Whitewater City (part 2 of 5)

In October, the town voted to raise $6.0()0 for the support of families of volunteers, and orders were issued in sums of 25 and 50 cents. By January. ISfiS, it appears that of the $5,<)26 raised for the bounty fimd, only $75 remained uncollected; that " A. Castle's cow, not used" and "O. Montague's house retiu-ned. " One of the sad local events which cast a shadow over the marked decline of the rebellion diu'iug the winter of 1863, was the death of Lieut. James M. Mead, at Helena. Ark.. February 13. A large concourse of living relatives and warm friends attended his funeral at Whitewater on the 2'2d of that month. The lamented young soldier, in his twenty-fifth year, had been away from home but two months. Union meetings were held with renewed vigor, the tone of eneom-agement and manly endeavor which had permeated former gatherings having given j^lace to one of certainty in the immediate success of the Union arms. Lieuts. Chafi'ee and Cross, in June of this year, were busily engaged in recruiting men for the Thirteenth Artillery. Dm-ing the previous year, a number of men had gone from this vicinity in "Barston's Cavalry," which facts must be remembered when the work which the town accomplished diu-ing the war is summed up. In October, the President called for "300,000 more." and of the 112 drafted at Milwaukee, for the town of \Miitewater, forty paid for substitutes, two reported for duty and seventy deserted their coimtry. The Government now offered $402 as the bounty for veterans and $302 for new recruits. The cold weather of December and January did not fi-eeze the heat of local patriots, for, at a special town meeting, held on the last day of 1863, it was resolved to raise S4.000 by tax to pay the bounty of the thirty-eight men to be raised, provided a like amoimt should be subscribed. The soliciting committee to procure volunteers rushed through the frosty air of that "snap," ranging fi-om zero to 28 degrees below, but obtained their money and their men. Let the names of the heroic eleven be recorded : N. S. Murphy, Henry Newton, T. D. Weeks. F. L. Kiser. Ole Rosman, Emery L. Caswell, D. O'Donnell, Patrick Cummings, Thomas Thomjwon, E. D. Conver.se and O. B. Williams. On the 13th another meeting was held, and it was voted to raise a tax of $8,000 upon town property. Those who had already subscribed to the first fund were somewhat put out, but the trouble passed over. In April, Capt. Redington left for his command, having, during his stay here, recruited seventy men for the Twenty-eighth Regiment. Many of those who had served in Capt. Curtice's company enlisted. Next in the order of time was the recniiting of the 100- day, by N. S. Mm-phy. Several of the wealthy men of the village set a good example by enlisting, among others. Rufus Cheney, who had served dm*ing a portion of the war as United States Paymaster, Edwin R. Caine and Oreb Montague. Of the boys from sixteen to twenty-five years who enlisted, were Pitt Cravath, Charles Birge, Ed Andi-ews, Charles Black, James Gleason. Thomas Jefford and William Brennon. On September 21, they retm-ued safe, sound and happy. On July 18, the call for "500.000 more" startled the country. It was the desire again of all good citizens to escape a ih'aft by volunteering their services, and subscription papers were soon circulating in all directions for the raising of a sufficient fund - 110,000. To the credit of the town by Sej^tember 5, Whitewater filled her quota of sixty-eight, and was out of the draft being fifteen men ahead to apply upon any future emergency.

On August 8, 1864:, the young ladies of Whitewater gave a festival in honor of the veterans of the Fourth, who had retm-ned - J. G. Conklin, O. K. Eaton, W. M. King, A. Kittleson. J. Johnson, J. H. Buck, Whitewater; S. L. Smith. Richmond; F. M. Robinson, S. Phillips, Lima; O. M. Cregg, Johnston; G. H. Summers, Cold Spring.

On December 20, appeared the final call for '- 300,000 more," and, on January 16, the town to pay each volunteer $200. By subscription was raised $3,070, and by tax $4,800, recruiting in the town recommenced, and. by March 6, the quota was filled by volunteers. Those who left on this last call joined the Fifty-second Regiment. Thus the strain upon the hearts, minds and pockets of the people of \A'hitewater ended. Lee's siu-render, Lincoln's assassination - joy and gloom - closed that ten-ible epoch with them as with the country. Balm to hearts and wounds and broken homes must now be applied - and the women - God bless them! - continued their ministrations.

A list of the soldiers who served in the three companies which Whitewater may call her own. and who most of them reside in the village, or its immediate vicinity, is given below:

Whitewater Light Infantry. - Captain, C. E. Ciu-tice; A. E. Chafi'ee, William Ludeman, Chai-les Steele, Jehial Criger, Clinton Childs, Charles Cadman, Charles A. Green, J. A. Chamberlain, Jacob Phillips, Austin Kettleson, I. Robinson, Whitewater; A\'illiam Ross, Geneva; W. D. Hoard, of the Jefferson County Union, was also a member of this company. Capt. Ciirtice died June 4, 1866.

Veteran Battalion of Whitewater and vicinity. - This is a soldier's organization formed on July 4, 1878, and which represents one hundred regiments from nearly every Northern State. An annual encampmant is held for one week in August, and an election of ofiicers, on May 30, Decoration Day. The memories of camp and field and the fires of patriotism are thtts kept alive. About 340 names appear on the books of the battalion, most of them those who went from Walworth Covtnty. W. M. King is Commander; D. N. Goodrich, Lieutenant Commander; J. J. Criger, Adjutant; Louis Amnion, Quartermaster; Rev. James Delaney, Chaplain; Dr. E. G. Horton, Sitrgeon; T. W. Morefield (Elkhorn), Drimi Major.

ing who had been caught fast in the toils of hard times. It consisted of leading men of the village and their wives, and the good they did for long after will live after them. The society has never disbanded, but was partially swallowed up in the Soldiers' Aid Society, which formed under a call from the National Sanitary Commission, at Washington. In November, 1861, an organization was effected by Mesdames R. A. Tripp, B. G. Noble, S. C. Hall, J. S. Partridge, Prosper Cravath. J. L. Pratt, William De Wolf and H. B. Shedd. They were joined quickly by other noble-hearted women, who did mTieh to sustain Whitewater's name as a patriotic and large-souled Union village. They, and scores of the ladies of Whitewater, were active in season and out of season, and as promptly met a call for supplies as their husbands did for troops. For example, within three days after the call for supplies, in September, 1863, they had donated thirty-two sheets, six pair of socks, ninety pillow-cases, six pair of di-awers, seventy-eight shirts, five pair of pillows, one double gown, thirty-six bottles of wine and jellies, several packages of di-ied fruit, corn and delicacies, besides a large quantity of lint and bandages. They gave festivals and dances to raise money, and showed a business capacity in its disbursement, which the male sex does not always pattern after. It would be a mere repetition of what is generally known that all through the war the ladies of Whitewater did their duty. And when the cruel war was over, they labored with other sisters throughout the State for the establishment of the magnificent Soldiers' Home at Milwaukee.

Growth Of Whitewater

It will be seen, if a perusal has been given the early history of Whitewater, that few families had fixed upon this spot as a home by 1840. The entire property within the present corporate limits of Whitewater did not then amoiint to 110,000. The growth of the settlement was steady for ten years, but, in 1852, it received a fresh impetus by the completion of the railroad between Milton and Whitewater. In September of that year, the grand consummation of the event so long wished for. took place, and Whitewater felt that it had a right to be jubilant. By 1855, several additions had been made to the village, and its population had reached 2,224. Two years later, the assessed valuation of village property had reached 1191.956 - far below its true valuation. For three years, the population increased continuously, the expectations raised by the organization of the Wisconsin Central Railroad Company having served to draw immigration hither. While the war lasted and there was a continual drain of men from the village, the increase was not marked. The following figures represent the growth from 1860: 1860, 2, - 831; 1865, 2,958; 1870, 3,304; 1875, 3,394; 1880, 3.621.

Whitewater is a thriving village of nearly four thousand inhabitants, situated upon the Prairie du Chien Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad - the old Milwaukee & Mississippi line completed to Whitewater, as stated, in 1852. It is in the northwestern portion of the county, and is located in the midst of some of the richest farming country in the State. A number of busy manufactories also strengthen its business stability. Socially, Whitewater is noted for its refinement, its splendid normal school being as prominent in influence as it is in location. Main and Center streets, with the cross thoroughfares, are lined on either side with tasteful and costly residences or cozy homes, to each of which is allotted a generous domain for pleasure grounds. The Congregationalists. Methodists, Episcopalians and Universalists have beautiful and commodious houses of worship.

Grove and Hillside Cemeteries ai-e beautifully situated east of the creek and pond, the railroad passing between. The foiiner is situated about a quarter of a mile east of Dr. Tripp's old mill claim, but on the other side of the creek, ^^"hen the village was first settled, a lot near the site of the Episcopal Chiu'ch was set apart for burial piu-poses. After a few interments had been made, the plat of ground east of the village was selected and donated by Dr. Tripp. This was in November, 1848, when a cemetery association was formed, and the burying-ground passed from the control of the Town Supervisors. Additions were afterward made until the grounds contained ten acres. In May. 1858, the directors of the association piu'chased the beautiful knoll across the pond, and the two cemeteries are now known as the ' ' old and the new buryinggrounds. " From either, a striking view of the pretty and clean village can be obtained. The pTire breezes blow over them both, and the thundering horse, with his limbs of steel and his heart of fire, goes rushing between - a picture of Whitewater - a place to live in or to die. In the old cemetery lie the bodies of such men as Dr. James Tripp, Samuel Prince, Deacon Prosper Cravath, Rev. E. G. Miner, William Birge, Zerah Mead, F. L. Pratt. E. AVakeley, I. U. Wheeler. Dr. O. C. Magoon. etc., etc.; in the new, the boys in blue as calmly sleep - Capt. C E. Curtice, Capt. J. L. Pratt and comrades, Edson Kellogg, Dr. John Deichman, and men who acted as noble though a later jaart in the history of Whitewater.

Village Organization

The act to incorporate the village of Whitewater was approved by Gov. Randall, April 21, 1858. The elective oflScers were President and four members of the Board of Trustees, Marshal, Treasurer and Clerk. No specific provision was made for a fire department. In 1870, however, an engine-house was built on the creek, and the Babbitt system of water-works introduced. A water-wheel and rotary force-pump in the engine-house, water-mains with connections and hydrants at suitable points, comprise the provisions which the village have made to guard against fire. Serious tires have occiuTed in the establishments of George Esterly & Son and Winchester & Partridge. On March 25, 1875, the conflagration which broke out in the post office destroyed many vahiable documents.

The first regular district school was taught by Sheldon C. Powers, of East Troy, who opened the log building situated near the R. A. Tripp house, in December, 1840. This building, 16x18 feet, was thus thrown open to the public, to accommodate the northern half of the town of Whitewater. A more commodious fi'ame structure took its place, but the advent of a regular system of public education for the village dates from January, 1856. On the 7th of that month, the schoolhouse on Center street, enlarged and improved so much since, was viewed by twenty-five or thirty taxpayers and citizens interested in education, and found to be a good, comfortable two-story brick building - the lower story divided by a hall into two apartments, the upper consisting of an assembly chanjber. Here they held a meeting, Mr. Birge, Chairman, and discussed the question of school books. W. A. Baldwin. A. A. Lewis, William De Wolf, H. A. Congar, M. E. Congar. W. K. Cash, S. S. Workman and S. M. Billings all said something to the point. The result of the discussion was the adoption of these text-books: Thompson's arithmetics, Clark's gi-ammar. Montieth & McNally's geography, Sanders' readers and spellers. The school opened with an attend^fc^ of 130, !Mr. and Mrs. A. A. Lewis, teachers. A Mr. Henderson soon afterward took charge, ^roi Jliss C. Lefiingwell and Miss Mary Billings to attend to the juveniles. But one school j)ri i\ eij insufficient for the gi'owing population and the growing ideas, consequently Union School, IS^, 2. was completed in September, 1857. That was also a brick structiu'e, 24x36 feet, two storing, and cost !j!l,500. It provided for sixty additional pupils. The enrollment of scholars atpres^^nt in the two schools - the Center Street and East Side - is 600 - 350 for the former and 259 for the latter. They are in charge of L. L. Clarke, who is assisted by five teachers in the Center Street School and four in the East Side.

On March 28, 1865, S. A. White, N. M. Littlejohn, George Esterly, J. S. Partridge, William De Wolf and Ole Rossman became the incorporates of the Whitewater Seminary, whose establishment had been ui'ged for several years by the Jjest people of Whitewater. Subscription books were opened, but not enough was subscribed bafore the Board of Regents of the noimal schools invited proposals for the location of sites fromVliflerent sections of the State. The special town meeting, held in August, voted to rais8^$20,0(50 for that purpose, and the seminary project was abandoned.

State Normal School

It is provided by the State constitution that the residue of the income of the school fund, aside fi-om the amount expended in the maintenance of the public schools, shall be appropriated to the support of academies and normal schools. In 1857, nine years after the constitution was adopted, an income of 25 per cent of the swamp land fund was set apart for their support and a Board of Regents appointed to oversee its disbursements. In 1865, the fund was divided into two equal parts, one applied to drainage piu'poses. the other to the support of normal classes in high schools and academies. Its disbursement was still controlled by a Board of Regents. Under the jirovisions of this same act, it was [irovided that one-foiu'th of the income should be transferred to the common school fund, until the annual income of the latter should reach $200,000. In 1866. the State Board of Regents was incorporated, and. as the normal school fund had reached S>600. 000. and was rapidly increasing, it was resolved to commence the establishment of reguliu' State institutions. The fund now amomits to over 11,000,000. The law provides that "the exclusive pm-poso of each normal school shall be the instruction and training of persons, both male and female, in the theory and art of teaching, and in all the various branches that pertain to a good common-school education, and in all subjects needful to <iualify for teaching in the public schools: also, to giye insti'uctiou in the fundamental laws of the United States and of this State, in what regards the rights and duties of citizens." Eight representatives are allowed from each Assembly District n the State, nominations to be made by city or county Superintendents. Each candidate must be sixteen years of age, of sound bodily health and good moral character. Di])lomas ai'e not granted to those less than nineteen years of age.

In February. Platteville was selected, conditionally for the lu'st site, and in May. Whitewater received the second preference to accommodate the southeastern part of the State. On the 16th. the school was permanently located at Platteville. so that really the establishment of the one at Whitewater takes priority. It was opened April 21, 1868. Oliver Arey, A. M. . for merly connected with the nonna! schools in New York. He had achieved a marked success in Ijrlnging the high school at Bivft'alo to a high state of efficiency, and was afterward at the head the New York State Normal School, at Albany. Moreover, Prof. Arey was assisted by his ialented and finely educated wife, a graduate of Oberlin. At the dedicatory ceremonies, a brief historical sketch of the enterprise was read by Hon. ^\'illiam Starr, President of the Board Regents. Addresses were delivered by the Principal. State Superintendent A. J. Craig and others. The faculty was composed of the following: Oliver Ai'ey, Principal and Professor of Mental and Moral Philosojihy and of the Theory and Practice of Teaching; J. T. Lovewell. Professor of Mathematics and Latin; Mrs. H. E. G. Ai'ey. Preceptress and Teacher of English Literature, French and Drawing; Miss Emily J. Bryant, teacher of history, grammar and geography; Dr. H. H. Oreenman, Teacher of Vocal Music: Miss Virginia Dechman. Teacher of Instrumental Music. During the tirst year, 150 students wt^re enrolled. In l'S77, Prof. Arey resigned his position, and Prof, ^\'illiam F. Phelps assumed the responsibilities of the principalship. He remained two yeais. when J. \\'. Stearns, A. M., was called to A\'hitewater from the Ai-gentine Republic, where he had been at the head of a large normal school for a few years previous. The faculty for 1880-M is as follows: J. W. Stearns. LL. D. . President, Prof essor of Mental Science and Pedagogics: Albert Salisbmy, A. M., Reading, History and Political Economy, and Conductor of Institutes, Second District; W. S. Johnson, Natiu-al Sciences and Drawings; J. N. Humphrey, S. B. , Latin; Miss Mary L. Aveiy, A. B. , English Language and Literatm-e; Miss Mary De Lany, Civil Government and United States Histoiy ; Mi's. E. M. Knapp, Vocal Music; Miss Harriet Salisbury, Principal of the Preparatory Department; Miss Margaret E. Conklin, Superintendent and Critic of Practice of Teaching: Miss Kate E. N. Tupper. Ancient Languages and Principal of the Grammar Grade. Model School: Miss Ellen A. Persons, Assistant Grammar Grade; 'Mis. Ada Ray Cooke. Teacher Intermediate Grade; Miss Ellen J. Couch, Teacher Primary Grade. The total number of members enrolled in the normal school is 477 - 303 in the normal department. 94 in the academic and grammar dejiartments, 54 in the intermediate and 29 in the primary. The model and training department is made up of a primary, intermediate and higher grade of pupils, mostly fi'om the immediate locality of the school. Each grade occupies a separate room under the charge of an experienced teacher with such assistants. either temporary or permanent, as may l>e necessary; and the most thorough and practical methods of teaching are employed. Connected with the school are a reading-room, library and apparatus. Two literary societies also serve to I^ind the students together outside the routine of study.

History Of Walworth Count T.

The main building is 108x67 feet, with an extension or wing 86x46 feet. The entire structure is three stories high above the basement, and is heated by eleven hot-air furnaces with liberal provisions for ventilation. The grounds embrace an area of ten acres in an elevated position, overlooking the surrounding country for many miles. They have been handsomely laid out in walks and iawns, and are ornamented with trees, shi'ubbery, evergreens and flowers.

The Post Office

The post oflSce was established at Whitewater April 1, 1840, D. J. Powers, Postmaster. Before this, the people had depended upon Milwaukee. A weekly mail was established with Troy, and Mr. Powers carried " the bulk of it " for some time in his coat-pocket. Within a month, the mail was received direct at the office in Whitewater. Since then the Postmasters have been T. K. Le BaiTon, Warner Earl, E. Wakeley, G. G. Williams, I. U. Wheeler, L. H. Rann, E. B. Gray. H. O. Montague, Prosper Cravath and H. McGraw.

The Press

The Whitewater Gazette was established by H. J. Curtice January 5, 1855. J. A. Leonard and A. Emerson pxxrchased the paper the next year and removed it to Waukesha. The fii'st number of theWhitewater Register appeared March 25, 1857, H. L. & L. H. Rann, editoi-s and proprietors. Both of these gentlemen were vigorous writers, L. H. Rann being especially fond of piu-ely literary topics. The pajier was a seven-columu folio. In regard to its first number, five columns and a half were devoted to advertisements. The first page was given up to miscellaneous reading matter and the business cards of H. J. Curtice, attorney and chancellor at law; Richardson & Smith, jjlaning-mill: Winchester & De Wolf, foundry and machine-shop; E. A. Smith & Co., wholesale and retail merchants, dealers in fancy and dry goods, crockery, hardware, etc. ; S. C. Hall &Co., ditto; Brady. Starin&Cook. dry goods, groceries, hardware, boots, shoes; etc.; B. G-. Noble, drugs, stationery, etc.; O. H. Congar & Co. , ditto; L.W. Cutler, gi-oceries, pure wines, whisky, etc. ; T. Bassett, groceries, provisions, gai'den seeds, stoneware, boots, shoes, etc.; J. F. Barker, ambrotype and photographic gallery; Dr. H. S. Klein, siu'geon dentist. The salutatory on the second page excuses editorial shortcomings by the " good looks " of the paper - which, in all walks of life covers a multitude of sins. It indorses the platform of the Republican party, adopted in Philadelphia in June. 1856- "'doctrines equally removed from the fanaticism of pro-slavery-ism or that of abolitionism." The Betjister, however, agreed to attack "the Sevastopol of slavery in its outworks and chief defenses" - the sham Democracy. It would strive to become a family paper and avoid vulgarity - "' while having no holy terror of a joke, and being disposed to look upon a funny story as a sin of less magnitude than forgery or horse-stealing."" On the same page, it brought out the circumstances that the world-renowned Hutchinson family was still "on the wing" and would sing at Metropolitan Hall; that the Cougars had dissolved partnership; that the Wisconsin Farmers and Mechanics' Club had thrown open its books for subseri]5tions; that Baldwin's Tannery would tan anything under heaven; that the Whitewater Seminary would teach young ideas how to shoot up from the primaries to the higher branches, ''bills payable in advance;" that "No. 1 drug store" would compound wine - "just the thing for a spring medicine" - and that O. G. Fay would supply the solids at his eating-saloon: and finally, that Prosper Cravath would sell 200 village lots - 1100 for residence sites - $125 to 1300 more choice - and $250 to $800, located for business, 24 to 33 feet front. Other city advertisements filled nearly half of the second page and a portion of the fom-th. The paper was, in short, excusable for editorial delinquencies, on account of its "good looks." It had been the intention of the projjrietors to issue a month earlier, but they were delayed by the non-arrival of their No. 4 hand-press from New York and their type from the new foundry of Edward Miller, Milwaukee. In 1868. L. H. Rann retired, and the business was conducted by H. L. Rann, who soon after associated with himself H. G. Parsons. The ]>aper was enlarged, newly dressed and its form changed fi'om a folio to a ipiarto. For two years, the Register was one of the handsomest and most alily edited papers in the State. But the proprietors made reputation faster than money, and the senior editor's health showed immistakable signs of giving entirely away. So a purchaser was sought, and, in April, 1870, Dr. E. G. Benjamin became proprietor and editor. He changed the form of the paper and assumed

"patent iusides, " with a view of making his investment a paying one. When it came into the hands of its present able editor and proprietor, E. D. Coe. in 1871. it was as asix-colnmn qnarto, "patent insides. " Upon assuming management, on November 1 of that year, he discarded the '"insides" and changed the form to a folio, eight columns to the page. On March 25, 1875, the Register office was destroyed in the post office tii-e, but, through the generosity of the Waukesha Democrat establishment, the former never missed an issue. The following week, the paper appeared in its own new dress, and has since been issued, with but one exception, on its publication day. The Reyistervias established as a Republican paj)er, and so remains. Politics, however, are secondary to its aim of jiresenting a faithful and full register of local and county affairs. Its agricultural dejiartment is a feature - and one thoroughly appreciated by farmers. Three power presses run by steam, have succeeded to the single hand press, which, for a number of years, was adequate for all the needs of the office, and indicate somewhat the extent of the business which has grown up from the moderate beginnings and expectations of early years.

The Whitewater Chronicle was established June 1 1, 1879, as a five-colmnn quarto. It is now a four-column journal, fourteen pages, pamphlet form. Pitt Cravath has continued its editor and pioprietor. It is an independent weekly paper, devoted to the local interests of Whitewater. It sticks to its text and succeeds.

First Methodist Episcopal Church. - In the fall of 1837, when the pioneer settlers had but fairly located upon the present site of Whitewater, Rev. Jesse Halstead preached one of the first sermons ever delivered in the town. When the old log schoolhouse was built, in 1840, occasional meetings were held there by the Methodists and other denominations. It will be readily appreciated how " few were gathered together " at that eai-ly day, but, under the lead of Rev. Alpha Wairen and other Methodist clergi,-- men, the services were all the more homelike and hearty. In 1843, Whitewater became a separate charge imder his pastorate, and a class was formed composed of these members : J. K. W'ood, leader; Mrs. J. K. Wood, Henry Johnson, A. R. Eaton, Mrs. A. R. Eaton, Mrs. Dr. Clai-k, Mi-s. J. J. Starin, Roxana Hamilton and Miss W^hitcomb. Meetings were next held in the new brick schoolhouse for a time. In 1849, the society, then in charge of Rev. J. Harrington, felt strong enough to commence the erection of a church edifice. It was completed under the pastorate of Rev. J. M. Walker, in 1852, and dedicated in February of that year. The building was enlarged while the society was in chai'ge of Rev. A. C. Huntley. The present commodious and elegant edifice on Center street, one of the finest outside of Milwaukee, was dedicated by Bishop Merrill, October 19, 1873. It was built at a cost of .$30,000. Among those who were foremost in carrying on the undertaking to its present full completion may be mentioned Rev. C. N. Stowers, then i)astor, O. Gault, F. L. Pratt, Prof. Rocknood, O. D. Hamilton, R. Rockfellow, Mrs. H. M. Caine, James Cox, T. H. Webb, Ansil Salisbuiy, A. S. Kinney, William Mclntyre, C. M. Rockwell, Leroy Brockway and others.

In 1880, under the pastorate of Rev. G. W. Wells, the church building was cleared of debt, the ladies' society assuming $750. They have since paid about half this amount. The society under its present pastor, Rev. Henry Sewell, is full of life, strong and growing. As stated, the fii'st pastor of the societj' was Rev. Alpha Warren. Rev. J. Harrington and Rev. .J. M. Walker served after him up to the year 1852. Next in order were Revs. Hendrickson and Robinson; Rev. A. C. Huntley, 1860-64; Rev. W.H. Sampson, 1861-62; Rev. R. C. Parsons, 18(52- 64; Rev. R. H. Stinchfield, 1864-65 and Rev. E. W. Kirkham, 1865-68. The latter, a Welshman in nationality, was so natural, pathetic and gifted, both in utterance and conduct, that he made a lasting impression upon every one with whom he came in contact. He had been transfeiTed from Cincinnati, and remained with the society three years. At last, worn out with labor, he died at Winona, in 1871, having retired fi'om the ministry on account of broken health. From 1868 to 1871, Rev. A. C. Mauwell had chai-ge of the society - which experienced a remarkable revival imder the influence of Mrs. Van Cott. Following came Rev. C. N. Stowers, 1871- 74 ; Rev. O. J. Cowles, 1874-75 ; Rev. H. C. Tilton, 1875-76; Rev. C. N, Stowers and Rev. A. A. Reed, 1876-77; Rev. G. W. Wells, 1877-80; Rev. Henry Sewell, 1880-81. Connected with the church, under the latter'a ministrations, are the ladies' societies for charitable and missionary work, and a large and prosperous Sunday school. It numbers 140 and is superintended by H. P. Goodman. There is also a fine Bible class and a Young People's Assembly, which meets at 6 o'clock every Sabbath evening for Bible study and religious exercises. . * o

Whitewater has been the seat of the General Conference three years - in 1859, Bishop Ames presiding; 1873, Bishop Merrill; 1881, Bishop Foss.

First Congregational C7»(?r/i. - Although first established under a Presbyterian form of government, the organization which merged into the First Congregational Chiirch, of Whitewater, was the pioneer religious society of the coiinty. On the 3d of July, 1840, at the residence of Deacon Prosper Cravath, in Lima, the following persons assembled to form "The Presbyterian Church of ^Vhitewater:" Deacon Prosper Cravath, Deacon Zerah Hull, Justus Carpenter, Levi Kinney, James Hull, Meriam Cravath, Ada Kinney, Laui-a Cravath (Smith), Emily Cravath (Salisbury), Sophronia Cravath, Wealthy A. Cai-penter, Jenny Williams, Roxy Hull, HaiTiet Hull and Maria Cravath. The by-laws for the organization of the society were prepared by Prosper Cravath, and were so satisfactory that they were in demand for some years by various bands of Christians throughout the State, who desired to form societies but did not see their way clear as to the preliminaries. These first members joined by letter, and the first sermon to the small but enthusiastic band was preached soon after. Services were held during the year preceding the concentration of the society in the village, at the houses of ^Messrs. Cravath, Johnson, Carpenter and Kinney. In June, 1841, the congregation began to worship in the old log schoolhouse, near Mrs. Tripp's subsequent residence.

Sometimes the members would prefer an open-air meeting under the old trees before the door; or they might choose O. A. Weed's wagon-shop, on Main street, or Judge Pike's or Sidney Workman's house. Rev. Daniel Smith, their first minister, began his sei-vices in the fall of 1830, before the formation of the regular society. Being a missionary of the Presbyterian Church, he could give but one-third of his time to the society at Whitewater. But that portion he gave cheerfully and faithfully. In Jvme, 1841, he was succeeded by Rev. Seth Smalley, who preached one of the first sermons in the village of Whitewater under some oak trees where now stands the Methodist Church. Leaving the ministry to engage in agriculture, Mr. Smalley was succeeded the next year by Rev. H. F. Case, of Canton, Conn. With the Baptists, who had formed a society in 1842, the Presbj^terians held their services in the upper story of Mr. Weed's wagon-shop. In November, 1843, the Congregationalists of Whitewater organized a society and united with the Presbyterian Church to form the society now known as the First Congregational Chiu-ch. Twenty-six signed the constitution. Justus Carpenter and W. B. Johnson had been authorized to build a church, if sufficiently encouraged. A one-story frame building, 26x36 feet, ten feet high imder the eaves, had accordingly been erected on the lot where now stands the magnificent edifice of the society. Its cost was $467, and all the slips were sold except four, the subscriptions mostly being paid in " labor performed. " When completed, it was found that the society had no "legal existence; hence, the formation of the new organization to whom the building was deeded. Dr. Tripp donated the land for the site. Following the close of Mr. Case's labors, in 1844, came Rev. M. P. Kinney, of Homer, N. Y. At the commencement of his ministry, which lasted nine years, a purely Congregational mode of government was adojjted. In 1850, another and more commodious church edifice was completed. In 1854, the pulpit having been irregularly supplied during the preceding year. Rev. William A. Baldwin began his ministi-y. He was succeeded, in September, 1858, by Rev. E. G. Miner, of Geneva, formerly of Dr. Adams' Church, Boston. Mr. Miner was pastor several years; came here in September, 1858, and left July, 1866. In the summer of 1866, he received a call to Beloit College, and was succeeded, in October, by Rev. T. G. Colton. In 1871, an elegant building was erected on the site of the old church at a cost of .§18,000. Three years thereafter, in the autumn of 1874, Mr. Colton resigned his pastorate, and was succeeded by Rev. B. D. Conkliu. who remained until July 1, 1880, when the present incumbent, Rev. E. P. Salmon assumed the charge. Previously, "however, on February 9, 1880, the chui'ch edifice was entirely destroyed by tu-e, entailing a loss of $25,000 upon the society. Upon this property was an insurance of about $16,000. Immediate steps were taken to rebuild, and a magnificent structure is now nearly completed, on Church street. Its cost, with site, will be over $22,000. The

St. Lukes Episcopal Church. - In the fall of 1841, Father R. Cadle, founder of the Cadle Homes, which Jiave accomplished so much good throughout the State, came to W^hitewater and held services in the log schoolhouse which stood on the present site of the park. Several attempts, during the next ten years were made to organize a society, none of which proved successful. Dr. James Tripp and his wife, Rosej^ha Ann, had donated land for the erection of a church, on the present site, corner of Church and Center streets. At length, in March, 1S52, an organization was effected. Dr. Tripp died in 1844, but his good and energetic wife continued her useful connection with the chiu'ch until February 2, 1881, when, in her seventyninth year, she was called by death to the church universal. It is safe to say that no ono who ever lived in Whitewater was more generally respected. Her funeral was largely attended. Bishop Welles officiating, assisted by Rev. S. D. Stearns, present pastor of the church. As stated, an organization was effected in 1852, by Mrs. Tripp, Mi-, and Mrs. George Williams, Mr. and Mrs. Z. Mead, Mr. and Mrs. Hopjiin and others. Rev. L. R. Humphrey, who had been officiating eveiy fifth Simday since October, 1851, became the regular pastor of the society upon the consecration of the little wooden chm-ch building by the Bishop, Right Rev. J. Kemper, April 22, 1852. Mr. Humphrey resigned on accouut of injiu-ies received in a railroad accident in 1861. From 1862 to 1864, the pulpit was variously supplied, but in April of the latter year, Rev. H. W. Spalding, of Janesville, was called to the charge, biit resigned, in January, 1865, and was succeeded by Rev. John McNamara, late Chaplain of the First Wisconsin Infantry. The year 1867 saw the church building renovated, greatly improved and free of debt. Mrs. Flavia White presented the society with a fine $500 bell, whose mellow metal still forms a {)art of the present musical instrument. Mr. McNamara resigned July 1, 1868, being succeeded by Rev. W. E. Walker. The parsonage was refitted diu'ing this year, but, unfortunately, in Fel)- ruary, 1869, when every outlook seemed so prosperous, the church building was destroyed l)y fire and all its contents Inirned. except a valuable communion set. Three days after the fire - - February 20 - a meeting was held by leading choi-ch members, and it was resolved to rebuild at a minimum cost of $10,000. Services were held in the district schoolhouse until July 1, 1869, when the corner-stone of the church was laid by Bishop Kemper. On November 3, it was opened for worship by the celebration of the Holy Communion, the sermon being preached by Rev. H. W. Beers, D. D., Dean of the Milwaukee Convocation. Having been cleared of debt, the building was consecrated on Easter of the year 1873. The editiee is a gem of solid English setting, gray stone without and tasteful wood finish within. Its cost, when comj^leted, with the rectory, amounted to over 120,000. Rev. C. J. Hendley became the pastor of St. Luke's Church in 1870, remaining one year. Temporary supplies tilled out the next year, but in 1872, Rev. Erastus B. Smith assumed the pastorate, which he retained until May, 1873. In September of that year, Rev. R. D. Stearns, present pastor, took charge of the society, which is now one of the leading religious forces in Whitewater. It numbers sixty communicants. In 1879, occuiTed the death of another pillar of the chra-ch - Jiidge S. A. White. In 1880, his mother donated an expensive and richly toned memorial organ. The society, in short, is free of debt, and rich in heart, mind and estate.

Sf. Pati-ick's Church (Catholic). - In the fall of 1851, the Catholics of the village selected the lot which is now occujiied, and an editiee was erected in 1852-53. The society now consists of about 900 members. Connected with it is also a flourishing school of 80 members; also a total abstinence society, which has done a power of good. The property consists of a large piece of land, in a fine location, on which are the church, school, sisters' and priest's hoiises. The present priest in charge is Rev. Father J. Fitzgibbon.

The first priest who visited WTiitewater was Very Rev. Martin Kundig, Vicar General of the diocese. No church then existed in W^hitewater, and Father Kundig celebrated mass, baptized children, etc., in the houses of a few Catholics, who had settled among the bluffs southeast of the village. He commenced the erection of the church, which was comj)leted before the coming of Rev. Father James M. Doyle, of Waukesha, in 1853. For nearly four years, he continued his visits to ^\'hite^vater, once in two weeks. It was under his pastorate that the

I present parochial residence was built. The first resident pastor was Rev. R. Dunphy, who became pastor in 1857, and remained in charge of the congregation for about twelve years. Many improvements were made in his time; the new chnrch was bnilt and partly paid for. It cost about $11,000. Rev. Father T. Kirwan was the next pastor, who remained about one year, and was succeeded by Rev. Father H. F. Fairbanks, who continued pastor for about eleven years. Under his charge, the remaining debts were paid, schoolhouse erected, Sisters' house built and other improvements made, amounting in all (payments of debts and for improvements) to al)out $12,000, besides current expenses. He was succeeded by Father George L. Willard, and he in turn by Rev. Father James Fitzgibbon, late pastor of East Troy, Walworth Co. Very Rev. Father Kundig died in Milwaukee in the Cathedral House, and Rev. Father Doyle in St. Mary's Hospital, Milwaukee. Rev. Father Dunphy is at present in Ireland in poor health. Rev. Father Kii-wan died in Kenosha. 'Rev. Father Fairbanks is pastor of St. Patrick's Church, Milwaukee, and Rev. Father Willard is in Yankton, Dak.

Immamiel Church (Evangelical Association). - The first work of this association began in the year 1856 in the town of Cold Spring, Rev. John Meier preaching in the district schoolhouse near Henry Cooper's. That gentleman and Rev. John Hammetter held regular sei^vices at the same place, also visiting Whitewater the same year. Among the first attendants at these meetings were Victor Eglolfand family. In 1869, the church building on Janesville street was erected, being dedicated October 17 of that year. Rev. B. D. Beyers, of Illinois, preaching the sermon. The cost, with parsonage, was about 13,400. In 1865, the missions of Cold Spring and Whitewater were united, the two joining together in the erection of the Immanuel Chm-ch building. The pastors of the charge have been: Rev. G. Miller, 1857-58; Rev. C. A. Sohnake, 1859-60; Rev. W. F. Schneider, 1861-62; Joseph Harlacher, 1863-64; Rev. J. G. Eslingei-, 1865; Rev. John Mieer, 1866-67; Rev. J. M. Hammetter and Rev. Tobias Rabus, 1868; Bev. William Huelster, 1869; Rev. C. F. Zimmermann, 1870-71; Rev. John Dietrich, 1872; Rev. F. William Pfefi^erkorn, 1873-75; Rev. Schneider, 1870-78; Rev. L. Strobel, 1879-80: Rev. J. Kahl. 1881. The present jjarsonage was built dm-ing Mi-. Strobel's administi'ation. The membership of the society is at present between thirty and forty - that is exclusive of the members residing in Cold Spring.

First Universalist Church. - Iq February, 1868, a conference of Universalists was held in the Congi-egational Church to see what could be done toward establishing a society here. Sermons were preached l\y Bev. Sumner Ellis, of Milwaukee. Dr. A. C. Barry, of Racine, and others. The feeling seemed so encom-aging that subscription papers were put in circulation. Rev. B. F. Rogers was engaged as pastor, a constitution for the government of the society having been presented by him, J. H. Cushing and F. J. Starin and adopted. On May 15. "a meeting was called to take into consideration the propriety of building a church structure. Over $4,000 had already been subscribed. The lot on Center street was purchased, and. on Sej)tember 10 of that year, the corner-stone of the fine chm-ch was laid. Dr. Ban-y delivering the sermon. The basement was fitted up for use. and the society had a home. The dedicatory ceremonies occuired July 14, 1869, Rev. S. H. Tuttle, of Minneapolis, preaching the sermon. When completed, the total cost of the building was $10,000. On October 17, 1871, Rev. Jud- 8on Fisher took charge of the society. Mr. Rogers having resigned during the previous month. He filled an engagement of four years until January 1, 1876. Services were suspended until April, 1877, when Rev. B. F. Rogers was recalled, and continued with the society until the latter part of 1879. In March. 1881. there having been an interval of over a year during which the church was without a pastor. Rev. H. Slade assumed the charge.

First. Baptist Church was organized in the smnmer of 1842. with sixteen members. Elder A. B. Winchell was soon after engaged as its first pastor. For the fii-st eight years, meetings were held in Mi-. Weed's cai-riage-shop and other places that could be obtained. A church was built and dedicated in 1850. The society now numbers about fifty members, but has no settled pastor. Rev. P. W. Mills supplying the jmlpit.

There is also a Norwegian Methodist Episcopal Church on the East side. Rev. O. L. Hanson, ])astor. The building was erected in October, 1873. at a cost of $1,400. The small socieity of Free Methodists have no pastor: Services are occasionally held by Rev. Henry Lewell.

Whitewater Lecture Association. - In tlie fall of 1857, a library association was formed in Whitewater to cultivate popular taste, M. Paris McLauthlin, President. This organization continued to be in favor for a number of years, being especially upheld with enthusiasm in 1858 and 1859. The Whitewater L_yceiun succeeded it, and numbers of other like organizations have borne witness to the elevated standard of Whitewater society. The Whitewater Lecture Association is the latest and the best of these socieities, its objects being, as stated in the constitution, " the furnishing of financial and moral sujiport to lecture courses and other agencies for the promotion of intelligence, good taste and rational lui joyment among the people of Whitewater and vicinity. " Its members must l)e stockholders to the extent of one or more shares. The meeting for the formation of the association was called at the residence of J. S. Partridge, November 12, 1877, when the constitution was adopted and T. D. Weeks elected President; Albert Salisbury, Secretary, and George W. Esterly, Treasurer. There has been no change in officers, except that Joseph H. Gushing now acts as Treasurer. Since the establishment of the lecture com-ses, none but the best talent - musical and literary - has been engaged. Such names as Wendell Phillips, Prof. Richard A. Proctor, Benjamin F. Taylor, INIrs. Mary A. Livermore, Eliza Cady Stanton, Paul du Chaillu, "Bob" Burdette, Gen. Kilpatrick, Helen Potter. Olive Logan, Litta Concert Company, Remenyi Concert Company, etc., etc., which have appeared upon them indicate the taste which is being ' - pandered " to. The lecture association is a great success, and every man, woman and child in Whitewater will subscribe to that declaration.

Walworth County Encampment, I. O. O. F., was organized December 7, 1865, with the . following charter members: Seymour Lewis, Oscar Smith, A. S. McCutchin, G. C. Rowed, E. F. Donnelly, A. H. Laurence and H. Johnson; R. H. Hotchkiss, Grand Patriarch, and L.

The people of WTiitewater commenced to agitate the temperance question at a very early day, and have continued in that course ever since. One of the first organizations was that formed November 28, 1847 - Rev. M. P. Kinney, President; E. Wakeley, Vice President; F. F. Fuller, Secretary; membenship, 107 - 93 men and 74 women. Eleven years from that period, it is recorded by one who follows these matters with a keen eye: "Of the men. only seven have openly and frequently violated their pledge, and, of the youth who signed, all but two are temperate and respected citizens."

active - Division, No. 131, Sons of Temperance and Crystal Fountain Lodge, No. 37; the latter was organized in October, 18S0, and ha.s a meniber.sbip of over tifty - Rev. H. Sewell, W. C. ; Mrs. Boltz, W. v., and E. Lavsrrence, Secretary. The stirring temperance revival under Dr. Tracy, in December of that year, resulted in the formation of a strong union - 900 members and a Band of Hope.

The Custer Rifles is a military company organized July 7, 1877. Its present membership is sixty-five, and its officers are as follows: Captain, J. E. Bassett; First Lieutenant, J. D. Hogaax; Second Lieutenant, J. Rogers.

Business Topics

In preceding pages, the business of Whitewater has been brought up to the building of its first mill and its first store. In the succeeding fall after the Bosworth store was built, Joseph and Benjamin Stanton purchased the good will of the proprietor, with his goods, and erected a frame building. I. U. Wheeler, with his sons Egbert and William, came in October, the latter building a blacksmith-shop and turning out steel plows. Patrick McLaughlin also opened a tailor shop. The next important addition to the business of the village was the brickyard which William Wood established on Dann's Addition, in the spring of 1841. He bui-ned 40,000 brick in his first kiln. Thomas K. Le Barron, a young man just of age, from Boston, bought out the Stantons in September; Philander Peck had a store build for him by that industrious mechanic, Mr. Powers, and others came to settle and help build up the young community. In the spring of 1842, Charles E. Curtice, then without the title "Captain," appeared as a new-comer, and went into the grocery business. In the fall of 1842, R. O'Connor became a respected resident of the village. He died in December, 1881. In the spring of 1843, O. A. Weed's wagon-shop was completed, and thereafter for years all struggling religious societies made its upper part a place of refuge. In the fall, Sheldon C. Hall, Henry C. Leffingwell and a host swarmed into the village. L. A. Winchester showed his form in the streets of "Whitewater - rather, over a blacksmith's forge - in the spring of 1844. He had erected a shop on Tripp's Addition, Lot 3, Block 1. By summer, he had worked up so good a business that he took Joseph Rogers into pai-tnership with him. Harvests had been good for several seasons, immigration was on the increase and many commenced to be attracted hitherward from other points in the county. Among others, Deacon William Potts moved in from Geneva. In the spring and summer of 1845, Dr. Rice, E. Wakeley (a lawyer) and J. L. Pratt, afterward the well-known wagon-maker and brave soldier, settled in Whitewater and became noteworthy additions. In the winter of this year, there came from York State two warm friends and men who made their mark - Sanger Marsh and J. S. Pai'tridge. They opened up with a stock of general merchandise. In 1847, George G. Williams bought some land of Norman Pratt, in Section 8, and went into the pottery business, while Rufus Cheney, of ^Milwaukee, became a fixture of Whitewater, going into partnership with S. C. Hall to build up a general trade. By 1850, a list of its prominent business houses and professional men presented the following appearance: General merchants, Peek, Keep & Co., S. C. Hall & Co., Marsh & Partridge, Rufus Cheney, Jr., Levi Powers, R. O'Connor; groceries, (Jaswell & Curtice, D. Giddings, Robert Campbell; saddle and harness-makers, J. Witting, Worm & Schenhart; tailors, P. McLaughlin, R. McBeath, A. Sentenn and J. Bonnell; Drs. Clai-k and Rice. Lee & Warne; lawyers. E. Wakeley. E. Brown and P. Cravath. In March of the next year. Messrs. Peck, Keep & Co. sold out to P. H. Brady, J. J. Starin and D. S. Cook, leaving for larger fields in Chicago. At (his time, the population of the village was between 700 and 800, but when the railroad was completed the next year, a depot erected, Edward Barber appointed agent, and all the signs were in preparation for prosperity and growth - why, prosperity and growth came. In June. 185'2, Mr. Peck's body was brought back here for interment. He had left for larger fields than either Whitewater or Chicago. The same year. Will iam De Wolf, who had been a resident of La Grange for over ten years, started out in his successful business career by going into partnership with Mr. Winchester in the manufacture of plows. They employed seven men the fu'st year, and their "power'' was one horse. The second year they put in a small portable engine, at which piece of recklessness many of their friends shook their heads, predicting ruin. In March, 1853, the old Tripp Mill was purchased by William Birge and the water-power much improved. In the summer, arose the magnificent " Emporium Block," "Warren Cole, proprietor. It was then the finest establishment in the village. J. T. Smith, L. W. Cutler and others were added to the business population about this time. Except for the slight setback of the cholera during the summer and fall of 1^54, the village continued on the up-grade until the hard times of 1857.

Dr. O. C. Magoon, who came to AVhitewater in company with Warner Earl, in 1S39, was a victim of the cholera year. N. N. Littlejohn, an important business acquisition, came to Whitewater and started a lumber yard in the fall of 1856. Not only in business but in politics, he has been one of the foremost. In the spring of 1857, two more lawyers were attracted to the village - N. S. Mm-phy and Edson Kellogg. The former is now a resident of Milwaukee; thelatter died in Whitewater October 20, 1865. A most important event for the manufactm-ing interests of the place occurred this year (1857). George Esterly, who had been manufacturing his reapers at Elkhorn and Racine, as well as at Whitewater, concentrated his whole business here, erected shops, moved his family to the village and became a permanent and most valuable fixture. Three large lumber firms were now doing a large business - Littlejohn & Co., Salisbiuy & Co. and G. Bunker. Previous to the hard times, it was a large shipping point for wheat, 165,00(1 bushels having been sent over the Milwaukee & Mississippi Railroad for nine months previous to June, 1857. The high prices and inflated business of war times followed so closely after this depression that Whitewater soon regained her lost ground. Although her growth since the war has not been remarkable, it has been steady, and she now possesses scores of substantial houses in all lines of trade.

Winchester d- Partridge Marnifucturing Company. - L. A. Winchester, the senior member of the company, and its President, settled in Whitewater in 1844. He established himself as a blacksmith in a small shoj) located on the ground now occupied by the present extensive works, and near the log house of his friend, Dr. James Tripp. Mr. Winchester took Joseph Rogers into partnership with himself, the connection continuing for three years. For the next five years, he stiu'dily pounded out his fortune alone. In 18'25, William De Wolf moved in fi-om Heart Prairie and engaged with Mr. Winchester in the manufacture of plows. The firm of Winchester & De Wolf employed seven men the first year, depending upon one horse for their "power." They made fifty plows and melted 1,000 pounds of cast iron per week. The business expanded so much that they put in a small portable engine the second year, at which many of their best fi-iends shook their heads, and ominous whispers of "ruin" went round. But additions were made to the works, as their patronage extended far beyond the limits of the county, and ghastly ruin may have grinned from afar, but kept his distance. In 1857, J. S. Partridge, who had been a resident of AMiitewater for twelve years, became a pai'tuer in the manufactory. He has retained his connection ever since, being now the Secretary and Treasm'er of the Company. In that year, under the energetic management of Winchester. De Wolf & Co., the business of the firm took a great stride toward its present high standing. In 1864, the manufactm-e of wagons was added to their list of goods, and new shops were built to accommodate the gi-owing demand of customers. The fh'st year's manufacture was 350 wagons. In 1867, Mr. De Wolf retired from the fh-m. and the business continued under Winchester & Partridge. In 1874, the Winchester and Partridge Manufacturing Company was formed, with L. A. Winchester as President, and J. S. f'artridge as Secretary and Treasurer. The manufacture of jilows has been discontinued, the company confining their efforts to the work of turning out farm, freight and spring wagons and the Osage corn and cob mill, which are unexcelled for dui'ability and convenience. Since the first year, the firm have manufactm'ed 70,000 wagons, and the rpiality of their work has been the means generally of raising the standard and lowering the price of these articles. From that small blacksmith-shop, buildings have sprung up which cover ten acres of ground, used for both manufactiu-ing and storage purposes. The main building is 250 feet in length, two stories. Since the manufacture of wagons was commenced, the " Whitewater Wagon" has acquired a world-wide reputation, being selected for several reasons, both by the United States Government and by the agents of the England's Northwestern BoTindary Expedition, for its great superiority over other makes. It has therefore been rightly branded " Government Standard." It was the only wagon to which a medal was awarded at the Centennial Exhibition. The company now employ 160 men. and the works have an annual capacity of 5,000 wagons, instead of 350. Over twenty tons of cast iron are absorbed weekly, and the lumber which is constantly carried in stock would fill 500 cai's. In a word, the Winchester & Partridge Manufacturing Company is one of several establishments which has di-awu an enormous amount of business to Whitewater and kept it here - an honor to the village and to the men who represent it.

George EsierJy & Son. - The senior member of the firm was bom in Ulster County, N. Y., in 1809 ; came to W^isconsin in 1836, and moved his family to W'alworth County in 1837. He commenced the manufacture of his "Header" for harvesting grain in 1844, on his farm in the town of La Grange, and took out his first patent in that year; continued their manufacture until 1855, when he brought out his hand-raking reaper. In 1856, he manufactured his reapers at W^hitewater, at Elkliorn and at Racine, Wis. ; in 1857, he concentrated his business at Whitewater, put up shops and moved his family here. As his business increased year by year, he added to his works, which are now represented by the following floors: Blacksmith-shop, 40x80 feet; foundry, etc., 40x70 feet; trip hammer, etc., 20x45 feet; wood-shop, 40x100 feet; machineshop. 40x100 feet; cari^enter-shop, 40x100 feet; paint-shop, 50x450 feet; warehouse, etc., 40x 160 feet; repair-room, 40x80 feet; steam fire-engine, 20x40 feet; pattern-shop, etc., 20x50 feet; office, 25x30 feet. In 1865, he brought out what is now so widely known as the celebrated Esterly Broadcast Seeder and Cultivator combined, of which this factory has manufactured more than 20,000. In 1870, he added his present self-raking reaper to his list. In 1872, his son, George W. Esterly, who had had chai'ge of the oflice for something more than ten years, was admitted as a member of the firm now known as George ^^sterly & Son. In 1875, they began to supply the public with their "no-canvas" harvester, with which they were, last season, unable to furnish more than half the niunber ordered. In 1880, they are introducing to the public the celebrated Appleby Cord-Binding Harvester, in addition to their other lines of machineiy. This firm now employ about KXt hands, and they put on the market this year goods to the amount of about $120,000. Their monthly pay-roll is about 13.500.

In addition to the above. Mi-. George Eaterly is now proprietor of the ^V^litewater Fm'niture Factory, which was organized in the spring of 1874. This is a large brick structure, 50x200 feet, having" three floors; also has a steam dry-house 40x60 feet, and a shipping-room and storehouse 40x60 feet, with two floors, in connection with the same. This establishment employs from seveaty-five to ninety hands and their pay-roll amouats to from §25,000 to §30,000 per annum, and their annual production from .$75,000 to $100,000. The product of these two establishments finds market all over the Northwestern States and Territories.

Since 1880, the shops of George Esterly & Son have been very much enlarged and the business greatly extended. The sales of both concerns this year will exceed $6)00,000, and, to keej) pace with the growing demand for their goods, will require the doubling of their present facilitie.s.

The D( Wolf Wire Chfli MaiiufacfitriiKj Companij was formed three years ago by AVilliam De Wolf and Son. An experiment was made with two looms, but the business was so successful that their new factory ^ow incloses twenty-four looms. It is a large two-story wooden building, 120x32 feet, over thirty-five hands are employed, the nature of the manufacture being wire netting for screens. This year 2,000,000 squai-e feet will be tiu-ned out of this busy establishment.

The Whitewater Paper Mills were built by Messrs. Tripp & Crombie in 1800. J. W. Denison and L. A. Tanner, present proprietors, came into possession of the property in 1866. The mills were destroyed by fire in 1868, but rebuilt the next year, and increased in capacity. They consist of a large two- story brick Viuilding. Some twenty hands are employed, f(_)rces being run night and day. The principal manufacture for the past two years has been brown wrapping-paper - between 3,O0O and 4,000 pounds being tm-ned out daily.

C. M. Brotrn d- Co., floiu- and feed mill. This is the old original Dr. Tripp Mill, with the additions made by William Birge, as noted. The wooden portion is 50x60 feet, two stories and a half, the stone portion, 40x50, built by W^illiam Birge in 1856, three stories and basement. In 1873, Mr. Brown came into possession of the property, forming a partnership with A. F. and G. S. Bridge, and later with A. I. Dexter in 1881. The capacity of the mill is 75 baiTels of flour and 100 bushels of feed per day - four run of stone. Its brands are "Our Best," "O. K." and " XXX."

Branch Mill. - This mill was Iniilt by Asapb Pratt in 1843, and operated by Ansil Salisbury and others luitil 1862. John Lean & Co. have been the proprietors for a nnmljer of vears. The mill and machinery have been greatly improved, the run of stone having increased from two to five since the property passed from Mr. Salisbm-y. This mill is situated a mile south of the village, but has an office in A\'hitewater.

Whitewater Brewery. - The original one-story brick building was erected by William Marshall in 1860. N. Klinger pm'chased it in 1864, and three years after commenced to make additions to it. His main building is now 42x48 feet, with a nest of smaller edifices near by. The capacity of the brewei'y is 2,000 ban-els of beer per year. Mr. Klinger also manufactures a small quantity of ale.

Carriage and Blacksmith ShojM. - Whitewater Union Works, E. J. Morey, proprietor ; M. M. Webb, A. & O. Fowler, W. H. Noyes, Henry Lingermann, J. McGill.

The early banking history of Whitewater varies little, from that of other sectionB throughout the State during the troublous times of 1857 and 1858. During that prosperous year - 1855 - A. Graham and A. H. Scoville opened an exchange and banking olKee in Bower's Block. But the most noteworthy attempts to establish permanent banking institutions in the village were those which resulted in the formation of the Merchants' and Mechanics' and the Bank of Whitewater. The former opened her doors to the public in August, 1857, issuing notes of $1 and $2 denominations. These first bank bills were covered with the figures, expressive of the denomination, in red ink. On the !$1 note, the vignette in the center represented an old-fashioned husking frolic. At the right end, the figure $1 had a train of cai's steaming past it below, passing evidently through rich farming land and brisk villages. At the left, a Goddess of Liberty and an Indian guarded another figure 1 from the skillftil counterfeiter, and under them the State arms appeared to awe him into a proper sense of his duties as an American citizen, to let the money of the realm alone. On the $2 bill, the central work of art was a farming scene. The figure 2 appeared over the face of the bill in various positions, but the left, a sailor and a girl - his wife, perhaps - his star - beamed upon the world, dividing a figure 2, as the sum-total of their perceptible possessions. The girl and her sailor was protected by the State arms. A. S. Scoville acted as President, and J. S. Partridge as Cashier. A brief career of a little over a year closed its sphere of usefulness, the Bank of Whitewater having in the meantime sprung into being under the patronage of S. C. & E. C. Hall. But on Api-il 4, 1865, this well-known firm failed for a large amount on account of an unfortunate " deal " in pork and the general decline of prices from the war standard. For twenty years they had been leading business men - foremost in all undertakings for the good of the village. Their faihu-e caused the susjiension of the bank.

The village, however, was not left without banking facilities, for, on January 1, 18()4, the First National Bank of Whitewater had ojiened its doors, with Sanger Marsh, President, and C Morris Blackman, Cashier; other stockholders, L. A. Winchester, J. S. Partridge, Willisun De Wolf, F. F. Farnham and J. A Allen. The first report made on that day exhibited as follows: Capital, $33,471. 15; liabilities, due depositors, $75.40.

The bank was regularly organized November 12, 1863. Mr. Marsh remained President up to October, 1873, when Mr. Blackman succeeded him. The latter gentleman has retained the l)osition to the present time. In the spring of 1864. the capital of the bank was increased $25,- 000, and, in July, of the same year, another $25,000. Its present condition is represented by the following figures, taken from the report of October 1, 1881 : Capital, $100,000; surplus, $33,-

The first hotel built in Whitewater was the Powers House, erected by Joseph and D. J. Powers in 1840, upon land donated by Dr. James Tripp. In October of that year. Freeman L. Pratt became its proprietor, biiilt an addition the next year, and called it the Whitewater Hotel.. In the summer of 1843, Jlr. Pratt rented the hotel to E. F. & S. Davis. Eli King, the next proprietor, sold out to S. Wintermute in 1850. Ten years thereafter, he enlarged the hotel and called it the Montorn- House. In 1865, Mi-. Wintermute sold it to G. A. Mosher, and, two years later, the hotel was burned to the ground. Upon its site, in 1879, Mr. Wintermute erected a two-stoi-y brick building, which he now uses as a livery stable. The "Whitewater exchange, now the Kinney House, was completed by Squire Parsons in July, 1842. Its present proprietor is O. G. Bunn. The Bowers House was opened in September, 1880 - J. C. Bowers, proprietor. The other hotels are the Courtland House, E. White, proprietor; the Whitewater Hotel, A. Cook, proprietor.

Railroad Communication

^ lln September, 1852, the Milwaukee & Mississippi Railroad reached Whitewater and supplied a long-felt want. This is now the Prairie du Chien Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul road. There was a probability that more direct communication would be opened with points to the north and south by the construction of the Wisconsin Central Air-Line, in

1857. How this project and all other railroad schemes affecting Whitewater and the county at large finally tvu-ned ont has been fully explained in the history dealing with general county topics. The old scheme - the Wisconsin Central, and later, the Chicago & Northern Pacilic - is now vigorously revived in the Chicago, Portage & Superior Line, which is expected to run from Superior City to Chicago via Chippewa Falls and Portage.

NATHAN H. ALLEN. He was born in Mercer, Kennebec Co.. Me., June 23, 1808; is the sou of John and Susan Allen. He was brought up a farmer. When 19 years of age, he moved to Orono, Penobscot Co.. where he engaged in the lumber business. He subsequently became interested in banking, and for several years was President of the Orono Bank. He was elected to the Legislature of Maine in 1852. He was married, in Orono. Nov. 3. 1836, to Miss Charlotte Read, daughter of John Read. FoTir children were born to them - Lauraette, died Julv 30. 1855, aged 17 years; Margaret C. is the wife of D. M. Platte, of Red Cloud, Neb.; May R. is Mrs. Edward Morris, of Savannah. I. T. ; Harriet R. died in infancy. Mrs. Allen died April 9. 1852. Ml-. Allen was married again, May 3, 1853, to Mrs. Maria F. Frees, widow of Benjamin M. Frees, whose death occiu'red Dec. 6, 1846, at his home in Orono; they were married Dec. 5, 1844. Mrs. Frees had one child, a son, Benj amine M. (see sketch.) She is the daughter of Col. Samuel and Mary Buflfum, and was born in Palermo, ^Valdo Co., Me.; her father was an officer of the war of 1812. In 1856, Mi\ Allen closed up a prosperous business and moved to ^^'isconsiu, in hopes of benefiting his wife's failing health. They made their home in Mom'oe. where Mr. Allen engaged in the lumber business, which he continued till August, 1863, when he moved to Whitewater. On coming to this place, he entered upon his former line of business - lumber - and continued it until 1874, when he sold out and retired from active business. They have one child by their pi'eseut marriage, a son, Charles F., now a limiber merchant of Guide Rock, Neb. He is man-ied to Miss Alice M. Buitows.

GILBERT ANDERSEN is a native of Norway, the son of Anch-ew and Sarah Gulbrandsen; was born in Norway Sept. 4, 1838. He came to America in 1853, and directly to Whitewater, where he has since resided. In 1862, he commenced in the clothing business. He carries a good line of ready-made clothing, hats, caps, gents' fm-nishing goods and merchant tailoring; also, agent for steamship lines to and from Europe. He was maiTied, in Whitewater, Wis., Feb. 14, 1865, to Ellen C. Falk, daughter of J. Falk. Mrs. Andersen is a native of Norway, and came to America in 1864. They have one sou and foiu- daughters - Albert J., Ida S., Emma M., Emilie and Clara.

HARVEY ARVESON, dealer in and manufactm-er of boots and shoes. He was born in Norway May 28, 184] ; is the son of Hans and Ester Aiweson; came to America with his parents in 1844, and directly to Whitewater, where his father pm'chased a farm five miles south of the village, where his mother still resides. His father was engaged in fai-miug there till his death, which occurred Dec. 29, 1873. His farm consisted of 280 acres of land. Harvey Aiweson continued on the farm till he was 25 years of age. He then spent some years in clerking and farming alternately, till April. 1879, when he embarked in his present business. He has a wellstocked store, and employs a number of workmen. He was married, July 4, 1871, at Elkhorn, to Carrie, daughter of Christian Mason. Mrs. Arveson was born in Norway, and emigrated to America in 1845.

SYLVESTER BARNS, grocer, was born in Stonington, Conn., Feb. 22, 1823; is the son of Amos and Margaret Barns. When 10 years of age, he moved with his parents to Central New York (Oneida County). He was brought up a farmer, and also learned the carpenter and joiner's trade. In 1855, he emigrated to Whitewater, Wis., and for ten years worked at his trade in that place. He then engaged with the Winchester Manufacturing Company, under contract, on wood work, and continued that connection fifteen years. In April, 1881, he entered upon his present business, that of grocer and dealer in provisions. Mi*. Barns has never been an office seeker, the public positions he has held being that of Village Treasurer, and one of the Board of Village Trustees. He was married, in Westmoreland, Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 7, 1848, to Miss Cornelia E. Parker, daughter of Ephraim Parker. They have two daughters - Carrie

LEWIS BENNETT, farmer, Sec. 16; P. O. Whitewater; has 120 acres; was born in Homer, Cortland Co., N. Y. When 3 years of age, he moved to the town of Cortland; and 19 years old, to Tompkins County, where he made his home till 1848, when he moved to Wisconsin and made his home in Whitewater and engaged in the chain-]nimp business, being the first to introduce that style of pumps into use in Wisconsin; followed that business about three years; made his home in the village of "Whitewater till 1866, excepting one yeai- spent on a farm. In 1866. he moved to his present fann, on Sec. 16. He was married, in Palmyra. Wis.. Nov. 2, 1850, to Miss Mary A. Kriger, daughter of John Kriger. Mrs. Bennett was born in Ontai'io, Canada, and came to Wisconsin in 1846. They have three sons and two daughters - Alfred S., Eliza A.. Alvin C. Jessie H. and Clarence B. Alfred S. married Ella Peacock, and lives in the town of Whitewater; Eliza A. is the wife of Winfield Kanouse, of Livingston Co.. Mich. Mr. Bennett served in the late war as a Government employe in the engineer's department, at Nashville, Term.

SETH M. BILLINGS, deceased, was born in Rutland, Vt., in 1814; was brought up a farmer. He was married, Feb. 16, 1835, to Miss Lena Markle. In 1839. he emigrated to Whitewater. Being a man of excellent business ability and executive talent, he was frequently called upon to accept positions of public trust and honor. He was elected Sheriff of Walworth County, and served during the term of 1861-62. In all matters of public interest, he was active and liberal. In his private and social life, he was courteous, kind and generous. He was a conscientious member of the Congregational Church. His death occnrred Jan. 18. 1880.

GEORGE R. BIRGE, farmer, Sec. 2; P. O. Whitewater; has 80 acres in \Vhitewater and 40 in Cold Spring; was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., Oct. 14, 1819; is the son of Elijah and Mary Richmond Birge; learned the carpenter's trade, serving his time in Kinderhook, N. Y. ; worked at his trade in New York City several years; went to Sing Sing, where he was in charge of the construction of the south wing of the State Prison; came to Whitewater, Wis., in 1858, and engaged as a builder and contractor; had charge of the building of the first normal school at Whitewater; went to Chicago right after the great fire, and had charge of several large buildings in the rebuilding of that city. He also had charge of the building of the Bidwell House at Palmyra. Wis. In 1863, he purchased his present farm in Whitewater, but did not occupy it until 1876. He was man-ied. in Cohimbia Co.. N. Y., Nov. 2. 1841. to Miss Alice Palmer, daughter of Ahira Palmer. They have two children, a son and a daughter - William W. and Libbie M. In politics, Mr. Birge is a Republican.

C. M. BLACKMAN, President of the First National Bank of Whitewater, which position he has held since the fall of 1873. He was born in Bridgewater, N. Y., Oct. 10, 1833. He is the son of Alva and Almira Briggs Blackman; was educated at the Sauquoit Academy, Oneida Co., N. Y. He emigrated with his parents to Wisconsin in 1847, and made his home at Stoughton, Dane Co. In the fall of 1856, he engaged in the mercantile business, in which he continued seven years. In November, 1863, he moved to Whitewater, where he helped to organize the First National Bank, of which he was the first Cashier. He continued in that capacity till the time of the death of Mr. Sanger Marsh (its President), October, 1873, when he was elected President, and has held that position to this date - 1882. IVIr. Blackman was maiTied, at Whitewater, Aug. 10, 1860, to Miss Mary E. Billings, daughter of Seth M. Billings. Mrs. Blackman was born in Cleveland, Ohio. They have four- childi-en - Edith, Jessie, Mary and Thane M. Mr. Blackman is a zealoiis member of the Congregational Chm-ch, and has served fourteen years as Superintendent of its Sabbath school.

JOHN BORTLE was bom on the Livingston Manor tract. New York, Oct. 18, 1811; is the son of Richard Bortle. He was married, in Verona, Oneida Co., N. Y., Feb. 21, 1836, to Sarah Wood, daughter of David Wood. Mi's. Bortle was born inVerona. They had ni])e childi-en, of whom six are living - Sarah M. , now J\Ii-s. James Hackett, of Whitewater; J. Wilson, died Nov. 5, 1867, aged 26 years; he was a member of the 28th W. V. I., and served three years in the late war; Mary L. is Mrs. Warner Hadley, of Johnstown, Wis. ; Luther O. died March 4, 1848, in childhood; Almeda G. is Mrs. Wesley Saxe, of Whitewater Village; Almeron died March 3, 1848, in childhood; Rhoda is the widow of Vernon T aft, of Whitewater; Cecil O. married Mary

Cleland; lives at the old homestead; Oscar man-ied Eva McLeau, aud is a grocer of Whitewater. Mr. Bortle came from New York to Wisconsin in 1843, and settled on Sec. 32, where he still has a farm of 120 acres. He continued his residence on the farm till March, 1878, when he removed to Whitewater Village, his present residence.

CECIL BORTLE, farmer. Sec. 32; P. O. Whitewater; he has 40 acres of land, and his father 117 acres. Cecil was born in Whitewater. Wis., Jan. 7. 1850; is the son of John and Sarah Bortle; was brought up a farmer; married, March 29, 1877, in Lima, Rock Co., Wis., to Miss MaryCleland. daughter of James and Mary (Wilson) Cleland. Mrs. Bortle was born in Koshkonong, Jefferson Co.. Wis. They have one child, a daughter, Clara Belle.

JOSEPH C. BOWER, contractor and builder, and proprietor of the Bower House, a tirstclass hotel, and of Bower's Opera Hall. The Bower House was built in 1879; opened for business Sept. 9. 1880. The house is a fine brick and stone structure, fifty-four feet front on Main street, and 109 feet on Second street, 54x85 is three stories, balance two stories. The building contains forty rooms, exclusive of two tine stores fronting on Main street. Mr. Bower will increase the dimensions of the house the coming summer, so that it will be 54x144, raising the rear part and adding thirty rooms. The public hall known as " Bower's Hall " is a substantial brick and stone structiu-e, 100x75 feet. The hall proper is 100x44 feet 18 feet high, with stage room 20x44, exclusive of dressing rooms, aud has a seating capacity of 800 persons. The hall is supplied with six changes of scenery. This hall was built in 1870, on the site of the old ball that was built in 1850 and burned May 9, 1870. The subject of this sketch was born in Yorkshire, England, Dec. 9, 1821; is the son of William and Sarah Bower; came to America with his parents in 1827, who made their home in Dutchess Co., N. Y. They moved from there to Bridgeport, Conn., and from there to Derby. When of suitable age, he learned the machinist's trade, in Birmingham, Conn., where he served three years. He then emigrated to Wisconsin and located in Raymond, Racine Co., 1841, where he was engaged in farming till 1843. He then went to Milwaukee and learned the mason's trade, which he worked at three yeai's. In 1846, he came to Whitewater to help build the brewery at that place, since which time he has made his home here. Mr. Bower, by his enei-gy and enterprise, has probably done more toward the development of this town than any other one man. He has been the contractor and builder of a large proporticmof the brick buildings of the place, and at one time was the owner of twelve brick business buildings. He was man-ied, in (!old Spring, Jefferson Co., Wis., in 1853, to Miss Adelia A. Marsh, daughter of Jonathan Marsh. Mrs. Bower was born in Ferrisbui'g, Addison Co., Vt. They have four children, two boys and two girls, living - George W., Albert E., Emma and Nellie. Mr. Bower has served eleven years as Town Treasiu-er, and is the present incumbent.

PETER H. BRADY, deceased, was born in New York Jan. 3, 1821. When grown to manhood, he went to Illinois, and was employed as merchant's clerk in Aurora till 1841, when he moved to Whitewater, Wis., aud engaged as clerk in the general store of P. Peck, continuing under the firm of Peck & Keep, till 1848, when he was admitted as a member of the firm. This connection continued until 1851, when the firm was dissolved, and Mr. Brady entered into partnership with Jacob Starin and D. S. Cook in the same line. In 1857, he sold his interest to his partners, and bought into the Whitewater Founchy, with Allen & Powers, under the firm name of Powers, Allen & Co. He closed out his interest in this concern and went to Piano, 111., in 1865. Here he bought a half-interest with his brother Jesse in a fruit farm. As the climate proved injurious to his health, he sold out after the first year, and returned to Whitewater. He only surxived a shoi't time after his return, dying Oct. 10, 1866. During his residence in Wisconsin, he had various offices of public houor and tru^t. In 1858 and 1859, he was elected Secretary of the Wisconsin Central Railway. In 1863, he was appointed Postmaster of the Wisconsin Senate, and in 1864 was elected Assistant Chief Clerk of the Assembly. He was married. April 22, 1852, to Margaret U. Rameau. Two children were born to them - Howard R. and George P. The elder brother, Howard R., is conductor in the employ of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa F6 Railway; the younger. George, is a student of the Whitewater Normal School. Mr. Brady lost his wife in 1861. Her dea^h occiu'red Feb. 9. He was married again, Oct. 18, 1865, to Harriet A. Wilkinson, who survives him. One child, a daughter, was born of this marriage, named Anna C. Words of praise of the departed are too often hollow and mean- ingless; but in the present instance, space will not permit the writer to j>aj more than a passing tribute to the virtues of a most worthy man: Strictly conscientious and upright in all business transactions, genial and courteous in his intercourse with all, he was universally liked, and one of the most popular merchants that ever did business in Whitewater. In the words of one of his old partners - a gentleman whose good opinion is a compliment to any one - "he was a grand, good man."

ALBERT F. BRIDGE, of the firm of Bridge Bros., grocers and millers, was born in Jefl'erson Co., Wis., March 28, 1S54; is the son of Robert and Isabel Bridge. He was educated in the common schools, and at the State Normal School of Whitewater. In 1876, he engaged in the grocery business at Whitewater with Edward Engebretsen, under the firm name of Bridge & Engebretsen, with store located at Bower's Hall Block. This connection was continued until 18711, when it was dissolved by mutual consent, and Mr. Bridge began business at the corner of Center and Second streets, which he continued until 1881. In January, 1881, his brother George entered the firm, and it has since been known as Bridge Bros. They carry a full line of staple and fancy groceries, crockery and queensware, and do an extensive business in farm produce. They have a large refrigerator in connection with their establishment, which enables them to handle perishable produce to advantage. They are also interested in what is known as the Stone Mill of Whitewater, of which they own one-third. A. F. is equally interested in a similar store to the ^^'hitewater which is located at Marshalltown, Iowa, his jiartner being his brother Charles, who is in charge of the business.

BYRON BROWN, of the firm of Brown & Hoi loway, mi ller.s. Fall River, Columbia Co., Wis., resident of Whitewater, was born in South Bristol, Ontario Co., N. Y., May 20, 1827; is the son of Joseph and Sarah Brown. In early youth, lie entered his father's mill, where he learned the miller's trade. In March, 1850, he came to Delavan, Wis., and engaged as miller with E. F. & J. Mabie, of that place, and continued in that mill thirteen years. He was married, at Bergen, Genesee Co., N. Y. , Sept. 9, 1855, to Amelia T., daughter of Luke and Susan Taylor. Mrs. Brown was born in Delavan, Wis., Oct. 12, 1837, being the fii'st white child born within the limits of the town; and in 1803 Mr. Brown bought the tlouring-mill at East Troy, which he operated until 1866, when he bought the Stone Mills at Whitewater, in company with John Lean. One year later, he bought IVIr. Lean's interest, and operateii the mill alone until May 12, 1873, when he sold a half-interest to C. M. Brown, and went to California in comjiauy with his wife, retiu-ning after a few weeks. In 1876, he sold the balance of the mill to Girdon Montague, of Geneva, and went to California in company with two of his daughters, one of them, Allie, an invalid, who, they were in hopes, would regain her health from a change of climate. But alas! the disease had made too much of an inroad on the poor girl, and, in less than two and one-half years, death saved her from further pain. Mr. Brown retimied to ^^'hitewater in 1877, and, in 1878, bought into the Stone Mills again; continued in business at Whitewater until June. 1881, when he sold out and bought the Fall River Mills, at Fall River, Columbia Co., in company with John Holloway. where he has since continued in business. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have had nine children - Carrie A. ; Alice M. , died in California, aged 20 years; Nettie A. is the wife C. H. Sproat, of Dakota; Fred E., Ada L., Dean M,, Eva M., Edna E, and Helen T.

CHARLES M. BROWN, of C. M. Brown & Co., proprietors of Stone Mill. He was born in Schohai-ie, Schohai-ie Co., N. Y., Dec. 17, 1840; is the son of William B. and Mary H Brown. When 5 years of age (1845), he came to Walworth Co., Wis., with his parents, and made his home in the town of Walworth. He was brought up on a farm until 1860, when he began learning the miller's trade in the Big Foot Flouring-Mills; was there one year, and then went to Eau Claire, where he engaged in the same business. From that time till 1873, he operated as a journeyman miller in various places. May 12 of that year, he bought into the Stone Mills, and has continued the business to this date. He was married, in Walworth, June 21, 1862, to Miss C. M. Douglass, daughter of G. L. Douglass. Mrs. Brown was born in Walworth. They have had four children. Glennie, a son, died when 2 years of age; Alice A. is aged 14 years; Willie D., 12; and Grace A., 7 years.

OTIS G. BROWN, lessee of the Kinney House, was born in South Bristol, Ontario Co., N. Y., Oct. 11, 1834; is the son of Joseph and Sarah Brown. He was brought up a farmer, and emigrated to Wisconsin in 1854; located on a farm near Delavan, Walworth Co.; was married, in Delavan, July 4, i860, to Miss Frances A. StQwell, daiigbterof Israel Stowell. Mrs. Brown was born in Delavan, Wis. They have had three children - Nellie, Cady and Herbert. Oady died in infancy. Mi'. Brown moved to Darien, where he was engaged in farming eight years. In the fall of 1872, he moved to Whitewater, where he has since resided. He has served as Marshal of Whitewater one year, and as Constable live years. In 18S1, he leased the Kinney House, which he is keeping at this writing, and, by his superior management, has made it one of the popular hotels of the place.

BULKLEY, CRANDALL & CO., dealers in dry goods, carpets, groceries and crockery. This firm was organized January, 1882, and are successors to Gallt, Bulkier & Co., which firm was organized January, 1876, and were successors to Gallt, Birge & Co. The business was fu-st started by Orlando Gallt in 1855, in a wooden store situated on the present site of Bower's store block, near the post office. There he did a general merchandising business (see sketch of Mr. Gallt). Mrs. Helen M. Caine, daughter of Mr. Gallt, represents the Gallt interest in the present busiaess. The fu-m now occupy the tine corner store in the Bower Hotel block, corner of Second and Main streets. Their salesroom is 85x30 feet, and thoroughly stocked with everything in their line. Four clerks are employed. Brownell Bulkley, senior partner of the above firm, was born in Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y., Aug. IS. 1844; is the son of Samuel and Phoebe Bulkley; while (juite young, moved with his parents to Madison County. He was educated at the Union School of Fayetteville, Onondaga Co., and began his business life as a merchant's clerk in Cazenovia. After six years' experience, he was given general charge of the business, and, in addition to a stated salary, was allowed an interest in the net proceeds of the business. He continued in this business eight years under the above arrangement, making foui'- teen years in all that he was with the house. He was married, June 3, 1872, at Cazenovia, to Miss Amelia M. , daughter of Amli'ew J. Crandall. Mrs. Bulkley was born in Owego, N. Y. They have one son, Robert C.

JAMES BURTON, of the firm of Barton & Dewey, dealers in hardware, tinware and stoves, -was born in Maloue, Franklin Co., N. Y. , April Ki, 1821; is the son of Ciu'tis and Phebe Burton; was educated in the public schools and in the Western Reserve College at Hudson, Ohio. His father was a tanner by trade, and proposed to make the son adopt the same business; but, on becoming informed that it was very distasteful to him, he gave his consent that his son might seek some more congenial business. So, at the age of 15, he struck out for himself. He went to Ohio City, now a part of Cleveland, where, on noticing an advertisement for a boy to learn the printing business, he applied at the office of the Ohio City Traujicn'jit, where he was engaged, and served two and one-half years. At the expiration of that time, he entered the office of the Oliio Ohf;errei; at Hudson, Ohio, where he was employed two years. He then attendinl the Western Reserve College at this place. Before completing the course, he had an opportunity to become proprietor of the Ashtabula St'iitiiicl. which he published thirteen years. In 1853. he came to Milwaukee, Wis., and engaged as salesman with the wholesale house of Ball & Gooili'ich; was in the employ of that tirm twenty-eight years, twelve of which he was traveling for said firm. On Nov. 2-1, 1879, he engaged in his present business with Mr. Dewey.

LUTHER CADMAN, carpenter and builder, was born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., Jan. 18, 1810; is the son of George and Desire (Bebee) Cadman; when 14 years of age, moved to Mayfield, Montgomery Co. ; came to Whitewater in the fall of 1843; was actively engaged at his trade of carpenter and builder; built a large proportion of the early structures, including the second chiu-ch in the village; built the American House and kept it twenty-two and a half years, beginning in 1853; was carpentering nine years, farming two years; went to Nebraska in May, 1878, and returned to Whitewater in March, 1881. He was married, April 3, 1836, in Fulton Co., N. Y., to Miss Maria Miller, daughter of Fred Miller. Mrs. Cadman was torn in Montgomery County. They had four children, of whom two sons only are living - George and Charles. George married Celia McKinley, and lives in Nebraska; Charles married Louisa Carpenter, and lives in Whitewater. He was a member of the 4th W. V. C. , and served two and a half years, till the close of the war. Mrs. Cadman died Feb. 28, 1880. When Mi'. Cadman came to Whitewater, the whole town constituted one road district. There are but two or thi'ee men now livingr in the village who were there when he settled in the iilace.

JOHN M. CLARK, deceased, was born in Pawlett, Rutland Co., Vt., March 3, 1803; was the son of Ozias Clark, who was an early settler of that county. He was brought up a farmer; was married, iu Granville, Washington Co., N. Y., in 1837, to Miss Julia A. Beckwith, daughter of Harry Beckwith. In 1845, Mr. Clark, in hopes of bettering his fortunes, came to ^^'isconsin and' selected a site for a farm in the town of Whitewater, Walworth Co.; returning to Vermont for his family, he moved to the new home in the West in the spring of 1840. He had secured a tractof land com j)rising 800 acres, situated on Sec. 7 and adjacent section. This tract embraces some of the finest land in this fertile region. The following year, Mr. Clai-k bought a flock of 270 thoroughbred Merino, or hue-wool sheep, which came from Connecticut, and thus laid the foundation for that branch of farming which has since developed to such an extent that the town of Whitewater and vicinity is at this writing the center of attraction for the sheep-breeders of Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Clark had three children - two sons and a daughter. The oldest son is Henry B. The daughter, Frances, is the wife of Judge C. R. Gibbs, of Whitewater; the youngest son, Charles M., is a farmer, and owns the old homestead in Whitewater. Mr. Clark continued to farm successfully on the wisely chosen location till the time of his death, which occiuTed May 18, 1864. No words of eulogy are necessary to refresh the memory of friends and neighbors as to the many sterling qualities of the deceased, but as this work is intended for a record, as well for the coming generations as the present, it will be proper to state that he was an enterprising, thrifty, ujiright citizen, who was always right on questions of public interest, liberal in encouraging the support of schools and churches; a zealous member of the Congregational Chiireh, his liber^d donations and generous example aided in securing the success of that society: a modest and unassuming man, he won and deserved the friendship and esteem of all who knew him. In politics, he was first a AVhig, and, on the organization of the Republican party, became one of the most earnest supporters of its policy.