Darlington City (part 4 of 7)

With this exordium, the paper was launched upon the tide of popularity, and floated with the current. It was received with applause, so say those who welcomed its advent, and presented an appearance of news, make-up and typographical finish which commended it to encouragement. The paper was a folio, with six columns to the page, printed in brevier and nonpariel, and contained much to instruct, edify and amuse. The first page was occupied with a poem by Willis, an original sketch by Faustus, and some brief miscellanies; the second page with editorials and locals, and the third and fourth pages with selections, and the remunerative "ad." Among the latter was a notification to the public that Martial Cottle had just received a wellselected stock of groceries, Samuel Rickert a choice variety of dry goods, that George W. Lee, M. D., would minister to frames diseased, that Cobb & Messmore would defend the cause of justice, of the La Fayette House, Mansion House, the livery of Herren & Bro., the drug store of D. W. Carley, the notion depot of C. H. Lamar, with a number of "illuminations" from foreign parts, including " write-ups," expatiating upon the literary and social superiority of the New York Tribune, the Saturday Evening Post, Democratic Revieiv, Household Words, The Globe, Hunt's, Arthur s and Grahavis Monthlies, etc., etc.

In the number issued July 12 following, the paper presented an improved appearance, and felicitated itself that it had become an established fact, rather than a transient visitor. The occasion was availed of by the editor to define his position, personally, politically and professionally more at length and in detail. The Pick and Gad should be conducted for the advantage of the public, fearlessly and with candor. Unrelenting war would be prosecuted against men bankrupt in morals, who are blotches upon the body politic, and should not be permitted to engender and foster corruption.

The political feature of the paper would be purely and emphatically Democratic, aiming to promote the greatest good of the greatest number. Professionally, the editor would aim to disseminate sound morality, correct principles of life, and sentiments of profound respect for pure religion. The price of the paper was established at $1.50 per annum. It was printed on an old-style Washington hand press, now owned by the Darlington Democrat, and edited and set up in a building on Water street, still standing opposite the bank of G. W. Douglas.

But three numbers of the Pick and G-ad were issued before Mr. Nimocks appreciated the responsibility incumbent upon him to execute the trust he had set out to discharge with fidelity, and felt himself unequal, single handed, to do so satisfactorily. Acting upon this conclusion, he associated Samuel G. Bugh with him, and apportioned the duties between them, which he had, up to that time, disposed of unaided. The firm was known as Bugh & Nimocks, which was the only change effected, its political and other features continuing unaffected thereby.

While the paper was active in ventilating affairs, or men that in any way tended to deceive, distract or defraud its readers, the editor was equally prompt to recognize merit, and advertise the advantages accruing to those who patronized its presence. About this time, the mines were worked with a diligence and success that has never since been experienced, and the Pick and G-ad began the publication of a series of articles illustrating the richness of the lodes in La Fayette County - their accessibility to laborers, and the immense profits to be derived from them. They were well written, and attracted no inconsiderable attention from capitalists. In fact, the paper employed all legitimate means to attract settlers - increase the volume of business, and aid the people in accomplishing an independence. Railroads and other enterprises designed to develop the internal resources of the village, township, county, State or nation, were warmly supported, and their encouragement earnestly advocated, and the absence of railroad communication from Shullsburg is owing to agencies other than the press. The editors opposed taxation, yet favored this means as those alone by which improvements could be perfected. It was opposed to town organization, because the system would derive its support from the limited number of residents who were liable for taxes. The county at that time (January, 1854) contained 11,000 inhabitants, one-half of whom resided in three towns, leaving twelve towns with an average of 458 inhabitants to each, about one-fifth of which, at most, were tax-payers. It was not considered equitable or just, to compel ninety tax-payers to support a system with the machinery and expense required by a town of 5,000 inhabitants. In spite of this opposition, however, the system obtained, and has answered the objects of its creation, without demurring, up to the present.

The office of the paper was continued in the home of its birth, metaphorically speaking,, until the 1st of May, when it was removed to a building on Court street, east of the court house. This change of base was accomplished without more than a passing mention, nor was publication made of the procurement of new material, Ihe inseparable concomitant of similar changes. The "new dress" was not needed, for mechanically, the Pick and G-ad appeared as fresh as when first issued. With the close of the first volume was solved the question as to whether the venture would succeed. It had lived and enjoyed a vigorous existence, with a promise for the future by no means discouraging. The telegraph had been employed to furnish its quota of news from all parts of the world - the local field was fully covered - the editorials trenchant and forcible, and the market reports the best that were in those days available.

With the issue of October 4, 1854, the retirement of S. G. Bugh from the editorial tripod was announced. The two-fold individuality of editor and man Mr. B. decided to exchange for that single blessedness of being in which man enjoys a more unlimited peace of mind than ia experienced when his ordinary duties are coupled with those of an editor. He was succeeded by Hamilton H. Gray, in whose able hands the paper flourished, and became one of the most widely circulated papers published in the country districts of the State. The sheet was thereafter controlled under the firm name of Gray & Nimocks until the date of its permanent suspension. This untoward, it might be added unexpected, event, coming as it did at a time when indications seemed to assure an unending prosperity, caused feelings of disappointment and regret to per- vade the county. These feelings found frequent expression in interrogatories and surmises, which, in default of satisfactory explanations, were indulged in frequently. Why this state of affairs existed, or why the collapse could not have been avoided, were conundrums equally as impossible of solution as the locum in tenens of the " land that is fairer than day." The PicJe and Gad had gone the way of journalistic enterprises while it was yet young, and was beyond the hope of resurrection while yet the lines of its life were cast in pleasant places. It was missed by its readers, who mourned the untimely demise of their favorite and refused to be consoled. The Providence whose eye and hand are the spy and executioner of life amid all its changes, refused to bring back the defunct sheet and renew it with life, but the managers, readers, creditors and exchanges, though the shock was severe and the burden grievous, were consoled by the reflection that a new dispensation would be substituted, in which past promises would be fulfilled and the deficiencies of a former day would be fully atoned for.

The La Fayette County Herald - A folio of seven columns to the page, printed in brevier, and generally one of the most perfect evidences of the art preservative to be found in La Fayette or any county in the West, made its debut as a candidate for popular favor on February 1, 1855, under the mentorship of James R. Rose and H. N. Gray.

When the Pick and Gad suspended, as has already been intimated, influential citizens residing in different parts of the county expressed a hope that a permanent aud respectable paper should be established and conducted in a manner that would properly present and protect the common weal. Business, professional and mining interests felt the humiliating position and rank La Fayette would occupy among sister counties in being deprived of a newspaper. Such being the case, the demand for a paper became imperative, and Messrs. Rose & Gray were induced to make the venture. Accordingly, they purchased the press and materials with which the Pick and Gad had been published, together with such other type and mechanical appurtenances as were necessary, and essayed the establishment of a journal which should be permanent and creditable to the county of La Fayette.

They proposed to promote the various interests of the county and to render the sheet valuable to all classes. It would embrace in its columns the earliest intelligence of the day, miscellany, statistics, politics, and, in the season, a synopsis of the proceedings of the Legislature. In politics, the paper would be moderate, but firmly Democratic, as the editors understood those principles, without following the lead of cliques or demagogues. Its columns would be open to a fair discussion of political principles and measures, but closed to all personal controversies. It would support the national, State and county administrations in all matters deemed to be right, just, and for the interests of the people, and condemn those believed to be of a contrary character. In religion, it would be entirely neutral. The selected articles would be the best that could be obtained - sufficient to make the Herald an .interesting family paper. With these inducements, the generous public was asked to extend such support as might be deserved.

In all these respects, the pledges made were performed. Politically, it was Democratic of the most pronounced type, and no peculator or demagogue was sustained because of his unmixed "locofocism." All questions of public interest were fairly and ably discussed, the editors holding themselves as the agents of the citizen to warn him of intended fraud, and advocate the cause of justice. Religiously, it was neutral, the claims of sects being held as obligations to which those immediately interested were alone empowered to discharge. Its miscellanies comprehended poetry and fiction, agricultural, mining and mechanical statistics and news of value to readers, and tending to educate and refine. At the time the Herald began to assume prominence among the publications in this portion of the State, railroads were a luxury enjoyed at a distance. The Illinois Central was in process of building west of Galena, and the question of directing a route through La Fayette County being generally agitated. Though nothing came immediately, it was to the eff'orts then made that the road to Mineral Point was subsequently surveyed and completed, and the ultimate success of this enterprise is attributable in a marked degree to the advocacy of improvements made in the columns of that paper. Its voice was always for improvement, for the erection of institutions of learning, the incorporation of associations for the development of the mines, the laying-out of roads, and all other accessories of civilization in which the whole West was, in those days, comparatively deficient.

During the first year of its experience, the Herald awoke to a realization of the fact that another Richmond, in the Patriot and Flag, had taken the field and proposed to dispute the claims for patronage put forth by its established rival. The Patriot was ushered into existence on the 27th of March, 1855.

Among the articles published about this time were a number descriptive of life in the coal mines, which were designed to illustrate the trials and triumphs of miners, and are said to have emanated from one who has since established somewhat of a literary reputation. They were re-published in a number of exchanges, and, graphically portraying the accidents and incidents of life in the mines, were universally read. In those days, there were no Bullock presses, with capacity of "running ofi"" an edition of 50,000 copies an hour, no telegraphic dispatches compared with to-day, no telephones, elevators, stereotypes or other aids so common to modern journalism. An editor must needs be an artist professionally, and also a man of brawn to labor and direct. The success of every early publication required these essentials, and the Herald was no exception.

With the issue of January 24, 1856, the first volume of the paper was concluded, and the second year commenced under favorable auspices. No change was made in the personnel or policy of the Herald, which continued to advocate Democracy.

Almost with the dawn of the second year's history of the Herald, a change was made in its management. Messrs. Rose and Gray retired, and were succeeded by J. J. Marvin. The absence of the gentlemen who, as responsible editors, introduced the paper to the public, and sustained its growth and gradual development, from the place of publication, necessitated this change. It was thought necessary for some one to reside at the place of weekly issue, to more directly nurture its improvement and become responsible for its utterances. That these ends might be better subserved, Mr. Marvin undertook the charge of which Rose and Gray were relieved with the issue of February 21, 1856. Politically, the paper would remain the champion of National Democracy. Local matters would be treated of freely and impartially, without indulging offensive personalities. In the conducting of the paper, Mr. Marvin would have the frequent assistance of the able and energetic gentleman who had preceded him, and the effort would be made to render it a journal of general interest to the inhabitants of the county.

This effort, as the sequel proved, was not entirely unsuccessful. Editorially, the Herald maintained its previous character for plain, unvarnished statements of fact and opinion, which had the effect, it was asserted, of increasing its circulation, influence and resources. Locally, this condition of afi'airs was duplicated. In those days, local news was "scarce," and likewise inaccessible. It was usually made up of personals, marriages and deaths. The sensational in journalism had not been improvised or appropriated when the Herald was the mark and model of its time in La Fayette County. But the genius of the editor, in advance of the days in which he flourished, provided abundant "matters" for the amusement, instruction and consideration of his readers, which was greeted with approval, and enabled him, by an increased patronage, to secure a pronounced and profitable success.

In the issue of March 20, 1856, was begun a series of historical and descriptive sketches of La Fayette County, in alphabetical rotation, beginning with Argyle Township. These publications were continued through succeeding numbers until the material became exhausted, and, though brief, and being made up mostly of statistics, are said to have been admired for their accuracy, as also the means of perpetuating many facts in connection with the county that would otherwise have been lost to posterity.

The aim of the editor, apparently, seemed to be to contribute to the information of his readers, and, in accomplishing this object, he employed every available means. Argument, history, poetry, wit, etc., were utilized to that end, and the belief is ventured that he did not entirely fail.

During the second year of its existence, the paper increased in circulation and popular favor to a greater extent, it was then claimed, than any other journalistic venture theretofore published in the county; and this will be readily believed by a glance at the "make-up" of that day, which embraced editorials, locals, brevities, selections and other pleasing features, on every known subject, and is cited on subjects the times gave birth to.

But by this time, drawbacks upon the prosperity of a new country, before its resources had been developed, and the privations incident to pioneer settlers in a region of wilderness, had been materially diminished. The settlers had time to cultivate the arts and sciences, and this necessitated the editors catering to their wants. In doing so, the Herald^ s mentor builded knowingly, and his patrons, appreciating the efforts made, responded in a manner both substantial and encouraging.

When the platform submitted at the Cincinnati Convention was promulgated, the Herald adopted the principles therein set forth and supported the nominees. At the expiration of Mr. Marvin's apprenticeship of one year, the mechanical and editorial management of the Herald was changed, E. Pickard assuming both, by virtue of a transfer of the title to him for a consideration legally valuable. The paper continued to espouse the cause of Democracy. At this time, ShuUsburg was the most flourishing town in the county. Vigorous enterprise and the application of capital to mercantile, mechanical and manufacturing purposes had given it a rapid growth. The publication of a journal in a town like this was an important undertaking, requiring the greatest diligence, care, labor and perseverance, on the one hand, with a liberal patronage and an appreciative public for its support. Both factors realized these indispensables and both factors endeavored to meet the requirements. The paper improved in all its parts, and merited the support of the citizens of La Fayette County, who responded liberally and aided in its success. The year closed with reasonably bright prospects for the future, and with the announcement that the issue of March 19, 1858, was the final of the La Fayette County Herald. The next issue would be an enlarged sheet, with a new dress and all the auxiliaries to a complete oflice, deserving of support and indulgence. These promises were all fulfilled, and, on March 26, 1858, a new paper was ushered into life under the name of

The South- We stern Local. - The reconstructed journal accordingly appeared on time, and looked in upon its subscribers with a bright face, presenting a comely appearance and cheering, by its presence, the home and the workshop. The new birth, so to speak, was christened by H. S. Magoon, then of Shullsburg, but now of Darlington, and contained many features of excellence, which, though they have since become extremely ordinary attractions, were novelties in those days. Among these were a ladies' department, under the charge of a lady editor, and a department devoted to the interests of farmers. In the former were to be found the latest fashions, rules of etiquette and other matters that, it thought, would prove interesting and beneficial to the ladies of La Fayette County ; the farmers' column was filled with agricultural excerpts, laws and suggestions.

A month's experience persuaded Mr. Pickard to a conclusion, that the responsibilities imposed upon him were of a character that could not be avoided, and to discharge them properly necessitated assistance such as neither of the department editors were able to furnish. Acting upon this conclusion, Egbert E. Carr was brought hither from Rome, N. Y., and associated in the business. The firm was thereafter known as Pickard & Carr, and proved itself worthy of unmeasured confidence. Not that it was able to avoid the annoyances incident to the profession; so delightful an experience is never enjoyed by members of the " Fourth Estate."

The first volume closed with the issue of March 25, 1859, and, though the period of its publication had been fraught with changes and disappointments, the support which had been extended enabled the proprietors to continue their service and aid in promoting the prosperity of the county. The appearance of the initial number of Volume II, indicated that the proprietors had procured a partial new dress for their protege. The fonts of type which had told many tales, both true and false, which had advertised earthquakes, suicides, bank defaulters and broken banks, boilers bursted, duels fought ; which had related of floods, fires, accidents, pestilence, births, marriages and deaths ; which brought joy to some, to others grief - had lost their beauty and utility, and, being without merit or value, had been cast aside, and others substituted in their stead. This improvement was supplemented by enlarging the paper itself, the third volume being introduced to subscribers as an eight-column folio, and in all respects bearing a favorable comparison with its older and more prosperous coteraporaries.

The partnership was continued until September 27, 1861, at which date Mr. Carr's interest in the Local ceased. " Circumstances over which he had no control, of a political and not personal character," influenced this dissolution, and Mr. Carr proceeded to Monroe, where he purchased a weekly paper. The administration of these gentlemen had been successful in all respects. During the campaign of 1860, the Local supported Douglas as against Breckenridge, Bell and Lincoln. When the result was announced, and was followed by the firing upon Sumter, the editor insisted that every lover of his country must then take a position. It was not whether he was a Democrat or Republican, but was he for sustaining the Government and flag against their enemies and maintaining the existence of Republican institutions.

Eight months after the withdrawal of Mr. Carr, his surviving partner followed suit. The cause which prompted Mr. Pickard to this course was announced as failing health, aggravated by the sedentary life to which he was subjected by his professional duties. He disposed of the paper to Hugh Campbell, and removed to Gratiot, where he became a farmer. Mr. Campbell retained control but three weeks, the paper during that period being reduced to a half-sheet, when he sold to Patrick F. Duffy, of Dubuque, and Moses Campbell, of Gratiot, who assumed control with the issue of June 6, 1862. It would be the aim of the Local to furnish a loyal and proper support to the Government, reserving the right to condemn extreme measures calculated to further estrange the people, and oppose all doubtful powers as dangerous to the perpetuity of the Union and the liberty and welfare of the citizen. The endeavor would be made to render the paper useful and interesting, excluding from its columns articles and advertisements calculated to corrupt or demoralize the youthful and less cautious reader. Personalities would be carefully eschewed, and only such measures as are considered detrimental to the interests of the State and nation would be attacked. This policy was pursued from the commencement of the war through the darkest days of the struggle that followed, and its merit insisted upon until the suspension of the paper itself prevented its further advocacy. On August 12, 1864, Mr. Campbell sold his interest in the Local to Mr. Duffy, who maintained the struggle for success until St. Patrick's Day, 1865, when its publication ceased.

The Shullshurg Patriot and Flag. - With the success of the Herald, in its early days, was born a desire for a second venture in journalism, culminating in the creation of a weekly paper, the title of which heads this notice. It was thought that there was room, not to say demand, for the undertaking, and after some vexatious delays, the first number of the Patriot and Flag was submitted to the public on the morning of March 27, 1855. The paper was a folio with six columns to the page, and, as an exhibit of typographical excellence, as also of journalistic ability, gave evidence of decided merit. The Herald, as is known, was an established authority for Democrats to square their political compass, and the absence of an organ representing the Whig and Republican voters was seriously felt by members of these parties. To supply this want, the Patriot and Flag was put forth, by C. F. Trevitt & Co., notwithstanding their announcement that the paper would not make the political tenets of any party the vital and all-absorbing principle.

Identifying themselves with the Republican party of Wisconsin, they held that slavery, apart from its inherent wrong, was a drawback and injury to every spot of land where it existed, and a blighting curse which should be curtailed and limited by every means that legislative power or popular will could wield. As a newspaper, aside from its political connections, the Patriot and Flag would be the reporter of news, foreign and domestic, that would interest its readers, a register of current events, and a medium through which the public might advertise their wants, promulgate their grievances, and seek the correction of evils which, if permitted to continue unrestrained, would ultimately destroy all that was worthy of preservation. With these sentiments and these objects, the paper began its career, and received a handsome support from all classes.

On May 1, 1855, the firm of C. F, Trevitt & Co. was dissolved, Frederick Thearle retiring, leaving Mr. Trevitt sole owner. This condition of affairs was prolonged until August 29, of the same year, when the Patriot and Flag, after five months' battling with fate, yielded to the inevitable, and suspended. The editor commented upon the calamity after the manner of a philosopher, as follows, and retired. He is now a resident of Blanchardville :

" There are occasions in editorial as well as in private life, marked with peculiar and almost painful interest ; but none more so than the withdrawal of a public journalist from that path of duty to which he has continually, patiently and cheerfully devoted himself The present issue dissolves our editorial connection with the Patriot and Flag, and probably with it the paper will cease to exist. And it is due our patrons and friends that we should exchange a kind word at parting, as well as explain briefly the causes of our abandonment of an enterprise so heartily and hopefully cherished at its inception. Upon the commencement of the publication of the Patriot and Flag,wevfere well aware of thediscouragements and difficulties attendant upon managing and sustaining a country paper, and that it was by no means a lucrative or fortune-making business ; but we did hope from the representations and promises of our sanguine friends, as well as from our own too ardent anticipations, that we might, with industry and attention to business, gain a respectable and competent livelihood ; in this we have been deceived. When we say that promises of patronage have invariably exceeded performance ; that we have been left in a great measure in every diflSculty to struggle single handed and alone ; that we have found our subscription list more ostentatious than available, and our bills accumulating on our hands for payment - we say it with no feelings of recrimination and complaint, but give merely an ordinarv phase of editorial life. Joined with these things, which, in spite of the enthusiasm which accompanies a new undertaking, were to be expected from the outset, a new burden of labor and responsibility was thrown upon our shoulders by the removal and consequent retirement of our esteemed and high-minded associate - -and our own health, unfortunately, when we needed it the most, proving altogether insufficient for our duties, we find ourself involved and embarrassed to a greater degree than motives of prudence and self-regard will allow us to remain ; and if we furl our Flag and the tones of the Patriot are heard no more, it proceeds from no disgust to the cause we have espoused, or want of sympathy with those with whom we have been associated, but from considerations thus briefly intimated. But as we retire from our post of duty, we have many favors to acknowledge, and will carry with us the remembrance of many a quiet kindness and cordial smile that came to the careworn spirit refreshingly. Kind hearts and joyous faces have welcomed our weekly visits, and gratefully have we felt that our mission was not altogether a thankless one. And, feeling sadly that our future intercourse with those whom we cherish with the liveliest regard and esteem should be thus suspended, we linger thus to bid our goodbye! "

La Fayette Qounty Independent - Was established in Darlington, May 11, 1861, H, H. Gray being the editor. It was a six-column folio, printed in brevier, and was " newsy," and, in its appearance, betokened enterprise on the part of its management. The first year proved the opposite of remunerative to its publishers, though they did not feel disposed to complain of the support that had been extended. Starting amidst a financial crisis without a parallel in the history of the country, and at the out break of a conspiracy for the overthrow of the Government, pronounced success was not anticipated, and the editors were not disappointed that the venture had failed to realize that desideratum.

The paper was politically independent, with a tendency toward Democracy, yet more conservative than its Democratic cotemporary at Shullsburg. Save the Union at every sacrifice, rather than by Constitutional means, seemed to be the view of its editor in that behalf, from the temper of editorials on the subject. Its war news was equal to the most exacting demand of readers, being full, complete and written at the scenes described. This feature of excellency embraced letters from soldiers who were present at the battles fought, both in Virginia and the Southwest, as, also, selections from the most reliable correspondence contained in the New York and Chicago dailies. Locally, there was little to furnish an opportunity for sensational literature j the war occupied public attention in those days, and the Independent^ fully appreciating the situation, shaped its " make-up " to supply public expectations. With the issue of August 1, 1863, the firm of J. C Rutledge & Co. is advertised as publishers, though H. H. Gray remained editor. No explanation was vouchsafed for this, and the Independent sailed under the firm name until April 1, 1864, when it again changed hands, F. S. Haughawout, of the Grant County Witness^ assuming control.

Upon taking charge, Mr. Haughawout let it be understood that it was his purpose to make the paper purely local, devoted to the interests, moral, social and pecuniary, of the community, county, town and State in which he lived. A vigorous prosecution of the war would be advocated, and every means available to that end would be employed to render the sheet all that its most earnest admirers could wish. With his advent, an important change was made in the paper, and one which has since come into almost universal use with journals published afar from the " madding throng." The inside, which had theretofore contained editorials and locals, was composed of selections, etc., culled at a distance from their place of happening and made to do duty for all who could be persuaded to avail themselves of their uses. In those days, "patent insides " were new departures in journalism, but to-day they are generally adopted as mediums of news as also economy. This change was succeeded by a change in the political complexion of the Independent. From Democratic of the milder type, it became Republican of the more intense character, and adopted Lincoln and Johnson as its candidates in the campaign of 1864. These changes scarcely attained the desired results, however, but were persevered in until January 5, 1865, when they were abandoned and other innovations ventured. They included the reduction in size of the paper and an enlargement of the type used, with some other minor improvements, all prompted by the cost of publishing and conducting the undertaking. Notwithstanding which, and other efforts, the paper was finally discontinued, its type, materials, etc., together with such other advantages as were susceptible of transfer, being merged into the La Fayette County Union., of which Mr. Haughawout continued to act as editor.

La Fayette County Union. - The lineal descendant or successor to the Independent was put forth at Darlington on Thursday, January 19, 1865, under the direction of F. S. Haughawout, who oflBciated until March, 19, 1865, presenting a newsy sheet, which met with demand and patronage. On the date above indicated, A. F. Dickinson succeeded to the trust, and defined his position as being that of a Union man. Fanaticism would be ignored, and the great truths underlying the principles of both parties would be gleaned, to build a superstructure firm as the adamantine rock, enduring as the everlasting hills. After a brief experience, the paper was enlarged to the usual size of county newspapers, and printed at home, arguing a success for the scheme which must have been gratifying, subsequently confirmed by a press of business requiring assistance to effect its satisfactory transaction. Such assistance was furnished in the person of J. E. Duncan, a whilom editor in La Fayette County, who returned to the journalistic fold as the partner of Mr. Dickinson, publisher of the Union., August 9, 1865, and renewed his acquaintance with cotemporaries, through its columns. Under these influences, it was claimed that the paper steadily increased in its circulation, and doubled its patronage in other departments. The third volume was opened under favorable auspices, with the opinion that the influence exerted was greater than that wielded by any paper previously published in the county. The paper, in appearance, compared favorably with the Democrat^ and contributed a full share of news to its thousand and one readers. Mr. Dickinson prolonged his connection with the enterprise for nearly two years, or until April 4, 1867, when the copartnership was dissolved, Mr. Duncan purchasing the interest of his partner, and becoming sole proprietor. On April 15, 1869, he enlarged the paper to an eight-column sheet, and adopted the title of The Republican. Subsequently, on August 5, Charles R. Hamstreet entered the office of Capt. Duncan for one year, and, in October of the same year, in conjunction with William L. Abbott, purchased the business and they became the editors and publishers. On March 3, 1870, M. J. Miner purchased Hamstreet's interest, and June 2, 1870, sold it to E. T. and Walter J. Wrigglesworth. The latter became sole proprietor on April 13,

1872, and conducted the paper successfully until April 1, 1878, when he disposed of his interest to James Bintliff, who associated with himself Edward H. Bintliff, who, as joint editors and publishers under the firm name of James Bintliff & Son, still conduct the business. The paper was enlarged on July 4, 1879, to a nine-column sheet, and the name changed to the Darlington Republican^ a caption which it still retains.

The La Fayette Qounty Democrat was established at Darlington November 1, 1865, and, because of the similarity of political faith and the employment of the same materials, it may be considered a legitimate successor of the Shullsburg Local. James R. Rose was the first editor. On the 13th of January, 1866, the management of the ofiice was transferred to James G. Knight, who became full possessor thereof. The paper under his efficient control has prospered, and is now not only ably edited, but is reaping the reward of such abilities, in an encouraging bestowal of patronage.

The Agricultural Society

The citizens of La Fayette County, recognizing the necessity of an association of the friends of agricultural and mechanical industries, with the object of improving the condition of agriculture, horticulture and the mechanical and household arts, met at Darlington July 18, 1857, and organized the "La Fayette County Agricultural Society." At this meeting, E. C. Townsend, of Shullsburg, was elected Chairman, and C. M. Waring, Secretary pro tern. After an exchange of views on different subjects connected with such a society, the following officers for the ensuing year were chosen :

A committee was then appointed, consisting of H. H. Gray, Fred Thearle, C. M. Waring, J. B. Rose and S. W. Osborne, to draft a suitable constitution and by-laws for the association. Nathan Olmsted, S. W. Osborne, S. A. Davis, Nicholas Dumfrey and E. C. Townsend were appointed a committee to select grounds for the first fair of the society, to be held later in the season. The society then adjourned, to assemble in the village of Darlington September 1, 1857.

At the next meeting of the society, which was held September 1, 1857, the Committee on Grounds reported, and recommended Darlington as the most suitable place, and the grounds owned by James Wadsworth as the most desirable spot for holding the fair. The report of this committee was adopted, and the 14th and 15th of October was the time decided upon for the exhibition.

The receipts of the society for the first year, by subscriptions, donations, etc., were $319.45 ; the expenses, $184.76 - leaving a balance in the treasury of |134.69. Hon. H. S. Magoon delivered the first address.

At a meeting of the association held December 10, 1857, the following officers for the year 1858 were chosen : President, C. J. Cutting. Vice Presidents, John Smith, Willow Springs ; J. S. Kelso, White Oak Springs; T. J. Oviatt, Argyle. Treasurer, E. C. Townsend. Secretary, Fred Thearle.

1859. - Fair held at Darlington September 21 and 22. Officers : President, S. A. Davis ; Vice Presidents, N. Dunphy, Samuel Cole, J. S. Kelso ; Treasurer, Allen Warden ; Secretary, Fred G. Thearle. Annual address by Col. C. M. Waring. Receipts, $417.89 ; disbursements. 1409.69.

I860. - Fair held at Darlington September 6 and 7, Officers : President, John D. Martin ; Vice Presidents, A. Townsend, E. Slothower, A. B. P. Wood ; Treasurer, F. C. Townsend ; Secretary, Glen Cuyler. Annual address by Hon. P. B. Simpson. Receipts, $385 ; disbursements, $403.45.

1861. - Fair held at Darlington, September 25 and 26. Officers : President, George W. Russell ; Vice Presidents, John Roberts, George Schellinger, Richard Trestrail ; Treasurer, C. B. Cutling; Secretary, Glen Cuyler. Annual address by George W. Russell. Receipts, 1348.35; disbursements, $328.14.

1862. - Officers : President, Peter Parkinson, Jr. ; Vice Presidents, Frank Buckmaster, E. C. Townsend, John Pool ; Treasurer, C. Z. Cutting ; Secretary, A. W. Hovey ; Executive Committee, Daniel Hawley, Joseph White, Stephen Blackstone. Owing to the great excitement attending the breaking-out and progress of the war, there was no fair held that year, and the Society practically disbanded.

June 13, 1863, a meeting of the citizens of the county was called to re-organize the society, at which the constitution and by-laws of the old society were adopted. The meeting adjourned to June 27, 1863, when the following officers were elected : President, H. H. Gray ; Vice President, B. F. Buckmaster ; Secretary, A. F. Dickenson ; Treasurer, Silas R. Davis. Fair held at Darlington, October 6, 7, 8, 1863. Annual address by Hon. John Delaney. Receipts, $505 ; disbursements, $576.50.

1864. - Fair held at Darlington, September 27, 28 and 29. Officers : President, Israel Boies ; Vice President, B. F. Buckmaster ; Secretary, A. F. Dickenson ; Treasurer, William Tolly.

1868. - Fair held at Darlington, October 6, 7 and 8. Officers : President, Frank Buckmaster ; Vice Presidents. H. Phillips, A. Miller, J. Barry ; Treasurer, J. H. Martin ; Secretary, W. W. Birkitt. Receipts, $1,498.33 ; disbursements, $1,495.60.

1869. - Fair held at Darlington, September 22, 23, 24 and 25. Officers : President, A. W. Warden ; Vice Presidents, Thomas Teasdale, Hugh Campbell, A. D. Richardson ; Secretary, M. J. Alworth ; Treasurer, Alden Pratt.

1870. - Fair held at Darlington, September 15, 16 and 17. Officers : President, John Merriott; Vice President, Samuel Salisbury; Secretary, H. L. Brown; Treasurer, S. S. Allen. Receipts, $1,132.11; disbursements, $1,121.46.

1871. - Fair held at Darlington, September 25, 26 and 27. Officers : President, Francis Campbell; Vice President, J. G. Knight; Treasurer, S. S. Allen; Secretary, W. L. Abbott.

1872. - Fair held at Darlington, September 12, 13 and 14. Officers : President, Francis Campbell ; Vice President, J. G. Knight ; Secretary, H. L. Brown ; Treasurer, S. S. Allen. Receipts, $1,035.15; disbursements, $1,037.82.

1873. - Fair held at Darlington, September 25, 26 and 27. Officers : President, S. Warden ; Vice President, Peter Parkinson, Jr. ; Secretary, H. L. Brown ; Treasurer, W. J. Bird. Receipts, $1,193.21 ; disbursements, $969.23.

1874. - Fair held at Darlington, September 17, 18 and 19. Officers : President, S. Warden ; Vice President, H. Campbell ; Secretary, R. B. Cutting ; Treasurer, W. J. Bird. Receipts, $743.66 ; disbursements, $595.81.

1875. - Fair held at Darlington, September 14, 15, 16 and 17. Officers : President, H. Campbell ; Vice President, Thomas Sheldon ; Secretary, W. L. D. Martin ; Treasurer, A. Richardson. Receipts, $1,920.72 ; disbursements, 1,878.45.

1876. - Fair held at Darlington, September 13, 14 and 15. Officers : President, A. B. P. Wood; Vice President, James R. Rose; Secretary, John Meehan ; Treasurer, Albert Richardson. Receipts, $1,304.22 ; disbursements, $1,276.85.

1877. - Fair held at Darlington, September 9 and 10. Officers : President, N. T. Parkinson ; Vice President, A. 0. Chamberlain ; Secretary, John Meehan ; Treasurer, D. Schreiter. Receipts, $1,977.69; disbursements, $1,993.94.

1878. - Fair held at Darlington, September 15, 16 and 17. Officers : President, N. T. Parkinson ; Vice President, R. H. Williams ; Secretary, D. S. Rose ; Treasurer, D. Schreiter. Receipts, $583.10 ; disbursements, $587.74.

1879. - Fair held at Darlington, September 17, 18 and 19. Officers : President, P. A. Orton ; Vice President, John Roberts ; Secretary, H. L. Brown ; Treasurer, D. Schreiter. Receipts, $1,598.43; disbursements, $1,663.04.

1880. - Fair held at Darlington, September 8, 9 and 10. Officers : President, James H. Earnest ; Vice President, A. Richardson ; Secretary, Neil Fisher ; Treasurer, D. Schreiter. Receipts, $1,473.56; disbursements, about $1,550.

In 1863, the grounds owned now by the " La Fayette County Agricultural Society," consisting of ten acres, were purchased by the " La Fayette County Stock Club," and sold to ^e Agricultural Society, July 10, 1867. January 13, 1874, the " Stock Club " and the " Agricultural Society " were consolidated under one constitution, and, in 1876, a floral hall was erected on the fair grounds, at an expense of $300. The uniform success attending the annual exhibitions of this society has been achieved by well-directed efforts, and the uprightness and integrity displayed by the officers in meeting all legitimate demands has been the characteristic which proves this society an organization answering the end for which it was created.

Among The Short-Horns On Ames' Branch

Having its source in springs in the direction of the Platte Mounds, Ames' T-ranch runs south of east to the Pecatonica, through one of the most picturesque and fertile va.K'ys in the county. Every farmer who has settled within it, who has managed his affairs wit!' ordinary prudence, has become well-to-do, and some of them wealthy. The wisest have devoted their energies to breeding fine stock, and, in consequence, have given the locality a wide reputation. Ames' Branch and the vicinity are more or less known as the home of finely bred animals of various kinds, from Canada to Colorado. During 1879, when one of the largest stock-men of Chicago wanted one hundred of the choicest young ewes that could be found to put on his home farm, he sent a man here to buy them, and they were selected from the flocks of Bird, Rowe, Joseph and Henry Colbeck and Weaver, and bought at so low a price that the Chicago man could scarcely believed stock-men would allow such superb young ewes assorted from their flocks for so small a sum. Probably no finer mutton and long-wool sheep can be found in the country than is bred in this locality. For short-horns, Frank Weaver keeps two thoroughbred bulls, and Joseph Colbeck owns Chieftain 5th No. 28,845, a fine pedigreed bull, bred by S. S. Brown, at Hazelwood Farm, Illinois. Mr. Colbeck also has some very choice cows and young animals and a fine herd of grades.

George Stevenson, of Fayette, and James McWilliams, of Seymour, are each line breeders, and have a small herd of as fine thoroughbreds as can be found in the West.

John Matthews has a thousand finely-bred sheep rented on shares to the farmers of La Fayette and Grant Counties, besides his home flock of about two hundred. Himself and his sons have fifteen hundred sheep, and one hundred high-grade heifers, and a number of thoroughbreds on the Harvey County Stock Ranch, Kansas. He keeps his herd of thoroughbreds on Ames' Branch at about fifty head. These, in addition to his jacks and jennies, his brood mares and stallions, his Essex pigs and goats, the breeding of all which he has successfully managed for many years past, entitles him to be regarded as the most extensive breeder in Southwestern Wisconsin, and probably in the State.

Twenty-five years ago, he commenced breeding thoroughbred short-horns from the Enchantress and Peerless stock of the Shakers, of Mercer County, Ky. ; and since that time, by judicious selections and purchase, and with the thoroughbred bulls Monarch, Minister, Golden Duke, Grand Duke of Alma and Camargo, he has produced a herd of rare excellence, and one that is making and will continue to make its mark upon the stock through a wide section of country which he supplies with breeding animals.

The responsible citizens of La Fayette County were foremost among those loyal bands who sprang to the defense of the Union in the first days of the Southern rebellion. Miners, merchants, professional men, farmers and mechanics joined in the work of sustaining the righteous cause. These noble efforts were speedily made manifest in the presence of several well-drilled companies, who engaged in perfecting their military education while they chafed and fretted at the delay of the Legislature in claiming their services. Capt. Vandergript, an old veteran of the Mexican war, was conspicuous in recruiting, and to him belongs the honor of commanding the first company formed in this district. The company was organized in the vicinity of Shullsburg, hence the designation of " Shullsburg Light Guard." When the ranks were filled, the Guards were mustered into the service of the United States and assigned to the Third Regiment, dropping their nom de guerre for the appellation of Company I. Capt. George H. Whitman's Company H, from Darlington, was a close competitor for priority, arriving in camp at Fond du Lac in June, 1861.

In certain sections of the county, ao element among the inhabitants was imbued with a deeply rooted antagonism to the war, and consequently adopted all means within their power to resist the demand upon them for assistance. They were never betrayed into any overt act of disloyalty, but in the excited and perturbed imagination of the people it was represented that a strong rebel eVment was mobilizing at New Diggings. The only basis for such reports was the outward host ' ty of certain miners, whose nomadic career had taken them to the lead mines, but for whose a ions the permanent residents of the county were in no way responsible. The " Knights -' the Golden Circle," a secret association, having for its avowed object resistance of the draft, v-a,s organized in June, 1862. The caucus meeting for organization was held in the open air, in Elk Grove, about 7 o'clock in the evening. At that hour there was a large muster of men from New Diggings, Benton and Shullsburg, who proceeded immediately to organize. The leader, one Floyd, who claimed to have been in Price's rebel army, took a position at the base of an ancient gnarled oak, and, after delivering an address, performed certain rites incidental to the initiation of ofiicers. At a late hour, he dismissed the assembly, first imparting to each man a password and instructing him in the use of cabalistic signs designed to identify the members and bind them in closer affiliation. Throughout the meeting, a member of the United States Secret Service occupied a coigne of vantage in the tree, where, laying out on a jutting branch, he overheard all the proceedings and possessed himself of the passwords, which he subsequently turned into service.

The Union League was also organized to combat the doctrines of the "Knights," and uphold the law. In the fall of 1862, the draft was issued for nine months' service. The following Deputy Sheriffs were appointed in 1862, to enroll all the able-bodied men in their respective districts: John B. Schofield, Wayne; John Adams, Monticello; M. Crawford, Kendall; John O'Toole, White Oak Springs; Dennis Murphy, Benton; E. W. Jennan, Gratiot; James Noble, Willow Springs; T. C. L. Mackay, Elk Grove; James Harker, New Diggings; Furness Lambert, Argyle; John Cline, Fayette; John Barry, Shullsburg; James Wood, Wiota; Walter E. Jones, Belmont; Luke Ager, Centre. The drafted men reported at Darlington, in the Ellison House, since changed to the Whitman House, where they were registered by Judge Blackstone, one of the Draft Commissioners. H. Ellison, the generous landlord, furnished each man with rations for the journey to Madison. The contingent was in charge of Lance Sergeant P. F. Dering. On arrival at Madison, the eighty-odd men from La

Fayette were inspected, and a large percentage rejected. The remainder of the men procured substitutes, which, at that time, could be had from |100 to |200. In 1863, the commutation draft created much dissatisfaction in the sparsely populated section of the county, where threats of resistance were freely uttered. The law was enforced, and a collision was avoided by the dissatisfied men quitting the district. Later in July, 1863, Maj. Clowney, with Companies A and B, Twenty-ninth Wisconsin Infantry, was detailed from Madison to assist the Provost Marshal in enforcing the draft in the district between Benton, Shullsburg and New Diggings. The military were apportioned to those places, the squads being commanded respectively by Maj. Clowney, Lieut. Wilson and Capt. Harriman. The authority of the law was asserted, and the refractory persons were soon submissive enough. One Sullivan, who had become amenable to the law, was captured about the end of July and incarcerated in an improvised guard-house at Shullsburg. The civil law was invoked to eifect his release, and on application a writ of habeas corpus was obtained from Judge Cothren, at Mineral Point. The officer in command refused to recognize the authority, and referred the friends of the prisoner to 0. M. Dering, at that time Provost Marshal, Dering, in doubt of his power, telegraphed to Gov. Lewis for instructions. Back flashed the electric spark with the sententious reply, "Hold him; will send 10,000 men if necessary." That settled the question, and Sullivan continued in durance. While in the execution of his duty as Special Deputy Provost Marshal, Mark Richards was assassinated. The affair occurred as follows : Marshal Richards had received notice of the presence of a deserter in Benton. He indicated the house to the authorities, who surrounded the premises and called upon the inmates to admit them. '^0 reply was accorded, and, breaking open the door, the officers filed in and took possession. Finding his escape cut off", James McMahon, the alleged deserter, jumped out of the second-story window, and was disappearing with celerity when commanded to halt, under penalty of being shot. Not hearing the command, or not wishing to obey it, if heard, he continued running, when he was overtaken by a bullet and dropped down in his tracks. Some days subsequent, as Richards was going along a by-path leading to Benton, he Avas fired upon from concealment, and received a full charge of heavy buckshot in the thigh, from the effect of which he expired some months afterward. Rumors of trouble were rife, and social confidences were disrupted to the general disorganization of business. One report received in Darlington announced the equipment of a rebel force at New Diggings, coupled with the intelligence that they were marching on to capture the county seat. Bells were rung, and a public mass meeting of the citizens of Darlington was convened to consider plans for the defense of the village. Men hied away homeward and resurrected shotguns and rifles, long since superannuated from service, and prepared to do battle in defense of their household treasures. On the following day, the heterogeneous force massed in the town square to await the foe, when a messenger arrived with the information that the rebel expedition had retired, after approaching within view of the village. Such was the fruit of gossip disseminating distorted intelligence. Again, it was related that the Union flag had been torn down and trampled on in the public square of Benton and New Diggings. These statements can be accepted as an index to the distrust which, for some time, prevailed at certain points in the county.

When the 1863 draft was ordered, the prominent citizens of New Diggings emulated each other in patriotic zeal, [n that town it was proposed to grant a bonus of $B0 to each of the first five men to enlist. The sum of $300 was contributed for that purpose by R. H. Champion. George Leekley contributed a similar amount to the next five volunteers. Interest was aroused, and a large sum was made up by personal contributions on the spot. This proved the most enthusiastic conscripting during the campaign.

The County Board of Supervisors met on July 27, 1864, to deliberate on the propriety of levying a tax for the purpose of paying a bounty to volunteers under the last call of the President for 500,000 men. It was

Resolved, That when the volunteer is mustered into the service of the United States, and shall present to the Clerk of the County Board the certificate of the Adjutant General of the State, certifying that he has been mustered into the service, and credited to any town in this county, then the County Treasurer is authorized to issue to said volunteer, or his agent, the sura of §300, payable in county orders of denomination of §') each.

An act was sanctioned by the Legislature on February 23, 1865, authorizing the issue. Under this act, bounties were paid out as follows : Belmont, five ; Kendall, eighteen ; Willow Springs, ten ; Argyle, seven ; Wiota, twenty ; Centre, twenty-five ; Wayne, eleven ; Gratiot, twenty ; White Oak Springs, nine ; Monticello, nine ; Benton, forty-four ; Fayette, thirteen ; Shullsburg, thirty-four; New Diggings, twenty -eight; Elk Grove, twenty.

At the solicitation of Gov. Solomon, during the draft troubles of 1863, a "home guard" was organized at New Diggings, to maintain the authority of the law. Capt. Longhorn, who was elected to the position in the second year, was a one-armed veteran, of British descent, who came to New Diggings from England, and in a few weeks after his arrival enlisted in an Illinois regiment ; had his arm taken oif in the battle of Chickamauga. The existence of the company was short, as the ranks were depleted by the continual enlistments into the Federal army.

In the early part of 1864, the company was re-orgauized by amalgamation with another body then existing in Benton. The muster-roll of the new company, dated August 27, 1864, as filed with the County Clerk, contains the following names :

Company H - Third Regiment : Captain, George H. Whitman ; First Lieutenant, George W. Stevenson ; Second Lieutenant, James G. Knight. This company was organized in Darlington, as the " La Fayette Rifles," on the three years' enlistment, in June, 1861. Companies H and I joined the Third Regiment at Camp Hamilton, Fond du Lac, where they were engaged perfecting their drill, under the supervision of Col. C. S. Hamilton. They were mustered into the service on the 29th of June, and left the State on the 12th of July, under orders for Hagers- town, Md. After a brief visit to Harper's Ferry they moved down the Potomac fifty miles, to Darneston, where they went into camp. They marched to Frederick, Md., on the 12th of September, where they surrounded the city and arrested the Legislature. A detachment of three companies, including Company H, was despatched from Fredericks, on the 9th of October, with orders to secure a quantity of corn, which was stored in a mill at Harper's Ferry. While returning with the grain in charge, they were attacked by a rebel force of infantry, cavalry and artillery, 1,600 strong, under Col. Ashley. The rebels were repulsed and driven from the village of Bolivar to Bolivar Heights, where, having captured a thirty-two-pounder, the enemy was held at bay until the arrival of re-enforcements from Col. Geary. The loss of the detachment was six killed and eight wounded. Leaving Frederick on the 22d of October, they ascended the Potomac to Muddy Branch, where they were employed on guard, returning to Fredericks December 1, and assigned as provost guard. On organizing the army for the spring campaign, the regiment was attached to the Second Brigade of Gen. Banks' Army Corps. They joined his command at Sandy Hook, and commenced the march up the valley of the Shenandoah, occupying Charleston on the 27th. Accompanied Gen. Banks' command to Harrisburg. On Banks' memorable retreat to Williamsport, the regiment did duty as rear guard, bearing the terrible harassments of the enemy with intrepidity. Their conduct in this line is beyond praise. Their loss during the retreat was three killed, fifty-nine wounded and seventy-nine missing or captured. On the 9th of August, participated in the battle of Cedar Mountain, losing twenty-five killed, sixty-five wounded and eighteen prisoners. During Gen. Pope's retreat, on the 18th of August, the regiment, still under Gen. Banks' command, was frequently under fire and lost six men, taken prisoners. Took -part in the battle of Antietam, losing, out of a force of three hundred and thirty-five men engaged, twenty-seven wounded and one hundred and seventy-one killed. May 1, attached to Gen. Hooker's division, moving along Fredericksburg Plank Road, did picket duty, being driven back on main body. Formed, with advance guard, line of battle, and, after a hotly contested fight, the regiment gained one-third of a mile, when relieved by Gen. Whipple's forces, losing twenty killed and eighty-one wounded. During the withdrawal of the army from Chancellorsville, the regiment covered the left of the retreating line. June 27, at Gettysburg, Penn., was occupied in supporting position on the right, and to the rear of the general line of battle. On the 2d, was ordered to the front, taking up a position along the east bank of Rock Creek, which they fortified by throwing up breast-works of rails and earth. In the battle of the following day, their loss was only three killed and eleven wounded. Served in New York to enforce the draft, and, on September 30, were transferred to the Army of the Cumberland, being attached to the Third Brigade, First Division, Twelfth Army Corps. On the 21st of December, three-fourths of the regiment enlisted as veterans, under general orders from the War Department, and the veteran Third bid farewell to Wartrace, Tenn., on the line of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railway, en route for Madison, Wis., where they arrived on the 28th of October.

Arriving at the State Capital, the men scattered to their homes to improve their furlough in the enjoyment of domestic tranquillity. Re-assembled at Madison, February 1, 1864, whence they moved to Tullahoma, Tenn. Concentrating on Atlanta, Ga., the Third regiment, attached to the First Division, distinguished itself in various encounters with the enemy, leading the advance and constantly skirmishing on the way. June 1, the troops took position in line of battle to the left, which' they held for three days, taking the advance o^f the 4th, and gaining a position, on the 6th, in front of the enemy's entrenchments at Pine Knot, which they retained, under an incessant fire, until the loth, when the enemy abandoned the entrenchments during the night. During the next three days, the regiment, always in front, advanced from point to point, and on the 21st were ordered to advance on the Powder Springs road. On proceeding a short distance in that direction, the foe was encountered in such superior numbers that Col. Hawley deemed it prudent to await the arrival of re-enforcements, with which he forced the passage. In the advance on Kenesaw Mountain, the loss was one killed and seventeen wounded, three mortally. In the operations before Atlanta, a loss of five killed and one wounded was sustained.

In the action near Averysboro, on March 15, 1865, twenty-eight men were killed. On the 19th, had a sharp engagement near Bentonville, whence the regiment was assigned to Goldsboro, where the men went into camp. On the 30th, they received orders for home, and, marching by way of Richmond and Alexandria to Washington, D. C, where they arrived in time to join in the grand review at the National Capital, on May 24. While there, a number of the regiment, whose term of service was about to expire, were mustered out on the 9th of June, and arrived at Madison, Wis., on the 13th. The main body of the regiment was remanded to Louisville, Ky., until the 18th of July, when they were mustered out of the service. They arrived at Madison on the 28d of July, and were shortly afterward disbanded.

Oompany I - Third Regiment, more familiarly called Shullsburg Light Guard, had the undisputed honor of being the first company to volunteer for service from La Fayette County. This company originally enlisted for the First Regiment, but this regiment being full the company was mustered in as Company I, of the Third Regiment. The officers during the war were : Capt. Howard Vandergrift, succeeded by Moses O'Brien, who was killed in battle, and replaced by Nahum Daniels. First Lieutenants - John E. Ross, resigned July 13, 1861 ; Alex N. Reed, died of wounds September 18, 1862 ; William Freeborn, discharged November 10, 1864, and John Agnew. Second Lieutenants - Ralph Van Brunt, promoted to Adjutant; Alexander N. Reed, promoted ; William Freeborn, promoted ; Charles L. Dering, promoted to Company B ; Wilson S. Buck, promoted to Company B, and George N. Faucett.

Company /, Sixteenth Regiment, was organized principally in Darlington, although a score of the recruits hailed from Grant County. The oflScers were Capt. S. W. Osborne ; First Lieutenant, Charles H. Vail ; Second Lieutenant, D. J. Purman. Rendezvoused at Camp Randall, where the regiment was organized under Col. Benjamin Allen, of Pepin. Mustered into the service January 31, 1862, and moved on to Pittsburg Landing in time to appear in the battle of Shiloh, with Prentiss' Division, under command of Gen. Grant. April 5, were stationed on outpost, doing picket duty about half a mile from main body of regiment. At daybreak, received first fire of the " rebs," which opened the bloody battle of Shiloh. Being outflanked by superior forces in heavy numbers, and exposed to a concentric fire, fell back, and re-formed line of battle. During the remainder of that day, they were constantly open to the enemy's fire, which decimated their numbers. Were relieved on second day by Gen. Buell's command, and sent to the rear as a reserve force. The brunt of the engagement had been borne, as testified by the list of killed, which aggregated 245 men killed and wounded. Lieut. Vail was numbered with the slain - he having fallen at the first fire. The company assisted at the siege of Corinth, and entered the city on May 29, the enemy having evacuated the position during the night. On June 6, they entered the camp, whence they marched to luka, and returned to Corinth on the 21st. Following the second battle of Corinth, they encamped three miles from Grand Junction, on the Mississippi Central Railroad, where, greatly reduced in numerical strength, the regiment was consolidated into five companies. February 5, 1864, they joined the garrison at Vicksburg, and were re-enforced by five full companies, three of which, F, H and K, which had been recruited in Wisconsin for the regiment. On the 6th, Company I, with four others, re-enlisted, and departed on veteran furlough, returning home via Cairo, bn their arrival at Madison, they were accorded a public reception by the State officers and members of the Legislature, prior to temporary disbandment. They re-united at Madison on April 18, and rejoined the regiment, which, by accessions, had been augmented to nine companies. They were then assigned to the First Brigade, Third Division, Seventeenth Corps, with which they proceeded across the country, under command of Gen. Leggatt. At Ackworth, thirty-five miles from Atlanta, the regiment united with Gen. Sherman, and moved forward to the front, taking position on the extreme left of the army. Under Gen. McPherson, they left Brush Mountain, on the evening of the 2d of July, and, by threatening the enemy's communication at Turner's Ferry, induced a retreat. On the 20th, they were posted in line of battle before Atlanta, with the extreme left of the army, and, next day, carried the enemy's works upon Bold Hill by assault, with a loss of seventy-eight men killed and wounded. On the 22d, thej were engaged in repelling repeated attacks of the enemy, and to recover the lost works, sustaining a loss of twelve killed, twenty-six wounded and seven missing. In November and December, they were employed in destroying the railroad communication in Central Georgia. Being annexed to Sherman's army in the famous march to the seaboard, they entered Savannah on December 21, and entered camp. The command of the regiment had been vested in Capt. Craig, in place of Maj. Dawes, who had been mustered out on the 11th. After defeating a strong rebel force on the banks of the North Edisto River, the First Brigade arrived at Columbia on the 16th. On the 19th, they were in the battle at Bentonville, and, on the 24th, entered Goldsboro, N. C. Here, Gen. Force returned to the brigade, and Col. Fairchild took command of the regiment. Crossing the Roanoke River, on the morning of the 5th of May, they entered Virginia, and proceeded by easy marches to Washington, where they encamped within a short distance of the city. On the 2d of June, the members whose terms had expired, were mustered out. The remainder of the Sixteenth was paid ofT at Madison on August 1, 1865, the members dispersing to their homes to renew their ordinary peace avocations,

Oompany B, Twenty-third Regiment, was formed in July, 1862, and was organized at Camp Randall on August 25, 1862, under Col. Joshua J. Guppey, of Portage City. The officers of Company B were : Captain, Charles M. Waring, succeeded at his death, February 16, 1863, by John E. Duncan ; First Lieutenant, John E. Duncan, on promotion, succeeded by John M. Sumner, promoted to Company D, and replaced by Francis G. Marsh ; Second Lieutenant, Warren Gray, who, resigning March 27, 1863, was succeeded by Charles E. Brunner.

The Twenty-third Regiment left Camp Randall on September 15, 1863, for Cincinnati, then menaced by the rebel forces under Kirby Smith. Were assigned to Gen. Green Clay Smith's division, on the Alexandria turnpike road. Marched subsequently to Louisville and Memphis, Tenn., where the regiment was appointed to the First Brigade, Tenth Division, and at once took position in the army destined to reduce Vicksburg. December 28, 1862, the regiment occupied a precarious position within a mile of the enemy's works, at Vicksburg, and, although exposed for three days to the rebel's shot and shell, they were fortunate in not losing a man. When moving forward to invest Fort Hindman, the regiment was exposed to the enemy's artillery fire, without suffering great loss. While advancing to an indicated point, they were greeted with an unexpected enfilading fire from the enemy's rifle-pits, which necessi- . tated a change of front. The evolution was effected, and Companies B, G and K were thrown out as skirmishers, capturing several block-houses occupied by the rebels, driving them into their works, while the remaining companies attacked the rifle-pits, drove the enemy to the fort, and silenced a quantity of artillery. The conflict raged furiously for three hours, at the conclusion of that time the enemy hoisting the white flag as a token of submission. The loss entailed was four killed and thirty-four wounded.

The Yazoo swamps tested the mens' strength sorely with malarial complaints. At one time, three-fourths of the men were down with fever, and several companies were destitute of officers.

Companies B and E did effectual service as skirmishers in the battle of Champion Hills, where they drove the rebels from a fortified post. That night they lay on their arms in the field, and, on the morning of the 17th of May, pushed forward to the Black River Bridge, capturing the Sixteenth Tennessee en route. At the siege of A^cksburg, the entire regiment was employed as skirmishers, engaging the enemy from early morning until late at night. On the 22d, they engaged in the disastrous attempts to storm the Confederate defenses, and, failing, retreated to their trenches. At the close of the siege, the regiment was reduced, by disease and death, to a mere skeleton of its former stalwart force, hardly numbering one hundred and fifty capable men.

November 3, the brigade was attacked by an overwhelming force of the enemy at Carrion Crow Bayou. The regiment formed line in a belt of timber. Two other regiments in their front were rapidly driven back, but the Twenty-third valiantly withstood the assault, maintaining a rapid fire, until, full-flanked on both sides, the order was given to fall back. On arrival of re-enforcements, they regained their lost ground. At the outset, the regiment numbered 220 ofiicers and men. of whom 128 were lost in killed, wounded and prisoners, the latter including Col. Guppey and Capt. Sorenson, who was severely wounded. The Commander General publicly tendered his thanks to the regiment for their gallantry on this occasion. The regiment, hence, was engaged in a variety of occupations, such as fatigue, transport and provost duty, at times visiting sections of the country extending from Matagorda Bay, Texas, through Louisiana and Arkansas. Their last experience was gained in the fortifications at Mobile, where they remained until the 4th of July, when the Twenty-third was mustered out of service, and embarked next day for home, entering Madison on the 16th. They were paid off and formally disbanded on the 24th of July, 1865.

Company JE, Thirty-first Regiment, was constituted in 1862, from equal contingents from Darlington, Fayette, and Argyle and Wiota towns. The officers were, throughout the war, as follows : Captain, James B. Mason, deceased October 17, 1863, succeeded by Daniel B. Dipple ; First Lieutenant, Daniel B. Dipple, on promotion, succeeded by Hiram Stevens ; Second Lieutenant, Hiram Stevens, succeeded by Charles R. Bridgman. Rendezvoused at Prairie du Chien on September 23, 1862, where the regiment was organized under command of Col. Isaac E. Messmore, and mustered into the United States service on the 9th of October. Remained there doing guard duty until November 14. Company E was ordered to Camp Utley, where the regiment was mustered up to its full strength of eleven companies. Were first ordered down the Mississippi to Columbus, where they were assigned to the Sixth Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, and ordered into Camp at Fort Halleck. While in camp were engaged on picket duty, guarding transports and in reconnoitering the enemy's territory in diff"erent parts of the country. They were employed twenty days from the 5th of October, doing guard duty on the line of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, marching thence to Murfreesboro. Shortly afterward, Companies B, G and K, under command of Capt. Stevenson, were stationed at the crossing of Stone River, where they remained building fortifications and guarding the railroad bridge until the 2d of April, 1864, when they rejoined their companions at Murfreesboro. On July 3, 1864, the Thirty-first was transferred to the Third Brigade, First Division, Twentieth Army Corps, with which they were subsequently identified. Took prominent part in the siege of Atlanta, and, subsequent to the capture of the city, were employed as portion of the garrison. On the march to Savannah, when about nine miles from that city, the head of the column, of which the Thirty-first formed part, was checked by a body of the enemy posted in two small redoubts commanding the Springfield road, upon which the column was advancing. Under orders to move to the left and flank the enemy, the Thirty-first struggled through an almost impenetrable swamp and carried the works in face of a galling fire. The march was pursued through the Carolinas. They were on the front line of battle at Averysboro, on the 16th of March, losing one man killed and twelve wounded. At the battle of Bentonville, N. C, on the 19th, the Thirty-first and two other regiments were thrown forward without support. They were attacked on both flanks, and in front, doubling up the line and forcing them to retreat a quarter of a mile. Having re-formed the line, they repulsed five different charges of the enemy, and held their ground from 2 in the afternoon until dark, when they were relieved. In this engagement, the regiment lost sixty men killed, wounded and missing. Arriving at Goldsboro, N. C, the men were provided with new equipments, and remained in that town until the 10th of April, when they set out for Raleigh. The regiment had passed eighteen miles beyond Raleigh, when appraised of the surrender of Gen. Johnson. Returned homeward on the 30th, entered camp three miles from the capitol, returned to Louisville, and were mustered out on the 20th of June, arriving on the 23d at Madison, Wis. They were paid and dismissed to their homes on July 8, 1865.

Company (7, Thirty-third Regiment, was organized September, 1862, in Shullsburg, under the name of the Gaylord Guards. The officers during the campaign were: Captain, John E. Gurley, succeeded by William Weir; First Lieutenants, Adjt. William Warner, succeeded by David H. Budlong, and Harlow S. Pickard ; Second Lieutenant, William Weir, on promotion, succeeded by Jeptha Hopkins. Mustered at Camp Utley, where, with contingents from Rock, Grant and Kenosha Counties, the Thirty-third Regiment was organized under the supervision of Col. Jonathan B. Moore. Remained in camp until November 12; received orders for Memphis, Tenn., where they were assigned to Gen. Lauman's Division, in the right wing of the army of the Tennessee. While at Hurricane Creek, Gen. Lauraan was placed in command of the Fourth Division. In compliance with his special request, the Thirty-third was assigned to the First Brigade of that division. Wintered at Moscow, Tenn., where, on a smaller scale, the sufferings of the French Army at the city of the same name, were repeated. They suffered from measles and other diseases, which, aggravated by exposure and want of tentage, entailed a loss of twenty-eight men. On the Coldwater River, forty miles south of Memphis, encountered the enemy and pursued them, the Thirty-third taking the advance and routing them. The loss was two killed and two wounded. While descending the Mississippi River to Vicksburg, the steamer was fired upon by a three-gun battery stationed in the woods above Greenville. The Thirty-third landed, and, with the aid of a detachment of troops, chased the enemy five miles, when the pursuit was abandoned The regiment took an active part in the subsequent siege of Vicksburg, their camp being so near the enemy's works that they were at all times exposed to the enemy's fire, one of their number being shot dead while asleep in his tent, by a bullet from a rebel sharpshooter. On the 4th of June, Companies C and K, under command of Capt. Gurley, were ordered to capture a line of rifle-pits on Hall's Ferry road The onslaught was so terrible, that the enemy fled demoralized, leaving several prisoners and dropping their arms in the general scramble to escape to the main entrenchments. June 21, the regiment was ordered to advance the line in the center of the brigade front, and establish a rifle-pit within eighty-five yards of a large fore. Company C aided in driving in the enemy's pickets, seizing the position, which they held in defiance of the enemy's utmost eff"orts to dislodge them. The ground captured was in such immediate proximity to the fort that the guns could not be depressed sufficiently to bear upon the gallant invaders, who, under cover, labored all night, digging rifle-pits and thoroughly establishing themselves in position. Through the negligence of another regiment, the enemy regained the ground on the following night, by surprising the garrison. They filled up the Union pits and dug new ones, connected with the fort by a subterranean passage. On the night of June 24, an expedition, led by Company C, was organized to dislodge the foe. The attack was such an overwhelming surprise to the rebels that they fled in consternation to their fort, leaving on the field four killed and seventeen wounded. Wintered at Milldale, ten miles distant from Vicksburg, being employed in the multifarious duties of an active camp-life. Took part in all the principal operations of the Meridan expedition, under Gen. Sherman. For many months the Thirty-third was employed in foraging, guarding supply trains and doing transport duty. Embarked at Benton Barracks on the 23d of November, to reinforce Gen. Thomas' command, landing on the 30th at Nashville, Tenn. On December 15, the first day of the battle of Nashville, the Thirty-third charged a body of the enemy posted on a peak between two stone-walls and, encountering but feeble opposition, captured 280 prisoners, many of whom surrendered with loaded arms. They moved to New Orleans, where Gen. Smith's command was re-organized, and designated as the Sixteenth Army Corps. The regiment was at Spanish Fort, La., doing heavy fatigue and picket duty. April 9, saw their last engagement at Blakely, whence they were ordered to Vicksburg, preliminary to receiving their discharge from the service. They arrived at Madison on August 11, 1865, and were disbanded on the 1st of September, 1865.

Note. - In the company there were 58 farmers, 34 miners, 8 laborers, 3 stonemasons, 2 blacksmiths, 2 tin smiths, 2 harnessmakers, 2 physicians, 2 lawyers, 1 shoemaker, 1 wagonmaker, 1 miller, 1 surveyor and engineen 1 minister, 1 merchant, 1 currier, 1 butcher, 1 printer and 1 student.

Fifty-six were natives of the United States ; England, 24 ; Ireland, 22 ; Scotland, 2 ; Prussia, 2 ; Germany, 11 ; Austria, 1 ; New Brunswick, 1 ; Newfoundland, 1 ; Canada, 1 ; Norway, 2.

Company U, Forty-third Regiment, was recruited in the fall of 1864. The oflBcers were : Captain, Isaac Stockwell ; First Lieutenant, Charles J. Wadsworth, succeeded by George W. Witter ; Second Lieutenant, Henry A. Beckwith, Vice George W. Witter promoted. This company was raised and oflficered in the immediate vicinity of Darlington, whence they repaired to Camp Washburn, near Milwaukee, for field organization. October 9, 1864, was transferred to Nashville, Tenn., under Major General Sherman. They were assigned to Johnsonville, the terminus of the military railroad connecting with Nashville, and where important stores were located. From the 4th to the 6th of November, the place was menaced by Gen. Hooker's forces, who had planted a battery on the opposide side of the river. Subsequently, the regiment was employed at Decherd, Tenn., on provost and guard duty. In the beginning of June, they were moved to Nashville, where they were mustered out of the service on June 24, 1865.

Company C, Fiftieth Regiment, was recruited in the southern part of the county by Oscar M. Dering, at that time Provost Marshal. He was subsequently elected captain of the company, with Richard H. Williams as First Lieutenant, and Topping S. Winchell as Second Lieutenant. Organized, and was mustered into the Fiftieth Regiment under Col. John G. Clark, at Madison. They left Madison by companies in April, 1865, for St. Louis, Mo., where they were assigned to quarters in Benton Barracks. Company C, under command of Capt. O. M. Dering, reported at Arrow Rock, whence they were delegated to Fort Rice, in Dakota Territory, arriving there on October 10, 1865. Col. Clark assumed command of the post, and the Fiftieth remained as a permanent garrison until the expiration of their service. At the expiration of the term, the regiment was not relieved, owing to its isolated location ; hence, many cases of desertion were reported of men who had faithfully fulfilled their duties for the term of one year ; but who were tempted, by the prospect of an indefinite sojourn, to take " French leave." On May 31, 1866, Company C set out for Madison, where they were discharged from the service on June 14, 1866. The official returns of this regiment are very incomplete, and furnish very sparse data from which to compile a history. Company C only sustained the loss of two members - William Bannister and Erwin W. Tinkham, both of whom succumbed to the ravages of disease at St. Louis, Mo.

At the conclusion of the war, the returning veterans were accorded a monster reception in Darlington. General rejoicing prevailed, and on arrival the war-worn soldiers were the subjects of much congratulation. They were treated to a banquet, at which the principal men of the county delivered speeches of a congratulatory turn. The wealthiest ladies presided, and catered to the wants of the men, who were on this occasion doubly feasted.

Town Of Center

Sixteenth Infantry - Co. I - S. Armatage, Thomas Agur, A. Anthony, L. Bamber, A. Clifford, F. A. Cherry, H. Chamberlain, Myron Cole, A. C. Dick, E. Dennison, H. Eckerson, C. Eckerson, A. Evenson, Thomas Finn, A. B. Wilkins, A. Gammage, Joseph Green, T. S. Haughawant, Thomas Hughes, 0. Hall, C. Harris, H. Hall, G. Hall, D. H. Hamstreet, M. Haffely, A. Huntly, A. Harron, G. S. C. Johnson, H. McEwen, S. W. Osborn, M. O'Connor, T. O'Brien, George S. Pool, Lewis Reed, John Smith, John Solomon, George Sherbon, G. W. Turner, William Turk, A. Wilkins, T. Walsh, W. W. Wood, A. B. Wilkins, Charles Vail.

Town Of Elk Grove

Third Infantry - Co. H - Henry Andrewson, Riley Cook, John L. Etheridge, Lewis Etheridge, William P. Gould, John A. George, Lee McMuntry, James A. Laudry.

Town Of Wiota

The first white man's residence within what are now the corporate limits of Darlington was a large log house belonging to Jamison Hamilton, the pioneer of this section, and the original owner of the surrounding land. It stood west of the Pecatonica, about where Mr. Van Oesdel's stone house now stands. This building was constructed in a very thorough and finished manner for a frontier dwelling, under the direction of B. Martin, the pioneer architect and millwright of the country, and stood for many years a monument to early days and early eflForts. In early times, this cabin was the only point on the trail through this portion of the country where travelers could get accommodations for the night. For some time after Mr. H.'s arrival, there was no bridge on which to pass over the Pecatonica, and even in later days, after the people began to construct bridges and corduroy roads in difi"erent parts of the country, this stream was often minus the necessary appliance to a safe passage over, owing to the fact that the first spring freshets, unheeding the wants or "rights of man," generally swept the structure away in toto. At those times, when there was no bridge, and the stream so high that fording it was very dangerous, Mr. Hamilton would go to the rescue with his canoe, but woe to the man who could not sit steady while he was being paddled over, for, as all canoe-men can testify, the least unusual lurch was sure to upset the frail vessel and give its occupants a bath. The road here was such for years as the people chose to select, existing only in the form of a trail. When the county arrived at that estate where roads became fashionable and necessary, this section was not behind the rest of the county in laying out thoroughfares, and thus we find Darlington provided for in that respect before there was a town, or, indeed, any guarantee of one.

But from these unpleasant phases of early experiences the town has gradually emerged ; as time has passed on, large amounts of grading have been done, at difi'erent times, until now. Main street and the surrounding locality, in the lower part of the city, stands nearly four feet above its ancient level, and (as stated in the introductory) the streets generally are in an excellent condition.

Law-givers and sages wisely state that everything must have its precedent, in connection with which subsequent acts and results are intimately associated, and upon which they all depend, and in many instances throughout ; but, if we were to say that the business prosperity of Darlington to-day depended upon the first start here, we should be signally condemned.

The precedent, or business opening made here at the first, was as novel and unusual as it must have been unneeded. It is seldom, indeed, that one hears of a milliner opening shop on the frontier, to supply head-gear for the fair sex, when there were but few, and those usually content, if not glad, to wear what they could make themselves. However, the first thing done here in the way of business, ridiculous as it may seem, was millinery, by Miss Graham, who had a shop in 1851, over-head in an old log building belonging to Mr. Hamilton, which stood just east of the Pecatonica and west of Main street. This was occupied on the lower floor by the families of Charles Blakely and Robert Wright, who were the second residents here, and the two first blacksmiths in the place, one of whom yet works at the forge in the city, a sturdy and enduring disciple of Vulcan.

In 1850, the first frame building was erected in the place by J. M. Keep, and stood where Tully & Wilson's store now stands. Here the first store was kept by S. S. Reed and J. S. Fassett & Co., and from this time dates the real business growth of the place. What their stock was can only be surmised ; but, doubtless, it consisted of such articles alone as were needed to supply the real wants of the settlers. At the present time, the old building, having been moved, is used for a shoe-shop, and for several blocks up and down the street may be seen, as successors to the old store, an array of mercantile establishments that will compare favorably with any in the country, and where anything can be purchased from a paper of pins to a thrashing machine.

A shanty was built in 1851, near where Mr. Nichols' livery stable now stands, which was the first blacksmith-shop used by Blakely & Wright. In 1851, the partnership was dissolved, and the men proceeded to erect substantial stone shops, probably with the intention of doing an opposition business. However, be that as it may, Wright's shop, which stood on the land now occupied by H. C. Nash's carpenter-shop, was never occupied by him, but, very soon after its construction, passed into the hands of Keep & Lynde.

In the winter of 1851, the first school was taught in that building, and there, during the same season, the first public debate, known in Darlington, was indulged in. The subject of discussion was " Prohibition," which was then agitating the State from center to circumference. The excitement was so intense in this locality, that almost every one turned out, and great enthusiasm prevailed during the discussion. Not long after this, a temperance organization was formed here, which was, doubtless, the first secret society in the place. The next were Masons.

Some time in 1851, the first religious services were held in Darlington, in the barn of Jameson Hamilton, by a Baptist minister by the name of Chapin. In the winter of 1852, the second meeting was held in the old stone shop. The minister, on this occasion, was a Congregationalist, the Rev. J. McEwen. Shortly after this service, a Congregationalist society of seven members was organized, this being the nucleus of the present church of that denomination.

On the 4th of July, 1851, some of the people who were at work here, decided to have a jollification, and accordingly took a flat-boat used on the Pecatonica for hauling stone, and, having piled on edibles and such other articles as were needed, together with themselves, they hitched a horse to the aff'air, and started up the river for a picnic excursion. Although very few of those who participated in the enjoyments of that day are living to tell the story, yet beyond a doubt they celebrated with as great ardor as those of to-day who have every facility for enjoyment during our great national fete day.

In 1851, the first death, a child of P. Chimmons, occurred, in the first frame dwellinghouse in the place, and which is now occupied by Thomas Swift,

The first marriage in the village was consummated in 1852, between J. S. Fassett and Miss Elizabeth Graham. Thus the two first to engage in business were the first to open the matrimonial market, but whether at profit or loss cannot be told so readily.

In the fall of 1851, a brick dwelling-house was erected by a man named Benjamin Fukes. This was the first brick building in the place, and is now owned by Mrs. Tyson. About the same time a Mr. Manning built a brick cooper-shop, which is yet standing,- in the rear of Driver Bros.' store.

A tavern was started here as early as 1852, in a building erected by a man by the name of Lawrence, on ground lying a little north of the bridge, and which now has a house on it owned by Mr. A. C. Martin. At this house, which did not long remain the only hotel in the place, whisky was first dispensed by the drink. It may be added that in the latter respect, this establishment was not alone. As successors to the old Lawrence House, four hotels have sprung into existence, where travelers can get bed and board to suit taste and means.

One of the early enterprises engaged in in the village, was the erection of a building for a foundry and plow factory, by George Hurst. The business started out fairly, but within two years collapsed; then Rufus Perkins took the building and converted it into a tannery, where he did a good business in tanning by a patent process. Eventually, through failing health, he was compelled to close, and thus ended this enterprise.

There was also a carding-mill here at one time, but this, like the preceding manufactories, did not thrive. At present, the manufacturing interests of the town are represented by the grist-mill, machine-shop, limekiln and broom factory.

In the fall of 1856, the Mineral Point Railroad reached the place. This was an event of great importance to the little burg, and which had been secured partly by the contributions made by the citizens. After the railroad had become an established fact, the people were satisfied that the act of starting a village at this point had not proved an experiment, and consequently no small amount of s^lf-congratulations were indulged and thanks to propitious fortune.

Soon after the arrival of the railroad, a warehouse was erected, which served both for that purpose and a depot combined for some little time. Subsequent to this, the present depot was erected, and now, where one warehouse once sufficed for the business of the place, five good-sized buildings are required to accommodate the grain that is disposed of and shipped at this market. Four of these buildings are owned by Mr. Barlow, who does the most extensive grain-buying business of any one person on this line of road.

In 1857, the first bridge was built by the village over the Pecatonica. That one stood several rods above where the present one stands, which was erected in 1877, and is a very substantial structure.

The town has not been afflicted with any very severe fires during its career. This is owing, in part, to the character of the people and to the vigorous nature of the fire-limit ordinance. The first and one of the most serious conflagrations was the fire which consumed the brick block which stood on the corner where the store of Hooper & Co. now stands. The occupants of the building were L. D. Russell, Doty & Allen and Dr. Otis. There is no fire department in the place, although the charter provides for one, and probably no such organization will be formed until after a large amount of valuable property has been destroyed, and the people thereby learn the necessity for providing such means of protection as can be readily secured.

At the breaking-out of the war, a grand mass-meeting was held in front of the Whitman House (now one of the best hotels in the State), and speeches were indulged and immense war enthusiasm animated the throng. Resolutions were passed, and such other proceedings entered into as would effectually aid in the great struggle which had begun. This meeting, as is well known, was only the precursor to the many which followed during the war, when Darlington was nothing behind in contributing her share of men and money toward suppressing the great rebellion, for the salvation of the Union.

Darlington has always been exceptionally free from excitements or violent deeds. Not including the county seat and temperance excitements, which, until within a few years, were more or less the rage every year, there have been few exciting occurrences worthy of note. Probably the most noticeable public demonstration that ever thoroughly aroused the inhabitants, transpired at a Fourth of July celebration of 1859. On that occasion, as is generally the case on Fourth of July doings, whisky was liberally patronized. In the afternoon, when it was time to go home, nearly all of those who were fond of the ardent were more than supplied. At this juncture, one of the parties who controlled the cannon had a slight dispute with an uninterested person about standing over the powder while smoking a pipe. The man was feeling altogether too glorious to appreciate the danger to which he subjected himself, as well as those around him, and refused to go away. As a result, some one struck him across the head and neck with a jack and laid him out, apparently dead. At this the man's friends formed in a body and declared their intention to hang the one who did the deed. The friends of the other party then united also, and loaded the cannon with stones, announcing that they would fire into the other crowd. The danger, for a time, was highly imminent, but at last the belligerents cooled down, the senseless man was resuscitated and peace restored. (So much for red-eye.)