Milton Town (part 2 of 3)

Middle College, begun in 1847, is a brick building, measuring sixty by forty-four feet, and has three stories and an attic, surmounted by a cupola and belfry. The attic is to be raised and improved and occupied by the society rooms. The other floors are divided into ten rooms, devoted to lectures, recitations and laboratory work. The cost of this building was about $10,000, which amount, together with the site, was almost wholly donated by the citizens of Beloit.

North College, a dormitory of brick, three stories and a basement, measuring fifty-four feet by forty, was erected in 1854. The basement is used as a dining-room and appendages for a students' club, and tlie three stories are divided into twelve suites of rooms for students. This building cost $8,000, a portion of which was contributed for the specific purpose.

The Chapel, a two-story brick edifice, sixty feet long by forty wide, was erected in 1858. The lower story is divided into two schoolrooms, appropriated to the Preparatory Department, and the upper story is used for religious services.

South College is a two-story frame building, erected in 1868, to supply additional dormitory accommodations. The building is seventy-two feet long by thirty-five feet wide, is divided into sixteen rooms, and cost $5,000.

Memorial Hall was erected in 1869, in honor of more than four hundred sons of the College who volunteered during the war, forty-six of whom lost their lives. The Hall is built of the rich, cream-colored Batavia stone, rough hewn, and laid in what is technically known as " rock range." The style of architecture is modern Gothic. The main building is seventy feet in length by forty in width, and the Aving, or vestibule, is twenty-eight feet long by twenty wide. Both parts are divided into two stories. The height of the principal story of the main building is fifteen feet, and, of the second story, twenty feet at the Avails and twenty-six feet in the center. The stories of the vestibule are, respectively, fifteen and thirteen feet. The exterior side walls of the building are forty-one feet in height from the ground to the eaves. The gable ends measure sixty feet from the ground to the ridge. From the ridge, at the center, rises a ventilator, in the form of a slender pinnacle, to the height of tAventy feet, making the entire height from the ground to the top of the ventilator, eighty feet. The cost of the edifice was $26,000, the greater portion of Avhich was contributed for the purpose in the region with which the College is especially identified. The vestibule is devoted to marble tablets, upon which are recorded the names of the soldier-students and citizens, and their patriotic deeds and fate, and to other memorials of the struggle in Avhich they bore so heroic a part. The upper story of the main building is occupied by the library, and the lower by the cabinet, though it is probable that both will be required, eventually, for the library ; in which event, other provision Avill be made for the cabinet.

The Gymnasium is a frame structure, consisting of a single story and basement, seventy feet long by thirty-eight feet wide, and was erected in 1874 at a cost, including apparatus, of $3,900, contributed by Alumni and students and the citizens of Beloit. This building, though the property of the College, is under the control of an association composed of members of the Faculty and students. Each student is required to take part in a daily drill, for half an hour, in light gymnastics and vocal culture. A bowling-alley in the basement, and other apparatus, furnish facilities for additional voluntary exercise.

The six buildings of the College have thus cost $58,900. The present value of the college property is placed at $230,000, $130,000 of which is in invested funds.

The College library was begun in 1848, and has since been maintained and augmented by donations of books, or of means for their purchase, from different friends of the institution. Among the largest benefactors of the library have been Rev. Dr. H. N. Brinsmade, Rev. Prof. M. P. Squier, Rev. Dr. Merrill (late of Middlebury, Vt.), Rev. A. Benton and the United States Government. The library now contains about ten thousand volumes, besides nearly five thousand pamphlets. To increase this number, there are several available funds. The Davis Fund, of $500, given by Miss Elizabeth Davis, of Boston, Mass., for the Department of English Literature ; the Colton Fund, of $5,000, bequeathed by Mrs. Love Colton, devoted, chiefly, to the Department of History and Civil Polity ; and the Emerson Fund, estimated at $15,000, given in memory of Rev. Ralph Emerson, D. D., formerly professor in Andover Theological Seminary, devoted to the Department of Sacred and Classical Learning.

The cabinet is made up of minerals, rocks, fossils, and zoological and botanical specimens. The collection of minerals embraces a large and very choice suite of American and European typical minerals, representing the more important species in considerable variety. The lithological collection embraces a series of crystalline and sedimentary rocks representing the formations of Wisconsin, to Avhich are added specimens from other parts of America and Europe and a suite of specimens of lava from Vesuvius, from eruptions of different dates. A fine collection of marine shells and corals, and smaller ones of birds, reptiles and mammals, insects, mollusks and crustaceans represent the animal kingdom. The collection of fossils consists of a suite recently deposited by the State Geological Survey, representing all the Paleozoic formations of the State authoritatively identified, a large local collection from the Trenton limestone of the vicinity, some smaller ones from different parts of this county, a suite of European specimens representing about two hundred species from the later geological formations. To these there has recently been added a very interesting collection of fossil tracks from the Potsdam sandstone, probably the most valuable of its kind from the primeval age in existence. The botanical

But this development of the College has not been reached without financial difficulty. When the Board of Trustees first decided to locate the institution at Beloit, the citizens agreed to ilonate ten acres of land for a site, and to contribute the money necessary to erect the first building - about $7,000. This sum was subsequently increased to about f 12,000. The first donation to the College, outside of Beloit, was in 1845, and consisted of 160 acres of land, presented to the institution by Rev. Henry Barber, of Dutchess County, N. Y., through the solicitation of llev. Stephen Peet. This land was sold for about $1,000, which was appropriated to the enlargement of the site. The first foundation for a professorship was laid in 1847, by Hon. T. W. Williams, of New London, Conn., who gave Wisconsin and Indiana land, which realized about $10,000. This fund has been increased, by subsequent donations, to about $12,000. In 1848, Prof. Bushnell secured a number of books from Eastern friends, and, at the same time obtained the Saybrook scholarship of $500, designed to assist students of limited means. In 1850, the Rev. A. Kent secured $500 for the Austin scholarship. About the same time. Rev. David Hoot, of Connecticut, began his contributions to a second professorship, by donations of land :ind land claims in the West, which eventually reached the handsome aggregate of $10,000. b'riends of the College in Milwaukee supplied $2,300 through Dr. Chapin. Prof. Bushnell collected $3,300 in Chicago, and Rev. S. Peet, as agent, canvassed the West generally, and secured over $8,000. In 1850, also. Rev. M. P. Squier pledged, for the endowment of a chair of mental and moral philosophy, to which he had been elected, $10,000, which pledge was subsequently redeemed by the transfer to the College of land and claims which realized the full sum. In the autumn of the same year, the largest donation from any one person was made by Mrs. Sarah W. Hale, Newburyport, Mass., in deeds for more than five thousand acres of land in Illinois, upon which $35,000 were obtained, $25,000 of which amount was set apart to endow the chair of mathematics. In 1854, Rev. Dr. H. N. Brinsmade, of Beloit, began his contributions toward the endowment of the Latin professorship, which have since reached the munificent sum of about $15,000. During the same year, the educational fund for the aid of students in necessitous circumstances, was increased by a bequest of $2,000 from Joseph Otis, of Norwich, Conn., and $1,000 from Capt. John Emerson and his heirs. During 1853 and 1854, Rev. S. 0. Powell, Rev. H. Lyman and the President of the College, Rev. A. L. Chapin, were engaged in special agencies to obtain assistance from the West, which ultimately yielded about $15,000. From 1858 to 1860, the Regents of the State Normal Fund assisted the College by sums aggregating about $3,300. In 1857, Mrs. L. Colton, of Beloit, who had previously aided the College to the amount of about $1,000, bequeathed a permanent fund of $5,000 for the increase of the library. In 1858, the citizens of Beloit made a special contribution of $3,000, for the erection of the chapel. Agencies in the East, in 1863, succeeded in securing assistance, which, added to benefactions previously made, amounted to about $30,000.' A Western agency, conducted by Rev. P. C. Pettibone, and continued through seven or eight years, secured some $60,000, which includes a donation of $12,000 from Mr. 0. Harwood, of Wauwatosa, to endow a professorship ; $1,500 from a bequest of Miss Nye, of Falmouth, Mass., and about $18,000 contributed by the Alumni and friends of the institution for the erection of Memorial Hall. The books of the College show fifteen scholarships, of $500 each, and 106 individual scholarships of $100 each, fully paid. Partial payiiieats in other cases swell the whole amount contributed in this form to nearly $20,000. Beside the foregoing. Miss Elizabeth Davis, of Boston, donated $500 for the purchase of books on English Literature,, and Mrs. Ripley, of Chicago, $500, for the purchase of chemicals, etc., for the scientific department.

Permanent Funds Successive Members Of The Fachltt

* This includes a recent bequest of Mr. Rufus Dodge, which, added to funds before received for the purpoae, enables the CoUeKe to api.r pnate the income of 89,000 to aid students who design embracing the ministry.

Alumni of the College. - Class of 1851 - Joseph Collie, William C. Hooker and Stephen D. Peet. 1852 - Philo S. Bennett. 1853 - Jonas M. Bundy, A. W. Curtis, Henry M. Lilly,' George L. Tucker, Horace White. 1854 - James A. Brewster, Benjamin Durham, Edward F. Hobart and Harlan M. Page. 1855 - Francis W. Case, Moses S. Hinman, Alexander Kerr and Sterne Rogers. 1856 - Henry C. Hyde, Frederick A. Lord,^ Peter McVicar, John A. McWhorter, David Owen,^ Alfred Taggart and George 1. Waterman. 1857 - Jacob Baay, Henry Durham, Josiah Hinman, George P. Jacobs, William A. Montgomery, Philip F. Schirmer, Charles W. Storey and James A. White.* 1858 - Eugene H. Avery, Daniel Densmore, John H. Edwards, John G. Lambert,^ Webster P. Moore, Horatio Pratt, Sherwood

The College in the War. - At the annual commencement July 14, 1869, Memorial Hall, erected to commemorate the part borne in the war by the students and others connected with the College, was formally dedicated with impressive ceremonies. On that occasion. Prof. Joseph Emerson made the following statement relative to the share of the College in the great contest then but recently closed :

Statement Of Peof. Emebson

The festival with which the war closed was the commencement day of the nation - the ending of a long term of discipline, and its accession to the new degree of Magistra Artium, Queen of Civilization. The ordeal which preceded it was the examination, testing the results of that Puritan system of education by which the nation had been trained for more than two hundred years. The aim of that education was to make men. Its organization was the Christian college, standing beside the church and surrounded by public schools. The soul of it was a training in the truths of the Word of God and in the enthusiasms of the most heroic times and peoples, supported by scientific culture continually more manifold, as science itself should be enlarged.

As the developments of the war have been reviewed, the question has been pressed upon those institutions which still retained the idea of the fathers - that the center of a system of education must be the training in the Diyine and the heroic - the question. What have been the results of your training ? Where are the men whom you have prepared for the need of the country and of mankind ? For a general answer, the system can call up the wliole nation, whom it has educated - the great army of the Republic, wliich sprung up at the country's call all over that region lying between the fortieth and the forty-eighth parallels of latitude, and extending from sea to sea, which King James called New England.

In the East, particular colleges have been proud to point to their own sons in the field. In this Northwest, too, from which came the power which decided the war, the question has been put to the young college whicli had been planted here, Where were thy sons when the land had need of them? The answer, modestly given three years ago, was received with such favor that the guardians of the College appointed that an enduring testimonial should be prepared, not only of approval for the past, but also for example in the future. That memorial is now ready, and the question comes again, after three years of thought and further examination. Shall the garland be bestowed, nnd the young College, but twenty-one years of age to-day, sit henceforth tower-crowned as fcter-mothei* of heroes?

If siie is, through no seeking of her own, for she and her sons alike have only sought to do their duty, if. however, she is a candidate for such honors, she must not shrink from standing before you, the parents who have committed your sons to her nurture, and the wide community who have called for their service, and answer such questions as these :

1. Did the sons of the College respond to the country's call, not in exceptional cases, but in such numbers as to justify the honor proposed to be paid to them as a body ?

2. Was their service a local one, or was it so general as to justify this general testimonial from the wide Northwest, and even from dis'ant parts of the land ?

3: Did they show themselves capable men, such as should come from an institution which professes to train in thought as well as in enthusiasm?

1. How many or what portion of the sons of the College answered the call ? When the war came, the College had sent forth but ten classes. Only 800 young men had been in it This number has since been' increased to 1 ,500, of whom, however, fully one-half were, at the time of the war, too young or otherwise disqualified for service,, or their recoi-d is not known. Of the 750 who may remain, 400 were in the service, more than half of all who could be there, and more than one-fourth of all, older or younger, living or dead, who have ever been in the College; .and this proportion may assure us that those who remained were not uninterested in the cause, but bore their part in that grand support which the armies in the field received at home.

2. Is this a local object? and is Beloit College a Beloit institution? The citizens of Beloit do not fail lo recognize the honor done them by the representatives of all this wide region, in not only choosihg their loved city for the site of the Tollege, but in associating the name of their city with that of the College. They keep in view their pledge to cherish it by their prayers, sympathies and gifts. That their enthusiasms are its enthusiasms, this community has shown by furnishing 100 of the 400 soldiers, and even a larger proportion of the honored dead. They have come forward, also, to bear a part in this memorial, and it is in their hexrts to do more yet. But the College was established by all the region, for all the region, and the young men served in the ranks of many States; and for tne deliverance of all the nation.

Shall we call ud the regiments in which they stood, and see what an army they form ? On the far left is Maine, then M.assachusetts with four regiments, and Conneclicut ; next New York with seven, Pennsylvania with seven, and Ohio, Michigan and Indiana; then the dense center, Wisconsin with two hundred in fifty-five regim_ents, and Illinois with one hundred and twenty in fifty-six regiments ; then ten regiments from Iowa, and five from Minnesota. And then the long right wing, covering Nebraska and Kansas, and reaching to California. But these are not all. In front of the central phalanx stand Missouri, Kentucky and Louisiana, and tliose regiments marked on our rosters by A. D.^

African Descent, they say it means. Anno Domini is our first thouglit ; and, perliaps, it is our best, for, in our gloom, tlieir dark brows brought light an 1 the acceptable year of the Lord. But this army is not unsupported nor uncomforted. There are the mortar-boats and the gun-boats, and the ships of war ; and the nurses in the hospitals, and the Sanitary Commission, and the ChristiMn Commission, all that humane and Christian blessing by which the elements which are forming the better future, glorify the final struggle. We have, then, before us one hundred and seventyseven regiments, bearing the banners of nineteen States, besides the colored troops and the regular army, and their front supported by eight vessels of war.

3. But did these many men prove themselves capable men ? As children of so young a mother, they were young, and entered the service generally as privates. Many had not been long enough in the service to have their merit known before the war closed, or ihey were disabled, or lost their lives. Of many, also, we have the names without the rank. But of the whole four hundred, two hundred and fifteen are known to have become officers, and one hundred and forty-two bore commissions, as follows: Brigadier Gene^-als, 3; Colonels or Lieutenant Colonels, 12; Majors, 9 ; Chaplains, 4 ; Surgeons and Assistant durgeons, 14 ; Adjutants, Quartermasters, etc., 14 ; Captains, 42 ; Lieutenants, 44 ; non-commissioned officers, 73.

4. But did they prove themselves true men in action? As they were in all the lines, so they were in all the actions . of the war. Let us glance through their history, cg.lling from point to point those whom the impartial messenger of death summons as witnesses to the spirit which animated all. They were among the first three-months' men, on the Potomac, at Cairo, and with Gen. Lyon when he fell at Wilson's Creek. In August, 1861, George 0. Felt, a soldier full of promise, was killed in North Missouri, and Burford .Teakins, the Christian scholar, whom, though he w.is here eo long ago, we remember as if it were yesterday, fell, in the service of Ohio, in West Virginia. In the spring of 1862, they were at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. The field of Shiloh was sprinkled with them. Thence true Milton Rood was borne to die in captivity ; there Capt. Silas W. Field and Quincy E. Pollock, both true Christian soldiers, fell mortally wounded on that first day of disaster Pollock had become a Christian in I'oUege. He left home not expecting to live to the close of the war; but he said, " My life is no better than theirs who have gone to the war. If I fall, I know into whose hands I fall ; " and so now he is in the bosom of the Father.

Meanwhile, they were also in the East, where Henry (. ooper, reliable there as here, fell in the ranks of New York at Antietam. And in the West, also, Edmund Dawes, attested as "a devoted Christian in the army as well as at home," left the hospital just in time to die at Prairie Grove, in Arkansas.

The year 1862 closed with the battle of Murfreesboro. There, on the 30th of December, in the service of Pennsylvania, but acting as Aide to Gen. Kosecrans, fell Evan W. Grubb, a soldier who, as his comrades say. " could at all times be depended upon for any duty that required fortitude or perseverance." There, also, Francis H. Caswell and Dudley H. Cowles sank with grievoui wounds, which, aggravated by the suiferings of captivity, brought to each of them the call to pass from a rebel prison to the freedom and rest of the .Jerusalem above. " If," wrote Caswell to his mother, as they moved lo the field, " I should lose my life suddenly and soon, it will be no more than carrying out the great purposes of God, and they are all just right, you know." We stand in awe before such a purpose, respecting the son of a missionary, born on heathen soil, educated with many prayers and sacrifices, and who had fondly hoped to preach Christ in the land of his birth. But let us remember it - those great purposes " are all just right, you know."

Turning now to the Potomac, we find that the glory of that army is the Iron Brigade, the pride of Wisconsin ; and the College is fully represented in each of those Wisconsin regiments - the Second, Sixth and Seventh. In every charge, they charged, and sank one after another with wounds, and Alexander Gordon, Captain in the Seventh, the soldier without fear and without reproach, whose gallantry had formed so large an element in the glory of the Brigade, singled out for his nobility of form by the rebel sharpshooters, fell upon the Rappahannock. A little after him, but far aw:iy by the Mississippi, a^ the lines were drawn up before Vicksburg for the assault, William W. Works gave the life, of which he had written in his diary on the morning of that sime day, " If I fall, I lay down my life, deeming it only a fit sacrifice for the life of my country."

I'he year 1864 opens with the battle of Franklin, where Col. Porter C. Olson fell gallantly leading the Thirtysixth Illinois, and Frederick W. Goddard, who had bravely volunteered for that special occasion with the Twentysecond Wisconsin. In the same week, as the scene shifts to the east, we see the last of a face which many of us saw in its childhood, William Pearl Lathrop, eldest son of one of the earliest Professors both of Beloit College and of the University of Wisconsin.. The remains of the father repose in our own cemetery. The son, born in Vermont, educated in Wisconsin, serving in the ranks, first of California and then of Michigan, disappeared in the Wilderness of Virginia. No man knoweth his resting-place, but he is not forgotten In the same struggle, Whitney Tibballs met his mortal wound, on the 10th of May, 18 j4. Within the last six months, he had laid hold upon the Christian hope. On the Isi of May, he had written six resolutions in his diary, of which the fifth was, " I will be brave on the battlefiel'l," and the sixth, "I will be brave in refusing to do evil " Thus prepared to die, and prepared to live, he saw the battle coming. He was detailed to tarry with the baggage, but he went to his Captain and begged the privilege of going into the battle. ' You are unwise " said a comr.ade, -' we are going to have a fearful fight." He replied, " I Know that perfectly well, and choose to take my chance with the rest of the boys." He took his chance. God knew what was best for him. He was borne to the rear, and in two weeks more received the prize of him that overcometh. The army moved to Spottsylvania, where fell, wounded in like manner, Horace Turner, of the Twentieth Michio-an, of whom his Captain writes, " He was a brave and true soldier, a faithful and consistent Christian, and lives fresh in the memory of his loving comrades." Three days after him, but in Georgia, sank Capt. Marshall W. Patton, known to many here as the boy with the beiring of a man, whose distinguished valor in the Iron Brigade had given him promotion beyond his years, but not beyond his merits. He fell, leading his company in the Twenty-second Wisconsin, in the charge at Resaca, May 1-5, and died on the 18th. That army, too, moved on, and in front of the Seventy-fourth Illinois, at the terrible assault on Kenesaw, sank Lieut. Col. .James B. Kerr, whom all Winnebago County knows as a bcholar, a hero and a man. He threw his sword toward his friends. His person fell into the hands of his foes, among whom he died at Atlanta, .July 3, 1864.

Meanwhile, had occurred the disaster at Guntown in Mississippi, where fell in the Ninety-fifth Illinoia, the noble Colonel - and by brevet after his death General - Thomas W. Humphrey, and with him Lieut. Stephen A. KoUins, known and esteemed by many here to-day, as well as by his fellow-soldiers.

While these things have passed, the arnly of Virginia has gathered around Richmond, On the ISlh of June, cheering his men to the assault on Petersburg, falls Lieut. Freeman B. Riddle. I need not praise him here, among the multitude of those who knew him and loved him and will not forget him. He was what we knpw he would be. Next we are hurried back to Georgia, where falls Albert Walker, of the Twenty-second Wisconsin, who had just entered college, when his country called him and he gave her hio life.

Thpn we are called to Petersburg again, where we find a regiment of these new-made men with dark skins, ready for the onset. It is not our first view of these warriors. In twelve, at least, of their leginients the si^ns of Beloit held commissions, among the rest, one whom their suifrages have now placed in the Congress of the United States, worthily representing in the Capital of the Nation, the Capital of (he State which he had educated. Also we claim one of the Captains who led the hi-toric charge of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts on Furt Wagner. He, happily, still lives. Not so his fellow in renown - so were he equaled with him in fate - ^^ho led the charge of the Twenty-ninth U. S. Colored Infantry on the breach at Petersburg, where Capt, Hector H. Aiken fell .Inly .30 i.nd died August 18, On the 21st of the same August, you, young men of the Fortieth AVisconsin, stood arciund I he remains of your comrade, Frank E, Woodruff, killed at his sentry post by Forrest's raiders, and you wished you might be true as he to the love of God and of man. So ends the record of that fearful campaign of 18G4. More tiian half of our slain are there. But yet at Averysboro, N. C, May 15, 1865, fell Aim eron N. Grave,->, the last, ami faithful to the last. Thus twenty-six of the forty-three died by wounds. There still remains the list of those who died by sickness : Edward R, Barber, Pardon E. Carpenter, Jerome B. Davis, Jeremiah Dooley, Jefferson Floroy, Paul A. Goddard, Azel D, Hayward, Henry S, Kingsley, William L, Knight, John G. Lambert, Arthur W. Mas^on, Henry Meachim, Franklin Prindle, Thomas S. Seacord, William H, Shumaker, J, Dwight Stevens, Eugene H. Tuitle - good and true men all, telling how brave men can suffer bravely and die bravely without the excitement of the field. Their lives and their deaths were not and they shall not be in vain.

Those that have gone - we call them our m.artyrs. Do you know what u, martyr is? A martyr is a witness They testily to us, in behalf of all their comriides as well .as themselves, that there are causes worth dying for; worth such young and precious lives as theirs ; and that there are souls in men capable of dying for a won liy c luse. And you, who have joined or who yet may join in this testimonial, do set to your seal that their witness is true ; let that seal stand through the ages on this soil, which their young devotion has hallowed, and let it inspire from year to year new devotions in souls that are to be, that they too, in times to come, may serve and, if need be, may save again the land for which these, our martyrs, died.

To the list of the dead should be added the names of J. Lyford Peavey, who died in hospital, and of Michael Clark, of the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, killed at Millikcn's Bend June 6, 1863, and Jared H. Knapp, who fell at Gettysburg July 1, 1863, making forty-six who died, twenty-eight of them, or 60 per cent, by wounds. This proportion of deaths in battle is double that which prevailed in the army in general, and may be taken as showing that the sons of the College were men ready, in a good cause, to go to the front.

If, however, the College was felt in the war, the impress of the great crisis upon the character of the College was not less marked. The young men returning from the field to the campus, brought with them a blended vigor and loyalty of character which have made the history of the College after the war a new era in its life. During the war, the course of the College had gone on without interruption, except that the Commencement of 1864 was omitted, the entire Senior Class, as well as the Professor of Rhetoric, being in camp. But the classes were composed, necessarily, of young men under military age, though the great events of the time were preparing them to sympathize in the high purposes with which their elder fellows returned to complete their training to serve the country which they had helped to save. As they and their successors have approached or entered the moral battles of life, they have been found still pressing to the front, seeking to make their lives most serviceable to their country and to mankind. For example, though the number of graduates has been much less than those of the older colleges of the East, Beloit has sent during the last ten years more students to Congregational Theological Seminaries than any other college except Yale, Amherst, Dartmouth and Obcrlin ; and in the number of missionaries sent abroad, during the same time, by the American Board, Beloit is second only to Amherst.

The College has sent forth 272 graduates from its full course, of whom about 40 per cent have chosen the clerical calling, 40 per cent have chosen other professions, anil 20 per cent are in business life. The distribution of the sons of the College illustrates the relation of such an institution, in such a position, to the whole land and world, as well as its own vicinity. The 130 sons of the College who have entered the ministry have preached in thirty States or Territories, and in twelve foreign lands and in more than five hundred congregation.^, in which tlipy have completed more than a thousand years of work, to which each year now adds more than a hundred years. The record of other professions and employments would sliow like results. Beloit has given Presidents of colleges to Minnesota and Kansas, and principals or professors in high educational institutions to Michigan, Indiana, Louisiana, Arkansas and "Missouri, as well as to Illinois and Wisconsin. Her sons have been State Superintendents of Education in Kansas and Alabama, and have represented both those States, as well as Ohio and Wisconsin, in the Congress of the United States, and have filled high positions in legal, medical and editorial life in New York, Colorado and California, as "well as throughout the interior. Nearly twenty-five hundred students have been connected with the College, of whom two thousand arc now representing it in various employments and localities. Though, as a young College in a young region, its growth has been, as it should be, attended with efibrt, it is believed that the results already realized have been such as to justify any past labors or sacrifices, and that the foundation already secured, and the work which the College has done and is doing, give assurance that it is a College worth building up, and encourage the effort upon which its Trustees are now entering to secure such an increase of endowment as will develop it as an institution worthy of the region which it represents.

If to the record of Beloit College we add that of the Female Seminary at Rockford, 111., which sprung from the same origin, we have a total of more than six thousand minds, which have gone from a longer or shorter course in those schools to diffuse their influence in almost every State, and in many foreign lands. The conventions and consultations in which these institutions were devised, contemplated, also, other objects which gather around the College as a center of liberal and Christian culture, especially the religious newspaper and the Theological Seminary. But, as these involved, more than the College did, a metropolitan and a denominational position, they have been realized for the field of the College in the periodicals and seminaries established in Chicago by the two denominations which planted the College, and for which, especially, it cultivates the common field of evangelical liberal education.

The idea of opening a school at Milton, in which might be obtained an education more advanced than that afforded by the district schools of this vicinity, originated with Mr. Joseph Goodrich. Meager instruction in the elementary branches was imparted in the very few common schools in that section, which were generally taught three months in the year, in small private houses, and had at that time been in operation only four or five years. There was no college in the State. Four academies had been -started in the southern portion, viz.: Southport Academy, at Kenosha, now extinct; Prairieville Academy, at Waukesha, afterward merged into Carroll College ; Beloit Seminary, which has been suspended for several years, and I'lattville Academy, in Grant County, recently changed into a State Normal School.

The institution was originated with no other purpose than to accommodate the young people of this immediate vicinity. There was no expectation that it would ever become a firstclass academy or a college. The few inhabitants of the place and the sparsely settled condition of the prairies and oak openings about, gave no prophecy of the present growth of the country, nor of the high position to which the college has attained. In fact, the idea was regarded as chimerical and pretentious by many people, who, in consequence, did not furnish much pecuniary aid in the beginning, but subsequently patronized the school very generously by furnishing students for its classes.

First Building. - In the summer and fall of 1844, an odd-looking structure was erected in the village of Milton for use as an academic school. The walls were, composed of gravel and lime so mixed that they would harden like mortar and in a short time become impervious to the

of the atmosphere. The size of the building was 20x30 feet, and one story high ; a small " lean-to " was attached to the rear end ; a cupola with four spires and a bell mounted in it, graced the front peak of the gambrel roof, and a huge sign-board, subscribed with the letters , "Milton Academy," which was placed along the front of the school-room, announced to the world the birth of a new enterprise ; which was eventually to become a very important item in the history of Milton. The moldings of the doors were very plain, and with the benches, which nearly filled the room, were painted a dark blue color. The plastering was rough and fell, after awhile, in spots from the ceiling, which was very soon left almost bare. At the farther side of the room was the rostrum, one step high, occupying one-fifth of the area of the room. This magnificent specimen of architecture stood near the northwest corner of the public square, and its conspicuous sign was visible from all points of approach. The cost of construction, which was paid by the Hon. Joseph Goodrich, who planned and erected the edifice, was $300, and for ten years the building served all the purposes for which it was intended.

First Opening. - About the beginning of' December, after the building was erected. Rev. Bethuel C. Church came from Michigan, on an invitation, and opened it as a select school, the premises being furnished to him without charge, an arrangement by which he was enabled to live on the income arising from the tuition. He, however, taught only two terms, the winter and spring, and had over sixty students in attendance. It was thus shown that a school of this grade was needed, and a sentiment in favor of sustaining it was created.

Following him came the Rev. S. S. Bicknell, a Congregational clergyman and a graduate of Dartmouth College, who remained here two years and a half, during which time iie worked the attendance up to an average of seventy students per annum, and formed the basis of the real academic course. The rates of tuition were very low, being only $3 per term, and board in private families cost from $1 to $1.50 per week.

Up to the winter of 1847-48, the school had been under the management of the Hon. -Joseph Goodrich, by whom all the losses of the teacher's salary and the incidental expenses were sustained. But in that year, the citizens combined to procure a charter for the school. It had been demonstrated that a school with academic privileges could be maintained, and accordingly, on February 28, 1848, an act of incorporation was obtained from the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, granting to seven Trustees the exclusive control of the school, which was then entitled " The Du Lac Academy," a name, however, which was never popular, nor one used beyond the charter and the correspondence of the ofl&cers of the school. The shares were fixed at $5 each, and one of the rules decided upon was, that instruction should not be given nor any meetings of the corporation held on either the seventh or first days of the week. The Trustees were : President, Abram Allen ; Secretary, Hon. A. P. Blakesley ; Nathan G. Storrs, Alfred Walker, Clark G. Stillman and John Stillman, each of whom met the deficits of the school for teachers' wages.

The building was engaged by the Trustees of the Academy under the condition that no rent should be paid for its use, provided the services of a college graduate could be secured as Principal They fulfilled their portion of the contract by engaging a Mr. Prindle, a graduate of some Eastern college, who, however, only remained one term. The winter succeeding. Prof. Jonathan Allen, now President of Alfred University, N. Y., had charge, but he, also, resigned at the close of the term, being succeeded the following spring by the Rev. Amos W. Coon, his assistant teacher, who remained two years. During his administration, the average attendance per year was increased to 100. At the close of the winter term of 1851, Prof. Coon retired, his successor during the following spring term being Col. George R. Clarke, now of Chicago.

From the opening of the fall term. Prof. A. C. Spicer, a graduate of the Academic Department of Alfred University, assisted by his wife, Mrs. Susanna M. Spicer, had the supervision of the school for the following seven years.

For the first three years of their charge, notwithstanding the extraordinary labors they put forth, the success of the school was varying. The academic building became untenable, and the classes for a portion of the last two years, met in a private house, and, for want of suitable accommodations, the school was suspended during two-thirds of the year 1853. From that time, it became evident that better facilities in the way of buildings, apparatus and teachers must be secured, or the enterprise abandoned, and in order to do that it was felt that the sympathies and support of a larger number of people must be enlisted in order to place it in a better condition. With this result, the history of the school as the Du Lac Academy ended.

The awakening of a new interest in the school led to the formation of a larger association of the inhabitants, and on March 31, 1854, a new charter was granted by the Legislature and the name changed to that recorded above. Another board of seven Trustees was constituted, and the school got into working order again. In the spring of 1854, the school was re-organized under the former teachers, and kept in private residences until the fall of 1855. During that interregnum, a handsome and commodious building, constructed of Milwaukee pressed brick, was erected on a bluff in the southwestern part of the village. It was 40x44 feet in size, three stories high, and contained, besides a chapel, four recitation rooms and a boarding hall. Its cost was something over $4,000, which was paid mainly by the subscriptions of the stockholders of the academy, in whom were vested the property and government of the institution.

In the fall of 1854, Prof. Albert Whitford was added to the Faculty, taking charge of the Department of Ancient Languages. He has been connected with the school ever since that time, except for two years when he was Principal of the De Ruglar Institute, and four years when he filled the oflSce of Professor of Mathematics in Alfred University. During the year 1856, Prof M. Montague instructed the classes in ancient languages. At this time, the Department of Music, principally instrumental, was created, and a proficient lady instructor placed in charge. At the same time, two courses of study were adopted, each embracing four years - the teachers' course and the classical course, and from the former, at the close of the academic year, three students, Miss Susan E. Burdick, Chloe C. Whitford and Ruth A. Graham, were graduated, being the first graduating class of the institution.

In the summer and fall of 1857, the need of another new building for dormitory purposes being greatly felt, the Hon. Joseph Goodrich and Hon. Jeremiah Davis were authorized to erect one with accommodations for about fifty students. It was erected as desired, on the grounds of the institution ; was constructed of cream-colored brick, and cost nearly |5,000, the greater part of which sum was contributed by the large-hearted gentlemen employed to build it. It is now called " the Goodrich Hall," and is occupied by lady students.

At the close of the spring term of 1858, Prof. Spicer and his wife resigned thei;r positions in the Academy. Under their administration, many important improvements were effected, principal among which were the erection of two new buildings and a more complete arrangement of the classes, while such was the confidence reposed in their administrative ability that the attendance of students was more than doubled.

A Change in the Management. - After several unavailing efibrts had been made to obtain a successor to Prof. Spicer as Principal of the institution, the Rev. W. C. Whitford, then Pastor of the Seventh Day Baptist Church of Milton, was prevailed upon to assume charge during the fall term, and was subsequently induced to become permanently connected with the school in the capacity of Principal. During his first year, he had associated with him Prof. Albert Whitford, A. M., and his wife, Mrs. Chloe C. Whitford, who became the Preceptress ; Mr. S. S. Rockwood, an advanced student ; Mrs. Flora A. Rockwood, and Mr. Wiot H. Clarke, a music teacher. In the following year, there were added to the Faculty Prof. G. M. Guernsey, A. M., a graduate of Amherst College, and Mrs. Ida F. Kenyon, who became teacher of vocal and instrumental music and the German language. In the year 1861, Mrs. Ruth A. Whitford, who had labored successfully in academic schools in New Jersey, entered upon the duties of Preceptress, and filled the position for three years. In the same year. Prof N. C. Twining, A. M., a graduate of the school, was called to the Department of Mathematics, which he held for seven years. Prof. Edward Searing, A. M., a graduate of the University of Michigan, began his work as instructor of the Latin and French languages, at the opening of the academic year in 1863. He remained in that professorship until 1873, when he was elected to the office of State Superintendent of Public Instruction of Wisconsin. For the year ending July 4, 1865, Mrs. Eliza Johnson was Preceptress, being succeeded by Mrs. A. Miranda Isham, from Alfred University, who remained in that position until the close of the year 1869. Mrs. Alicia F. Adams was teacher of music from 1864 until the close of the summer term of 1867 ; and Miss Mary F. Bailey, A. M., a graduate of Alfred University, teacher of the German language from 1865 to 1873. Besides the members of the Faculty already mentioned, there were engaged, between the years 1858 and 1867, for brief periods, the following teachers : Prof 0- M. Conover, Rev. A. H. Lewis, S. S. Wallihan, M. D., Rev. 0. U. Whitford, Rev. S. A. Plaitts, Miss Emily C. Wyman and Miss Frances F. Pillsbury.

In the winter and spring of 1863, a wooden building, three stories high, and containing twenty-two rooms, was erected near the grounds of the institution, at a cost of $2,000. It was erected for and is used by gentlemen for dormitory purposes. An addition to the main hall was begun in 1867, and finished the next year. That, with the bower in front and the repairs in the old recitation-room, and the chapel, cost nearly |8,000, and doubled the accommodations of the hall for class purposes.

War Record. - During the war of the rebellion, none were more free with money and men than those connected with this Academy. The students gave money to the amount of hundreds of dollars, and, on receipt of the first news that the civil conflict had begun, twenty of the young men left their work and flew to obey their country's call. Of the graduates and students, 311 volunteered into the service of the Union armies, of whom 43 perished by disease or by the bullets of the Southern Confederacy. The school raised, ofiicered and sent into the army two full companies, known as Company K and Company H, which were assigned to the Thirteenth and Fortieth Regimenxs Wisconsin Volunteers, and parts of companies for the Second and Forty-ninth Regiments.

The act incorporating the College was passed by the State Legislature in February, 1867, and was formally accepted by the stockholders of the- institution on the 13th of March, following. By the terms of the act, the same privileges were granted to the incorporators as those usually conceded to institutions of a similar character. The stock was divided into shares of $25 each, and the possession and government of the College vested in the original stockholders, who were authorized to elect a Board of Trustees, to consist of not less than fifteen nor more than twenty-seven members, nine of whom formed a quorum for the transaction of business. One-third of their number, after the first election, were to be chosen each year and hold their office three years. No religious test or qualification was required of any trustee, ofiicer, professor, teacher or student of the institution.

On March 13, 1867, a Board consisting of twenty-seven Trustees was elected, and on the 27th of the same month, they elected the following officers : President, Rev. W. C. Whitford, A. M.; Vice President, Rev. D. E. Maxson, D. D.; Secretary, A. W. Baldwin, Esq.; Treasurer, C. H. Greenman. Subsequently the following Faculty were elected: Rev. William C. Whitford, A. M., President, and Professor of the Natural, Mental and Moral Sciences ; Edward Searing, A. M., Professor of Latin and French Languages ; Albert Whitford, A. M., Professor of Greek Language and Mixed Mathematics; Nathan C. Twining, A. B., Professor of Pure Mathematics and Commercial Instruction ; Miss A. Miranda Fenner, Preceptress, and Teacher of English Language and Literature ; Miss Mary F. Bailey, Teacher of German Language ; Mrs. Emma J. Utter, Teacher of Instrumental and Vocal Music ; Forrest M. Babcock, Teacher of

History Of Rock Couxty

Penmanship ; Mrs. Ruth H. Whitford, Teacher of Painting and Penciling. At the same time, it was resolved to unite both the academic and the collegiate courses of study, an arrangement which the institution has since preserved in common with most of the colleges in the West.

Additions to the Faculty. - In 1868, Mayor S. S. Rockwood, A. M., was appointed Professor of Pure Mathematics, a position held by him until 1871, when he entered the Whitewater Normal School. In the -same year. Miss Jane C. Bond, A. M., was elected teacher in the English department, a position which she has filled ever since, with honor to herself and credit to the College. Miss Ida Springstubbe, a graduate of a German Normal School, was also chosen teacher of the French and German languages, and remained in that position upward of two years. Prof J. D. Bond, M. S., was teacher in the commercial department for four years. Prof. J. M. Stillman has given instruction in vocal music and voice culture for two years, and Miss R. Mintie Howard in instrumental music for four years. Prof. J. W. Saunders, A. B., was elected in 1873, to the professorship of the German and Greek languages, the position of assistant teacher in the Latin classes being filled for three years by Prof. Lucius Heritage, A. B. Mrs. Chloe C. Whitford, A. M., has taught in the department of mathematics for over two years, a position that she formerly occupied, while for some time the commercial studies were relegated to the care of Prof. W. C. King.

The present members of the Faculty are: Rev. William C. Whitford, A. M., President; Albert Whitford, A. M., Acting President, Mathematics and Astronomy ; Edward Searing, A. M., Greek and French Languages; Rev. Elston M. Dunn, A. M., Mental and Moral Sciences; Henry D. Maxson, A. B., Rhetoric and Latin Language ; Miss Jane C. Bond, A. M., English Department; Mrs. Chloe C. Whitford, A. M., German Language; Mrs. Ruth H. Whitford. A. M.. Penciling and English Department; Miss Mary Jane Haven, Vocal and Instrumental Music ; James Mills, Penmanship.

The explanation of the ofiices of President and Acting President, which are filled respectively by the Rev. William C. and Prof Albert Whitford, is, that in 1877, when the former was elected to the office of State Superintendent of Public Instruction, the latter, his brother, then filling a chair as a member of the Faculty, assumed temporary charge over the aifairs of the College, such charge to continue until his brother's return, who will then again assume the duties and responsibilities of the presidency of the institution. Hon. Edward Searing, at the close of his second term as State Superintendent of Public Instruction, returned to his old position in the College as the Professor in the Greek and French Languages. His work here has always been highly appreciated. He is the author of a popular text-book on the first six books of Virgil's ^neid. He is now preparing a similar work on the first six books of Homer's Iliad. The terms of tuition are very reasonable and are within reach of almost every one. The capital stock of the institution is divided into 1,100 shares, of $25 each, or a total valuation of $:29,079.06, the largest individual amount of which is held by the estate of Hon. Joseph Goodrich, who furnished in all about |5,000 to this stock, the next largest being in the name of Pres. W. C. Whitford, who has contributed, at various times, nearly |4,500 to the stock.

Graduates. - The following is a list of graduates in the college department, together with the years they "came out:" 1867 - 'Nathan C. Twining, A. M., Miss Isabelle L. Hall, A. M. 1870 - Albert Salisbury, A. M., Jesse B. Thayer, M. S. 1871 - M. Delano Fuller, M. S., George F. Holcomb, B. S., Edwin Swinney, M. S., Albert D. Whitmore, B. S., Miss Inez C. Childs, M. S., Miss E. Albertine Utter. M. S. 1872 - Jonathan D. Bond, M. S., L. Dow Harvey, M. S., Matthew White, A. B. 1873 - E. Stillman Bailey, A. B., Albert R. Cra.ndall, A. B., Miss Jane C. Bond, L. A., Miss Florence H. Williams, L. S. 1874 - William H. Ernst, A. B., Watson C. Holbrook, B. S., Dwight Kinney, A. B., Arthur A. Miller, A. B.. W. Burton Morgan, A. B.. Frederick D. Rogers, A. B., Robert D. Whitford, A. B., Mrs. Amelia C. Steele, L. S. 1875 - Clark T. Havens, A. B., Lucius Heritage, A. B., D. Osmer Hibbard, B. S., Isaac L. Mahi(u, A. B. 1876 - Eva D. Cartwright, L. S., Charles M. Gates, B. S., W. D. Tickner, A. B., George F. Tuttle, B. S., Mrs. E. De Lette Saunders, L. S . Miss Florence G. Saunders, L. S., Miss Alice L. Miller, L. S. 1877 - E. A. Thompson, B.

Honorary Degrees. - The degree of Doctor of Divinity has .been conferred upon the Revs. D. B. Maxson, T. R. Williams and Nathan Wardner ; that of Master of Arts upon Hon. John A. Smith, Prof. Chase, Mrs. Chloe C. Whitford, Miss. J. 0. Bond and I. L. Mahieu, while the degree of Master of Science has but one representative, in the person of Mortimer T. Park.

Libraries and Societies. - A donation from Rev. Daniel Babcock enabled the College, in 1871, to establish the " Babcock Library," which has now several hundred volumes. Three other libraries belong to the literary societies. The oldest of these latter is the Iduna Lyceum, which was organized by the lady students in 1854. The gentlemen sustain two large societies, the Orophilian and Philomathean, which have been in operation about eighteen years.

Teachers for the Public Schools. - The institution has devoted a large share of its work ever since its formation to prepare teachers for the public schools of the State. While those who have received instruction here are found in the other callings of life, and are winning in them substantial honors, yet the larger share of the graduates and others who have pursued the advanced studies have been engaged in teaching. A regular teachers' class, under the direction of the State Board of Normal Regents, was maintained in the institution for seven years subsequent to 1857. During this time. State aid was received to the amount of several thousand dollars. A similar class has since been tS,ught each year.

In the rural schools of Rock and adjacent counties, hundreds of the students of the College have been employed as teachers, and they have generally given excellent satisfaction to the pupils in their schools and to their parents.

In many of the graded and the high schools of the State, in the normal schools and in the State University are found, at the present time, a large number of teachers who were once enrolled in the classes of the College. They are noted usually for their thorough knowledge of the branches taught under their supervision, for their practical skill in managing their departments or their schools, and for their constant enthusiasm in their work.

A committee of the Methodist Church General Conference of the United States having been appointed to divide the State into two or more general conferences, each of which has a seminary of its own, it appeared to Messrs. David S. Mills and 0. F. Comfort a good opportunity to get a seminary located at Evansville. Accordihgly, on August 10, 1855, a meeting called by these two gentlemen was held, at which it was resolved to esjtablish a seminary of high grade at Evansville, for the education of the youth of both sexes, and the persons present at the meeting thereupon elected a Board of Trustees, consisting of the following gentlemen : Ezra A. Foot, Henry G. Spencer, Jeremiah Johnson, W. W. McLaughlin, David S. Mills, P. S. Bennett, Josiah Howard, Myron A. Rowley, William C. Kelly, Thomas Robinson, Hiram Griffith, Nelson Winston and Argalus Ballard.

At the next session of the Legislature, held in 1856, that body passed an act entitled, " An Act to incorporate the Evansville Seminary," which was approved on March 18 of the same year. Prior, however, to the passage of that act, and prior to the meeting held on August 10, 1855, Mr. David S. Mills and his wife donated two acres of ground for the purposes of, a seminary, which were accepted, and subsequently, at the request of some of the Trustees, signed a subscription paper with the words " Seminary Park, cost $500," thus, to a certain extent, damaging his title to the ground, which he donated for the " express purposes of a seminary, upon the condition that a brick or stone building, three stories in height, and covering an <»rea of not less than 2,500 square feet of ground, should be erected within two years, at which time, Mr. Mills would execute a deed in the name of the Trustees of the Seminary Park."

Two years rolled by, and the Trustees, or some of them, called upon the donators of the land and stated that the building was completed and that they were entitled to a deed, asking also that as clear a deed as possible be given, because they desired to mortgage the premises, in order to raise money for its completion. Mr. Mills called their attention to the fact that the land was given for seminary purposes only, but, at their solicitation, gave them the deed without expressly embodying that fact in it, an omission which ultimately led to the closing of the Seminary, and subsequently to the airing of the matter in the courts.

The building being completed, a school was opened and taught there until 1870, when the premises were handed over to members of the Baptist denomination, on condition that they should endow it with $10,000. They acceded to the proposition, and re-opened, it ; but, a high school having been erected and opened in the mean time, a large number of the students attending the Seminary withdrew and entered their names upon the books of the new institution. Finding that to be the case, the Baptist members declined to fulfill their portion of the contract relative to the endowment, and, in 1874, surrendered the building to the former Directors, who, thereupon, on January 6, 1876, called a meeting of the legal voters and passed a series of resolutions, declaring that the Seminary building had been abandoned as an institution of learning, and resolving to deed the building and lands over to a corporation then organizing under the name of the Evansville Boot and Shoe Company. This was done, and the Company, by the appointment of a care-taker, virtually entered upon the premises.

This proceeding, not being in accord with the ideas of the projector of the Institute, he at once commenced a suit for recovery of the property, on the ground that the land had been given for seminary purposes only, and, therefore, should revert to him. But, by a peculiar ruling of the lower Court, which found facts in his favor and the law against him, he failed to obtain possession. He then entered exceptions to the ruling, and took the matter to the Supreme Court, where it now rests.

Following is a list of the Principals under whose charge it was from the date of its organization to its abandonment: Mr. Romulus 0. Kellogg, Miss M. Cleveland, Messrs. George A.. Smith, Damon Y. Kilgore, Henry R. Colman and George S. Bradley.

In 1843, a charter was granted to A. Hyatt Smith, William H. H. Bailey, Charles Stevens, J. B. Doe, Edward V. Whiton, and others, for the purpose, as set forth in their petition, of establishing an academy in the city of Janesville. A stone building, two stories high, with a basement, was erected on the west side of High street, between Milwaukee and Court streets, in what was then known as Bailey & Smith's Addition, was erected, and, in the early part of 1844, the Academy opened for business, with the Rev. Thomas J. Ruger as Principal. In those days, religious societies were more numerous than churches, and the Academy was frequently rented to diflFerent denominations desiring to hold services therein. Messrs. Alden, Woodward and Woodruff successively became the subsequent managers of the institution, and, about 1855, the property was purchased by the city and converted to the uses of a public school, being generally known thereafter as the Janesville Free Academy, until the confines of its walls could no longer accommodate the pupils who sought admission. It was then torn down, and the imposing edifice known as the Central School was erected upon the site. Many of the business men of Janesville owe their education to the curriculum of the " Old Stone Academy."

In 1855, Mrs. L. Peterson opened a private school in Janesville. Mrs. Peterson was born November 30, 1800, in Claremont, N. H., and has taught school fifty-one years. She has been giving private instruction to many of the children of Janesville for twenty-four years past, and lives to see the fruits of her labor on every hand.

German Lutheran Parochial School (Janesville). In 1876, the German Lutherans of Janesville purchased a lot near the corner of Academy and School streets and erected thereon a one-story building, 24x40 feet in size, at a cost of $1,000, for the accommodation of the parochial school in connection with their Church. J. Schlerf, the Pastor of the congregation, is also the teacher of the school. The attendance in winter is about seventy, while in the summer the scholars will not number above forty. Both German and English are taught.

St. Joseph's Convent, a-large brick building, two stories high, connected with St. Patrick's Church, was erected in 1863-64, under the direction of Father Doyle, of St. Patrick's Church. David Doolan was the contractor. The structure cost $12,000. A large number of Catholic children are instructed at this school by the Sisters connected with it.

In the fall of 1857, Edward Searing, for two or three years previously a student and for one year an assistant teacher of Latin in Cazenovia Seminary, New York, came to the village of Union, in this county, and opened a private " English and Classical" school. With the exception of Evansville Seminary, then in a chrysalis state, there was at the time no school nearer than Janesville offering instruction in the intermediate and higher branches. Despite the insignificant size of the village, the lack of suitable accommodations and the competition in Evansville, three miles distant, the new school was from the first a success. The second year, the number of students rendered necessary the aid of two assistants and taxed the capacity of the village in boarding facilities. At the close of the third year, equally prosperous as the preceding, Mr. Searing gave up the school and returned East to pursue his studies. He was succeeded by Mr. W. H. Peck, a graduate of .Dartmouth College, afterward County Superintendent of Iowa County and editor of the Mineral Point Democrat, by whom the enterprise was continued for a year with considerable success. After graduating from the University of Michigan in 1861, Prof Searing returned to Union and conducted the school for another year, or until he removed to Milton in the fall of 1862, when it was discontinued.

The public schools of Hock County compare favorably with those of any other county in Wisconsin, and are superior to those of many. For this there are obvious reasons. The presence, in opposite sides of the county, of Beloit College and of Milton Academy and College, and their influence throughout, may have contributed largely to diffuse a general interest in education. The latter institution, especially, has trained and sent out many teachers for the public schools, and some for the Normal Schools. Much good has also resulted to the county at large from the High Schools of Beloit and Janesville. These schools will be described hereafter.

Graded Schools. - The county being divided into two superintendent districts, the graded schools of each district may be considered separately. In the First District, there are but two graded schools proper, aside from the Janesville city schools. One of these is located at Evansville, and has a High School Department, which is organized under the free high school law, and is known as the Evansville High School. There are four departments, and five teachers employed in the entire school. The school was established as a graded school in the year 1868, and continued in prosperity and healthy growth until 1877, when it was organized under the free high school law. The graded school at Edgerton is now a school of four departments. There is a school of two departments at Fulton Village, and another at Footville, neither of which has adopted any system of grading. The following are the graded schools in the Second District, arranged in the order of size : Clinton Junction, four departments, 1863 ; Milton Junction, two departments, graded, 1870; Shopiere, two departments, 1858; Milton (at first with three, 1876), two departments, 1868 ; Johnstown Center, two departments, 1870 ; Johnstown, two departments, 1858 ; Emerald Grove, two departments, 1866 ; Lima Center, two departments, 1871.

At Clinton, Shopiere, Milton and Emerald Grove, teachers have been employed for a term of years ; others are making advancement in that respect.

Supervisors. - While the public schools were under the town superintendency, several gentlemen rendered excellent service in that capacity, among whom was Hon. Edward Searing, late State Superintendent.

The county superintendency went into operation January 1, 1862. The first Superintendent elected for Rock County was the Rev. J. I. Foote, of Footeville. He was an energetic and efficient worker in the cause of common schools. Before the second election, the county wisely availed itself of the privilege granted by law to all counties having more than 16,000 inhabitants, of dividing the county into two districts and electing two Superintendents, and selecting H. A. Richards for the First District, embracing the western portion of the county, and A. Whitford for the Second District. The successors of Mr. Richards, in the First District, were J. I. Foote, two terms (four years) ; J. W. Harris, two terms ; E. A. Burdick, two terms, and J. W. West, now (1879) serving on the last year of a second term. In the Second or East District, the successors of Superintendent Whitford have been C. M. Treat, four terms, and J. B. Tracy, now closing his third term. It will thus be seen that it has been the policy not to change the incumbent often, which has contributed much to the usefulness of the office.

The whole number of school districts in the county is about 170 ; of teachers required (not including Beloit and Janesville), 185 ; number employed in course of the year, ^25. The yearly expenditure is about |55,000. Of this amount, only about $2,500 comes from the income of the school fund, distributed by the State Superintendent.

Of Free High Schools, there is but one outside of the cities of Beloit and Janesville. This is at Evansville, and takes the place, in some measure, of the Evansville Seminary, formerly in operation, as has been shown, in that flourishing village.

The objects of the society are very praiseworthy, and are as follows : To unite reputable pharmacists who practice in the county, for mutual aid, encouragement and improvement ; to encourage scientific research ; to develop pharmaceutical talent ; to elevate the standard of professional thought, and ultimately to restrict the practice of pharmacy to properly qualified druggists and apothecaries. ^

^ As the association is the first of its kind in the State, the members are properly cheered by their success, and hope soon to increase their membership to two hundred or more.

The Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Industrial Association was organized October 26, 1873, at Beloit, with the following officers : J. N. Chamberlain, President ; Henry F. Hobart, Secretary, and S. C. Moody, Treasurer. The first fair was held on the 15th, 16th and ;ind 17th days of September, 1874. The report of the Treasurer, made in October, showed that there was received from various sources the sum of |2,688.40, with disbursements, to the nraount of $2,645.39.

In 1875, the following were the officers: R. J. Burge, President; M. S. Hinman, Secretary, and S. C. Moody, Treasurer. ' Tie fair was held the 14th to 16th of September, the receipts being $2,270.91, and disbursements, $2,010.13.

The officers elected for 1876 were : H. P. Strong, President ; M. S. Hinman, Secretary, and George A . Houston, Treasurer. The fair was held September 18th to 20th, the amount of receipts being $3,102.66, and disbursements, $2,928.16, of which amount, $988.75 was paid in premiums.

In 1877, the fair was held September 8d to 6th. The officers for this year were : R. M. Benson, President; M. S. Hinman, Secretary, and G. A. Hanston, Treasurer. Receipts, $2,584.00 ; premiums, $1,446.25 ; other expenses, $37.75.

The f^iir of 1878 was held September 2d to 6th. The officers were : H. Pentland, President; H. L. Skavlen and J. D. Northrop, Vice Presidents; B. A. Chapman, Secretary, and T. B. Bailey, Treasurer. The receipts of the fair were $2,536.72, and expenses, $2,382.45; balance on hand, $154.27.

The fair of 1879, held September 2d to 5th inclusive, was a success, the receipts being about $2,500. The officers were: H. Pentland, President; H. F. Skavlen, First Vice President; J. D. Northrop, Second Vice President; B. A. Chapman, Secretary; T. B. Bailey, Treasurer ; E. N. Clark, Saber Gesley and S. K. Blodgett, Directors.

The grounds of the Association contain about fifty acres, located one mile north of the city. They are leased by the society, and are under their control only during the four or more days they actually occupy them. The buildings upon the grounds are good, and there is an excellent track. It is due, however, to the society to state that, were it not for the very uncertain tenure of the lease, they would erect more substantial and consequently handsomer buildings than those now in use.

The society now numbers about one hundred and fifty members, all of whom are deeply interested in the object for which the Association was formed, viz., the promotion of agriculture and the raising of fine stock.

The Mack Murder

At an early hour on the morning of Sunday, July 14, 1878, Joseph Watsic, a farm hand in the employ of George Mack, a farmer in comfortable circumstances, residing near Shopiere in Rock County, was aroused from his slumbers by " Frank " Dickerson, his room-mate, and directed to go out to the barn and feed the stock. In accordance with such directions, he went' to the barn, and as he opened the door, a spectacle greeted his gaze which caused him to shriek out with terror and beat a hasty retreat to the house, with the announcement that " Mr. Mack was dead and laid in the barn." The sight which greeted his aifrighted vision was the body of his master prone on the stable-floor beneath the horses' feet, stiff and stark and still in death. The body lay lengthwise in the stall, the head toward the doorway, and presented an appearance so ghastly as to almost paralyze with fear the unwilling witness of one of the most terrible domestic tragedies the annals of crime record.

What, in the light of subsequent developments, proved to be a cold-blooded murder took place on the farm of the murdered man, about eleven miles from Janesville in Turtle Township. The place is pleasantly situated on the north bank of Turtle Creek, overlooking which is an unpretentious two-story frame, known as the "Mack Homestead" time out of mind, while

George Mack, the alleged victim of his wife's hatred and malice, was, as stated, a farmer in comfortable circumstances, respected by his neighbors, esteemed by the public, and without an enemy in ,the world (outside his own household), who would contribute to the " deep damnation of his taking-off." The family consisted of the deceased - his wife, three children, and two men, " Frank " Dickerson and Joseph Watsic, who were assisting on the farm.

Belinda Whitney Mack, the chief actor in this tragedy from real life, as charged in the indictment, was born at Honeoye Falls, IST. Y., upward of thirty-five years ago. When quite young, she accompanied Ambrose Gates (her father) West, and settled at Beloit. She remained here with her family, attending and teaching school until she was twenty-two years of age, meanwhile receiving the addresses of George Mack, to whom she was married by the Rev. E. J. Goodspeed, on the 22d of October, 1863, at the Hyatt House, in Janesville, and who, from that date: to the time of his tragic death, if reports current in that behalf are founded on fact, led a checkered experience under her direction. She is represented as a dignified, agreeable woman, whom the finger of Time and affliction had touched lightly, with prominent features, dark eyes and hair (the latter parted on the side), and in make-up, manners and conversation, indicating the possession of faculties, character and nerve, rarely to be found without the pages of romance ; she appeared to the casual observer as a woman of power and will in a marked degree, yet, one susceptible to the influence of circumstances ; a woman of intellectual vigor, yet without the intellectual polish which fascinates and accomplishes where force often fails. On the trial, when testifying in her own behalf, it is said, she maintained a wonderful composure, and that a portion of her evidence, though confirmed by her daughter Etta, was denied specifically on the examination of her alleged accomplice and other witnesses.

Orrin, alias " Frank" Dickerson, indicted as an accessory, is of German parentage, born in McHenry County, 111., and, though at the time of his arrest but twenty-three years old, was large for his age, and had acquired a reputation for " crookedness " and cunning that was general. In appearance, he is described as below medium height, florid complexion, red hair, short neck, of stock'y build, arid neither as a man of parts nor intelligence possesses one claim to the consideration of the opposite sex. How he could have been recognized by Belinda Mack in any other light than as a repulsive dependant was a mystery that has thus far escaped solution by the public. When arrested, and, as thought, in immediate danger of lynching, he admitted the murder but sought to palliate his crime, as did Adam in the garden, with the plea that the woman tempted him and he fell.

Thus was the tragedy, which startled the public on a Sabbath morning in July, 1878, cast ; these were the characters upon whose exit from the stage of active life, from mingling with the delights of home, and the pleasures which render an existence here, at best, only endurable, has the curtain been rung down forever. ,

When Joe Watsic returned and notified the occupants of the " Mack Homestead " of the husband and father's death, Dickerson made his way to the barn to " ascertain the truth of the report," and "Bin" Mack, with the exclamation, " My God, it ain't so, is it?" hurriedly dressed herself, and, descending the stairway, saw through the gray light of the morning the mangled body of her murdered husband being borne to the house, to await the offices of the coroner and undertaker.

Residents in the vicinity were notified of the fate of their neighbor, and visited the scene of the tragedy to, if possible, solve the seeming mystery which shrouded the occurrence. Watsic detailed the facts of his finding the body, and Dickerson proceeded to Beloit, where he published to the widow's relatives that George Mack had been killed by " old Jen," one of the animals used on the farm.

While this story at first blush seemed to be supported by the appearance of the body, subsequent investigation, together with the knowledge of domestic infelicities said to have existed in decedent's, family, and the alleged cause therefor, induced the conclusion that death had resulted from foul pla v.

A careful examination of the remains disclosed wounds which experts asserted could not have been received from the kicks or trampling of " Old Jen." His chest was badly stove-in; his face scratched and pounded to a jelly ; there was an ugly gash upon the top of his head, as though made with a sharp instrument, and one shoulder and three ribs were badly fractured. There was a " hog wallow " opposite the stable that gave evidence of a struggle having taken place in it, and Mack's hands, together with his clothing, were smeared with mud, corresponding in appearance to that in the "hog wallow." In addition to these extrinsic evidences of the presence of an assassin's hand, it was common riimor that the life of deceased had been embittered by jealousy, occasioned by Mrs. Mack's familiarity with Dickerson. This jealousy provoked trouble between the latter and Mack, which resulted in Dickerson's discharge from service some time during the May previous. Soon after. Mack fell sick, and Mrs. Mack recalled Dickerson and put him to work. To this the murdered man objected, but his opposition was smoothed over by his wife, and the prime cause of the trouble remained on the place until he was arrested on a charge of murder.

The inquest was held Sunday morning, July 14, as soon after the discovery of the crime as arrangements could be completed. Justice E. P. King, of Beloit. conducting the examination, the jury consisting of William Taylor, Lewis Shoemaker, E. J. Carpenter, George A. Houston, William Burton and S. Scrivens. Mrs. Mack stated that she slept up stairs with the children on the night of the homicide, her husband remaining down stairs ; that she saw him previous to retiring, and from that time until found by Watsic in the morning, she knew nothing of his whereabouts. The testimony of Watsic was simply as to the finding of the body. The evidence adduced afforded a reasonable presumption to the minds of the jury that while decedent had come to his death from blows inflicted by some person or persons unknown, the arrest of Dickerson would be fully justified. He was accordingly apprehended by officer Robinson, and taken to Beloit for safe-keeping. When arrested, Dickerson observed to Mrs. Mack : " My God, they have arrested me for killing George." "Well, you didn't do it, did you, Frank?" she replied. " God knows I didn't," he responded, which was the last communication that passed between the suspected parties, until they occupied neighboring cells in the county jail at Janesville.

The murdered Mack was laid away in the country churchyard, his widow returning from the funeral to the house of a relative in Beloit, where she was arrested by the ofiicers of the law and taken to the Goodwin House, to be held until a judicial examination should pass upon the suspicious circumstances surrounding Dickerson and herself.

In the mean time, every means was employed to extort a confession from the former, and so successfully, that, after some delay and several contradictory statements, he made a clean breast of the "bloody business," charging the commission of the deed upon Mrs. Mack. He was ignorant of her intentions, and only identified himself with the crime by assisting the murderess (in consequence of her threats) in conveying the body' to the stable and placing it under the heels of " Old Jen."

At the preliminary examination held in Beloit, he repeated his confession with such variations as suggested themselves, calculated to acquit himself of guilt, at the expense of his accomplice, and leave the impression that his acts at the date of the murder and subsequent thereto were committed under duress. He gave a history of his service at Mack's, of his relations with Mrs. Mack, and all the features of his daily life while there, which only confirmed the impressions which had obtained among the neighbors prior to the tragedy, and stamped their author as a man wicked beyond comparison and utterly insensible to every moral obligation. The examination resulted in the accused being held* without bail to await their trial under the information filed, pending which they were confined in the County Jail and their every movement watched to prevent escape, as also to protect them from the threatened "assault of the mob."

As the days came and went, interest in the crime, the parties implicated and all the facta connected therewith, increased rather than diminished. Mrs. Mack refused to be interviewed upon the murder, seemingly maintaining, outwardly, a semblance of indiiFerence to the causes of her detention, as also to the ultimate result, but secretly endeavoring, by means of notes and personal admonitions, to strengthen Dickerson in a resolve to observe a rigid silence, or aid her in preparing a defense which should secure their acquittal.

Dickerson passed his hours in proposing new pleas in confession and avoidance, canvassing the murder with prisoners, whom he is reported to have assured that he would " bend all his energies, wits, etc., to get off as accessory after the fact." Indeed, a mind so fertile, as his is said to have been in his own defense, and so little restrained by conscientious scruples, would intuitively discover modes of relieving the tedium of prison life.

With the approach of the trial, some speculation was indulged by the public as to which of the defendants would be called upon to plead first. This question being finally disposed of, Mrs. Mack was produced in court on the 10th day of December, 1878, accompanied by her niece, Miss Chapin, and, taking her seat within the railing, the work of impaneling a jury was proceeded with at once. Two venires were exhausted and a third nearly disposed of before the panel was filled and the following jurors accepted : 0. P. Gaarder, Spring Valley ; 0. S. Crow, Center ; William Grimes, Avon ; Benjamin Bleasdale, Rock ; E. N. Haugen and Henry Phillips, Plymouth ; John McLean, Johnstown ; W. H. Weaver, Milton ; James Parmley, Center ; Jackson Vickerman, Lima; Hulett Story, Harmony; E. D. Barnard, Porter.'

Judge Conger presided ; the State was represented by District Attorney Sole and the Hon. J. R. Bennett ; the defense retaining as counsel Messrs. Winan's & McElroy and Eidridge & Fethers, of Janes ville, in conjunction with the Hon. S. J. Todd, of Beloit. Public interest in the proceedings was intense and sympathy pronounced adversely to the defendant. The crime was without a precedent in the State, almost without a parallel in the country ; the guilt of the defendant at the bar was conclusive upon the admissions made by her alleged paramour and accessory, and the majesty of the law could only be vindicated by conviction. The audience was such as has rarely excited the ambition of a Justice or "the fears and emulations " of an advocate. It lined the avenues of approach to the court-room, the auditorium of which, its aisles and galleries, were crowded to suffocation. On that day, age forgot its crutch, labor its task, and grace and female loveliness left her sex at the door in her anxiety to witness the race for conviction the defendant should run, and be in at the death.

The District Attorney opened the case for the prosecution in a clear and concise statement of what he expected to prove, and was followed by S. J. Todd, in behalf of the defense. At the conclusion of his remarks, the State formally inaugurated the prosecution by calling Joseph Watsic, who discovered the body of Mack. His evidence was a repetition of that adduced at the Coronor's inquest, alluded to above. He was followed by Drs. Bell and Strong, who made an autopsy of the body ; by members of the Coroner's jury and neighbors, who testified as to the rumors regarding defendant's relations with Dickerson, and her conduct on the day when the murder was discovered. Their testimony tended to strengthen the guilt of Mrs. Mack, to confirm her as the murderess of her husband more eifectively, even, than that of "Frank " Dickerson, who was called next and gave a detailed account of his intimacy with the prisoner at the bar, concluding with a statement of how the murder was committed.

He testified, substantially, that, on the night of the murder, the family were in the house. "Watsic went to bed about 8 o'clock ; Mrs. Mack and two children were in the kitchen, and George and one child were in the dining-room when I went to bed ; I heard the three children go to bed half an hour after me in Mrs. Mack's room up-stairs ; Mrs. Mack came up with them. I next saw her standing in my room door one-half or three-quarters of an hour later. I saw her at my room door one hour later, and heard George open his door and come up-stairs. She had a revolver in her hand, and went down-stairs. She called me down, and I put on my overalls, and heard them talking as I went down ; just as I went into the kitchen, she seized a club from the wood-box and struck him on the head; he fell down; she was by the door, and he was on the ground, or on some planks ; I was in the door between the kitchen and the dining-room. I went out, and George lay with his head on the sidewalk, perfectly still. I said I would go and tell Pooles' folks. She said, ' If you do' I will lay it all to you ; we will carry him to the barn, and tell that " old Jen " killed him.' She got some clothes and wrapped around his head ; I took his feet, and she took him ar6und the body. We laid him down to open the gate ; then, when most to the barn, we laid him down again, and I went and drove hogs back which had got into the yard. We laid the body behind the horse, and she took the horse by the halter and backed it over the body., I started for the house, and saw Jim Snell going home. I left Mrs. Mack in the barn and wen.t to the house and went to bed. After a while, I got up and looked out of the window, aild saw Mrs. Mack going toward the barn ; she was near the hog-pen, by the gate ; had a revolver in her right hand, and picked up a sled stake. I waited awhile, sitting on a chest, and saw her coming around the north end of the tool-shed, and going southeast. There was a board off of the fence near the hogpen, and, as she got over, she said, ' that's all right." She came to the house, and, quite awhile after, she came up-stairs to my room door, and then she went to her room. I went down stairs, and she came down and asked me where I was going, and I told her I was going to Snell's. ' Don't make a fool of yourself,' she said, and 'you must help me put the clothes under the privy.' We raised the privy, and she put the clothes under with a barrel stave. I went back to the house and took off my shoes ; I started up-stairs, and she said, ' hold on,' and went into Mack's room, and told me to come in and see if there was any blood on me. We went in ; she put down the curtains and lit the lamp, and I could find no blood only on my shirt sleeve, where I had the bloody clothes on my arm. She got me a clean shirt and I put it on, and then she said, ' You will be true to me, won't you, Frank ,? ' I said I would, and then went to bed ; shq told me she would call Joe in the morning, and I must tell him to feed the horses."

He then left Mack's room and retired to his own, where he remained until morning. This was his story, and though subjected to the severest cross-examination, he did not falter once or vary in any material point from the facts as cited.

It should be observed here that the wound found on Mack's forehead, when his body was examined by the physicians, was claimed by Mrs. Mack to have been inflicted by herself during a quarrel, Friday night before the murder, for the possession of a revolver she had in her keeping. During this dispute, she struck him with a pitcher. Her daughter Etta, a young girl thirteen years of age, witnessed the altercation, the blow's effect and her mother's subsequent dressing of the wound, and so stated on the trial.

At the conclusion of Dickerson's testimony, and the introduction of letters purporting to have passed between the witness and defendant, the State rested and the defense begun by the submission of testimony designed to impeach Dickerson's credibility.

Following this, came Etta Mack, the oldest of the murdered man's children and was the last witness examined before Mrs. Mack joined issue with a general denial. The child is stated to have been about twelve or thirteen years of age, of modest demeanor, with a sweet, sad face and a quiet, self-possessed, truthful manner, which won the hearts of the immense and interested audience during the recital of her evidence. She was called upon chiefly to testify, as stated, in regard to the wound on her father's head, which the physicians insisted was of a date more recent than claimed by the defense, and further that it could not have been inflicted in the manner described, that is, by a blow from a pitcher. Her testimony impressed all who heard it with its truth, and was in no way shaken by the cross-examination of the counsel for the State. Belinda Mack was called and at the close of her evidence the case was practically closed, and the arguments of the counsel began. Mrs. Mack denied, specifically and in order, the facts alleged by Dickerson, and the efforts of able counsel failed to entangle her story even in its minutest detail. At the conclusion of the Judge's charge, the jury retired, and, after an absence of forty-three hours, returned with a verdict of murder in the first degree, the penalty for which was imprisonment for life. The defendant sat unmoved when the verdict was rendered, receiving the announcement of her doom with scarcely a perceptible sign of emotion. Thus ended one of the most memorable trials ever had in the country, a trial based upon facts, as above observed, almost without a parallel in the history of crime.

A motion for new trial was argued by Mr. Winans, of counsel for the accused, but denied, and sentence passed upon the prisoner January 10, 1879, according to the verdict, by confinement at hard labor in the State Prison of Wisconsin, for the term of her natural life, and that on the 13th day of each July during such term her imprisonment should be solitary.

"Frank " Dickerson was placed on trial on the 15th day of May, 1879, as accessory, and after ten days of arduous defense by his attorney, the Hon. A. Hyatt Smith, the jury decreed that he should accompany Mrs. Mack to the State Prison at Waupun and there remain during the term of his natural life.

He has assisted in advancing the interests of the Church by donation and otherwise ; contributed toward building Milton College and the Congregational Church. Republican. His home farm consists of 160 acres. He breeds cattle, hogs, horses, and the usual products of the county.

W. H. liAlVE, miller and dealer in lumber, coal and brick ; born in Sparta, Sussex Co., N. J., Nov. 7, 1830 ; son of William and Margaret Lane ; came to Rock Co. June 1, 1866, and located at Janesville, commencing to work at James B. Haines' sash, door and blind factory; bought a farm on Section .33 of eighty acres. Married Miss Susan Mabie Jan. 3, 1855, daughter of Martin Mabie, of LaFayette, Sussex Co., N. J. Their children are John M., born Jan. 31, 1856; Mathias C, Nov. 25, 1858; Margaret, Junes, 1862, who died Sept. 20, 1862.

JAMES McEWAlV, farmer; P. 0. Milton ; born in Perthshire, Scotland, May 8, 1824 ; sou of William and Elizabeth McEwan. His father is dead ; his mother came to America with six children, one son having left for America some time previously. He married Mrs. C. C. Carr, daughter of Simon and RoxieAtherton, of Tolland Co., Conn.; had one child - Mary E. B., born June 1,1875. Attend the Congregational Church. From 1856 to 1879, carried on a general store in Milton, and alvfays paid 100 cents on the dollar ; E. A. Holmes bought him out.

PETER McEWAlV, deceased; born at Birnam, Perthshire, Scotland; came to America in 1834. In the spring of 1837, he, with eleven others, left Milwaukee to explore the country in search of homes; reached Prairie du Lac, about the first of June, and made claim to and settled on the land on part of which the village of Milton now stands. After a residence of over twenty years, in 1851, failing health' induced him to olase up his business and return to his native land ; since that time, he resided in the city of Perth until his decease on Jan. 30, 1879.