Fort Benning, Veterinary Hospital Complex, 10th Division Court and Upton Avenue, Maneuver Center of Excellence, Fort Benning Military Reservation

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS GA-2426. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Intersection of Division Court and Upton Avenue, Maneuver Center of Excellence (MCoE), Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia. USGS photorevised Fort Benning, Georgia-Alabama 7.5 topographic quadrangle, Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates: E690171 Present Owner/ Occupant: U.S. Army, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Georgia / Gulf Coast District Veterinary Command, U.S. Army Veterinary Command (VETCOM).

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS GA-2426. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The main buildings in the Veterinary Hospital Complex, Building Nos. and 267 are contributing elements to the Fort Benning Main Post Historic District, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Chattahoochee County, Georgia. PART I. HISTORICAL INFORMATION: A. Physical History: 1. Date of construction: The supervising Architect/Engineer of the U.S. Army Construction Division of the Office of the Construction of the Quartermaster signed the plans, Original construction of the veterinary hospital complex was completed on October 12, Date stone located on northeast side of Building No. 2. Architect: Office of the Quartermaster General for the U.S. Army. 3. Original and Subsequent owners: U.S. Army Infantry Center (presently MCoE), Fort Benning, Georgia. 4.

Original and Subsequent occupants: Since its completion in the veterinary complex has provided veterinary services to Fort Benning Military Reservation under the authority of the U.S. Army Veterinary Corps. VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 2) 5. Contractor: Smith-Pew Construction Company, Inc. of Atlanta, Georgia (Building Nos. and 6. Original plans and construction: Signed by the supervising engineer for the Construction Division Office of the Quartermaster General in December, 7. Alterations and additions: As originally constructed, the veterinary hospital complex consisted of Building No. the veterinary hospital and barracks; Building No. the veterinary hospital ward; and Building No. the veterinary hospital ambulance garage.

Existing buildings in the veterinary hospital complex at the time of its construction were demolished. Buildings added to the complex include: Building No. a veterinary hospital kennel and dog run, in Building No. a quarantine facility, in (now Military Working Dog Kennel, 3rd Ranger Battalion); Building No. a general storehouse, in Building No. a miscellaneous shed date of record on file); and Building No. administration building (for the Rangers), in Exterior alterations and reconfigurations of interiors have been made to Building Nos. and 267 (see HABS Nos. GA-2426-A, and B. Historical Context: 1. Development of the Veterinary Service The history of the U.S. Army Veterinary Service closely parallels the development of the profession of veterinary medicine in the United States.

Military veterinary medicine originated in the late eighteenth century during the early history of the U.S. Army. In General George Washington directed an order to create a regiment of horse with farrier. Congressional legislation of stipulated each of the four troops of the light dragoons (cavalry) to be assigned a farrier to care for the ailments of horses. Farriers were first included in horse artillery during the War of The term veterinary surgeon, typically interchanged with the term farrier in the early nineteenth century, did not appear in official Army publications until (Medical Department The Army hired few veterinarians during the first six decades of the nineteenth century.

In fiscal year the Quartermaster s Department spent only for the services of civilian veterinarians, while for the Civil War the Department expended on civilian veterinarians (Medical Department During the Civil War, the War Department General Orders provided each Cavalry regiment with a veterinary surgeon in the rank of regimental sergeant-major and pay of $75 a month (United States Army Veterinary Corps [USAVC] VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 3) In the U.S. Congress passed a resolution requiring all applicants for veterinary positions with the Cavalry be graduates of a recognized veterinary college.

The number of Army veterinarians gradually increased by the early twentieth century with the first veterinarian complex constructed at Fort Sheridan, Illinois (Goodwin Other veterinarian facilities were constructed at Fort Riley, Kansas in and at Fort D.A. Russell, Wyoming in The National Defense Act of marked the formal acknowledgment by the U.S. Congress of the possibility of war. To contend with threats to the health of a wartime army, the National Defense Act called for a number of specific organizational changes including abolishment of the Medical Department s Hospital Corps for enlisted men.

The Act resulted in the creation of a Veterinary Corps within the Army s Medical Department (Gillett As established, the Army Veterinary Service held three primary missions: 1) inspection of food used by the military including its processing and the sanitary inspections of the establishments producing it; 2) provision of a comprehensive animal service; and 3) conduct veterinary laboratory services concerned with food and various types of research. The Medical Department lacked both the personnel and equipment necessary to meet the demands of a future large-scale war.

In the years prior to the Department concentrated on improving the management of personnel by organizing its officers into five corps: the Veterinary Corps to oversee food supplies and animal care; the Dental Corps; the Army Nurse Corps; the Medical Corps for career medical officers; and the Medical Reserve Corps for credentialed civilian physicians. Despite the Medical Department s preparedness efforts, the continued shortage of experienced personnel remained one of its greatest challenges. When the United States declared war in early April the Medical Departments Surgeon General s Office consisted of six medical officers and a civilian staff of 146 organized into five divisions.

Active duty medical personnel, officers, enlisted men, and nurses in the Regular Army and the Army Reserve numbered less than This figure included 491 Medical Corps officers and 342 active-duty Medical Reserve Corps officers. The newly created Veterinary Corps had 118 positions available (Gillett Individuals applying for the Veterinary Corps were subject to professional examinations and were not promoted above the rank of major. The U.S. Surgeon General appointed veterinarians as needed.

At the beginning of World War I, the Medical Department had sixty-two of the 118 veterinarian positions occupied (Gillett Examinations were promptly expedited to fill the remaining slots and within 18 months the newly established Corps grew to officers (USAVC On 15 May the War Department issued guidelines for training medical personnel. Veterinary surgeons received the general medical training course with a concentration of subjects appropriate to their respective specialty. The Medical Department offered two-month courses at the medical officers training schools VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 4) specifically for veterinarians as well as for dentists and various specialties from the Sanitary Corps.

Several specialized schools were established outside of the medical officers training camps to train medical personnel. Two of which were designed to assist in the preparation of veterinary personnel for their duties as the instruction at the medical officers training camps were deemed inadequate (Gillett Established in August in Chicago, the School of Meat and Dairy Hygiene and Forage Inspection was the first such school. Chicago was selected because of its reputation as a meat packing center. The second school, Camp Lee, Virginia opened in July and was specifically designed to provide both military and professional training to the personnel caring for the Army s animals, though the institution never realized its potential.

Students were sheltered in tents and the planned veterinary hospital was not entirely completed by the time the war ended. The division veterinary officers at several camps organized schools for the Veterinary Corps personnel. By May veterinary training schools were established at all camps and remount depots, though the instruction varied widely among camps (Gillett The National Defense Act of had an adverse influence on the effectiveness with which the Medical Department was able to fulfill its peacetime responsibilities for the next 20 years. The goal of the Act was to create an organization that, while small, would permit prompt expansion as required. Goals indentified in the Act included for the Department to be well disciplined, educated, and equipped.

However, Congress in its quest for economy reduced the Department s size rather than expanding it to the Army s needs. The legislation of fixed the number in the Veterinary Corps at though the number of personnel was dependent on the size of the Army as a whole (Gillett In the mid-1930s, the number of enlisted men serving in the Medical Department was still calculated as a percentage of the total number of enlisted men in the Army (Gillett Despite increased mechanization, the Veterinary Corps role in the Army remained vitally important due to its commitment to food inspection. Army veterinarians were also tasked with this responsibility for the Soldiers Home in Washington the Navy at Cavite in the Philippines, the National Guard, and the Works Progress Administration.

Following the establishment of an Air Force Veterinary Corps in the Army shared military veterinary responsibilities with its sister service. However, in Congress directed changes to the Department of Defense (DoD) veterinary missions. Effective 31 March the Air Force Veterinary Corps was disestablished and the Army became the Executive Agent for all DoD veterinary services. The U.S. Army Veterinary Corps continues to significantly impact current operations. VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 5) Veterinary Corps participation in all of our nation's conflicts since World War I has been an important element in the maintenance of the health and well being of both animals and soldiers.

The highly technical education obtained by veterinarians has continued to prepare them for their changing mission requirements for over the past ninety years. In the Army Veterinary Corps consisted of 780 veterinarians and warrant officers in both active and the Army Reserves (USVA Overview of Animal Services When war was declared in April fifty-seven veterinarians were working for the Army, primarily in the area of equine surgery and medicine (USAVS In World War I, the American Expeditionary Force required large numbers of animals to accomplish a variety of missions such as cavalry mounts, artillery transport, logistical supply, and ambulance service. The Army utilized animals rather than gas-powered engines because of the rugged and muddy terrain in France.

The mule wagon is an example of one of the many ways draft animals were utilized in World War I. In the late summer of draftees and National Guard members gathered by the thousands at huge mobilization camps across the country. The need for veterinarians was not viewed as seriously as the need for other Medical Department personnel so little effort was initially devoted to creating an organization specifically for the camps (Gillett Division veterinarians handled all veterinary needs at the camps, both for animal care and for food inspection.

Enlisted men from the Veterinary Corps were not assigned to camp staff until June Prior to that point, the Quartermaster Corps was required to supply enlisted men for veterinary work while lay inspectors were utilized to perform inspections of all meat purchased by the corps. One of the principal responsibilities of the Medical Department at the mobilization camps involved providing trained and appropriately organized medical, dental, and veterinary personnel and supplies for the units preparing to go overseas. The Department also culled the unfit from among the fit, and cared for the sick and injured trainees. The veterinary division included an evacuating section and several veterinary units.

The division veterinarian initially served as the division surgeon s technical assistant, but by late he reported directly to the division commander. Veterinary supplies and instruments were initially difficult to obtain, which has been attributed to their increased demand at that time and the difficulties involved in predicting the needs of the newly formed Veterinary Corps (Gillett The Medical Department became officially responsible for purchasing veterinary supplies in July and the first veterinary supply table was published in the fall of the same year. The Army Medical School provided veterinary vaccines. A veterinary laboratory set up in Philadelphia began producing several drugs needed for animals.

In some instances, the department purchased instruments from veterinary officers when they joined the Veterinary Corps. The horse VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 6) ambulance proved especially difficult for the Department to procure since the Army had not previously acquired such an item in the past. The Chief Surgeon s Office did not add the Veterinary Division until August The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) functioned for some time without the services of a single veterinarian. When veterinary officers were sent to Europe, they were not immediately placed under the Chief Surgeons Office.

The remount depot of each camp, which received as many as newly purchased animals and cared for them until the division called for them, operated largely independent at the camps except for being subject to camp-wide control over sanitation. Animals in need of hospitalization were sent to the remount depot as the veterinary hospitals were overcrowded which favored the spread of disease (Gillett Further, much of the needed equipment was not provided. Plans to establish veterinary hospitals outside the remount depots were cut short of completion by the Armistice in November Disease detection, prevention and treatment played an important part of the Veterinary Corps officer work during the war. Mange, a contagious disease, was attributed with the most losses during the war (USAVS 2007a).

Mask and other protective measures were developed by the Veterinary Corps to provide health protection from gas attacks. Teams of Veterinary Corps officers performed surgeries and then placed the animals in recovery and convalescence wards. Recovered animals were back into the field. By the close of World War I, the Army utilized approximately horses and mules, of which were sent overseas. Total losses in World War I were high with over thirty percent of sick or injured houses and mules resulting in losses of over animals (USAVS 2007a). General Hagood, Chief of Staff of the Services of Supply, placed the number of horses and mules in the American Expeditionary Force at at the end of October (USAVS In the Army had an average strength of animals for totaling more than horses and mules.

At the start of World War II, the Army had 970 stalls in its veterinary hospital system in the Zone of the Interior and 218 stalls in the overseas departments. In June the Army s depots had more than animals (Waller In World War II, the mule surpassed the horse as the most utilized animal by the Army during the war because of its demand as a pack animal. The speed and mobility afforded by the horse in previous wars was usurped by airplanes, tanks, and vehicles. From the end of fiscal year to the end of fiscal year the Army engaged in a wartime building program resulting in the addition of more than stalls to the veterinary hospital system in the Zone of Interior (Medical Department New hospitals and dispensaries were constructed at twelve Army Camps.

With few exceptions, the veterinary facilities constructed during World War II followed the earlier plans from the developed or perfected by the Office of the Quartermaster General VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 7) in cooperation with the Surgeon General s Plans (Medical Department In mid Fort Benning was one of the Army s veterinary hospital and dispensaries with animal patient capacities for ten or more animals. The mission and responsibilities of the Army Veterinary Service in World War II remained largely the same as when the Veterinary Corps was created.

In World War II, a war of men and machines, the ratio was one animal to every 134 men (Miller Food inspection was the principal task of the Army Veterinary Service in World War II and medical service for animals was of somewhat lesser importance (Miller During World War II, veterinarians served in the Army (Miller Presently, The U.S. Army Veterinary Service is responsible for providing care to Military Working Dogs ceremonial horses, working animals of many Department of Homeland Security organizations, pets owned by service members, and animals supporting Human-Animal Bond (HAB) programs at military hospitals. The Veterinary Treatment Facility provides service members' pets with veterinary preventive medicine, contagious and zoonotic disease control, and outpatient care.

Army veterinarians also ensure the health of military working dogs and assist with host-nation related animal emergencies. Overview of Food Inspection The Army has viewed veterinarians as ideally suited for ensuring food safety because of their strong academic background in microbiology, epidemiology, pathology and public health. Beginning in the the Army employed veterinarians to inspect meat, poultry, and dairy products destined for its frontier posts. The country s recognized veterinary schools educated their students in food inspection, whereas veterinarians in the Army tended to lack training in the inspection of meats and dairy products.

The Army Veterinary Service s role in food inspection officially formed after the Spanish- American War s embalmed meat controversy (Medical Department Prior to the conflict, the Army had inadequately prepared for its role in maintaining the health of both its animals and its Soldiers prior to the war. In addition to animal services, the divisional veterinary organization was also responsible for the inspection of meat and dairy products at the huge mobilization camps that emerged across the country at the onset of World War I. Food inspection was not always expedited upon a camp s opening (Gillett Though once organized, the veterinary division had a meat and dairy inspector, an evacuating section, and several veterinary units.

Initial plans called for the total veterinary personnel in a division to number twelve officers and fifty-one enlisted men, though the Veterinary Corps had no enlisted men until October Several weeks ensued before division veterinary officers began to arrive at the camps in any number. Before the spring of the inspection of locally VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 8) obtained meat was lacking, if it was conducted at all. Milk supplied at the camps required pasteurization as the distant locations between the dairies complicated regular inspections of dairy products.

When a division and its veterinary personnel left for overseas, the camp veterinarian, working with one assistant and six enlisted men, typically assumed inspection of meat and dairy products in addition to caring for animals at the camp. In World War I, an estimated 20 percent of Veterinary Corps personnel were utilized to inspect the Army's subsistence supply (Miller In World War II, a war of men and machines, the ratio was one animal to every 134 men (Miller Food inspection was the principal task of the Army Veterinary Service in World War II and medical service for animals was of somewhat lesser importance.

In World War II, between 90 and 95 percent were of Veterinary Corps personnel were utilized to inspect the Army's subsistence supply (Miller Between and personnel of the Veterinary Corps conducted an inspection service which aggregated more than 142 billion pounds of meat and dairy products (Miller Vast quantities of perishable foods were procured, shipped, and distributed on a worldwide basis at an unparalleled scale and under the most adverse conditions. The Veterinary Corps contribution to the war effort was significant for its food inspection service and maintenance of the health of the Army.

Although most of the laboratory work conducted by Army veterinarians related to testing food, the Army s veterinarians also made a vaccine for equine encephalomyelitis, a disease affecting the brain and spinal cord. Studies concerning defense against bacteriological attack involved many organizations and many specialties, and in November Medical Department veterinarians were involved in the effort because one aspect of biological warfare might have involved spreading disease among the nation s cattle. Today, Veterinary unit commanders and their personnel are critical in sustaining remarkably low food borne illness rates, which is largely a result of veterinary inspection of subsistence in the United States as well as the approval of safe food sources around the world.

Veterinary staff advisors also play key roles regarding issues involving chemical and biological defense. At home, military veterinary supervision of operational ration assembly plants, supply and distribution points, ports of debarkation, and other types of subsistence operations are critical to ensuring safe, wholesome food for our Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, Marines, and their family members. 2. Early History of Fort Benning and the Veterinary Hospital Complex Prior to World War I, the U.S. Army retained several schools throughout the country dedicated to the various skills and training required by the infantry soldier. The most important school for training was the Infantry School of Arms at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. As VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No.

GA-2426 (Page 9) it became evident to the Army greater marksmanship skills were essential to win the war, the Army created a school for machine gun training at Fort Hancock, outside of Augusta, Georgia and a training school for marksmanship instructors at Camp Perry, Ohio. Toward the end of World War I, the U.S. Army recognized the need to change its training of the infantry in preparation for future military actions. The Army organized a committee to oversee the search for a new location for the Infantry School of Arms.

The committee selected a site in Columbus, Georgia where the terrain and climate provided a location superior for the year round training required by the Army (Kane and Keeton Known as the Wynnton section, the original camp location was approximately three miles from downtown Columbus. Named for the Confederate General Henry Benning, Camp Benning was established in as a temporary wartime encampment. By the Army recognized the new Camp was not large enough to suit the needs of the Infantry School of Arms. At that time, Camp Benning moved to its present location, an area nine miles from the center of Columbus, dominated by Arthur Bussey s 1,800-acre plantation Riverside.

Camp Benning Air Strip opened in as the base of the Infantry School s observation balloons, and during this time, two permanent hangers were erected. In Camp Benning was authorized as a permanent military post and became the Army Infantry School and home of the Infantry Board. In Camp Benning was officially designated Fort Benning. The development of Camp Benning was related to the advancement of mechanized modern warfare. In construction of the stables and corrals began at Camp Benning and were divided into two areas for the Infantry School and Quartermaster Corps. Located on the northwest side of Division Road and the railroad yards, the stables were among the earliest facilities constructed on Post.

At Fort Benning, the standard stable was a simple wood frame structure with a long rectangular plan and gabled roof laid out in symmetrical rows. The original stables were constructed in the northwest corner of the cantonment alongside the railroad yards and away from the parade ground. Distinct veterinarian stables and support buildings were constructed after around The first veterinarian complex was constructed at Fort Sheridan, Illinois (Goodwin Veterinarian stables characteristically were T-shaped buildings with a large arched opening at the end elevation that provided cover for both horses and supply wagons. The interior plan was similar to other types of stables.

In the treasury secretary requested construction funds totaling for projects ranging from for 204 five-room apartments for commissioned officers to for a veterinary hospital (Stelpflug and Hyatt The Post s first veterinary hospital was constructed in the though its exact location is unknown. According to a article in the Infantry Journal, construction on Post between and included an excellent veterinary hospital, corral and enlisted men s barracks VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 10) (Warfield A general layout of the Main Post documented an area reserved for stables and hay sheds to the southeast of the Infantry School Stables.

By the late the Infantry Stables were completed and the Infantry had a polo ground southeast of the stables, on the southwest side of Anderson Avenue. A stable area and paddocks were delineated on a plan of Fort Benning. In Fort Benning s present veterinary hospital complex (Building Nos. was constructed on the southern portion of the former Infantry School Stables in the northwest corner of the Main Post. The plan for the veterinary hospital and barracks (Building No. and the veterinary hospital ward (Building No. generally exhibits earlier veterinary stable design with a main rectangular block and attached open block which provided sheltered area for horses, horse ambulances, and supply wagons or vehicles. The veterinary hospital, Building No.

is a two-story brick building constructed in the Georgian Revival style that as constructed integrated veterinary operations into the plan of the first floor and living quarters (barracks) on the second floor. The southern half of the building contained the operating room and a dressing room, which provided for a large open space for the treatment of horses. As constructed, the southwest side of the veterinary hospital had an exterior dressing floor for horses in an open sheltered area supported by square brick piers. The operating room and the dressing room were constructed with an entry bay opening onto the exterior dressing room floor and another entry bay was set in the southeast wall of the interior dressing room, on the southeast fa ade.

Other rooms on the first floor included a pharmacy, office, first sergeant record room, night attendant s room, men s toilet, and two storage rooms. The second floor was laid out with four non-commissioned officers rooms on the northern side, a day room and toilet in the center, and a squad room and barracks on the southern side. The hospital ward, Building No. is a variation of standardized Quartermaster plan no. 166 for a veterinary stable. An example of a veterinary stable based on plan no. 166 was constructed in at F.E. Warren Air Force Base (formerly U.S. Army Fort D.A. Russett, Wyoming). Key elements of plan no.

166 employed in the design of the veterinary ward at Fort Benning, include an enclosed brick, one-story, long-rectangular plan with central corridor and gabled roof and metal ridge ventilators. Instead of consecutive entry bay wagon doors across the sides of the building as executed at Fort D.A. Russett, Building No. 266 had a single entry bay on each side of the building and hopper windows located in each horse stall. The central bays provided circulation and cross-ventilation. The southwest block of the building has a side-gabled roof which partially encompasses an integrated open area that was originally constructed as a wagon shed (later utilized as a drive thru). As constructed, the interior floor plan of Building No.

266 had eight single stalls, four double stalls, four box stalls, grain room, saddle room, hay and bedding room, colic stall, and dog kennel. VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 11) By the the stables were replaced by other Post facilities. In the early two new facilities were added to the veterinary hospital complex, a kennel and dog run (Building No. and a quarantine facility (Building No. Other added facilities include a general storehouse, Building No. in a miscellaneous shed, Building No. in and an administration building (for the Rangers), Building No built in 3. Military Animals and the Veterinary Service at Fort Benning Primary animals utilized for military use at Fort Benning included the horse, mule, canines, and pigeons.

The procurement and training of animals for military use was a function of the Quartermaster Department since its inception in Beginning in the Quartermaster Corps oversaw transportation service activities pertaining to rail, motor, and animal-drawn transportation at all Army garrisons. The first shipment of animals received at Camp Benning was unloaded and quarantined in a temporary corral on the grounds now occupied by Doughboy Stadium (Hug Temporary stables and sheds were erected on the site of the motor transport shops. By permanent stables and a corral were constructed in the area surrounding the present veterinary hospital complex. The stables were divided into two areas for the Infantry School Stables and Quartermaster Stables.

The Army constructed stables and stable complexes when horses were indispensible to military operations. Horses were essential to cavalry and artillery units, as well as for the transport of military supplies. Quartermaster stables and corrals for animals used to transport provisions were standard components of nineteenth century western posts. Corrals were large, square enclosed areas to protect horses from attackers. Stables at the many temporary, frontier posts were utilitarian, long, rectangular buildings located apart from the parade ground, near the shop buildings (Goodwin Quartermaster stables gradually disappeared when railroads became the primary means of transporting supplies to Army installations.

Construction of cavalry and artillery stable complexes endured into the even as the number of stables significantly decreased with the gradual replacement of horses with motorized vehicles (Goodwin Stable complexes constructed during the contained the same components as earlier stable complexes, including stable guard houses, gun sheds, and a veterinarian complex. In the early days of operation, the Post s animal branch employed civilian drivers and mechanics. The drivers were replaced in by enlisted personnel from the Infantry until October At which time, the Quartermaster s allowance of 140 mules was discontinued while the allowance of the Infantry was considerably increased due to the lack of motorized vehicles of one battalion of that regiment.

The Post s considerable demands on the Quartermaster for transportation, daily operations, and needs of the logging camp necessitated periodic increases of the number of mules VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 12) allotted. In the Post had 60 two-line teams used for general work, and 15 four-line teams were required for logging and transporting cord wood. At the same time, the activities of the Quartermaster Corral were curtailed to such an extent that the few animals on hand were cared for by the Infantry personnel. From this corral, riding horses were furnished for nine range guards, draft horses were furnished for various buckboard wagons, and mule teams were supplied for police of the garrison.

In the first African-American troops were assigned to Camp Benning as the Infantry School Detachment (Colored) to serve as laborers on the post during its construction. The Infantry School Stables became the duty of a designated group of the detachment. This selected group received instruction in the care of the Infantry School animals and duties associated with the school s equitation course. The Infantry School Detachment (Colored) was reorganized in December as the 3rd Battalion, Infantry (Scipio In October the Infantry departed its home station Camp Furlong, New Mexico for its new station at Fort Benning. Reorganization of the regiment in resulted in the formation of the Service Company that included only members of the Regimental Band and the regiment assigned to the stables.

Two years later, the Service Company assumed full responsibility for the Infantry School stables and the care of the animals, equipment, and facilities maintenance. The enlisted men of the Service Company were known for their excellent sportsmanship and ability to train and ride horses. In the fall of the adjacent Quartermaster Stables were transferred to the regiment. The Infantry Stables operated under control and operation of Headquarters Company. During the early history of Fort Benning, the Infantry was responsible for the Post s numerous general utility activities, which included the care of animals assigned to the Infantry School and operation of the Post s logging camp.

The Infantry also assisted with the construction of several notable buildings and structures on Post, including the Campbell King Horse Bowl (built to the northwest of the former Infantry School stables. The troops erected tents as needed for their quarters. A military family housing area, Block No. 45, was designated for the Infantry east of the Infantry School Stables. According to a Camp Benning Plan, this location was originally planned for the location of a Veterinary Hospital because of its proximity to the stables (Scipio The buildings in the Infantry family housing area were demolished by After World War I, the Army had discontinued the utility of the horse in military warfare.

Although mechanization eventually replaced the horse, equestrian skills remained an integral part of Army culture (Goodwin Officers were expected to practice their equestrian skills and at the Infantry School, equitation was required in the curriculum. In the basic course certification for the Infantry School required each student to complete forty-seven hours of equitation and ten hours of hippology (the study of horses). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 13) An officer s horsemanship could influence his assignment during pre-World War II Army life.

The horse also played a significant role in recreational and societal life of the peacetime Army which is evidenced at Fort Benning by the popularity of horseback riding, polo, fox hunting, and horse shows. By early a ladies riding group had been established at Camp Benning. The Infantry School organized their first hunt in The Post offered some acres of rolling woodland and meadows for the Infantry School Hunt. The hunts continued each season from October through March with the activity recognized by the Master of Fox Hounds Association of America. Ribbons and trophies awarded to mounts and riders of the Infantry Center stables were turned over to the Officer s Club. In May The Infantry School held its seventh annual transportation horse show at Doughboy Stadium.

The horse show included competition events for escort wagons, ladies jumping, artillery sections, and ladies saddle horse. Despite opponents of Army polo and its value and benefit to the service, The Infantry School continued with polo matches for the horse show. While visiting Fort Benning in New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt attended a horse show in Doughboy Stadium. A publication produced by The Infantry School, Promotion and Management of Mounted Activities, included chapters on horse show management, polo, and guidance on other recreational equine activities. Polo remained popular into the and over the years the Post had several polo grounds. French Polo Field and Shannon Polo Field were documented on a installation map.

The popularity of the Infantry School s annual horse show prompted the Army to construct a permanent horse bowl just north of the Post stables. Opened in the Campbell King Horse Bowl was named for the active commandant of the Post, Brigadier General Campbell King. The partly completed horse bowl first hosted the eighth annual Infantry School Horse Show. At that time, the Infantry School News lauded the new horse bowl as one of the beauty spots on the post with its picturesque setting, two show rings set in a natural amphitheater surrounded by a dense growth of shade trees. With subsequent improvements to the horseshow bowl, Fort Benning soon had one of the beautiful show rings in the country (The Bayonet 1946a).

The Campbell King Horse Bowl served as the venue for numerous social and sporting events. In addition, the horse bowls also hosted Easter morning services from to which were reinstated six years later after the end of World War II. During World War II, the Army suspended horse shows at Fort Benning. Horse shows resumed in with the twenty-second annual Infantry School horse show (The Bayonet The Infantry School horse show team competed across the region. Exemplary horsemanship and expert showmanship of the show team lead to numerous championships across the region.

On August 1, all Army horses in The Infantry Center stables were sold at auction under the War Assets Administration as per directive from the Third Army headquarters in Atlanta (The Bayonet The Army no longer required the services of horses and VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 14) mules. At that time, the Infantry School owned ninety-five horses while seventeen horses belonged to the Quartermaster Corps. The auction included the individual sale of 112 horses and fifteen mules for bid to anyone except for members of the military or government employments. Private mounts, a total of nine horses, were not permitted to remain at the stables after the auction.

Equipment from the stables was sent to the Jeffersonville Quartermaster Depot in Indiana. The Army retained only fifteen mules at the stables for work on post. Closing of the stables ended all polo games, hunts, horse shows, and riding classes on the Post. The stables were active since Fort Benning was established, though during World War II the Post held only a few horses. The future use of the horse show bowl at that time had not been determined, though it resumed as the site for Easter sunrise services. In December the U.S. Pentagon announced the replacement of the time-honored Army mule with helicopters. The pigeon was the first animal trained at Fort Benning expressly for military use in preparedness of future war engagement. The first pigeon loft at Fort Benning was established ca.

with twenty-five pigeons and one trainer (The Bayonet In the Army established the pigeon-breeding and training center at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. By World War I, the Army acquired pigeons, only of which were utilized in France. The veterinary service for Army signal pigeons was an innovation of World War II, when a Veterinary Corps officer was assigned to the Fort Monmouth pigeon-breeding and training center. During World War II, the Army Signal Corps carrier pigeons played a vital part in Army communications. Hundreds of American fanciers and trainers voluntarily provided the Army with some highly- trained message carriers. Pigeon breeding grounds were created at Fort Benning, Fort Monmouth, and Fort Sam Houston.

At Fort Benning, a civilian staff of sixteen expert fanciers maintained a bird-loft (The Bayonet A breeding and induction and training center for war birds was established on Post. The Veterinary Service was responsible for pigeon care and management. Several pigeons were credited with saving the lives of American troops during combat. By rapid advances in an electronic communications technology prompted the Army to cease training of pigeons and the flock of birds was offered for sale. In military dogs arrived at Fort Benning when the Infantry School was assigned a K-9 Corps demonstration unit. Early attempts at training sentry dogs yielded disappointing results, yet the Army expanded the war dog program.

The expansion of the program and the potential military value dogs offered was officially recognized on July 16, when Secretary of War Harold Stimson directed the Quartermaster General to utilize canines for sentry duty. These orders dictated that instruction for handlers and the establishment of training facilities be assumed by the Remount Branch of the Army Quartermaster Corps By that time, the canine program was commonly known as the K-9 Corps. In August, the QMC started the establishment of dog reception and training centers across the country as the dogs were provided by civilians nationwide. VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No.

GA-2426 (Page 15) Army veterinarians processed the dogs on arrival with blood and fecal tests as well as rabies and distemper inoculations. As with horses and mules, military dogs were tattooed with the Preston brand system on the left ear with a serial number for identification. At the end of the War, military dogs were issued a discharge certificate upon their return to civilian life. After World War II, the veterinary service resumed with food inspection and control of diseases transferred from animal to human. The primary duty of the veterinarian s office was the inspection of all foods, especially of animal origin. In the Acting Veterinarian at Fort Benning was Maj. Dwain T. Bowie.

The Veterinarian s Office had three officers and seven enlisted men inspected food before it was sent to frozen storage or to the warehouse. In the month of June seven million pounds of meat were inspected by Fort Benning s Veterinarian s Office. This number included meat intended for Fort Benning as well as meat shipped to other posts. All of the milk and ice cream sent to Fort Benning came from dairies inspected by the veterinarians. Another task included inspection of mess halls to assess conditions of milk. In the Fort Benning veterinary section inspected pounds of food of animal origin. In the control of diseases transferable from animals to humans, the small animal clinic on Post administered rabies shots for the dogs of post personnel.

In the Korean War, the Army had three types of war dogs: the messenger dog; the scout dog, used for patrolling outposts; and the sentry dogs, attack dogs used to guard installations. In two of the four canine platoons in the continental United States were stationed at Fort Benning. The Army had a total of eight dog platoons at that time and the Army Dog Training Center was located at Fort Carson, Colorado. Newly activated, the Scout Dog Platoon returned from training at Fort Carson to Fort Benning with twenty-seven dogs and eighteen handlers. The Scout Dog Platoon trained with the Scout Dog Platoon at Fort Benning. The Post s veterinary service provided medical care for the scout dogs.

In addition to providing care for military dogs, the Post Veterinarian also was responsible for the coordination of burials at the Fort Benning s Small Animal Cemetery. Established in the cemetery occupied the site of a former house on a wooded embankment on the north side of Division Road. It was patterned after the small animal cemetery at Fort Myer, Virginia. The cemetery is divided into two sections, one for scout dogs and the other for pets of post personnel. Scout dogs were routinely cremated by the post veterinarian, though upon request the animal could be buried in the cemetery. Graves were initially identified by concrete markers with brass plaques. Burial details and maintenance were carried out by the Provost Marshal s office.

By the pet cemetery contained forty-nine scout dogs and 879 other animals. The cemetery contains the grave of York, a distinguished member of the Infantry Scout Dog Platoon and Korean War hero. York s platoon participated in over combat VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 16) patrols in Korea and is credited with reducing casualty rates by sixty to sixty-five percent. For this action, the received numerous medals including a Meritorious Unit Citation and the Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation. York participated in 148 Combat Patrols between and Honored with a distinguished service award, York returned to the Fort Benning kennels where he was treated as an honored retired member of the platoon.

One other notable animal buried in the pet cemetery is Old Faithful, a sheep that served fourteen years as a blood donor for Martin Army Hospital s laboratory. Beginning in Old Faithful provided blood for diagnostic tests conducted at the laboratory. A plan of Fort Benning identified a sheep pen in the northwestern section of the Veterinary Hospital Complex in the area presently containing Building No. the Veterinary Hospital Kennel/Dog Run and Building No. the Veterinary Hospital Ambulance Garage. After his retirement, Old Faithful remained with the rest of the flock at the Veterinary Hospital Complex. In Old Faithful was buried with honors in the pet cemetery. Colonel Robert B. Skinner, then Martin Army Hospital commander, presented a posthumous award and citation.

During the Vietnam War era, the scout dog training school at Fort Benning opened to meet the demand for scout dogs in Vietnam. Originally operated at Fort Carson, the school reopened at Fort Benning under the Infantry Center Headquarters Detachment, Scout Dog. The and Scout Dog Platoons were attached to this unit and were responsible for running the training program. By Fort Benning held the distinction of the only such school. The Army introduced a new breed of fighter during the Vietnam War where sentry dogs were used for several types of operations including combat and reconnaissance patrols, sweeping operations, village clearing missions, and security.

Canines can smell forty times better, hear twenty times better, and see ten times better than humans (Army Digest Sentry dogs were mostly German Shepherds. The dogs were initially trained at Fort Benning, where they went through three months of training in the fields and swamps of Georgia. The dogs and their handlers received additional training upon their arrival in Vietnam. The Army had several dog platoons with units in Vietnam with the first assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division and later assigned to the 1st and Infantry Divisions. During the Vietnam War, Scout Dogs were used extensively in the war zone for early silent warning. Scout Dogs were trained in the detection of booby traps, cached food, equipment and weapons, mines and hidden persons.

Fort Benning had an Infantry Scout Dog Handler Course which was a twelve-week training course that exposed handlers and their dogs to a training environment simulating anticipated conditions in Vietnam. Each handler received special training in repelling, waterborne and heliborne operations, and expedient river crossing. The last Training Control and Evaluation (TC&E) platoons to deploy to Vietnam were the and platoons. After which, the unit stationed at Fort Benning trained replacements for deployed units in Vietnam. These teams served at the VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 17) point of infantry patrols to provide early silent warning of snipers, ambushes, mines, booby traps, and other threats.

K-9 teams have been recognized for saving thousands of lives during the Vietnam War. For the last thirty-five years, veterinary services continue to be administered to military dogs. In the a separate entrance for military dogs was constructed on the northwest side of the building. Over the years, veterinary clinic services for privately owned animals have experienced increased demand due to the expansion of the installation. Veterinary Services at Fort Benning are divided into two branches. The United States Army Veterinary Command (VETCOM) provides military veterinary services in support of United States Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) and Department of Defense (DoD) missions in their areas of responsibility.

The Veterinary Treatment Facility Branch of Veterinary Services provides authorized outpatient type services to which are required to effectively prevent and control infectious animal diseases. The Food Hygiene Safety and Quality Assurance Branch of Veterinary Services insure wholesome food for the military community. In the DoD announced the largest realignment and stationing changes for active forces since World War II. The Army will move from a division-based force structure to brigade-based (Hanson As such the Armor Center and School located in Fort Knox, Kentucky will once again be moved to Fort Benning, Georgia. The plan calls for the consolidation of The Infantry School and the Armor School into The Maneuver Center of Excellence.

This new school will accommodate ground-forces training and doctrine development (Hanson This consolidation reduces the number of Army basic combat training locations from five to four. When complete it is estimated that Fort Benning will have an increase of permanent troops and civilian employees. The renovation of the Veterinary Clinic is part of the preparation for the consolidation and expansion of Fort Benning. PART II. ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION: A. General Statement: The veterinary hospital complex at Fort Benning consists of eight buildings and structures located in the northwest corner of the Main Post Cantonment. The original veterinary hospital complex contained three original permanent buildings (Building Nos. which are contributing elements to the Main Post Historic District.

Constructed in the Georgian Revival style, Building Nos. display similar design, brickwork, and stylistic elements. Building No. 265 retains a high degree of architectural integrity and stands out as the largest and most stylistically detailed building in the veterinary hospital complex. Building No. 266 retains a moderate degree of architectural integrity due to its exterior modifications and completes alteration of its interior floor plan. Building No. 267 has been vacant since and in the southeast fa ade of the building was removed. The five other buildings in the VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 18) complex were constructed from through present.

Overall, the veterinary hospital complex largely retains its historic setting and reflects the changes to the complex as it expanded to meet the mission of the U.S. Army s Veterinary Service. B. Refer to HABS No. GA-2426-A, HABS No. GA-2426-B, and HABS No.GA-2426-C for specific architectural and graphic documentation regarding Building Nos. and PART III. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: A. Architectural Drawings: Office of the Quartermaster General, Construction Division Fort Benning, Georgia, Veterinary Hospital. United States Army Quartermaster General, Washington, On file in Plans and Support, Master Planning Department, Division of the Directorate of Public Works, Building No. 6, Fort Benning, Georgia. Electronic database drawing numbers SAV 22.145.A1- 221.45A5; SAV B.

Installation Maps: Fort Benning Main Post, Fort Benning, Georgia [map]. Printed from electronic database of Fort Benning. From Plans and Support, Master Planning Department Division of the Directorate of Public Works, Building No. 6, Fort Benning, Georgia. Fort Benning Post Engineer Office Main Post Area, Fort Benning, Georgia Based on Building and Street Map. Fort Benning Post Engineer Office, United States Army, Fort Benning. On file in Plans and Support, Master Planning Department, Division of the Directorate of Public Works, Building No. 6, Fort Benning, Georgia. Main Post and Lawson Army Air Field, Fort Benning, Georgia. Fort Benning Post Engineer Office, United States Army, Fort Benning.

On file in Plans and Support, Master Planning Department, Division of the Directorate of Public Works, Building No. 6, Fort Benning, Georgia. Office of the Quartermaster General, Construction Division Fort Benning, Georgia, Veterinary Hospital. United States Army Quartermaster General, Washington, On file in Plans and Support, Master Planning Department, Division of the Directorate of Public Works, Building No. 6, Fort Benning, Georgia. VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 19) United States Army Corps of Engineers Fort Benning, Georgia Special Map No. 11 [Revised United States Army Corps of Engineers. On file in Plans and Support, Master Planning Department, Division of the Directorate of Public Works, Building No. 6, Fort Benning, Georgia.

War Department Quartermaster Corps, Construction Service Fort Benning, Georgia Revised General Layout Showing Proposed Permanent Buildings Railroad Extensions, etc. United States Army Quartermaster General, Washington, On file in Plans and Support, Master Planning Department, Division of the Directorate of Public Works, Building No. 6, Fort Benning, Georgia. C. Early Views: Historic Photographs: From the collection at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning, Georgia (see Graphic Documentation). D. Interview: Stieghan, David S. Interviewed by author, April. E.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS GA-2426. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

1. Primary and unpublished sources: Fisher, W. Robinson and Christine Johnson Historic Building Survey, Fort Benning, Georgia. For U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Savannah District, Savannah, Georgia, by Robinson Fisher Associates, Inc., Athens, Georgia and Southeastern Archaeological Services, Inc., Athens, Georgia. The Jaeger Company and Southern Research Historic Preservation Consultants, Inc. Fort Benning Historic Resource Survey Update Volume I and II. Gainesville, Georgia. Prepared for the U.S. Army Infantry Center, Directorate of Public Works, Environmental Division, Fort Benning, Georgia. Kane, Sharyn and Richard Keeton Fort Benning: The Land and the People. U.S. Army Infantry Center, Directorate of Public Works, Environmental Management Division, Fort Benning, Georgia.

VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 20) Miles, Diana G. DRAFT. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Fort Benning Main Post Historic District, Fort Benning, GA. Prepared for U.S. Army Infantry Center, Directorate of Public Works, Environmental Management Division, Fort Benning, Georgia, by the Jaeger Company, Gainesville, Georgia, and Southern Research, Ellerslie, Georgia. Office of the Constructing Quartermaster Completion Report for the Construction of Veterinary Hospital Building, Veterinary Hospital, and Ambulance Garage Building at Fort Benning, Georgia, Number 6, War Department, Quartermaster Corps, Construction Division, Fort Benning, Georgia.

Real Property Office, Fort Benning Building Real Property cards on file in the Office of Real Property, Master Planning Department, Directorate of Public Works, Building No. 6, Fort Benning Georgia. United States Army Corps of Engineers (USCOE), Seattle District Context Study of the United States Quartermaster General Standardized Plans Prepared by the USCOE, Seattle District Technical Center of Expertise for Preservation of Structures and Buildings, Seattle, Washington. Yarborough, 1st Lt. Leroy W. A History of the Infantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia. The Infantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia. 2. Secondary and published sources: Army Navy Air Force Journal Army Mules Will Get the Budget Boot; Combat Pigeons Also Knocked Off Roost. 8 December (Vol. 94. P.

Armored Cavalry Journal History and Mission of the Medical Administrative Corps. May-June. The U.S. Armored Cavalry Association, Richmond, Virginia. The Bayonet Carrier Pigeons Trained for War on Reservation. 14 January. Fort Benning, Georgia. VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 21) 1946a Horseshow Bowl, Opened Is Named After General King. 18 April. Fort Benning, Georgia. Thrills And Spills Mark Horse Show. 20 June. Fort Benning, Georgia. Benning Mounts Go On Auction Block. 1 August. Fort Benning, Georgia. Post Pets Get Special Burial Site. 21 February. Fort Benning, Georgia. Man s Best Friend May Be Gone-Not Forgotten. 7 January. Fort Benning, Georgia. Hero Dog, Civilian Sheep Among Dead Buried at Animal Cemetery. 26 July.

Fort Benning, Georgia. Scout Dogs in Action. 3 January. Fort Benning, Georgia. Fort Benning The History of the Infantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia. Archived at Donavan Research Library Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia. Gillett, Mary C. The Army Medical Department Center of Military History, United States Army, Washington, Goodwin, R. Christopher and Associates, Inc. National Historic Context for Department of Defense Installations, (Volume II of IV). Prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District, Baltimore, Maryland. Prepared by R. Christopher and Associates, Inc., Frederick, Maryland. Hanson, Douglas Transformation of the U.S. Army in The American Thinker, July 28, [online at Available URL: [accessed August 23, Hug, 1st Lt.-QM-Res.

A Short History of the Transportation Service at the Infantry School. The Quartermaster Review (January-February), pp. The Quartermaster Association, Washington, VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 22) The Infantry School Riding to Hounds. The Infantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia. Catalogue of Seventh Annual Transportation Horse Show of The Infantry School. The Infantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia. Kane, Sharyn and Richard Keeton Fort Benning: The Land and the People, U.S. Army Infantry Center, Directorate of Public Works, Environmental Management Division, Fort Benning, Georgia. Lemish, Michael G. War Dogs Canines in Combat.

Brassey s, Washington Medical Department, United States Army Service In World War II United States Army Veterinary Service in World War II. Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, Washington Merillat, Louis A, Lt. Col. and Delwin M. Campbell, Lt. Col. Veterinary Military History of the United States. Volume 1. The Haver-Glover Laboratories, Kansas City, Miller, Everett B. Miller. Animal Care and Management in United States Army Veterinary Service in World War II. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, [online at Available URL: Scipio, L. Albert The Infantry at Fort Benning. Roman Publications, Silver Spring Maryland. Stelpflug Peggy A. and Richard Hyatt Home of the Infantry: The History of Fort Benning.

Mercer University Press, Macon, Georgia. United States Veterinary Service (USAVS) Veterinary Corps History. U.S. Army Veterinary Service [online at Available URL: [accessed August 23, 2007a Animal Medicine. U.S. Army Veterinary Service [online at Available URL: [accessed August 23, VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 23) Food. U.S. Army Veterinary Service [online at Available URL: [accessed August 23, United States War Department German Administrative Services Tentative Lessons Bulletin No. 91. 14 April Military War Intelligence War Department, Washington The United States War Office Manual for Stable Sergeants. Government Printing Office, Washington Waller, Anna L. Horses and Mules and National Defense.

Office of Quartermaster General, Washington [online at Available URL: [accessed August 23, Warfield, Lt. Col. A.B., Fort Benning, The Home of the Infantry School. Infantry Journal June (Vol. XXXII No. 6). Fort Benning, Georgia. PART IV. PROJECT INFORMATION: Constructed in the original veterinary hospital complex buildings, Building Nos. are contributing elements of the Main Post Historic District. A Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) of the Veterinary Clinic (Veterinary Hospital), Building No. was required due to the proposed alterations of the interior spaces of the building. Building Nos. 266 and 267 were included in HABS No. GA-2426 because Building No. 265 is part of a complex that historically functioned as a cohesive unit to meet the mission of the U.S.

Army Veterinary Service at Fort Benning Military Reservation. The veterinary clinic, Building No. is scheduled for a phased renovation project of the ft. first floor and basement to provide updated exam rooms, surgery, surgery preparation, laboratory, pharmacy, and support spaces. During the renovation project, Building No. 266 will be utilized as a transitional space to allow uninterrupted operation of the veterinary clinic. Minor alterations will be performed in Building No. 266 to accommodate this purpose. Renovations to Building No. 265 will be respectful of the historical value of the building, particularly the exterior fa ade and overall character of the building.

Renovation of the interior spaces is not a historical restoration, but rather an improvement project for the functionality of the veterinary clinic and upgrading of the facility to current codes. Exterior repairs will be limited to the replacement of the second VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 24) floor patio floor tiles, repointing of deteriorated brickwork, repair of broken windows, repair areas of the tile roof, and painting of building entrance doors. No construction work is scheduled for Building No. 267 as part of the Building No. 265 renovation project. At the request of Fort Benning s Environmental Management Division, fieldwork was completed in April The final documentation was prepared by Architectural Historian Christine M.

Longiaru and Principal Investigator Stacey Griffin; Rachel Kyker, Editor; Mark Drumlevitch, Large-Format Photographer; all of Panamerican Consultants, Inc., 924 Avenue East, Tuscaloosa, Alabama VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 25) PART V. GRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION: A. Location Map Aerial view of the Veterinary Hospital Complex, Fort Benning, Georgia (USGS photorevised Fort Benning, Georgia-Alabama Quadrangle 7.5 topographic map). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 26) VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 27) B. Site Plan A map of the Veterinary Hospital complex; details the current layout of the area.

Electronic database drawing available in Plans and Support, Master Planning Office, Directorate of Public Works, Building 6, Fort Benning, Georgia. VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 28) C. Historic Installation Maps A general layout for Fort Benning, Georgia showing a detail of the northwest section of the Main Post and the vicinity of the future Veterinary Hospital complex. Note the Quartermasters Corps reserved for stables and hay sheds. Map available in Plans and Support, Master Planning Office, Directorate of Public Works, Building 6, Fort Benning, Georgia. VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 29) A revised U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers map showing the Fort Benning Stables and the Infantry Polo Ground. Map available in Plans and Support, Master Planning Office, Directorate of Public Works, Building 6, Fort Benning, Georgia. VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 30) A plan of Fort Benning, Georgia showing a defined Stable Area that extended across the future location of the Veterinary Hospital complex. Note Paddocks. Map available in Plans and Support, Master Planning Office, Directorate of Public Works, Building 6, Fort Benning, Georgia. VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 31) A installation map of Fort Benning, Georgia showing the Veterinary Hospital complex. Note Sheep Pen.

Map available in Plans and Support, Master Planning Office, Directorate of Public Works, Building 6, Fort Benning, Georgia. VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 32) D. Historic Photographs A photograph of the Veterinary Hospital Complex. From left to right: Building No. Veterinary Hospital and Barracks; Building No. Veterinary Hospital Ward; and Building No. Veterinary Ambulance Garage. VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 33) View of the Veterinary Hospital Complex, paddock, and stables from the railroad yards. Note Building No. the Veterinary Hospital Ward, in the distance at right.

Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder Veterinary Hospital and Office). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 34) A veterinarian examining a mule in the exterior dressing room area of Building No. Veterinary Hospital and Barracks. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/11:Military Animals Horses). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 35) Infantry School Stables. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 1/4/41:Buildings Stables).

VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 36) Infantry School Paddock and Stables. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 1/4/41:Buildings Stables). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 37) Front view of Paddock at Field Artillery Stables. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 1/4/41:Buildings Stables). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 38) Infantry School Stables.

Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 1/4/41:Buildings Stables). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 39) Infantry School Stables with Infantry leading working mule trains. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/7:Military Animals Horses With Wagon). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 40) View of working horse trains. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/6:Military Animals Horses and Carts).

VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 41) A view of Battalion wagon. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/7:Military Animals Horses and Wagons). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 42) A view of a military pack mule. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/10:Military Animals Horses). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 43) A view of two Infantry School Fox Hunt participants with stables in the background.

Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/10:Military Animals Horses). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 44) View of officers on the day of a horse show (no date). Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/5:Military Animals Horse Shows). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 45) Despite large scale motorization and mechanization, the Army still retained horses and equitation classes as depicted in this ca. photograph of students in the animal management course at the Infantry School.

Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/14:Military Animals Horses Jumping). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 46) A view of Building No. Veterinary Hospital and Barracks, at right and Building No. Veterinary Hospital Ward, at center. Note paddock fence at left. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/:Military Animals Miscellaneous Animals). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 47) Veterinary Service personnel working in the veterinary hospital pharmacy.

Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/51:Medical Personnel Folder). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 48) Army Signal Corps Carrier Pigeons program at Fort Benning. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/14:Military Animals Horses Jumping). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 49) A military animal dog detachment demonstration at Campbell King Horse Bowl. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/29:Military Animals Dog Detachment).

VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 50) Military dog detachment. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/28:Military Animals Dog Miscellaneous). VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX (Main Post Veterinary Hospital) HABS No. GA-2426 (Page 51) Military dog detachment training for Vietnam. Original photograph on file at the National Infantry Museum, Fort Benning Military Reservation, Columbus, Georgia (Folder 3/4/31:Military Animals Dog Detachment).