Lander, Wyoming - The Resources of Fremont County, Wyoming, 1891 ...

The Resources of Fremont County, Wyoming, 1891 ...

Lander lies at the foot of the Wind River range of the Rocky Mountains, at an elevation of about 5000 feet above the level of the sea. Through the town flows the Popo Agie River, its source in the Rocky Mountains, the melting snow from whose lofty summits form a crystal flood whose waters enrich the fertile valleys below, by means of irrigating ditches. There is thus guaranteed to Lander a water supply, which for volume, purity, and wholesomeness is not surpassed by that of any other mountain town. The town is surrounded by level plains of unequaled fertility on one side, while on the other are mountains more lofty and grand than those to which Jehovah descended to transmit the divine law to man. On the south and west are the grand and sombre Rockies whose cloudcapped summits lift themselves into the regions of eternal snow. In massive strength, they tower so high that their crown of white is never tainted by the dust of the earth. In their ribbed walls they hold silver and gold, iron and copper, and the springs, which give life to the valleys and make the blooms of June and the harvests of September possible. These are in plain view of Lander. Words cannot convey an adequate conception of her picturesque and awe inspiring surroundings. The original Townsite contained one hundred and twenty acres, which was platted in 1883. In 1884 the Amoretti Addition was platted. In 1885 the Patten Addition was laid off. Each of these additions contains forty acres. Most of the lots in the Original sight and the Amoretti, and Patten additions have been sold, and last year forty acres more were laid off into lots, streets and alleys. Patten's addition lies soulh and Amoretti's north of the Original Townsite, all joining. Few lots are left for sale in the original townsite or either of the two first additions. Lots that sold a year ago for from $50 to $75 are now worth from $100 to $150. Lots that sold for $500 two years, ago cannot now be bought for three times that sum.

The main street of Lander is one hundred feet wide and is crossed by four streams of pure, clear water. Excellent water is found in wells at a depth of from five to fifteen feet. The river has a fall of 100 feet to the mile, thus making a system of waterworks by natural pressure eminently practicable. The town is incorporated, and has elected a full corps of officers. E. Amoretti, the founder of the town, is Mayor, H. M. Forlow, E. A. Earle, D. J. Jones, and Frank Kerwin are the Councilmen. An enumeration of the census last year shows a population of 516. Double that number would be considered a low estimate today, and there is not a vacant house in the town. Its situation and surroundings bid fair to make Lander one of the most important commercial and manufacturing centers of Wyoming. Few towns ever had so many natural advantages, or such a favorable location. It is the recognized center of this vast territory of farming, grazing, mining, and oil country. Industry and capital have always yielded ample rewards. In close proximity to the town there are mountains of excellent building stone, including granite and marble. Within one mile of the court house there is a mountain of red sandstone equal if not superior to that of the famous Fort Collins quarry. The banking house of Amoretti & Parks, and Baldwin's stone business block were built of stone taken from this quarry. In the Baldwin block the mercantile firm of Baldwin & Earle have their store. The banking firm of Noble, Lane & Noble carry on their business in the same block. In less than two miles of the town there is an inexhaustible quarry of gray sandstone very similar to that of the famous Rawlins quarry. The stone in the public school building and in the catholic church was taken from this quarry. It is an excellent foundation stone and is extensively used for that purpose, as is also the red sandstone east of town. Within five miles there is a deposit of Alum showing a vein 14 feet thick with an exposure of 500 feet on the face, extending back into the mountains indefinitely. The deposit is underlaid by a vein of coal six inches thick. By this Alum bed there is a never failing spring of good water. In the immediate vicinity of Lander, Gypsum or Plaster Paris is found in such quantities that at the rate of 1000 carloads a day it would require more than a century to reach the end. Other precious and building stones are found in the vicinity Lace agate lies in ledges and can be cut into all shapes. It is a valuable stone for table tops, mantles, and house decorations. When polished it bears a striking resemblance to lace curtains. Gray and red limestone are seen here in great red and gray mountains. All the trades and professions are well represented. Most of the secret societies have their organizations here. There are churches and schools, Teachers and Preachers, Lawyers and Doctors, Merchants and Mechanics, Laborers and Capitalists. There are five large general stores each of which carries an immense stock. There are two drugstores, two banks, one hardware store, one furniture store, two millinery stores, two boot and shoe shops, two hotels, one restaurant, two lumber yards, one planing mill, one saddle and harness store, three livery and sale stables, two jewelers, one opera house, one brewery, one flour mill.

The Lander brewery, during last year turned out about $15,000 worth of its products. The climate and soil of these valleys are well adapted to the production of grain used in such an establishment. Everything used in the manufacture of its products is grown here except hops, and they can be successfully grown whenever the demand will justify it. The brewery of M. J. Crowley & Co. has all the appliances and advantages of similar establishments elsewhere. It has been under its present management less than three years and is turning out at the rate of 500 barrels of beer per year. At the average price of $20 per barrel, this would give $10000. If shipped in from the outside it would cost $15000, which is thus annually retained in the county. Were there sufficient transportation facilities, the Lander brewery could increase the amount of its product and command an enormous trade throughout the territory.

Our people are justly proud of the Lander flouring mill. It was built entirely with Lander capital at a cost of $20000. The building is 42 feet in length by

32 feet in width, and is four stories high. The lower story is of stone, the second and third of brick, and the fourth a mansard roof. It has a capacity of 60 barrels per day. Its machinery is turned by steam power. Petroleum taken from the lake south of town is used as fuel. The machinery is that known as the Edw. P. Allison, round reel and centrifugal bolting, full patent and roller system. Three grades of flour are made, the "Imperial Crown", the "Straight Grade", and the "Roundup". The flour is equal to the best Colorado or Nebraska manufactures. An average of 10000 barrels of flour per annum are consumed in this county, which at the retail price of $8 per barrel gives $80000 annually retained amongst us instead of being sent to Colorado and Nebraska manufacturers. A cash market is thus created for all the wheat grown in our valleys, whose grain is equal to that grown in the famous wheat district of Washington and Oregon.

Last fall the farmers built a custom mill on North Fork River three miles west of here. Its machinery is equal to that of the Lander mill. It is the full patent and roller system and its flour is equal to that of the best manufactures.

The brewing establishment of Wm. H. Spaulding is also located on the North Fork River, three miles west of Lander. It has been in operation but a short time.

No other section of the American continent is attracting so much attention as the oil fields of Wyoming. Lander is in the geographical center of the greatest oil field yet discovered. There are fourteen oil springs in less than twenty miles of Lander. Six oil wells have been put down in this field, and a company is now forming to put down a gas well in Lander, which will be completed in less than a year. It is no idle prediction that in the near future these oil fields will make Wyoming the Pennsylvania of the west. What Lander will then become, it does not require prophetic vision to see.

In the way of building material there seems to be nothing wanting in this region. The clay is peculiarly adapted for making the finest brick, and thousands are burned annually for use in public buildings and private residences. The deposits of building stone are marvelous in extent and value. All the lime required for use in building is burned within two miles of town. While this industry has not been extended beyond the local demand there is opportunity for expanding it to any proportions and exporting lime to the growing cities throughout the territory as well as those to the states east of us which now obtain their supply from the Mississippi valley. It will be seen that our industries have grown up entirely without outside aid or support. There is in all probability no locality in the United States possessing such resources in this respect, none in which elegant buildings can be constructed so cheaply. The rough material is on the ground and all that is wanted is labor and skill to place it in the structure.

The advantages offered to start new manufactories, the glittering ore that lies waiting in the hills, our vast oil and soda deposits, our great grain fields, our beds of gypsum and alum, our mountains of iron and coal, our inexhaustible quarries of building stone, - these and a hundred other things make up the foundation of our faith.

Climate Sunshine All The Year

This is not a tropical climate but the winters here are rarely so severe at any time that one cannot labor all day in the open air without any coat on. Building is sometimes carried on throughout the winter with the exception of a few of the severest days. The winters rarely last more than two or three months, and the entire winter season. is interspersed with mild, sunny days. The cold, western winds are broken off by the Wind river range of the Rockies, and the valleys and plains of Fremont county have a climate in winter with which none can reasonably find fault. It is mild and salubrious in winter and temperate in summer. The spring opens early in April and continues all summer, when the bright, warm days of Indian summer set in and linger till the holidays and sometimes till the middle of January. Sudden changes of the temperature are less frequent than in the Atlantic states in the same latitude. There are no hot winds to parch the earth and cause suffering and damage. The heat is not great in summer, and the cold is brief in winter. Cases of sunstroke are almost unknown. Gentle breezes are blowing night and day. The nights are cool in midsummer, and the weary toiler wakes up in the morning refreshed and buoyant, ready for his day's work.

Climate has a direct bearing on health. Sunshine strengthens and quickens. This is a region of almost perpetual sunshine. Cloudy days are few and rainy days are fewer. Mud is rare though it is not unknown. There are no malarial vapors to poison the air. There are no protracted seasons of gloom, such as are common in the low countries along the Mississippi and the Atlantic coast. The sunshine is brighter as well as more constant, yet when it pours down its summer rays, the atmosphere does not broil. There is always coolness coming with the night. Sleep is thus induced, and sleep is rest, and rest is medicine. In the spring the warm winds cause the snow to melt, as if some magician had bidden it disappear. All this has its bearing on the possibility of leading an outdoor life. Surely this is the ideal clime.

It is no difficult task to write an apostrophe to health, for everyone knows that its value is above rubies. And yet it is sometimes wantonly thrown away. Nature, however, has so endowed a favored portion of her realm that weary mortals may gather there and have brought back to them, in a measure, the prize they cast away. The entire Rocky Mountain region is a sanitarium. It has the sun, the mountain breeze, the crisp, mild air, which combine to invigorate and heal. There is no magic in the healing wrought by a mountain summer, yet it recalls the days when the weak were made strong by the laying on of hands. Simply marvelous are the transformations wrought by it. There is no magic in the springs bursting from the mountain sides, though the ignorant noting their cures might well ascribe to them a magical power. "The empire of climate", it has been said, "is the most powerful of all empires." This airy empire has been the subject of many learned essays, but none of them are so convincing as the roses returning to the wanest cheek, or the dragging step once more light and buoyant. This region will soon be known as an all-theyear-round resort. It deserves to be thus known. The invalid reaches a point, especially if his disease is pulmonary, where a sojourn here means a new lease of life to him.. If he delays coming it will soon be too late. When he passes a certain stage, the higher altitude of the mountains will hasten a fatal termination, as surely as before that point is reached it will avert it. The thought may very properly occur that the outdoor life here suggested would be most conducive to sound health. Such, indeed, is the case. The conditions are favorable to such a life. The beauties of nature prompt it, and the climatic features make it agreeably possible. The air is very dry. Rain is rare. The dry air prevents the decay of matter that would ordinarily become putrid. It acts in the same manner upon diseased lungs. The altitude at which consumption is unknown is variously placed, but above five thousand feet it becomes exceedingly rare. The expansion of the chest caused by deepened respiration, brings into use a portion of the lungs before virtually idle. Thorough ventilation of the lungs prevents decay and death. Who should come to the Rocky mountains for climatic treatment? This climate is not a cure-all. There is no trademark blown on the bottle and no one exacts a royalty. The weak-lunged and asthmatic should come by all means. With them there is involved length of years, and capability of enjoying them as they go by. They can be relieved ; more, they can be cured. It is only extreme cases that are not greatly benefited. There is no human system which worked down to a low tone is not built up by a sojourn on the plains or beyond them. It is like a change of diet. The blood goes bounding through the veins with renewed vigor, the chest expands, the cheeks glow, and the whole man is transformed. When to come is a question largely of convenience. Come to escape heat or cold. Come when you can. Every season has its advocates. Some prize the mild winters of an altitude of five thousand feet : others the cool summers. What to do is a query of great scope. You can suit yourself, treat your own case. You may enjoy the blessings and benefits of civilized life, and the daily papers, or plunge into the fastnesses of the timber mountains, wander in canons where you are utterly alone, scale hights that have never been scaled, hunt where game is plenty and fearless of man, where human foot has never trod, where human voice was never heard, where civilization has set no mark, and worship the God of nature in Nature's haunts. Sleep under the clear skies which summits seem to pierce, and drink from streams pure as nectar, bathe in springs which are for your healing, take long draughts of the air which carries the spirit of health upon its noiseless wings. You will hardly know yourself, and once back, your friends will hardly know you.

Nothing on earth is so highly prized as the blessing of health. Without it there is no real pleasure, and the brighest intellect, the keenest wit, the most richly stored mind, without the accompaniment of health must know that "failure" will be written of its efforts.

Warm Springs

On the Shoshone Indian Reservation, near Fort Washakie, and about fifteen miles from Lander, the county seat of Fremont county, there is a famous hot spring. It is of oval shape 320 feet long and 250 feet wide, Its average temperature is 149° F. The mineral held in solution are medicinal, and many white people go there, as the Indians did before them, for treatment. There is ample room to swim and bathe. Bath houses have been erected and special provision made for the accomodation of bathers and health seekers. Shower, tub, Turkish, and Russian baths may be enjoyed. In fact, you can bathe in any language. A bath in this water produces a delightful sensation. A fifteen minutes plash makes the old feel young again. The water is slightly impregnated with sulphur and is perfectly clear.

At the mouth of Big Horn canon there are dozens of these springs bubbling out of the rocks and leaping down the mountain side, some of them very small, some nearly as large as the one at Fort Washakie. About three miles from the mouth of the canon, and about two hundred feet back from the Big Horn river and fifty or sixty feet above it, there is one of these springs which sends forth a stream of water sufficiently large to turn a mill. It sends forth a volume of water twenty times as great as the warm spring near Fort Washakie. These springs sending forth their steaming and smoking liquid over boulders and precipices, through deep canons down the mountain side to the river below present a scene of rugged and sublime grandeur rarely equaled. There are many more of these springs in other parts of the county, and ere long when we have a more dense population and better railroad facilities these springs and their healing properties will be better known and frequently resorted to by those in search of the lost treasure.

Present And Prospective

The most important agency in the development of our resources is cheap and quick transportation. With the railroads now building in this direction Fremont county will not long lack these great aids to its commerce and industries. The natural products of this county, such as coal, iron, timber, building stone, oil, soda, and the agricultural products will require and support large transportation facilities, and it may further be noted that the county is so situated that no other great continental system running east and west can be established without crossing this county. There is now establishing a great north and south system following in a general direction the Rocky Mountain range from Mexico to Montana. One of these, the Wyoming Midland, has secured the right of way across the Shoshone Indian Reservation, and will enter this county not far from where the Big Horn River crosses the Montana line, and will follow along that river as close as practicable till the Popo Agie is reached. It will be built along the valley of the Popo Agie to Lander, which for a time will be the terminus.

The Elk Horn and M. V. has under construction its main line through central Wyoming, on its way to the Pacific coast. It is now completed to Casper and the indications now are, that it will be built to Lander in less than a year. It now delivers freight and passengers in Lander.

The Pacific Short Line now building from Sioux City to Ogden will be running trains along the Sweetwater valley in thirty miles of Lander in less than fifteen months.

The Billings and Clarks Fork and Coock City railroad is proposed to run from Billings on the Northern Pacific, through the Yellowstone Park, and connect with the Wyoming Midland. This will give us a direct route to the Yellowstone National Park.

The Union Pacific has a projected line starting out from Fort Steele, and following down the Platte river to near the mouth of the Sweetwater, then running in a northwesterly direction by way of Lander, and then up the Wind river to the continental divide, and down the Yellowstone into the park, where may be seen the culmination of all that is wonderful, grand and majestic of Nature's handiwork.

When these roads are completed Lander will at once take the place which her situation and surroundings destine her to occupy in the world of commerce. She will stand in the very front rank of Rocky Mountain towns as a railroad, manufacturing, and commercial centre.

The Western Wonderland

Were it possible to station oneself on some great elevation and look out over Wyoming and Fremont county, a vision of sublimity and grandeur would lay before him which he could never hope to describe. Before him he would see mountains lifting their summits into the regions of eternal snow. Broad, rolling plains, sunlit and beautiful, valleys filled with nature's wealth, bold bluffs and foothills, deep gorges and canons would stretch out before him. Elevated plateaus and natural parks would meet his sight and charm his gaze. The Western Wonderland would lie before him. The western border of Fremont county is made up of vast mountain ranges - the Wind river and Shoshone ranges, the main range of the grand and sombre Rockies. In this range lies the dome of the Rocky mountains. The eastern, central and northern portion of the county are depressed and in places are from 10,000 to 11,000 feet lower than Fremont's peak. Such a view would be like a book whose real gems of worth are only brought fully to light by a second reading. Indeed it would be a book, with plains and valleys for the preface, deep gorges and rolling foothills for the opening chapter, while the parks and mountain peaks thicken and enrich the happy plot. Each chapter of the volume would gain in interest. Hills and mountains would be its pages, and rocks and trees its type, and its illustrations by the Artist of Artists. The beholder if never before silenced, would stand before such a display, looking down in cloudland, mute. It is something to know that the world could not duplicate such a scene. Many peaks of great altitude overlook the plains and valleys of Fremont county. Among them are Fremont's peak, 13,760 feet above the level of the sea : Wind river peak, 13,400 feet; Index peak, 11,500 feet; G-ras Ventre peak, 11,570 feet; Atlantic peak, 12,700 feet; Yount's peak, 11,700 feet; Washakie Needle, 12,253 feet; and many others of less altitude.

Switzerland has its Alpine mountain ranges and their accompaning features of nature, which command the admiration of tourists from all lands. So, too, has Wyoming its Alpine ranges in the Rocky Mountain chain, which, with its collateral offshoots and spurs, rise in lofty grandeur throughout its domain. Its snowcapped peaks, its valleys, basins and plains are marked with many wonderful curiosities, wrought by the hand of nature, through the various elements at its command, which tell us of the long ages of the dim and distant past. The wonderful power of these elements, atmosphere, heat and water in their various relations, is here demonstrated in the upheavals, the depressions, the deep, rockcut canons, awe inspiring cataracts and beautiful cascades, fantastic, rocky monuments carved from mountain ranges, by the erosive and glacial action of ages past. Mounds, buttes and dunes rise with artistic symmetry, as though human skill had formed them rather than the action of the drift. These with the water courses that flow from mountain ranges down through deep valleys and canons, falling over rocky ledges for hundreds of feet, across grass covered plains with numerous lakes embosomed on the high plateaus, slopes and bases of these ranges, present features more wonderful, more grand, more sublime than any other region on this round earth.

There is no locality known on the globe where culminates such a grand display of nature's wonders as in the Yellowstone National Park-its mountains, valleys, rivers, lakes, canons, geysers and other interesting objects. It is rightly named "The Great Wonderland."

The Public Lands

The number of acres which can be legally taken up by a single citizen is 1,120. This amount comprises an exercise of rights under the desert land act, which permits 640 acres, on which crops cannot be grown without irrigation, to be taken up by the citizen upon his reclaiming the land from the desert and cultivating it. A married woman may also get possession of 640 acres, under the same act, thus enabling a married couple to control 1760 acres.

There is plenty of good land left in Fremont county to be located by settlers. Farmers can pasture their stock on government land free of expense. Colonies contemplating coming to Fremont county to take up land are advised to send a representative to make selections of locations, thus saving the individual expense of hunting for a suitable place.

Government Lands And How The Same May Be Obtained

Titles to government lands in Wyoming may be acquired by virtue of the homestead, pre-emption, timber-culture, desert, coal land and mining laws.

The Homestead Law

The qualifications required are, that the applicant shall be a citizen of the United States, (or has declared his intention to become such : ) over twenty-one years of age, or the head of a family.

Fees and commissions for 160 acres are $16.00 minimum, and $22.00 maximum (outside and within the railroad grant), payable when application is made.

Homestead and pre-emption settlers on unsurveyed lands are allowed three months after the filing of the township plat of the survey within which to put their claims on record. When application is made to enter a tract of land upon which applicant has not established a residence and made improvements, the affidavits must be made before the Register and Receiver of that land district in which the land is situated; within six months from date of entry he must establish actual residence upon the land, and reside there continuously for the prescribed period. Homestead entrymen have three months from date of settlement in which to make entry.

When actually residing on land, the application to enter the same may be made, and affidavits sworn to, before the Clerk of the Court for the County in which the applicant is an actual resident. The period of actual inhabitancy, improvements and cultivation required under this law is five years.

A Union soldier, or sailor, of the late war is entitled to a deduction from the five years of the length of time (not exceeding four years) of his military service. But the soldier (or his widow as the case may be) must actually reside on the land at least one year before final proof can be made.

Final proof can be made in five years, but must be made within seven years from the date of entry. The settler, before making such proof, must file with the Register of the proper land office a written notice of his intention so to do, which notice will be published by the Register in a newspaper nearest to the land, on which the settler seeks to make proof, once a week for six weeks. Affidavits and proof of compliance with the law must be made before the Register and Receiver, or before the Judge of a Court of record for the County, State, or District and Territory in which the land is situated. In absence of Judge, proof may be made before the Clerk of Court.

Final payment for 160 acres is $6.00, minimum; $12.00, maximum. If so desired, a homestead entry may be changed into a pre-emption, or, a pre-emption into a homestead, by the filing of proper papers in the land office.

Pre-Emption Law

Every person being the head of a family, or widow, or single person over the age of 21 years, and a citizen of the United States, or having filed a declaration of intention to become such, who is not the proprietor of 320 acres of land in any State or Territory, and who has not abandoned his residence on his own land to reside on the public land in the same State or Territory, is a qualified pre-emptor.

The fee for filing a declaratory statement is $3.00. If the land is unsurveyed at the time of settlement, the declatory statement must be filed within three months after the date of filing the township plat in the local land office. Proof of residence and cultivation and final payment shall be made within thirtythree months from date of settlement.

Notice of final proof must be made in the same manner as that of homestead proof, and before the Register and Receiver, or Clerk of County Court or Court of Record for County in which the land is situated. The pre-emptor is required to take oath that he has not previously exercised the pre-emption right ; that he has not settled upon and improved the land to sell the same on speculation, but in good faith to appropriate it to his own exclusive use and benefit. Final payment is made at $1.25, minimum, and $2.50 maximum.

Timber-Culture Law

The applicant must be the head of a family, or if single, over the age of 21 years, a citizen of the United States, or has declared his intention to become such. He is required to take oath that his entry is made for the cultivation of timber and for his own exclusive use and benefit ; that he makes the application in good faith and not for the use of speculation ; and that he intends to hold and

When 160 acres are taken, at least five acres must be plowed within one year from date of entry. The second year the said five acres must be actually cultivated to crop or otherwise and another five acres must be plowed. The third year the first five acres must be planted to trees, tree-seeds, or cuttings, and the second five acres actually cultivated to crop or otherwise. The fourth year the second five acres must be planted to trees, tree-seeds, or cuttings, making at the end of the fourth year, ten acres thus planted to trees. Entry fee and commissions on original entry are $14.00, and final fees and commissions are $9.00. Final proof may be made after the timber has been cultivated for eight years. Proof may be made before the Register and Receiver, or Judge, or Clerk of Court of record in the land district in which the land is situated. It must show that not less than 2,700 trees were planted on each of the ten acres, that they have been protected and cultivated for not less than eight years, and that there are then at least 675 living and thrifty trees to each acre.

Desert Land Law

"An act to provide for the sale of desert lands provides for the reclamation of such lands by conducting water upon the same," and "that all lands exclusive of timber and mineral lands which will not, without artificial irrigation produce some agricultural crops," "shall be deemed desert lands within the meaning of the act."

The applicant must be 21 years of age, (or the head of a family) a citizen of the United States (or have declared his intention to become such.)

One section, or 640 acres, can be taken by any one person under this act. A party desiring to avail himself of the privileges of this act must file with the Register and Receiver a declaration that he intends to reclaim the tract of land applied for by conducting water thereon within three years from the date of his declaration. He must show a knowledge, as must his two corroborating witnesses, of the land derived from a personal examination. The declaration and affidavits of witnesses may be made before the Register and Receiver, or before the Judge, or Clerk of a Court of record of the County in which the land is situated. Depositions of applicant and witnesses in making final proof must be taken before the same officers. Notice of final proof must be made in the same manner as in homestead, pre-emption and timber culture cases.

When application for entry is made, 25 cents, minimum, or 50 cents, maximum, per acre, must be paid to the Receiver, and at time of final payment, $1.00 minimum, or $2.00, maximum, an acre. The affidavits made must show that water has been conducted by ditches, or otherwise, upon each and every legal sub-division of land upon which final proof is sought to be made.

Coal Land Law

Every person who is the head of a family, or if single over the age of 21 years, and citizen of the United States, or has declared his intention to become such, is entitled to enter 160 acres of land under the coal land law. The price for same being $10.00 per acre when the same is situated more than fifteen miles from any completed railroad and $20.00 per acre when within fifteen miles of such railroad.

An association of four persons severally qualified as above, and who have expended in working and improving not less than $5,000.00, may enter 640 acre of land including such improvements. Within sixty days after date of actual possession and commencement of the improvements of the land, there must be filed with the Register of the proper land office a coal declaratory statement ; and a fee of $3.00 be paid to the Receiver.

Fremont county contains mountains of iron, and generous deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, mica, tin, soda, cinnabar, sulphur, gypsum, borax, salt, asphaltum, kaolin, asbestus, magnesium, graphite, slate, granite, limestone, sandstone, marble and other decorating and building stones.

The scenery of this county is unsurpassed. Meadows and great natural parks are encircled by lofty and majestic snow-capped mountains, their sides covered with forests, innumerable streams, great water falls, and extraordinary and fantastic rock formations and other grand and beautiful scenery.

Timbucto City is near the oil wells eight miles from Lander. It is laid off into lots, streets and alleys. The plat was filed for record Dec. 9th,. 1889. It contains a hotel, a machine shop, a feed stable, a blacksmith's shop, and the petroleum office of Mull in & Brown.

Otto is a growing and prosperous town on the Grey Bull river. For property or information address Frank Woods, Otto, Wyoming. It is in the midst of

No section of country was ever blest with such a multitude of natural resources as Fremont county. By the gravity of interest we shall turn from every land a tide of capital ' and immigration destined soon to roll out upon the world exhaustless treasures of wealth. We invite the capitalist and miner to our 4000 square miles of coal, to our vast deposits of soda, to our oceans of oil, to the illimitable treasures of our undeveloped mountains of gold, silver, copper, iron, marble and granite. We invite the manufacturer and agriculturist to the advantages offered to start new manufactories, to our great grain fields, and unequaled water power. We invite to our borders all who are in search of a genial climate, a fruitful soil, a hospitable people and an easy access to permanent independence. To bring them here is the purpose for which this pamphlet was written.

Good Bread

JAMES I. PATTEN offers for sale, at figures that will Insure the purchaser a very Large Advance within the next few months, $25,000 worth of Fine Residence and Business Lots in the very heart of the town of LANDER,

First Lauder Mm

,RIEND, lend us your ears, we will return them presently. You have gotten a good deal of information out of this book that you didn't have before. Not so! But you want to know what has been going on here this week, this month. You want to know whether they've struck oil in these new wells, and about the recent railroad reports, and how this county is getting along now. (This book was mostly written last spring, you know.) Well, if you want to know about these things send for recent copies of the Clipper, the leading paper of Lander and Fremont county. The publishers will be glad to send you a few, free, of course. Perhaps you wish to become a regular subscriber - we hope so - if not, all right, just the same. Anyhow, don't you think that the information you'll get out of the few coppies furnished you gratis will be worth the trouble of sending for them ? We do. Try it. Your name and address on one side of a postal does the business ; on the