The Oasis, 1893-11-30

Man and Wife May Kaeh Take Land. HOMESTEAD ANI ItKSKHT LAND ACTS. Advantagra of tli I'omMiicd Two rrlvllf(tr When to Tmk. ThirdPap'-r. To the Editor (f The Oasis: DeaiI Siii: In jirt'ceding letters I hav it'iOiud Attention to thti great Ufeas of free government land ojkmi to sett lenient undei the hoiii'tead ilnd desert land law?. In the vicinity Of Arizola, and showed the existence tif an abundant subterranean supply (if water within easy reach by ordinary pumps, for irrigating these lauds, and Offered suggestions by which settlers bf small means could utilize w indmills, in connection with horsepowers, or economical vapor engines, for iulsing this water In sufficient (iuantltles,and it may not U: amiss to show how a man and his wife can combine, to use the privileges now remaining (the LAND T.AWSWEKE (TIANOF.O In MM), and the advantage that may lx made to ipsuH, toother with an outline of the nensary steps to get title to a desirable and vnluahle home. Homestead lands of the yc.verniiient with a nuNFAbt, sufficient to make them productive, AREnoNK to prevh O'H ettlers: pre-emption and timtwr culture ns means of securing lands h.ive b-en AIot,silKi)b law, htityoUf sect Inn of Arizona can offer homeseek homeseek-crs - crs homeseek-crs hot 1 1 the hotnesteiid mid the des desert - ert desert land privilege) by which they may secure title to more, deshahle orchard and fruit lands, with (canal or subter subterranean) - ranean) subterranean) water for Irrigation. THE ItOMUsTEAD LAW allows any citizen, man or woman, (but not both man and wife) twenty-one years of age or the head of a family, to take up 100 acres, and requires that residence on the land tie. established before the expiration of six months from date, of entering the land at the land ofllcc (Tucson, Arizona, for your section). At the expiration of four fourteen - teen fourteen (14) months the land may be pur purchased - chased purchased from the government for $1.2. per acre by making proof of residence or cultivation of some port ion of the land: or after Ave years' residence the land may be had free f cost, on making usual proof of residence and cultivation of some portion of the ICO ajres. THE DESERT LAND LAW. allows any citizen (man or woman) of the United States, and at the time of entry a resident of t lie territory, after h'.kino the land, to "enter"' 320 (or a less amount down to 40) acres ot "des "desert" - ert" "desert" land, by making payment of 2,"cts. per acre on entering the land at the local land ollice, two witnesses testify testifying - ing testifying as to Its desert character (i. e. hav having - ing having no running water on i 1 , or having no natural growth of trees, other than the mesquite, or natural supply of wa watt - tt watt r to grow crops without irrigation.) Having entered the land the "desert land"' claimant to get title must make Improvements amounting in all to at least $.'1.00 per acre, and get from ca canals - nals canals or by pumping a suitieient water supply and actually irrigate all the land entered, and pay the government !M.0o per acre on making final proof, The "improvements" may be by work done on the land by the claimant (clearing, fencing, ditching, plowing. At., kt.), and also hv purchaM of m-

JEFRSOX BARRACKS. Mo. U. S. A. November IS, ltW2. f The neat Kreeda. Breeder-a Caiette. Cassius M. Clay writes: As my farm lias been for three quar quarters - ters quarters of a century at "experiment sta station" - tion" station" many write for my opinions and experience. The race horse is the fleetest. The trotters and the heavy French horses are the best for use. The mule is the best farm power. The . Shorthorn is the best "Bo" genus. The Duroc-Jerseys are the best hogs. The Southdowns among sheep art what Shorthorns are among cattle. The Houdans are the best layer but need a few of the Chinas or other kinds to do the setting. The bronze turkeys are first in shtt and beauty. The Pekin ducks are one of the befc breeds of this genus. The dogs are so different in their purjioses that it is difficult to place them. TheCcllie is thought to be. the most intelligent. All dogs by nature are inclined to kill sheep; t hey must be broken to keep the peace in early life. Cats and traps by diligence will keep, down -rats and mic. I cannot say which is the best species. The minks, weasels and blacksnakes assist. It Is hard to say what birds are use useful - ful useful to man. Nature provides a general equilibrium man must help, only ju judiciously. - diciously. judiciously. I am the friend of all the picus genus of crows and blackbirds. Almost all birds will eat insects, ex except - cept except the English sparrow kill him. I doubt whether it is best to kill birds of prey hawks, owls, etc. Toads and ants are useful in th garden. I think ants seldom eat vege vegetable, - table, vegetable, but are insect iverons wj destsuctive to all larvr. Hoi Knot. Frank D. Mammon in Arlaona CMatt. The best authorities on tree culturr agree that what is termed "reot knofc" in fruit trees Is caused by a sud6 checking of the flow of sap, usually by reason of some severe change in th weather, which acts upon the tender young tree much like a severe cold on a j)erson, closing the pores in the leave and stopping natural evajwration. The action of the root not yet being affected the supply of sap coutinues until the accumulation bursts the out out-side - side out-side covering and forms a porous, can cancerous - cerous cancerous growth, usually near the crown of the root, and just below the ground. This is what is termed "root knot,.' and every nurseryman (especially ou the Pacific coast where trees make so rank a growth and are, therefore, the more suscejitible to any severe change in the weather) has had more or less experience with it. (iood. 'healthy trees are often attacked after being transplanted from the nursery. "Hoot knot" is not at all contagoius, as has been proved time and again, and n authority on horticulture considers it e.

AriCtfT'rely clear iky Is denoted by a cipbtr and numerals dtuute tenths of total obscura obscuration - tion obscuration by clouds, build a wooden or adobe inexpensive, house, oli bis homestead as required by law. Even One room will answer, usiug tents for household and other purposes. No barn is necessary, but a tent of the "stable" variety would be good for stock and cost but little, and in that dry climate would last for many- years. Having a house on his homestead he can next attend toclear toclear-ing - ing toclear-ing sagebrush, etc., front hi wife's desert land entry, around aud below t tie well corner, so that water pumped from the well by windmill and horse power hall flow over and irrigate the the land as It is cleared. Clearing off sagebrush Is easy work. Next let him fence ten or twenty acres of this land, getting mesquite posts from lower down in the vallcjvor old tieHfrom the railroad people; and barbed wire nt Arizola. This gives him a corral for his utock, and he can then at his leisure put up d windmill of the larg largest - est largest size he can afford, (16-foot geared steel mills can be bought In Chicago for 9135 00) and get a triple plunger pump (with sprocket wheel to run by chain belt front windmill sprocket) and a strong horse power ($100 laid down from Chicago) to pump by horses when the winds relax, He is then ready to pump water to Irrigate fully eighty acres of land at once, and can plant crop and start his orchard. Five or ten acres should be seeded to alfolfa for feeding his stock. He is then readv to work for his neighbors or continue his own work. He will have thus made all improvements re required - quired required ly law to enable his wife to make the Fntsr "annual" proof in the desert land entry, and he can again be one of her witnesses at the land office in making snch proof, and It should le made as long before the end of the year as jHi.ssiltle.to avoid any accidental delay near the end of the year from the date of entry, since the annual proof must be made inside the year. Any intelligent man can see the rest of the way. repcatingeachycara jiroof of further improvements tot lie amount of 91 .00 jier acre, and year by year in in-creasiugthe - creasiugthe in-creasiugthe pumping jihuit by more imwer and more pumps, and even a new well or wells, situated so as to t um, and jiowei and jiunips to run wa water - ter water to supply each "legal sub-division" 10 acres. Then they can (fourth year) make final proof. Meanwhile, after fourteen months residence on the 'Homestead, he could, pcrliajis, nav his 1.2.) iter acre for a cash coin-

year for tlie first, second and third year, iikkoue the end of each year from date of entry. At the proof for the third year he must submit a plat or sketch of the land showing actual Improvements made, and lie must get water to Irrigate all the land, or as much as he can, before" or during the fourth year, and make "tinal proof and pay $1.U0 per acre to the govern government.. - ment.. government.. Ity comparison it readily appears that title to "desert land" is more costly by way of "desert land entry" than by a simple "homestead entry," and that the desert land law gives ct the most four years to make title, and requires an mutual proor or improve improvements - ments improvements to the amount of sl.(Hl per acre, and a final proof of water supjily and Irrigation: while the homestead law re requires - quires requires only one proof, either for cash commutation (at -1.25 per Here after fourteen fnontlis) or for ultimate title after five years and before the expiration of seven years. TAXES saved, Neither case requires any payment of taxes on the land or improvements till actual title has bet'n acquired, (taxes on personal property being the only one to pay while getting t itle (o the land) for the government owns the land until it parts with It title to the set tlers. This f reedon from taxes' Is imjiortaiit since the value of land be conies great with water for irrigation, and taxes are a cash expense. A let letter - ter letter from the Interior Department at Washington is my authority for the above .statement (oMiuNtNo liorit fin viLec.es. Let us suppose a man and wife, not content with 100 acres, want to add another 1C0 or even 1120 acres to their holdings for their children He could make a "homestead" entry of lflOacres and she could make a "desert land" entry of 320 acres or less, adjoining the homestead of her husband. There is abundance of opportunity to do this in the beautiful plain to the north and west of Arizola. with its thous ands of acres of fkee land, all having abundance of water to irrigate at depths of thirty- to sixty feet below the surface. STEl'S TOW A an TITLE. Having seen the lands and then

chlnery, pumps, &c.) or water rights. If the party is financially able to meet all the expenses at once the title may be secured any time during the first Jear, by irrigating it all at once and by actual cultivation of one-eighth (i) of the acres "entered," making proof of havinte made improvements to the value of 93.00 per acre arid paying the government $1.00 per acre!. Jfut mi the other hand if the claimant has "more time than money," and wishes to earn money, (on (he land or by work working - ing working elsewhere) he need only make im improvements - provements improvements on the land to the amount one dollar per acre, (and furnish proof by testimony of twe witnesses) each

sight of a railroad, in a good neighbor neighborhood, - hood, neighborhood, a healthy climate, and with schools and civilization at his hand. Who wilheome to take the gifts your section of Arizona offers? Not many will have a chance five years from now. Promptness gains the prizes every everywhere, - where, everywhere, and fruit farms are prizes in indeed. - deed. indeed. It. B. ItKYAN,

occasional streak of hard pan of a few j mutation, get title and sell ajiortiou inches, and the well could be done in- j to enable him to put improved jiower ide of a week. Then, having abund-jor pumps or implements on the re re-anc - anc re-anc of delicious, pui water, he ran mainder. All this time h will b in

totbe. desert "character" of her en entry) - try) entry) his first work should be to dig a Well ON' THE DESERT LAN D SECTION. with the help of one of the many good well diggers in the vicinity of Arizola. This is easv because there is no rock r, tw.iw.truiK imlv s:ui(t. cliiv. and an I