Fort Huachuca, Cavalry Stable, Clarkson Road, Sierra Vista (HABS AZ-210-D)

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS AZ-210-D. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Building is located along the west side of Clarkson Road, north of the intersection with Hungerford Avenue. It is the middle of seven cavalry stables aligned in a row on the site. The complex is located at Fort Hua- chuca (Sierra Vista vicinity), Cochise County, Arizona. The building and its complex lie within the Quartermaster area (Figure D.1 ). USGS Quadrangle, Fort Huachuca, Ariz., 7.5 minute series, photo- revised in This building is bounded by the following UTM coordinates: Zone 12 Northing Easting NW SW NE SE Date of Construction: Designer: Quartermaster Corps. Builder: United States Army.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS AZ-210-D. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Building is a modified but integral component of Fort Huachuca's cavalry stable complex. The seven cavalry stables at Fort Huachuca were completed in utilizing a standardized Quartermaster Corps plan. The structures are eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places due to their association with the Cavalry and the Punitive Expedition into Mexico in (Criterion A) and because they represent the only known examples of stables constructed using the Quartermaster Corps plan no. 291 (Criterion C). FORT HUACHUCA,

Cavalry Stable Hass

No. AZ-210-D (Page 2) LIST OF FIGURES SITE PLAN SHOWING BUILDING LOCATION 13 U.S. ARMY QUARTERMASTER CORPS FORM, NO.

173A; INITIAL PROPERTY RECORD CARD, BUILDING 13 BUILDING THREE-QUARTER VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST, SHOWING ITS GABLED FORM AND WINDOW 14 CONCRETE STEM WALL AT NORTHWEST CORNER, SHOWING SERIOUS FOUNDATION CRACKS 14 EXTERIOR SOUTH WALL, SHOWING DETERIORATED BOARD- AND-BATTEN SIDING AT BASE ROOF STRUCTURE, VISIBLE ONLY IN OPEN AREA AT WEST END OF BUILDING STONE RETAINING WALL AND STAIRS, CONCRETE LANDING, AND WOODEN STAIRS PROVIDING VERTICAL ACCESS TO THE WEST DOOR SOUTH DOOR, A SLIDING ASSEMBLY OF PLYWOOD WITH BOARD STILES AND RAILS STALL WINDOW ON SOUTH WALL WITH SECURITY GRILL DISLODGED 17 CENTRAL TROPHY ROOM WITH ELONGATED, OCTAGONAL WALLS, FROM WEST STORAGE AREA SHOWING HORIZONTAL BOARD-AND-GYPSUM WALLBOARD CLADDING ON SOUTH PERIMETER WALL, INSTALLED DURING USE OF THE BUILDING AS A STORAGE FACILITY 18 OLD DECIDUOUS TREES IN EARTH PAD CONTAINED BY STONE RETAINING WALL, POSSIBLY BUILT DURING THE W.P.A.

ERA 18 QUARTERMASTER CORPS FORM NO. 117 FOR BUILDING 23 REAL PROPERTY RECORD CARD, DA FORM BUILDING "EVACUATION PLAN, A FIRE ESCAPE PLAN, OR LATER "TYPICAL BUILDINGS, CLOSED STABLE," A STANDARDIZED PLAN VERY SIMILAR TO FORT HUACHUCA'S CAVALRY STABLES FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 3) PART I. HISTORICAL INFORMATION A. Physical History 1. Date of erection: According to U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps Form No. 173a this building and the other six cavalry stables were completed 5 January (Figure HASS No. AZ-210-0-5). 2. Architect: The Office of the Constructing Quartermaster Corps (O.C.Q.M.C.), provider of standardized plan no. as indicated on Form No.173a. In this corps was one of five divisions of the Office of the Quartermaster General in Washington, (Chat- tey 3.

Original owner, occupants, uses: The owner has been the U.S. Army. The known original occupant/user was the 1Oth Cavalry and its mounts. Very little information has been found about subsequent tenants, although the building's uses can be determined. The build- ing still had horses in (Parkhurst and Thiel However, the photograph attached to U.S. Army War Department Form No. 117 shows wagons stored in its pad- dock (Figure In a inventory, this building was still classified as a stable (U.S.A.C.E. By the building had become a storage facility (Post Engineer Of- fice It retained this use-general-purpose storage-until when it became an engineer hous- ing maintenance building. In it was partitioned and converted to office use, and its classification changed to general purpose administration.

In it was re-classified again as a general-purpose storage facility (U.S. Army Form Building is currently vacant and will be demolished. 4. Builder, contractor, and suppliers: Built by the U.S. Army. Information about the con- tractor or suppliers has not been located. The photograph on Form No. 173a shows a recently constructed building. Unlike photographs of the other stables, there are no labor- ers visible (Figure It was Quartermaster Corps policy for Army buildings to be erected and repaired by the troops (Chattey 5. Original plans and construction: Office of the Constructing Quartermaster Corps, standardized plan no. 291 (U.S.A.Q.M.C.

This plan could not be found at the National Archives; thus, it is not known whether its application on this post followed the standard or was a local modification to accommodate topographic and climatic conditions at Fort Hua- chuca (Chattey 6. Alterations and additions: All cavalry stables in the complex, including Building have been modified to a greater or lesser extent. Building has undergone moderate exterior modifications and extensive interior modifications. Exterior modifications include door opening alterations, original door replacement, and the addition of two non-original doors. In addition, there was alteration and replacement of all double-hung windows in when the building was partitioned into offices.

Although the interior of the building has been compromised, its exterior retains much of its essential character, and it remains an integral, contributing component of the whole complex. FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 4) As built in at its east end on either side of the aisle, the stable had a forage and grain room and a saddle room (U.S.A.Q.M.C. In as diagramed on Form No. 117 ), the property record card, there was a forage and grain room to the north and a saddle shop with a 9-ft-square tool room addition to the south (Figure ). These rooms were demolished during the remodel. Possibly during the late or early the W.P.A.

era at Fort Huachuca, a stone re- taining wall and stairs were added at the northwest and west ends of the building (Parkhurst and Thiel When the building was modified to a warehouse, probably in the early a system of wainscot-level horizontal boards with early gypsum wallboard above was installed on the interior face of the former open-frame perimeter walls. Some of this early cladding can be seen in the west, storage end of the building. In the east half of the building was converted to offices, and the extensive partitioning that occurred currently remains. This work involved the removal of a few structural posts and the demolition of the historic storage rooms, although their concrete floors were retained.

Openings for the double-hung windows and a few stall windows were altered to accommo- date aluminum, double-hung window sash. Mechanical equipment was installed, in particu- lar evaporative coolers, which required removal of window sash for ducts. During this work, the west half of the building was used for storage. Wire-mesh cages were created from former stall bays defined by the original posts, and a large storage room was built at the west end. After the building was vacated recently, destructive, environmental hazards inspection work was undertaken. In the storage end of the building, removal of ceilings in the cages and some wall cladding allows the observer to view the original structure. B.

Historical Context The United States Army completed the construction of seven cavalry stables at Fort Hua- chuca, Arizona, in January The stables housed horses and mules used by members of the Cavalry popularly known as the Buffalo Soldiers. The mid-191 Os saw a military buildup along the United States-Mexican border, as internal Mexican political problems es- calated. As intense fighting took place in northern Sonora, Fort Huachuca personnel pa- trolled the border, protected local residents and sought to prevent smuggling activities. Members of the Cavalry participated in the Punitive Expedition, the last ma- jor use of cavalry forces by the United States Army. The seven stables were likely one of the last cavalry stables complexes built in the United States.

The Punitive Expedition saw the first use of motorized vehicles by the military and afterward the Army turned away from horse-mounted soldiers. The 1oth Cavalry left Fort Huachuca in however, the stables remained in use until at least They were later used for other purposes, including storage and office space (Parkhurst and Thiel To reinforce the formality that was traditional at historic, American military forts, stables tended to be repetitious units arranged in an orderly pattern not far from the barracks of the troops. Such repetition could be assured by the use of a standardized plan. Fort Huachuca's FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 5 seven cavalry stables were located in the expanded Quartermaster area.

Aligned in a row along the railroad right-of-way, the buildings constituted a property of identical buildings, each having a simple gable-roofed form (minus monitor) generated from Quartermaster Corps plan no. The stables were of the straight, double-loaded, central corridor type with identical, un-gated stalls lining the sides (Parkhurst and Thiel PART II. ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION A. General Statement 1. Architectural character: Like the other six stables in this complex, Building is distinctive for its simple morphology, a form most suited to its original function, the stabling of seventy-eight cavalry mounts. Generated from an elongated rectangular footprint, its walls arise punctuated by a regular array of double-hung and square windows and its cap is a low-pitch, gabled roof.

In addition, its partly visible, exposed structural system is an ele- gant, although rustic, integration of repetitious components (Figure HASS No. AZ-21 O- D-1 ). The prototypical cavalry stable was an elongated, gable-roofed building with concrete foundations and a frame bearing wall system with interior posts installed along a central aisle that supported repetitive, exposed roof framing. Exterior walls were board and batten and roofing was corrugated metal. There were three door openings, one on each gable end and one on the north side wall to allow mounts access into the paddock. Ramps were pro- vided where needed. Readable photographs of the main entry doors alone can be found, showing a pair of swinging, wood-panel doors with one light above.

Fenestration included six-over-six double-hung windows for storage rooms near the east end and an array of square, six-light windows to illuminate individual stalls. Inside, on either side of the central aisle at the east end, were a forage and grain room and a saddle room. These rooms had concrete floors plus vertical board siding along the aisle and horizontal wood sheathing inside. The end walls of each room, which formed one side of an adjacent stall, was reinforced by thicker, horizontal, board sheathing. Each room had two panel doors on the aisle and ceilings were board and batten. The rest of the building was devoted to the stabling of horses and mules in repetitive, dou- ble-stall bays defined by the wood posts. Here the walls were unfinished with exposed fram- ing.

There was no ceiling other than the roof framing clad in corrugated metal. The floor was dirt. Stall rails were framed into the back of each post, and there were no gates at the aisle. Mangers were attached to walls where animals were tethered. 2. Condition of fabric: The overall structural condition of Building appears to be relatively sound in spite of its vintage, its vacant, neglected state, and its current exposure to the elements through open doors and some unglazed window openings. Its foundation has a large structural crack on the northwest corner but is otherwise in fair condition. Its exterior wall cladding is weathering and currently is in fair-to-poor condition. FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HASS No. AZ-210-D (Page 6) B. Description of Exterior 1.

Overall dimensions: Building is 219 ft, 9 inches long by 30 ft, 5 % inches wide. The walls are approximately 1O ft, 8 inches high from the top of the stem wall to the top of the wall plate. The gable height is approximately 18 ft. 2. Foundations: Foundations are hand-poured, board-formed concrete and comprise an 8- inch-thick stem wall. It is unlikely there is any steel reinforcing in this foundation. Due to the site slope, the stem wall is not visible near the east end of the building, but it is exposed along most of the north fa(;(ade and elsewhere. Its hand-poured quality is seen in occasional voids and seams from uneven board placement. The stem wall is painted tan to match the current color of the walls.

The stem wall is mostly in fair condition with some narrow cracks and abrasion, but there are two large structural cracks on the north wall near the west end. They are in the zone of the large deciduous trees adjacent to the building and extend through a stone retaining wall feature. Roots may have caused the cracks. Where the wall has deteriorated or in voids, it can be seen that a large stone aggregate was used in the original concrete mix (Figure Two square areas in the concrete floor of the former east store rooms indicate where origi- nal posts were removed for the modifications. The concrete showing below each phan- tom post is undoubtedly the top of an original concrete pad, approximately 7 inches square in plan, of the sort that was installed beneath every post.

The pad was level with the top of the wall foundation. 3. Walls: Exterior walls are structural wood frame sheathed in a vertical board-and-batten system that extends from the eaves and gable rakes to approximately 5 inches below the top of the exposed concrete stem wall. Boards and battens vary slightly in width. The boards average approximately % inch by 9 Y2 inches, and the battens are approximately % inch by 3 inches wide. The board-and-batten system produces a regular with battens casting shadows at different times of the day and year. Where paint is chipped off on this building and the walls of the other cavalry stables, it is evident that there have been at least four coatings of paint on each building. The earliest layer appears to have been a strong Kelly green.

The second layer was a cream yellow, and the third a powder blue. The final layer, visible today, is a medium-tan brown. The condition of the exterior walls at this time ranges from fair to poor, with the poor condi- tion largely on the south and west walls. Although painted, some boards and battens are split and broken or dislodged from the frame. Deterioration is especially evident along the lower edges. The last coating of paint is also weathered and deteriorating, especially on the south fa(;(ade (Figure 4. Structural system: Due to the extent of the modifications, with the exception of posts, it is difficult to observe the original structural system except in the west storage area, where the ceiling or wall cladding has been demolished. Many, but not all, of the posts remain.

(They have been removed in the two offices at the far eastern end of the building. Compen- sation for the structural deficiency undoubtedly occurs above the ceilings and cannot be ob- served.) Remaining posts are sheathed in painted boards in the office end of the building. They are painted but otherwise unmodified in the storage end. FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 7) The structural system is a wood frame bearing wall system on continuous concrete founda- tions with two internal, longitudinally placed rows of regularly spaced posts along a central aisle. Since ties and braces occur well above the ceiling level in the modified areas, it can be assumed that the original structure remains relatively unmodified.

Typically, posts would be braced and tied to the walls, the sloping roof rafters, and across the aisle by lateral, longi- tudinal, and diagonal members. Posts, roof framing members, and roofing nailing boards appear to be of redwood, whereas wall studs and exterior board siding are probably fir wood. Connectors are nails. The bearing walls are 2" x 6" studs, visible in one area where sheathing has been demol- ished on the north inner wall face. The walls are attached to a 6" x 8" wood sill on the con- crete stem wall. Undoubtedly there are the typical double plates atop the studs and horizon- tal 2" x 4" blocking at three levels above the sill and openings are double-framed. The posts are 6" x 6" redwood timbers that extend from the concrete foundation pad to the bottom edge of a rafter.

Except for the longitudinal 3" x 1O" support header and the 3" x 6" tie beam at the top of the posts, framing members are 2" x It can be observed that posts are tied, in typical fashion, longitudinally along the aisle at the top and at 9 ft, 7 inches above the floor. There are flanking, diagonal, braces. This bracing gives a truss-like appearance. Each post is also connected to the top of the nearest wall by a tie beam attached to a rafter and the wall plate. Such tying occurs on the east side of every sixth rafter. Where visible in the storage area of Building most structural members are intact. However, a few tie beams have been cut (Figure Roof rafters are 2" x 6"s that extend beyond the walls to form eaves with overhangs. They tie into a thin ridge member.

Above the rafters are 2" x 4" nailing boards to which corrugated metal roofing is attached. The 2" x 4"s extend beyond the gable walls to form rake over- hangs. With the exception of posts and the small areas of roof framing and wall, the condition of the structural framing cannot be observed due to extensive modifications in this building. 5. Entrance aprons, ramps, platforms and stairs: Photographs on forms 173a and 117 do not show any kind of grade-level apron at the principal, east entry up to (Figure Figure ). The current, slightly sloped, angled concrete apron between the door and the road pavement probably appeared when the building was converted to a stor- age facility, in the This apron was once painted yellow with diagonal black stripes.

Due to the site slope, ramps or stairs have been needed to provide access from grade to the other entrance doors of Building Recent documentation of Building shows a wooden loading platform for the south sliding door (Chatley This platform no longer exists. Nor is there a platform to serve the current door on the north fac;ade. On the west end, a 13-ft-wide strip of earth building "pad" for Building is contained in a stone retaining wall approximately 2 ft, 6 Y2 inches high from the asphalt pavement at grade. This retaining wall continues around the north facade of the building at the west end. It may have been one of many Depression-era, W.P.A. projects constructed at Fort Hua- chuca (Parkhurst and Thiel It is an additional 4 ft, 6 inches from the building pad to the west door sill.

To accommodate the rise in this location, a feature has been built includ- FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 8~ ing a base of stone stairs, a concrete landing, and a flight of wood stairs to the main door (Figure The base stairs are rubble stone masonry with variable width treads and variable height ris- ers. They are incorporated into the retaining wall. The landing is a well-constructed 3 %- inch-thick slab of very fine aggregate concrete. There is a 2-inch-diameter, threaded metal pipe railing here. The stone, concrete, and pipe work may predate the wooden stairs. The wooden stairs are wide with treads built from two 2" x 6"s supported on three notched stringers. The railing is built of 2" x 4"s on 3 %-inch-square posts. 6.

Chimneys: There are seven metal flues through the roof to serve the office end of the building. 7. Openings: a. Doorways and Doors: Building has five exterior doors. The east door opening has been obscured by infill. So, too, has the west door, but the size of its opening can still be read. The current north opening may be original. Otherwise, this opening may have been located in a zone east of this door where wallboards have been cut short and the sill shows. The north door itself is a later addition. The photograph on Form No. 173a shows there was no south opening originally (Figure Thus, the sliding door at the west end of the south fa<;ade and the personnel door near the east end are later additions.

When the extensive modifications occurred, the principal east entry was framed in with board-and-batten sheathing around a centrally located, 0-inch by 8-inch flush panel, metal door. Both the door and its metal frame are currently dislodged. The west opening has also been filled in around a personnel door (Figure This opening was originally 10 ft, 2 inches wide by 9 ft, 2 inches high. A 0-inch by 8-inch flush panel, wooden door has been installed to the north of center. The fill is plywood, in weathered con- dition today. The single-leaf sliding door on the south fa<;ade slides to the east of a 8 V2-inch-wide by 9-inch-high opening. The leaf is suspended by metal brackets from a metal track.

Simi- lar in construction to doors seen on the other cavalry stables, it is more recent than It is an assembly of plywood in grooved board stiles and rails. The corners are secured by di- agonal, sheet metal plates. The metal elements, which appear on both faces of the door, are through-bolted (Figure The second door opening toward the east end of the south fa- <;ade is for a 0-inch by 8-inch door that is currently missing. b. Windows: Windows are a very interesting feature on this building and, from outside, they reflect either the original interior use when the building was a stable or later office use. They are located on the south and north walls only. Most, but not all, of the original stall windows remain, even though some of them later served office spaces.

They are the typical, square, six-pane windows with glazing in a rough opening approximately 2 ft, 1O inches square. The window sash itself was manufactured (Figure Probably originally all hinged, the windows are currently either fixed, up-swinging hoppers or missing. Many of these former stall windows are secured by the typical framed grills with square wire mesh seen elsewhere. Sash is missing from stall window openings at the west FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 9 end of both faQades. This includes the westernmost three windows on the south fa9ade and the westernmost four windows on the north faQade. Six of these openings are secured by wood-framed mesh grills, while the seventh is boarded up by a composition panel.

None of the original double-hung windows for the former saddle room and forage and grain room remain. When modified to office use, these openings were greatly altered to accom- modate single and multiple one-over-one, aluminum double-hung windows. In addition, on each faQade, some stall window openings on the east end were modified for aluminum, double-hung sash. Another conversion to aluminum sash occurs in the fifth bay from the west on the north faQade where there is a small, aluminum sliding window that serves a la- trine. This window is 3 ft, 5 Y2 inches wide by 2 ft, 1 Y2 inches high. The two offices on either side of the east entry have an identical, aluminum window bank containing four 4-inch-wide by 0-inch-high double-hung windows separated by 6- inch-square posts.

The window banks are trimmed on the exterior and interior with 3 %-inch wood casing mitered at the corners. The single aluminum windows have similar casings. Aluminum windows are secured on the exterior by steel, diamond-mesh grills painted red brown. These grills are in better condition than those of wooden frame. When converted to an office, the sash from some of the stall windows and aluminum win- dows was removed to accommodate ductwork of evaporative coolers mounted on stands outside. There are seven cooler openings in total. The windows, exterior casing, and wood grill frames are very weathered but repairable. Steel diamond-mesh grills are in good condition. Window type and opening alterations are most noticeable on the north faQade. 8. Roof: a.

Shape, covering: The roof is a low-pitch gable. Its slope is approximately degrees. Since the principal building entry is on the gabled wall of the east fa9ade, this is a front- gabled roof form. Form No. 173a indicates that the original roofing was "corrugated iron," and the current corrugated metal may be original or over 50 years old (U.S.A.Q.M.C. It has been painted light gray on the exterior. The paint has flaked off in places. At the rakes, the metal is bent to form a drip edge. b. Eaves: Eaves comprise exposed 2" x 6" rafter ends that extend to form a overhang. The gable rakes, supported by the nailing boards, extend approximately 1 ft. There is a cor- nice board at the rakes and eaves. Eaves are generally in fair condition because framing members have been painted.

There is weathering of rafter ends, some deformed or torn roofing, and paint peeling. C. Description of Interior 1. Floor plan: Like Building the interior of Building has been extensively modified. No plan was found of the office conversion project. There is, however, a schematic evacuation diagram without scale, found on the premises, which can help the reader under- stand the layout (Figure The schematic diagram is oriented so east is up. In over half of the building, comprising the east portion, was partitioned by 2" x 4" frame walls FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-0 (Page 10 into 12 office-related spaces with 8-ft-high suspended ceilings. The remaining 104 ft to the west served primarily storage functions.

What does not show on the schematic diagram is the strategic placement of the original structural posts, which required integration into the design. The post location, allowing for a 10-ft-wide corridor originally, undoubtedly influenced the mostly symmetrical, central corridor design that resulted. The visitor enters the building vestibule at the east end where there are larger offices to the north and south that exit into a 6-ft-wide corridor. Near this east end is a lateral corridor leading to the south personnel door.

The central corridor continues, except where interrupted by an elongated, octagonal-shaped trophy room, through the double- loaded office zone (Figure In the trophy room zone, the corridor widens to the original width and passes through and around both sides of this unusual-shaped space. Walls of four affected rooms to the north and south also angle to accommodate the trophy room. It is interesting to note that the west walls of two of these offices frame directly into windows. All other office rooms are rectangu- lar in plan. Since partition walls are set inside the original aisle, posts are sometimes fully exposed inside the office spaces (HASS No. AZ-210-D-3). West of the office zone, where the suspended ceiling ends, the storage zone begins.

Here the corridor first opens into a receiving area with a 10-ft-high ceiling served by the north sliding door. The corridor then widens as it passes through an area of 8-ft-high ceil- ings, now largely dismantled, with two small offices, a latrine, and six chain-link-fence- enclosed, storage cages in bays defined by the original exposed posts. The cages, one or two bays wide, have lateral 2" x 4" frame walls. The corridor ends at a 4-ft-wide swinging door that opens into a large by rear storage room. Just east of this storage room is a wide receiving area served by the south, exterior, sliding door. The west exterior door has access into this room (HASS No. AZ-21 O-D-4). 2. Stairways: None. 3. Flooring: The original concrete slab floors of the former storage rooms remain.

Well- built, they have control joints at the middle of now-missing posts, approximately 9 ft, 6 inches on center, and are installed to be level with the sill. Most of the remainder of the building has concrete slab flooring which is largely not visible in the office zone. The con- crete was likely installed during the when the building became a general purpose warehouse. Currently much of the concrete flooring of the office zone is covered by a tem of 2" x 4" spacing boards installed horizontally with 1-inch plywood above. This was ob- viously meant for the installation of carpeting that has been removed. Some of the plywood and spacing boards were torn up for the environmental inspection. The latrine floor is frame, not concrete, and elevated to accommodate plumbing drains.

It is a wood-frame system of 1 %'' x 9" joists at variable widths on center with a %-inch plywood deck. 4. Wall and ceiling finish: None of the original, unfinished, open frame walls of the stabling area remain without cladding. Since the original east storage rooms were removed, nothing remains of their walling either. FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 11) In the office zone, the interior faces of perimeter walls and non-original frame partitions are clad in gyps_um wallboard. The Room and B-Troop Office, rooms with angled walls, have areas of acoustic tile (Figure A base board of 4 inches was typical in the office zone, but it has been largely removed. Some base remains in the Copy Room only.

As men- tioned, original structural posts in this part of the building are faced with wood boards and trimmed in quarter round at the ceilings and sometimes the wall edges. In the storage area, the interior faces of building perimeter walls are primarily clad in gypsum wallboard. However, there are areas with a wainscot of horizontal, 7 %-inch board sheathing and early gypsum wallboard above, probably remaining from the warehouse era (Figure D .11 ). The cages are defined by 2" x 4" partitions built between columns along the aisle and back to the perimeter walls. As mentioned, some storage spaces are two bays wide. Cage walls are 8 ft high and frame into a 2" x 4" ceiling grid.

Cross walls for cages are sheathed in gypsum wallboard, while aisle walls have chain-link metal mesh in steel frames, painted black, with doors of the same material. Office zone drop ceilings are built of frame, approximately 8 ft above the floor. Where ex- posed, members are 2" x Like walls, they are clad in gypsum wallboard. Nearly all spaces of the storage area had drop ceilings clad in gypsum wallboard, but much of the wallboard has been demolished, leaving the framing members exposed. Ceiling structure in the cages is a grid, not standard framing. 5. Openings: a. Doorways and doors: All interior doors are missing, except the door to the west store room. It is a 2 %-inch-wide by 0-inch-high, two-panel, door painted white. b. Windows: Noted elsewhere. 6. Decorative features: None. 7.

Hardware: None original. 8. Mechanical equipment: a. Heating, air-conditioning, ventilation: When first constructed, the building had no me- chanical equipment. Ventilation, a necessity for a stable, was provided through operable windows. According to the real property card, at some point a space heater with a 1 %-inch gas connection was installed in the building. In seven wall-mounted heaters were in- stalled for a price of (U.S. Army Form It is not known when the evaporative coolers were installed. They were raised on wood or metal stands, and their ducts passed through the window openings. Some of these dismantled units appear to be currently stored inside the building. b. Lighting: Form No. 173a indicates this building was provided with electric light- ing originally.

No details about lighting type were given. In a hand-written entry on this form notes the addition of a 5-amp electrical switch (U.S.A.C.M.C. The real property form notes a 30-amp connection with #8 wire. In wiring was installed for (U.S. FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 12) Army Form For the conversion, fluorescent fixtures were typically installed. Electricity was also provided for evaporative coolers. c. Plumbing: The historic property record cards indicate the building was initially fitted with sewer and water connections. There were a %-inch water connection and a 4-inch sewer by (U.S.A.C.M.C. U.S. War Dept. Plumbing connections can be seen on the north fac;;ade, adjacent to the latrine. Inside, the latrine is fitted with urinals on the east wall. 9.

Original furnishings: None. D. Site 1. General setting and orientation: Near the northwest corner of the intersection of Hun- gerford Avenue and Clarkson Road, Building is the middle unit of Fort Huachuca's historic cavalry stable complex in the former, expanded Quartermaster area east of Hua- chuca Creek. The building is an integral component of a property of parallel, regularly ar- ranged, matching units aligned along Clarkson Road and spaced approximately 70 ft apart, with former paddocks in between. These elongated, gable-roofed buildings are southeast- northwest trending. Given the spatial quality inherent in the regulated positioning of these buildings, the complex itself can be considered a single historic property.

The site incorporates the stable complex and a surrounding area that includes the right-of- way of former railroad tracks to the east, Hungerford Avenue to the south, Huachuca Creek to the west, and part of the parking lot of Building to the north. The terrain slopes considerably to the northwest. Today's Clarkson Road, once an unnamed dirt access way, is asphalt paved. The historic railroad right-of-way, just east of Clarkson Road, is a level strip along a steep embankment. There is a stone-lined drainage ditch along the east edge of the railroad bed and several Depression-era mortared, stone masonry features, including stairs and a retaining wall, within view of the buildings.

Large, historic cottonwood trees grow along the railroad bed and downslope to the west along Huachuca Creek, a dry watercourse for much of the year. (See Parkhurst and Thiel The microsite of Building consists of its former paddock area (between this building and Building the adjacent paddock to the left (between this building and Building and a zone to the rear and in front. Most of the former paddock and rear zone is currently surfaced in asphalt pavement. How- ever, there is an elevated area of earth adjacent to the foundation on the west fac;;ade and west end of the north fac;;ade. In the photograph, an earth berm can be seen toward the west end of the stable (Figure ). Currently the earth is contained by a mortared stone retaining wall that may relate to Depression-era W.P.A.

work at Fort Huachuca (Park- hurst and Thiel Rooted in this earth pad near the northwest corner are three old deciduous trees. The stone wall is approximately 1O inches wide and capped with mortar. It is approximately 2 ft, O inches high on the north and 2 ft, 6 1h inches high on the west where it incorporates the stone stairs (Figure Between Buildings and the former paddock for the site is largely scraped earth. There is a small Aleppo pine adjacent to the south fac;;ade near the west end. FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 13 FORT HUACHUCA CAVALRY STABLES <H> FIGURE SITE PLAN SHOWING BUILDING LOCATION. FIGURE U.S. ARMY QUARTERMASTER CORPS FORM, NO. 173A INITIAL PROPERTY RECORD CARD, BUILDING (ON FILE AT THE FORT HUACHUCA HISTORICAL MUSEUM).

FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 14) FIGURE BUILDING THREE-QUARTER VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST, SHOWING ITS GABLED FORM AND WINDOW (PHOTOGRAPH BY JANET PARKHURST, JANUARY FIGURE CONCRETE STEM WALL AT NORTHWEST CORNER, SHOW- ING SERIOUS FOUNDATION CRACKS (PHOTOGRAPH BY JANET PARK- HURST, JANUARY FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 15) FIGURE EXTERIOR SOUTH WALL, SHOW- FIGURE ROOF STRUCTURE, VISIBLE ING DETERIORATED BOARD-AND-BATTEN ONLY IN OPEN AREA AT WEST END OF SIDING AT BASE (PHOTOGRAPH BY JANET BUILDING (PHOTOGRAPH BY JANET PARK- PARKHURST, JANUARY HURST, JANUARY FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No.

AZ-210-D (Page 16) FIGURE STONE RETAINING WALL AND STAIRS, CONCRETE LANDING, AND WOODEN STAIRS PROVIDING VERTICAL ACCESS TO THE WEST DOOR (PHOTOGRAPH BY JANET PARKHURST, JANUARY FIGURE SOUTH DOOR, A SLIDING ASSEMBLY OF PLYWOOD WITH BOARD STILES AND RAILS (PHOTOGRAPH BY JANET PARKHURST, JANU- ARY FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 17) FIGURE STALL WINDOW ON SOUTH WALL WITH SECURITY GRILL DISLODGED (PHOTOGRAPH BY JANET PARKHURST, JANUARY FIGURE CENTRAL TROPHY ROOM WITH ELONGATED, OCTAGONAL WALLS, FROM WEST (PHOTOGRAPH BY JANET PARKHURST, JANUARY FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No.

AZ-210-D (Page 18) FIGURE STORAGE AREA SHOWING HORIZONTAL BOARD-AND-GYPSUM WALLBOARD CLADDING ON SOUTH PERIME- TER WALL, INSTALLED DURING USE OF THE BUILDING AS A STORAGE FACILITY (PHOTO- GRAPH BY JANET PARKHURST, JANUARY FIGURE OLD DECIDUOUS TREES IN EARTH PAD CONTAINED BY STONE RETAINING WALL, POSSIBLY BUILT DURING THE W.P.A. ERA. PHO- TOGRAPH IS TAKEN AT THE WEST END OF THE NORTH FAQADE (PHOTO- GRAPH BY JANET PARKHURST, JANUARY . FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 19) PART Ill. SOURCES OF INFORMATION A. Architectural Drawings: This building was constructed from the Office of the Construct- ing Quartermaster Corps (O.C.Q.C.) standardized plan no. as noted on the initial prop- erty record card (U.S.A.Q.M.C.

The plans were not found at Fort Huachuca or other depositories of records. During the period when Fort Huachuca was deactivated and reacti- vated several times, from to drawings and records were removed from the post and apparently lost (Parkhurst and Thiel The U.S. Army generated one early twentieth-century, standardized plan that is very similar to the Fort Huachuca cavalry stable plan (Construction Division of the Army 1919:plate It has the same elongated layout, front-gabled form, framing system, and fenestration found in plan no. This closed stable features a double-loaded, central-aisle, straight-stall plan with saddle and forage rooms at one end of the building. Mangers are mounted on the frame walls (Figure B.

Early Views: Early views of Building are found on the initial property record card, Form No. 173a, and the card, Form No. 117 (Figure Figure ). C. Interviews, Consultations: Robert Arzola, Architect. Historic American Buildings Survey, National Park Service, De- partment of the Interior, Washington Mr. Arzola provided initial verbal guidance for ar- chitectural drawings. March Tom Campbell, Mechanical Engineer. Engineering Services Branch, Engineering Plans and Services Division, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Mr. Campbell researched and provided historic maps and building modification plans. January Mike Berg, Branch Chief. Engineering Services Branch, Engineering Plans and Services Division, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Mr.

Berg provided a disk of scanned historic plans, includ- ing a modification for Building November Jack Boucher, Photographer. Historic American Buildings Survey, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, Mr. Boucher provided initial verbal guidance for the large-scale photography. March Paul W. Chattey, Historical Architect. Resources, Management and Science Department. Yosemite National Park. Mr. Chattey provided information about his work at Fort Huachuca, including his HABS documentation of four of the cavalry stables while working for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District. March February Thomas G. Cochran, Chief. Environmental and Natural Resources Division, Directorate of Public Works, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Mr.

Cochran provided administrative support for this HABS project. December to February Paul Dolinsky, Chief. Historic American Buildings Survey, National Park Service, Depart- ment of the Interior, Washington, Mr. Dolinsky provided initial verbal guidance for documentation of a stable complex. March FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 20) Raymond L. Easton, Real Property Clerk. Real Property Division, Directorate of Public Works, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Mr. Easton researched, interpreted, and provided property record cards for the seven stable buildings. In addition, he provided a very useful map and a building inventory. November through February Bob Frankeberger, Architect. Arizona State Historic Preservation Office, Phoenix, Arizona. Mr.

Frankeberger provided scope guidance, review, and coordination with Fort Huachuca and the National Park Service, Denver, Colorado. March and June Steve Gregory, Museum Assistant. Fort Huachuca Historical Museum, Fort Huachuca, Ari- zona. Mr. Gregory provided research guidance and archival material including maps, photo- graphs, and text about the evolution of the site and the stabling of mules and horses at Fort Huachuca. January, February Tomas G. Keohan, Historical Architect. Heritage Partnership Program, National Park Ser- vice, lntermountain Regional Office, Denver, Colorado. Mr.

Keehan provided guidance and review of CAD drawings of the site and Building October until April Vince Moreau, Facility and Space Utilization Specialist, Real Property Division, Directorate of Public Works, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Mr. Moreau secured access to the buildings for documentation purposes. December through January Mary Padilla, HABS/HAER Coordinator. National Park Service, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Ms. Padilla assisted with initial procedure and provided original material from a submission for Building March William T. Phillips, Museum Director, Fort Huachuca Historical Museum, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Mr.

Phillips provided archival property record cards, maps, early photographs, disks with scanned images, historic information, and research guidance plus arranged the venue for the photographer. November to January Charles Slaymaker, Historic Properties Manager. Environmental and Natural Re- sources Division, Directorate of Public Works, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Dr. Slaymaker was the historic property manager for this HABS project. He provided administrative support and documentary material on the buildings. He provided on-going research guidance and par- ticipated in valuable interviews. December to February Joshua Swanson, ITAM GIS Analyst. Range Management, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Mr.

Swanson provided base contour and aerial plans, appropriately scaled and adjusted, to be used for the project site plan. In addition, he provided individual building UTMs. January Lysa Wegman-French, Historian. Heritage Partnership Program, National Park Service, ln- termountain Regional Office, Denver, Colorado. Ms. Wegman-French outlined the project scope. In addition, she provided on-going guidance of HABS procedures and review of submittals. March to April FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 21) D. Bibliography Books and Reports: Chattey, Paul W. "Fort Huachuca, Building (Cavalry Stable), HABS No. AZ-XX-XX." Draft HABS outline form. Seattle: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District.

Technical Center of Expertise for Preservation of Historic Buildings and Structures, Construction Division of the Army. Manual of the Construction Division of the Army. Wash- ington, Consolidated Supply Co., Parkhurst, Janet H., and J. Homer Thiel. "Historical Narrative," in A Historic American Build- ings Survey of the Fort Huachuca Cavalry Stables (HABS No. AZ-210-A through G), Cochise County, Arizona, by Janet H. Parkhurst, J. Homer Thiel, Ralph Corney, and Susan D. Hall. Project Report No. Tucson: Desert Archaeology, Inc., U.S. Army Forms: U.S. Army. Real Property Record, DA Form Authorized for use on 1 November On file at the Fort Huachuca Real Property Division Office. Entries for Building go from to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (U.S.A.C.E.), Los Angeles District.

DD Form 290 - Transfer of New Construction/Real Property - RE-C-292-51. An inventory of properties for re- activation of the fort. On file at the Fort Huachuca Real Property Division Office and at the Fort Huachuca Historical Museum, 25 April U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps (U.S.A.Q.M.C.), Form No. 173a, Property record card, authorized for use on 15 November Card is for Building No. On file at the Fort Huachuca Historical Museum Annex, U.S. Army War Department, Form No. 117 (Old No. 173A), Property record card, revised 28 June Card is for Building No. On file at the National Archives II, College Park, Maryland, Record Group 77, Ch. of Engineers, Entry Historical Record of Buildings, Box 95, Folder 4. Drawings: Post Engineer Office, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. General Site Plan Building Use Map.

On file at the Fort Huachuca Historical Museum, 9 June U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District. D.O. Series Demobilization Study Layout Plan. On file at the Fort Huachuca Real Property Division Office, 1 November revised FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HASS No. AZ-210-D (Page 22) E. Likely Sources Not Yet lnvestigated:.The occupancy history of Building has not been completely documented. It would be useful to know whose horses were stabled in the building after the Cavalry departed, as well as who used the building when it was a storehouse rather than a stable. An Army personnel record search for individuals who might have worked in the stables could prove useful. FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 23) F. Supplemental Material: ' : WA.'11.

:D!i&l'.lD.'ncl:BRT ;~~~\l~No..UUJ PO$L Pian No. - --- -- .App"""1 ol ol \Vu as n>qui.-.d by A. R. ADt:jfl'!QN$ A" OIST..UU.TJONS (~<bt.oadllll<I~ =-~~~.~~ri;;..~ --f --- -- ..- - - - ---ll--------....--e-- + - -.. - --- - -- --I ~v-1lfiQJ'f111 a $t#.e ~ti.er~ hut ;or hat~ .. 0 .. FIGURE QUARTERMASTER CORPS FORM NO. 117 (OLD FORM NO. 173A} FOR BUILDING A PLAN VIEW, PRESENT ON THE REVERSE SIDE, IS SHOWN (NATIONAL ARCHIVES, RECORD GROUP 77, ENTRY HISTORICAL RECORD OF BUILDINGS, BOX 95, FOLDER 4). FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 24) FIGURE REAL PROPERTY RECORD CARD, DA FORM BUILDING (U.S. ARMY FORM FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 25l f ' Il Oi:"n ' L. . . . jNCO ADOAIJ - - - : 0 r-i,1P()f-~5 - '* - '*' ~} LAT Al , .. . ' > Et:rT l -~ lpOOIZ.

E~t:rT FIGURE "EVACUATION PLAN, A FIRE ESCAPE PLAN, OR LATER. FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HABS No. AZ-210-D (Page 26) SECTION C. PLATE. 56 ;~ ~i Elf.VAT ION !!U.;iDtN~ OOQA: G ll f! "' Ir ~...ii>"fb..i"S !> U' ~ z ii 0 <3 ::i fl ti " 11. il CONSTRUCTION DIVISION a= THE ARMY '~~?o TYPICAL BUILDINGS CLOSED-STABLE FIGURE ''TYPICAL BUILDINGS, CLOSED STABLE." A STANDARDIZED PLAN VERY SIMILAR TO FORT HUACHUCA'S CAVALRY STABLES (CONSTRUCTION DIVI- SION OF THE ARMY 1919:SECTION C PLATE FORT HUACHUCA, CAVALRY STABLE HASS No. AZ-210-0 (Page 27) PART IV. PROJECT INFORMATION A number of individuals contributed to this project, working from December to March Architectural building documentation and historical research were completed by Tuc- son historic architects Janet H.

Parkhurst, M.A., and Ralph Corney, M.A., AIA, of Ralph Corney Architects and Janet H. Strittmatter, Inc., Associated Architects. Historical research was also conducted by historical archaeologist J. Homer Thiel, M.A., of Desert Archaeology, Inc., at the National Archives and the Library of Congress in Washington, the Arizona Historical Society and the University of Arizona Special Collections in Tucson, Arizona; and at the Fort Huachuca Historical Museum, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Peter L. Trexler, photographer, and Moira MacMahon, photography assistant, photographed the buildings and archival photographs at Fort Huachuca and prepared large-format photo- graphs for inclusion in the report. Susan D.

Hall, an archaeologist and former architect em- ployed by Desert Archaeology, Inc., drafted the architectural drawings.