Sterling Town

Sterling Town

The territory bearing the above name lies in the southern part of Vernon county, and is bounded on the north by the towns of Harmony and Jefferson, on the east by the town of Franklin, on the south by Crawford county, and on the west by the towns of Wheatland and Genoa. The town of Sterling embraces parts of four different congressional townships - town U, ranges 5 and 6; and town 12, ranges 5 and 6 ; in all, forty-six whole sections and four half sections.

The surface of the town is quite rolling and in some places very hilly and rough. The Bad Ax river flows from east to west through the northern part of the town, and several of its tributaries flow into it from the ^outh. This river has a very winding channel and flows over a stony bed between high and abrupt bluffs.

The soil varies from a rich dark loam to a mixture of sand and clay, the former being highly valuable for the raising of all kinds of cereals.

The inhabitants are of different nationalities, including American, Norwegian, German, English and Irish, the last named being but few in number. The people are, as a class, indiiNtrious and hospitable, and possess some of the best farms in the county.

Eably Settlement

and family. The family consisted of his wife and two sons, Lewis and Lee Grant, a nephew, James Clark, and America Sterling, a neice. Mr. Sterling was a native of Maryland. He came to Prairie du Chien by way of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. From Prairie du Chien he went to Mount Sterling in Crawford county, where a part of the family remained while the two sons, Lee Grant and Lewis, came to the east half of section 10, of town 1 i, range 6, and erected double log cabins, after which the family moved to their new home. Mr. Sterling died in September, 1855, and his wife in 1869. In 1884 Lee Grant was the only member of the family living in the town, his brother Lewis having moved to Cedar Co.» Mo., and James Clark to California. It was from this family of Sterlings that the town finally took its name. The lands entered by Mr. Sterling were the second entered in what is now known as Vernon county.

Mrs. William Clark, a widowed daughter of Mr. Sterling, came in 1847, and entered the northeast half of the southeast quarter of section 10 and the west half of the southwest quarter of section 1 1. She built a log house in which she lived for several years. It was in thi.s cabin that the first school in Vernon county was taught and the marriage ceremony in the town also took place here.

Another settler of 1847 was George Nichols, who came from Grant county and settled on section 31, town 12, range 5. In 1-54 heboid to C. N. Johnson and removed to Viroqua and later moved to Chain Lake, Minn.

Henry Cliandlev, a native of Vermont, setlled in tlie town in 1847, locating on section 18, town 12, range 5. He sold, in 1856, to James Bailey and settled again at Ketreat. He served in the army during a \y.\vt of the Rebellion and tinally died at Retreat in Jannary, 1868.

'J'lie third settler.of the town was Alexandria Latshaw, a native of Indiana, who came May 15, 1847, and entered land on sections 3 and 4, town 11, range 6. He was quite prominent and held several places ot trust. He taught the first school in tiie town. He finally sold out and removed to Victory.

Among the settlers of 1849 were William S. Purdy and Alexandria Vance. The former was a native of Indiana and settled on section :i, town 11, range 6, where he remained till l&GO, at which time he sold out and moved into the village of Viroijua.

Alexander Vance was a native of Virginia, but came to this county from Indiana and setilcd on section 5, town 11, range 5, where he was still living in 1884.

In 1850 Nathaniel Cox, a native of Kentucky, located in the town and lived in various parts of the town, but in 1^!84 was a resident on section 4, town 1 1, range 5.

The first Norwegian settler in Sterling town was Albert Nash, who settled on section IV, town II, range 5, in 1851. He died in the V niuti army during the Rebellion. The Lutheran Church and parsonage were afterward erected on the lands which he settled on. Following him came Andrew and Scott Thompson, two Norwegians, who came from Dane Co., Wis., in 1853, and entered land on sections 17 an<l IS, town II, range 5.

life in the Bad Ax valley. He came to that ])art of Sterling town through which the Bad Ax river flows, in 1852 or 1853, and located on section 16, town 12, range 0, where he built a log cabin and lived until 1855, when he sold out and removed.

Isaac Cone, a native of Maine, came from Rock Co., Wis., in 1853j and settled on section 0, town 11, range 5. He moved with ox teams and was eighteen days on the I'oad. He improved his land and remained thereon till his death. His adopted son, Isaac Peaslee, came with him and in 1884 was the possessor of the homestead.

Another settler of 1853 was George King, a native of Vermont, who came to V^ernon county from Ozaukee Co., Wis., and.loeated on section 7, town 11, range 5, where he remained till 1m70, and removed to Howard Co., Iowa, where he still lived in 1884.

In 1854, among the Norwegians who came in for settlement were C. N. Johnson and Levi K. Ramset. The former came from Norway to California, and from that State to this vicinity, and finally bought land on section 31, town 12, range 5, from George Nichols, and remained on the same until the time <'f his death. His family were still on the old homestead in 1884.

The first German to locate in Sterling town was Nicholas Weber, who came in 1854 and finally settled on section 21, town 12, range5,wherehe still lived in 1884. His brother Henry came in 1^50 and settled on the same section.

was a native of Ireland, born in the county of Down, in 1804. In 1826 he came to America, first stopping in Canada and from there to Oneida Co., N. Y., where he lived for eighteen years, to l!-55, when he removed to Bad Ax county, settling on section 16, town 12, range 5, where he remained for eleven years and moved to section 2!. He was married in 1826 to Mary Brown, also a native of Ireland, bora in 1811. By this union there has been reared a family of ten children.

Perry Curtis, a native of New York, came to the town in 1855 and settled on section 5, town 11, range 5, where he lived several years and then removed to Iowa.

Among the number who came in 1856 were: Sorn Jerman, Leonard Wakefield and David A. Bean. Sorn Jerman was a native of Norway, who came to Dane Co., Wis., and located on section 17, town It, range o, where he died in 1875. Leonard Wakefield and his son Elijah came from Illinois in the spring of the year and settled on section 35, town 12, range 6. The father died some time prior to 1883, at which date the son was living on the homestead. John Whitney came with them, entering land on the same section, but afterward moved to De Soto. David Bean, who was a native of Windsor Co., Vt., came in during the summer of 1856 and located on section 33, town 12, range 6. He was a practicing physician but devoted most of his time to his extensive farm.

Brightman Collins, a native of Bristol Co., Mass., settled in this town in 1857, purchasing a farm on section 15, town 12, range 6, where he remained till his death in 1883. He was a Bible student of considerable note and it is said by those most acquainted with him tliat he could repeat a large portion of the scriptures. In religious belief he was an Advent and occasional- Ij' preached that doctrine and was for years of the opinion that the world was to come to an end in 1884, and in this faith he died.

Robert McMynn, a native of Indiana, also located in 1857 on the southwest quarter of section 11, where he remained a few years and then located in Missouri.

P. D. Minor, another settler of 1857, came from Grant Co., Wis., and settled on section 14, on land which his father had previously entered.

Early Events

Henry Chandler was married to Martha A. Clark in the winter of 1848-9. At the same time James Bailey married Elizabeth Clark, a sister of Martha Clark.

Organic

The records of the first town meeting were lost or destroyed by some accident, and all that is known concerning it, is that Allen Donaldson was elected the first chairman, and also served as the first justice of the peace ; and that Lee Grant Sterling was elected town treasurer, but failing to qualify, the place was filled by William S. Purdy. Lewis Sterling was one of the two men who constituted the first side board.

Educational

The first school in thig town was taught in 1858, by Axlie Morgan, in a cooper shop belonging to Hiram Delap. The first school house was erected in 1864, on the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of section 15. Amelia

Retreat school district first had a school taught in a log house belonging to the widow Clark. This school was taught by Alexander Latshaw. The first school building proper erected was on the southwest quarter of section 10. It was a grout house. Aframe house was erected in 187-3, located on section 10. Thomas Tenney was the first teacher.

District No. 3 held its first school in a log house owned by B. S. Abrams, located on the northwest quarter of section 21, town 1-J, range 5. This school was taught by Mary Bulwer in 1858. A school house was built in 18G8, which is still in use.

The first school taught in district No. 4 was in Richard Myers' house, in 18.57, by Henry Morgan. There were only three scholars - Clarence Bean, Jane Shaw and Laura Sanderson. This school was operated on the subscription plan. A school house was built in 1858 on the southwest quarter of section 33, town 12, range 6. Mrs. Elizabeth Morgan taught in this building first.

In district No. .5 the first school was taught in a log house belonging to Leonard Wakefield, on the northeast quarter of section 2, town li, range 6. This school was taught by Josephine Hurd, in 1858. In 1860 a school house was i provided on section 2. A little later this bui'ding was moved to the northeast (piarter of the same section.

The first school house in district No. G was built in 1857, located on section 25. This log structure was used by the district until 18?0, when a frame house was provided, which was located on section 24, on land owned by Lewis Thompson. Frank Johnson was the first teacher here.

The first school in district No. 7 was held in David Davis' house on section 16. Tliis school commenced in December, 1H54. Laura King, afterward wife of Issac Peaslee, taught this term of school. A log house was built in 1855, on section 8, town 11, range 5, which served until 1865, when a frame house was provided, which in 1880 was destroyed by fire and anew one furnished.

The first school in district No. 9 was taught by Elizabeth Curtis, in her father's barn, in 1859. The first school house was erected in 1861, which was situated on section o. S. S. White was the first teacher.

Joint district No. 12 held its fiist term of school in a house belonging to A. Critteridon, on section 24, town 11, range 6, in what is now Crawford county. This was in 1858, and the teacher was Sarah Jordan. A school house was provided in 1859, on section 14, town II, range 6, of Sterling town. A. Morgan taught the first term of school in this building.

The Norwegian Lutherans have a school about eight months of the year. This school was founded in 1857. Knute Forthun was the first teacher. In 1884 they were still hdlding their school at private houses.

The Disciple Church of this town is one of the very earliest religious organizations in Vernon county. It was organized in 1849, by Rev. William Punly, at the house of Harvey Sterling, where meetings were held for several years, after which they were kejit uj) at the gr uit school house and still later at the Rush creek school house in Crawford county. The first members were : Harvey Sterling and wife, Lee Grant Sterling and Lewis Sterling. In 1883 a church edifice was erected at a cost of §1,200. At this date John Rutter, .Martin Hoste and Charles Fourt were elders, and Lee Grant Sterling and Eraslus Ames, deacons. The Church then numbered sixty-five. A Sabbath school was formed in connection with this Church in 18C2, with William S. Purdy as its fiist superintendent.

In 1855 Ambrose Delap, a Wesleyan Methodi>l, preached in Isaac Cone's house on section 8. Meetings were kept up liere for several years but no class was ever formed.

The Lutlicvan people held services peculiar to their sect, in Albert Nash's house on section 17, about 1856, and in 1858, built a church on that section. Rev. Mr. Stub acted as their minister, at the same time serving the Lutheran Church at Coon Prairie. He was finally succeeded by Rev. Preus, and he by Rev. Juve, who preached for fourteen years, and in 1883 was followed by Rev. J. G. Nelson, at which date the Church comprised seventy-three members.

In 1867 the Methodists organized another class at the Retreat school house. The following were the first members : E. B. Hyde and wife, William Barr and wife, Ammon Davis and wife, Mrs. V. L. Davis, Mattie Davis and Mrs J. M. Hill. William Barr was class leader. This class belonged to the De Soto circuit. In 1872 a church was built at Retreat; it was a frame house built at an expense of $l,.300. In 1884 this Church numbered sixtyfive. The following ministers have served this charge: Rev. Bushby, Rev. H. J. Walker, Rev. Th(m\as ]\Iaiiuel, Rev. D. L. Hubbard, Rev. D. Ciingman, Rev H. D. Jenks. W. W. Kurd and J. F. Nuzum.

In 1873 a Methodist class was formed at the school house on section 5, town 1 1, range 5, by Delos Hubbard, a minister of the De.Soto circuit. This class numbered twenty-three, and was under the leadership of E. B. Alien. In 1874 a church building was provided; this was located on section 4, town -11, lange 5. In 1884 the class numbered about twenty. The following ministers have preached for this Church: A. D. Chase, John Davis, John W. McKay, William McMillan, Robert Smith, John Medd, James Phelps and R. S. Mocket.

A Congregational society was organized at the house of Robert McMynn, on section 14, town 11, range 6, in 18.f8, by Rev. Mr. Judsou, of Viroqua. Among the first members were the following: E. Bishop and wife, Richard Morgan and wife, James Jordan and wife, Robert McMynn and wife, Reuben Jordan and wife, Sylvester Hayden and wife. Reuben Jordan and Richard Morgan were the first deacons. For several years this society worshiped at the school house on section 14; but in 1880 they used the Methodist church at Retreat, and in 1883 built a church of their own at that point. It was a neat, well planned building, which cost about $1,400. Among those who have served as pastors of this society are: , Rev. Radcliff, Rev. Valentine, Rev. Bridgman, Rev. Thompson and Rev. Haughton.

The first regular services of the Norwegian Lutheran Church in this vicinity were held at Christian Chrisliansou's house just over the town line, in Harmony town; Rev. A. C. Preus being the minister. In 1874 a church was built on the northwest quarter of section 13, town 12, range 6. In 1884 there were sixty-three families who regularly attended here. Rev. Mr. Nelson was pastor at this date.

A United Brethren class was organized at the school house on section 28, town 12, range 5, by Rev. E. K. Young. He was followed by Rev. John Day. On account of the removal of its membership, this class only existed a few years. In 1880 a Methodist class was formed at this point.,

The first burying ground of the town of Sterling was on section 10, where fifty-six interments were made. In 1866 a new cemetery was platted on section 10, on a beautiful mound covere/l with walnut trees, which suggested the name of this new cemetery "Walnut Mound Cemetery." This is said to be the next to the finest cemetery in Wisconsin - the one at Madison, only, being finer. Resides this burying ])la "e there are several Nor^^egian cemeteries I within the town near their churches.

Retreat postoffice was established in 1854. W. P. Clark was ajjpointed postmaster; at that time he kept the office in his residence. This was on the mail route from Readsburg to Dc Soto. In 1884 Jesse L. Davis was postma'Ster, and at that date kept the office at his store. Mail was received four times a week from Viro- (jiia and De Soto.

A blacksmith shop was opened at Retreat by O. C. Jone-s, in 1864 or 1865; it was sold to F. B. White in a year or two, who soon sold a half interest to J. M. Hill, who afterward purchased the entire shop.

West Prairie postoffice was established in 1862. Allen Donaldson was the first postmaster, having the office at his house on section 6, town 1 1, range 5.

Purdy postoffice was established in what was known by the early settlers as the "Purdy neighborhood," at a very early day. In 1884 Ole Gauper was postmaster. This office being at this time on the mail route from Viroqua to De Soto.

At this point there is a blacksmith shop, which was started in 1876 by Joseph Brzazowsky. In 1881 George Little put a saw mill in operation and a little later a feed mill was added. Bad Ax creek furnished the power for this mill and in the spring of 1883 the dam was washed out by a flood and the foundation of the mill undermined, causing it to fall into the stream, where it was left to decay.

Grand Forks Neighborhood

On section 19, town 12, range 5, where the two branches of the Bad Ax river unite, there is what is usually termed the Grand Forks neighborhood. At this point there is a flouring mill, a store and blacksmith shop. In 1880 D. K. MuUikin, P. M. Peck and J. O. Morse erected a flouring mill. It was a three-story structure, 26x38 feet on the base. Tlii's mill has three run of buliis with the most improvod machinery. It does both custom and merchant work. The Bad Ax river gives a head of nine feet at this point, which furnishes an abundant water power.

Another mill was built in 1875 by John Mellor, on section 16, town 11, range 5. This mill had two run of buhrs. Its fifteen-horse power engine furnished the power. In July, 1880, the builder traded the property for a farm in the Bad Ax valley.

A brewery was built in 1870 on section 20, town 12, range 5, by Justice Grow and Reinhard Walker. This was in operation for about two years, but in 18S4 was not in use and was fast going to decay.

Personal

Harvey Sterling deserves honorable mention among the pioneers of Vernon county. He was born in Hagerstown, Md., in 1763, and his early life was passed amid the stirring scenes of the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars. He was twelve years of age when the American patriots were first slaughtered at Concord and Lexington, and shouted for joy when the liberty bell rang out the glad tidings of independence on July 4, 1776. In 1799 he removed to what was then almost beyond the pale of civilization, - State of Kentucky, - and settled in Woodford county. He was about forty-nine years of age when the second war with England commenced, and 1812 enlisted in the service of the United States, and was mustered out at the close of the war. He then returned to Kentucky, and located in Spencer county, where he lived until 1846. In the latter year he came north to Wisconsin, and made a settlement in Vernon county, where he died in 1855, aged ninety-two years. Mr. Sterling married Elizabeth Harper, a native of Pendleton Co., Va., born March 8, 1780. This union wa.'» blessed with twelve children. Mrs. Sterling doparlud this life Dec. 23, 1869, at the age of eit'htv-nine.

Le Grant Sterliug was the tenth child of this large family, and was the first settler of Sterling town, and is the oldest living settler of Vernon county. He was born Aug. C, 1819, in Spencer Co , Ky., and there grew to manhood. In 1840 he removed to Wisconsin, and located near Mineral Point, in Iowa county. In 1844 he laid claim to land on sections 10 and 2, in town 11 north, of range 0 west, then in Crawford county, but now embraced in the town of Sterling, Vernon county. He then returned to Mineral Point, and again engaged in mining, until 1S40, when he leturned to Crawford county and entered his land. He lived on the farm until 18d7, when he sold it and removed to Missouri residing there for two years. Again returning to Vernon county, he bought a farm on section 14, town 11 north, of range 6 west, (town of Sterling), where he has since made his home. He has made some improvements on his land and has repaired his residence until it is considered one of the finest in the town Mr. Sterling was maVried in 1856 to Margaret Rutter, who was born in Morgan Co., Ohio, Five children were given them - Charles, John H., Thomas, Lee Andrew and Henry. In 1871 Mr. Sterling suffered the loss of his wife and four children, John II. being the only one surviving. On Nov. 3, 1872, he married Lorena Johnson, a native of Pennsylvania. Of the four children born to this union, three are living - Olive, Jessie and William.

Soloman W. Tewalt was born in Knox Co., Ind., in November, 1838. When eight years of age his parents moved to Wisconsin, settling in Vernon county. He was raised to agricultural pursuits, receiving his education in the district school. He was married in 1860 to Josephine Hurd, after which he settled on section 8, town

11, range 5. He remained there until 1871, when he sold out and went to Oregon, at the end of three years returning to Sterling town. In 1880 Mr. Tewalt purchased the Adlington farm, located on sections 21, 22 and 28, town

Alexander Vance is a native of the "Old Dominion," ami came into this county in 1849. He therefore ranks among the first on the pioneer list. Mr. Vance was born in Virginia, March 14, 1814. He grew to mature years in his native State, and in 1837 became a resident of Sullivan Co., Ind. Twelve years later, (1849) not being satisfied \\ ith his new home, he sought a home in Wisconsin, and found one to his liking in Bad Ax county. He settled in what is now called the town of Sterling, where he erected a log cabin for a new residence. He lived in this humble abode until 1870, when he binlt his present frame residence. Mr. Vance was married, in 1839, to Susan Sloane, a native of Indiana. They are the parents of three children living - John M., Mary .f. and Margaret. The eldest of these, and only son living, John M., was born in Sullivan Co, Ind., Aug. 15, 1842. He was but seven years old when his parents came to this county, and here reached the years of manhood. He received a very fair education in the district schools, and had the pleasure of attending the first school taught in Vernon county. In 1SG3 he was joined in marriage to Maay Curtis, and Aug. 27, 1864, enlisted in company I, 42d regiment, Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. The regiment was ordered to Cairo, 111., where it performed garrison duty. Mr. Vance was mustered out of the service in June, 1865, and returned home. At the time of his marriage, he had settled on his present farm on section 4, town 11 north, of range 5 west, his farm embracing the land his father had located in 1849. Mr. Vance has always evinced a lively interest in town affairs; has served four terms as town clerk, tliiee terms as treasurer, and is the present chairman of the board of town supervisors, this being his fourth term. Mr. and Mrs. Vance are the parents of six children - Perry, Charles, Clinton, Frederick, John and Etta.

Samuel Davis came in with the settlers of 1S.52. He entered land on section 4, town 11 nortii, of range 5 west, in territory now known as the town of Sterling, and where he still resides. Mr. Davis was born in Knox Co., Ind., April 29, l^!-.28, and was there reared on a farm. In 1849, ho married Sarah J. Devorse, also a native of Indiana. In 18.52 the two came to Wisconsin and located in this county. Mr. and Mrs. Davis have Iteeii blessed with seven children^Hannah, Elizabetli, ilargaret, Andrew, Daniel, Lavina and Peter.

Isaac Cone, one of the early settlers of Sterling, is a native of Maine, born July 16, 1(94. He entered the service of the United States at the time of the trouble on the boundary question between this country and Canada. In 1849 he emigrated to Wisconsin and lived one year in Walworth county. Then removed to Rock county and lived there thi'ee years. In 1853 he came to Vernon county and entered land on section 9, of town I 1 north, of range 5 we.st, territory now ii\cluded in the town of Sterling. He erected a house, improved the land and remained here until the time of his death, which occurred in 1872. He was first married to Susan Davis, also a native of Maine. She died in 1865. In (870 he married Florence Hayden. She is now living at Midway, and is ninety-two years of age.

Isaac Peaslee was an adopted son of Mr. and Mrs. Cone. He was born in Penobscot Co., Maine, Sept. 14, 1^^35. His mother died when he was but fourteen days old. He made his home witli his adopted parents until the time of their death. He was married, in 1855, to Laura King. Nine children have blessed this union - ^Louisa, George, Susan, Eugene, Harry, Herman, Mary. Tiiomas and Mary M. Eugene died when two years of age, and the two children named Mary died in infancy. Mr. Peaslee has lived in Sterling continually since IS.T.S, with the exception of one year, 1872, when he went to Crawford county and purchased a farm anil lived, there one year; then returned to the old homestead where he has since resided. Mrs. Peaslee was the first school teacher on West Pr.airie.

Christopher N. Johnson was one of the first Norwegians to settle in Sterling town. He emigrated to America in 1847, and settled in Dane Co., Wis., where he remained until 1849. He then went to California, to mine for gold, and in 1853 came to Bad Ax (now Vernon) county, and entered land in town 12 north, of range 5 west, in territory now included in the town of Sterlinir. He improved this land and made it his home until his death, which occurred in November, 1875. Mr. Johnson was twice married. His second wife, to whom he was married in 1857, was Gunelda Fortner. She is the mother of six living children - John C, .Margaret, Christina, Ellen, Torger N. and Christopher N. Two of the daughters are teachers in the public schools and are meeting with great success. By his integrity and untiring benevolence, Mr. Johnson won the confidence and esteem of the new comers, by whom he was looked up to as "a father of his country," and to whom they came for counsel and advice. They were always welcome at his house, which was to them as an oasis in the desert, and were received with the greatest hospitality. Long will he live in the memory of his countrymen, who came here in those dark and dreary days when want and the desolate prairie stared them in the face, and the Indiati war whoop was heard on every side. Then it was that they found in Christopher Johnson a true and constant friend. John C. was born in Sterling town, Dec. 10, 1858. He received a good education in the district schools of this town, and in the \ graded school at Viroqua. He was elected to the office of town treasurer in April, 1883, and I is now serving in that res])onsible position. j Cliristian C. Olson was born in Norway I July 27, 1842. When three years of age his parents died, and Christian went to live with an uncle, Ilalvnr Erlandsun. In 1850 the family emigrated to the United States, settling in

Dane Co., Wis. His uncle died soon after. In 1853 they came to Vernon county, settling on section .30, town 12, range 5, in territory now included in Sterling town. Here Christian grew to manhood, receiving his education in the district school. In 1804 he went by way of the Isthmus to California, remaining there six years. He then returned to Sterling, purchasing a quarter section of laud on section 23, town 12, range 6, and there engaged in farming. In 1878 Mr. Olson was elected county register and removed to Viroqua, where he remained until 1883, when he engaged in trade at Grand Forks, Sterling town. In 1869 he was married to Julia Swinson. Mr. and Mrs. 01.<on have had four children - Oscar, Anton, Nellie and Clara.

French B. White was born in Beaver Co., Penii., Jan. 20, 1832, and when quite small was taken by his parents to Athens Co., Ohio, where he grew to manhood. He then learned the blacksmith's trade with a brother-in-law, J. M. Hill, and worked with him one year. In 18.53 he came to Vernon Co., Wis , and lived about a year at DeSoto and Viroqua. He then returned to Ohio, and opened a shop in Athens county in 1857. He was married Dec. IG, 1857, to Sarah A Hill, born in Pennsylvania, Jan. 18, 1836. In 1863 Mr. White enlisted in the 1st Ohio Heavy Artillery, and served mostly in Kentucky and Tennessee. He was honorably discharged in August, 1865, at Knoxville, Tenn., and returned to Pennsylvania. Soon after his return he came to Retreat, Wis., and purchased a dwelling and blacksmith shop of O. C Jones. He continued to work at his trade about three years, then his wife died April 19, leaving three children - Martin A., Clifton S. and Thomas W. He worked at his trade one year more, then rented his father's farm for three years, and finally, in 1873, bought a farm on section 15, of town 11 north, of range 6 west. He married Rutli M. Bates, Jan. 5, 1873, born in New York, July 10, 1850. They have one child - Purley C.

Albert, son of Robert and Elizabeth (Moires) Johnson, was born Oct. 10, 1847, in Lincolnshire, England. When three years of age his parents emigrated to the United States. He made his home with them until 1865, when he enlisted in company B, 50th Wisconsin Volun teers, and went to the western frontier. He was honorably discharged in June, 1866, and returned to Sterling town, where he engaged in farming, also dealing in grain. He was married in 1873 to Rachel Weevil. Three children blessed this union - Louisa May, Lizzie E. and Florence R. Mrs. Johnson died May 19, 1878. He married in October, 1880, Rosie J. Abrams. They have had two children, one of whom is living - Robert K. In 1878 Mr. Johnson purchased the farm first settled by his father, and now makes that his home.

Andrew T. Thompson was born in Norway, in December, 1828, being there reared on a farm. In 1852 he emigrated to the United States. He resided in Dane Co., Wis., one year. In 1853 he started with an ox team for Vernon county, taking provisions and cooking utensils with him, and camping out on the way. He entered land on sections 17 and is, town 11, range 5, Sterling town. He erected a log cabin on the farm, in wliich he lived until 1881, « hen he built his present frame residence. He was married in 1858 to Susan Ji-rman. They have eight children - Thomas, Anna Sophia, Lem,

Mar3-,Chiistina, Carolina, Scott and Adolph. Mr. 'riionipsoii's mother and step-father came with liiin to Wisconsin, settling in Franklin town wluTe IIh'V remained until their decease. His brother, Scott, also came with him and shared in the hardships of pioneer life. He was horn in Norway, in 1831. When quite young, he learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked in his native land. In 1852 he came to ..\uierica, also going to Dane Co., Wis. In 1853, when he came to this town lie also Ciitered land on sections 17 and 18. Being a carpenter lie built for himself, a nice hewed log liouse. He was married, in 1859, to Karn Clirisloplierson. Five children have blessed this union, two of which are living - Mary S., and Thomas S. Mr. Thompson died in March, 1SG8, and Mrs. Thompson, in the fall of the same year. Afary and Thomas made their home with their uncle, Andrew Thompson, for many years after their parents death. They now occupy the homestead.

Nicholas Weber, one of the well known pioneers of Vernon county, was born in Saxe-Coburg, tTcrraany, April ti, 1814. He attended school until fourteen years of age, and was then employed at farm labor. When he reached his eighteenth year, he learned the stone and brick mason's trade, and in 1849, came to America, landing at New York. He obtained employment on the Erie railway, and in the spring of 1851,' went to the Isthmus of Panama, where he worked on the first railroad across that strip of land. He then went to Havana, Cuba, and from thence to New York, and after again working on the railway, was em])loycd in a cooper shop tor sometime. He removed to Illinois in 1852, and in 1854, came to Bad Ax (now Vernon) Co., Wis. He entered land in what is now called Franklin town, but the men with whom he had entrusted his money, silently and mysteriously disappeared, and he was forced to surrender the land. He remained there one year, and then bought land on section 21, of town l;i north, of range 5 west, now included in Sterling town, where he has since resided, and made a comfortable home. He was married in 18(30, to Uabara Swink, a native of Germany. They have si.v children - Katie M , Henry N., Louis J., Daniel G., Annie C. and William J. When six years of age, Mr. Weber accidentally fell from the roof of a barn, and was picked up in an almost lifeless condition. Since coming to Ameri't^a, he has suffered from tiirce attacks of palsy, each of which have rendered him senseless for hours. His last sickness has made him quite hel])less, but in his old age, he is the recipient of true filial affection; and is passing the winter of life among all the comforts that love can bestow.

Peter J. Mellen, one of the pioneers of the Bad Ax valley, was born in the Mohawk Valley, New York, Oct. 10, 1838. When he was a young man, he learned the carpenter's trade. He was married Oct. 27, 1838, to Caroline Page, a native of Massachusetts. After marriage, they settled in Oswego county, where he worked at his trade one year, then removed to Oneida county, and. engaged to work as a stone mason. They remained there four and a half years, then returned to Oswego county, and remained there iin.til 1850; then came to AVisconsin and settled in Ozaukee county. He bought land there, built a house and commenced to make improvements. In 1855 he sold out and came to Bad Ax (now Vernon) county, and settled on section 15, of town 12 north, of range -> west. He improved the land, built a house and made this liis home until the time of his death, which occurred Aug. 27, 1882. His only son, Theodore, was born Sept. 15, 1856. His younger days were spent in school and on his father's farm. He was married Nov. 13, 1876, to Elizabeth, daughter of William anil Mary Adams, who settled in Harmony town in 1856. They have three children - Essie, Myrtle and Lloyd. He occupies the homestead in company with his mother.

father was a miller, and when thirteen years of age, Thomas hegan to work in the mill. In 1855 he came to America, settling in Vernon Co., Wis. He made his home with au uncle, near Springville, for three years, when, in 1858, he was married to Sarah Pideock, born in Ohio, June 28, 18-35. He then, for four years, rented a farm in Viroqua town, after which he was engaged in farming in different parts of the county. In 1869 he went to Iowa, locating in Allamakee county. He remained there two years, after which he returned to Vernon county and rented a farm on section 1(3, town 12, range 6, Sterling town. After renting this two years, Mr. Sidyie purchased it, and has since made it his home. Mrs. Sidyie died, at Viroqua, Dec. 18, 1863, leaving three children - William, Eliza Ellen and .Margaret J. The two oldest ones live in Genoa, the youngest in Iowa. Mr. Sidyie's father was born in Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1809. He died in 1866. His mother was born in Perthshire, in 1810. They were married in 1833. Mrs. Sidyie came to America to join her son in 1857, and has since made her home with him. She has si.x children living - Thomas, James, Margaret, William, John and Robert.

Leonard Wakefield, one of the early settlers of Sterling town, was born in New York State in 1800. He grew to manhood in his native State, and was there married to Polly Whitney, also a native New York. Soon after marriage he moved to Pennsylvania, where he bought a farm and lived until 1833. He then went to Ohio, settling in Seneca county, and living there twelve years. Going then to Illinois, Mr. Wakefield purchased government land in Lake county, and cleared a farm. In 1856 he again turned his face westward, locating in Sterling town, Vernon Co., Wis. He purchased land on section 2, town 1 1, range 6, and also on section 35, town 12, range 6, and here remained until his death, which occurred in 1871. His wife died in 1878. Their son, Elijah, is still a resident of the town. He was born March 15, 1827, in Pennsylvania.

In 1853 he married Cleora Stickney, by whom he had four children, one of which is living. He lived in Ohio and Illinois with his parents, and came with them to Sterling, loca'ingon land on section 2, which his father had entered in 1855. He enlisted in 1864, in companj' B, 4-2d Wisconsin Volunteers, and went south. He served until the close of the war, being discharged in June, 1865.

Adelbert, son of Elijah Wakefield, was born Sept. 21, 1854, in Lake Co., 111. He was reared on a farm, and received his education in the district school. He was married, March 30, 1876, to Jane Wilder, born in Crawford Co., Wis. Four children have blessed this union - Effie C, John B., Charles and Hiram. He now occupies the old homestead of his grandfather. His children are the fourth generation that have lived on that place.

Henry Weber is a settler of 1856. He was boi'ii in Saxe-Coburg Germany Aug. 25, 18 22. He attended school until fourteen years of age, when he was apprenticed to learn the blacksmith trade, at which he continued to work until 1847, when he left his native land and emigrated to America. He landed at New York, but not finding employment went out of the city and succeeded in getting work on the New York & Lake Erie Railway, and subsequently on the Eric Canal. In 1850 he started west, visited Chicago, and from there went to St. Paul, .Minn., and also Stillwater, and afterward to St. Louis, Mo., where he worked at his trade until 1856. In 1856 he made a settlement in Vernon c( unty- He has since been a resident of Sterling town. Mr. Weber has improved his farm, erected sub stantial buildings for stock, grain, etc., and is an extensive raiser of small fruits, making a speciality of grapes. His farm comprises 280 acres. He was married in 1854 to Mary Pauly. also a native of Germany. They have had ten children - Elizabeth, Henry, Bertha, Mary, Christian, i.ouisa, Josephine, Sophia, John and Caroline J. Josephine died when four yc;ns of age.

P. D. Miner was born Aug. 12, 182S, in Monterey townsliip, Berkshire Co., Mass. His yoixnger days were spent in scliool and on the farm. In 18-54 he came to Wisconsin, locating in Grant county. He bought a team and was engr.ijed for three years in breaking prairie. In 1S57 he came to Sterling town, settling on a farm that his father h^d entered a few years previous. For a few months he boarded with E. T. Hisiiop. He, in company with another man, kept bachel r's hall in an old log house on the place. He was married in 1858 to Sarah D., daughter of Dr. Simeon F. and Antoinette (Brush) Huntington. Her father was a native of Connecticut, and an early settler of Crawford Co., Wis. Mrs. Miner was born iu Ohio. Tliey have five children - Wilbur E., Henry T., Mary E., lliram and Alice. After marriage Mr. Miner liuilt a house on his farm. He has been a successful farmer, and now has 410 acres of land, a good set of buildings, and is now living with the surroundings of a comforia'lle home.

Simeon Gibbs was an early settler in Wasl inirton Co., Wis. He emi<>rated to that count v in 1S4T, and bought government land am cleared a farm. He remained there until 185St when he made his present settlement on sectioi 10, of town 1 1 north, of range 6 west. He wa: born in Otsego Co.,N. Y., May 1.3, 1806. Whei he was but seventeen years of age his parents removed to JefiEerson county, where they were early settlers, and where he assisted his fathei in clearinir two farms. He was there married in June, 1827, to Lucy Page, born in Chesliirc Co., N. H., Dec. 7, 1806. Her father, David Page, was born in Brattleboro, Vt. He served the United States in the War of 1812, and was severely wounded at tlie battle of Sackett's Harbor. He was also an early settler in Jefferson Co., N. V. At the time of his marriage Mr. Gibbs bought a farm in St. Lawrence Co.,N. Y., and lived there a few years, then sold and icturiied to Jefferson county, where he remained niiiil 1H47, when he came to Wisconsin, as before stated. Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs have five children living - Jane, Lindley, Clara, John and Mary. His son John lives on the farm adioining his father. He was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., Aug. 3, 1844, and came to Wisconsin with his parents. He enlisted in February, 1865, in the 50th regiment, Wisconsin Volunteers, and went west to the frontier. While in the service he nearlj' lost his eyesight, but has since partially recovered. He was married April 25, 1869, to Rosella Fish, of Vermont. They have five children - Harrison, Herbert, Alfred, Edith and Charlie.

Alvin M. Hayden was quite a prominent citizen of Sterling town for eighteen years. He was born in Somerset Co., .Maine, Oct. 2, 1810, and died in the town of Sterling Nov. 6, 1878. At the time of his death he was postmaster of West Prairie; had always taken an .active interest in town aflEairs; filled several offices of trust and for years was a justice of the peace. He married Clarissa Mitchell, also a native of Somerset Co., Maine. Five children were born to them, three of whom are now living - Lucy, William W. and John F. In 1855 Mr. Hayden emigrated with his family to Wisconsin and located in Monroe county. In 1858 they removed to Missouri, but returned within two years, and in 1860 settled in Sterling town. Mi. Hayden |)urchased land on section 6, town 11 north, of range 5 west. He improved this farm, erected a comfortable residence and here resided until his death. His widow still occuj)ies the ol<l homestead. The youngest son, John F., was born in Franklin Co., Maine, Jan. 13, 1851. He was united in marriage April 12, 1876, to Jane Cox, a native of Wisconsin. They have four children - Herbert F., Arthur M., Vesta May and an infant. In 1874 Mr. Hayden purchased a farm on section 6, of this town, where he has resided since his marriage.

D. T. Smith, wagon maker at Retreat, was born Sept. 21, 1826, in Sandisfield, Berkshire Co., Mass. He was raised to agricultural ]nirsuits. When twenty-two years of age he re- ceived employment in a wagon sViop, where he worke<l a year. He then engaged in farming and carpentering. In 1857 he procured work in a rake factory, where he stayed four years. In 1861 lie came to Wisconsin, locating in Crawford county. He remained there, however, but a few months, coming to Sterling town, Vernon county, and engaging in work at his trade and farming. He was drafted in 1863 in the 1st Wisconsin Cavalry, went south and was with Sherman as far as Atlanta. He continued in the service until the close of the war and was discharged in July, IS'55. He then returned to Sterling town. In 1871 Mr. Smith went to La Crosse, and engaged in carpenter and joiner work. In 1873 he opened his wagon shop in Retreat, near his residence. Mr. Smith was married to Lois C. Thompson, a native of Sandisfield, Mass. Mrs. Smith died in 1862. He subsequently married Sarah C. Davis, Avidow of John Frye and a native of Maine.

Jesse L. Davis has been engaged in the mercantile trade at Retreat since 1868, and is the present postmaster of the village. He was born in Cumberland Co., Penn., Nov. 7, 1809. When ten years of age, his parents removed to Shippenburgh, where Jesse attended the village school, and in vacations assisted his father in the tannery. At eighteen years of age, he left home and joined his brother, a physician at Carlisle, Ind. He was there employed as clerk in a store, but two years later went to Edwardsport, in Knox county, and engaged in mercantile pursuits. He there continued in business until 1^46, when he received an appointment as clerk in the sixth auditor's office, at Washington, D. C, and immediately entered upon the duties of his position. In 1855 he obtained a leave of absence and went to Wisconsin, where he bought land on sections 10 and 15, of town n north, of range 6 west, now embraced within the limits of Sterling town. He returned to Washington, and resumed his duties, but in 1S62 resigned his position and settled on his land, where he engaged in farming. In

1868 he engaged in his present business. Mr. Davis was married in 1832, to Vienn i 'I ., daughter of William M. and Sarah Purdy, natives of Kentucky, but early residents of that part of Indiana, now known as Sullivan county, and where Mrs. Davis was born June 5, 1816. Mr. and Mrs. Davis have been blessed with four children - John W., Warren G., Martha A. and Laura V.

Christian Puis came to Wisconsin in 1851, locating in Washington county, where he bought timber land of the government. He cleared a farm, erected a log house and barn, and lived there until 1862, when he purchased a farm of John Whitney, on section 2, town 11 north, of range 6 west, known as Sterling town. Mr. Pals has given considerable attention to fruit growing and has a fine orchard. He was married, Feb. 1, 1852, to Christena Tuegel, born in Marienburg, Germany. They have six children - Caroline, born Nov. 9, 1853, John, born Maj' 3, 1858, Annie, born July 25, 1862, Mary, born Oct. II, 1866, Jimmy, born March 17, 1869, and George, born Feb. 25,1873.

Lewis Thompson settled in the Bad Ax valley, in 1862. He took up a homestead on section 20, of town 12 north, of range 6 west. He is a native of Norway, born March 21, 184]. His younger days were spent in school and on the farm. In I860 he emigrated to America, landed at Quebec, ami came directly to this county, and first stopped with Scott Thom])son, who lived on section 17, of town II north, of range 5 west. He was employed in farming in the neighborhood until 1862, when he started to make a home for himself. He iirst built a small log house in which he lived several years, and then built another log house to which he has a frame addition. He has been a successful farmer and now owns 315 acres of land. He was married, in ls60, to Christina Erickson, who lived but two years after marriage. His second wife was Dean Olson, who bore him eight children, three of them are now living - Thomas L., Ole L. and Margaret L. Mrs,

J. Booth McClurg was born Jan. 22, 18.35, in Columbiana Co., Penn. Wlien six years of age his ])avcnts moveil to Oliio, locating in Guernsey county, where they lived six or seven years, then removed to that part of Morgan now known as Nobles county. In 1853 he started for California, going Ity way of the Isthmus. He engaged for a year in mining at Nevada City. He then went to Shelby Flat, made a claim and worked there for a short time, then started out on an exploring tour, traveling in Washingliin, Oregon and Idaho territories, making claims and living in different places The winterof 1861--2he spent in Florence City, Id.iho. It was a severe winter, and provisions were scarce, as means of transportation were limited. Flour sold at $13 per pound, sugar |5 I'cr pound, and tobacco $10 per pound. In the spring of lS(i2 Mr. McClurg determined ti' return to his old home in Ohio and visit his ]iarents, from whom he had not heard for eighi years. On board the vessel at San Francisco, while engaged in conversation witli a gentleman from NVisconsin, he learned that hi^ parents were living near Virotjua town, Vei non county, that State. He accordingly wen! to Viroqua instead of Ohio. In 1863 he came to Sterling town and purchased an improved farm on section 1, town 11 north, range 6 west. In the spring of 1864 he bought a farm on section II, same town, on which he lived but a few months. He then purchased his present home, on section 2, on which he has erected a good frame house and barn. Mr. McClurg was married in 18(1:^ to Annis, daughter of Eliab and Eliza (Higgins) Bishop. 'I'hey have had nine children - Inez I., Reno, Mabel and Maud (twins), Leo, Cyrus, Jennie, John Pliilip ami Walter R.

Prominent among the German settlers of Sterling is John Shoenberger. His first settlement in Wisconsin was made in Crawford county, in IS.54, He then bought an improved farm near Prairie du Chien, and lived there until 1863, when he came to Sterling and bought his present farm, on the northwest quarter of section 8. He was born in Hesse-Cassel, Jan. 9, 1818. He spent his younger days in school and qualified for a teacher. He engaged in teaching in 1839. He also performed the duties of organi.st in the church, a duty that devolved on teachers in that country. He continued teaching until 1854, when he left his native land and came to America. He landed at the port of New York, and came direct to Wisconsin and located in Crawford county, and from thence to Sterling town. He was married in 1838 to Annie C. Croll, who was also a native of Hesse-Cassel. Eight children blessed this union - Henry W., Mary, Kate, Annie, Otto, Dorotha, Charles and Louis C. Otto is dead.

Solfest Otteson is a native of Norway, born April 1, 183Y. His younger days were spent in school and on the farm. When nineteen years of age he emigrated to the United States. He landed at Quebec, and came directly to Dane Co., Wis., where he was enii)loyed on a fiirrn. He remained there until 1804, when he i:\nii' to Sterling town, purchasing wild land on section 24, town 12, range 6. He has since improved a portion of the land, and erected a house and barn. He has also purchased more land, now having 320 acres. Mr. Otteson was married in 1863 to Christina Severson. 'J'hey have seven cbildren - Christina, Otto, Mary A., Severena, Jacob L., Kiah and Julia. Christina, the eldest, is teaching in the public schools of Vernon county.

William Getter was born Dec. 20, 1847, in Schoharie Co., N. Y. When seven years of age his parents came to Wisconsin, settling in Sterling town, Vernon county. Here William spent his younger days in school and on the farm. He enlisted in February, 1865, in company B, 50th Wisconsin Volunteers, and went to the western frontier. He was honorably discharged in June. 1S66, and returning home settled on his present farm. It is situated on liigli table land, on section 28, town 12, range 5. Part of this land he pre-empted and a part he bought. It is in a good state of cultivation and has on it a neat frame house. He has recently purchased more land, and now has 360 acres. Mr. Getter was married in 1868 to Mary Robson. Six children blessed this union - Albert, George, Robert, Willard, Bina and Howard. Robert died in infancy.

James B. Gilmai was a native of Vermont and came to Bad Ax county in 1852. He was born in 1797 and when quite young was apprenticed to a carpenter and joiner to learn that trade. He worked at it for five years, then spent five years in learning the wagon-maker's trade. Resolving to still better his prospects for future employment, he served a three years' apprenticeship at milhvrighting. About this time the United States and Canada were quarreling over the boundary line question and Mr. Gilman enlisted in the service of his country and was mustered in as major. The epaulettes which he wore are still in the possession of his daughter, lie removed from Vermont to Illinois, and was one of the first to mine for lead at Galena. He remained there until 1852, when he came to Bad Ax county and made a settlement on section 21 and 22, town 12 north, range 5 west. In 1854 he erected a saw mill and lived there until 1863, when he sold his property and removed to Viroqua town, where he bought a farm. He resided on the farm until his death, which occurred in 1865. Mr. Oilman married Emily Twitchall, a native of Virginia, who died in 1858, leaving five children. One son, James W., was born in Calhoun Co., III., in 1839. He there attended the district schools and worked with his father at the carpenter and wagon trade. He came to Wisconsin with his parents mi in 1861 purchased a farm one mile west of Viroqua and engaged in farming. In 1862 he enlisted in company A, 25th regiment, Wisconsin Volunteers, and served nine montlis, mostly on frontier duty. He was discharged for disability and returned to Viroqua, where he opened a wagon shop. In 1867 he sold his shop and stock and bought land on section 21 and 22, of town 12 north, of range 5 west, the farm lying in l)oth Franklin and Sterling towns. He was married that same year to Harriet Lamb, also a native of Illinois. They have six living children - Hattie Belle, Lurinda May, Willie Burton, Maud, Walter and Mary Candis.

Hiram Bellows, the genial proprietor of tlie West Prairie Hotel, is a native of the old "Bay State." He was born at Blackstone, Mass , Dec. 6, 1830, and when quite young accompanied his parents to Rhode Island, and eight years later to Oswego Co., N. Y. He there remained until seventeen years of age, when he returned to Rhode Island and obtained employment as bridge carpenter on the Providence & Worcester Railroad, working for that company two years. He was subsequently engaged in various occupations at the following named localities : bridge carpenter on the railroad, in New Hampshire, one year ; teaming at Nassua, two years ; in employ of Worcester and Nassua Railway Com])any, four years; baggage master, four years, and conductor, seven years, for Boston & L )well railroad; four years as conductor on Galesburg & Quincy branch of the C. B. & Q., in Illinois; one year as conductor between Noith Platte, Neb., and Cheyenne, W. T., on the Union Pacific road, and from 1865 to 1868, again in the employ of the C. B. & Q. Railway C(>mi)any. In 1865 Mr. Bellows had come to Vern n county and purchased land on "West Prairie," on section 17, of town 11 north, of range 5 west, and section 86, of town 1-2 ninth, of range 5 west. In 1868 he settled on the former named piece of land, and has since been engaged in farming. At the present time lie is extensively engaged in the raising of fat stock. In November, 1877, Mr. Bellows repaired his residence, made quite an addition to it and hung out the sign of the "West Prairie Hotel." His long experience with travelers as conductor, and liajipy disjjoshion, togetliei- with the pleasant and sociable character of his wife, render his hostlery one of the best in western Wisconsin, and a most ])opnlar stopping place for the best class of travelers. Mr. Bellows has been twice married. His first marriage was in December, 1S53, to Augusta D. Chase, of Merimac Co., N. H. One child blessed this union - Ida. His second and present wife was Addie A., daughter of Alfred and Mary (Blodgett) Proctor, born in Saugus, Essex Co., Mass. Tliey have one son, Elmer. Mr. Bellows is also postmaster at West Prairie.

Charles S. Fourt, superintendent of the Disciples Church Sunday school, was born Dec. 25, 1832, in Henry Co., Ind., being there raised to agricultural pursuits. In 1853 he emigrated to Iowa, becoming a pioneer in Allamakee county, where he entered land on section 12, Paint Creelc township, breaking forty acres and build ing a log house thereon. In 1859 he sold this f:irm and purchased land on section 16, town

10, range 6, Crawford Co., Wis. He cultivated this farm and built a frame liouse, residing there until 1869. He then came to Sterling town and purchased land on seftion 14, town

11, range 6. In 18';6 hu bought his jiresent home on section 11, this town, on which, in l&8:i, he built a neat frame house. Mr. Fourt has been twice married. His first wife was Hannah Valentine, a native of Manchester, England, born Feb. 28, 1836. She died April 9, 18T6, leaving seven cliilclren - Lavinia, Edwin and Edgar, twins; Ida E., Franklin, Minnie M. and Lucinda T. In October, 1876, he married Hannah Davis, born in Sullivan Co., Ind. .Vir. Fourt has been for some time an elder in the Disciples' Church.

ISelus She])lierd Abrams settled on his present farm in the spring of 1870. He was horn in (-nyuga Co., >>'. Y., June 5, 1821. He remained there until cigiiteen years of age, when he removed to Wayne county, in his native State, and engaged in fanning, remaining, th we until 1856, when lie came west to Wisconsin, and entered land in town 12 north, of range 5 west, now in the town of Sterling. Mr. Abrams now owns 200 acres of land, 100 of which are fairly improved, and the other half is in jiasture and timber laud. He was married, in 186.'!, to Fannie, widowed wife of Leiand Brown, who was a soldier in the late war, and died while in the service. Of late years, Mr. Abrams has -rented his land, and a portion of the time has made his liome at Boscobel, Grant Co., Wis. Before marriage he was unsettled, and spent a large portion of bis time traveling.

J. S. Dustin settled lip his present farm in 1870. He was born at Bethel, Maine, Aug. 6, 1834. He passed his early life amid rural scenes, and received his elementary education in tlie district school. When a youngman, he learned the carpenter and ioiners trade, at wliich he worked in Maine and New Hampshire until 1862. In that year he came to Wisconsin, and 1803, located at Eau Claire, where he was engaged in the lumber trade until his removal to Vernon county. He settled on his present farm, which is located on section 3, town 11 north, of range 6 west. Mr. Dustin was united in marriage, in June, 1868, to Sarah Cole, of Orleans Co., Vt. They are the happy parents of two children - Frank and Albert.

John Wesley Cade was born April 19, 1847, in St. Joseph Co., Mich. He came to Wisconsin with his parents in 1853, making his home with them until eighteen years of age. He then returned to Michigan, attending school four years at Sturgis, fitting himself for a teacher, teaching one term there, returning to Vernon county, where he engaged in farming in the summer seasons and teaching in the winter, a practice which he still continues. In the fall of 1871 he came to Sterling town, renting a farm for one year. In the fall of 1872 the house where he lived was blown down l)y a cyclone; he bought a farm situated on section 5, town 1 I, range 5, where he has since made his home. His residence was burned June 13, 1883, with most of the contents. He was mar- ried in 1871 to Electa I. Cass, born in Lorignal, Province of Ontario. They have had four children - StelljRoscoe, Roeklin (who died in 1878), and Orpheus Blaine. Mr. Cade has been prominent in town affairs, and has filled offices of trust in the town.

Ole Gauper, postmaster at Purdy, was born in Norway, Aug. 29, 1851. When he was but eleven years of age, his parents emigrated to America. They first stopped in Madison, Wis., until the spring of 1863, then went to Black Earth town, in Dane county, where they remained until 1885, then came to Vernon county and located at Chaseburg. He made his home with his parents until he was fifteen years of age, then started in life for himself. He went to DeSoto and was there employed in a sawmill four years. After that he attended school two winters. He was married in 1872 to Amelia, daughter of Ove and Elizabeth Lind, a teacher in the public schools of this county. He purchased land on sections 10,11 and 14, of town 12 north, of range 6 west. He built a house on section 10 and lived there until 1878, when he removed to section 12 and lived there until 188.3, when he bought the old stand at Purdy, located on section 13, and now makes this his home. He was appointed postmaster in 1883. He is also iustice of the peace. Mr. and Mrs. Gauper have three children - Robert Oscar, Elida and Alfred.

Cyrus Hunt, one of the early settlers of Vernon county, was born in the village of Monroeville, Huron Co., Ohio, Oct. 12, 1830, and where he grew to manhood. He received his education in the district school, supplemented with six month study under the private tuition of A. H. S aw, at Milan, Erie Co., Ohio. In 1847 he went to Iowa and located in Linn county, and there engaged to learn the coopers' trade. He was also engaged in teaching. In 1854 he came to Wisconsin and entered land, as before stated. lie returned to Linn county and there spent the winter of 1854-55. Returning to his land in the spring of 1856, he commenced making improvements, and also worked at his trade as cooper. In 1866 he traded his farm for another farm on section 17, of the same town, and lived there two years; then rented the farm and removed to DeSoto. He there worked at liis trade some of the time. He also served as justice of the peace. He remained there until 1873, when he sold his farm and purchased land on section 2, of town 11 north, of range 6 west, in territory included in Sterling town. He has since bought adjoining land, built a frame house and now makes this his home. He has paid considerable attention to fruit and has enjoyed as good success as any one in this section. He now owns an orchard of about 300 trees. He was married in 1862 to Elizabeth Asbury, a native of Madison Co., Ark. They have eight children - Richard R., Joseph M., Cyrus, Carrie, Almon, Ida P., Bertha and Ella. Mr. Hunt has been prominent in town affairs. He was appointed justice of the peace a few days after coming into the town, and has been elected to that office each succeeding year. He has also served as town clerk.

Thomas Minor was born in Monterey, Berkshire Co., Mass., Feb. 28, 1815. Hewasmarried in April, 1889, to Laura Brewer, also boi'n in Monterey. In 1873 Mr. Minor came to Vernon county, purchasing land on section 14, town 11, range 6, Sterling town, and also on section 24, Freeman town, Crawford county. He settled on section 14, and still makes that his home. Mr. and Mr. Minor had nine children, five of whom are living - John H., William H., Watson W., Helen and Charles. Mrs. Minor died July 10, 1870.

John H. Minor, eldest son of Thomas and Laura (Brewer) Minor, was born in Monterey, Berkshire Co., Mass., July 10, 1840. He received his early education in the district school, completing it at Williams Academy, in Stockbridge. After leaving school ho engaged in farming and carpentering in Monterey. In 1872 he came to Wisconsin, and purchased the farm on section 14, town 11, range 6, formerly owned by Reuben Jordan, and which he still occupies. He was married in 1866, to Eliza beth Maine, born in Bark Hampstead, Conn. They have had six children - Edson, Mariana, Clarence, Berniee, Francis and Johnnie. Mr. Minor lias taken a prominent part in town airs. He is a member of the town board.

Watson W., the third son of Thomas and Laura (Brewer) Minor, was born Jan. 21, 1851, in .Monterey, Mass. He was reared ou a farm, receiving his education in the district school. He came to Sterling town, Vernon Co, Wis , in 1871, purchasing land on sections 13 au'l 1 4, town II, range 6. In 1876 he bought an ini|)roved farm of Clarence Bishop, situated 0.1 the southwest quarter of section 14. He makes this his home. He was married, .Ian. 16, 1875, to Martha C. Engle. They have three children - Hattie, Wallace and Charlie. In 1879 he went into a blacksmith shop at Retreat, to learn the trade. In 1880 he built a shop at his home, where he now carries on the blacksmith trade in connection with farming.

The other two sons, William H. and t liarles, live in Berkshire Co., Mass. The only daugliter, Helen, married Deacon Phelps, and resides in Slockbridge.

Arnt Westruin, assessor of Sterling town, was horn June 6, 1840, in Norway. He received liis education in the common schools, and in the High school. Wlu'ii seventeen years of age he entered the agricultural school, which school he attended two years. In 1866 he emigrated to the United States. He first went to Minnesota, spending six months in Spring Grove. He then went to La Crosse, engaging there in teaming. In March, 1875, he came to Vernon Co., W is., trading city property for a farm, situated on sections 26 and 85, town 12, range 6, Sterling town. He now makes this his home. In 1808 Mr. Westrum was married to Cliristina Ever-

Bon. They have four chihlreii - Tena, Ovedia, Clara and Adolph. Mr. Westrum is well fitted for the position which he occupies. He i.s now serving his fourtli term as assessor, having been first elected in April, 1879.

Arne J. Bolstad settled in Sterling town in 1876. He first bought forty acres of land on section 27, town 12, range 6, and on this B'lall piece of land commenced farming, liy industry and good management he has prospered, and his farm now contains 180 acres. Mr. Bolstad is a native of Norway, born Dec. 17, 1846. His younger days were spent in school and on the farm. In 1867 he came to the United States, first locating in Madison, Wis. After stopping there a short time, he came to Vernon county, being employed in farming in Franklin town until 1875. He then went to the Black river, following lumbering and farming one year, then came to Sterling, as before stated. He was married in 1875 to Bertha Everson. Four children have blessed this union - Ellen Helena, Maria, John J. and Henry E.

P. Melvin Peck, one of the proprietors of the G]-and Forks flouring mill, was born in Wayne Co., Penn., July 24, 1844. His younger days were spent in school and on the farm. In 1864 he came to Wisconsin and located in Crawford county, where he engaged witli his brother-inlaw as a millwright. lie worked in Wisconsin eight or ten years, then went to Minnesota. He built the Peterson mill in Fillmore county, and worked on all tlie principal mills on the Root river. He remained in Minnesota five years. In 1879 lie came to the Bad Ax valley, and in company with his brothers-inlaw, Mullikins and Morse, erected the Grand Forks flouring mill, which he is running at the present time. He was married, in 1875, to Henrietta Buckmaster, of Ohio. They have one child - Le Ross.