The Montgomery Advertiser, 1927-12-31

' ALMOST ALL BUSINESSES ' LOOK FOB BANNER YEAR Oil And Coal Industries Furnish > Only Pessimists; Suffering " s® From Overproduction e:' By STA XI.KY W. (AModntrd Prw* Financial Editor) NEW YORK, Dec. 30. - (AP) - Dead- j lug business men of America, con- j SLy tributing to the annual symposium of ! p business forecasts compiled by the As Associated - sociated Associated Press, are almost unanimous in the belief that fundamental eco economic - nomic economic conditions are sound, and that 1928 holds promise of increased pros prosperity. - perity. prosperity. Representatives of the steel, 0: copper, automobile, lumber, electrical * and motion picture industries, bank bank1 - 1 bank1 ers and railroad men all look for bet better - ter better times next year. The only note of pessimism comes from the oil and coal industries, still suffering from the ills of over-production. Secretary of the Treasury Mellon ex expresses - presses expresses the belief that certain factors which exercised a deterrent influence in 1927 may be expected, to disappear in the coming year, pointing out that p the country has given unmistakable evidence of the fact that underlying conditions are sound. Copirer Sound. The copper industry is on a sound basis and extends promise of greater prosperity during 1928 than it has known since the war in the opinion of Cornelius Kelley, president of the An Anaconda - aconda Anaconda Copper Company. Eugene G. Grace, president of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, points out that sta stability - bility stability at higher levels in the price structure accounts in large measure for the improved sentiment in the steel industry. Not since the Cushing field In 1914 W < and 1916 have crude oil prices remained j down for so long as they have now - and the prospects do not indicate an \ upward revision in the near future j asserts W. C. Tagle, president of the theSn - Sn theSn , Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, j Alfred P. Sloan, Jr., president of the j General Motors Corporation, looks for i record-breaking automobile production I C ; in 1928. Patrick Crowley, president of the ; New York Central Railroad, anticipates j a prosperous year for the railroads j and business in general but holds out little promise of any progress on rail- ! road mergers until the present law is j changed. There is every reason for I American agriculture to, look forward j AIUVIIVUII UftMVUUUlC III.1UUA tvaiu Jutur^ wKh 4bijsi . hope# * John X. HUnneli. president of the Chi- , Board of Trade. . Increased Insurance. Edward D. Duffleld, president of the Prudential Insurance Company of America, expects increased production of life insurance, a reduced lapse rate and lessening cost. With a smaller number of mills and a large consump consumpf - f consumpf Uon per capita, the outlook for the aiilling industry is regarded as favor favorable - able favorable by Thud D. Hoffman, president of the Kansas Flour Mills Corpora Corporation. - tion. Corporation. Dee Shubert, president of the Shu Shubert - bert Shubert Theatrical Company, expresses the ..firm conviction that 1928 will be one of the most prosperous years the the theater - ater theater has ever had. R. A. Dong, chair chairman - man chairman of the Dong Bell Dumber Com Company, - pany, Company, looks for much better conditions in the lumber industry. Optimistic views also are expressed by Dewis E. Pierson, president of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States; E. zJjj? M. Herr, president of the Westing Westinghouse - house Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Com Company; - pany; Company; Irene# Dupont, chairman of the board of the E. I. Dupont De Nemours ^Company and: several others. COTTON RECOVERED WASHINGTON, Dec. 30. - (AP). - Agriculture as sized up by government experts had a "fairly good" year in the chief producing regions with the exception of the Central and Eastern part of the corn and hog region. The department of agriculture in its final report on the agricultural situa situation - tion situation for the year today' said 1927 brought a measure of recovery to the cotton belt but much of the Central and Eastern section of the corn and hog region had a poor crop of corn, which coupled with a slump in hog prices left the past season a disap disappointing - pointing disappointing one. "The swine industry," said the de department, - partment, department, "was hit last Spring by a market slump, especially in the Eu European - ropean European market, and continued through throughout - out throughout the season on a level of prices somewhat £>elow the two previous years. The^ther livestock industries, however have fared relatively well. All toldr 1927 was a year of well-balanced production. It brought the price level of farm products this Fall up near that of two years ago, whidh, was the highest since 1920. "The total value of about 50 crops in 1927, ba#*d on Dec. X prices, is esti estimated - mated estimated at §§,428,626,000, compared to $7,793,480,000 for 'the same crops In >1926, an Increase of $635,146,000."

Br ATTICI S MIL I. IV From Clarke County cornea the charge that Gov. Bltib Graven la '.'play '.'playing - ing '.'playing politics" In Jackson County. Gov. Graves Is quoted as saying that some of the Blackbelt counties are giving the negro children a better chance than that accorded to Jackson County white children. This charge of playing politics la based upon figures obtained from the report of the state superintendent of education for the year ending Sept. 30, 1926, the latest available. According to these figures there are 9,446 school children In Clarke County about even evenly - ly evenly divided as to color. From the same source of information It la learned that there are 49 students In the A. & M. Institute (negro.) Under the terms of the proposed bond Issue to provide 1*0,000,000 for the erection of school buildings in Alabama, Clarke County would get $200,000, according to proponents of the amendment If it la ratified by the voters of the state and Clarke County complies with the requirements aa laid down In the enabling act. This same amount - $200.000 - is also Includ Included - ed Included In the proposal for the negro school with only 49 students. Now this proposed amendment and the enabling act are both claimed as the children of Gov. Graves' brain. This same governor who would array a white county against a Blackbelt county by appealing to prejudice. The question Is asked in Clarke County: "Why give one negro student $4.08) at the A. & M. Institute and only $21.16 to a white child Jn Clarke County?" This, It is pointed out by Clarke County citizens, does not look like the work of a man who is sincerely working to give the white ohildren a better chance than he gives the negro children, as might be Inferred by his speech in Jackson County. Not only has this professed friend of the white children In the hills of Jackson County permitted a division of the bond issue funds in such a way as to favor negro students of the A A'd - 'd A'd -41o:Ht_jiur.vry State Normal, also ' Aegroes, but he has made the further discrepancy, these Clarke Countlans charge, of di dividing - viding dividing the funds he hopes to secure on this amendment In such a way that even the student at the Uni University - versity University of Alabama gets little more than one-third the amount allocated to the negro student at A. & M. In Ininstltute. - instltute. Ininstltute. The following table gives the (Continued on Pnge Three) FIENHMf PL1PNIIY Hickman's Attorney Maps Out Defense Plea For Confessed Kidnaper And Slayer LOS ANGELES, Dec. 30. - (AP)-In 30. - (AP)-Insanity - sanity 30. - (AP)-Insanity will be the answer pleaded by William E. Hickman for his confessed abduction and murder of Marian Par Parker, - ker, Parker, it was announced today by his at attorney, - torney, attorney, Jerome Walsh, who was sent here by the mother of the 19-year-old youth to defend him. After a study of the California penal code, the insanity defense was outlined by the attorney as the basis of his fight for Hickman, who today told of officers - ficers officers that the $1,500 ransom obtained from the dead girl's father meant more to him than the child's right to live. Walsh, who arrived yesterday from Kansas City, Hickman's home town, spent the day closeted with Los An Angeles - geles Angeles officials and In Hickman's cell with the prisoner. He said that a night's examination of the state's penal code offered four possible aven avenues - ues avenues of plea. These are, he pointed out, ''guilty," "insanity," "guilty and in insane" - sane" insane" or "not guilty and Insane." The last pleas would require first a trial as to guilt of the charge of kidnaping and murder and later a sep separate - arate separate trial as to sanity, before either the same or a different jury. The legal roads open to a defense of Hickman on plea of insanity are founded on new sections of the penal code, legal authorities said, which have not been tested before the Su Supreme - preme Supreme Court. Walsh expressed his belief that Hickman had withheld information of the kidnaping and murder of the 12 12year-old - year-old 12year-old daughter of Perry M. Parker, bank official. He said he was con convinced - vinced convinced that the crime had not been committed by one person alone. The attorney also announced that Hickman's mother and sister might come to California for the trial. Dis. Atty. Asa Keyes received an offer of legal assistance for Hickman's attorney from L. G. King, of Flor Florid - id Florid (Continued On Page Two)

By JOB McCOY I Though no definite information could he obtained at the eapltol yesterday » concerning: what further steps the Ala Ala| - | Ala| bama Muscle Shoals Commission In Inj - j Inj tends to take in urging the rights ; which the commission contends are vested in the State of Alabama in con conI - I conI neetion with the great hydro-power j site at Muscle Shoals, Ala., it was learned from an authoritative source ! that there is a strong probability the matter will be carried to the United | States Supreme Court for final deter determination. - mination. determination. Lawrence Lee, personal advisor to j Gov. Bibb Graves, and John S. Tilley, j tli© governor's private secretary, when ; asked for a statement as to the fu fuj - j fuj ture course of action by the Muscle ; Shoals Commission, since Assistant ! United States Attorney General Par Parj - j Parj menter, in an official opinion rendered i Thursday, ruled against that body, j said they preferred not to make any i expression along these lines until they have conferred with Gov. Graves. The governor is out of the city, engaged In a speaking tour in support of the pro proposed - posed proposed $20,000,000 school bond issue Amendment, and will probably not be in his office, except for brief periods, until after the special election on Jan. 10. May Call Conference ^ There appears to be no doubt that aP soon as possible, Gov. Graves will call into conference members of the Muscle Shoals Commission, and that at thttf" conference, a future plan of action to carry forward the commission's claims on behalf of the State of Ala Alabama. - bama. Alabama. will be adopted. These claims, maintaining the state's inteerst in Mus Muscle - cle Muscle Shoals, which claims were support supported - ed supported by a comprehensive brief prepared by Mr. Tilley, who at that time was counsel for the Muscle Shoals Commis Commission, - sion, Commission, were first presented to Federal authorities last Summer. Press dispatches dealing with the opinion of Assistant Attorney General Parmenter quoted him as holding that the claim of the State of Alabama to title to Muscle Shoals is without fondatlon; and also as ruling that the United 8tates Government has full and complete title to Wilson Dam, the ni nitrate - trate nitrate fixation equipment and buildings, and all other government structures around Muscle Shoals. A copy of this i opinion has, not yet; been received in Hbe office of Gov. Graves. ^ DAIM BY FIRE One Large Ship, Many Smaller And Two Piers Destroyed In Million Dollar Blaze - ! HOBOKEN, N. J., Dec. «0. - (AP) - Fire which swept two blocks along the waterfront today destroyed the Clyde-Mallory Line ship, Seneca, sev several - eral several small vessels and two 700-foot j piers. The damage exceeded $1,250 - 000. A number of tugs and other craft were towed to safety. Fed by a heavy film of oil and gaso gasoline - line gasoline on the Hudson River, the flames raged over the area in the space of an hour. They w'ere under control at the end of that time, but broke out anew several hours later with the explo explosion - sion explosion of an oil storage chamber aboard the Seneca. Fire Chief Gildea had only a skele skeleton - ton skeleton force on duty, but succeeded In confining the fresh destruction to the ship. The cause of the conflagration was not learned. One report was that a spark dropping from the acetylene torch of a workman repairing a tug touched off the oil on the surface of the water, while another said that gaso gasoline - line gasoline exploded on one of the piers. The destruction of the Seneca was one of a series of disasters to over overtake - take overtake ships of the Clyde Line. Several of the company's best boats have been burned on the seas or in port. Built in 1894, as the Rawlins, the vessel was the first to be driven by electricity. It was successively the Powhatan, Cuba and Seneca and dur during - ing during the World War served as a troop transport. Jt was sunk by a submarine and later raised and later reconditioned. It had not been in use since September and was to be conditioned again for the New York-Miaml service. The Se Seneca - neca Seneca had accommodations for 250 pas passengers - sengers passengers besides freight. It was 2,963 tons gross and was valued at $750,000.

By ANDREW W. MELLON * Secretary Of Thfe Treasury WASHINGTON, Dec. 30. - (AP) - -Dur 30. - (AP) - -DurIng - Ing 30. - (AP) - -DurIng the last year the country has giv given - en given unmistakable evidence of the fact that underlying conditions are sound While there has been some recession tn business activity from the high lev levels - els levels of 1926, the growth of the country has proceeded along normal lines and great progress has been made even In the face of several adverse circum circum_10 - _10 circum_10 STATE HOSPITAL Fight For Freedom Carried To Another Court; Judge Consid Considers - ers Considers Him Dangerous CINCINNATI, Dec. 30. - (AP) - The unanimous finding of sanity by six of Cincinnati's most eminent specialists in mental diseases to the contrary. Judge William H. Lueders today de declared - clared declared George Remus "now insane and a dangerous person to be at large,'* and ordered him committed to the state hospital for criminal insane at Lima. The decision, however, merely marked a milestone in the strenuous fight of the former Chicago lawyer, who became the "king of bootleggers'* to evade punishment for the murder of his estranged wife, Imogens. The battle, almost immediately, was carried into another court* upon a pe petition - tition petition for a writ of habeas corpus. Gabriel Ryerson. brother-in-law of Remus, won the issuance of a forth forthwith - with forthwith write upon which final hearing was set for 10 o'clock next Tuesday morning when, under Judge Lueders' decision. Remus was to have been taken to Lima. In disregarding the finding of the alienists, three of whom sat with him at a one-day sanity hearing, and three of whom testified at Remus' murder trial which ended last week with ac acquittal - quittal acquittal upon the sole ground of in insanity, - sanity, insanity, Judge Lueders accepted entire responsibility. "The law rests with rhe," he ex explained. - plained. explained. "It directs the court call In medical witnesses, but in the last analysis it is for the probate court to decide from all the evidence in the case whether Remus is sane." For a score of years Judge Lueders has been -'the' probate court." He bears a wide . reputation locally for "common sense." Despite the report of the three-Wien three-Wientsts - tsts three-Wientsts who advised him Remus was sane, |u6«a Lueders YmukI support log logdecision - decision logdecision in this additional ftiforma ftiformation. - tion. ftiformation. * ''.1 "We also find that George Remus is a psychopath and therefore is a dan dangerous - gerous dangerous individual to be at large. We believe that he is a dangerous psycho psychopath. - path. psychopath. because he is unmoral, lacking a sense of ethics, emotionally unstable, being subject to unrestrained out outbreaks - breaks outbreaks of temper and rage and ego egocentric - centric egocentric to a pathological degree." The document bore the signatures of Drs. H. H. Hoppe, Thomas A. Ratliffe and Howard D. McIntyre. In addition two of the alientists who as murder trial witnesses reported Re Remus - mus Remus was sane, Drs. David I. Wolf Wolfstein - stein Wolfstein and Charles W. Kiely, testified at the Probate Court sanity hearing that Remus was a dangerous man. In pressing for the writ of habeas corpus and stating that tomorrow he would take an appeal to the Court of Common Please, Charles H. Elston, co cocounsel - counsel cocounsel with Remus, who represented himself in the murder trial, stated that there was no law providing for the confinement of a "dangerous." man. "Danger" in a man could not be anticipated, he said. Neither was Judge Lueders' opinion supported by the required affidavits of two medical men, asserted Elston. DEATHS FROM ALCOHOL DECREASE IN NEW YORK NEW YORK, Dec. 30. - (AP) - Deaths from wood alcohol have shown a con considerable - siderable considerable decrease in New York dur during - ing during the past seven years, Health Com Commissioner - missioner Commissioner Harris announced in a state statement - ment statement today, but during this period there has been a steady increase In deaths from chronic'alcoholism. "There have been 771 deaths from alcoholism up> to today this year," he said; "and 16 from wood alcohol pois poisoning." - oning." poisoning."

avoiding: the ' accumulation of exces excessive - sive excessive Inventories. It is this' adapta adaptability - bility adaptability on the part of American busi business - ness business which Is one of the greatest causes for confidence In the future. Throughout the year employment was steady; wages were maintained at a high level; living costs were lowered; due to declining commodity prices, and the purchasing power of farm products enhanced, as measured in terms of non-agrlcultural products. All of this resulted in a sustained pur purchasing - chasing purchasing power on the part of the pub public* - lic* public* generally, which contributed to the stability of business and industry. Interest rates declined on industrial and government securities and also on farm issues, while banks showed large increases in loans and Investments and ample credit was available for the legitimate needs both of this country and foreign borrowers. Certain factors which exercised a deterrent influence fn 1927 may be expected to disappear in the coming year. For instances, the decline in the automobile industry, with a result resulting - ing resulting effect on the steel industry, was due to special causes, such as a tem temporary - porary temporary curtailment of output in auto automobile - mobile automobile production. The normal ex expansion - pansion expansion of these major industries, which may reasonably be expected from now on, should have a favorable ef effect - fect effect on business in 1928. All of these circumstances Justify us In the belief that we may look for forward - ward forward to continued progress in the year ahead. Nearly $2,500,000 Over 1926 At Close Of Business Yesterday Bank clearings for Montgomery dur during - ing during the year 1927 at the close of bus business - iness business yesterday, Dec. 30, showed a gain of nearly $2,500,000 over the clearings for the year 1926, according to figures from the Clearing House Association. Clearings for the month of December at the close of business yesterday ; showed a substantial gain over those I of Dec., 1926 and also Nov., 1927. , Clearings for tlie year 1927 at the I i nf beelKiiYjik yesterday- amounted ! to $88,149,803.61 while those for the ' entire year 1926 amounted to $85, $85,733,107.12. - 733,107.12. $85,733,107.12. Those for this year with today's clearings still to be included already showed a gain of $2,416,699.49 over 1926 clearings. The biggest month for clearings in 1926 was January when the amount was $9,233,521.01. The biggest month in 1927 was September with clearings totaling $9,789,358.08, more than a half million dollars increase over the big biggest - gest biggest month of last year. Bank clearings for December at the close of business yesterday were $8, $8,268,764.31. - 268,764.31. $8,268,764.31. Those for Dec., 1926, were $7,122,784.66. Clearings for Nov., 1927, were $7,984,919.78. December of this year has thus far shown a gain of $1,145,979.65 as compared with Dec., 1926 and a gain of $283,844.53 in com comparison - parison comparison with November. SEARCH FOR NEGRO 'DROWNER' STARTED Sheriffs Deputies And Bands Of Citizens Scour Arkansas For Accused Man CHATFIELD, ARK., Dec. 30. - (AP) - Blamed by a coroner's jury for the death by drowning of Julius McCol McCollum, - lum, McCollum, 11 years old, Elbert Thomas, ne negro - gro negro was the object of a wide search by sheriffs' deputies and bands of cit citizens - izens citizens tonight. Absence of water in the boy's lungs when his body was taken frorp a bayou near here last night led officers to the belief he had been held by his heels and his head submerged in the stream. His boots, in which he carried his money, were missing, giving credence to !a robbery motive.

MIDGE INDUCED TO ALTERMESSAGE Farm Bureau Officials Influence President To Add Sentence To His Address nr IU SSKI.I, KBST WASHING TOM, Dec. 30. - An *m*H' ?i lng story to the effect that officials of the American Farm Bureau Federation Induced Pres. Cooltdge to change that part of his address to Congress which concerns Muscle Shoals is being cir circulated - culated circulated by proponents of the bid 'of the American Cyanamid Company in lob lobbying - bying lobbying for passage of the Madden bill which embodies that offer. The use to which this story Is be being - ing being put and the copies of telegrams which are being displayed to support its veracity apparently call for recog recognition - nition recognition of the situation at the Whito House for never before during the Coolidge regime has there been such an open boast that pressure has been exerted successfully to change the text and tenor of any part of a presidential message. For ten days prior to the holiday recess of Congress there were rumor* that the American Farm Bureau Fed Federation - eration Federation had been responsible for the last minute change in the Muscle Shoals section of the president's an* nual message to Congress and that lobbyists for the American Cyanamid Company's offer were using the sub* Ject to substantiate claims that the administration is heartily supporting this proposal. But it has been possible to establish only now the truth of these rumors. In the original draft of his message * to Congress copies of which were de delivered - livered delivered in confidence to the press soma ten days in advance, Pres. Coolidga executed what appeared to be an about face in regard to Muscle Shoals and apparently agreed with Sec. Jardlne's ideas that the cyanamid process of producing nitrogen, with which proc process - ess process Nitrate Plant No. 2 is equipped, is obsolete and that the Muscle Shoals plants are of little value for national defense. The president observed that "this leaves this project mostly con concerned - cerned concerned with power" and he advised that the plants be sold and the pro proceeds - ceeds proceeds used in "research for methods of more economical production of con concentrated - centrated concentrated fertiliser and to demonstra demonstrations - tions demonstrations and other methods of stimulating its use on the farm." Am Added Sentence When the message actually, wa* f Songress, hqwevev%theve . * appeared an added sentence to "thfc section. This addition read: "But in disposing of the property preference should be given to proposals to use all or part of it for nitrate produc production - tion production and fertilizer manufacturing/* a ( sentence which obviously conflicted with the preceding parts 6f the para paragraphs - graphs paragraphs In spirit at least. According to the story now being circulated among members of Congress In soliciting votes for the Madden bill, which is to be reintroduced next week in slightly amended form, an advance copy of the president's message wan seen by officers of the American Farm Bureau Federation who were dismayed at the Muscle Shoals paragraphs. Chea Cheater - ter Cheater Hi Gray, Washington representa* tlve of the,federation and Edward A. O'Neal of Alabama, vice-president, had called on Pres. Coolidge in reference to Muscle Shoals just prior to going to Chicago for the annual convention of the organization, which was held si* multaneously with the opening of Con Congress. - gress. Congress. The story runs that they left the White House satisfied that tho president was at least sympathetic to toward - ward toward the Madden bill with its cyanamid company offer.

AUTO TO EVERY FIVE Gain Of 24,908 Private Cars Shown Over 1926; Total Vehicles 225,424 If the number of automobiles in operation in Alabama continues to in increase - crease increase at the pace maintained during the past two or three years, the lowly pedestrian will practically have ceased to exist, at least theoretically, before the close of the next decade. Yesterday, the total of automobiles owned and operated in the state, in including: - cluding: including: private cars, trucks, taxis and buses, was 224,589. On the basis of population of two and a half million and estimating: five persons to the family, there is now an automobile for approximately every five families in Alabama. Figures compiled by John S. Moor Mooring, - ing, Mooring, assistant to the state tax com commission, - mission, commission, from the total registration ol .motor vehicles to date as reported t< the commission, show that on yester yesterday, - day, yesterday, there were 195,248 private car* owned and operated in Alabama at thai time, compared with 170,340 on the same date last year - or an increase within the period of 12 months, of 29, 29,281 - 281 29,281 private cars. On yesterday, the same tabiHatior shows, there were 28,188 motor truck* in operation in the state, compared with 23,855 on the same date a year ago; and 1,158 taxis and motor buses compared with 1,113 at the same time last year. The total of private cars trucks, taxis and buses being operated in Alabama on Dec. 30, last year, was 195,308. In addition to the 224,589 private au automobiles, - tomobiles, automobiles, motor trucks, taxis and mo mo$or - $or mo$or buses being operated in the state yesterday, there were also in opera operation - tion operation 350 hearses and ambulances, eight jitney buses, 21 tractors, 447 state car* and nine'free ambulances. These fig figure* - ure* figure* increase the sum total of motor vehicles registered with the tax com commission - mission commission up to yesterday, to 225,424.

eager throngs; they awaken mingled feelings of adoration and horror, pre presentiments - sentiments presentiments of catastrophe And ruin, slavery and death. But this hero of the air who dims the exploits of the spectacular heroes of legend, from Hercules to Napolean, awakens In the multitudes a..feeling of mystical ten tenderness, - derness, tenderness, of respectful admiration, as if this noble and humble figure Illumi Illuminated - nated Illuminated with his gentleness all hearts, making them good and teaching them the divine commandment: "Love one another." The United States, a wonder nation among peoples, a laboratory of prodi prodigies, - gies, prodigies, needed to produce an exceptional spirit, a Charles Lindbergh, to recon reconcile - cile reconcile them with the rest of humanity. Those nations which feel rusplcious of the power of the United States open their arms readily, with all the pure pureness - ness pureness of. sincerity, to recetvs Lindbergh like a herald of peace and concord. sCossserer Of Hearts** This conqueror of hearts is giving a new orientation to the foreign poli policy - cy policy of the Americas, proving that arms and gold are only Instruments which have to serve the spirit of international fraternity for the cooperation of all peoples In, the great undertaking of civilisation and culture. I have gased at Lindbergh several times and he always creates In me an Impression which Is not of this world. I see, trembling In his Ups, glowing in his blushing cheeks, a Messianic mes message. - sage. message. This message has been received in Guatemala and it has been answered with a like feeling of gratitude and admiration, the people seeing In Lind Lindbergh - bergh Lindbergh a citisen of the world; a sera seraphic - phic seraphic and celestial ambassador who Is sent through the air by the land of Washington to broadcast In all lati latitudes - tudes latitudes and to all men: "Let us be brothers." '