising and setting sun, Not a moral or a physical law established by God can be abrigated or changed in the least.

All of God's covenants were good. The lirst: the shedding of blood, typyfying Christ to come in the tiesh, and the offerings by the two first born, Cain and Able in their sacrifices. Here were offered fruit and blood sacrifices. The blood accepted, the fruit rejected. After the flood blood sacrifices was an ordinance established by the priesthood, having the favor of God with his chosen people. At times these ceremonies were had with the spirit left out. At such times the people were told that God had no pleasure in them and their services. In the Ark the Decaloque was placed inside and the laws of ceremonies in a pocket out 3ide, No candid, reflective person, non-professors or professor, but realizes this fact.

Proposition And Review

E. W. Bruce, President of the Wesieyan Methodist Church, who, I am told, has eharge of five conferer.ces, at Lyons, near Baraboo held revival meetings from September 5, to 23. He gave notice that Sunday evening, Sent. 23 would be his last sermon, and his subject would be "The Sabbath." The evening arrived and the church was filled to the utmo.-t. Mr. Bruce i* a retorical orator; courteous, intelligent. His plan would look as though he wished to give Sabbaterians a lash and then leave - an unchristian cowardly stroke of policy. There is a Sabbaterian organization in about Baraboo of about 35 or 40 members. I noted down the points of his sermon, bnt I do not think it profitable to spend much time in arguing upon this tender sublet. But candid discussion is desirable to be informed. Mr. Bruce is invited to defend his critcised sermon in a -public courteous manner. He being a talented man and representing popular opinions, 1 lake pleasure in placing his deduction-? in my little religious pamphlet Lb. at T am preparing. Another S. D A kept notes of his Sunday evening1, Sept 23 discourse PROPOSITION AND REVIEW take the place of ten, that was given at Sini. they were founded on n principle. The first was compulsion. savagry; even to taking of life if they did not keep them.

7. Those two laws were the two tables of the Decalogue. The four first pre- 2. True in part, but the decalogue cepts comprehends our dutv to God inciiue exist irom Adam to the rru , _ . _ -, A

The remaining six requires our duty to our fellow man. These two tables truly comprehend our whole duties in this life. To God and to man l,on these two hangfs the whole law and

3. All right. The Godhead of all gospel. God is love. Christ is no perfection would not arrange letters, more loveable than God. It is im- . words and sentances with the spirit puning God's righteousto cast reflection on him as a bad, wicked law-maker. It is death now to a person who

8. The people sat a day (resurecnew convenant was of man's make- tion day) for great re-jolcing. festivia gentile make. The laws of cermonies would be foolish after the type

I noticed. If I read aright we are to be judged by the Law of God and he i thatrthrows dirt in the Lord's face and abrigates his benign laws -may

11. Mr. Bruee was mistaken in this statemeut and I aver there is not a well read Catholic, (and most of them are in t'atacism) that will bear him

11. It is claimed by the Seventh prove from the Bible that the first Day Adventi>t that the Catholics day of the week, Sunday is the Sabchanged the day. ^The Catholics do bath, and says it was the Catholic not claim that they changed the day, church that changed the day.

Mr. Bruce in his closing remarks noticed that there was about one Sabbath keeper to 5 or 000 or a 1000 Sunday Sabbatarians. I took this as a compliment. Pleaseallow me to make a statement, viz: Take the Jew, the Seventh Day Baptist and Seventh Day Ad vantist are nearer in keeping the Command-

. ments of God than a thousand millions of first, day Sabbatists. There are more Buddists in the world than all other religionists put together.Why not join them? Or-why not join the Catholics? Unpopular christinity requires thought, truth and force of character to. keep a standing against popular false teaching. -Well, now my friend Bruce, I have done my duty in reviewing your Sunday

-sermon. The attack was made and a rebut calle d for. I had rather not for the quiet of our village you had opened the matter. This is printed and circulated, as a rebut to sophisticated errors. Thank you fur the opportunity for presenting truth as I understand it. What is there bad about the Seventh day Advents? J hey are a new >;ect of reformers, increasing rapidly. The Bible their only guide. 'J heir hycenic health restorim: plants have become popular. They eschew making a gaudy show of religion practices. They profess to keep the commandments of God the best they can which you declare are abrogated They are non-combatent. I have heard of but one Seventh Day Advent going to war. and he was drafted in the war of U. S rebellion. Refusing" to take the gun or sword, he was heavily punished. The government, by the order of the President than put him

There never has been a time in the world's history when a reform iriChristanity is more needed. Most of othodoxy agree with friend Bruce that God's laws of love are abrogated. They kill by machine guns and call it honorable They law with each other; have sectarian quarreis. Their priests haw "calls" and accept such that pays them best. They vote to license liquor saloons. United States is a drunken Christian nations. Divorces are common Aristocracy costly temples. They preach Christ and him crucified, and they crucify him daily. The consequences of all this is that Christainty is merged into infUality. But oh what beauties there is in true Christanity.

2. God ended his six periods of time days in framing the crust of the earth. These periods are destinctly marked and are peopled by low order of life largerly reptilian,1 which were inthe end destroyed and a cayotic period for a time existed. A SABBATH. I take Agazis, Winchell, Morris ami even Darwin, and the Bible in support of this pre-creation.

3. After the conditions of the earth were in a state for a higher order - 1 take Moses account - literal as given in the first chapter of Genises. A surface creation fitted to the wants of man; a consummation evidently from the beginning of all things and ending in man made in his own immage. Then HE, the great GOD rested and commanded his counter-part MAN to rest on the Seventh dayfrom his works as a memorial of H-I-M a SABBATH. It i^ senseable to sabbatise when a hard week's work is done and nonsensicle to Sabbatise before it is commenced.

Again we have another example given for our benefit by God the Son. He preached and wrought mericles for man's spiritual benefit, His own chosen people crucified him on Friday, the Sixth day of the week, He was buried in Joseph's tomb. On the Seventh day, Saturday, he rested there. SABBATH, Sunday, the First day of the week He was again in activity. These are pertinant reasons for Sabbating by command of Jehovah.

A country chosen, or rather made for a righteous people, the seed of one man Abraham after they had multiplied to about 500>000 souls were miraculously led by Moses to the promised land. This multiplication of Abraham's seed was in Goshen, in the rich delta of the river Nile. They preserved their identity rig-idly, notwithstanding- their servitude, and had increased according- to God's promise "as the sand of the sea."

Its Topography

It typifies the world in minature - a school house to educate his rig-hteous seed in. A mountainous region not rich in soil. Riches he does not g-ive them. ("a rich man can hardly enter the kingdom of heaven") Life is full of ethical mountains and desert plains. It is the souls of men, he wants not their riches. His birthplace was humble.His teaching's of a meek and lowly kind.

The River Jordan

head channels are in the Lebanon mountains, south end. Most of its branches are dry except in rainy season, but the main river bursts forth from the foot of Mt. Herman. This sacred river typiiies the life of man physically and spiritually. The cliff face of the mountains is several hundred feet hig-h above the opening- where the river bursts, forth, the birthplace of the sacred stream. It first falls into a pool, its cradle. Next wiggles and squeezes about like a playful babe, until it reaches lake Merum. It leaves its swadling clothes here, and puts on the playful clothing- of childhood, jumping- down between the rocks and flowtrs until Cinerath or the Sea of Galilee is reached. Here it spreads itself out into a sea full of life. Villas and cities grew upon its coast. Here Christ made his home upon earth; largely he walked upon its surface, and bade the storm cease.

The Jordan's mission is here fulfilled. But we pass on down its Sinuous course of old age - it gets below the general surface of Earth's face.

The life-giving- principles of its waters at Cinerath has gone to Him who gave it. It is now lowered into its grave 1,300 feet below the level of the Mediterranean surface - a Dead Sea, which has no outlet. A Hell, where the bitter salt becomes crystallzed and is no more water. There is not another river on the face of the globe that can so appropriately be made to fill these six natural conditions of animal life as the Jordan. Why? Because Palestine was God's school house, under the old Covenant, to educate His children in, and the scale of sixes seems to be His general law and this river runs through the center of His school house world as the verv lifeblood of it - a sacred river. These beautiful haruu.nies that exist between God's word and his physical world is strong proof of the truth of His Bible. When we see the truth and understand our weakness is it not wise to obey its wholesome commands which are "JUST and GOOD."

Old Covenant

old ^covenant keeping I the seventh day. He rested | the seventh da> in | the grave. He arose I on the first day of the week | and renewed and! finished His misBsion on earth and ascesfc nded to heaven CRUCIFllXION

Christ and his Apostles were Seventh-Day Advents. They kept the seventh day sabbath under both covenants. Christ as He ascended, promised His disciples thatHe would come again in like manner as He ascended. Hence, all christians should be like our great pattern, Jesus Christ and His Apostles. True, they were unpopular, crucified, boiled in oil. banished, stoned, ridiculed. Our present Seventh-day Advents are ridiculed, imprisoned, worked in chains with criminals, for doing what God, Christ and His Apostles did, commencing work on the first day of the week. God, Flis Son and His Apostles, were in theOldSabbatizing scriptures. M. A. N., in the New Covenant. Change the Day,

Source changes here: from The History of Sauk County, Wisconsin, Containing an Account of Settlement, Growth, Development and Resources ... Biographical Sketches ... the Whole Preceded by a History of Wisconsin, by Western Historical Co, published 1880; 41,946 words in this source stream.

Nature'S Wondrous Work

Devil's Lake - The Dells of the AVlsconsix - The Peeavit's Nest - The Upper and Lomer Narrows - Parphrey's Glen - Dorward's Gorge - Mirror Lake - The Devil's Post Office - Echo Rock - The Bee-Hive - Fern Dell - Congress Hall.

" Nestled close down between wild, rocky hills, Feeding no rivers and fed by no rills, Devil's Lake lies, like a jewel rare, Dropped from the Ocean's casket there."

Strangers coming to this delightful spot for recreation and pleasure or a brief surcease of business cares, are seriously perplexed to know why it is called Devil's Lake. " Blast me hey es," said a discerning English tourist, after returning from a trip on the '' Minnewaukan," " hi caan't see hanything that looks like the devil, you know." iSTor can any one explain the reason for applying to it so opprobrious a title. When the lake was first discovered by the whites, they called it Spirit Lake, because they were told by the Indians whom they found here that the daughter of one of their chiefs had drowned herself in it on account of a love affair, and that at certain stages of the moon her spirit could be seen floating over its smooth surface. From Spirit Lake, they say, it degenerated " into Devil's Lake; but the two words are so far from being synonymous that this explanation can scarcely be accepted. There is certainly nothing about the lake or in its vicinity that suggests the devil or his handiwork. On the contrary, there is everything to suggest something nearer heaven ; for here nature has toiled with a divine hand. The place is less romantic than picturesque. It is almost devoid of cozy glens and wild nooks arched with moss-covered rocks from which ooze springs of clear, cool water ; but there is something sublimely grand in the view obtained from almost any point. It is a perpetual object of interest, full of strange, inspiring beauty ; a home for poets and artists ; a retreat for lovers and misanthropes.

A current of fiction seems to pervade the surcharged atmosphere, and it is not surprising that love-tragedy tales are willingly related to those who will listen, by the few inhabitants thereabouts. It is said - and of course no one will dispute the authority - that in very early times, before white men came to till the lands, there was camped on the lake's shores for awhile, a roving Indian band. The dusky chief of the tribe had a bright-eyed daughter named Ke-she-ahben-o-qua, which in our language means the "early dawn." She is described as having been beautiful as dawn, with a slender form of swaying grace, and dark, sweet eyes, full of love. It was in the queen month of summer, splendid June, when the Indian band lit their camp-fires in the woods just back from a grassy slope near Devil's Lake. And by strange chance a hunter, who had strayed here from vine-wreathed France, strolled, weary and woe-begone, longing for sight of some human face. He discovered the lake, and, well-pleased with so beautiful a picture, wandered down to its shore. But Ke-she-ah-ben-o-qua had preceded him to that wild nook, for she loved the sky and its twin-sister in the water. So when Pierie's eyes caught sight of her, they were magnetized and spell-bound by her wonderful beauty. The shy Indian maiden was startled by the unusual presence of a white hunter, and she vanished among the trees like a scared bird. She was not averse to the stranger's face, and for a long time she pondered the mystery in her heart; but at night she found the pale-faced hunter in her father's tent, smoking the pipe of peace. A blush of recognition and a downward glance of the sweet eyes Ke-she-ahben-o-qua gave in return for Pierie's admiring look. From this their acquaintance grew and ripened into love. For months the French hunter camped with the Indian braves, and when the corn was ripe and rustled on its stalks, and the moon hung full in the sky, Pierie went to the Chieftain to ask of him his daughter ; and Windago, a young brave who had jealously watched Pierie and loved Ke-she-ah-ben-o-qua from afar off, went also. The old Chief gave a strange reply. Actuated by pride only, he led the rival lovers to the side of Devil's Lake, and pointed to a pine tree, high up in the crags of the opposite shore, in the topmost branches of which he had seen an eagle seek her nest. He said, "The chosen suitor shall be he who can first bring to me from yonder tree, an unfledged eaglet." Windago and Pierie were in their canoes and across the lake in a trice. They were pretty nearly even in scaling the almost insurmountable rocks to the base of the tree, but here Pierie gained upon Windago, and climbed the tree first. He went up, up, and - 0 ! victory - clasped the eaglet in his hand. But fierce Windago, seeing his adversary triumph, threw a glance of wicked hate upward, and gave the branch of the tree whereon Pierie's foot rested, a wrench that sent poor Pierie headlong, bleeding and lifeless on the rocks below. A wild cry, in falling, like the cry of a broken heart, the pale French hunter gave. And Ke-she-ah-ben-o-qua. Ah I she saw it all from the opposite shore of the sweet little lake, and, with a wail of despair, threw herself into the water, and her spirit went to meet her lover's on the Shadowy Plain. It is said that on moonlight nights, the shades of the lovers may be seen floating over the water. So it was named at first Spirit Lake.

" Woe to the warrior, maid or child, That meets the specter, weird and wild, Or hears the notes of the vengeful cry That fills the air as it passes by ! "

Notwithstanding the persistency of these ever-present " spirits " in flitting from rock to rock and hill-top to hill-top and skipping over the water at all hours of the night, regardless of the weather. Devil's Lake has become a favorite summer resort for large numbers of people from almost every clime. Its popularity is increasing from year to year, and its convenient location - situated on one of the principal railway lines running northwest from the great city of Chicago, the entrepot of America - brings it within easy access. Visitors, to the number of seventy or eighty, can find first-class hotel accommodations at the Cliff House - a structure built in Swiss style, with ample wings and verandahs, and surrounded by groves and walks, both natural and artificial - now under the management of W. B. Pearl, an experienced landlord. At the south end of the lake N. C. Kirk has erected a row of summer cottages with all the appurtenances to housekeeping. Each cottage will accommodate six or eight persons, and, as an evidence of their popularity, they are in constant use during the summer months usually devoted to quiet vacations by "city folk." Bathing, boating and fishing occupy the time of the pleasure seeker, either of these recreative pursuits being conducive to good health and amiable dispositions.

In 1868, a small steamboat, the " Capitola," was placed on the lake, but it soon proved to be too small a craft for the accommodation of visitors, and, in 1873, Capt. Thompson, who has an eye to the comfort of every one, built a larger boat, the " Minnewaukan," capable of conveying 150 passengers. A trip around the lake on the " Minnewaukan " is one of the most pleasant features in the long list of pleasant things with which the visitor meets.

The particular points of interest about the lake can be better seen and more thoroughly appreciated by a pedestrian tour over the bluffs ; though the most striking objects are pointed out from the deck of the "Minnewaukan." The curiosities of the east bluff, aside from the magnificent view, are the Devil's Doorway and Elephant Rock. The Doorway is situated over 400 feet above the lake's level, and is in the form of two well-defined columns of bowlder stone standing side by side, and reaching probably forty feet above the base. The top stone of each column appears to have fallen at the same moment, and, meeting each other over the aperture between, formed an arch or lintel.

Elephant's Rock is a large sandstone bowlder, some fourteen feet long and eight feet high. In form, it represents an elephant lying upon one side, with well-shaped head and ear. It is said that Capt. Thompson appropriated the ivory tusks, and that a Chicago traveling man secured the trunk. There are many other fantastically shaped rocks on the east bluff, which a

The especial features of the west bluff are the Turk's Head and Cleopatra's Needle, the latter being about fifty feet high, and standing out from the face of the bluff-wall in an attitude of perpendicular security. The Needle can scarcely be called an obelisk, which literally means a high, slender monument of one stone. The Supreme Architect has used many stones in the masonry of the Needle. Therefore it would not be a convenient article to transport, and when transported would be very difficult to reconstruct. Should Chicago become ambitious for an obelisk to perpetuate the memory of a wicked woman, as did Gotham, she may go elsewhere than Sauk County for it.

The Turk's Head is a rocky promontory which stands a short distance north of the Needle. The rocks comprising it appear to have been piled one upon the other, or left there when the bottom of the adjacent territory "dropped out." At a distance the huge mass has the outline appearance of the turbaned head of a Turk. The facial complexion is also of the Ottoman hue. The tall pines in front so obstruct the view that we are left in the dark as to whether this particular Turk occupies a sitting posture and smokes the serene nargile. After all, it may be only the head of a Turk severed from the offending body by a God-fearing Russian, or a gory-handed Circassian.

The impressions left upon the minds of those who visit Devil's Lake are naturally very marked. The awe-inspiring hills, with great quartzite bowlders clinging to their sides, and massive piles of sandstone heaped high above the soil-level of the adjacent peaks, are silent though eloquent witnesses of Nature's wonderful work. By what process did the result we see come about ? Let us consult the scientific mind. James H. Eaton, A. M., in a report on the geology of this region says : Running east and west through the center of Sauk County are two parallel ridges, with an average elevation of 400 to 500 feet and a base of two to four miles. The distance between them is three to four miles. The Baraboo River runs in this valley, and empties east into the Wisconsin. A north-and-south valley cuts half-way through the end of the southern ridge, and trends east toward the valley of the Wisconsin. In the north end of this valley lies Devil's Lake. The ridges are compact, crystalline sandstone, without cement, or quartzite. The predominant colors are pink and red, often banded with straight or contorted parallel lines of lighter or darker colors. In some places, the rock is a homogeneous white quartz with distinct and well-formed crystals. Both the nature of the rock and its position give evidence that it is metamorphic Potsdam sandstone. The rock presents all gradations, from the simple sandstone to the perfectly crystallized quartz. The Potsdam sandstone consists of smill, round grains of quartz, and is very loosely cemented. It can easily be crumbled with the fingers. Pieces of the quartzite may be obtained in all stages, from this friable sandstone to that where the grains are apparent and the rock is less friable, to that where the homogeneousness is here nearly approached, but the small grains can still be seen, and finally to the perfect homogeneous quartz. No sharp geographical line of demarkation between the sandstone and quartzite, and no gradation in any direction, is observed. The homogeneousness of the colored quartzite is not as perfect as it appears. Whenever a surface has been subjected to the weather, the small grains come to view again. The bandings of the quartzite are very similar to those in the undisturbed sandstone. These bands sometimes consist of layers of fine grains of sand. Some of the great blocks of quartzite, which have fallen down the sides of the valley, are most beautifully covered with regular ripple-marks. They must have been first made in the moving sands. The layers are nearly as perfect as in the sandstoxiC, and have a dip equal to the inclination of the ridges. The dip on either side can be seen best from the opposite side. The anticlinal ridge on the east side of the lake is removed by the valley, which trends to the east, and on the west by another valley, which comes down to the lake. Vertical joints also lead to the conclusion that the ridge has been formed by the upheaval of the horizontal layers of sandstone. The layers were not traced north and south to determine whether they are continuous horizontally. Both the nature of the rock and its position forbid the idea of aqueous fusion or active volcanic agency. The change must have taken place by the purely wet way of partial solution and crystallization, or by a low degree of heat, working for a long series of years, through the moisture in the sandstone, probably aided by the pressure which lifted the ridges, If the latter, the change and elevation of the rock took place at the same time, and both eflfects were produced with extreme slowness. The ridge must have been raised before the glacial epoch. Abundant proofs of the movement of glaciers over the rock since it has been metamorphosed have been discovered. In many places on the elevated portions, smoothly polished surfaces of quartz of great extent have been exposed by removing the soil. Before the glacial epoch, there seem to be no data for fixing the time of the elevating and metamorphic action. There has, therefore, been ample time for metamorphic action of the most extreme slowness.

Dr. Lapman has advanced the view that the Baraboo River once ran through this valley on its way to the Wisconsin, and was turned from its former course into its present one by glacial drift. If this view is correct, as the facts seem to warrant, this valley may have been made at any time from the Lower Silurian up to the glacial period. It is not necessary to introduce any great convulsion. The regularity of the layers would forbid any sudden and violent upheaval and cracking of the rock. The slowly-acting agencies of the atmosphere and of water can have thrown down the great mass of debris which lies on the south of the valley. The valley is about half a mile wide. The ridges slope up from two hundred to three hundred feet, as steep as the large blocks will lie upon each other, and the remaining height is a perpendicular wall cut by vertical fissures into most fantastic shapes, with natural fortifications and castles, turrets and towers, making one of the most charming bits of landscape in our State. A word in evidence that the Baraboo River formerly ran through the valley and was turned aside by the glacier drift: The surface of the lake is thirty feet above the court house at Baraboo, and one hundred and sixty feet above the Wisconsin River to the south. The lake is more than thirty feet deep, and has a bottom of sand. There is, therefore, a sufficient descent. The valley is a natural course for the river, and running water would have given it some of the features of its present form. In the valley, both north and south of the lake, there is an abundance of drift. In a few hours, a large variety of northern rocks was collected - granite, syenite and Lake Superior rocks. They, with sand, have filled up a deeper valley to such a height that the river finds a new course to the Wisconsin.

There is another point of great interest in this region, which does not appear to be easy of solution. On the top of the ridge, and in lines running north and south, are conglomerated bowlders. These are local, and do not extend far to the south of the southern ridge. They consist of rounded, water-worn pebbles, and large bowlders of quartzite imbedded in friable sandstone. Some of these conglomerated bowlders weigh many tons. They are evidently deposited at a very little distance from the place of their origin. Evidently, in this immediate neighborhood, pieces of quartzite have been for a long time subjected to running water, and have formed themselves in a bed of sand, which has been hardened, and some moving cause has carried them into their present position. The place and time and agencies which have produced these eflfects demand a more careful and close study. There are also signs of a secondary metamorphic action in some of the quartzite. A number of specimens were obtained, which were homogeneous, but contained large numbers of rounded pebbles, of the same quartzite, or of white quartz, firmly imbedded in them.

It is the opinion also of the State Geologist that this valley has been at some time the passage of a largo stream. The large size of the valley, he thinks, suggests that it may have been the passage of the ^Visconsin River, which at the close of the glacial period found its ancient channel obstructed by the great drift heaps that are now to be seen in it. If this is a correct view, he says, the river (the Wisconsin) must have had a passage through what is now known as the Lower Narrows of the Baraboo, "a much wider channel than is needed by that small stream."

The Narrows spoken of by the State Geologist bear a close resemblance to some parts of the Dells of the Wisconsin, and this gorge, like the Dells, was in all probability cut through by the action of water foi'cing itself down from the north and v^est - first finding an outlet through the smallest imaginable crevasse^ and gradually wearing away the rocks until the entire stream of water flowing in from above could pass through. The State Geologist offers this explanation of the origin of the valley of Devil's Like as a suggestion only. The Baraboo, he says, may be the stream to which the work should be allotted, " but, if so, we must imagine it to have been a much larger and more powerful stream than now." Very true ; and in all probability it was a much larger stream than now- There is pretty good evidence that at one time the Baraboo River was a much larger stream than the Mississippi is now, and that it covered the entire area now known as the Baraboo Valley. This being true - and the proposition is not only reasonably plausible in the very nature of things, but is substantiated by the testimony of a very large number of learned men in regard to the former size of other rivers - we must accept the theory advanced by Prof. Eaton that the Baraboo did pass through the valley of Devil's Lake, and, further, that the valley was none too large to accommodate it. Accepting this theory, then, leads also to the conclusion that the valley between the point where is now located the village of Baraboo, and what is now the Lower Narrows, was once an inland sea, so to speak, and remained so until the pressure of the water forced an outlet through the rocks (the Narrows). The course of the river then changed from the valley of the Devil's Lake to its present channel.

The Dells

About two miles north of the south lines of the counties of Juneau and Adams, the Wisconsin River, which for many miles above that point is very broad and flows lazily along, metaphorically turns upon edge and rushes with a deep and sometimes deafening roar through a narnow, crooked gorge seven and one-half miles in length. This narrow passage is cut throuD^h high grounds (or, more properly, through a mountain of sandstone), which, after bounding the river valley on both sides for a great distance northward, gradually approach and join. The lower or south end of this gorge terminates a short distance above Kilbourn City, at a point where the north line of Sauk County strikes the Wisconsin River. The stream flows on across the north line of Section 4, in Township 13 north, of Range 6 east, with a course bearing to the eastward, crossing into Section 3, but soon turning back again into Section 4. Here a dam crosses the river. All above this point is known as the " Upper Dells." From this dam is seen Columbia County and the village of Kilbourn City, in the town of Newport, on the right; Sauk County and the town of Delton, on the left ; the river forming the boundary between the two counties. Below the dam - or, what is specific enough, below Kilbourn City - are the "Lower Dells," where the river again turns upon its edge, but less ferociously than before, and continues in this peculiar attitude for another seven miles, the east side being in Columbia County and the town of Newport ; the west side in Sauk County and the town of Delton ; but the general trend of the Wisconsin is toward a southeast course, in the ''Lower Dells." At the point where the river loses its characteristics of a gorge, it is called "the Foot of the Dells."

Just how long the " Old Wisconse " has been traveling through these gorges, no one will pretend to say. There are good reasons for believing, however, that this rock-walled pathway is not very ancient in comparison with the age of the earth. The river, which is believed at one time to have passed to the east of the high grounds referred to, doubtless forced its way through the soft sandstone of these hills by degrees, something after the manner of the Baraboo's passage through the Narrows.

Throughout the whole length of the narrow passage, from the " Upper Jaws " to " the Foot of the Dells," fanciful names have been given to the most striking objects and places. Beginning at the dam and traveling up the river, the first striking feature of the gorge is Angel Rock, situated about one-half mile from the steamboat landing in Kilbourn, on the right-hand side of the river. It is a rugged projection, curiously shaped. This lofty crag a lively imagination can easily transform into a huge angel with outspread wings ; hence the name. It is also called Marble Rock, from the peculiar little round lumps of sandstone found on the ledge and in the river below.

Swallows Rock, or where the swallows live, is a little further along on the same side. In early spring and summer, thousands of beautiful little swallows may be seen here in the brown cliffs, occupying innumerable holes in the rock, safe from danger, and the happiest family to be found anywhere. Their jolly twittering can be heard far out upon the water.

The Jaws of the Dells, or entrance to the Dells proper, are guarded by two immense rocks - High Rock and Romance Cliff - standing like sentinels on duty and sternly looking down in their stately grandeur, as if disputing the right of man to explore the intricate passage beyond.

High ^Rock, on the right, rises from fifty to seventy-five feet above the river. It presents a rugged, rough aspect, with curiously shaped sides, and has a meager growth of stunted pines, birch, and other trees and foliage.

Romance Cliff, on the left, is a grand old pile of stately rocks, covered with a dense growth of trees and shrubbery. It is somewhat higher and more stately than its vis-a-vis, High Rock, and has much more of the curious and wonderful in its make-up and general appearance. It is suggestive of the stately crags and beetling cliffs of the weird and grand scenery of the Rocky Mountains.

Chimney Rock is one of nature's singular freaks, left standing for innumerable ages, formed by the action of the wild waters, looking like the old-fashioned stick and mortar chimney of the days of the forefathers. Standing- out from the cliff behind, it looks as if the touch of a child's finger would topple it into the river. It is on the right, just beyond High Rock.

Echo Cove. - A most pleasing echo can be heard here. It repeats everything, and is a beautiful place for bathing and enjoying a quiet hour in a cool, pleasant retreat.

The Dell House, "a wild, rambling old rookery," on the left, is one of the first frame houses ever built on the river above Portage. It was erected in the year 1837-38, by Robert V. Allen, and for many years was used as a tavern.

Chapel Gonje is the next point on the right hand, and nearly opposite the Dell House. It is a beautiful, shaded glen, and is named from the peculiarly shapen rock at its entrance, resembling a chapel or place of worship. The Gorge is pleasant and shady.

Boat Gave is just beyond the Chapel, on the same (east) side of the river. It should always be visited to be appreciated, although a general idea may be had from the steamer's deck. It is one of the most peculiar formations, showing the action of the water upon the soft sandstone. It can only be traversed in a small boat. Beginning with a perfectly arched doorway, only large enough to admit an ordinary skiff, it opens out in a vaulted chamber in the solid rock of the cliff, then turns at right angles and, through another hall with a water floor, ends in a large door farther up the river.

Circle Bend is the next place of interest in ascending the stream, where the river and rocks form a half-circle. The rocks are high and bold, presenting a cliff of solid masonry, formed and carved and hewn and worn into a wall of adaitiant by the action of the whirling waters. Its top is covered with a dense growth of cedar, hemlock, pine, birch, oak and all the many varieties of ferns and shrubbery that so abundantly abound throughout the Dells.

Sturgeon Rock, on the left, is a bold, projecting rock, resembling a sturgeon. Here we enter upon the looked-for wild grandeur of the Dells.

Navy Yard is on the left of Sturgeon Rock, and is one of the most picturesque and wonderful formations on the river. Here the imagination pictures huge stone vessels of war, with prows and sides and ribs so solid and stanch that for ages they have withstood the battles and warring of the waters, and, as time has rolled on, they have become more complete and shapely in form and build. Bold guardians are they of the Narrows.

Fjdtiin Grotto is a long, deej) opening - a rift in the face of the cliff from top to bottom - extending back some forty feet into the rugged wall of rock. It is on the opposite side from the Navy Yard.

Gates Ravine, also on the right, is a few hundred yards further up the stream, and extends back from the river nearly a mile. It is a delightful place for a ramble, and is filled with beautiful furns and flowers, tall cliffs, rugged crags and sparkling streams.

Skylight Cave is a very similar opening to that of Eaton Grotto, and is just at the head of the Navy Yard, on the same side of the river as the latter. Here, with a small boat, one can seek the deep recess of the rock for upward of a hundred feet, lighted only by a little rift in the rocks overhead. It is a delightful place to visit.

The Narroivs. - Here the river suddenly narrows to the width of only fifty-two feet, and the water is eighty feet in depth. The river is now running upon its edge, hemmed in on either side by ponderous rocks. In low water, the current is nearly as calm and placid as at any point on the Dells, but when the river is up, the raging waters come pouring through this narrow gorge with great force.

The Old Bridge. - In the year 1850, Schuyler S. Gates erected a substantial bridge across the Narrows. This was the first bridge ever built across the Wisconsin, and was used for a number of years. Thousands of teams and passengers paid toll here. It was carried away by the high water of 1866.

Black Hawk's Cave can now be seen on the left hand. It was here (the legend hath it) where the old chief hid safe and secure in the days of the Black Hawk war.

Notch Rock. - This is (to raftsmen) the dread of the Narrows. It is a square, bowlderlooking rock, on the left, and is known as Raftsmen's Terror, on which in high water, rafts are sometimes broken, and lives lost. It can be seen close down to the water's edge.

Artist's Grlen. - This is one of the most beautiful ravines on the river. It is on the right, nearly opposite Rattlesnake Rock. This glen is delightful for picnic grounds, and has a large number of fine butternut and other trees, aflFording an elegant retreat.

Sliding Rocks are here upon either side of the stream, and are so called from their peculiar formation, the sides being oval-shaped and sliding inward, throwing the water to the center of the stream.

The Ancient River-Bed is seen as a sand bank on the left. In an early day, the river divided here, and a part ran around, coming out and uniting with the main river at or below the Dell House, forming a large island.

Coldwater Canyon. - This canyon requires a full half-day to explore thoroughly. It is one of the grand features of the Dells. You proceed through a rocky defile and under frowning crags - a glory of cavern and valley. Far-distant archways are seen overhead. Here one scrambles and slides, between towering chasm walls so near together that both sides can be reached at once by the hands. In this canyon fourteen varieties of ferns are found, including one that is fragrant. Finally, you come to the

DeviVs Jug. - In a moment you reach a deep, wild, narrow gorge, walled in with rocks, which are in some places almost vertical, and in others overhanging the pathway. The gorge is 80 narrow that we do not see the Jug until we step inside of it, and look around with wondering curiosity upon its splendid curves and magnificent proportions. It is, of course, a broken jug, the ravine extending through and beyond it for a considerable distance, and on one side the lines are imperfect, owing, doubtless, to the unusual hardness of the rocks ; but the other side is hollowed into a perfect resemblance of the inside of an immense jug, as smoothly fashioned as if turned upon a potter's wheel. The entire width of the jug is about thirty-five feet at the bottom, and its height is not far from seventy feet. The rift at the top is quite narrow, admitting light enough to see with tolerable distinctness, but leaving the upper part of the cavern in twilight gloom. The gorge beyond the Jug is passable for some distance. A ramble through this vast caijyon, and a visit to the Jug will afford a world of pleasure. All the many varieties of ferns and mosses may be gathered here.

The DeviVs Arm Chair. - You will wonder why his Satanic Majesty should perch his chair in such a place, unless he, too, is an admirer of the wonders of nature. It is on the left and but a short distance up the river from Coldwater Canyon. The next place of note is the

Clam Banks, in which nothing is to be found except the name to remind us of the delicious bivalves gathered on the shores of Narragansett Bay, unless, in imagination, a collection of prodigious stones is converted into clams.

Ruffle Rocks are upon each side of the stream, and would look well on the shirt fronts of the giants of olden days. They adorn with becoming grace the river's sides for a longdistance.

Chameleon Cave is a seam in the bank, and can only be visited by climbing a ladder from the steamer's deck, f^oing to the high bank, and then down into the earth. You will need the light of a lantern and guide to reach the bottom. It contains beautiful changing mosses. It is on the right just above Steamboat Rock.

Steamboat i2oc^ challenges especial attention. It stands on an island in a curious circular cove, and resembles, from some points, a huge ocean steamer, without smoke-stack and wheel-house. It is about 2.50 feet long by 100 feet wide and some 40 to 50 feet in height,' with perpendicular, rugged sides and covered with pine, oak and shrubbery.

Rood's Grlen. - This is just beyond Steamboat Rock, on the right. It is a large cavern, and if it were near a large city would be made useful as a lager-beer hall.

Arch Cove is a delightful place for picnic parties. It is here one can get the best view of the many islands at the head of the Dells, and of the river for a long distance. The Cove is a beautiful, shady recess, and contains an elegant spring of pure, fresh water. It is on the lefthand side of the river. Nearly opposite, on the right side of the river, at the upper jaws of the Dells, is the

Witches' Crulch. - At the head of the Dells, on the right, extending three-quarters of a mile from the shore, will be found this remarkable gulch. The precipitous rocks tower aloft on either side to the height of perhaps a hundred feet, their sides being worn smooth and their ragged edges rounded off by the long-continued action of the water. One can almost touch with outstretched arms both sides of this gloomy gorge, which surpasses in grandeur anything hitherto seen in the Dells. The rocks overhead are in many places shelving and rounded into immense scallops. The stream through this wild pass is in many places waist-deep. It contains many curious points - a miniature waterfall, Phantom Chamber, Fairy Grotto, and hundreds of other remarkable features.

The Islands. - From the head of the Dells, or " Upper Jaws," a fine view of the river, bluffs and islands, is had for a long distance. This view is often compared to a similar scene in Lake George. Above the Dells the river " spreads itself" all over the country, as it were, and is full one-half mile in width and very shallow, the water in summer being not over one or two feet in depth. About three-fourths of a mile above Witches' Gulch, are seen on the left bank, a number of interesting points.

Hornets' Nest has the shape, and at a short distance the general appearance of an immense hornets' nest. It serves as a pillar in front of a natural portico, the rock having in the course of time been washed out, leaving a flat roof overhead, with the Hornets' Nest as its principal support. Passing through the archway formed by this singular rock, we ascend and follow the hillside for a few rods, and presently stand in

Luncheon Hall. - The waters have at some remote period swept through here with great force, wearing a passage through and under the rocks, and leaving the flat rocks which formerly stood at the " top of the heap," as a natural roof for the hall, which is of considerable extent. The roof has a single break, a few inches wide ; otherwise it is perfect ; and the rocks which support it furnish convenient seats and tables. Located on the top of a ridge, the hall presents a grand appearance to the spectator at a distance, and commands a fine view of the river. Once within its massive portals, awe gives place to curiosity, and the visitor finds pleasure in observing the odd shapes which the rocks have assumed under the slow but persistent action of the current which once swept the Wisconsin Valley, leaving its impress on every hill, and cut- ting its way through the rocks until it formed the romantic channel through which the river now runs. A short distance from Luncheon Hall, is found the wonderful

Stand Rock. - To reach this, one must ascend the bank a short distance and follow along the edge of the ridge, coming to the rock upon the upper side. The top of the rock - a large sandstone slab - is nearly as level as the floor, and its superficial area is about 18x24 feet. A pathway leads to the foot of it, and the view from below is more interesting than that from above. The water-rounded column which supports the super-poised tablet is of rather irregular shape and is sixty-two feet high. With the neighboring rock, a sort of arch is formed, somewhat resembling the cavernous opening at Luncheon Hall. All around is a scene of beauty. The hills are covered with trees clothed with magnificent summer foliage ; a fine farm, trees and shrubs spread out up-riverward, and the glen is full of ferns and flowers in great profusion.