Montgomery, Alabama - Official Guide to the City of Montgomery, Alabama, 1920

The Paragon Press

Qlie Tintagil Club xOisKes to acknowledge -wim grateful appreciation 4\e willing help and nearb? en- 4>usiasm witK wKicK it Kas met in its efforts to render a small service to its Kome ci^ in presenting this guide book to tke public.

Table Of Contents Settlement And Early History Of Montgomery

Montgomery is one of the most historic cities of the Union - known not only in this country, but across the waters - for men who lived here and for events that transpired here.

An Indian town Echau-Chatty meaning "red bluffs" once occupied the present site of the city. Towassa another Indian settlement was near by and within the memory of man. Six villages stood on the east bank of the river, all of which have been absorbed by Montgomery.

The sturdy companions of Hernando de Soto in company with that explorer, camped on the present site for a week in September, 1540. Another Spanish expedition visited the site in 1560. In 1715 the Frenchman, Bienville, headed an expedition up the Alabama river and built Fort Toulouse, a few miles above Montgomery.

These were but wanderers, but in 1716 a Scotchman, James Mc- Queen, built a trading post within the present boundaries and in 1785 Abraham Mordecai erected a gin, the first in Alabama, a short distance above Montgomery. There drifted in other traders, all of whom had Indian wives.

The first white man to build a home here was Arthur Moore. His small log cabin perched high on the river bluffs a few yards up the river from the station, has long since been undermined by the river and there is now no trace of the high embankment where Arthur Moore hunted wild game for his visitor. General Thomas Woodward, when he spent some days here in 1815.

Two years later the territorial government of Alabama was established. The prospect of protection under the new government proved an inducement to the tide of population then setting strongly southwestward. Fabulous reports of the fertility of the soil got abroad and a steady stream of settlers poured across from the land office at Milledgeville, Georgia, through the Creek lands into Alabama territory. Among these were two different types of pioneers. One under the direction of Andrew Dexter, a New Englander, was composed of educated but adventurous Yankee folks - the other of the flower of the Carolinas and Georgia. Two land companies were formed and plots laid out. The one under the direction of Dexter with the assistance of John Falconer, bought that part of Montgomery bounded by Scott, Jefferson, Court and Ripley streets. By the very modern plan of offering free lots he persuaded several traders to join his venture and proceeded to lay off his town. With a remarkable prophetic vision and with touching faith he reserved the crest of the most commanding hill for the future capitol. This man of broad vision waited thirty years for the fulfillment of his dream. This town was called New Philadelphia- - a name given by John Klinck.

In 1818 two more towns sprang up in sight of New Philadelphia. One was a mile down the river near what is now West End and was called "Alabama Town." This land company was under the direction of Gen. John Scott, Thos. Bell and Dr. Manning.

A third town immediately adjoining New Philadelphia was called "East Alabama." This was the part of the present city that is bounded by Court, Clayton and Goldthwaite streets with the river on the north. These people were from Georgia or the Carolinas.

In a year the two rival towns grew apace. In December, 1819, just a week before the State of Alabama was admitted into the Union, the two towns, New Philadelphia and East Alabama united into one town called by common consent Montgomery.

The county of Montgomery was named for Major Lemuel Montgomery, who was killed in the fight of General Jackson at Horse Shoe Bend, while the city was named for General Richard Montgomery, the brave young Irishman who fell at the head of the American troops at Quebec - each for a man who fell on the field of honor.

The executive officer was known as the intendant and the first one to serve was Wm. Graham. At this election 59 votes were cast, the total number of white males in the new town.

Guide To City Of Montgomery 7

The town meetings were usually held in the "counting-house" of John Gindrat, and in the minutes of these meetings it is often recorded that the Intendant and Councillors adjourned to some home for refreshments.

Lafayette'S Visit In 1825

The visit of Lafayette was an important event in the early days of Montgomery. No one was ever more deserving of honors, and none ever received more patriotic and grateful homage.

Guide To City Of Montgomery Old Lafayette House

side of the Chattahoochee River, which divides the two states, that the Alabama delegation assembled to greet their guest. General Thomas Woodward had charge of the committee, and Colonel Arthur Hayes, veteran of the War of 1812, was general manager.

On the east bank of the river General Lafayette was met by Chilly Mcintosh, son of a noted Indian general. With him were fifty Indian warriors, stripped naked and finely painted. They had prepared a sulky with drag ropes. The general was turned over by the Georgians to the Indians, who escorted him across the river. As the ferry boat reached the Alabama side, the Indians in two lines seized the drag ropes and drew the vehicle to the top of the bank. As the sulky came to a standstill the Indians gave three loud whoops.

General Lafayette was addressed by the Honorable Boiling Hall, who spoke the welcome of the Alabama delegation. Other speeches were made, among them one by an Indian called Little Prince. The Indians then played games which the General watched with keen interest.

The party came to Montgomery by the Mt. Meigs road, reaching the city on Sunday, April 3, 1825. The entire population of the town, and many of the people from the villages nearby had assembled to greet the famous Frenchman. The escort halted in front of the Capitol Square, whence they walked to the top of the hill. There Colonel Hall introduced Lafayette to Governor Israel Pickens, whose feelings on that occasion prevented him from making a speech ; but, as General Woodwards remarks, "Lafayette did not fail to perceive that the Governor was a great man."

Guide To City Of Montgomery 9

..hich had been engaged and fitted up for his accommodation. Every lady in town contributed something towards fitting up the apartment. The only Brussels carpet in town Mrs. William Harris and Mrs. John Gindrat lent to the committee. Mrs. Gindrat also lent a handsome mirror, now in the possession of the heirs of Mrs. Lucy Lahey.

All business was suspended during his sojourn and everyone was earnest in attentions to the only surviving general of the American Revolution. Arrangements were made for a grand ball on the night of April 4, 1825. The old Bell Tavern was selected as the place for the affair, since it was the finest building in the city. At that time the building was occupied by a boarding house on the lower floor and a school on the upper. It was in this school room that the ball was given.

On the night of the ball all the elite of the city gathered to do homage to their charming guest. The entertainment was the most elegant in the history of the town, costing the State of Alabama, $15,000. There was one drawback, however, to the enjoyment of the taller gentlemen. The ceiling was so low that they experienced difficulty in dancing.

General Lafayette was sorry to quit the ball room, but he was compelled to leave about eleven. He spent his last hour in Montgomery at the home of Mr. Gindrat, where he and several friends talked until twelve. Shortly after that hour he went on board the boat which conveyed him to Cahaba, at that time the Capitol of the State.

On the corner of Commerce and Tallapoosa Streets where once stood the old building known first as Bell Tavern, later as "the old Lafayette house," stands today the Nicrosi Biulding. On April 4, 1905, was unveiled a tablet which reads :

On this site stood until November 1899, the house in in which Marquis de Lafayette was given a public reception and ball, April 4, 1825, while on his last tour through the United States.

The D. A. R. erected another tablet in honor of Lafayette at what was originally Capitol Hill School. The ladies renamed the school "Lafayette School." The story runs that at a picnic given as part of the festivities in the general's honor, lunch was spread on the verj' spot where the school stands.

To those who care for old things, for the past, it might be interesting to make a pilgrimage to one other shrine of memory. On the old Line Creek Road, sometimes called the Mt. Meigs Road, is the old Wigglesworth home, beautiful in itself, and well worth seeing. There took place one of the many parties; and there, while Lafayette was being royally entertained downstairs, a son was born upstairs. In honor of the noble guest the child was christened "Lafayette Wigglesworth."

In the homes of many Montgomerians are mementos of the gala days of Lafayette's visit. It is our boast that "Lafayette danced with great grandmother this or that;" or that to great aunt he was pleased to pay such and such a compliment. We in Mont- gomery are proud to be still possessed of many of the families who were here in the early days. It is equally pleasant to look forward to posterity or back to our ancestors in this quaint old town.

On a green terraced hill facing Dexter Avenue. Montgomery*, stands the capitol of Alabama. The beaut}* of this fine old building is enhanced by its imposing site and the spacious grounds, embellished with flowers, shrubs, and trees.

The history of the building of the capitol is most interesting. When Montgomery-, then called Xew Philadelphia, was founded by Andrew Dexter, he predicted that the town would one da}* be the capital of the State. His prophecj- was fulfilled in 1846. Before that date. Alabama had been successiveh* governed from St. Stephens, her territorial capital: from Huntsville. her temporary capital: from Cahaba. her first State capital: and from Tuscaloosa. So. nearh* twenty-eight years of statehood had gone by before it became Montgomery's turn to build a State Capitol. The city lost no time: Stephen D. Bulton was chosen architect, the plans soon drawn, and the contract for construction awarded to Robinson and Bardwell.

In Xovember. 1847. the Secretary of State was notified that the new capitol was finished. He came over at once from Tuscaloosa, received the building, formalh* for the State, returned to Tuscaloosa, packed all the State archives in 113 boxes, and loaded them into thirteen wagons for transfer to Montgomery.

You who live in this da^- of railroads may smile at the picture of that old wagon train journeying slowly up Market Street (now Dexter Avenue) to "Goat Hill" (now Capitol Hill.) ProbabU- the next generation will be as much amused at our slow methods of transportation.

\Vhen the first session of the Legislature convened in Montgomer}'. December 6. 1847, there was an immense crowd at the Capitol for the event. A great jollification took place, but the season of rejoicing was brief. On December 14. 1849. during the second session of the Legislature, the Capitol caught on fire, and within three hours was a mass of ruins. Thus went up in smoke and flame, many soaring aspirations of little Montgomery town.

The present Capitol dates from 1850-51. The central part of it was built on the same spot as the first Capitol, and except for a few changes in dimensions, this central portion stands todajsubstantially the same in design as the Capitol of 1846.

The building has been enlarged three times. In 1885 the rear extension was built, in 19C3 the south wing was built, and in 1911 the north wing. Every effort was made to keep these additions in harmony with the original Greek type of architecture. For the south and north wings, plans of Frank Lockwood. Montgomery, were accepted. At that time Mr. McKim. of the prominent firm of McKim. Meade & White. Xew York, made a special visit to Montgomery to inspect the Capitol.

At the time of his visit, the Capitol was in its original form, except for the rear addition. McKim pronounced the old dome particularly- pure and beautiful in design. He also warmly praised the interior carved stairway. There is no visible support to this stairway, and hence it produces a charming effect of airy grace.

McKim declared the Lockwood plans to be in perfect harmony with the original structure. His judgment has been amply justified by the pleasing aspect of the present building, with its ample wings, lofty dome, and stately white-columned portico.

As one mounts the A\ide steps leading up Capitol Hill, the old clock above the portico tells one the hour. Long ago this ancient timepiece was the town clock of Montgomery, and it has been in its present elevated position since 1852. so it may be pardoned if its information is not always correct.

The visitor's attention is attracted by the old cannon and the flag pole on the lawn at the left of the steps. At the outbreak of the Civil War the cannon was sent to Montgomen,- from an old fort in Pensacola. Later on. it was mounted in its present place. The flag pole nearby is made from the flag poles of two Spanish ships sunk in the Battle of Santiago It Tas presented

Guide To City Of Montgomery 13

At the south end of the Capitol grounds, stands a handsome new flag pole, erected by popular subscription during the World War. Dedicated with impressive ceremonies, this flag pole has already become an object of special interest to visitors.

Many of the shrubs and trees everywhere adorning the grounds, possess historic interest as well as intrinsic beaut}'. The wonderful "Red Bud" or Judas tree, that blooms so gorgeously every spring near the Confederate monument at the north end of the Capitol, grew upon the battlefield of Shiloh. Nearer the same monument, is a small tree from the bloody ground of Gettysburg; and at the northeast corner stands a sycamore from Manassas.

Very recently, the Capitol grounds have been enriched by a gift of trees from various battlefields of France, where Alabauia soldiers fought so gallantly. These much-prized trees are planted near the Confederate monument.

Not far from these living memorials of famous battles, stands an elm tree planted by President Eliot of Harvard in 1909. As this distinguished educator happened to be in Montgomery on Arbor Day, the Federation of Women's Clubs persuaded him to commemorate his visit in this pleasing fashion.

Many shrubs from historic homes of Montgomery have been planted near the main entrance to the Capitol. Among these, is a sprig of laurel from the old Henry W. Hilliard Place, the original plant having been imported from Belgium. There are other interesting circumstances linked with the Capitol trees and shrubbery.

When the south wing of the Capitol was completed, the women of the Montgomery Flower Growers Association, as a labor of love, undertook to plant the adjacent grounds with flowers and shrubs representative of all parts of Alabama. The central part of the State is typified by azaleas and hydrangeas; the northern, by snowballs and peonies; the southern,, by magnolias; the east and west by cape jessamines and myrtles.

And for the whole State, bloom continuously the lovely roses in a spacious garden planned by the gracious daughter of the present governor and called "Anne Kilby's Rose Garden."

Confederate Monument

Some years after the Civil War, a few women of Alontgoniery met to discuss plans for a monument to the Confederate soldiers. These devoted workers, many of them "Belles of the 60's" formed the "Ladies Memorial Association," and for years worked imceasingly to secure funds with which to embody, in lasting form, ideals which they wished coming generations to love and venerate. The Confederate Monument, north of the Capitol, rose at last as the fulfillment of their dreams.

To add to the historic value of the monument, Jetferson Davis consented to come to Montgomery and lay the corner stone. This event took place April 29th, 1886.

The monument consists of a base of stones rising in steps to the shaft. On the four sides are granite figures which personify Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and The Navy. Suitable inscriptions in verse are on the pedestals beneath.

Our Confederate Dead (South) They wore the grey Their mighty deeds in this Brief Period Wrought ; Years of oblivion shall cover in vain. On the bronze shaft which rises seventy feet in the air, are depicted scenes from the stirring days of 1861-65.

At the top of the monument is a figure symbolic of Patriotism. The Confederate Monument is a tribute to the Confederate Soldier, but in the hearts of Montgomery people, it stands also as a reminder of the undying devotion of her women to the cause which thev held so dear.

Interior Of Capitol

In the spacious lobby of the Capitol are found grouped in cases on each side, the flags wreathed round in glory, the battle flags of the Alabama regiments. Most of them, now the property of the

Department of Archives and History, were returned after the Spanish-American war. The walls, the corridors, and the rotunda are lined with portraits of Alabama governors. United States Senators, leading educators, and world-famed physicians.

The Governor's office. Supreme Court offices and a very valuable law library, the Department of Health, Education, Agriculture, Child Welfare, Archives and History, and the Pasteur In-

Thk Skmmes' Flag

The Department of Archives and History, founded in 1901, by the late Thomas McAdory Owen, is maintained on the second floor in the south wing of the Capitol. The collections consist of portraits of the historical characters of the State, battle flags of the Confederate and other wars, specimen weapons of ail wars in which Alabamians have participated, Indian domestic arts and war implements, specimens of native birds and other fauna.

The anthropological collection is the largest south of Washington. Relics of especial interest are : The Bible upon which the oath of office was administered to Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America; a Ku Klux outfit, lone witness of the mysterious, invisible empire which did so much to maintain order in the dark days of Reconstruction; a key to the first Capitol of the State at old Cahaba ; a cannon that once fortified the old French Fort Toulouse constructed in 1714, at the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers, afterwards renamed Fort Jackson in honor of General Andrew Jackson, who camped there during the Creek Indian wars ; the oldest European relic in the United States, the breach block of a cannon from one of the Spanish vessels bringing De Soto to these shores only fifty years after the discovery of America.

The Library of the Department consists of Alabama, Southern and general American material. It is the Southern depository of all bound duplicate newspaper volumes assembled by the Library of Congress which relate to the Southern territory. It contains about 100,000 books, more than 30,000 pamphlets, 6,000 bound volumes of newspapers and periodicals going back of 1816. It receives regularly more than 500 periodicals. The department is custodian of all official records of the State.

The late Dr. Henry E. Halbert, antiquarian and authority on the Choctaw Indians, who was connected for years with this department left to it his translation of the Bible in the Choctaw language, an English translation from the French of Le Clerc Milfort's memoirs, and a manuscript History of the Choctaw Nation.

Among many portraits of the State's leading sons and daughters are found those of: Emma Sansom, girl heroine famous in Alabama history and literature, who risked her life to aid General Forrest and his men; J. Marion Sims, the well known surgeon; William L. Yancey, the orator of the Confederacy; Senators Morgan, Bankhead and Pettus ; General Joseph Wheeler; and Admiral Raphael Semmes, an authority on maritime law and commander of the famous ship, Alabama. Portraits which are the work of famous artists are those of: John McKee, Indian agent and member of Congress, by Benjamin West; Andrew Jackson, by Earle ; Judge William Crawford of Tuscaloosa and Mrs. Crawford, by Thomas Sully; Oliver Fitts, father of Mrs. William Crawford, by Rembrandt Peale.

The Activities of the Department are: To collect and preserve all historical data and material; to compile and edit historic documents ; to publish quadrennially an Official and Statistical

Inauguration Of President Jefferson Davis

Register of the State. Aside from his duties as head of the Department of Archives and History, the Director conducts a system of traveling libraries and takes a leading part in the promotion and extension of library interests in the State. He is a member of the Workman's Compensation Commission, Secretary of the Alabama Memorial Commission, Secretary of Alabama Building Commission, and member of the State Pension Board. The Alabama Historical Society, the Alabama Anthropological Society, and the Bartram Natural History Society are associated i)Ut not directly connected with the Department.

It is interesting to note that the plan of organization for this Department has been approved by the American Historical Society and that it has been adopted wholly or in part by the states which have since founded such a Department. It is to the late Dr. Thomas M. Owen that the credit for the conception and success of this Department is due. Mrs. Thomas M. Owen is his successor. Mr. Peter Brannon, who has been in the work since its foundation, is curator; Miss Mary R. Mullen is Librarian.

The visitor will be well repaid for climbing the many stairs to the dome of the Capitol. Official guides, all "veterans of the sixties," are always on hand to show the way, and after the passage through the old fashioned trap door, one is rewarded by a magnificent view of the city and surrounding country, blue hills, and shimmering rivers in the warm sunshine. Green pastures are not far away. Involuntarily, thoughts go back to the patriarch Moses, reviewing the Promised Land. Alabama is the land of Promise!

The Capitol

The Capitol of Alabama boasts a unique distinction; within its walls was born a nation. The city of Montgomery is known as the "Cradle of the Confederacy," and here was made and unfurled the first flag of the Confederate States.

After the completion of the Capitol Building in 1847, the little city of its habitation soon began to show on its ruffled surface traces of every storm that swept over the land. No other place took a more vivid interest in the heated debates in Congress over the fatal territorial problems thrust upon us by the Mexican War. General Quitman and General Shields, fresh from the conquests of this war, were given a public reception in the new Capitol.

Two conventions assembled between May '47 and February '48. These conventions bore a common relation to one purpose. They inaugurated the popular movement in the Southern States against the doctrine of the Wilmot Proviso, and they made of Alabama the pivotal state of the Confederate cause. In orderly succession of events, Alabama retained the leadership she then assumed - an inevitable sequence of events culminating in a federal organization of the slave states in the convention held fourteen years later in '61.

In 1852 the Legislature made an appropriation for a hospital at Tuscaloosa to care for the insane of the State. This was a step in work that came to be known all over the world. The first superintendent, Dr. Bryce, was the first physician to treat insanity as a disease.

From 1852-'59 the Capitol shook to its foundations. Yancey. Hil- Hard, Clemens, C. C. Clay and many other eloquent speakers, threshed out in the State, the vital issues that Henry Clay. Calhoun and Hayne were debating in the national capitol. Hotter and hotter grew the feeling, bitterer and bitterer grew the debates, ending finally in 1860-61 with the series of events which have made the Capitol at Montgomery historically famous the world over.

January, 1861, saw Alabama's famous Secession Convention. To this convention w^ent Wm. L. Yancey - a young man of great oratorical powers and sweeping convictions for State's Rights with a platform in his pocket, and it was adopted word for word. This, the famous Alabama platform, was the first formal resolution stating the view which more and more Southern men were beginning to hold, that neither Congress nor the Territorial Legislature had any right to prohibit slavery in the territories, but on the contrary, should protect it.

It was a time of tremendous excitement. State after state was seceding. Alabama being fourth, and all were sending delegates to Montgomery to form a new Confederacy. On February 4th, these delegates organized the Confederate States of America, of which Alabama became a member. A provisional constitution was adopted. Jefferson Davis of Mississippi, was elected President and Alexander Stephens of Georgia, Vice President. On February the 18th. Davis and his cabinet took the oath of office. A star on the north portico marks the exact spot where Mr. Davis stood during the inauguration. A large platforin was built directly in front, and here sat the first Confederate Congress with the Alabama Legislature.

The little city of 10,000 inhabitants was thronged with visitors from all the Cotton States. Some no doubt came by the old Montgomery railroad, which was opened up in the forties and apparently run by ante-bellum time, for one commentator says. "When the engine (made in Montgomery, it is interesting to note) gets out of fix, horses are substituted without hesitation or serious loss of time."

Jefferson Davis

On that fateful day, cannon boomed, steamboats at the wharves blew shrill blasts, church bells rang, and the Stars and Bars were flung from the top of the Capitol, announcing the birth of the new nation.

The old building then passed through the terrible days of pillage and reconstruction. A detachment of soldiers under General Smith came up from Mobile and encamped in the ('apitol. Their mules, taken from the surrounding country-side, adorned former Goat Hill. The story goes that a belle of the town went up to General Headquarters to identify her father's stock, and was told that if she would ride up Dexter Avenue with General Smith she might have the sleekest and fattest of the lot.

The convention of 1865, with all former law makers of Alabama excluded and negro voters in the ascendancy adopted a constitution abolishing slavery and the right of secession. 1875 saw a convention called for the purpose of remedying this constitution, which had not dealt with state finances, school monies, etc. In 1901 this later constitution had become unwieldly and out-ofdate, so a convention was called to amend it. The white voters had then come into their own and many vital questions were settled.

In 1886 Jefferson Davis, only President of the Confederacy, came to Montgomery. The old Capitol saw stirring days again, a loyalty touching and pathetic, was shown by the townspeople and crowds of visitors. A few years later, the President's body was brought to Montgomery and lay in state in the building where he achieved his greatest triumph. The Capitol was draped in black, tear-dimmed eyes and myriads of flowers showed the love and affection that modern Montgomery holds for Jefferson Davis.

In 1898 Alabama heard but indistinctly the roll of drum beats. A Spanish-American war was being fought and her sons were doing their share as citizens of this great Republic. Richmond Pearson Hobson, a brave veteran, came straight home after the war, and delivered his maiden speech in the old Capitol.

November 11, 1919, finds us a united nation. Governor Kilby stands on the Southern portico of the Capitol and receives returned soldiers from the great war. Again a great celebration takes place. Locomotives shriek, cannon boom, bells ring, soldiers clad in khaki tramp up historic Dexter Avenue. Medals are

White House Of The Confederacy

The first "White House of the Confederacy" stands on the corner of Lee and Bibb streets. In the days of the 60's this was a fashionable residence district, but the business section has encroached further and further upon it until the house is almost obscured from view. Garages and automobile warehouses now stand where once were old-fashioned gardens with stitT box hedges, magnolias and crepe inyrtle trees. The house will soon be moved to a more suitable location, the last Legislature having appropriated a sum of money for this purpose. It will probably be located near the Capitol where it will be preserved as a Confederate museum. The Jefferson Davis collection now at the Capitol, will ultimately be removed to the "White House of the Confederacy." This collection is of peculiar interest, alike to strangers and to those who revere the memory of the Lost Cause, containing as it does, the personal belonging of President Davis, many of which were taken froin his home at Beauvoir, Mississippi, and presented by Mrs. Davis. Among other relics in this collection is the table on which Mr. Davis wrote his "Rise and Fall of the Southern Confederacy." Other treasures are General Lee's compass, and President Davis's sword. The spread on the Davis bed was contributed by Southern women, each woman crocheting one shell.

This patriotic work of preserving the first White House of the Confederacy" is due to the untiring efforts of an organization of women known as "The White House Association" which for years has worked with this purpose in view. Its first officers were :

Bier Of Jefferson Davis

The house was built in 1840 by William Sayre, one of Montgomery's earliest settlers. He sold it to William Knox. George Mathews and Mr. Freeman were the next two owners. It then passed into the hands of Col. J. G. Winter, who- remodeled it and just before the war sold it to Colonel Edmond Harrison, Since the war it has belonged, first to William Crawford Bibb and now to the Tyson family. President Jefferson Davis and his family" occupied this house until the capitol was moved from Montgom- ery to Richmond. Life was very gay at the first "White House" for the South had not yet begun to feel the hardships of war and hope was high in every Confederate heart.

Official receptions were held after the Washington custom, at which gathered the most brilliant society of the South. An archway of lights encircled the door to give welcome to the guests.

Mrs. Jefferson Davis in her book says, "The house chosen for us was a gentleman's residence, room3' enough for our purpose on the corner of a street looking towards the Capitol. * * * We lived there over three months and the most brilliant levees held and the handsomest parties given while Mr. Davis was President of the Confederacy were given in that house."

The Exchange Hotel

The Exchange Hotel, a modern fire-proof building, stands on the spot made historic by the old Exchange, which was for more than half a century the center of the political and social life of Alabama. During the stirring days of the 60's history was made within its walls. From the balcony, Alabama's famous orator, William Lowndes Yancey, presented Jefferson Davis to the enthusiastic throng below with the memorable words, "The man and the hour have met." The first Confederate cabinet met here. President Davis using as his private office one of the small parlors of the hotel. The order to fire on Fort Sumter was issued from this building. The message was carried to the telegraph office, situated in the Winter building across the street by Mr. Phil Gayle. The Davis famih^ lived at the Exchange for several weeks until the "White House" could be made ready for occupancy.

When the capitol burned in 1849 the Legislature which was then in session held its meetings in the dining room of the Exchange. From that year to the present, its lobby has been the gathering place for the politicians of Alabama. Many famous statesmen, actors, and musicians have been the guests of the historic old hotel. Among them were Stephen Douglas. Grover Cleveland, Millard Fillmore, Booth, Barrett, Joseph Jefferson, Lotta, Rhea.

The old Exchange was built in 1846 by a company composed of Charles T. Pollard, Charles Crommelin, William Taylor, Frances Gilmer and others. Samuel Holt was the architect and J. J. Stewart was the first proprietor. Several years later it passed into the hands of Lanier and Son, who had associated with them A. P. Watt and later A .T. Givhan. The Lanier family have held an interest in the Exchange for four generations and here the gifted brothers, Sidney and Clifford, passed a part of their young manhood.

Sidney Lanier, musician and poet, brought all the music and romance of his soul into this old hotel as night clerk. Tradition says that guests of the hostelry were often awakened at midnight by heavenly strains of music. Stealing from his bedroom, each would find the rotunda crowded with eager listeners and the unconscious Lanier in the office, playing his flute.

The Cradle of the Confederacy Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederac3^ has placed a bronze tablet in the Montgomery street entrance of the Exchange Hotel, commemorating the historic events.

Wilson'S Raid

When the Civil War was drawing to a close the Federal General Wilson with his command of cavalry was sent on a raid through Georgia and Alabama - a section of the South left like many others, with only old men, women and children to defend it.

Reports of his deeds in Selma filled the people of Montgomery with alarm, since all knew that General Buford with his hastily organized militia was totally unable to oppose this force. Family silver was buried, horses and mules were sent to outlying plantations, and men wanted by the Federal government left town.

On the morning of April 11, 1865, General Buford left the city he was unable to defend, in order to spare it bombardment, taking with him all the military stores that it was possible to carry.

On the night of the eleventh, the city was a scene of feverish activity. Determined that nothing useful should fall into Federal hands, the people of the city gathered all the cotton together and placed it in warehouses near the river. That night the entire amount, eighty-eight thousand bales, was set ablaze. So intense was the heat of this fire that buildings nearby were endangered. The entire population assembled and formed bucket lines which kept the roofs of the threatened houses saturated, and the spread of the conflagration was thus prevented.

On the morning of the twelfth. General Wilson entered the city. He remained a week resting his command and collecting everything of value from the surrounding country. His efforts in this latter direction met with little success, due to General Buford's foresight and the sacrifice of the inhabitants, who destroyed everything rather than have it fall into Federal hands.

During their stay the invaders made themselves much at home. Tradition has it that General Wilson and his staff established headquarters at 440 S. Perry street, the place known as the Teague home. Soldiers camped on a vacant Court street lot where the Sophronia Apartments now stand.

The property of civilians was protected by many clever devices. One woman plucked about three quarters of the feathers from all her chickens, and informed all foraging patrols that they were suffering from a strange malady. In due time this particular flock was eaten in proper form by its rightful owners.

General Wilson accomplished little of military value during his stay. On the morning of the nineteenth he moved on to Tuskegee and thence to Columbus, Georgia, where he fought the last battle of the war. Here, as in Alabama, his path was marked by burning houses and devastated fields.

Historic Sites And Buildings

Where the present Post Office now stands on the corner of Lawrence Street and Dexter Avenue was the once-famous Montgomery Hall. It was here that the troops gathered before leaving for the Mexican war; here that the old stage lines discharged and received passengers, for this old hotel was the gathering place for central Alabama.

City Building Guide To City Of .Montgomery

Yancey, standing on the front steps of the old Alontgomery Hall, delivered his address of welcome to the returning heroes from the Mexican war.

In the present Post Office the Francis Marion Chapter, D. A. R. has placed a tablet containing the names of fourteen soldiers of the American Revolution, who lived in Montgomerj' County, Alabama.

The first church building in Montgomery was on the present site of the Court Street Methodist Church. This building was used by the different religious bodies as early as 1827, but was relinquished to the Methodists in 1830. This building was later removed to the corner of Holcombe and Alildred streets and was used until recently by a negro congregation, the church being widely known as "Old Ship Church."

There were several places on Dexter Avenue where slaves were auctioned off though the general method of trading in negroes was to buy and sell on commission rather than on the block. When an estate became insolvent, or had to be sold for a division of property, the slaves were brought to town to be sold at auction. For several days before a sale the negroes were on exhibit and it was the custom of the negro men dressed in bright red coats adorned with brass buttons to march down Dexter Avenue (then Market Street) and to mount a wooden platform on Court Square where they spent the day picking banjos, singing, and dozing in the sunshine. The negro women and children were usually kept within a building court street sometimes sat around on the benches in front of a slave market. The prospective buyers had every opportunity to question and examine the slaves before the day of the auction. Families w^ere usually sold as a unit for it was neither humane nor expedient to separate husband from wife or mother from child, and was seldom done.

The prices for an adult slave were from one thousand to five thousand dollars. Trained carpenters, brick layers, blacksmiths, cooks, seamstresses and maids brought higher prices than farm hands.

One of these slave markets was on Dexter Avenue where the Grand Theater now stands. There were two others across the street and a fourth on tlie corner of Lawrence and Monroe.

The Winter building which is now nearing its centennial is intimately connected with the history of Montgomery for it was originally the property of John Gindrat who in the early days of Montgomery was notably active in advancing its growth and prosperity. He served the town as Intendant (Mayor) and was President of the first bank in the city.

In the history of the Southern Confederacy this building is of especial note. In the sixties it was the home of the Western Union Telegraph Company and from their office, April 12, 1861, President Davis' order "Fire on Fort Sumter," was telegraphed to General Beauregard, at Charleston, South Carolina.

Union Station, Built 1S97

Beaux and belles the memory of whose wit and grace still lingers among all but the youngest generation of Montgomerians once thronged the narrow lobby on North Perry Street where now beets and onions, turnips and cabbages are kings. Through this present market place used to pass the members of the Joie de Vie Club, famous in the social life of the city's past, to group themselves, a glittering horseshoe, round the entire front row of the balcony.

The theatre was built in 1860. As it was on the direct route from Washington to New Orleans, the best players always stopped for a night or, in the older days, for a week in stock companies. Old stagers still love to talk of the eccentric, half mad John Wilkes Booth who was an even greater actor than his brother, Edwin. Growing reminiscent, they tell how at a midnight revel at Young's Cafe, then Fleming's famous resort for the wits of the town, Booth shocked himself and his friends into soberness by reciting the Lord's Prayer. Edwin Booth and Barrett played Othello here, Joe Jefferson his Rip Van Winkle. Few indeed were the stars of the American stage who did not come to the Montgomery Theatre.

This old theatre has a more intimate connection with the Southern National air, Dixie, than is generally known. Emmet had sung Dixie in New York, New Orleans and Mobile before he reached Montgomery. At that time Montgomery's small first orchestra was under the leadership of Mr. H. F. Arnold, of Saxonj', who still lives, now an honored citizen of Memphis, Tennessee. He was so impressed by Emmett's song that he went behind the scenes to request a copy. Emmett explained that as he had no knowledge of notes, the music had never been written. "Besides," he added, "the song has made no impression whatever in other cities." Mr. Arnold asked to hear the air again. Emmet obligingly strummed out the tune and there in the old Montgomery theatre Mr. Arnold wrote on the wall the music of Dixie. Later he wrote the score and presented copies to his orchestra. Dixie became the song of the hour. When Stephen A. Douglas visited Montgomery, Miss Maggie Mitchell, a well known singer of the time, was playing here in stock company. Dressed as the goddess of Liberty with an improvised flag of red and white flannel, she sang Dixie at the Douglas meeting. Enthusiasm was cyclonic in intensity. It swept the audience ofif its feet. When Jefferson Davis was inaugurated, the song was played up and down Dexter Avenue. It was played just before Mr. Davis stepped forth to take the oath of office at the Capitol. Dixie had become the war song of the Confederacy.

The first hospital in the world that was devoted exclusively to the treatment of diseases of women was located at 21 S. Perry street. Here, in a small frame building. Dr. J. Marion Sims began the work which made him famous throughout the civilized world.

Estelle Hall, corner of Dexter Avenue and S. Perry, and Concert Hall, adjoining on Dexter Avenue, were the scenes of brilliant ante-bellum balls. Here the inaugural ball was given to Governor

St. John'S Church

Houston and here too the Bachelors and the Benedicts, two clubs composed of the flower of Montgomery's men entertained until the call to arms in 1861. Here too the Joie de Vie Club danced the cotillion.

(Corner Madison Avenue and N. Perry Streets.) This is the oldest Episcopal church in the city. Here Jefferson Davis and his family attended worship. The pew which he occupied is on the right hand aisle, and is marked with a bronze tablet.

On the corner of Moulton and Clayton streets stands the old Pickett house the home of Colonel Albert J. Pickett, Alabama's famous historian. It is now Barnes School for boys.

The Madison House, on the northwest corner of Dexter Avenue and Perry street, was built in 1847 and was a gathering place for politicians and statesmen l^efore the War Between the States.

The Indian Queen Tavern, afterwards called the Globe Tavern, was on Dexter Avenue, adjoining the Dexter Avenue Methodist Church. Here in 1820 the people of the newly organized city of Montgomery met to celebrate their first July 4th with speeches songs and a torch-light procession. The building was destroyed by fire in 1830.

The old river landing was, in the early days, one of the most many visitors to his shop, among them being Joseph A. Gaboury, bile once a year the surplus from their plantations, and bring back supplies of sugar, salt, coffee, and the silks and satins that were not wanting in the costumes for the women of this frontier town. These were loaded on barges and poled up by hand, this heavy task consuming from fiftj^ to seventy days.

In the year 1821 a trial trip was successfully made by the steamer "Harriet" and the time reduced to ten days, including three days . spent at Selma and Cahaba. Great excitement greeted her arrival here, and during the afternoon a party of ladies and gentlemen enjoyed the novel excitement of a steamboat ride up the river. Soon the "Tensa," the "Cotton Plant," "Hard Cash" were added to the little fleet, and the Alabama river became a steady stream of commerce. The landing was owned by the city, and became a scource of great revenue, one vear the amount reaching as high as $50,000.

One of the most popular social pleasures of the past was boat excursions, and much of the romance of the town is connected with the moonlight rides on these old steamers, where the evening was spent in dancing and singing, and listening to the music of the caliope with which all the early steam boats were equipped. It was from this landing that Lafayette departed after his visit to the city.

Jt'Are Fot'Xtain

A municipality, like a person, has a heart from which radiate its main arteries. The heart of Montgomery is Court Square. It is formed by the intersection of two very broad streets of the former rival settlements - "East Alabama" and "New Philadelphia." The chief street of the former was Commerce, and of the latter Market (now Dexter Avenue.)

In order to settle a dispute between the rivals, for the location of the Court House, a site was chosen on the dividing line and the first county building was erected in what is now Court Square. Edward Mosely, Benjamin Davis, John Hughes, William Graves, and William LaPrade were the commissioners who made the selection on January 24, 1822.

In every county, public sales are conducted at the door of the Court House; but in Montgomery, notwithstanding the removal of the Court House, all public sales have continued to be held at the old site, where now stands a fountain.

This fountain, which was one of the early works of Frederick McMonnies, was erected in 1886. It was on exhibition at the Atlanta Exposition and the purchase price was seven thousand dollars.

It is the smaller duplication of the central part of a much handsomer fountain presented to the cit}- of San Francisco by one of her millionaires.

From Court Square are measured all distances from Montgomery. Wherever there is a mile stone on any country road, indicating the number of miles to Montgomery, it means the distance to the fountain.

First Electric Car And Court Street

The first electric trolley car ever known in the world's history was operated in Montgomer}-, Alabama in 1885. In an improvised shop in Detroit, Charles Vanderpool, a Belgian chemist, had discovered the use of electricity as a motive power and its practical application as a means of rapid transit. His discovery brought many visitors to his shop, among them being Joseph A. Gaboury, a practical civil engineer and horse-car operator, and at that time the chief owner of the street car lines of Montgomery, Ala., and Columbus, Ga. This meeting of Vanderpool and Gaboury marks the beginning of a new era in street car transportation. Gaboury made arrangements with Vanderpool for the installation of his invention in connection with the street car system of Montgomery. The machinery was planned and made in the shop of Vanderpool in Chicago, and set up in the shops of the street car company in Montgomery. At three o'clock in the morning of April 7, 1885, the trial run of the electric trolley car was made on Court street. The car carried about twenty passengers, Charles Vanderpool, the inventor; Warren Reese, the Mayor; Joseph Gaboury, the president of the company and promoter, and the most prominent citizens of Montgomery. Mr. Vanderpool held the controller and Mr. Gaboury's young son, now an electrical engineer, turned on the current.

Starting from the corner of Tallapoosa and Commerce streets, the car first groaned and crunched and then moved on through the business streets, up Court Street hill, from Court street into Grove street, up Grove street three blocks to Hull street and down Hull three blocks to Scott street. The invention was a success. The news spread quickly and many interested persons came from Europe and all parts of America to investigate the operations of the invention. Soon other cities installed electric car systems. Montgomery had the first; Windsor, Canada, the second; Scranton, Pennsylvania, the third; St. Joseph, Missouri, the fourth and Richmond, Virginia, the fifth.

The Aviation Repair Depot

The Aviation Repair Depot of Montgomery, Alabama, is located just west of the city between the Selma and Washington Ferry Roads. It consists of 329 ac^es of land and twenty-five permanent buildings erected at a cost of over a half million dollars. The Flying Field of the Depot, where the nlanes are air tested is the same field used by the Wright Bros. (Messrs. Orville and Wilbur) for some of their earliest experiments in the spring of 1907.

Rainbow Division, 1919

Construction started on the Depot on April 15th, 1918 and was completed on July 1st, same year. The first officer arrived at the Depot on July 1st and was quickly followed by fifty others, all trained in special schools for the particular kind of work for which the Depot was established; the officers were followed on July 21st and 25th by the four Repair Squadrons which were to make up the personnel of the Depot, these were the 882, 883, 879 and 880; the first two from Kelly Field, Texas and the latter two from Camp Greene, N. C. The total personnel including Medical Detachment was some 700 men. The Repair Depots were established to take care of major repairs to airplanes and airplane engines, it having been demonstrated that this work could be done at such a Depot to a much better advantage than at each individual Flying Field; therefore expert personnel was gathered together and assigned to the various Depots. Major repairs consist of the rebuilding of all wrecked planes and the overhauling of engines requiring complete disassembling.

Montgomery was selected for one of these Depots for many reasons, the most important being its central location to the many Flying Fields in the Southeastern States and its unusually good railway facilities.

Major S. M. Decker was the Depot's first Commanding Officer, and upon him fell the task of installing the machinery and organizing the personnel. Actual work of repairing did not begin until about September 1st, 1918 and the first completed job was turned out on September 15th, same year. The first work of the Depot consisted in the rebuilding of the Thomas Morse scouts that were destroyed by the hurricane at Lake Charles, La., at Gerstner Field in July, 1918. Other training planes, mostly Curtiss, made up most of the work until early in 1919 ,when there began to arrive at the Depot the advanced types of planes such as the De Haviland and Le Pere.

Major Decker was succeeded by Major L. R. Knight as Commanding Officer on December 14th, 1918, one month after the armistice was signed. After plans for demobilization had been completed and the men had actually been discharged, it became necessary to carry on the work with civilian personnel, with the exception of such officers as had decided to stay in the Air Service permanently. By March 31st, 1919, all enlisted men had been discharged and the Depot began operations with civilians, many of whom were discharged enlisted men and officers who had learned the airplane trade and were so fascinated with it that they elected to remain, practically all of them becoming foremen at handsome salaries ; these men all became citizens of Montgomery, adding a hundred inhabitants to the city, from almost every state in the Union.

In order to build up a peace time army that would not only be a protection to the nation but a betterment to its young men, the War Department adopted a policy of training young men who would come into the service, a trade so that they could go back to civil life at the end of one or three years, able to make a better living and be more useful citizens. This Depot was authorized to enlist young men with the promise that every man who so desired would be taught a useful trade and be paid a fair wage at the same time. With these inducements we enlisted 533 men at this Depot from the State of Alabama, being exceeded by only two other Air Service activities in the United States, one just out of New York City and the other just out of Chicago, the two largest cities in the U. S. A.

This Depot has rebuilt every type of Airplane used by the United States forces in this country as well as over seas, from the smallest Thomas Morse Scout to the super Handley Page, and engines from the little 90 horse power Curtiss 0X5 to the 400 horse power Liberty, including all makes of French. Italian, and even German types.

The Depot's machine shops are most modern, capable of making every part of an engine even to the smallest part of the very delicate instruments used by the pilots in their planes.

The Depot is a show place of Montgomery and is visited daily by people from all over the country, who in addition to seeing a great industrial plant, are thrilled with the wonderful flying which goes on continually during fair weather, flying still being novel enough to interest every one.

Knights Of Pythias Hall

On the right hand side of Dexter Avenue leading to the Capitol, several blocks nearer the city, stands the Knights of Pythias Hall. Erected not many years ago, it is a new and handsome edifice.

The Masonic Temple

The Masonic Temple is comparatively a new building. Substantially built of cream brick it furnishes a commodious home for the ^lasons of the State.

Carnegie Library

Within sight of the Masonic Temple the Carnegie Library may be found. Public spirited citizens of Montgomery succeeded in securing from Andrew Carnegie funds for erecting this beautiful building. French Renaissance in style, it is set back some little distance from the street and a broad walk flanked by grass (green the year round) leads to the entrance. Once inside, the visitor is impressed by the simple but handsome interior. When opened in 1904 this was the first free public library in Alabama. Modern and up to date in every respect, an extensive reference department and a children's department are maintained.

In agreement with Carnegie's terms, the library is supported by the city. Visitors are accorded every courtesy by the efficient librarian and her assistants.

The Masonic Home

The Masonic Home, situated on the Vaughn Road, is one of the most up-to-date institutions of its kind in the South. There are six modernly equipped, fire-proof buildings, consisting of main building, infirmary, school, and three cottages. Within these walls, 152 children, 40 women and 8 men find a home, with comfort for the old and education and training for the young. The corner stone was laid in 1911. The institution is supported by the Masonic Order and voluntary subscriptions.

Woman'S Home

A charitable and well organized institution, in its fortieth year, the Woman's Home furnishes shelter for widows, orphans, and old maiden ladies, who while they may be partially self-supporting, are not able to provide fully for all their needs. "The Home" has no endowment and though several legacies have been left the institution, it is supported chiefly by voluntary contributions.

The main building is not at all pretentious, but gives one the idea of comfort. Surrounding it are six cottages, built mostly as memorials. The grounds are spacious but not beautiful to any extent, a charity without large funds to draw upon can not spend money recklessly. It is the hope of those who have the interest of the Home at heart that some day there may be an adequate endowment. No more deserving charity than this can be found anywhere.

The Y. M. C. A. is housed in a building erected for this especial purpose. Thoroughly equipped, it affords a home for some, and recreation for many. There are reading rooms, gymnasium, swimming pool, and all else necessary to the convenience and pleasure of the members. Those in charge not only see to the business affairs, but look after the welfare of the men and boys who frequent the building. Entertainment of a wholesome kind is provided.

Y. W. C. A. Boarding Home

Diagonally across the street from the Carnegie Librarj^ the Y'. W. C. A. is located in a home that was once the residence of a prominent Montgomerian. It is well adapted to its present use and like the Y. M. C. A. is fitted up with comforts and devices for pleasure. Conducted on a plan similar to the men's organization, it provides business girls with a pleasant place to live. It is of interest that the marble mantels in this house were brought to Montgomery through the blockade established by the Federals during the war of secession.

Standard Club

An imposing three-story building provides the Standard Club, a Jewish social organization, with an elegant and spacious home. Reading and reception rooms are numerous. There is also a large banquet hall and a gymnasium. The house is handsomely furnished throughout and is the scene of many brilliant entertainments.

Elks Club

The Elks were fortunate enough to secure for themselves an ante-bellum home of beauty. The house is Colonial and with its broad veranda, adorned with Corinthian columns, is really majestic. Unfortunately, business has encroached upon the neighborhood, unsightly garages and other shops making the surroundings unattractive.

Beauvior Club

At the present time the Beauvoir, perhaps the oldest social club for men in the city, has no permanent home. For the convenience of the members, and on account of its proximity to the heart of the city, the entire top floor of the Bell Building was leased, some years ago, and here the club is still domiciled.

The name "Beauvoir" was selected because it was the name of the Mississippi home of Jefferson Davis, and not as you might suppose, from the view that can be had of Montgomery and surrounding territory from its windows. The city, the river and the lovely meadow lands across the Alabama are spread before you in true panoramic style. It is worth a visit to the Club to obtain this picture of Montgomery. The Beauvoir is noted for its beautiful balls and receptions. Another feature of the Club is the roof garden, where during the summer months members can take their families and friends for a delightful supper, away from the heat and noise of the ordinary cafe.

The Montgomery Country Club

The Country Club is situated about three miles southeast of the business section of the city. The Club House is built after the bungalow style of architecture and though not elaborate, is artistic, comfortable and convenient. It overlooks the golf links which lie across the road to the south. The links are available for golfing all the year and the eighteen hole course ranks among the best in the country. The thick turf of bermuda grass is well kept as are the putting greens and all other details connected with the course. The country over which the links lie is picturesque and the landscape is a pleasing one, especially in the Spring when the wild primrose, for which this section is noted, blooms in the greatest profusion. The golfer walks over a course literally carpeted with the little pink flowers.

Woodley Country Club

The Woodley Country Club and the Montgomery Country Club are near neighbors, the former being the rendezvous of the athletically inclined among the Jewish people of the city. The Colonial style of the Club house is quite imposing. In addition to out-of-door sports a swimming pool affords pleasure to those who care for that form of entertainment. The links of the Woodley Club are not so old as those of the other Country Club, but they too are good and will, no doubt, in time rival those just across the road.

University Club

A new social organization, The University Club, owns a handsome home in the Southern part of the city and is up-to-date in every respect. An innovation is the furnisliing of rooms for the use of out-of-town members who when in Montgomery can make the club their residence. Another feature is the making over the cuisine to a lady who not only has charge of all the catering but acts in the capacity of a chaperone.

Womens' Clubs

The City Federation embraces study, civic, and patriotic clubs, numbering twenty-two (22) in all, with an approximate membership of one thousand women.

In addition to social and study clubs,, the men of Montgomery have founded various civic and patriotic organizations, among these the Kiwanis and Rotary Clubs.

The Children'S Home

In the Spring of 1918 the Montgomery Federation of Women's Clubs authorized the Juvenile Court Committee, under the Sociological Department, to make plans towards the establishment of a Receiving Home for Children in Montgomery. The work of the Juvenile Court had grown to such proportions, that the Committee, assisting tlie probation officer, found the problem of properly caring for children a serious one. Although a Federation work, the Committee felt the interest and advice of business men necessary. Therefore, six men were asked to serve with representatives from the various Federated Clubs, under what has since been known as the Children's Protective Association. The property on the Upper Wetumpka Road was secured, where attractive surroundings and country life contribute to the improvement and development of the little ones.

Upon admission to the Home, children are put under the care of physicians, who direct their physical well being and who, with the co-operation of the matron and assistants, see that they are surrounded by every influence that makes for constructive growth. The proceeds from the Ball of the Allies, a benefit entertainment in the autumn of 1918, gave the beginning to a fund to be used for the purchase of a permanent home. All gifts, and memorial gifts, are put aside for this purpose. The work is supported by voluntary contributions and subscriptions.

The Fresh Air Camp

The Anti-Tuberculosis Fresh Air Camp, under the management of the Anti-Tuberculosis League, is situated on the Upper Wetumpka Road, about two miles from the city.

Most of the cottages were built and equipped by benevolent organizations. A few are the gifts of citizens. They are constructed on the latest improved plan for the treatment and comfort of the patients.

St. Margaret'S Hospital

This Hospital, consisting of several well equipped buildings, is situated on Adams street, on a large lot once owned by Governor Watts, his home being used as a chapel, and home for sisters and nurses. The buildings are of pebble dash, with red tile roofs, and sit far back from the street, a wide lawn, shaded by large trees slopes from the front of them to the street. It is a Roman Catholic institution, under the management of the Sisters of Charity, and here is a training school for nurses.

Laura Hill Infirmary

This Infirmary is a private institution and is owned by Drs. L. L. and R. S. Hill. It is located on S. Lawrence Street, and has a training school for nurses.

Highland Park Sanitorium

This infirmary, so long known as "Dr. Watkins' Infirmary" now owned and managed by Dr. Brannon Hubbard, faces Oak Park, and consists of four buildings. It also has a training school for nurses.

Hale'S Infirmary

A colored institution, the only one of its kind in the city, was endowed by a Montgomery colored woman, is situated in the eastern section of the city near Oak Park; is modern, well equipped, and has a training school for nurses.

The Memorial Hospital

The Memorial Hospital, to be a perpetual memorial to the men from the city and county of Montgomery, who made the supreme sacrifice in the world war will be located at the corner of High and Union streets, on the site of the old Waller home. The lot is elevated and consists of more than four acres, partly covered with beautiful oaks, and affording room for the erection of a number of buildings and grounds for convalescent patients. Work has already begun on the first unit known as the Central or Administration building. It is being built of brick, stone, concrete, and will be absolutely fire proof. At first it will be used as a complete building and will have three separate suites of operating rooms each with full equipment, two anesthetizing apartments, an X-ray room, sterilizing rooms, surgeon's dressing rooms, rooms for medical staff and rooms for the house medical staff, also wards for the treatment of patients.

Later seven other buildings will be constructed; an Isolation building for the treatment of contagious diseases, a Maternity Building, Children's Building, Nurses Home, a building for colored people, the power house for heating, laundry, refrigerating and sterilizing.

The Board of Trustees is as follows : General R. E. Steiner, W. Nash Read, Mrs. W. B. Crumpton, Dr. J. L. Gaston, Isadore Weil, Lucien Loeb. F. J. Cramton and Dr. B. J. Baldwin, with the Mayor and President of the County Medical Society, County Health Officer as ex-officio members.

Guide To City Of Montgomkry 53 Schools And Colleges

The Woman's College of Alabama was established through the efforts of the clerical and lay members of the two conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in the State, for the higher education of the girls.

The central building of the group "planned to meet the demands of future growth" is the John J. Flowers Memorial Hall. This is built of rough faced brick with oolithic limestone trimming and is Collegiate Gothic in its architecture. It contains the beautiful large chapel.

The Julia A. Pratt Residence Hall and the Massey Hall, the latest of the group are fully equipped with every modern convenience. Every apartment has an outside exposure. They are both handsome brick buildings and follow the same general lines of the Collegiate Gothic.

All the usual commercial subjects are taught with Higher Accounting and Machine Book-keeping. Two Departments of Shorthand are maintained for the two systems taught - Graham and Gregg.

This College was secured for Montgomery by the efforts of the Industrial and Commercial Association. It occupies a floor in a business building, corner of Dexter Avenue and Perry Street.

The usual business courses are taught. Every pupil has the advantages of individual instruction, for the class system is not used except in special cases.

There is a boarding department in connection with the school. A large shady playground and athletic field give opportunity for exercise and pleasure.

It prepares thoroughly for College and is an accredited school, its students entering College without examination. Honor system used, number of students are limited, for individual attention is given each boy.

The Barnes School, a private institution for the education and training of boys, is in its sixty-fourth year. It is owned and directed by Principal E. R. Barnes. It occupies its own commodious building and grounds at Clayton and Moulton streets. The school is a member of the Southern Association, its certificates receiving full recognition everywhere in the United States.

A school for the individual, for each class is limited to twelve students. Affiliation with all the leading colleges for women. French classes taught by a native Frenh woman. College graduates only employed for all classes above Primary.

Miss Woodruff's Private School began probably in 1875. It is a Primary and Intermediate School for both girls and boys. Miss Augusta Woodruff is Principal. The classes are small and individual attention is given each pupil.

St. Mary's of Loretta Academy, was established in 1873. Bishop Quinlan of Mobile was instrumental in bringing the sisters here from Loretto, Kentucky.

It is a Catholic institution of learning and is taught and directed by a faculty of Sisters of Loretto. It occupies two buildings on a high hill on South Lawrence street, overlooking the city. Mother Superior De Chantal is head of the school.

Public Schools

The oldest of these buildings, the Lafayette, was built in 1886. The distinguished Frenchman. Lafayette, was officially welcomed to the city on the site of this school.

The Sidney Lanier High School, which was completed in 1910, is one of the best equipped High Schools in the South. Thirtytwo teachers are employed.

One hundred and seventeen white teachers and fifty-two colored teachers are employed in the city schools. There are also two white nurses and one negro nurse. There were seventy-two hundred children enrolled in Montgomery for the year 1919. The following is a list of the city schools :

Guide To City Of Montgomery 57 The Parks And Cemeteries Of Montgomery

Oak Park, formerly the plantation and Montgomery home of Major Boiling Hall, of Autauga County, was known as Hall's Woods. In the early eighties William Joseph, then Mayor of Montgomery, urged by Hon. A. A. Wiley, consummated the purchase of Hall's Woods for $30,000, for Montgomery's first public park. It is a beautiful Oak Grove containing a small menagerie, a public swimming pool, tennis courts and full play ground equipment.

Hamner Hall, now used for a public playground for the children of the city, was first established as a great Episcopal school for girls, and was named in honor of the first Episcopal Bishop of Alabama, Nicholas Hamner Cobbs. The historic building was destroyed by fire some years ago.

Gunter Athletic Field is situated on Madison Avenue. Here takes places the games of baseball in the summer and football in the winter. It has a grand stand of large seating capacity.

Besides the above parks, the city maintains three play grounds, one of which was equipped by the Rotary Club. The grounds contain swings, slides and see-saws and other childish delights, and also fine tennis courts for the girls and boys. These parks and grounds are constantly thronged with happy children.

The two cemeteries of the city are Oakwood and Greenwood. The first named is by far the oldest and most historic. Half of this land was donated to Montgomery by General John Bayton Scott, one of the early founders of the city, and was known as the Old Graveyard, or Scott's Free Burying Ground. The other half was donated by Andrew Dexter, another founder of Montgomery. The first white person interred in the "old graveyard" was Mrs. Wil-

Tomb Op William L.

The most noted surgeon of this time, a man of international fame, Dr. J. Marion Sims, has a son buried in Oakwood in 1840. This boy was named Merry Christmas, having been born on Christmas day. He was called Merry.

Pasqual Luciani, Napoleonic soldier, died in 1854 and was buried in Oakwood. Tombstone bears the inscription "A soldier of Napoleon 1st for nine years."

Samuel Holt, first mayor of Montgomery, Colonel Morehead, a Confederate Soldier of Kentucky, who died in 1863, at the age of thirty-five, and several of our Alabama governors, are all interred in Oakwood. Charlotte Morton Dexter wife of the founder of Montgomery and the daughter of a governor of Massachusetts is buried in the first marked grave in Oakwood, date 1819.

In Oakwood we find the graves of Judge B. S. Bibb and his wife, Aunt Sophie, as she was affectionately called. These were among the most prominent of Montgomery citizens, the last mentioned being the founder and president of the Ladies Memorial Association.

Near the Hilliard lot is a great mass of masonry unmarked that is said to contain the body of a great Indian chief, who was a staunch friend of the early citizens of Montgomery. He died in 1822 or '23.

There is one corner of the old cemetery dedicated originaHy to the faithful slaves of the pioneer citizens of Montgomery. Here lie buried faithful mammies, butlers and coachmen of many of the most prominent old families. In many of the private family plots one comes across the graves of loyal slaves. One of these, a slave of S. Scheussler, bears the inscription, "Jim, Remembered for his many virtues."

Another grave bears this inscription, "Richard Blunt, a Free Colored Man, Died in 1840," which shows that there were free negroes prior to the Civil War and emancipation.

On a sloping hillside in Oakwood are buried our own Confederate soldiers, dear to the heart of every child of Dixie. Near this sacred dust will be found the graves of Dr. and Mrs. Carnot Bellinger, who gave to the Confederacy the first organized and equipped hospital for Confederate soldiers, and the grave of the man who donated Scott's Free Burying Ground, John Baytop Scott.

Principal Hotels

Montgomery County's road system is one of the best in the South. All of the main highwaj's are improved to the county line, while there are many miles of connecting highwaj^s which have made the famous Montgomery "loops" rides the joy of visiting motorists. One can leave the city and ride over a "loop" of nearly any distance - from five to seventy-five miles - and see a great deal of the county in a very short time.

There are now nearly five hundred miles of fine graded gravel roads radiating from Montgomerj- to the county lines. An abundance of good road material in the numerous beds of clay gravel which are to be found in the different parts of the county, is considered one of the county's chief assets. These highways have all been carefully graded, and are well kept, and there is not a time in the year when trucks and automobiles cannot pass over them at full legal speed.

Many of the roads connect with improved roads of adjoining counties, and the tourist will find much of interest in visiting by motor the neighboring towns of Troy, Selma, Tuskegee, etc.

The ride to Tuskegee over the ^It. Meigs road is interesting, not only because that city is the home of the well known "Tuskegee Institute" for Negroes, but also because there is no road of more historic interest in the State.

It bears on its surface a brilliant pageant reaching back into the dim days of legend. Speeding automobiles ; the cotton wagons and coach-and-four of the wealthy planter; the old stage coach ; Lafayette and his escort of painted warriors and officials of tlie infant town; the caravans of incoming settlers ; the traders and adventurers; DeSoto and his glittering band

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PYREX less ens work, makes it easier to prepare and serve a meal, and saves extra pan 1 cleaning. You bake ill and serve in the same golden-hued PYREX dish - and the polished surface

Or Craze

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Buy Her A I. Service And Parts

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I Toilet Articles, Crane'S Stationery 1

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Hails & Thompson I Exclusive Farm Land Dealers I.

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I Plaza

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