Janesville City (part 3 of 5)

Christ Church. - During the early part of 1859, owing to some slight personal feeling among certain members of Trinity (Episcopal) Church, a few individuals quit the old congregation and took steps toward the formation of a new one. Meetings were held in Lappin's Hall, under the rectorship of the Rev. Thomas J. Ruger, formerly of Trinity Church, and on the 20th of September, 1859, an organization was effected and the following officers elected : George Cannon, Senior Warden ; Frank M. Smith, Junior Warden. Vestrymen - John J. R. Pease, L. F. Patten, Lewis E. Stone, Shubael W. Smith, Hiram Jackman, B. Wheeler, John E. Jenkins anl George Barnes. The demand for Lappin's Hall being a source of some inconvenience to the society, it. became necessary to procure other quarters. Col. Ezra Miller came to the rescue, however, and offered the use of the dining-hall of the Ogden House, which was accepted, and services were held therein until 1861. A permanent place of worship obtained, the next thing to do was to secure a Rector. Communications were addressed to various divines, among others, the Rev. M. Spencer, of Indiana, and the Rev. H. W. Spalding, of Milwaukee. The latter gentleman accepted the call in the following graceful letter :

Gbntlemen : Your favor, inviting me to take charge of your parish as its Rector, has been received, and as Ciinonically, I cannot at present act as Rector of a parish, I therefore accept your call to enter upon my duties from the time of my ordination to the priesthood in January next, and, previously to that time, will act aa your minister as soon as I can make arrangements for ihe resignation of my position here as Pastor of the Church of the Atonement and member of the Board of Education in this city. Beseeching the Almighty God to bless the relation into which we are about to enter, to the advancement of His Church, and commending you all, individually and as a parish, to His care and guidance, I am, gentlemen, Yours in the Church,

The salary paid Mr. Spalding was $700 a year. At a meeting of the Vestry, held April 4, 1861, Col. Ezra Miller, 0. K. Bennett and Hiram Jackman were appointed a committee to raise money for the erection of a church edifice. A lot was purchased of Mr. Hamilton Richardson on Court street, near the east end of the public square, and a contract made with N. G. Nettleton for the erection of a building not to exceed in cost more than $2,000. The church was consecrated October 31, 1861, by the Rt. Rev. Jackson Kemper, I). D., Bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin. The following divines have been called to the charge : Rev. Thomas J. Ruger, Rev. Henry W. Spalding, D. D., Robert W. Woolsey, Rev. B. Tolson Baker, Rev. Joseph Wood, Rev. George W. Dunbar and Rev. A. L. Royce, the present Rector, who enjoys the patronage of a large congregation. One hundred communicants were reported the first of the present year. J. B. Whiting and William Ruger are the present Wardens. Vestrymen - M. C. Smith, C. L. Martin, John Slightam, B. B. Eldredge, Henry A. Doty, J. J. R. Pease, H. D. McKinney and Hamilton Richardson. The church building has been improved and remodeled, and is now very commodious and comfortable.

The Lutherans. - When Luther rebelled against the mandates of the Romish priests, and offered to discuss the practicability and efiBciency of the tenets of their faith with the Pope himself, he little thought that he was paving the way to a new religion, destined to be carried across the seas and spread broadcast in every land. The followers of this wise man's doctrines inhabit every clime of the globe. In proportion to population, their progress in Janesville has been quite as rapid as that of any other denomination. They have two churches here. Both enjoy substantial support, and have fair congregations. The earliest of these established was St. Paul's German Evangelical Lutheran Church. This society was organized in 1865. Rev. H. Ernst was the first Pastor. Meetings had been held on several occasions, in Janesville, of those of the Lutheran belief prior to this organization. As early as 1855, the Rev. P. Locher and , the Rev. A. Wagoner included the place in their circuit, but no stated meetings were held until 1865. In 1870, the Rev. Mr. Duberg was called to the pastorate, and, two years later, he was succeeded by the Rev. G. Reusch. The Rev. J. Schlerf is the present Pastor. In 1867. the society purchased Hope Chapel from the Baptists, paying $2,500 therefor. The congregation numbers about seventy members, mostly natives of Pomerania and Mecklenburg, in Germany. The society is out of debt.

The Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church is the title of the other society, and its history is traceable back to 1855, when occasional meetings were held in a small apartment near the court room, which was used alternately by the German Lutherans. The society also rented and occupied the Episcopal and Presbyterian Chapels on extra occasions. The building now in use, which is situated near the railroad depot, was erected in 1873, at a cost of $2,700. Among the original members of the society now in Janesville are A. Anderson, S. Trulson, M. Hanson, and C. C. Peterson. The first Pastor called to the charge was Adolph Preuss, who was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Duus, the Rev. Mr. Duberg and the Rev. C. F. Magelson, the present Pastor. The congregation numbers from fifty to seventy-five persons. The society is out of debt.

Primitive Mdhodists. - A class of this denomination was formed in 1849, with the Rev. Joseph Hewitt as Pastor. It was composed chiefly of subjects of Her Britannic Maj.esty. In 1851, the society built a church edifice, a short distance south of St. Patrick's Cathedral. Mr. Hewitt was followed in the pastorate by the Rev. James Anderson, who, in turn, was succeeded by the Revs. Henry Buss, William Tompkins and Reuben North. The congregation seems to have dwindled away, iintil so few remained that their courage forsook them, and the Primitive Methodist Society of Janesville became a thing of the past.

The Swedenborgians. - For some time prior to 1876, the New Jerusalem Society held meetings over the old Post Office, in the hall now occupied by the Yonng Men's Association. The Rev. W. D. Hastings and the Rev. Mr. Scammon expounded the doctrine of John Swedenborg to a very slim congregation, which seefns to have dissolved and disappeared, whether under the infiuence of a lack of faith, or a want of funds, is not known.

The 'Colored Brethren. - The church history of Janesville will now close, after a brief reference to the society of colored Christians who worshiped alternately in Hope Chapel and the rooms of the Y. M. A. The Rev. Mr. Dawson and the Rev. Mr. Scales were the most pominent exhorers who came to Janesville to preach to their wayward brethren. The society seemed to flourish for a time ; so much so, indeed, that James Hewston - a particularly devout member who had taken it upon himself to manage its financial aifairs, and whose winning manner fitted him for the peculiar position of superintendent of collections - undertook to raise a fund for the purposes of erecting a church edifice. Hewston decamped with the fruits of his efforts. The amount raised by him is not known, but certainly it was sufliciently large to bring financial ruin to the congregation. The colored gentleman to whom I am indebted for this information, said of Hewston : " He made a big noise 'bout de comstrection ob a church buildin', an' he wrote dis chile down on his buk for de profits on a whole week's whitewashin', wich was almost nine shillin's - an' he doan't fergot ter kerleckt it, nudder. He's done gone Wes' now, an' I 'spect he's follerin' de same bizness wut he was heah."

The history of the manufacturing interests of Janesville is interesting. Few inland cities m the Union exhibit a record of such permanent and substantial progress. The earlier productive establishments have passed away to make room for institutions of greater pretensions and wider resources - replaced by monuments of Western enterprise and industry.

The First Mill. - In. the spring of 1845, Charles Stevens, one of the earliest settlers in Rock River Valley, afterward identified with many leading interests of Janesville, built a sawmill on the race, near the dam, where the old Ford mill now stands. The demand for lumber made the business very profitable, and most of the material of which "Old Janesville" was constructed was, the product of this mill. It had a capacity of nearly 3,0(T0,000 feet a year, and was frequently run night and day to fill the accumulating orders. About this time A. K. Norris k Co. also ran a saw-mill at Monterey, and afterward moved their machinery to the upper waterpower and established two mills, one of them being run by Steam ; but neither of them survived long. I. M. Norton and 0. B. Ford purchased the Stevens mill and operated it until 1856, when new machinery and buildings were added, and the concern was converted into a flouring-mill, now known as the " Old Ford Mill," which is owned by 0. C. Ford & Co. This institution has seven run of stone, and grinds from 700 to 900 bushels of wheat per day. In 1878, the average was 1,200 barrels of flour per week. Shipments are made to the principal cities of the East, Georgia, South Carolina and Northern Virginia. Thus passed away the Stevens saw-mill.

The Old Big Mill. - It is quite certain that none of the " oldest inhabitants " will fail to remember this institution. For many years, it was the pride of Rock River Valley, and its flour the choice of every one living in it. On the 25th of December, 1845, Ira Miltimore, recently deceased, signed a contract with A. Hyatt Smith, James McClurg, Martin 0. Walker and Shubael W. Smith, to construct- a flour-mill at the south end of the race, on the site of the present post office, and on January 13, 1846, ground was broken for the work - or rather, we may say, ice was broken, for it was necessary to put in a cofier-dam, in order that the foundations might be laid, the site being almost entirely covered by the waters of the river. In the fall of the same year, six sets of stones were ready to revolve, and wheat-grinding commenced. Three sets of the stones were employed on custom work exclusively, while the others were devoted to the merchant trade. The following summer, an addition of three runs of stones was made ; then followed a succession of changes in the management. J. B. Doe, Frank Pixley, Timothy Jackman, Governor Barstow, L. E. Stone, J. C. Jenkins and Joseph A. Wood buying or leasing the property until 1872, when fire laid it low in ashes. The loss was not only felt by those directly interested, but also by many others in Rock County who had learned to look upon the "old big mill," or Smith's mill, as it was often called, as an old and valuable landmark.

In the fall of 1876, another mill of smaller dimensions was built upon the same ground which is now owned by 0. B. Ford & Sons. It has four run of buhrs. with the latest improved machinery, including the " new process" apparatus. It has a capacity of 150 barrels of flour per day of twenty-four hours.

The Hodson Mill. - A starch factory was established in 1847 by Ogilbie & De Roe, on the present site of the Hodson flouring-mill. A precarious career, lasting two years, brought it to an unfortunate termination. "Boiled shirts" were not numerous those days in this locality, and flour, the great staple of life, was more in demand than starch. Consequently, Hamilton Richardson purchased the property in 1849, and converted the starch fa.ctory into a flouring-mill. William Truesdell, a lawyer, since dead, was associated with Mr. Richardson. At the end of a year, a break in the upper dam, in conjunction with a freshet, carried almost the entire establishment away. In the spring of 1852, it was re-built and enlarged to its present size. Early in the fall of the same year, it met with fresh disaster from floods, and was repaired in the spring, only to be foreclosed on a mortgage, E. H. Bennett, now in Janesville, being the purchaser. Eastern parties then became interested for awhile, and, in 1864, the property fell into the hands of Messrs. Barnes & Hodson, its present owners. The mill has four runs of stones, and a capacity of from 12,000 to 15,000 bushels of wheat per month.

Farmers' Mill. - Andrew B. Johns erected the Farmers' Mill in 1848, on the south side of West Milwaukee street, nesjr the bridge, and, within a year, the property fell into the hands of T. H. Jackman, who ran it until 1857, when he sold a half-interest to 0. A. Alden. Soon afterward, John Clark bought Jackman out. The next change in the proprietorship was the rental of the mill by 0. B. Ford and James Clark, in 1870, and, six years later, Mr. Ford sold to B. F. Crossett, the firm name now being Clark & Crossett. The widows of John Clark and C. A. Alden still retain an interest in the property. The mill has a capacity for consuming about four hundred and fifty bushels of wheat per day.

The Stone Mill. - This flouring-mill is located in the suburb of Monterey. It was built in 1852^ by ISr. P. Crosby, and leased to various parties until 1877, when it was purchased by Notbohm Bros., who do a strictly merchant business, consuming from six hundred to seven hundred bushels of wheat per day. The Messrs. Notbohm are also the sole owners of the patent, now in general use throughout the United States, known as the " new process," the fruit of the brain of B. N. Du Croix, a Frenchman, now dead. The new-process machinery is manufactured in Milwaukee.

Bower Oity Mill. - Twenty years ago, this was one of leading flouring-mills in the Rock River Valley. In 1869, it was completely destroyed by fire, but was rebuilt, and now runs three set of stones, principally on feed.

The combined capacity of the six flouring-mills now in operation, in Janesville, is about six thousand barrels per week, or three hundred and twelve thousand barrels a year.

Agricultural Implements. - The demand for farming utensils in Rock County has, until within the past two years, been greater than the supply. This was notably the case before the large factories n6w in operation in Janesville were established- Carriage and wagon makers found the manufacture of plows, harrows, cultivators, etc., more profitable than the construction of vehicles, and thus it is found extremely difiicult to distinguish between the two classes of mechanics so as to secure a proper classification.

Thomas Shaw and John M. May conducted the first agricultural implement manufactory in Janesville, in 1845. where Heirastreet's drug store now stands, on Main street. In 1849, ithe firm built and occupied two stone buildings on North First street, between Blufi" and Main.

About the same time, A. W. Parker and Ole Evenson opened out as plowmakers in the shop originally occupied by Shaw & May. In 1853, they exchanged for property near William Sillito's saloon, continuing the business there for a short time, when they sold the property to Allen C. Bates, and rebuilt upon the site of the old Hodson Brewery. Bates re-exchanged for the original property, tore down the wooden shops, and erected the brick building now occupied by Mr. Heimstreet.

The construction of these articles was conducted by various parties until 1859, when James Harris, Zebediah Guild, R. R. Angell and Leonard Tyler established shops for the manufacture of farming implements on the West Side, near the lower bridge. The business grew apace, and the facilities were enlarged at various times, until 1868, when Harris, Fifield & Co. assumed control. In 1869, it was incorporated with James Harris, E. G. Fifield, Leavett Fifield and Horace Dewey as the corporators. The first Board of Directors under the new regime, consisted of the above-named gentlemen and S. C. Cobb. The original capital stock was $60,000. It has been increased several times, and is now given at |150,000. About one hundred and twentyfive hands are employed. The annual sales amount to $250,000. The implements manufactured by the Harris Manufacturing Company are familiar to agriculturists throughout Wisconsin^ Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and Minnesota. " The Leader" reaper and mower is manufactured largely by the company. The variolis departments of their establishment cover almost two entire squares of ground. The present Board of Directors is as follows : J. B. Crosby, S. C. Cobb, L. L. Robinson, A. P. Lovejoy and C. S. Crosby. The officers are: A. P. Lovejoy^ President; J. B. Crosby, General Manager; L. L. Robinson, Treasurer; Isaac Farnsworth, Secretary ; S. C. Cobb, Superintendent.

The Doty Manufacturing Company. - Pixley, Kimball & Oleson established a general machine-shop in 1853, on the ground originally occupied by Hodson's Brewery, where they made the manufacture of farming implements a specialty for a short time, when the concern passed into the hands of Phelps, Dodge & Co., of New York. In 1865, the property was purchased by Hamilton and R. J. Richardson, who, after making important additions to the original building, and rehabilitating the business to a considerable extent, formed a stock company, in which the Metropolitan Washing Machine Company, of New York, the estate of E. P. Doty, Z. Guild, and the Messrs. Richardson were interested, the two latter gentlemen retaining -a majority of the shares. The attention of the corporators was then turned almost exclusively to the construction of the Doty washing machine ; and, in 1874, over 8,000 of these utensils weremanufactured. Shipments were made to every part of the Union, and some of the work found its way to Australia. About this time, innumerable patent clothes-cleaners were thrown upon the market, and the demand for the Doty necessarily decreased, though their manufacture still continues to some extent. Punching and shearing machines, grain-drills and wind-mills are the principal implements made by this company at the present time.

Carriage and Wagon Factories. - The first carriage and wagon factory was owned and operated in 1844, by John King, father of J. D. King, the present Assistant Postmaster, and R. W. King, the bookseller. It was located on the southeast corner of Milwaukee and BluiT streets. M. S. Ryckman, now with C. Sexton, built the first buggy ever constructed in Janesville, in King's shop. King in 1845, built the shop on the opposite corner and continued the business until 1851, when having built the hotel adjoining, he opened it under the name of JaneSville City Hotel. This he conducted until his death in July, 1852, disposing of his manufacturing interests to Robert Hodge. Uriah Story opened a shop in the old one vacated by King ; but he, also, sold out to Hodge. In 1860, Mr. Hodge took Herman Buchholz in as a partner, and shortly afterward the firm opened a second shop directly opposite the old one. In 1864, the old quarters were abandoned, and the new factory was occupied by Messrs. Hodge & Buchholz, where they have remained permanently ever since. Their shops have been enlarged several times. They manufacture carriages, buggies and light wagons exclusively, employing from fifteen to twenty men. They estimate the amount of business done by them each year at from $20,000 to $25,000.

In 1847-48, Mark Hardy held forth as a manufacturer of plows, wagons, etc., in a rudely constructed wooden shanty on the west side of the river, on a lot now occupied by Skelly Bros, who are in the same business. Hardy was taken with a violent type of a disease then known as the California gold fever, and, in 1849, he " pulled up stakes " in Janesville and cast his lot with the thousands of fortune-seekers who crossed the plains for the Far West. Shortly after his departure, John Tompkinson, a Vermonter, occupied the place with a small stock of material for making and repairing wagons. His business increased rapidly, and more commodious quarters became necessary. In 1853, he erected a three-story brick building and stocked it with everything necessary to carry on a first-class business, but, the concern proved to be pretty much of an elephant, and Tompkinson is said to have lost money. At any rate, he became embarrassed, and, in the midst of the trouble, the structure was burned to the ground. No suspicion attached to Mr. Tompkinson, however, for he was in every way a worthy and upright citizen. Soon after this unfortunate occurrence (in 1858), he with his family moved to Southern Illinois, where he soon sickened and died. William and Henry Skelly constructed a small two-story frame building on the site of Tompkinson's misfortunes, and have since conducted a general repair-shop for farming implements.

About the same time C. Sexton built a plow and cultivator manufactory a few feet farther east, and now carries on the business in conjunction with his son, H. B. Sexton. The gross receipts from the productions of Sexton & Son will probably reach $15,000 a year. They ship their implements in every direction, and Mr. Sexton, Sr., who is but seventy-two years of age, hopes in the course of time to establish quite a trade.

There have been smaller and shorter-lived establishments in this line in Janesville, but their insignificance and the rapid growth of the city entirely efiaces all trace of them.

Woolen Factories. - The business of manufacturing woolen goods was first carried on in Rock County by Mr. Frank Whitaker, who erected a four-story brick building at Monterey, in 1849, and commenced operations in 1850. The capacity of the mill was about fifty thousand yards per year. In 1856, Mr. Whitaker disposed of the factory to Mrs. A. Hyatt Smith, but repurchased it of her in 1860. In 1868, Mr. Whitaker sold to the present owners, viz., William Payne, William Cannon, W. D. Hastings and George C. McLean, and it is now known as the McLean Manufacturing Company ; capital stock, $100,000. The product of this mill amounts to about twelve thousand yards a month, and consists of all grades of goods, including ladies' cloths and fancy cassimeres. It is what is known as a three-set mill, but is equal to a seven-set, the warps used being purchased in Massachusetts.

The Wheeler Manufacturing Company is the - title of another woolen factory, which is located on Main street, a few doors south of the Doty Works. It was built in 1859, the property of F. A. Wheeler, who died nearly a year ago, and is now operated by C. F. Wheeler, son of the deceased, under the firm name of Lawrence & Atwood, who are the nominal proprietors. It was first run on custom work, but gradually developed into a merchant mill. It has one complete set of machinery, with a capacity of 100 yards of cloth per day. Heavy cassimeres and flannels are the fruits of its looms. A large number of country people, with a penchant for indulging an old-fashioned taste for the ancient spinning-wheel, get their roll-carding done at this factory.

In 1847, George W. Hegler, now living in Dyersville, Iowa, brought a small wool-carding machine from Beloit and began operations in the upper story of a building which stood upon the lot now occupied by the Janesville Furniture Company, but the enterprise was abandoned in 1848.

Brick. - The first bricks produced in Rock County were from a kiln burned by C. C. Phelps, in 1843-44. They were of an inferior quality, but met and satisfied the small demand which arose at that early day. In 1846, J. M. Alden commenced the manufacture of brick on a more extended scale, and he, together with others of his family, has continued in the business up to the present time. His first yard was located about half a mile north of the city, on what is known as the Lappin farm. The next kiln burned by Mr. Alden was on " the Island," and the third in the vicinity of Black Hawk Grove, in the Third Ward. As the demand increased, the business was enlarged, until the production reached several millions each year. The Hon. A. Hyatt Smith burned a small kiln of brick at Monterey in 1853, which were used in the construction of the Hyatt House. Mr. Alden is now permanently located in the business on Bluff street near the gas works. The article manufactured by him is principally red brick

Furniture and Cabinet Makers. - M. W. Trask conducted a furniture factory in 1846, on the lot now occupied by houses belonging to J. W. Story, of Chicago, on Main street, opposite the public square.

In 1847, Alvin Miner manufactured furniture over John King's wagon-shop, on Milwaukee street. In 1852, J. F. Morse bought Miner out, and, three years later, formed a partnership with S. A. Martin. The factory was moved to the race just south of Hodson's flouring-mill, in 1860, and, in 1863, Magnus Hanson purchased Martin's interest, the firm becoming Morse, Hanson & Co. Two years ago, Mr. Hanson obtained entire control of the business. He manufactures principally of black walnut, and has a considerable shipping trade in the Northwest.

The next most important factory is owned by W. B. Britton, Fenner Kimball and W. H. Ashcraft, and known as the Janesville Furniture Company. It was established in 1864, and is situated on the race, near the Phoenix Planing-Mill. The company have two salesrooms on the north side of East Milwaukee street, near the post office.

Planing-Mills and Sash Factories. - The manufacture of lumber was quite an industry in the early history of Janesville. As a consequence, numerous planing and sash mills sprang up to prepare the rough boards for building purposes. Hume, Booth & Co., Doty & Burnham, and James Spencer will be remembered as the proprietors of establishments of this character located along the race. The Phoenix Planing-Mill, still in existence, was constructed and operated by Nettleton & Jacks, in 1866. It then became the property of Harvey & Anderson, and is now owned by Shopbell & Norris, who carry on a trade amounting to about $16,000 a year, frequently shipping to points in Indiana and Iowa.

Harness and Saddles. - Among the early settlers who engaged in the manufacture of harness and saddles may be mentioned H. S. Woodruff, (Jhase & Joslyn, A. Shearer, William Wright, H. H. Header and J. M. Riker. The latter carried on very extensive operations up to 1864, when he so'd to Bates & Jenkins. His shops were under the old American House, in Lappin's Block. Two of Mr. Riker's sons now conduct the business opposite the post office. The manufacture of harness proved to be profitable in early days, for a large number of persons engaged in it. The business has since been divided up, and small shops are very numerous.

breweries. - William Hodson owned and operated the first brewery in Janesville. It stood upon ground now occupied by the Doty Manufacturing Company's works. In 1848, the building was struck by lightning and completely destroyed. Hodson rebuilt, and then sold to Henry B. Brunst3r, now in New York. Brunster carried it on through his brother Arthur, who is at present a member of Her Majesty's Parliament in British Columbia. The property passed to the hands of Pixley, Kimball & Co., and the brewery was torn down to make place for less liquid and r&ore substantial enterprises.

In 1853, John Buob built a brewery up the river, half a mile above the railroad, where he manufactured lager beer for thirsty throats. In 1854, Anson Rogers, since Mayor of the city two terms, bought a half-interest from Buob, and they carried on the business together for eight years, at the end of which time, Buob sold to Rogers and went to Jefferson, where ho built a flouring-mill. In 1871, he returned, and, in company with his brother Michael, who had remained in the employ of Rogers, leased the brewery, and they have operated it ever since, turning out about two hundred barrels of beer a month.

Morshe & Wagoner erected the Black Hawk Brewery, near the south end of Main street, in 1856, and after a few years of unsuccessful work, sold the implements to John Roethinger, who- built more commodious quarters hard by, known as the Janesville Steam Brewery. The establishment was entirely destroyed by fire in 1872, insured for about one-third its value. Mr. Roethinger then built the Cold Springs Brewery upon the same site, and operated it for a few years, finally leasing it to Rosa & Bender, who have conducted the business to the present time. The establishment has a capacity of 1,000 barrels a year, lager beer and ale.

John George Todd, an Englishman, is the proprietor of an ale brewery, situated at the east end of the upper bridge. It was established in 1869. About fifty thousand gallons of ale are

Janesville Iron Works. - The crumhling walls of the old Novelty Works, on River street, near the cotton-factory, marks the spot where this institution stood. It was erected about 1852, by Joseph H. Budd, who turned out all kinds of machinery and farming implements, employing; from seventy-five to one hundred men. Its disappearance from the list of manufactories was even more sudden than its advent, and it passed away to make place for a "novelty" enterprise, which also disappeared like a phantom, under the influence of financial difliculties.

Brooms. - At one time, the manufacture of brooms in Janesville was carried on quite 'extensively by Jerry Bates, over Meyer's packing - establishment. During 1855, Mr. Bates fifteen men, and his stock was known far and wide. As the country settled up, small factories were started in the neighboring hamlets, and the demand for the Janesville article necessarily decreased. In 1864, he went to the war, and returning in 1866 he built a shop on Main, corner of Third street, and conducted his business there for six years. He then purchased the ground formerly occupied by Shaw & May's plow shop, on North First street, and built a broom factory thereon, where he now turns out from four thousand to five thousand dozen per year, employing four hands. He ships to various points in Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin, and supplies an extensive local demand.

George Hatherell makes brooms, in a small way, during the winter months, at the east end of the Ipwer bridge. About two hundred dozen were the result of his last winter's work. Patent gates and patent spring-beds occupy Mr. Hatherell's attention during the summer. He commenced operations a year ago.

Tollman s Laboratory. - Among other institutions peculiar to the city of Janesville is a perfumery factory (the property of W. H. Tallman, situated on the southwest corner of Cherry and Pleasant streets), whose atmosphere is redolent with intoxicating scents and essences of the far East. The business was inaugurated in 1858, by W. H. Tallman and Henry W. Collins, who had been associated together as druggists and chemists. Mr. Collins has since died, and Mr. Tallman is now the sole proprietor of the laboratory. The productions of the concern cover .the entire list of perfumeries, toilet waters, court and roll plasters, etc., usually found in first- -class drug stores, and are sold in every part of the Union. It is the only establishment of the kind west of Philadelphia and New York.

Patent Buckles. - Janesville boasts the proud distinction of supplying a large portion of the United States with very superior brands of trace-buckles. The Woodruff Champion Buckle was patented by Mr. H. S. Woodruff, in 1872, and in March, 1873, its manufacture was begun on River street, just north of the railroad. Forty thousand dozen a year is the average production. The castings are made in Buffalo by Pratt & Letchworth, who pay a royalty for the sa-les made by them. Mr. Woodruff has met with much annoyance from infringements of his patent, but he can well afford to go to law, which he frequently does,, as he has grown rich from the sale of a simple trace-buckle. During 1873, Lawrence & Atwood were interested in the Champion Buckle, but Mr. Woodruff is now the sole proprietor.

The Huntress Trace-Buckle, also patented, is manufactured by J. H. Huntress and G. M. Hanchett, at 25 South Main street. His buckle was patented in 1878, and the sales since the first of January have reached 2,000 dozen. The castings are made in Chicago.

Corn-Planters, etc. - A. C. Kent and Frank Lawrence manufacture hand corn-planters and fan-mills, on Main street near North First, where from six thousand to seven thousand of the former and from three hundred to four hundred of the latter have heen built annually for the past eight years. Mr. Rent conducted the business above the gas-works as early as 1865. -There is a demand for their implements throughout the Northwest. Mr. Kent is now engaging a part of his time in experimenting with improved machinery for the manufacture of sugar from the Chinese sugar-cane. He has one hundred acres under cultivation this season.

Janesville Pickling and Packing Works. - Twelve thousand bushels of pickles and 4,000 barrels of krauts, would seem a sufficient quantity of " sour stuff " for the needs of the people of a whole nation, but this is simply the amount Rock County adds to this line of the world's commerce. The above-named establishment is situated about three-quarters of a mile west of the river, a short distance north of the railroad, and was established in 1874. The Directors are E. Gr. Fifield, J. D. Rexford, Henry Palmer and F. S. Eldred. The company also have a similar concern, with a capacity of nearly fifty thousand bushels a year, at Crystal Lake, but it is leased to other parties. Attached to the Janesville institution is a vinegar factory with a capacity of ten barrels per day ; also a large cooper-shop.

Janesville Ootton Manufacturing Qompany. - Six years ago, when a few of the enterprising citizens of Janesville commenced to discuss the question of establishing a cotton-mill at this point, they were regarded by the rest of the inhabitants as a band of escaped lunatics. Mr. Frank Whitaker, of Janesville, and Mr. Jackson, of North Adams, Mass., had been figuring on the project, and the more they continued to investigate the matter the more thoroughly they became convinced that the enterprise was a feasible one, and that within a very short period of time, a handsome return upon the investment would result. Mr. Chester Bailey and Mr. A. J. Ray, both of North Adams, and men of wide experience in the cotton manufacturing business were made familiar with the plans and figures of Messrs. Whitaker and Jackson, and the subsequent mathematical calculations of the two former gentlemen coincided exactly with those of the latter. Messrs. Bailey and Ray were then induced to visit Janesville for the purpose of interesting the citizens. The project was thoroughly canvassed. Communication was opened with cotton dealers and cotton raisers in the South. The cost of laying the raw material down in Janesville, the expense of the necessary power to operate the factory, the rates at which labor could be obtained, the prices at which the goods must be sold - all these questions were considered in detail with an eye to the main point, the profit that would remain. The Janesvillians are not different from other people in this respect ; they will put their money into all kinds of enterprises, providing they can see the shadow of a margin. Those interested in the cotton-factory question, thought they saw their way clear, and so they concluded to invest. On the 29th of August, 1874, a meeting of those interested was called at the Myers House. An organization was perfected, and the following officers and Directors elected: 0. B. Ford, President; John J. R. Pease, Vice President ; F. S. Eldred, Treasurer ; William A. Lawrence, Secretary ; Directors, C. B. Ford, John J. R. Pease, William A. Lawrence, F. S. Eldred, Henry Palmer, Jacob Fisher, Peter Myers, A. J. Ray and L. B. Carle.

A stock company was immediately organized with a capital of $120,000, the shares being all subscribed in Janesville. The company purchased a site on the race, consisting of seven lots between Franklin and River streets and north of Wall street. A water privilege of 3,200, square inches was also secured, and on September 10, 1874, ground was broken for the erection of a building. The structure was completed, ready for the machinery, February 1, 1875. Its dimensions are as follows : Main building of brick, three stories high, 221 feet long and 54 feet wide, with a two-story addition for a picker-room and machine-shop, 35x54 feet, and a onestory boiler-room.

On the evening of the 9th of February, the use of the mammoth structure was donated to the Janesville Sack Company for the purpose of giving an entertainment for the benefit of the poor of the city. It was the largest social gathering ever held in Rock County. It is estimated that over three thousand persons were present. The orchestra was composed of sixtyfour instruments. Dr. Henry Palmer delivered the opening address, and was followed by Dr. J. B. Whiting, Rev. J. P. Bates, Prof. Hoisington, the blind lecturer, Pliny Norcross and John R. Bennett. The speeches were chiefly eulogistic of the enterprising gentlemen at the head of the institution, and abounded in wit and humor. In the remarks of Mr. Bennett, we find the following historical reminiscences :

When I look back to the town as I saw it over twenty-six years ago, with its .Janesville Stage House, kept by Burroughs & Herring ; its one butcher-shop, kept by our worthy townsman Peter Myers ; its one barber-shop, kept by John E. Dixon, now of Monroe ; its low wooden buildings which then lined Main and Milwaukee streets, now replaced by elegant and substantial brick blocks; its l.^OU inhabitants increased to 10,000, 1 realize that our city has not been stationary, but is constantly increasing in wealth and commercial importance.

On the third floor was an animated scene. The vast apartment, with newly whitened walls, was illuminated by means of a number of locomotive head-lights. Dancing was the order o; the evening. Ninety-six sets (768 persons) were on the floor at one time.

Thus dedicated, the building was soon supplied with the latest improved machinery and placed in running order. A few operatives were brought from the East to instruct others employed at home and operations began.

During the first year of the organization, the Board of Directors held sixty-five sessions. But few changes have been made in the Board to the present time. William A. Lawrence has been made President of the Company in place of 0. B. Ford, A. J. Ray superseding Mr. Lawrence as Secretary. E. W. Fisher has become a Director, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of his father, Jacob Fisher.

An addition to the factory was made in 1877. Owing to a sharp competition by Eastern mills, where the rate of wages had been cut down 10 per cent, the company determined to test the capacity of the factory by running it day and night. An extra force of operatives was employed for this purpose, and the 10,000 spindles previously run only during the day, are now made to perform the work of 20,000. The operatives owe no allegiance to Eastern trades unions and receive larger wages than are paid in New York, Massachusetts, etc. Two hundred and fifty hands are employed, two-thirds of them being females. The factory has 400 looms, and there is some talk of increasing this number one-half Three grades of sheeting are manufactured, namely, R. R., heavy, sixty-four threads to the inch ; L. L., medium, fifty-six threads ; Centennial, fifty-two threads. Notwithstanding the fact that larger wages are paid the operatives in this factory than in Eastern mills, these goods are produced at a cost on labor of 1 and 3-10 cents against 1 and 7-10 and 8 cents in the large factories of New England.

In 1877, nearly 700 tons of raw cotton were consumed, costing over $163,000. From this were manufactured 4,857.096 yards of sheetings, the cash value of which was $295,487.09, During 1878, 5,350,901 yards of domestics were produced, at an estimated cash value of $310,- 993.10. The pay-roll for the same period amounted to $70,214.46.

Purchases of raw cotton are made principally in Memphis, Tenn., but, during the. picking season, small lots are obtained direct from planters in Texas, thus saving the percentage usually allowed to "middle-men."

The entire cost of the property was about $206,000. The water-power has been increased to 5,000 square inches, most of which is utilized day and night.

This factory is the only establishment of the kind in the West, and its marvelous success does great credit to its designers. A recent visitor says :

"Do you care to visit the mill with me, and see how cotton becomes cloth V On the second floor, main building, we see the first step in manufacture. Here each bale is opened, and the heavily pressed cotton beaten up by a machine called 'the picker.' This loosened fibre is then run through two 'lappers' (a succession of rollers), which spread and press the material into a continuous thick felt carpet three feet wide, and roll it up. With one of these rolls each of the forty-eight carding machines in the next room is supplied. Imagine a number of Albino ladies with abundant cotton tresses, having their heads brushed with revolving sharp-toothed wire brushes, which an attendant keeps combing ofi", while another di-aws out the thin combings in one continuous, fragile, snow-white curl. This is carding. Twelve of these curls are then twisted together and drawn out into one. (No wonder there is noisy remonstrance from these machine ladies.) Three other similar sets of twelve have their common curl twisted with this one. Then six of these combination curls are rolled in together and even this much enduring tress, I believe, is doubled before being drawn out and spun into the fine, final thread. Let us see! Here is the equivalent of 576 ladies, all together, having their hair gradually pulled out and twisted into one thread. What tyrant man dare deny them the comfort of a tolerably loud and constant machine scolding ? The final spindles revolve six thousand times per minute. The thread passes to them over and between three small leather- coVered rollers, of which the last one revolves faster than the others, thus tending to pull the thread out finer. As these rollers revolve independently of each other, and each can be made to go faster or slower as desired, the tension on the final twist can be so nicely adjusted as to make a uniform thread of just the required fineness and weight. Their present brands of cloth (LL and RR) weigh about four yards to the pound.

-'On the third floor are four pairs of mules, warranted to kick gently, and each with the intelligence of many inventors in his head. A pair carrying sixteen hundred spindles, are tended by one boy. Descending to the ground floor, we find four beautiful machines preparing 'warp,' and 200 looms loudly and industriously gossiping. The continuous thread of their discourse is shuttled back and forth about one hundred and fifty times a minute - I am not quite certain. Any wife who has attempted to time her husband's tongue, knows that is difficult to be exact. A very effective machine for grinding the cards, and two 'sizers,' which starch the thread, will please excuse us for not noticing them sooner. See, also, that most ingenious arrangement for cleaning the cards. While everything is hummingly busy, this lazy wood and iron fellow reaches over the drum, lifts out that long wire brush for card, turns it over slowly, takes off at one scrape all. the adhering short stuff, quietly replaces the card, and, skipping one goes on to the next. Returning, he takes up those alternate ones, which were left out before, I suppose, so that he might have something to do on his way back. These short combings are used, we are told, in making cotton-batting.

"The various bolts of completed. cloth meet at last in a smaller room to be measured and marked. With a kind of sewing machine, run on a short elevated railway, the different pieces are stitched together and rolled into one gigantic roll. From this, the iron measuring-lever draws the cloth and pushing back and forth spreads it in regular yard folds. Nimble, feminine fingers tear off' enough sheeting for a piece, count the exact number of folds to a fraction and mark it down. A girl ties the ends, the marker and baler stamp the trade mark (Badger State Mills, LL.) and makes up a neat bale, the size of a Saratoga trunk, which contain on the average 1,200 yards. Covered with burlap and tightly roped, they are ready for the dray, the cars, the market - for the tears of the poor who m'ourn over shrouds, for the smiles of those who lie down to pleasant dreams."

Batting Works. - E. C. Bailey, son of Chester Bailey. Siiperintendent of the Cotton Factory, and Charles Story established a batting factory at Monterey, in 1875. Shortly afterward Mr. Bailey sold to Story and a Mr. A. E. Burpee. The latter in turn purchased Story's interest, and ran the concern till 1878, when it was discontinued. In January, 1878, Mr. Chester Bailey leased the Guild Building on Franklin street, and opened a cotton batting factory. Soon afterward, a site was procured and a building erected near the railroad, at the head of the race, on the West Side. Tjie factory is operated by a 20-horse-power engine, and turns out about thirteen bales, or six hundred and fifty pounds of batting a day. Machinery is now being placed in the same building for the manufacture of carpet-warp and wrapping-twine. Mr. E. C. Bailey is Superintendent of the institution.

Boot and Shoe Factories. - J. B. Dimock, J. T. W. Murray, James Hutson, John Baxter and F. W. Loudon will be remembered ^s being identified with this interest at an early day. At the present time, however, the business seems to have been concentrated to a great extent. The Janesville Shoe Manufacturing Company, at one time, was a noted institution. It passed to new management in the early part of 1878, and the concern, which is located on South Main street, is now known as the Wisconsin Shoe Company. It was organized February 5, 1878. The Directors are Henry Palmer, G. W. Hawes, William A. Lawrence and Volney Atwood. William A. Lawrence is President and G. W. Hawes, Secretary of the Company. The authorized capital stock is $20,000, with $10,000 paid up. The sales amount to about $125,000 annu^ ally, and are made throughout this State, Illinois, Iowa and Southern Nebraska. The company carries 225 different sizes and styles of Ladies' Misses', Children's, Men's, Boys' and Youths' sewed and pegged kid, goat, grain, calf and serge shoes, all first-class work. Eighty-five workmen are employed.

Cigar-Box Factory. - In 1874, F. G. Stevens, son of Charles Stevens of saw-mill and Stevens House fame, conducted a small cigar-box factory opposite the present post office, but in 1876, moved to Main street, north of JSTorth First street, where he manufactures about two thousand four hundred boxes a week, shipping them to Iowa, Illinois and throughout Wisconsin.

Novelty Works. - Henry A. Doty manufactures novelties - crimpers, fluters, garden and indoor reels - for Lowell & Hayner, of Chicago, having established the business October, 1878, opposite Stevens' box factory.

Mr. Doty also operates a feed-mill, next door to his Novelty works, with a capacity of twenty-four tons per day. The mill has been running about twelve years.

Altogether, the history of the inanufactories which line the banks of Rock River, whereon is built the lovely city of Janesville, is one of marked interest, presenting a wonderful retrospect to those whose useful lives have been spent in establishing these grand improvements. And the end is not yet. If the progress of the past is an evidence of what we may expect in the future, long before the compilers of this book are called to their eternal home the hills and dales of Rock River Valley, where once roamed the wild savage, will resound with the hum of the loom and echo the glad voices of thousands of industrious operatives.

The Gas Works. - Prior to 1856, the people of Janesville were without gas, and dependent upon the tallow candle or oil lamps (rude contrivances those days) for light. In the early part of that year, a stock company was formed, composed of the leading citizens, for the purpose of erecting and operating gas works. Mr. J. Woodward was the contractor. During the construction of the works, the subscribers to the stock failing to pay up as promptly as was necessary, a mortgage for a few thousand dollars was negotiated upon the incomplete building. After the completion of the works the property became involved and was sold to satisfy the mortgage. I Mr. Lock wood bid it in for Milwaukee parties who still own it. Hiram Merrill, the Superintendent of the works, is largely interested. Many improvements have been made, including the addition of several retorts. Pipes have been laid throughout the city, gas being in general use in the business houses and private residences. The price of gas during the first few years after its introduction here, was $4 per 1,000 feet. Reductions have been made until it is now f2.80. The works are located on Bluff street, near the railroad.

The Morocco Factory. - In 1877, E. W. Hilt and a Mr. Scott established a factory in Janesville for the purpose of manufacturing morocco. Changes in the proprietorship have keen very frequent. Jerome & Trott and Edward Whiton succeeded Mr. Scott. The first two gentlemen soon retired, leaving Messrs. Hilt & Whiton in the management. Bassett, Bliss & Butler soon joined the firm, this action being followed by the retiring of Dr. Butler in favor of J. C. Echlin. Mr. Hilt sooii took entire charge of the factory and carried it on until March last, when G-. F. Banks became interested, and the business has since been conducted under the firm name of Gr. F. Banks & Co. The factory is located on the West Side, near Buob's Brewery. Goat skins are obtained from South America and Europe.

Theaters And Halls

Janesville has always had a reputation - and justly, too - for being what is termed among professional managers "a good show town." Besides the liberal patronage bestowed upon the itinerant theatrical companies, home talent has always received the greatest encouragement from the citizens. As early as 1849, traveling troupes came to Janesville. The only place resembling a theater at that day was Apollo Hall, in Lappin's Block - that portion of it which was built south of the present stairway entrance. In 1851, the representatives of one pf the later tribes of Indians then extant in Wisconsin, passed through Janesville on their way to Washington to see the " Great Father," about certain landed rights which they claimed had been infringed. They were in command of an enterprising white man, who brought them out in Apollo Hall in a grand war-dance.

History Of Eock Couxty

Lappin's Hall was built soon afterward in Thomas Lappin's brick block, on the corner of Main and Milwaukee streets. It became the popular place for all kinds of entertainments, local and otherwise, and remained as such until 1870, when Peter Myers completed his Opera House in the rear of the Myers House. Lappin's Hall has ever since remained the favorite place for the production of the drama, opera or concert by local companies. Languishe & Atwater will be remembered as popular managers of various combinations at this hall.

Myers' Opera House was opened in July, 1870, by the Russian Concert Troupe," who billed for two nights. The building stands on the southwest corner of Milwaukee and Bluff streets, is two stories high and cost, when completed, between $26,000 and $26,000. The Opera House portion of the building is in the second story, and is 110x44 feet in size. It has two galleries and will seat 900 people. The stage is 32 feet deep with an opening 25 feet wide, and two proscenium boxes on either side. Surmounting the crest of the auditorium is a life-size painting of - not the immortal Bard of Avon^but Peter Myers. The theater is well provided with exits, and is well arranged for the convenience of professionals, there being an entrance to the stage from the hotel. A glance at the book in which are written the names and dates of the different attractions will bring forth many pleasant recollections of familiar " stars." Following the Russian Concert Troupe, we find the Royal Japanese Jugglers, McKean Buchanan, Adelaide Phillips, Commodore Foote, Laura Keene, Edwin Adams, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, " The Fat Boy,'' Kate Field, Anna Dickinson, Lawrence Barrett, Joseph Jefferson, Victoria C. Woodhull, Theodore Tilton, the Black Crook, Matt Carpenter, "Buffalo Bill," Fox's Humpty Dumpty, Caroline Bernard-Richings, J. K. Emmett, May Fiske's Blondes, the Mendelssohn Quintette Club of Boston, Olive Logan, Tom Thumb, Camille Urso, Salsbury's Troubadours, -Joe Murphy, the Rice Evangeline Combination, Lewis Morrison, Julia Rive King, the Hyer Sisters, that prevailing epidemic, " H. M. S. Pinafore," with Pauline Markham as " Little Buttercup," John T. Raymond, the Georgia Minstrels and John Dillon.

Chinese Settlement

When the pages of this history shall have become worn with age, and the 400,000,000 Chinese, whom Dennis Kearney, in his political predictions, tells us will come to America, shall have supplanted Christian civilization with a blightful paganism, it will be a matter of interest to the few Anglo-Saxons then remaining to know something of the first Mongolian settlement in Janesville. Chang Wing preceded the invasion several thousand years, leaving Canton, on the southern coast of China, about A. D. 1877, for Janesville. Chang Wong Cheung, his thirteenth cousin, followed within a month, crossing the broad Pacific m a rudely constructed vessel propelled by a steam engine of 5,000 horse-power, the invention of a Western barbarian. Wo Gee, also of the family of Chang, was the next arrival. The three Celestials opened a wash-house under the Myers House, where they grew rich cleansing the native linen at |1 per dozen.

On the 10th of April, 1865, a charter was granted by the State Legislature to the Young Men's Association of the city of Janesville. The incorporators were E. F. Welch, E. D. Coe, H. Williston, William Smith, Jr., P. T. Enright, A. Skelley, J. C. Spencer, W. H. Wilson, J. A. Foster, L. J. Nash, R. Carey and D. J. Armstrong. The objects of the Association were to establish and maintain a library, to institute literary and scientific debates and lectures, and to provide other means of moral atid intellectual culture. Its membership spread until it included the greater portion of the young and middle-aged men engaged in professionaland mercantile pursuits in this city. The Association has been the means of bringing some of the most learned lecturers of the present age to Janesville. It has also exercised a considerable influence in politics, many of its members having been elected to olBce through its agency. The Association has a library numbering about 2,500 volumes. In maintaining this library, it has had no outside assistance, with the exception of one year, when the City Charter was amended, giving one-half the receipts from liquor licenses in aid of the Association, but this was repealed the following year. It is the only circulating library in the county, and has been a source of benefit in furnishing valuable reading matter to the public. It has maintained, with few interruptions, weekly debates on various topics of interest. Among the many individuals who have become graduates, as it were, of this institution, may be mentioned George R. Peck, at one time United States District Attorney of Kansas; William Kennedy, District Attorney of Outagamie County, and J. W. Sale, now serving his third term as District Attorney of Rock County . The present officers are as follows ; George G. Sutherland, President ; W. T. Vankirk, Vice President; S. H. Hudson, Recording Secreta,ry ; J. B. Doe, Jr., Corresponding Secretary; E. M. Hyzer, Treasurer. The Association is located in the old post-office building, at the east end of Milwaukee street bridge.

Fire Department

This institution, which dates its organization from the formation of a hook and ladder company, is not unlike the fire departments of other Western towns. After the burning of Hodson's Brewery, which stood where the Doty manufacturing shops now are, on May 7, 1848, and the destruction of Richardson's Mill, on the race, in February, 1850, the few business men of ' the village organized a hook and ladder company, which was equipped in the following summer, with a truck of the most unique pattern. It was of home manufacture, the product of Hardy & Thompkins' shops, which stood on the ground now occupied by C. Sexton & Son. The Rescue Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, was the title of the organization. Martin Dewey was the first Foreman, and Robert Christie his assistant. Christie succeeded Dewey as Foreman, and he in turn was superseded by William Kemp. The company was uniformed with the usual red shirt and leather helmet hat. Ex-Alderman William Hemming and ex-Chief Engineer John R. Hodson claim to be the first two men who appeared in fireman's uniform in Janesville. This company went to pieces upon the organization of the engine companies, but was present and did good service at the burning of the Stevens House in 1853.

The "oldest inhabitant" of the city fails to call to mind the location or date of the first fire. Some say it was on West Milwaukee street near Davis Bros.' grocery store, while others aver that the first blaze occurred on South Main street. The first fire of any importance, however, was that of William Hodson's brewery. The loss occasioned by this fire is placed at $7,000; no insurance. This also includes the destruction of Mr. Hodson's residence, which contained a valuable library. Following this was the burning of the Stevens House on April 1. 1853. The old settlers often refer to this fire, as it occurred on the day of the first city election, and during a terrible windstorm.

The greatest fire in the history of Janesville was the Hyatt House, January 11, 1867. The loss on the building and furniture was about $160,000, with but little insurance. One of the servant girls was burned to death. Next came the Congregational Church, May 1, 1875 ; loss about $60,000, partly insured. The Big Mill was burned June 29, 1871 ; the American House, January 12, 1868; Morse, Hanson & Co.'s furniture factory, January 14, 1867. In 1866, an extensive conflagration occurred on North Main street. After the burning of the Stevens House in 1853, the property owners agreed that it was necessary that better means to extinguish fires should be provided, and, under the leadership of Frank S. Lawrence and William Kemp, the first engine company was organized in October, 1854, with Mr. Lawrence as Foreman. It was known as Rock River Engine Company, No. 1. G. S. Strasberger succeedel Mr. Lawrence as Foreman, October, 1855, and held that office until the company was disbanded, July, 1861. The company was composed of some of the best men in the city, had won several prizes at fairs and been a valuable protector of property in Janesville. It was disbanded by order of the Common Council because the members had disobeyed the orders of the Chief Engineer in having taken their engine to Monroe on the Fourth of July.

In February, 1856, William Kemp called a meeting of the citizens at the oiEce of Messrs. Pease & Eldredge, for the purpose of organizing a fire company, which was responded to by a large number of prominent men. At this meeting, Water Witch Company No. 2, was organized, with William Kemp as Foreman ; T. B. Wooliscroft, Assistant Foreman ; B. B. Eldredge, Secretary, and D. G. Farwell, Treasurer. In the winter of 1855, the Common Council purchased two second-class Button hand engines, which were delivered to the city in June of the same year. No. 1 engine took the west side of the river and No. 2 the east side. Water Witch No. 2, has been a competitor in a great many tournaments in different parts of the State, and, with but two exceptions, always came home with "the broom on her deck." This company claims to be the oldest fire company in service in the State. The following persons have filled the office of foreman : William Kemp, W. S. Chase, William A. Eager, C. P. King, Henry Hemming, Henry Richards, Adam Skelly, George Pickering, John Gorman, John R. Hodson, R. P. Young, M. H. Keating, James Foster, Lewis Tramblie and John C. Spencer. This company is now supplied by a second-class Button steam engine drawn by horses. The boys have a private fire alarm at each member's house, and say they can " go to the street with apparatus in ten seconds."' The present officers are : John 0. Spencer, Foreman ; James Foster, Hose Captain ; John Slightam, Engineer and Treasurer; W. C. Phillips, Clerk.

After the disbandment of Engine Company No. 1, the same men organized themselves into a fire company, and styled it Washington Company No. 3 ; but since they exchanged their hand engine for a steamer, they have been known as Washington Engine Company No. 1. They have a second-class Silsby (rotary) steam engine. The following persons have held the office of foreman : M. H. Curtis, D. C. Ward, D. H. McChesney, John T. Wilcox, 0. Brooks, T. Mahon, H. W. Dewey, John Kelly and John F. Ehrlinger. The present officers are : John F. Ehrlinger, Foreman ; William Brooks, Hose Captain; George M. Ehrlinger, Secretary; William Airis, Treasurer ; A. A. Dresser, Engineer.

In 1868, the city purchased two steam fire engines, and disposed of the hand-engines. No. 1 going to Two Rivers, in this State, and No. 2 to Waterloo, Iowa. In 1876, the rotary engine was condemned by the city, and a new one of the same class procured.

Eagle Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, was organized in December, 1856, with Joseph B. Rothschild as Foreman. The name was afterward changed to Rescue, and the following summer the company received a handsome truck from New York. A frame house was built for their use in the rear of the Hyatt House. The foremen have been J. B. Rothschilds, William B. Britton, W. Weston, William T. Paul, Daniel Dowling, R. B. Treat, James Shearer, James Clark, Peter Gliem, Thomas Mahon. The present officers are : Thomas Mahon, Foreman ; Anthony Brown, Assistant Foreman ; W. G. Metcalf, Secretary ; Patrick Farrell, Treasurer, This company is in great need of modern apparatus.

Sack Company No. 1, was organized in 1855, with Ira Justin, Jr., as Foreman. It is composed principally of business men, who act simply as a fire police. There are twenty men in the company. The following named persons have acted as foremen : Ira Justin, Jr., S. C. Spaulding, E. H. Bennett, Charles Holt, M. C. Smith, R. J. Richardson, E. L. Dimock, W. H. Tallman, John J. R. Pease. H. S. Shelton, Hamilton Richardson, W. G. Wheelock, J. M. Bostwick, M. B. Johnson, J. A. Webb, Cyrus Miner, W. T. Vankirk, J. W. St. John, C. S. Crosby, J. R. Botsford, J. A. Deniston, John Griffith, L. B. Carl. Following are the present officers : L. B. Carl, Foreman ; G. A. Libby, Assistant Foreman ; ' E. B. Heimstreet, Secretary ; W. B. Britton, Treasurer.

The following persons have held the office of Chief Engineer of the Janesville Fire Department : Gilbert Dolson, Ira Justin, Jr., William B. Britton, James Hemming, William M. D, Burt, S. Foord, Jr., Henry Richards, Randall Williams, James Clark, John R. Hodson, James Shearer, J. W. St. .John, R. P. Young, John T. Wilcox, Peter Gliem, H. W. Dewey William Cunnirigham.

On the 5tli of March, 1857, an act incorporating a Benevolent Society of the Fire Department of the city of Janesville was passed by the State Legislature. The incorporators were : W. W. Holden, President ; J. De Witt Rexford, Vice President ; J. H. Vermilye, Secretary ; P. A. Kimball, Treasurer ; Felix Barrere, Collector. The purposes of the Society were to look after the sick and indigent members of the department, and afford them relief. The first money paid into its treasury was a donation from the Hon. J. J. R. Pease, in acknowledgement of services rendered by the boys in extinguishing a fire at his residence in 185T. Each of the fire companies in the city is represented in the society by two delegates. The present officers are as follows : W. T. Vankirk, President ; Thomas Mahon, Vice President ; John F. Ehrlinger, Secretary ; James Shearer, Collector ; John Kelly, Treasurer.

Jf. Cr. AliDEW, grocer; born in Union, Knox Co., Me., March 1, 1819; was in grocery business in Bangor' till 1846, then came to Janesville, where he continued in the same business. Married Alvitia Miller, of Bangor, in October, 1842 ; she was born in Wiscasset, Me. They have two children - Frank and Louise. Mr. Alden has been Coroner of Rock Co. ; Deputy Sheriff four years ; Supervisor of Rock, ten years, and Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms, one term in Madison Legislature.

JAMEIKi M. AliDEIU, briokmaker ; born in Clarcmont, N. H., Feb. 9, 1813. Married Catherine Alden May 1, 1837 ; she was born Aug. 14, 1811. They have six children living - lost two ; those living are Albert, Edward, Levi, Emma, Mary and Rose, aged 41, 39, 37, 35, 29 and 28 years, respectively. Mr. Alden came to Janesville in the fall of 1845 ; he made the brick for the first church built in Janesville.

E. C BAIIiEY, Superintendent of cotton-batting mills; came to Janesville March 17, 1875 ; was previously engaged in same business in North Adams, Mass., where be also manufactured carpet warp and wrapping twine. He was born in Williamstown, Mass., Nov. 11, 1845. Married Jane E. Tower March 13, 1845 ; she was born in the town of Petersburg, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., March, 1847. They have two children - Arthur E. and Walter R., aged 12 and 8 years, respectively. The family attend M. E. Church. Mr. Bailey belongs to the Odd Fellows, the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and Sons of Temperance.

JOSEPH JBAKEIC (deceased), Janesville. The subject of this sketch was born at Concord, N. tl., June 13, 1806; his father shortly afterward removed to Canada, and engaged in farming in that new and primitive country. Here the boy grew up to manhood, with no edncational advantages except such as the district schools of that time afforded, save, perhaps, one term at an academy. At the age of 21, he shouldered his pack and made his way back to New Hampshire. After hard work and many discouragements, he returned again to Canada. In time, he studied theology with Rev. Joseph Ward, a Universalist minister, and was ordained at Stanstead, L. C, Oct. 3, 1833, as a minister in the Northern Association of Universalists. He married Alzina Ward, a daughter of his preceptor, May 12, 1836 ; preached in Vermont, Canada, and different points in New York, coming to the village of Janesville in June, 1850, from Grlens Falls, N. Y. He was for ten years, or more, the Pastor of the Universalist Society in Janesville, the services being held in the old wooden Court House surmounting the hill, which primitive temple of justice was finally d.stroyed by an incendiary fire. In January, 1853, Mr. Baker enteredupon his dutiess aeditor of the Janesville Free Press, a paper published by an association of Free Democrats. By a notable coincidence, the first number of the sheet in question was issued on the day of the celebration of the first arrival of a train on the railroad, then the Milwaukee & Mississippi Railroad. He remained at the head of this paper until 1866, striking vigorous blows for human freedom, and against the exactions of the slave power. Afterward, he was editor of the Delavan Messenger, Albany Times and Janesville liepublican, from the sanctum of which last paper he went into the army, enlisting as a private in Co. E, 13th W. V. I., notwithstanding that his age, 55, exempted him. As a soldier, he did duty in the hospital department, caring for his sick comrades until his health gave way, and he was mustered out in 1863. A f the war, he was twice elected Justice of the Peace, in Janesville. He died Feb. 20, 1873, and his funeral services were conducted by the Odd Fellows, of which Order he had been many years a prominent member. His remains rest in Oak Hill Cemetery.

Joseph Baker, in the language of his cotemporaries, was " a clergyman of unusual power, and a vigorous newspaper writer ; " ''a man of ability and influence ; his integrity and moral character were never called in question." He was a self-made man, working his way up in the face of, all the obstacles incident to pioneer life, such as we in this later day know nothing of, except by hearsay. His widow died in November, 1878. His son, C. W. Baker, is still a resident of Janesville.

C APT. C. W. BAKEiR, printer ; son of Rev. Joseph Baker, a Universalist clergyman, who edited the first Republican paper in Janesville; Capt. B. was born in Cambridge, Vt., March 10, 1842 ; has followed the printing business more or less since 1853. Enlisted in 1861, in the 13th W. V. I., Co, B ; in 1862, was transferred to the 22d Wis. ; afterward promoted to Captain of Co. A, 14th U. S. C, I. ; served till April 26, 1866 ; about this time, was promoted to Brevet Major of U. 8. V. for distinguished gallantry at Decatur, Ala., and Nashville ; was taken prisoner March 5, 1863, and confined in Libby Prison until paroled ; belonged while in service to the Department of the Cumberland, and was through the various campaigns of this Division. Married Texanna Burgess on Christmas, X865 ; she was born in Janesville March 14, 1845 ; they have had three children, one living - Nellie C, born June 2, 1877 ; Gage B. and Mary V. deceased. Mr. B. lived several years in Chattanooga after the close of the war ; was most of the time engaged in the newspaper business. He was commissioned first Captain of Janesville Veterans, but has recently resigned.

JOSEPH P. BAKER, of the firm of Stearns & Baker, druggists; was born in PhiladeU phia; came to Rock Co. with his parents in 1854, and is a son of John and Margaret Baker, now residents of Janesville ; Mr. J. P. B. learned the drug business in the store of Andrew Palmer, of this city ; was with him nine years; afterward for three years was a commercial traveler; in October, 1878, formed a copartnership with Henry C. Stearns. Married Jaaet M. Galletly Oct. 23, 1874 ; she was born on Long Island, N. Y. ; have one daughter - Jennie M.

CjtEORG-E BARNES, flouring-mills ; came to Milwaukee in October, 1842; remained there till December, 1843, when he came to Janesville; engaged in business as contrarotor and builder till 1871, when he commenced his present business. Mr. B. served one term as Alderman of the Second Ward, two terms ifi Third Ward, serving in that position at the present time. Married Jane B. Allen in July, 1843 ; they have one daughter - Mary A., now the wife of C. W. Hobson, of Janesville.

DR. Li. J. BARROWS, born in Otsego Co., N. Y. ; he is a graduate of Williams College, N. Y., and the Buffalo Medical University ; fbr a short time previous to his removal to Janesville, he practiced in the N. Y. State Lunatic Asylum; came to Janesville in 1850, and has been engaged in the practice of his profession ever since; he also carried on a drug business from 1853 to 1858. Has been Trustee of the Wisconsin Blind Institute, Clerk of the School Board, Director of the First National Bank ; was for several years Chairman of the Inspecting Committee of the Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane.

JOHlDir M. BAUHAN, proprietor of saloon and bottler of beer, etc. ; born in Germany July 14, 1839; came to Watertown, Wis., in 1862 and to Janesville in 1863; engaged in farming for two years, afterward for eight years was foreman of Rogers' (now Buobs') Brewery ; since then, he has been engaged in the saloon business, and, in 1878, added the bottling department. He is President of the Concordia Society, and has been connected with it since the first year of its organization ; he is also a member of the A. 0. U. W. Married Miss Hannah Stenge Sept. 25, 1868 ; she was born in Germany; they have four children - Augusta, born Aug. 5, 1869 ; George, July 30, 1871 ; Edward, Dec. 30, 1872 ; John, Dec. 2, 1875.

ElVSKwlV H. BENIVETT, capitahst; born in Batavia, Genesee Co., N. Y. ; removed from there to Janesville in June, 1844 ; engaged in general merchandise business in September, 1844, which he carried on until 1850; from then to 1854, was in dry-goods business exclusively. In 1852, he was elected President of the 8. Wis. R. R. Co., and had control of the business of that Company for about two years ; since then he has devoted his attention to real estate and other investments.

JOHIV R. BENNETT, was bom at Rodman, Jefferson Co.. N. Y., on the 1st day of November, 1820 ; he was the second son and third child of Daniel Bennett and Deborah Leeds Bennett, whose maiden name was Spioer ; his father and mother were descended from English Puritan ancestors, who settled in the State of Connecticut about the year 1640. His father was born in the town of Stonington, in that State, on the 16th day of February, 1793, the fourth son of David Bennett and Rebecca Bennett, whose maiden name was Miner, and David was the son of Stephen and Mehitable Bennett. His mother was the daughter of William Spider and Hannah Spicer, whose maiden name was Hannah Leeds, being the daughter of Gideon Leeds, of the city of Leeds, England. His father being a farmer in comfortable circumstances the son worked at home on the farm, attending the common district school until the fall of 1839, when he commenced attending the Black River Literary and Religious Institute, located at Watertown, N. Y., and prepared for teaching school, which he engaged in that fall, and, from that time until the month of April, 1844, continued attending this school at Watertown, and teaching district and select schools ; he then entered upon the study of law in the office of Western W. ^Vager, at Brownville, in Jefferson Co., N. Y., reading with him about six months. On the 28th day of November, 1844, at Hounsfield, Jefferson Co., N. Y., he was married to Miss Elsie L. Holloway, the daughter of Charles and Chloe Holloway, whose sweet and gentle influence has ever tended to lead him in the proper and pleasant paths of life, and to be under the guidance of the better angel of his nature ; the purity of her life, the wisdom of her counsel and the comfort of her society, are still continued to him by a beneficent Providence, and are the sources of his greatest happiness. In the month of April, 1845, he commenced reading law in the office of Dyre N. Burnham, of Sacketts Harbor, N. Y., and continued reading with him until the 8th d'ay of May, 1848, when he was admitted to practice in all the courts of that State. On the 2d day of October, 1848, he started for the West, reaching Janesville, Wis., Oct. 13, where he located and has since practiced his profession ; he has no children, but has adopted two sisters, Minnie and Kitty Parry, whu have assumed his name and have been with him now over twenty years, and are the light and joy of hi.s home ; they have been with him since they were respectively 4 and 2 years of age. Mr. Bennett's practice, which has gradually increased from its commencement at Janesville, is confined mostly to Rock, Walworth, Jefierson and Glreen Cos. and the Supreme Court of the State. Prom 1863 to 1867, he held the office of District Attorney of Rock Co., and, in 1860, was a delegate to the National Republican Convention, held at Chicago, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for President ; without being a candidate, he was nominated, in 1875, by the Republican State Convention for Attorney General, but was defeated with the rest of "bhe ticket, with the exception of Harrison Ludington,the candidate for Governor. In religious belief he is a New Churchman, or Swedenborgian, as the members of this denomination are more frequently called; they hold that the sacred Scriptures, unlike all human compositions, contain within the letter a spiritual sense as far above the literary sense in beauty, brightness and power, as the immortal soul excels the perishable body, in which it " groans in this life, being burdened;" he counts it a fortunate circumstance that his ancestors, so far as he has any knowledge of them, were deeply religious; and for the pious instruction received from his parents, who now, he trusts, occupy the everlasting abode.s of the blessed, he is under a debt of gratitude which can never be repaid.

D. M. BOND, physician and surgeon ; born in West Virginia ; moved from there to Rook Co. in 1853 ; located at Johnstown Center, where he was engaged in practice until he came to Janesville in 1 877 ; he is a graduate of the University of Virginia and Chicago Medical College. He married Mary J. Swisher, daughter of Isaac Swisher, of Virginia ; they have three children - Florence V., Frank Lewis and Lilian M.

WALTER ItRITT, farmer. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Janesville ; born in Waterford Co., Ireland, eight miles from the city of Waterford, in 1832; came to America in 1856 ; lived in the Eastern States till 1859, when he moved to Wiscon.sin, locating in Janesville, Rock Co. ; owns 80 acres. Married Winifred Baldwin, born near the city of Limerick, County Clare, Ireland, in 1843; had two boys - Walter, born May 7, 1862; Francis, July 4, 1870. Mr. Britt was formerly married to Mrs. Putnam Huderly, of Pelham, N. H., she having; one daughter by him - Elizabeth, who is now the wife of Mr. James O'Flaherty.

F. HERMAN BUCHHOLZ, carriage-maker; born in April, 1839, in Germany; came to America in 1857, settled in Janesville, and engaged in present business. Married Dretha Passuin, January, 1863 ; she was born in Berlin, Germany, March, 1842 ; they have four children - Willie, Ida, George and Carl, aged 14, 12, 4 and 4 respectively, the last two being twins. Mr. B. is Past Master of United Work men .

AUSTIN JB. BURPEE, lumber dealer; came to Janesville in 1854, engaged in business as contractor and builder till 1864 ; for twelve years, he was U. S. Revenue Agent, having entire supervision of the revenue offices of AVisconsin, except a year and a half, which he spent in Louisiana, in the revenue service ; after leaving Government employ, he was engaged in the manufacture of cotton batting, in Janesville, until December, 1878 ; he was City Assessor in 1863 ; also served one year as Under Sheriff, and several years as Deputy U. S. Marshal. Mr. Burpee was born in Canada, of American parentan'e but lived in Mt. Morris, Livingston Co., N. Y., from infancy until he came West. Married Miss Eliza Chapin, of Edinburg, Saratoga Co., N. Y.

H98 Biographical Sketches

DR. A. P. BURRIS, physician and dentist ; born in Kane Co., Penn., in 1825 ; came to Wisconsin in 1859, and to Rock Co. in 1862. Married to Mary Jones, "in Portage Co., Ohio ; tliey have two boys - A. J. Burris, aged 22 ; David Burris, aged 11 ; invented a steam engine to use in filling. ,

A. H. CAIjDWKIiLi, florist; came to Janesville in the fall of 1842, with his father-in-law; in 1844, he purchased 80 acres on Sec. 3 north, of Range 12 ; was born in 1819, April 12, in the village of Roseland, near Edinburg, Scotland. Married Miss Helen Hislop, daughter of Robert and Janette Hislop, of Scotland; they have three children - Caroline C, Janette E. and Helen A. He went to California in 1852, worked in the mines and also at his trade of bootmaking, at Downieville ; returned home in 1859 ; he now is in the greenhouse business, with headquarters at Janesville; raises all kinds of plants and shrubbery ; is liberal in religion and politics.

ALiMERINE M. CARTER. The subject of the following sketch, descended from a long line of distinguished ancestors, all tillers of the soil, realizes in his own life, perhaps as much as any other man now living, the fulfillment of the prophecy so beautifully paraphrased by Mrs. Hale, regarding those who cultivate the soil : i ~ " ' Go till the soil,' said God to man,

How wise the law divine ! And none of Adam's race can draw A title, save beneath this law, To hold the world in trust ; Earfi is the Lord's, and he hath sworn That ere Old Time has reached his bourn

Mr. Carter has spent nearly the whole of his active life as a farmer, and now enjoys that respect, confidence and affection of his fellow-citizens which a useful and upright life alone can permanently secure. He was born in Litchfield Co., Conn., Oct. 4, 1814, and is the son of Guy and Serepta (Marshall) Carter, of the same State ; the Carters claim descent from English ancestors who settled at Litchfield, Conn., about the year 1690 ; their descendants, who are now quite numerous, are found in most of the States of the Union, have generally been husbandmen, imbued with Puritanic principles, and mostly connected with the old Presbyterian and Baptist Churches ; his grandfather, Adonijah Carter, a man of high moral character and sterling religious principles, died at Litchfield, Conn., in 1820, in the 79th year of his age ; his father moved to the State of New York in 1815, and settled at Paris, Oneida Co., whpre he purchased a large farm, and followed the occupation of husbandry all his life ; in 1855, he removed to Johnstown, Wis., where he died in 1857 ; he was a man of more than ordinary intelligence and considerable local infiuence, and was for a number of years a Trustee of the Madison University of N'ew York, a Baptist educational institute of some eminence ; the mother of our subject was a woman of most exemplary character, intelligent, hospitable and self-sacrificing, always studying the interests and welfare of those around her ; she was also noted as a musician and sweet singer, a quality which she transmitted to her posterity, and especially to our subject ; she died in 1855, leaving behind a memory fragrant with good deeds and holy precepts. Our subject was the eldest of a family of five children, three boys and two girls, and was named after his maternal grandfather, who was a wealthy merchant in Pennsylvania, and who lost his life at the burning of the theater in the city of Richmond, Va., in 1811, the Governor of Virginia and some forty or fifty others perishing in the same catastrophe ; he was educated at Hamilton Academy, N. Y., from which he graduated in 1832 ; determining to pursue the business of husbandry, he purchased a large farm in Oneida Co., N. Y., on which he remained until 1843, when, following the tide of empire, he removed to the Territory of Wisconsin and settled at Johnstown, Rock Co., which has since been his home ; he entered a farm of Government land, the deed to which was signed by President John Tyler, and in real earnest set about the business of taming the wilderness, which, under his strong hand, guided by his consummate skill and taste, has long since been made to " rejoice and blossom as the rose ; " he was one of the most successful and dextrous farmers of the West. He was never ambitious for office, but, being a gentleman of more than ordinary capacity, of high education and refined manners, he has been frequently selected by his fellow-citizens to fill positions of trust and honor, upon which he has always reflected the highest credit ; he was one of the first Commissioners of Rock Co., and has held various town offices and other positions from his fellow-citizens ; he was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1847-48, which framed the Constitution now in force in the State, serving on the committee of fifteen, of which the late Byron Kilbourn was Chairman (which mapped out the business for the various other committees, and was facetiously designated aa the " breaking team"), being one of its most practical members ; he has recently written a history of that Convention, which is quite an elaborate and racy document, contaioing some finely drawn pen pictures of prominent members of that body ; Mr. Carter is the only one of six colleagues from Rock Co., now a resident of Wisconsin ; four are deceased, and one is a citizen of another State ; from the document referred to, we make the following extracts, which are mainly in the liue of our work : " We were then a sparsely settled Territory, numbering only 210,000 souls; now we are a large and prosperous State. Then, Wisconsiu was the Far West,' Minnesota was not known ; now, the western boundary of population, enterprise and wealth of the nation is the Pacific Ocean. Then, our people were poor ; now, there is great wealth among us. Then, no railroad had reached Lake Michigan ; now, the whole country is marked into squares by the iron band, and the steam-horse snorts in every locality. The Convsntion was composed of sixty-nine members, mostly youn;r men, and men of energy, who had left luxurious homes in the East to seek fame and fortune in the West. They were proud of their adopted State, and had met to frame a fundamental law, under which their children should live happily. There was earnestness and determiaation depicted upon each countenance as they took their respective seats. To trace the after career of some of these men may not be uninteresting. The President was Morgan L. Martin, who served in the Legislature of 1S74. Two of tlie members have been Governors of the State - Harvey and Lewis ; while the Judiciary of the State has been largely and honorably represented by others ; Whiton graced the bench from the organization of the State until his death ; Orsamus Cole first represented his district ably and well in Congress, and has, for the last nineteen years, done the State distinguished service upon the supreme bench ; Larrabce has been on the judicial bench, a member of Congress, and at present is a distinguished citizen of Oregon ; Gale has been upon the bench, and scarcely has there been a Legislature since in which one or more of them have not occupied seats ; twelve have left the State ; of these. Reed has been a Governor of Florida ; Reymert, a man of wealth in New York City ; Easterbrook is a prominent citizen of Nebraska, and all are occupying distinguished positions ; eighteen have died." Such is a brief extract from a document brimful of the most important historic matter, and destined to an honored place among the records of the State Historical Society. In 1868, just twenty years after the Constitution was framed, Mr. Carter was elected to the State Legislature, and served much of the session as Chairman of the House Committee oh Corporations ; since then, he has declined all overtures to office, and has resided in ease and quietness at his home in Johnstown. He is a member of the Johnstown Fire Insurance Company. He has gone through the chairs of the Odd Fellows' fraternity, and is a member of the Granger organization, having been the presiding officer in his district since the Society was organized ; he has been for twenty-five years a member and Secretary of the Society for the Suppression of Horse-stealing, an organization which has done more toward the abatement of this species of plunder than all the laws and law officers of the State. In a word, Mr. Carter is an honest, truthful and capable man, both in public and in private life, ardently attached to those things which are true, good and just, hating oppression in all its forms, ever ready to rebuke meanness wherever it showed its head. In politics, he is a consistent, intelligent and active Republican ; he ever held that all men should be unfettered in running the race of life, hence the system of human slavery ever found in him an honorable but unrelenting foe ; and when that accursed system organizpd a rebellion against our Government, too old himself to undergo the privations and hardships of camp life, ho sent an only son to uphold and sustain the just cause of his country. But the crowning excellence of his character is his quiet, unostentatious religious life ; the sweetness and fragrance of his daily walk is a constant blessing to the community in which he resides, and when Iw shall be finally called to his long home, it shall be justly said of him, '' mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace ; " he was one of the organizers of the Johnstown Congregational society in 1844, and has ever since led the psalmody in the congregation, being rarely absent from his post on the Sabbath ; he is, moreover, one of the most generous contributors to the support of the organization. He has been twice married; first, Sept. 26, 1836, in Goshen, Conn., to Miss Dolly A., daughter of Timothy Wadman, of that place ; she died in 1847, leaving two children surviving her, namely, Ellen, wife of E. L. Carter, a merchant in Mendota, 111., and Charles, who served his country throughout the late war, and is now a successful merchant in Johnstown; Mr. Carter's second marriage was to Miss Sarah Wedge, daughter of Asa Wedge, of Warren, Conn.; she is the mother of one daughter - Frances W., a young lady of superior education and accomplishments, especially noted as a musician. The deceased Mr.s. Carter was a lady of rare beauty of person, of the most amiable temper and engaging manners, of high intellectual and social attainments, and an exemplary member of the Baptist Church, beloved and revered by all who knew her.

J. B. C.4SSODAY, was bom July 7, 1830, in Herkimer Co., N. Y.; in early childhood, he and his widowed mother went with her parents to what was then a sparsely settled portion of Tio"a Co.,