Portage City (part 2 of 3)

One winter, the soldiers got up a theater, the officers contributing toward scenery and dresses. There being a great variety of character among the soldiers, they got up quite a respectable company, which afforded us much amusement. Then we would sometimes make up a party and go a-visiting, but, to do so, we had to go over 100 miles to Green Bay, Prairie

* If in 17311, then it was 104 years before Mr. MttrreU*s advent at Fort WinOHba^o; if in 1746, as the trailition^ of Aiigustin Griguon fix the time, then it was only eighty-eiglit years before. But this aged Winnebago woman conld not have been presant, as it was the SaukB and Foxes, and not the Winnebagoes, whom the French attacked and deleated. L. C. D.

du Chien, or Chicago. One visit we made to Chicago is very well told by Gen. Marcy, in a former number oi Harper' » Monthly * when we were all taken upon the road for stealing a buffalo robe, for the purpose of filching money out of us, as they thought we would sooner pay than be detained at a log tavern over night.

About the 1st of March, 1835, I got ready to start for New York on horseback, but the only sure way to go was via Galena, and from there to Chicago, as there were no roads through the country in any other direction, and if I attempted to cross the country to Milwaukee or Chicago, there were no bridges or ferries for crossing the streams. Capt. Harris, from Galena, came up to the Fort on business, and I gladly embraced the opportunity of accompanying him on his return.

The first night, we stayed at Rowan's celebrated house, thirty-five miles from the fort. I had heard much of his inn, and found that it filled the bill. It consisted of two log buildings, with an open space about ten feet between, all under the same roof After taking care of our horses and getting something to eat, we inquired where we should sleep, and madam told us in the other house ; so we went in, and concluded we should do very well, as there was nothing in the room but a bed and one or two three-legged stools. After lying down, and by the time we were ready to go to sleep, there was an unearthly squeal and grunt of hogs in the open space between the two rooms, only a partition of logs between our heads and them. I was told that Gov. Doty once stayed there, and after supper, as was his custom, rolled himself in his blanket on the floor. The family all lived, cooked and slept in the one room, and in the night the Governor felt something poking about him, and found it was a pet pig the children had running about the house. The Governor felt of the puncheons of the floor, and found one loose, which he raised carefully, and, grabbing the pig, thrust him under, and was relieved of his company that night. The next morning, thei'e was a great search for the pig.

Dr. Worrel, of the army, with a companion, arrived there at one time, and on hearing him called doctor, madam says, " I am dreadful glad you are a doctor, for my children are most rotten with the itch." When she was cooking supper, there was a dish of potatoes upon the hearth, and the pet pig stuck his nose in it ; the doctor says, '- Madam, I would like to be served before the pig." So, in traveling through the country, we came across some curious specimens of humanity.

We journeyed on through Mineral Point to Galena; as we were going in, we met most of the population, as I judged, going out to a horse race. I called for dinner at Bonnet's Hotel, but it was difficult to get waited upon, as most of the folks had gone. So I got something to eat, and pushed on, taking the stage road via Dixon's Ferry. At night, I rode up in front of a house where a woman was standing in the door, and inquired if I could stay with them over night. " I reckon," said she. I looked at her, and thinks I to myself she means yes ; so concluded to find out by dismounting and walking in, when she informed me, as the men were not in, I would have to put my horse in the barn myself, which I was by this time well accustomed to do. I pushed on through Chicago around by Michigan City to Detroit, my pony and I 'anding it well. I had prepared myself so well that I could stand it, storm or sunshine, i re I sold my pony, and took a steamer to Cleveland ; from there I had to stage it.

T first visited Mineral Point in 1835, where I made many acquaintances ; Col. Abner Nichjls, a peculiar character, whom all will recollect who ever knew him; Col. William S. Hamilton, Col. Charles Bracken, Maj. Henry, Levi Sterling, Tom Parish, Mr. Black, a very amusing man - one who could keep a company laughing all the evening with his amusing stories; Col. Sheldon, Maj. Enos, Ebenezer Brigham, resident of Blue Mounds, who came into Wisconsin as a settler in 1828, a stanch, sound man ; James Morrison, who afterward settled in Madison ; Gen. Dodge, a firm old Roman, who, when in Congress as Senator with I. P. Walker, from Wisconsin, was instructed by resolution of the Legislature to vote against a clause in a bill applying to California, which was construed as admitting slavery. Walker, disregarding the dictation of the Legislature, voted for it. Gen. Dodge, being sick at the time, had himself carried into the Senate chamber, and when his name was called, requested the Clerk to read the instructions to her Senators from the Legislature of Wisconsin. When finished, he voted "No," which was looked upon as great a rebuke as could have been given to Walker, whose action then laid him on the shelf, for it was never forgotten or forgiven by the people of the State. Many others too numerous to mention I met there.

After visiting Mineral Point, I called on friend N. Goodie, at Elk Grove, and then rode to the furnace of Tom Parish, a very genial man. Spending a short time with him, I pushed on, and it became very dark, and traveling on an Indian trail, so dark I could not see it, but let my horse take his own course. Finally I brought up to a fence, and following it, I came to a house where I was to stay, at Patch's Grove. I got into very good quarters, Mr. Patch being very sociable, as most people were in those days, for they were glad to see company and get the news, as probably they had no mails oftener than once a month, and neighbors being few and far between. After conversing a long time, he wanted to know what State I came from, for he said he could generally tell ; but in my case he could not make it out. When I told him I was from New York, he said he thought so ; for it was the only State he was puzzled about. The next morning, I followed a road to a ferry across the Wisconsin, and then pushed on three miles to Fort Crawford, Prairie du Chien.

made many acquaintances, among them Col. Zachary Taylor, afterward General, and since President of the United States. Fort Crawford and most of the town were handsomely situated on a beautiful plateau, rising, I should think, not more than ten or twelve feet above the high-water mark of the river. What was called the Old Town, where the French firSt built, was across a slough, but as the high waters of the river overflowed the ground, many moved across on to a higher situation. Here I became acquainted with Mr. Joseph Rolette, an old French trader, and a smart man in his way. He, together with Mr. Hercules L. Dousman, conducted the business of the American Fur Company. I had met them before, as their business took them, via Portage and Green Bay, to Mackinaw, through which route they transported all their fui's and peltries, Mackinaw being the depot of the company for the Northwest, where the furs were received and repacked, previous to being shipped to New York. Tiiis town [Prairie du Chien], being the oldest settled point, except Green Bay, by the whites, in the Northwest, invested much interest in it. I thought it delightful, although there were but few Americans living there at the time, most of the inhabitants being French and half-breeds. Their houses were a curiosity to me, covered, as they were, I'oof and sides, with white cedar bark. The prairie is, I think, six miles long by about three miles back to the bluff. Like the locality where La Crosse is situated, I think it evidently all made ground, where ages ago was an extensive lake.

The Mississippi is a noble river, it being filled with islands covered with a dense vegetation, with the bluff sometimes rising perpendicularly to some hundreds of feet, varying in shape constantly at every turn in the river, with here and there a small valley or ravine reaching the stream from the hills or prairies ; and one never tires, while ascending or descending the river, in admiring the scenery. I was amused at the remarks of Daniel Whitney, from Green Bay, while he and I were standing on the bank watching the current. " Oh," said he, " I wish I had as many guineas as drops of water ever passed this place." I told him he was altogether too extravagant, laughing at his remark.

In March, 1836, I wanted to go by the way of Sheboygan on a journey to New York, so the commanding officer gave a soldier by the name of Moore a furlough for the rest of his time - about a month - and his discharge, for the purpose of accompanying me. I got a jumpersleigh and a harness, calculating to throw it away when it was necessary ; put my horse before it, and Moore and I started and went to Fond du Lac, where we found, on the bank of the stream, part of an old wigwam, and decided to encamp in it. I went to building a fire, and

Moore went to the stream for water. I heard him talking, and supposed some Indian had come up : but on his return he said he was swearing, for he had to cut through three feet of ice before he got water. We made our tea, ate our supper, and slept finely.

Ne.xt morning we started east, but, after getting upon the high lands, the small bushes wore so thick, I told my companion we could not take the sleigh any further, so we left the sleigh and packed the baggage on the horse and took it oft foot. When I got tired, I mounted the horse and rode, and after getting rested would jump off and lead him. At length we struck a trail and followed it, supposing it must lead to Sheboygan, but, after going some distance, I concluded it led too far south. So we altered our course and struck north of east. As night approached, I selected a camping ground near a little lake, as we supposed. The snow was so frozen to the ground we could not get it off, so I cut a lot of bushes with the leaves on, and spread them on the frozen snow, upon which we laid ilown, after building a good tire and eating our supper. Moore said he cut through three feet of ice for water and struck into mud, thus proving it to be a marsh instead of a lake. We had to melt ice for water.

The next day we pushed on, and, hearing the report of a gun, I called aloud and an Indian came up, who directed us to a trail, which took us to a house on the river, where a man by the name of Follett was living. I had intended stopping here a day to look at some land I had purchased, but Follett told me he had no hay or anything for my horse, and there was none to be had, as there were no other inhabitants in that region. I found he had some corn meal, and I persuaded him to let me have a peck for §1. I then decided upon going on in the morning. Moore struck up a bargain with Follett for a pony to ride to Chicago ; so we mounted in the morning and renewed our journey. At night we came to a place where logs had been put up for a house, inside of which we camped. We had provisions, but nothing for our horses. Next day, we arrived at Milwaukee, stopping at Mr. Vail's Cottage Inn. Here there was quite a crowd, so much so that they had to set several tables, and at meal times there was a great rush for the table. The hostler asked me how much oats he should give my horse. " Haifa bushel," I said. He stared at me. " I don't think they will hurt him," I added ; but when I came to settle the bill, they charged me at the rate of $3 a bushel for them, and I thought that was what astoni.shed him so much. I found that was the price along the road until we got to Chicago, for at that time provisions and grain had to be hauled from Indiana, and necessarily made the prices high.

I sold my horse at Chicago and took stage, having the company of Capt. Hunter, since General, as far as Detroit. I became tired of stage-riding, and resolved to buy a horse the first chance I had, and secured one at Cleveland, thence going on horseback by way of Sacket's Harbor tr Utica, N. Y. I found I could get along by daylight as far as the stage could day and night, as the roads were heavy.

On my return from Green Bay one season, I stayed at a house in the Stockbridge settlement, and, pursuing my journey alone through where Fond du Lac now is, seven miles southwest of it, I came to a creek, and there found a shanty put up by the soldiers when they were cutting a road through from Fort Winnebago. Thev had inserted some posts in the ground, and some poles across the top, with brush and a little straw for a roof. I concluded this was a good place to encamp, as it began to rain. So I spanceled my horse, ate my lunch, which I always carried with me through the country, then spread my horse blanket on some loose straw, hung up my saddlebags and saddle carefully, where I thought they would not get wet, and lay down, covering myself with the blanket and camlet cloak. But I had lain but a few moments before the Avatcr came in streams through the straw roof Soon I found the water settling under me ; it lodged upon the blanket and was forming a pool, so I pulled it from under me, and then the rain settled through the straw, and 1 went to sleep and slept soundly until afier sunrise.

When I awoke, it was hard to get my eyes open ; I went to the creek and washed, when I found that all my clothing was soaking wet, even to my saddle-skirts. Having a flask of spirits along, I ate some crackers and took a good drink, saddled and mounted, it still raining. I hooked my cloak, letting it hang loosely around me, and rode through to the fort. It stopped raining in the afternoon, and from the exercise I got dry, at least next to my body. I never felt any ill effects from the thorough soaking I got, although I supposed, before my experience, that serious if not fatal results would have attended such an exposure.

While I was Postmaster for many years at Fort Winnebago, for Dr. Charles W. Borup, who had charge of the American Fur Company's post at La Pointe - now Bayfield - near the head of Lake Superior, used to send through to me at Fort Winnebago, for his mail in the winter. The only way he could get it was to employ two or three voyageurs, as these men were called, who would come through prepared with their snow shoes, to use when necessary. In 1836 or 1837, John Baptiste Dubay* came through with two men and a dog train. He purchased of me supplies (of flour and tallow principally) and loaded the train, together with a horse and French train which I sold him, and started off, four dogs hauling about 50U pounds on one train. They and the management of them were quite a curiosity. Those voyageurs, I was told, would start into the Indian country, carrying on their backs goods or furs to the amount of 150 pounds, and travel some days sixty or seventy miles. The daily rations allowed them were a pint of dry corn and two ounces of tallow. For anything else, they depended upon game or the Indians. This accounted for Boi'up's wanted tallow, which was at first a mystery to me. I had frequent communications from Mr. Borup for several years. He at last settled at St. Paul, I suppose retiring from business.

One seasonf I arrived at Mineral Point on my way to New York, and found Messrs. M. M. Strong and John Catlin were going to Chicago, and they proposed we should all go together and strike a straight line for that place. We started, and went to the East Branch of the Pecatonica, and found it full of running ice, so we concluded to encamp there, as we always went prepared with our blankets, etc., for it ; and, the next morning, we could build a raft so as to float our baggage over. In the morning, we cut down a small pine tree, and made two stringers of it, and picked up some dry limbs, putting them across ; but we found it would not hold up our saddles.

" Well," said Mr. Strong, " we can swim our horses across twice, and so get our baggage across," and he prepared himself, putting his papers in his hat, and swam his horse across, leaving his hat on the opposite shore, and returned ; by this time, he shook like an aspen leaf. We rolled him up in blankets, and he laid down by the fire, trying to get us to try it, but we declined. I told him I could swim my horse across once, but I would not try it twice, and the only way for us was to go to the West Branch, and around by Rockford. After urging us until he found it was of no use, he got warmed up, and mounted his horse and went over and got his hat and papers ; returning, we mounted and rode over to the West Branch ; then he got a canoe, and, putting our baggage in, swam our horses over by passing several times ; thence we went on to Rockford.

One night we came to what we supposed a ravine full of water running from the prairie. Strong was on the lead. I, watching his horse closely, thought he stepped as though there was a causeway he was going over Catlin said to me, " Here is a narrower place ; I believe I will try it." I answered, " I see Strong has got over very well ; I will follow him," which I did, and Catlin followed me. But a little further on we came to a house we were to stay at over night. When we rode up, a man asked us which way we came, and how we got over the bridge. We told him we had not crossed any, when he said, if we had gone ten feet either side, we would have plunged into thirty feet of water. Strong tells the story that our horses crossed on the stringers, the bridge being carried off. We had a great deal of sport on our way, and I do not think either of us will ever forget the journey.

Gov. Dodge, being at Portage in 1837, invited the Winnebagoes to send a delegation to visit their Great Father at Washington. Suspicious of a purpose to obtain their lands, they tMoseB M. Strong states that he, in company with Mr. Merrell and Mr. Catlin, started on this trip from Mineral Point March 21, 1837, reaching Chicago on the Seth. L. C. D.

asked, " What for ? - to make a treaty?" The Governor evaded the point, suggesting that they could get acquainted with their Great Father, and obtain presents, and, after much persuasion, it was agreed to send a delegation - Yellow Thunder and two other chiefs, the others being young men, generally sons of chiefs. Satterlee Clark accompanied them as one of the conductors.

As soon as they reached Washington, they were beset to hold a treaty and cede their lands to the Government. They finally declined, saying they had no authority for any such purpose ; that the most of their chiefs were at home, who alone could enter into such a negotiation. Every influence was brought to bear upon them, and they began to get uneasy lest winter should set in and prevent their returning home. They were without means to defray their expenses back, and those managing Indian matters at Washington availed themselves of the necessities of the delegation, keeping them there, and urging them to enter into a treaty.

At length they yielded, not their judgments, but to the pressure brought to bear upon them, and, while reluctantly signing the treaty, yet all the while stoutly protesting against having any show of authority to do so. The treaty, as they were informed, permitted them to remain in the peaceful occupancy of the ceded lands eight years, when in fact it was only that number of months ; and, as each went forward to attach his name, or rather mark, to the treaty, he would repeat what he understood as to the time they were to remain, " eight years," And thus the poor red men were deceived and outwitted by those who ought to have been their wards and protectors.

One of the young men, son of a prominent chief, dared not, on his return home, visit his father for a long time. The whole nation felt that they had been outraged, and forced to leave their native homes. Yellow Thunder declared he would never go - that he would leave his bones in Wisconsin ; but he was invited, with young Black Wolf, into Fort Winnebago, on pretense of holding a conncil, when the gates were treacherously closed on them, and they and many others were conveyed by the United States troops beyond the Mississippi, But Yellow Thunder got back sooner than the soldiers who forced him away,* Then he induced John T. De La Ronde to accompany him to the Land Office at Mineral Point, and enter forty acres of land in his behalf, on the west side of the Wisconsin, about eight miles above Portage. At the Land Office, inquiry was made if Indians would be permitted to enter land? " Yes," was the reply, " Government had given no orders to the contrary," So Yellow Thunder, the head war chief of his peo]ile, secured a homestead, on which he settled, declaring that he was going to be a man.t And there he has quietly lived ever since.

The fraudulent treaty of November 1, 1837, caused the Government a vast deal of trouble and e.xpense, and very naturally engendered the most embittered feelings and recollections on the part of the Winnebagoes, Is it any wonder that we have Indian wars, when they are so treated ? I think it would be better to do as Great Britain does - not recognize any title in the Indians to the soil, and, when the lands are needed, say to them they must move, and give them a country where they can live, and make comfortable provision for them ; but probably it is too late to do that now. Still, it is wrong to deceive, cheat or mislead them, as they are as sharp to see through such management as civilized men, if not more so, for they have more time to think

In 1839, I took charge of a fleet of lumber, and went on board a raft at the portage, floating down the Wisconsin to its mouth, and thence to St. Louis, I had a board shanty on the raft to sleep in, a canoe, or, as some called it, a " dug-out," so that when we came in sight of a town, I would jump into the canoe and paddle ahead, visit the town, and when the raft was near,

*By the rep'irt eubniittei] to tliH House of Representatives, September 17, 1850, on the removal of the Winnebagoes, it appears that aboat 900 were forced from the Fort Winnebago region, while aI>out 300 remained in swamps, inaccessible to the troops bunting for them, of which there were over two regiments under Gens. W'ortli and Brooke. In 1816, a new treaty wa-* effected, by which it was stipulated that they were to rem»ve about 500 miles north of their allotted country in Iowa, and about 1,300 of them did so in the summer ot 1848, about 400 still lingering in Wisconsin and Iowa. In February, 1850, quite a band of them located between the Bad Axe and Black Kivera, became quite threatening and insolent; but they yielded to better counsels. L. C. D.

fin the Report to Congress, in l.'*.50, on the removal of the Winnebagoes, Col. Francis Lee, commanding at Fort Howard, stated, in March of that year, that " Yellow Thunder lias bought forty acres of laud on Dell Creek, resided there, and is cultivating it.'' L. C. D.

go on board again. In this way, I called at nearly every town on each side of the river. After leaving the Wisconsin, we had all the Wisconsin rafts locked together, and floated down the Mississippi in that way. At some towns, men would comedown and take passage. I would tell them to come on. At one place, there was an old backwoodsman came on board, dressed with his hunting-shirt, bullet-pouch and powder-horn strung over his shoulder, having a long heavy riile, a quiet, modest old man, from Ohio. Soon after, there was a man of a very different class took passage, a swaggering boast of a fellow, from Texas. He had a small steel-barrel rifle, and told many large stories. Finally, he proposed to shoot at a mark with the old man, for the drinks all round, it being a fine calm day. So I put up a mark at one end of the raft, a board with a piece of paper the size of a silver dollar. The old mati did not shoot as close as I expected, and the brag rather beat him, but neither hit the mark. They then proposed that I should shoot. "Well," I said, "I will shoot the old man's rifle," and told him to load it. It was so heavy I could not hold it at arm's length, so I kneeled down and rested it over one knee, and drove the nail. That pleased the old man very much. The braggart left us at Fort Madison, without saying anything about the drinks, and the old man thought that was mean, not that he cared about the drinks ; but he could not get over his delight at ray beating him. I considered it rather luck than expertness.

I enjoyed my trip vastly. I understood that one set of rafts, and one only, had been run down the river to St. Louis before mine, and many stories had been told of the dangers. I had a crew of Canadian Frenchmen, some of whom had had experience in Canadian waters. I got what information I could from the steamboat men about the river, and feared nothing; but at Dubuque some Frenchmen came on board and told my men we would have to hire a pilot, that we could not get over the rapids without, and they felt alarmed. I told them we would wait until we got to the rapids, and, if necessary, we would hire a pilot. I had learned enough of the river to know when we got to the rapids, from the descriptions given. So when we got into them and well down, " Here," says I, "boys, these are the great rapids you have been so much afraid of," at which they set up a tremendous shout and laugh. I heard no more of their fears, for it was the best running we had on the river.

In 1840, a commission was sent to me by the United States Marshal, to take the census of the country, and, as there was no time to be lost, I started up the Wisconsin to Messrs. Campbell & Conant's mill, opposite where Stevens Point is now ; there I hired two Chippewas to paddle me up to Big Bull Falls, now Wausau. Leaving my horse at Little Bull Falls. I walked up along the west channel, while the Indians carried over the canoe. At Big Bull Falls, I found a mill built by Mr. George Stevens, who had not quite completed it. After getting the number of his employes, who constituted all the inhabitants, I started back in the canoe, and, on arriving at Campbell & Conant's, I engaged Francis Shaurette and his brother to take me to the port^ age in a bark canoe, sending a boy with my horse.

I had quite an exciting time of it going over Grand Rapids, but, having implicit confidence in the men, I had no fears. The way they would handle the canoe was admirable ; the one in the bow had as much to do in steering as the one in the stern, which was done by holding his paddle in the water and turning it when he wanted to change the course of the canoe, which sometimes had to be done almost as quick as lightning ; for now it would seem as though we must strike the bold rocks, and the bow seemed within a foot of them, but, as quick as thought, the canoe would sheer off" and clear them ; and such were the swells in the rapids, that the spray would dash all over us. I sat in the middle of the canoe, and enjoyed the ride very much. Further down the river, the rock views were grand and beautiful. At one point, we saw in front of us the rocks rising in one solid perpendicular front, a hundred or more feet, with the top scalloped, and pinnacles looking like some ancient fortifications, or the battlements of some old feudal castle. I wondered where the river was going to get by it, as it was directly facing us ; but the stream here took a turn, and we left the towering rock to the right of us. Then we passed through the dells, a narrow gorge through the rocks for nine miles, ending where Kilbourn City now is, the rocks rising in some places hundreds of feet perpendicularly, and deep water lashing the rocks on both sides, the abrasions of centuries having worked out the rocks into cornices, pilasters, etc., very much resembling the work of art.

At another time, when I was coming down from the Upper Wisconsin alone on horseback, I was belated until it was so dark I could not see the trail, but had to let my faithful horse take his way, and he brought mc safely into Yellow Thunder's village. Yellow Thunder was the war chief of the Winnebagoes, and had his summer village about sixteen miles from the portage. I dismounted and went into a large lodge, twenty or twenty-five feet long, built of poles and covered with bark. Here I found Uandy and others, on a visit. Little Duck said to me " Go to my lodge; " so I followed him and soon reached it, a little distance off. I tied my horse near the entrance of his lodge, and he gave me .some corn with which to feed him, and some boiled corn for my supper, of which I had no need, as I had some provisions along. After this, he spread a clean mat on a sort of bunk made of poles, raised two feet from the gi-ound, reaching along the side of the lodge, for me to sleep on. On this I spread one of my blankets, and with the other one over me lay down and had almost got to sleep when, from the noise in the camp, I discovered there were drunken Indians about. I felt something touch me, and looking up saw it was the old man, who told me to take my horse into the bushes and tie him, giving me a long cord. I jumped up and led the horse off some distance into the bushes and tied him, knowing the old Indian was afraid the drunken ones would meddle with him if they saw him. Then I returned and lay down again ; but gradually a drunken Indian approached the wigwam, as we could hear him, singing, crying and shouting all the time, as they generally do when they are drunk. Finally he came rushing into the lodge, and flung himself down by a few brands of fire in the center of the lodge, singing and grieving about something, I suppose because he could get no more whisky. In a short time the old man got up, called upon another Indian, and helped up the drunken fellow and marched him off, and, hearing no more of him, I slept finely.

The ne.xt morning, I went out and found my horse had broken loose, and while I was looking for him. Dandy came up and wanted to know what was the matter. After telling him, he wanted to know how much cord was attached to him. Telling him as near as I could, he commenced looking for his track and soon got on it. Following a short distance, he called to me and pointed out the horse, quietly standing by a large tree. I walked up to him and led him back to the lodge, and, after saddling him, mounted and bade good-bye to the hospitable Indians.

Judge David Irvin was to hold court at the portage in, I think, 1841 or 1842. He sent me an appointment as Clerk of the Court, and as there was no time to lose, requested me to go to Columbus and have a jury list made out and put into the hands of the Sheriff. I did so, and the Judge held the first court in this county [then Portage] at the Franklin House, kept by Capt. Low - after which I resigned.

In 1848, I was elected State Senator in the Second District, which embraced all that part of the State north of Dane County to Lake Superior, and including Sauk, Marquette, Green Lake and Portage Counties, since divided into eight or ten districts. I was elected as the Whig candidate, over the Hon. James T. Lewis, the Democratic nominee. In the Senate, there were but three Whigs. I served during tliis, the first session under the Constitution, which met at Madison on the 5th dav of June, 1848, and during the next session, which met on the 10th day of January, 1849. During these two sessions, there was an immense deal of work done, in organizing the State, revising the statutes, etc., etc.

My first visit to La Crosse was in 1853, when I arrived in company with Benjamin L. Webb, of Detroit. La Crosse was then but a small village. The - United States Land Office had been removed there from Mineral Point. We met Judge Lord, Col. Rodolph, Hon. S. D. Hastings, Lieut. Gov. Timothy Burns, Ebenezer Childs (with whom I had long been acquainted) and many others. We stopped at the Tallmadge House over Sunday ; in the afternoon, I took a ramble nearly to the bluffs. La Crosse now, I believe, contains about twelve thousand inhabitants ; then there could not, I should think, have been as many hundreds.

We then took steamer for St. Paul, and a carriage thence a hundred miles above, crossing the Mississippi thirty miles west of Long Prairie, where the Winnebagoes were located, cultivating the lands assigned them by the Government ; but they were uneasy, as I learned, for they were afraid of the Chippewa and Sioux Indians, which, I suppose, was the reason of their subsequent removal to a less exposed region. We returned, by way of Galena, to Fort Winnebago.

In the fall of 1836, Samuel B. Pilkington and the writer, the former a native of Ireland, while at Helena, on the Wisconsin River, heard of a very extensive forest of pine timber, and a spendid water-power on the Lemonweir River, about twelve miles from the mouth. As the Winnebago Indians had just sold their lands on the south side of that river to the Government, we conceived the idea of making an exploration in that direction, to ascertain the truth of those reports, intending, if matters were found as represented, to engage in the lumber business; but not then being just ready to make the trip, we concluded to wait until the next year.

Accordingly, in the month of December, in the following year, 1837, we packed our Indian pony and started from Racine, to explore the valley in question. Our outfit consisted of a Mackinaw blanket and butcher-knife, an ax, a box of matches, and provisions for a week, besides the necessaiy camp fixtures, including a small fly tent. Firearms and ammunition we considered of no particular use, and carried none.

We found but few settlers after crossing Fox River, thirty miles west of Racine, two or three at Spring Prairie, Luke Taylor and one or two others on Turtle Creek, near the present location of Delavan, a Mr. Johnson on the east e<lge of Rock Prairie, and Mr. Henry F. Janes living in a log house on the east bank of Rock River, near the present site of the city of Janesville. From Rock River to the four lakes, now Madison, no signs of the white man, but only a blazed line of trees, indicating the road to the future capital of the State.

There being six or eight inches of snow on the ground, we did not reach Madison until about 9 o'clock on the second morning after leaving Rock River. Here we found a Mr. Peck and family. Col. A. A. Bird, and several other men, putting up the frame of a house for a hotel, and also some materials on the ground for the capitol building then in course of erection. From Col. Bird we obtained the proper directions, by landmarks, to reach Mr. Rowan's tradingpost, on the military road, twelve miles from Fort Winnebago, and near the present village of Poynette. On the route from Madison, and ten or twelve miles out, we passed the body of a log house, afterward completed and occupied by a Mr. Lawrence, but no other marks of improvement were noticed. We reached Rowan's late in the evening, tired, and glad to find a comfortable place for the night for ourselves and the pony.

Following the military road, we reached Fort Winnebago about noon the next day, and found a stopping-place at the Indian agency house, owned by the Government, but then kept as a tavern by an Italian named Ubeldine, who had an Irish woman for a wife, and during our stay there of a week or more, we found the wife " the better man ; " at least Ubeldine was willing to acknowledge such to be the fact whenever any little family difficulty occurred, which was not unfrequent.

Visited the fort next day, met Capt. Low, then in command, and also Mr. Henry Merrell, since of La Crosse, who kept a sutler's store near the fort. Procured a supply of provisions to last for six or eight days, and leaving the pony with Mr. Ubeldine, we proceeded. Passed the trading-post of Silas Walsworth, situated at the high point of land near the present railroad bridge over the canal ; followed the Point Basse trail about fifteen miles, to a cluster of bark wigwams, then deserted, situated on the land afterward owned and occupied for several years by Jared Walsworth. Camped here over night. Snow about a foot deep, and weather extremely cold. Tried the experiment of camping in a wigwam, but found it a bad one on account of not being able to keep up a sufficient fire.

The next morning, continued on the trail three or four miles, and then struck west across the head of Dell Prairie, and reached the Wisconsin River at the foot of the Big Dell the evening of the second day after leaving the fort ; but finding the ice running in the river, and the crossing impracticable, we continued along the east bank of the stream until we found wood convenient and a good shelter from the wind, and camped for the night. In the morning, we started on our return to the fort, and reached there next day.

We remained with Mr. Ubeldine about a week, and until the river closed sufficiently to cross on the ice, and again started on our explorations. Reaching the wigwams before mentioned, we struck across the south end of Dell Prairie, arriving at the Wisconsin River opposite McEwen Rock.

During our week's stay at the fort, there was quite a heavy fall of snow, and, after leaving the Point Basse trail, we found the traveling both slow and difficult. Before leaving on this second trip, Mother Ubeldine handed us a bottle of medicine, with the remark: If you get frost-bited, try this ; it came from Auld Ireland." Feeling grateful for the kindly feelings which we knew accompanied the gift, we received it with thankfulness.

The first night after leaving the fort, we camped about a mile from the east side of Dell Prairie. In the morning, we again started, but now without a trail, snow two feet deep, and weather extremely cold. Proceeding a few rods, we noticed a singular mound of snow, a short distance out of our direct course. Examined it, and found a one-horse sleigh, left a few days before by Robert Bloomer, on his way to the Grand Rapids. In the sleigh, we found a couple of smoked hams, some bread, crackers and chee.se. Made a note of it as a good place to obtain a supply of provisions on our return, if needed.

Arriving at the edge of the prairie, and facing a cold west wind, we soon felt unmistakable evidence of the frosty atmosphere, so much so that we concluded to halt and try the remedy in the bottle ; but here we found a difficulty - how to apply it. After mature consultation and reflection, we concluded to try an inward application, and I must say the result was equal to our highest expectations. And here I will digress so far from the narrative as to say that, although we found repeated occasion to try the " medicine," and always with the most satisfactory results, yet I would not recommend it as a remedy for constant use ; but only on occasions when you are making your way on foot through snow two feet deep, with a week's provisions in your pack.

The second day we made across the prairie, and camped only two or three miles from the camping-place the night before. The third day, we crossed the Wisconsin, and camped that night on the higher part of the land at the foot of the Big Dell. Made three or four miles in distance this day. Weather continued extremely cold. Made our first and only experiment with dry pine-wood to keep up our fire for the night. Midnight, wood all gone; almost perished before morning.

Fourth morning, up very early. Made the Lemonweir about noon, but were in considerable doubt, owing to the crooked nature of the channel and the numerous sloughs, whether we had found the river we were looking for or not. Finally, to settle the matter beyond doubt, we concluded to follow the stream down to the mouth, and finding the country to answer the description given us before, we retraced our steps on the ice, and camped that night at Proonsal's Trading Post, about two or three miles above the mouth of the river, which we found unoccupied.

The fifth and sixth days, we followed up the river, on the ice, broke through two or three times, went ashore, built fires and dried our clothes, and then continued on. On the morning of the seventh day, we ate our breakfast, consisting of two crackers each, on the present site of the village of New Lisbon ; and then - December 29, 1837 - started on our return down the river, for Fort Winnebago. Following the other tr;iils, or slides, cutting the bends of the river, we found the distance greatly shortened ; tightened our belts two or three times a day, dreamed at night of the good times coming ; examined our depot of supplies, in the sleigh, but found that some " good Indians " had been there before us.

Continuing on our journey, we arrived at the fort on the afternoon of December 31, the third day after turning back, weaker but not much wiser men - only learning that our extensive pine forest was a myth, and that our anticipated lumber speculation was a failure.

Having business at Fort Winnebago, and there being no travel in that direction, I was compelled to make the journey [from Madison, in the latter part of April, 1838] alone, so I negotiated with Mr. Ubeldine for a roan-colored, bob-tailed Canadian pony, with cropped mane, large ears and white belly. Mr. Ubeldine kept the only livery stable, and this was the only horse to be hired in Madison. On this imposing steed I seated myself next day and started for the fort, forty miles distant by the trail. There was no wagon road from Madison in that direction, and the only two houses between there and the fort were those of William Lawrence, near Token Creek, and Wallace Rowan's hotel, on the military road, some thirty miles distant from Madison. At this hotel I put up for the night, and, being not much used to that particular mode of locomotion, was very tired. Rowan's wife served me bountifully with hoe-cake and bacon. I then went to sleep and slept soundly until toward morning, when I was aroused by several cocks crowing simultaneously, in close proximity to my bed. I did not discover until daylight that the foot-rail of my bedstead was the roost of Mr. Rowan's chickens.

I remained the next night at Fort Winnebago, and picketed my pony on a grass-plat near the hotel, giving him about thirty feet of rope. The hotel was the only house where travelers could be entertained, outside the garrison. Mr. Henry Merrell and his family lived in it. I found the accommodations excellent. An amusing incident occurred thei'e that night, which I cannot help mentioning. In the room in which I slept were four beds, one in each corner, and all curtained. I occupied one of these beds, and it appears that the other three were occupied by gentlemen and their wives. In the night, we were all aroused by a cry of " Robbers ! thieves ! Indians !" etc. All started up at the alarm, the ladies shrieking with fright. The room was dark, and, in the confusion, we ran against each other very amusingly. When a light was struck, the scene was extremely ludicrous - ladies in their night-clothes, looking like affrighted ghosts, some of them clinging to the wrong man ; men without any night-clothes, and very little of any other kind, making frantic exertions to find out the cause of the disturbance. The supposition was that some soldiers had been on a carousal, and had mistaken the hotel for the garrison ; but, under the charge of Capt. Low, such a breach of the regulations would never have been allowed, and the cause of the alarm was. not satisfactorily explained.

I found my pony safe in the morning. The " gallinippers " had worried him badly, and kept him in motion most of the night. The blood was still oozing through his perforated skin. Then, and not until then, did I realize the true force of the expression, " thicker than mosquitoes." The atmosphere was literally filled with them. In those days, persons in the habit of traveling much were obliged to protect their faces and heads with gauze or mosquito-bar veils, so very great was the annoyance of these insects.

It often happens that the Government troops in these Western outposts become badly demoralized and mutinous. When watched so closely that they cannot safely carry bottles or jugs of liquor into quarters, they resort to every imaginable means of smuggling it in. They have been known to saturate their blankets, overcoats and other garments with whisky obtained of the sutler ; then pass the guards unsuspected, and, after reaching quarters, wring out the whisky and drink it.

Shortly previous to my visit to the fort, a mutiny was threatened there. Capt. Low was in command. The sentinels at the gate refused to obey orders, which was reported to the

Captain. He made his appearance in due time, and demanded an explanation. As the sentinel he suspected for disloyalty was performing some e.xtra evolutions, which the Captain did not care to exactly undei'stand, he suddenly raised his right foot and dexterously brought it with full force against tlie head of the sentinel, and brought him sprawling at his feet. This improvised tactic, not in the manual, was so demonstrative that the mutineers quailed before him, and at once subsided into submission, and no further attempt at mutiny was made during his command at the fort.

Returning to Madison, I spent the next night at Mr. Rowan's, slept in the same bed, and, as before, was awakened at cock-crowing. At the dawn of day, I discovered what I thought was a small flock of sheep, scattered around on the floor, but, on closer observation, I found they were Indians. They had come in during the night from some trading-post, where they had obtained new white blankets, and had taken possession of the floor, without ever disturbing my slumber.

From Madison back to Monroe, there was no mode of conveyance, and I made this journey on foot in one day. It was then fully forty miles by the meanderings of the road. There were no bridges, and I was obliged to wade Sugar River and its tributaries, as well as several large marshes, in some of which the track lay knee-deep under water, and I sufiered severely with the rheumatism in consequence thereof.

Andrew Dunn, A. Barker, Jonathan Cole, J. Garrison and I made claims in December, 1837, west of the Wisconsin River. My claim and Dunn's were located on Section 8, Township 12 north, of Range 9 east, in what is now the city of Portage, and extending back into Section 17. The other three - Cole, Barker and Garrison - made their claims adjoining ours on Sections 17 and 18. There were several other claims made at the same time by people who lived at Portage prior to our coming there. One Ubeldine, who kept hotel in the Indian agent's house, also made a claim joining us. He was an Italian and had a wife, the only white woman around Portage, outside the fort. Perrin and Buckley also made claims further down the river. I built a house on my claim in December, 1837 ; the others improved their claims by fencing. Dunn, Barker, Cole and Garrison made my house their headquarters until spring, when they intended to build houses on their claims.

The only white settlers at this time, besides those who made claims, were Jared Walsworth and his father, Silas Walsworth, afterward known as Judge Walsworth. There was a trader's shanty on the river, below Bronson avenue, and four houses on the Menomonee land. Two stood immediately south of where Wood's store and the bank block now stand, near the canal. Two stood near where Mac street strikes the Wisconsin River. There was no person living in them in 1836-37. Before building our own house across the river, we camped in one of the houses immediately back of the bank building in 1838. There was a house built at the point where the St. Paul & Milwaukee Railroad crosses the canal. It was built for a boarding-house for tlie hands employed in building the canal across the portage. It had a large bell on top for calling the canal men from labor to meals. In the spring of 1838, Capt. Gideon Low, having resigned his office* and been relieved from command at Fort Winnebago, built a hotel on the flats, near what is now Bronson avenue, and commenced keeping hotel. He also, in the spring of that year, made a claim in the town of Caledonia, where Mr. McKinzie now lives, called at that time the Indian farm. Leon Braun, a Frenchman, with his half-breed wife, made a claim in

In 1838, there was at the east end of the portage, on the Fox River, some houses ; among these were the American Fur Company's trading-house and Daniel Whitney's storehouse. In

1838, Henry Merrell, after he quit being sutler at the fort, and being appointed Postmaster, commenced trading on his own account. He first opened his goods in one part of the sutler's

Store, on the south side of the military roftd, about one hundred yards from the bridge across the Fox River. He boarded with the officers at the fort. In 1838, he built a store on the portage side of Fox River, and moved his goods and post office into the building. In 1838-39, he built a dwelling near his store and moved out of the fort. He then became a resident of what is now the city of Portage. In 1838-39, Mrs. Capt. Low and her two daughters, with Mrs. Henry Carpenter, and the one already mentioned, made, in all, five white women residing in Portage. There were considerable many French and half-breeds whom I do not recollect. John D. La Ronde was there in 1837.

In 1838, there were no other white settlers in Columbia County, to my recollection, except Wallace Rowan and his wife. She was a white woman, but highly tinged with yellow, so much so that, at one time, I stopped at the hotel kept by her and her husband, at the place where Poynette is, when Gov. Horner was also a guest. He was a very social man, and, in conversation with Mrs. Rowan, the landlady, he asked her to what nation or tribe she belonged. She answered, " Goll darn it, I don't belong to any tribe ! I came from Indianer."

Maj. Dickason and wife were afterward on the Crawfish River, where Columbus now is, with his family. Clark Young came in 1838, also Alexander McDonald. There were two other white traders at Portage - one by the name of Wood, a Scotchman, and one by the name of Taffey Jones, a Welshman. There was also a man known as " Bill Tibbets," who was clerk for Henry Merrell.

The reason for my making a claim at Portage was, the Fox River had just been meandered by Maj. Stevens, of Galena, 111., and a report made by him to Congress for the improvement of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, and to unite the same by canal. Among other things, the report set forth that the land was flat and low between the Fox and Wisconsin, where the canal began and terminated ; that there was no place for a town to be built, except on the hill where the fort stood, or on the west side of the Wisconsin River. Seeing this in the Oongressional Grlobe, of which I was a subscriber, my mind was made up to get that point at all hazards.

In 1837, when I made my claim and built my house, and we were living in it, it was all chinked with dry grass that we cut with our knives. We could not get mud, as it was all sand around us ; we also cut hay for our beds.

We were living quite comfortable, when, one night, while all were in bed and asleep, the Indians set fire to the tall grass on the windward side of our house, and, it being chinked with hay, it caught fire. We were soon awakened with smoke and flame. We had to run for our lives and get under the bank of the Wisconsin River, for protection against our own fireirms. There were four loaded rifies and two brace of double-barreled rifle-pistols, also loaded, in the house, and we were afraid of them, not knowing in what direction they might shoot. Well, by this fire, we were cast out of house and home, half naked, our provisions and clothing being all destroyed.

This was the 28th of December, 1837. The Wisconsin River closed that evening, the anchor ice gorging on the island below and filling up the channel ; so we had but this choice left : to cross on the ice five hours after it froze over, or freeze to death. There was some lumber on the river, above the Pauquette place, now the Barden place. We went to the pile, and, without any noise, took from it each two boards*, sixteen feet long and one inch thick, and placed them on the ice. Then, in a low whisper, we consulted how to proceed. Andrew Dunn, who was my brother-in-law and my partner, volunteered to go first and try to get across, and, if successful, to give one whistle, which was the signal for the rest to proceed ; two whistles were to be the sign for great caution. Dunn and I both started, however, and I must say that it was the only time in my life that I thought of dying. Home, sweet home, with its many endearments, went through my mind like lightning. We started on the two boards, on our knees, pushing one board forward, then leaning on that board, we would push the other ahead, and so on till we got across. As soon as we got across, we gave the two

After we got across, we went as fast as we could, with nothing on our feet but stockings. The ground was frozen hard, and no snow on it. We. could hardly keep from freezing. We got, at last, to Walsworth's trading-house, nearly chilled to death. We got warm punch, drank of it, felt good, got something to eat and went to bed on the floor, with plenty of Indian blankets under and over us. We left for our home at Mineral Point, to get a newoutfit.

We came back in a month with a team and sleigh, laden with stuff, and went to making rails and fencing. We lived in one of the unoccupied houses belonging to the American Fur Company. Some of the time, we boarded at the Indian-agency house, kept by Ubeldine. We paid $3 a day for board, the currency we had being only worth 50 cents on the dollar.

My partner, Andrew Dunn, went into trade, keeping a general supply for lumbermen, up the river, and, at the same time, looked after our claim. I went back to the lead mines, to wind up our business there, and, in 1840, returned, with my wife and family, to Portage, and my partner and I bought out the Veeder Mills, on Mill Creek, I taking charge of the lumbering department, while Dunn staid at Portage, keeping a supply and trading store.

At this time, the opening of the pinery gave a new start to everything, as Portage was the general place of supply. Clark Whitney at this time settled at Portage, and occupied the old Whitney storehouse. He soon after got married. Richard F. Veeder was the next settler, and occupied a house of accommodation for travelers. Then Andrew Dunn and Henry Carpenter built a hotel where the United States Hotel now stands. Next came Charles Temple, a lawyer, who married one of Capt. Low's daughters. Then came Jacob Low, son of Capt. Gideon Low. With him arrived John Schoemburgh, a son-in-law of the last-named. The next arrival was John Smith.

In 1848, I was a merchant in Little Falls, N. Y.; got the Western land fever, and, with a pocketful of land-warrants, attended the Free-Soil Convention held in Buffalo in August of that year, and left for a journey around the lakes to Milwaukee, which city was enjoying the first visit of a negro minstrel troupe ; left at once for Fond du Lac, where, procuring a horse and plats of Columbia County from John Bannister, I started for Fort Winnebago. There were three equestrians in the party. Judge Warren, of Kingston, was the leader. We took the old military track ; found but few settlers between Fond du Lac and Kingston, the community at Cresco being north of us. The Judge, who had avowed his intention of dining at the first cabin whose mistress had a clean apron, halted about north of what is now Dartford. The settler had a field of ripe oats, and gave bundles to our horses. The " checked apron, clean," cooked us pork, potatoes and biscuits. At that day, no one expected more at a hotel, unless sauce from black, over-ripe, unpeeled Jersey peaches, which was added to encourage dyspepsia.

At Green Lake, or Little Green, as it was called, we found Sat. Clark, a stanch Cass Democrat, trying to discourage his ill-advised neighbors, who had met to form a " Free-Soil Club," the news of the Buffalo Convention having reached them. This demonstration and a speech afterward at Fond du Lac by John Codding, the Free-Soiler and Abolitionist, was all I heard of " free-soil " in Wisconsin in 1848.

At Kingston, we found a hotel without paint, and a mill in progress of construction, perhaps a dozen houses and a store. At Fort Winnebago, I found Capt. Weir and the garrison building shining ; Henry Merrill, with a small stock denoting Indian trade, and a departed garrison ; Capt. Low in the old Franklin House near by : Henry Carpenter in a long, one-story to write. We are marcbing and fighting all the time. I got out all safe, but I had many narrow escapes. All of our musicians had to go with the ambulances right up into the fight. I tell you, the bombshells and bullets whistled for miles around. Several shells hit close to me. Every time I could hear them coming I would drop fiat on the grass. It was awful Our regiment stood up and fought like tigers. Some New York troops threw down their arms and ran like sheep. Poor Archa was shot through the windpipe and lived only a few minutes. Ii is hard, father, but it cannot be helped. Archa took care of me when I was sick. There have been a great many men killed in these battles. I will write to you again in a few days and give you more particulars.

Company D, Fourth Regiment. - This Company was recruited at Kilbourn City, and went into camp at Racine, June 6, 1861, with the following commissioned officers : Joseph Bailey, Captain ; Walter S. Payn, First Lieutenant ; Edwin R. Herren, Second Lieutenant. On the loth of July they left for Baltimore ; remained in Maryland acquiring discipline and drill until November 4, when they embarked on an expedition to the eastern shore of Virginia. The regiment returned to Baltimore and remained until February 19, 1862, when they embarked on transports to join the Army of the Gulf, arriving at Ship Island, Miss., on the 12th of March. The hardships of the voyage engendered much disease, and many of the soldiers found a grave in the sandy bosom of this ocean solitude. Were present at the bombardment and capture, by Porter and Farragut, of the forts in the Southwest Pass, and formed a part of the array of occupation. In May, they embarked in captured transports for an expedition which extended to Vicksburg, near which place they engaged some rebel cavalry. Upon the return, they occupied Baton Rouge, and in June again moved upon Vicksburg, taking part in the thirty-day siege which followed. On the 5th of August, they found themselves once more in Baton Rouge, defending the place against an attack by rebels under Breckinridge. The evacuation of Baton Rouge, becoming necessary, the Fourth Regiment reached Carrollton, near New Orleans, the latter part of the same month, remaining there until December, when they moved against Baton Rouge under Gen. Banks, and the New Year found them encamped in the suburbs of that city. Some verv successful reconnaissances were made and one battle fought - Bayou Teche - during the succeeding four months. On the 22d of April, the Fourth was mounted and sent in pursuit of a battalion of Texas cavalry. May 7, the army occupied Alexandria, the Fourth being constantly engaged in expeditions, during one of which they captured " Dick " Taylor's rear guard. On the 26th they reached Port Hudson, where, two days later, they led the advance in driving the enemy within his works, gaining a commanding position within 100 yards of his fortifications, which they held for six days before being relieved. In that fearful carnage the regiment lost 5 officers and 55 men killed and wounded. Returning to the siege, they led a charge against the works on the 14th of June, from which, out of 220 men, but 80 returned, having lost 12 killed, 75 wounded, and 53 missing, the latter having been taken prisoners inside the fort.

On the 25th of July the regiment returned to Baton Rouge, and in September, 1863, were completely equipped as cavalry. Thus mounted, they continued to do excellent service in repelling guerrilla raids and preventing rebel communication. The details of their daring exploits would make a good-sized volume. On the 2d of August, 1864, they were at San Antonio, Tex., and were the first Union troops to penetrate the territory west of that place, engaging in frequent expeditions against the Indians. In May, 1866, they encountered a pal'ty of Mexican marauders, near Brownsville, and killed 6 of them. The Fourth Regiment was mustered out of service on the 28th of May, 1866, and reached Madison on the 16th of June.

The following members of Company D were killed in action : Privates Michael Brown, Peter Beaumont, Frank Dawes, Horace Dike, F. C. Ferris, John Kerr, W. P. Stillick and C. W. Shafier. Died of wounds : First Lieut. I. N. Earl, Sergt. G. M. Martin, Privates J. W. Baldwin, S. C. Grinnols and E. 0. White. Died of disease: Second Lieut W. J. Duffield, Sergts. R. S. Chase and A. P. Niles, Corporals Milo Wood and W. McKinstry, Privates D. Brewster, J. W. Earl, D. W. Early, 0. S. Foster, H. Garthwait, J. M. Jones, M. M. McCune, M. McCarthy, T. Meredith, M. Newell, C. S. Pickard, C. A. Rue, A. Stivers, G. W. Underwood, L. Weiss and S. W. S. West. Died of accidents : J. J. Geer, R. Lyons, W. Manes, J. H. Needham and G. Turner.

Capt. Bailey, in May, 1864, had reached the rank of Brigadier General, by promotion. The company, during its existence, had the following Captains, in the order as they appear : Joseph Bailey, E. R. Herron, G. C. Pierce and A. C. Ketchum. First Lieutenants : VV. S. Payn, E. R. Herron, G. C. Pierce, I. N. Earl, A. C. Ketchum, A. Boynton and D. C. Freeland. Second Lieutenants: E. R. Herron, G. C. Pierce, I. N. Earl, W. J. Duffield, A. C. Ketchum, A. Boynton, D. C. Freeland and M. Skinner.

The Seventh Regiment. - Companies A and B, of the Seventh, were from Columbia County ; the former from Lodi, and the latter from Portage, known as the Columbia County Cadets. Co. A was commanded by Capt. George Bill ; with Hollon Richardson as First, and Richard Lindsay as Second, Lieutenant ; Co. B, by Capt. James H. Huntington, with John Walton as First, and S. L. Bachelder as Second, Lieutenant. The Seventh regiment rendezvoused at Camp Randall in August, 1861, and mustered into service in September, leaving for Washington on the 21st of that month. They joined Gen. King's command in October, and thereafter, till mustered out, formed one important part of the " Iron Brigade," the history of which has been briefly related. The principal losses to A and B occurred at the two Bull Runs, South Mountain, the Wilderness, Gettysburg and Fredericksburg. The casualties sustained were as follows:

Company A. - Killed in action : First Lieut. James Holmes, Sergts. M. Shehan and L. Porter Holmes, Corps. M. Chase, I. H. Meed, A. T. McCalvey and R. Phillips, Privates J. M. Bartholemew, M. Burke, J. Brown, J. Clelland, William Collins, A. F. Douglass, 0. B. Hobart, C. Hort, S. Johnson, W. Kurst, J. Kalb, A. Le Barr, C. E. Mills, J. Moor, S. Riopel, P. Raflferty, J. D. Sawyer, D. E. Steei"S, J. W. Sanderson and J. Zinger. Died of wounds : Sergt. Lewis Bascom, Corps. W. Hinton and H. M. Buck, Privates J. N. Charles, P. Clune, J. Carrow, G. W. Evans, J. Faith, W. F. Lasky, T. McCalvey, H. Pierce, T. H. Stilson, J. Simmers, and A. Van Walker. Died of disease : Corp. E. P. Sayre, Privates J. Agan, J. Bascom, F. H. Beauregard, H. Ball, W. P. Carter, B. Carter, 0. N. Cole, P. Frazer, F. A. Fowler, A. Hall, E. M. Hicks, P. Lock, S. J. Osborne and A. Stone.

Company B. - Killed : Capt. George H. Brayton, Sergts. J. H. Miller and T. Heln, Corps. C. E. Plummer, 0. H. Hulbert, VV. Richardson and P. A. Batteau, Privates E. Bronson, S. Frost, B. F. Graham, C. Kippen, J. Lewis, W. Myers, J. H. Maxfield, L. Provost and E. Wheeler. Died of wounds : Sergt. M. C. Monroe, Corp. E. R. Hancock, Privates R. Cole, G. H. H. Hawes and S. Hatfield. Died of disease: Sergts. W. D. Acres and M. P. Bronson, Corp. J. A. Petts, Privates J. Brown, 0. B. Cromwell, P. Carney, P. Caseney, A. Casson, D. Dustin, A. Frost, J. T. Hillicker, A. Miller, H. Newell and C. Wenel.

Capt. Bill and Lieut. Richardson, of Company A. and Lieut. Hobart, of Company B, were promoted to the rank of Major. Company A's Captains were : George Bill, H. Richardson, James Johnson and Oley Grasley. Company B's : J. H. Huntington, G. H. Boynton, M. C. Hobart and C. E. Weeks.

Qampany D, Tenth Regiment. - This company was formed in August, 1861, and was known as the Fremont Rifles. James L. Coffin was the Captain, Thomas L. Kennan, First Lieutenant,- and George W. Marsh, Second Lieutenant. Joshua J. Guppey went out as Lieutenant Colonel of the Tenth, and was promoted to the colonelcy of the Twenty-third Regiment, July 2.5, 1862. The Tenth was mustered into service October 14, 1861, at Camp Hutton, Milwaukee, leaving that place under orders of November 9, for Kentucky, where it took its place in Colonel Sills brigade, which was assigned to position on the right of the Third Division, under Gen. Mitchell. In February, 1862, they marched toward Bowling Green, which was evacuated by the rebels on their approach. March 19 found the regiment at Murfreesboro, acting as provost guard. The 5th of September brought them to Nashville, Tenn., after having captured Huntsville, Stevenson, Decatur and Tuscumbia. On the 8th of October, they met the enemy under Gen. Bragg, and took part in the battle of Chaplin Hills, where, out of 276 men they lost 36 killed, 110 wounded, and 1 missing. The next important engagement was at Chickamauga, where the Tenth was twice assigned the first line of battle. By an awkward movement on the second day of the battle, they ran directly into the lines of the enemy, who captured a large number of officers and men. During the two-days conflict the regiment, lost 18 killed, 56 wounded, and 132 prisoners, leaving 3 officers and 26 men. In February, 186-4, this small handful of men led the advance against Tunnel Hill and Buzzard Roost, going into camp nine miles from Chattanooga, where they remained until May, about which time they took position in the army, under Gen. Sherman, then advancing toward Atlanta. With the P'ourteenth Corps, they participated in the operations at Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, and Peach Tree Creek. Tlie recruits who had joined the regiment since its organization having been transferred to the Twenty-first Wisconsin, the Tenth Regiment, having completed its term of service, left for home, arriving in Milwaukee October 25, 1864.

The fatalities in Company D were : Killed in action - -Sergt. C. Forsyth, Corp. James Di.Kon; Privates Irwin Clark, M. Conlon, A. Farnham, E. Hunt, H. C. Luther, H. Morey, A. H. Parmenter. J. Rosebaugh and G. W. Rouse. Died of wounds - Privates A. H. Bull, and A. Jones. Died of disease - Corps. A. Crouch and E. Sweet ; Privates F. Beach, J. D. Bannister, C. Ellis, G. Hand, G. W. Moore, C. C. Merrill, P. Morties, M. M. Parmenter, 0. M. Smoke and A. VViltse.

The commissioned officers of the company from time to time were: Captains - James L. Coffin, Orestes B. Twogood and William A. Collins; First Lieutenants - Thomas L. Kennan, Ciiarles H. Ford and August E. Patchin ; Second - George W. Marsh, A. E. Patehin and Elisha P. Stowell.

Company H, Eleventh Regiment. - Organized in September, 1861, and accepted at Camp Randall, for service, October 18, with Alexander Christie as Captain; Eli H. Mix was First, and Isaac J. Wright was Second, Lieutenant. The Eleventh Regiment was attached to the Second Brigade, under Col. Ilovey, in Gen. Steele's command, and under orders to proceed South, passed through Missouri into Arkansas. The first engagement of any note was at Bayou Cache, on the 7th of July, when Companies D, G, H and I held in check a vastly superior force of rebels until re-enforcements arrived. The Eleventii's losses were four killed and twenty wounded. They arrived at Helena on the 13th. In October, they returned to Pilot Knob, Mo., and remained in that State during the winter. On the 15th of March. 1868, they embarked at St. Genevieve for iNIemphis. From there they proceeded to Milliken's Bend, La., and took position in the Second Brigade, Fourteenth Division of the Thirteenth Army Corps. The 1st of April dawned upon the Eleventh Regiment leading the advance at Anderson Hill, near Port Gibson, Miss., Avhere the rebels were driven back in confusion. May 15, the brigade took part in the battle of Champion Hills, and the next day cut oif the retreat of the enemy at Black River Bridge, the Eleventh Regiment taking upward of 1,001) prisoners, with a regimental stand of colors. On the 19th they were in the trenches before Vicksburg, and participated in the terrible charge of the 22d. They were actively employed in the siege that followed, and were there when the place surrendered. Immediately after that event the Eleventh joined the expedition to Jackson, and took part in the " Second Teche Campaign," going as far as Opelousas. Returning over almost impassable roads, they embarked at Algiers on the 19th of November for Brazos Santiago, Tex. There they received orders to re-enforce Gen. Banks at Aranzas Pass, and af'^erward to proceed to Fort Esperanza, where they arrived too late to assist Gen. Washburn in reducing the enemy at that place. Three-fourths of the regiment having re-eniisted, they were relieved from duty on the 11th of February, and mustered in as veterans on the 13th. The non-veterans were temporarily transferred to Col. Guppey's regiment (the Thirty-third). The re-enlisted portion reached Madison March 21, and were received in splendid style by the State authorities and citizens. They again left the State on the 25th of April, and proceeded to Memphis. They afterward participated in the various expeditions in Northern Mississippi and Alabama, doing good service for which they were highly commended by the commanding officers. The regiment was mustered out in Mobile September 4, 1865, and reached home on the 18th.

Following are the death losses of Company H : Killed in action - Sergts. A. C. Bacon and C. Brunaller, and Private F. M. Hartson. Died of wounds - Sergt. W. H. Jacobus ;

Corps. B. P. Benson, W. N. Tay, J. Hubanks, and Privates R. Bacon, W. Kent, W. H. Powderly and 0. S. Robinson. Died of disease - First Lieut. C. A. Johnson ; Sergts. George Parsons and Rufus C. Phillips ; Corp. D. I. Washburn ; Privates E. Ackerman, S. Almy, H. Almy, E. W. Bidwell, A. Colborn, W. A. Delap, G. W. Faith, John Faith, R. Hornby, J. E. Jones, F. Langdon, A. C. Miller, W. Mather, W. McElroy, W. P. Newman, D. H. Olmstead, H. Porter, G. Richardson, P. Richardson, H. Sheldon, R. G. Sawyer, 0. Washburn and E. C. Wheelock.

The regiment suffered a death loss of 348 - 262 of whom died of disease. Captain Christie resigned January, 1864, and was succeeded by Lieut. James O'Neal.

Company Z>, Nineteenth Regiment. - Recruited in December, 1861, with Samuel K. Vaughan as Captain, William H. Spain as First Lieutenant, and Edward 0. Emmerson as Second Lieutenant. They were mustered into service April -30, 1862, and left for the Potomac on the 2d of June. Going to Norfolk, Va., soon afterward, they remained there until April, 1863, and thereafter did outpost and picket duty in Virginia and North Carolina. They were engaged for the first time at Newbern, N. C, on the 1st of Februai'y, 1864. On the 12th of May, a portion of the regiment, including Company D, participated in the movement upon Fort Darling, and on the 16th, in attempting to dislodge a party of rebel skirmishers, lost twenty-five men killed and wounded. In June, they accompanied the advance of Gen. Grant's army upon Petersburg, and participated in the celebrated assault upon the enemy's works. In August, the re-enlisted men of the regiment, 250 in number, received veteran furloughs, and reached Madison on the 22d of that month, returning in October, and proceeding at once to the trenches before Richmond. On the 21st of October, they took part in the battle of Fair Oaks, leaving on the field seven officers and 136 enlisted men, most of whom were wounded and captured. The regiment returned to Camp Chapin, before Richmond, with eighty men, where they were joined by the non-veteran portion, who had been on duty at Norfolk. On the 3d of April, 1865, they were ordered to assault the enemy's works, and, meeting with but little opposition, marched into the city and planted the regimental colors upon the city hall. Their subsequent movements were unimportant, save that which brought them home. They were mustered out of service on the 9th of August, in the rebel capital, and reached Madison on the 15th.

The fatalities in Company D were : Killed in action. Corps. Sylvester Richmond and Albert Waldref; Privates C. Allen, B. Sherwin and N. Shandt. Died of disease - Corp. B. S. Daniels; Privates W. Alverson, J, Congor, G. Dey, C. Gilson, D Hall, A. Kline, J. Lord, P. Redmond and G. R. Smith.

Twenty-third Begiment, Companies 0, G- and H. - i ully one-third of this regiment went from Columbia County. Company C was organized in Portage, with Edgar P. Hill as Captain ; Oliver H. Sorrenson, First Lieutenant, and John Shoemaker, Second Lieutenant. CompanyG was from Columbus, James F. Hazelton, Captain ; Chester W. Tuttle, First Lieutenant, and William H. Dunham, Second Lieutenant. Company H was from Lodi, with K. Howard Irwin as Captain ; D. Cyrus Holdridge, First Lieutenant, and Robert Steele, Second Lieutenant. J. J. Guppey, promoted from the Tenth, was Colonel of the Twenty-third during its entire service. He was wounded and taken prisoner at Carrion Crow Bayou, La., November 3, 1863, and exchanged in December, 1864. Captain Hill, of Company C, became Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment in August, 1863.

The regimental organization was perfected at Camp Randall, under the superintendence of Col. Guppey, and left for active service September 15, 1862, under orders to proceed to Cincinnati, then menaced by Kirby Smith's forces. Parsing through Cincinnati, they crossed into Kentucky, and were assigned to position in Gen. Green Clay Smith's Division. After marching through various parts of the Blue Grass State, they proceeded to Memphis, Tenn., by water, arriving on the 27th of November. The regiment was there assigned to the First Brigade,

Tenth Division, and at once took position in the army destined for the reduction of Vicksburg. Their first engagement of any note occurred at Fort Hindman, on the Arkansas River, January 11, 1863. While moving forward, the Twenty-third was assailed by an unexpected enfilading fire from the enemy's rifle-pits. Companies B, G and K were thrown out as skirmishers, the remaining companies attacking the rifle-pits. The conflict continued with great fury for three hours, when the rebels, anticipating the charge which had been ordered, raised the white flag and surrendered unconditionally. The regiment received many congratulations for their conduct from the division and brigade commanders. Their loss was 4 killed and 34 wounded. The regiment then returned to Young's Point, near Vicksburg, but the malaria of the Yazoo swamps came near accomplishing what the rebels had failed to do, and of 700 men in line of battle, threefourths were under the surgeon's care. The health of the regiment improving, their next active work was at Cypress Bend, Ark., on the 18th of February, when a body of rebels were driven through the native swamp, some prisoners and munitions of war being taken. March 30 found them on the battle-field at Fort Gibson, Miss., and on the 2d of May, were the first to enter that village. On the 15th, the line of march was resumed, and the 16th witnessed the battle of Champion Hills, in which the Twenty-third participated with such ardor and effect as to receive the congratulations of the commanding General. The next day, they pushed forward to Black River Bridge, capturing the Sixtieth Tennessee, with its colors. The 18th brought them to within three miles of Vicksburg, and on the 22d they took part in the general assault on the enemy's works, pushing forward to the base of one of the forts. At the close of the siege that followed, the Twenty-third numbered but 150 men for duty. August 24, they proceeded south, in transports, to Algiers, opposite New Orleans. After an extended expedition through Mississippi, the brigade was attacked, at Carrion Crow Bayou, on the 3d of November, by a vastly superior force. The Twenty-third stood firm, doing eff"ective work, until flanked on both sides, when the order was given to fall back. This movement was executed without panic, and upon the arrival of re-enforcements, they again advanced in line, forcing the enemy back and gaining possession of the field. The regiment, at the beginning of the action, numbered 220 oflicers and men, of whom 128 were killed, wounded or taken prisoners, the latter including Col. Guppey and Capt. Sorrenson, who were severely wounded. The regiment thereafter engaged in the Texas and Red River expedition. On the 8th of April, 1864, occurred the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, in which the Twenty-third lost 7 killed, 14 wounded aud 43 prisoners. The last general engagement in which they participated was at Mobile, Ala. In the mean time, they had performed some wonderful marches and engaged in numerous skirmishes. They were mustered out of service July 4, 1865, reached Madison on the 16th, and were disbanded ott the 24th.

The losses of the three companies from Columbia County, were : Killed - Sergt. J. A. Lewis and Private Martin Cook, Company C ; Corp. J. G. Jones, Privates N. Dedish and J. Williams, Company G ; Privates John Bates, C. L. Brown and J. D. Stroud, Company H. Died of wounds - Corp. L. Cobb, Company C ; Privates M. L. Johnson and C. E. Quinn, Company G ; Sergt. W. T. Shurtliff, Corp. J. F. Stahl, Privates E. Brownfield and J. W. Shaw, Company H. Died of disease: Company C - Sergts. T. E. Halsey, S. E. Van Zandt and J. Dempsey, Corp. P. Glasgow, Privates R. Anderson, G. W. Becker, J. Crosley, J. L. Edgerton, W. Eastman, J. F. Fitts, C. B. Flower, J. W. Hosford, J. Hewett, Jr., W. E. Jones, N. Morrison, S. D. Northrup, G. G. Parmenter, J. H. Pulver, W. M. Roberts, F. Rosecrans, J. Smith, C. Townley, N. D. Wilson and J. D. Williams. Company G - Sergt. E. E. Eason, Corps. J. Kelley, J. M. Moore, and E. Parry, Privates E. Bentley, F. S. Cowes, A. E. Fuller, W. H. Grindall, L. Kehler, F. F. Keifei, N. H. Nickerson, F. Nelson, L. Plumb, Q. A. Page (drowned), M. Rogers, S. Trask, R. R. Williams, D. C. Warner and W. J. Whiting. Company H - Sergt. C. F. Stacker, Privates T. Bunker, T. J. Dowden, A. F. Duel, 0. Ellingson, F. A. G. Eaton, 0. E. Holcomb, J. Harmley, W. J. Jones, G. W. Kingsley, J. Kenworthy, L. Olesoa (accidentally killed), J. Petit, W. H. H. Rood, W. Ring, E. C. Riddle, G. H. Varrender and L. C. Warriner. The total deaths in the regiment were 287, of whom 249 died of disease-

Companies A and E, Twenty-ninth Regiment. - Company A was composed almost entirely of citizens of Columbia County. Bradford Hancock, who, in April, 1865, became Colonel of the regiment, was its first Captain, being succeeded by Lieut. 0. F. Mattice, in April, 1863. Capt. Mattice was succeeded, upon his death in June, 1864, by Lieut. 0. D. Ray. promoted from the ranks. Company E recruited along the border between Dodge and Columbia Counties. Its Captains were Hezekiah Dunham, Darius J. Weils and Joshua A. Stark, the two latter by promotion from lieutenancies.

The Twenty-ninth was mustered into service at Camp Randall September 27, 1862, and left to join the army in the Southwest November 2, arriving opposite Helena, Ark., on the 7th. Their first active duty was the routing of guerrilla bands in that vicinity. During February, 1863, they made nn expedition to the Ya/.oo country, returning to Helena March 1. The regiment was soon afterward assigned position in the Thirteenth Army Corps. Their first battle was at Port Gibson. In this connection the brigade commander said of them : " I cannot refrain from special mention of the Twenty-ninth Wisconsin. It is a new regiment, but they fought like veterans, suffering severely, as their list of casualties will show." Their loss was 75 killed and wounded. They marched tiirough the village the day after the battle, and, on the 15th of May, while going in the direction of Vicksburg, fell in with the enemy near Balton. On the 16th, the battle of Champion Hills was fought, the Twenty-ninth making one of the most brilliant bayonet charges on record, capturing over 300 prisoners, a stand of colors, and a brass battery. Their loss was 19 killed and 95 wounded. Six days later, they were before Vicksburg, engaged in the general assault upon the enemy's works, and during the remainder of the celebrated siege were employed in the rifle-pits before the rebel stronghold, losing 6 men killed and wounded. When Vicksburg surrendered they took part in the siege of Jackson, losing 5 men killed and wounded, returning to Vicksburg July 22. November 3 found them supporting a Missouri battery at the battle of Carrion Crow Bayou. January 5, 1864, they embarked at Algiers to take part in the Texas expedition, returning to New Orleans February 23. On the 8th of April, they took part in the battle at Sabine Cross Roads, and out of 183 men engaged 63 were reported killed, wounded and missing. After aiding in the construction of the famous Red River dam, they took part in the battle of Simmsport on the 18th of May. The remainder of their service was devoted to those worse forms of warfare, forced marches and guard and picket duty, concluding with the battle of Mobile, at which place 2 members of the regiment were killed by the explosion of a magazine. The Twenty-ninth was mustered out of service June 22, 1865, and reached Madison July 5, receiving their pay and being disbanded on the 17th.

The death losses in Company A were : Killed in action - Corp. C. F. Matthews ; Privates N. H. Carter, li. Coughlan, J. King and W. Peschock. Died of wounds - Sergt. L. E. Robbins ; Privates C. B. Andrews, J. S. Bridges and W. J. Blocker. Died of disease - Capt. Oscar F. Mattice ; Privates John Agnew, G. Balcom. N. Butler, J. Cruger, T. Draugerson. G. K. Gaskins, F. D. Griffin, L. B. Gregg, C. B. Lintner, T. Levere, J. Nelson, W. H. Parks, F. Smith, J. Spooner. H. Thompson, A. Wilsey, W. Wetmore, L. Yerges.

Company E : Killed in action - Sergts. D. S. Ketchum and G. W. Alexander ; Privates J. Jackson and A. Sawistaskie. Died of wounds - Privates R. D. Fendon, A. J. Floyd, C. Grosse, W. R. Herrick, G. Hugget, H. J. Spring and G. Van Arnum. Died of disease - Corps. J. W. Bennett, N. Powers and R. Seckerson ; Privates C. Bryant, S. Barrett, N. Carlisle, H. H. Evans, W. Follet, A. D. Gary, S. Mead, S. B. Oliver, J. O'Riley, G. Ragow, B. W. Wilbur and P. Derivan (suicide.) The total deaths in the regiment were 296, all but 86 of this number dying of disease.

Company K, Thirty-second Regiment. - Recruited in August, 1862, and mustered into service September 25, 1862, at Camp Bragg, Oshkosh, with John E. Grant as Captain, Lewis Low, First Lieutenant, and John Walton as Second Lieutenant. The regiment joined Gen. Sherman's command at Memphis, Tenn., on the 3d of November, taking a place in the army that advanced toward Jackson, Miss., on the 26th of the same month. The surrender of Holly

Springs having caused an abandonment of the movement southward, the Thirty-second was the first to enter the town after its capture. Returning by way of Jackson, Tenn., they arrived at Memphis toward the latter part of January, 1863, where they remained until the following November. Moscow being threatened by Gen. Lee, the Second Brigade, to which the Thirtysecond belonged, arrived just in time to repulse the attack. They subsequently moved to Vicksburg, where they joined Sherman's Meridian expedition, marching over two hundred miles into rebeldom, and returning to Vicksburg March 4, 1864. From there they went to Cairo, 111. ; thence into Tennessee and Alabama, arriving at Decatur on the 10th of April, where they Were employed in guard duty and building fortifications with the Third Brigade, to which they had been transferred. While stationed at Decatur, they made three eflective reconnaissances, returning each time with rebel prisoners and other worthless trophies. On one occasion, they met a largely superior force, and lost eight men, who were taken prisoners. On the 7th of August, they joined the Union forces in front of Atlanta, where they remained in the trenches until the 26th. On that day, they accompanied the Army of the Tennessee in its movement to the right, and when twenty-two miles from Atlanta, were attacked by the rebels. In the twodays engagement that followed, they lost six killed, fifteen prisoners and six wounded. Rejoining Sherman's forces, they set out on the march to Savannah, November 15, encountering the rebels on several occasions, and putting them to flight quite as often. On the 3d of January, 1865, they embarked at Savannah for Beaufort, S. C, arriving there on the 5th. On the 1st of February, they encountered the enemy at Rivers' Bridge on the Salkehatchie. On the 3d, after a hard day's fight, the enemy having retreated, the regiment moved into his abandoned works, having worked from six in the morning until four in the afternoon, in water from one to four feet deep, sustaining a loss during the day of eight killed and forty-three wounded. On the yth, they again came upon the rebel hosts, strongly fortified, on the Sout^ Edisto River. The stream being crossed by means of pontons, the enemy's works were carried by assault at 9 o'clock in the evening. In this gallant affair, the regiment lost one killed and five wounded. Similar encounters with the rebels were experienced until the 21st of March, when they came Upon the enemy in full force near Bentonville. Charging through a swamp, two miles wide, they captured his works, driving him from the field in confusion. The Thirty-second held the captui-ed ground until all support had fallen back, when they received orders to withdraw. In this action they sustained a loss of two killed, twenty-three wounded and two missing. On the 14th of April, they arrived at Raleigh, N. C, and reached Richmond, Va., May 9. On the 24th of that month, they took part in the grand review of troops at Washington, and were mustered out June 12, 1865.