Alabama State Intelligencer, 1831-06-04

[Public - No. 68.] AN ACT dec lari rip tin* awent of emigres, lo an net of lli General Assembly of the Slate of Ohio, h..'remailer rtl cited. Be it enacted by the Senate and House o Ue/ircsentativea of the United States of Ame rica in Congress assembled, That the conj sent of the United States shall be, and is here: by, given to an act of the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, entitled " An act foi the preservation and repair of the United States road," passed the fourth day of Ftb Ftbruury, - ruury, Ftbruury, in the year of our Lord one thousaad eight hundred and thirty-one, which act is in the words and figures following, to wit: "Be it enacted by the Genera! Assemilu of the State of Ohio, That whenever tbd consent of the Congress of the United States to this act shall be obtained, the Governorof this State shall be, and he is hereby, author authorized - ized authorized to take under his care, on behalf of this State, so much of the road commonly called the National Road, within the limits of this State, as shall then be finished, and also, such other sections or parts thereof as may there thereafter - after thereafter be progressively finished within the limits aforesaid, whenever the same shaU be completed; and he shall be, and is herebylau herebylauthorized - thorized herebylauthorized to cause gates and toll-houses to be erected on said road, at such finished parts thereof as he shall think proper, for the pur purpose - pose purpose of collecting tolls, as provided by the fourth section of this act: Provided, The number of gates aforesaid shall not exceed one on any space or distance of twenty miles. Sec. 2. That a superintendent shall be ap appointed - pointed appointed by the Governor, whose duty shall be to exercise all reasonable vigilance and di diligence - ligence diligence in the cate of the road committed to his charge; to contract for, and direct the ap application - plication application of the labor, materials, and otlfcr things necessary for the preservation, repaV, and improvement thereof; he shall pay fu futile - tile futile same out of such sums as the Governwj shall furnish him for that purpose, subject t<i such responsibility and accountability as the said Governor shall dictate; and shall confoipi to such instructions as the Governor shall prescribe for his conduct, in all particulars i l llative - lative llative to his said trust: he may be empowet empowetcd - cd empowetcd to suspend the functions of any toll-ga toll-gatherer - therer toll-gatherer for alleged misconduct, till the plea pleasure - sure pleasure of the Governor shall be known, and td fill the vacancy thereby occasioned during such interval; and it shall be his duty to givi information of the facts in such case to tht Governor, without any unnecessary delay; tht said superintendent shall hold his office dur during - ing during the pleasure of the Governor, who shall allow him a reasonable compensation for his services. Sec. 3. That the Governor be, and he it hereby, authorized to appoint the neccssarr collectors of tolls, and to remove any of then at his pleasure; and also, to allow them, re respectively, - spectively, respectively, such stipulated compensation rs he may deem reasonable, it shall be the duty of each and every toll-collector to demaid and receive, at the gate or station assigned t> him by the Governor, the tolls prcscribtd and directed by the fourth section of this ad; and to pay monthly into the treasury, accorl accorling - ing accorling to the directions they may receive fron the Treasurer of the State, all the moneys so collected by said collectors, that shall re remain - main remain after deducting their compensator aforesaid; the said collectors shall be govern ed, in all respects relative to their office, bj such regulations as the Governor shall ordain in order to ensure a due responsibility, ant faithful discharge of their duties.

From the National Intelligencer. To the Cheaa/ieakc and Ohio Canal and Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Comfianies. - je will now proceed to investigate the causes which have operated to render the river O Omo - mo Omo unfit for the navigation of steamboats for nearly half the year, and show that instead ot expecting a better state of things, we are to look for an increase of the evil, in spite of every artificial means now proposed to reme remedy - dy remedy it. It is an appalling truth in the history of all water course*, namely, their liability to fier fierce - ce fierce tual change. The natural operation of all rivers, whether in the primitive or alluvial formation of country, is, to rise in their beds, and add unceasingly to their margins. If we should trace the history of our water courses we should find that the ratio of this opera operation - tion operation keeps pace with the increase of cultiva cultivation - tion cultivation of the country through which they run. Thus the cause of the evil in question is made manifest. Previous to culture, the natural grass which covered the face of the ground prevented the' substratum from being washed away by the thedescending - descending thedescending rains, whatever injurious abrasion occurred being confined to the margin of the stream. In a state i it nature, therefore, rivers will continue longer suited to the purposes of navigation ; but when the hand of cultivation, by the plough, breaks up the vegitablc cover covering - ing covering ot the earth, the loose soil underneath, being easily detached, is washed away by the floods, carried down the stream, and deposit deposited - ed deposited in the still water or eddy places. In ad addition - dition addition to this, the undermining, of the banks, by the current striking and rubbing against them, and the falling in of trees, 8cr. all con contribute - tribute contribute to the formation of bars and other ob obstructions. - structions. obstructions. With a knowledge of this unerring taw of Nature, associated with watercourses, before us, we are enabled easily to account for all those changes which have taken place in the navigable capacity, not only of the Ohio, but all other rivers ; and it should serve as a bea beacon - con beacon to warn us against trusting too far to them as a /lermanent means of commercial inter intercourse. - course. intercourse. There is another circumstance which ope operates - rates operates to reduce the supply of water to rivers, that we should also bear in mind, namely, as the country is cleared and cultivated, in the proportion of this, a diminution in the quanti quantity - ty quantity of the waters of springs takes place, and consequently the supply to the streams les lessened. - sened. lessened. Trees are the natural conductors of mois moisture, - ture, moisture, and where a country is deprived of its forests it will suffer for the want of rain - and where no rain falls, there will be no s/irings - and where there are no s/irings, there will be no streams - no rivers - and consequently a barren country must follow this absence of rains. The Sandy wastes found in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, like so many blots upon the face of the fair earth, testify in the strogest manner to this melancholy truth. Who knows but that these desert places were once the seat of flourishing empires, and re reduced - duced reduced tp this melancholy condition by, either a wanton or necessitous destruction of their forests ? Be this as it may, desolation will always follow the felling of the forests of a country. A PROFESSIONAL MAN,

Splendid Imported Calicoes; French Chint Chintzes - zes Chintzes and Painted Muslins; Furniture Chintzes; Furniture and Cambric Dimities; Jaconet, Swiss, Mull, Book, Medium, India and Cam Cambrick - brick Cambrick Muslins; Lawns; Irish Linens; Sheet Sheetings; - ings; Sheetings; Diaper and Damask Table Linens; Lin Linen - en Linen Cambricks; Ladies' and Gentlemen's as assorted - sorted assorted Gloves; Black and Colored Silks and Satins; Mandarines; Silk, Cotton, Thread, Worsted and Woolen Hosery; Linen Cam Cambric - bric Cambric Handkerchiefs; Ginghams; Plaid Mus Muslins; - lins; Muslins; Gro de Naps; Sarsnets; Levantines; Senshaws; Florentines; Perquerines; Grode Seins, Batizes; Barages; Flouncings; Foot Footings;Robes;Parasols; - ings;Robes;Parasols; Footings;Robes;Parasols; Umbrellas; Fans; Dolls; Crapes; Crape Leisses; Silk and Cotton Fringes; Gauzes; Belt, Cap, Sash, Neck and Beautiful Sett Bonnet Ribbands; assorted Plain Colored Ribbands; Hair Puffs and Curls; Artificial Flowers and Wreaths; Head Ornaments; Necklaces and Beeds; Fancy Mitts; White and Black Velvets; White and Black Bobbinets; Thread Bobbinet; Silk and Cotton Laces and Edgings; Fancy Gauze Scarfes and Handkerchiefs; Black and Fancy Silk Shaws and Hdkfs- MarinoSliawls; Scarfs and Hdkfs; Ladies' Crape, Silk and Satin Cravats; Gentlemen's White and Fancy Cra Cravats; - vats; Cravats; Lace and Gauze Veils; White Satin, Kid and Prunella Shoes; White Sateen; Rus Russia - sia Russia Diapers, Dutch, Sheetings and Ticklin Ticklinburgs; - burgs; Ticklinburgs; Cologne Waters; Fancy Soaps; Reti Reticules - cules Reticules and Purses; Millineets; Insertions; White and Colored Marseilles and Valencia Vestings; Bombazines; Half Hosery; Canvass; Buckrams, Cotton Cassimers; Black and Co Colored - lored Colored Cambrics; Power and Steam-loom Fine Shirtings and Sheetings; Suspenders; Spool Sewing and Floss Cottons; White and Co Colored - lored Colored Boss; Sewing Silks and Twists;Threads; Lace and Muslin Capes, Hdkfs; Pelerines and Crazy Janes; Gimps; Tapes; Cords; Bob Bobbins; - bins; Bobbins; Needles; Pins; Counterpins and Mar Marsailles - sailles Marsailles Quilts; Bombazetts; Lastings; Circas Circassian - sian Circassian Plaids; Drillings; Black and Brown Hol Hollands; - lands; Hollands; Nankins; Flax and French Linens and Drillings; Tortois-shell and Mock, Tuck, Side, Round, Turnback, Pocket, Ivory and Ridding Combs; Osnaburgs; Super Cloths and Cassimers; Kerseys; Plains; Coatings; Linzys; Green Floor Cloths; Rugs; Carpe Carpetings; - tings; Carpetings; Bindings; Red, White, Yellow and Green Flannels; Rose, Point, Duffle, Whit Whitney - ney Whitney and Mackanaw Blankets; Silk and Cot Cotton - ton Cotton Pocket Hdkfs; Linen Bed Tickings; Fan Fancy - cy Fancy Toilet Boxes; Buttons; Spotted Scarlet Flannel; Marino fcr Dresses; Shoe Thread; Hooks and Eyes, &c. See. Also, a general assortment of Domestics - Ready Made Clothing - Hardware and Cut Cutlery - Hats, - lery - Hats, Cutlery - Hats, Boots and Shoes - Groceries, &c,. Bagging, Rope and Twine - Cotton and Wool Cards - Looking Glasses - Earthen, China and Glass Ware, &c. - Books and Stationary, 8cc. &c. All of which, with a great many other ar articles - ticles articles in the Goods Line, will be sold very cheap. Country merchants would do well to call on us. £7* Orders received, punctually attend attended - ed attended to. Tuscaloosa, April 20 3.

visions of this act, so soon as the same shall be collected. See. 14. That all fines, penalties and for forfeitures - feitures forfeitures incurred Under the provisions of this act, shall be recovered by indictment in the court of common picas of the county where the offence was committed, or by action of debt, in the name of the State of Ohio, for the use of the road fund established by this act, which action of debt may be brought be before - fore before any justice of the peace or other court having jurisdiction thereof in thecounty where the offence was committed, or such fine, pen penalty - alty penalty or forleiture was incurred; and it shall be the duty of the superintendent, toll-gath toll-gatherers, - erers, toll-gatherers, and of any other person who will com complain - plain complain of the same, to prosecute all offences against the provisions of this act. Sec. 15. That it shall be lawful for the General Assembly, at any future session there thereof, - of, thereof, without the consent of Congress, to change, alter, or amend this act: Provided, That the same shall not be so changed, altered or amended, as to reduce or increase the rates of toll hereby established, below or above a sum necessary to defray the expenses incident to the preservation and repair of said road, to the erection of gates and toll houses there thereon, - on, thereon, and for the payment of the fees or sala salaries - ries salaries of the superintendent, the collectors of tolls, and ot such other agents as may be ne necessarily - cessarily necessarily employed in the prosecution and re repair - pair repair of the same, according to the true intent and meaning of this art. Sec. 16. That any person or persons shall have the privilege of paying at either of the said gates, at the rates specified in this act, the amount of toll for any distance which such person or persons may desire to travel on said road, and receive a certificate thereof from the collector of tolls at such gate, which cer certificate - tificate certificate shall be a sufficient voucher to procure ' the passage of such person or persons through j any other gate or gates named in said certi certificate: - ficate: certificate: ProvidedThat printed forms of such certificates shall be furnished by the superin superintendent - tendent superintendent to be a j) pointed under the provisions of this act to each collector of tolls, and shall be countersigned by such superintendent, and otherwise so devised as to prevent fraud or imposition, and no certificate shall he consi considered - dered considered as valid under this section unless such certificate shall be authenticated as aforesaid. Sec. 17. That the act, entitled " An act for the preservation of injuries to the national road in Ohio," passed February eleventh, eighteen hundred and twenty-eight, be, and the same is hereby, repealed: Provided, however, That all actions and prosecutions which may now be pending shall be prosecu prosecuted - ted prosecuted to final judgement and execution, and all offences committed before the taking effect of this act shall be prosecuted and punished in the same manner as if the above mention mentioned - ed mentioned act was not repealed. Approved, March 2, 1831.

Burning of the Western Prairiet. - We have no means of determining at what period the fires first began to sweep over these plains, because we know not when they began to be inhabited. It is quite possible that they might have been occasionally fired by light lightning, - ning, lightning, previous to the introduction of that cle clement - ment clement by human agency, At all events it is very evident that as soon as fire began to be used in this country by its inhabitants, the an annual - nual annual burning of the prairies must have com commenced. - menced. commenced. One of the peculiarities of this cli climate - mate climate is the dryness of its summers and au autumns. - tumns. autumns. A drought often commences in Au August, - gust, August, which, with the exception of a few showers towards the close of that month, continues throughout the fall season. The immense mass of vegitation with which this fertile soil loads itself during the summer, is suddenly withered, and the whole surface of the earth is covered with combustible mate materials. - rials. materials. This is especially true of the prairies, where the grass grows to the height of from six to ten feet, and being entirely exposed to the sun and wind, dries with great rapidity. A single spark of fire falling any where upon the plains, at such a time, would instantly kindle a blaze that would spread on every side, and continue its destructive course as long as it should find fuel. Travellers have described these fires as sweeping with a ra rapidity - pidity rapidity which renders it hazardous to fly be before - fore before them. Such is not the case, or is true onlv of a few rare instances. The thick sward of the prairie presents a considerable mass of fuel, and offers a barrier to the progress of the flame, which is not easily surmounted. - The fire advances slowly, and with power. - The heat is intense. The flames often extend across a wide prairie, and advance in a long line. No sight can be more sublime, than to behold in the night, a stream of several miles in breadth advancing across these wide plains, leaving behind it a black cloud of smoke, and throwing before it a vivid glare which lights up the whole landscape with the brilliancy of noon day. A roaring and cracking sound is heard like the rushing of a hurricane. The flume which is general, rises to the height of about twenty feet, is seen sinking and darting upwards in spires, precisely as the waves dash against each other, and as the spray flies up into the air ; and the whole appear appearance - ance appearance is often that of a boiling, and flaming sea violently agitated. The progress of the fire is slow, and the heat so great that every com combustible - bustible combustible object in its course is consumed. Wo to the farmer whose ripe corn fields extend into the prairie, and who suffers the tall grass to grow in contact with his fences! The whole labor of the year is swept away in a few hours. But such accidents are compara comparatively - tively comparatively unfrequent, as the preventive is simple and easily applied. - Illinois Mag.

HENRY'S COMIYEENTARIES. AN Exposition of the Old and New Tes Testament: - tament: Testament: wherein each Chapter is sum summed - med summed up in its Contents; the sacred Text in inserted - serted inserted at large, in distinct Paragraphs; each Paragraph reduced to its proper Head; the sense given and largely illustrated; with prac practical - tical practical Remarks and Observations: by Matthew Henry. A New Edition: Edited by the Rev. George Border, and the Rev. Joseph Hughes. A. M. With the Life of the Author by the Rev. Samuel Palmer, First Americen Edi Edition: - tion: Edition: to which is prefixed a Preface, by Ar Archibald - chibald Archibald Alexander, D. D., Professor of The Theology - ology Theology in the Seminary at Princeton, N. J. Six large Super Royal Octavo Volumes. For sale by D. WOODRUFF. From Dr. Ezra S. Ely, Pastor of lhe Third Presbyterian Churchy Philadelphia. Gentleman - Your proposed ix publication of the Rev. Mat Matthew - thew Matthew Henry's "Exposition of (he Old and New Testament, with Practical Remarksand Observations," deserves encour encouragement - agement encouragement from all the friends of evangelical religion in our country. Could I not otherwise obtain a copy of this valua valuable - ble valuable work, I would give you? in exchange for it, all the Com Commentaries - mentaries Commentaries of Orton, Doddridge, Gill, Campbell, M'Knight, Scott, and Clarke: and while I would neither discard nor disparage these, I must say, that Henry has as much good sense, as much practical piety, and as thorough acquaintanee with the mind of the Spirit, as arc inosiift sted by any of his successors. The late Dr Livingston was the best preacher on the reli religions - gions religions experience of a Christum, that I have ever heard ; and it is notorious, that he drew largely from the rick treasures whi b he found in Henry's Bible. To any minister of the Gospel, or private Christian, who might regard my opinion, I would say, If you have all other Commentaries, or can purchase but one, be sure to buy Mat Matthew - thew Matthew Henry. EZRA STYLES ELY. From the Rev. IP. T. Brantlijy late of Jhigusta9 Georgia, now Pastor of the First Baptist Church, Philadelphia. Messrs Towar Ik Hogan - The piety and good sense of all Christian communities, have concurred in awarding to Hen Henry's - ry's Henry's Commentary, a distinguished place among the standard works of the same kind. For myself, 1 can say, that I have havefound - found havefound it one of the best helps to a just and practical acquaint acquaintance - ance acquaintance with the sacred volume. His skill as an interpreter is entitled to much respect; his integrity in adhering to the sense of Scripture, without the colorings of party feeling, is highly commendable; and the devine unction which runs through the whole of his work, must render it an acceptable guide to the devotions of the pious in every denomination. You have my earnest wish- s for the success of the projected publication of this work. With Christian respect, W. T. BRANTLY. may 25 8

Sec. 7. That if any of the toll-collectors shall unreasonably delay or hinder any pas passenger - senger passenger or traveller at any of the gates, or shall demand or receive more toll than is by this act established, ho shall, for each anil I every such offence, forfeit and pay to the par party - ty party aggrieved the rum of ten dollars. Sec. 8. That, if any person shall purpose purposely - ly purposely and maliciously deface, or otherwise injure any of the mile stones, parapet walls, cul culverts, - verts, culverts, or bridges, or any of the masonry whatsoever, or any of the gates or toll houses of and belonging to the said national road in this State, as the same is now constructed, or may hereafter be constructed, every person so offending shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined in a sum not more than five hundred dollars, ,or be imprisoned in the dungeon of the jail of the country, and be fed on bread and water only, not exceeding twenty days, or both, at the discretion of the court. Ser. 6. That, if any person shall purpose purposely - ly purposely fill, choak, or otherwise obstruct any of the said drains, valleys, gutters or culverts of said road, now made or hereafter to be made, or shall connect any private road or cartway with tlie said national road, without making at the point of connexion a stone culvert, or paved valley, or other good and sufficient fix fixture, - ture, fixture, so as to secure a free passage for the water along such side dram, where such pri private - vate private road or cartway connects witli the said national road, or if anv person shall purpose purposely - ly purposely and wilfully travel upon such parts of said national road as are or may be in an unfinished state, against the consent of the superinten superintendent - dent superintendent appointed by the United States, or by tliis State, or shall remove any of the bea beacons - cons beacons placed upen the said road so in an un unfinished - finished unfinished state its aforesaid, for the diverting of the travel on and from said road, every per person - son person so offending shall, upon conviction there thereof, - of, thereof, be, for every such offence, fined in a sum not less than one nor more than ten dollars. Sec. 10. That if any person shall stand liis wagon and team, or cither of them, over night, upon the pavement of said road, now , made, or which may hereafter be made, or shall at any other time stand a wagon and team, or either of them, upon the said pave pavement, - ment, pavement, for the purpose of feeding, or if he shall in any other manner purposely and wil wilfully - fully wilfully obstruct the travel upon said road, eve every - ry every person so offending shall, upon conviction thereof, for every such offence, be fined in a sum not less than one nor more than five dol dollars. - lars. dollars.

firth cents; for every horse in addition, six al one fourth cents; for every other car carrce - rce carrce of pleasure, under whatever name it ny go, the like sum, according to the num numIr - Ir numIr of wheels and horses drawing the same; fi every cart cr wagon whose wheels do not epeed the breadth oi two and one half inches, telvc and one half cents; for each horse or od rawing the same, six and one fourth cents; f( every cart or wagon whose wheels shall epeed two and one half inches in breadth, rtl not exceeding four inches, six and one tin th cents; for every horse or ox drawing tp same, three cents; and for every other ivt or wagon whose wheels shall exceed four bhes, and not exceeding five inches in leadth, four cents; for every horse or ox tawing the same two cents; and all other vgons or carts whose wheels shall exceed >*. inches in dreadth, shall pass the said gates fie and clear of all tolls: Provided, That nthing in this act shall be construed so as to athorize any tolls to be received or collected turn any person passing to or from public \orship, or to or from any muster, or to or fom his common business on his farm or M>od land, or to or from a funeral, or to or fom a mill, or to or from his common place o trading or marketing, within the county in which he resides, including their wagons, car carriages, - riages, carriages, and horses or oxen drawing the some: Provided, aiao, That no tell shall be receiv received - ed received or collected for the passage of any stage or coach conveying the Un;tcd States mail, or hoivc's bearing the same, cr any wagon or carriage laden with the property of the Uni United - ted United States, or any cavalry or other troops, arms or military stores belonging to the same, or to any of the States comprising this Union, ar any person or persons on duty in the mili military - tary military service of the United States, or of the militia of any of the States.