Roper-Beall-Martin Property, 3353 Cumming Highway (State Route 20), Canton

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS GA-2444. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The Roper-Beall-Martin Property is located at Cumming Highway (alternatively State Route 20 or SR 20) in the central Cherokee County, Georgia community of Buffington. The resource sits on the north side of the highway across from Autumn Brook Drive. The resource is located at latitude: longitude: This point was taken from the center of the Roper-Beall-Martin House. It was obtained on April 21, using Google Earth There is no restriction on its release to the public.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS GA-2444. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The Roper-Beall-Martin House was originally erected in and is significant for its architecture, retaining features of the Greek Revival style. The house served as seat to a mid-sized poultry farm operation throughout early and mid-twentieth century. Despite the end of farm operations in the the house retains a unique collection of supporting agricultural farm buildings, including two rare two-story outbuildings: a former chicken house/hatchery and former hatchery erected in the late Due to this retention of supporting farm buildings, in addition to its intact landscape, the Roper-Beall-Martin House stands as unique example of a small-scale, mid- twentieth century, Cherokee County poultry farm.

1 Historian(s): Marvin Brown, M.A., Senior Architectural Historian, AECOM; Sarah Potere, Architectural Historian, AECOM Report Completed December 1 Edwards-Pitman, Historic Resources Survey Report The DOE for Nejasco Farms, which is contained within the aforementioned document excerpt, is included in Part 3 of the Supplemental Materials. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 2) The Roper-Beall-Martin Property was evaluated for eligibility for listing in the National Register using the National Register Criteria for Evaluation as outlined in 36 CFR Part There are no known associations with individuals whose specific contributions to history can be identified and documented with this property.

No associations were indicated or suggested as a result of background research on the project area and deed research on the property, in any response to the Department's early P.I. 321 consultation correspondence received from consulting parties, or in an interview with the current owner of the property, or in interviews with neighboring property owners and long-time residents of the area. Therefore, there was no basis for evaluating the property under Criterion B. Also, there are no indications that the property is likely to yield information on important research questions in history or prehistory. This property does not appear to have the potential to be the principal source of important information. Therefore, there was no basis for evaluating the property under Criterion D.

The Roper-Beall-Martin Property was evaluated under Criterion A and appears to possess to possess a local level of significance in the areas of community development, agriculture, and commerce. The property was evaluated within the broader historical contexts of economic impacts of the Great Depression, World War II-era building restrictions, and mid-20th century poultry farming operations in Cherokee County. The Roper-Beall-Martin Property was evaluated in the broader historical context of economic impacts of the Great Depression in Cherokee County because the resource represents a property which was continually adapted by its owners to accommodate changing economic climates.

The resource was originally founded as a family farm which was prosperous during the latter part of the century but was negatively impacted by the Great Depression. The owners were eventually forced to sell portions of their property to the investment firm, Jones Mercantile Company in and the resource eventually changed hands several times in the early part of the century. The Roper- Beall-Martin Property was also evaluated within the broader historical context of World War II-era building restrictions in Cherokee County because the property was altered again from when it ceased operation as a family farm and the house was extensively remodeled.

According to an interview with the current property owner, restrictions were in place in Cherokee County during World War II which prohibited any new 36 Edwards-Pitman, Historic Resources Survey Report, The report also includes a history, description, and photographs of the Property. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 37) home construction. Although further research would be required to determine the extent of war-era building restrictions in Cherokee County, an examination of construction dates along the project corridor reveals that a very small percentage of homes were constructed between and As a result, property owners with means, such as the Beall family, were forced to remodel existing homes rather than build new.

Therefore, the changes which occurred during the are reflective of this broader pattern of home construction in Cherokee County from December 7, until the end of World War II, a trend which impacted the entire country as evidenced by the post-war housing boom in the United States. Therefore, rather than negatively impacting the property, the material changes which occurred at the Roper-Beall-Martin Property during World War II are merely a significant representation of community development as defined by the building restrictions which were imposed upon property owners from until The house associated with the Roper- Beall-Martin Property remains virtually unchanged since the renovations.

Therefore, the resource retains the essential physical features that made up its character or appearance during the period of its association with World War II-era building restrictions in Cherokee County. The property was also evaluated within the broader historical context of mid-20th century poultry farming operations in Cherokee County. Although the resource functioned as a family farm prior to World War II, the resource derives its primary agricultural significance from its time as a chicken hatchery.

Therefore, the Roper-Beall- Martin Property was evaluated in this context because research suggests that poultry farming played a significant role in the economic and agricultural development of Cherokee County from the end of World War II through the The property is considered eligible in this broader contextual framework because, unlike other, smaller hatcheries in the area, the Roper-Beall- Martin Property represented the primary chicken hatchery for the surrounding poultry farms for approximately 20 years, nearly the entire duration of the period of significance associated with poultry farming operations in Cherokee County.

At least one other hatchery, identified as Resource 30, is located within mile of the Roper-Beall-Martin Property, and at least two others were identified along the project corridor.

When compared with other hatcheries in the area, the Roper-Beall-Martin Property represents the only hatchery that began operation as a large-scale hatchery immediately following the conclusion of World War II and remained in operation through the majority of the According to interviews with property owners in both locations, the hatcheries associated with the Roper-Beall-Martin Property and Resource 30 were both negatively impacted by changes in poultry farming practices in the early By the mid-1960s, property owners of both resources were ultimately forced to leave the poultry industry in search of alternative means of financial stability. At the time of this change, the Roper-Beall-Martin Property had been a well-established ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No.

GA-2444 (Page 38) hatchery for nearly 20 years, while Resource 30 had only been in business for approximately five years. Therefore, the Roper-Beall-Martin Property appears to have played a significant role in mid-20th century poultry farming operations in Cherokee County. The Roper-Beall-Martin Property also appears to possess significance in the area of commerce as a significant example of economic diversification during the decline of poultry farming operations in Cherokee County. In both scenarios described above, the property owners converted their hatcheries into new income producing ventures in the mid-1960s.

The hatchery structures associated with the Roper-Beall-Martin Property were converted into apartments while Resource 30 was converted into a furniture business; in both cases, these changes reflect historic alterations. Although both properties reflect a diverse reuse of a chicken hatchery based upon financial necessity, only the Roper-Beall-Martin Property is considered a significant example of economic diversification during the decline of poultry farming operations in Cherokee County.

While both resources were physically modified to reflect their changes in use, the structures associated with the Roper-Beall-Martin Property have retained their original forms, have been altered very little since their mid-1960s renovations, and continue to function as income-producing apartment buildings for members of the Martin family. Therefore, the Roper-Beall-Martin Property retains the essential physical features that made up its character or appearance during the period of its association with the decline of poultry farming operations in Cherokee County. In comparison, the structures associated with Resource 30 were nearly doubled in size, are no longer in use as a furniture store showroom, and currently function as warehouses.

Therefore, when compared with other former hatcheries in the vicinity of the property, the Roper-Beall- Martin Property represents a significant example of an intact, diversified property during the period of decline of poultry farming operations in Cherokee County. Therefore, the Roper-Beall-Martin Property is considered eligible for inclusion in the National Register under Criterion A. The Roper-Beall-Martin Property was also evaluated under Criterion C and appears to possess a local level of significance in the area of architecture. The house (Structure 21A) represents an intact, Greek Revival house conveying a style that is significant in Georgia s architectural history.

The house retains many of the significant, character- defining features associated with its architectural style, including prominent columns, pilasters, and a wide frieze that encircles the house. The porch and gable represent the heavy proportions whichare staples of this architectural style. The house also has a symmetrical, rectangular form with a symmetrical front fa ade and a central entrance. Although the entrance does not feature a transom or sidelights, the door surround is elaborate with classical details. The house is also painted white. Although the house was altered in the the changes which ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No.

GA-2444 (Page 39) occurred during this time period were not stylistically incompatible with the Greek Revival style and were similar to the original architectural flourishes of the house. Furthermore, as discussed above, these changes are architecturally significant for their association with the era in which building restrictions which were imposed upon property owners during World War II. Integrity: The Roper-Beall-Martin Property has been determined to possess integrity in the areas of location, design, materials, workmanship, feeling and association. The resource is located on its original site of construction.

The structures associated with the resource have retained their original form and many of its original design features, or their circa design features as evidenced by the Greek Revival details on the house, and the original fenestration patterns on the other four structures. The resource retains most of its original, or building materials, including siding, windows, and doors. Integrity of workmanship is evidenced by the concrete block construction of the hatcheries/apartments and by the frame construction of the other structures. Because the resource retains many of the original, or design and material features (associated with its architectural type, style, and period of significance), it also retains sufficient integrity of feeling and association.

However, the resource has been determined not to possess integrity in the area of setting. The historic setting of the resource has been compromised by the loss of large oak trees between the house and Highway 20, by the construction of a non-historic subdivision directly across the street from the resource, and by the construction of a non-historic house on the property.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS GA-2444. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The Georgia Department of Transportation is implementing plans to widen SR 20 from two to six lanes between Scott Road (near Canton) and North Corners Parkway (near Cumming). The project corridor spans approximately miles and falls within Cherokee and Forsyth Counties. As result of this roadway expansion, all or part of the Roper- Beall-Martin Property will be demolished. Mitigation efforts were explored and a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) was devised between the United States Army Corps of Engineers, the Georgia Department of Transportation, and the Georgia State Historic Preservation Officer. This Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) documentation (historical narrative report and large format photography) was prepared in accordance with the stipulations of the aforementioned MOA.

Part I: Historical Information A. Physical History 1. Date of erection: The Roper-Beall-Martin House (House) the principal resource of the Roper-Beall-Martin Property (Property) was built in according to tax records, or in the according to the recollections of its current owner. Its visible surviving original features suggest that is a reasonable construction date estimate. The House s most likely builders were James B. and Millicent Narcissus Cloud. Significant alterations were undertaken by Elizabeth Beall in the first half of and completed, shortly thereafter, by James A. Martin. 2 2. Architect: Not known. 3. Original and subsequent owners, occupants, uses: Throughout its history, the House functioned as a single-family residence.

The earliest owner of the Property, identified in deed records, was James B. Cloud, a lifelong Cherokee County resident. In he transferred two tracts of county land, totaling 150 acres, to his son, James W. or Jimmy) Cloud for The larger 100-acre parcel, located in part within Land Lot included the land upon which the Property is located. An Cherokee County map that 2 The resource s name the Roper-Beall-Martin Property was assigned in the Edwards-Pitman, Historic Resources Survey Report that first addressed this resource and was used in the MOA that prompted the preparation of this documentation. That name is used in this document to refer to the resource as a whole but, to avoid confusion, the Property s principal resource is referred to here as the Roper-Beall-Martin House (House).

The date of the House is addressed at Cherokee County Historical Society Online Collection Index, Archives 7 (Darwin Martin interview, Cherokee County Tax Assessor, Real Estate Search of Cumming Hwy ; and Edwards-Pitman, which posits that the construction date is accurate. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 3) contains the names of a small number of landowners places the J. Cloud house on Land Lot just southwest of Land Lot 3 A local history of the area also suggests that the Cloud house was on the Property, or located nearby. 4 James B. Cloud and Millicent Narcissus (Narcissus) McCraw Worley a Civil War widow, married in Their son, was born the following year. Cherokee County tax records of identify James B.

Cloud as owning 210 acres within Land Lots 274 and The land was valued at Five years later, the records locate his 210 acres in Land Lots 274 and Lot 274 was immediately south of By the value of the land had risen to The Clouds marriage date, their son s birth in and their 210-acre parcel adjacent to Land Lot 275 imply that they are the most likely candidates to have erected the House. 5 The first documented association of the Roper family with the Property is when James W. Cloud sold it to John Rufus (Rufus or Roper The sale, for encompassed three parcels totaling 85 acres. The House s current 5.4-acre parcel was part of a 20-acre tract within Land Lot located on the north side of Orange Road, now SR 20.

6 Roper s World War I draft registration card identified him as a stone polisher at the Georgia Marble Finishing Works in Canton; he lived in Canton or the Canton area as well. He was 29 years old, married, and had one child. In the year Roper bought the Property, the federal census identified him as a general farmer residing in Canton Militia District 472 with wife, Ora Davenport Roper and their eight-year-old son, Loyal. His new occupation suggests he moved into the House shortly after he purchased the Property. According to census documentation, Cloud still lived in the area, only one farm distant from the Ropers. By the family had a four-year- old son, Leon.

By Loyal Roper had married and set up his own household next door and Ora was employed as a 3 Georgia Bureau of Vital Statistics death certificate for James B. Cloud; Cherokee County Deed Book HH/Page 308 Bullock, Cherokee County map, (Figure 1). No evidence could be found on the map or in the deed record that the Roper family built the House and established the farm, as posited in the Edwards-Pitman Since at or near its founding, the county has been broken into Militia Districts and Land Lots, which are depicted on the map. 4 In Bell and Beavers, Buffington and Macedonia, Fred H. Martin roughly mapped and identified 102 resources within the vicinity of the communities of Buffington, in which the Roper-Martin-Beall Property is located, and Macedonia to its east.

He drew the map in based upon his memories of the area from the first third of the twentieth century. He placed Jim Cloud, Jr. (son of Uncle Jim s first family) on or near the Property. Whether the J. Cloud, Jr. house was that shown on the map, the Roper-Beall-Martin House, or another dwelling could not be determined. Martin was referring to his uncle and cousin, James B Cloud and James W. Cloud. 5 Georgia Property Tax Digests, Militia District and 6 Cherokee County Deed Book PP/Page 114 ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 4) spinner in a cotton mill. had continued to farm.

7 By when the Ropers sold the Property, it certainly held a house: the deed states that the land, located on the north side of the Canton and Cumming Road [SR included the residence where the grantor now lives. 8 The sales price was for only the piece of his holdings located within Land Lot which indicates he had improved it. Whether the Ropers rebuilt or otherwise altered the House could not be determined. Jones Mercantile Company, the purchaser of the Ropers land, held the Property for less than three months before selling it to Reverend Luther B. Bridgers, Sr. for an undisclosed sum.

The sale included the Roper land, as well as a parcel to its east that Jones Mercantile had also acquired in 9 Bridgers sold the Property to Roy Reynolds in who in turn sold it on January 9, to Elizabeth Hollum and Joseph S. (Joe) Beall, Sr. The precise sale date is important to determine the House s history in a year critical to its appearance. 10 Joe Beall (ca.1901-45) was a native Marylander who received an agriculture degree from the University of Georgia around About he opened a Capitola Feed Company store in Canton. On February 15, while driving a truckload of live chickens to a defense poultry processing plant in Chattanooga, Beall s brakes failed on a hill and he died in the ensuing accident.

Elizabeth and their daughter, Sarah, were still living in a hotel in Canton, as the purchase of the Roper-Beall-Martin Property had occurred only a month earlier. Beall was 44 at his death. 11 The Bealls had borrowed from the Etowah Bank on January 31, 12 As they had already purchased the Property earlier in the month, this sum may have been for improvements to the House. According to current owner Darwin Martin, his father, James (Jim) A. Martin purchased the Property in May Although a deed for this purchase could not be located, its timing fits with Elizabeth s ability to pay off the bank note in full on May 17, as written on the note s face in the deed record.

13 7 US Census Bureau and 8 Cherokee County Deed Book 7/Page 218 9 Cherokee County Deed Book 7/Page 188 10 Cherokee County Deed Book 12/Page 283 and Deed Book 14/Page 15 Bridgers likely never lived in the House. At least through October he was pastor of Atlanta s Haygood Methodist Church (Atlanta Constitution, October 17, He retired not long after that and spent the last three years of his life in Gainesville in Hall County (Atlanta Constitution, May 29, 11 Atlanta Constitution, February 17 and February 18, Smithwick, Poultry Pioneers in Cherokee County, 93- 95. Beall had reportedly taken the place behind the wheel of an employee who did not show up for work. 12 Cherokee County Deed Book 11/Page 7 13 Edwards-Pitman, ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No.

GA-2444 (Page 5) Darwin Martin told Edwards-Pitman in that the House had been 90 percent renovated by the time his father purchased the Property. Martin offered a reasonable explanation for renovation related to restrictions connected with wartime shortages that limited new construction. How Elizabeth Beall found the means, time, or energy to renovate the House following her husband s death is not known: by November according to Martin, she was forced to sell the family s feed and seed business in Canton, which she had been trying to run single-handedly.

14 Martin also told Edwards-Pitman that his father completed the renovations by August 6, when the family moved into the House, and had added four extant buildings between about and Jim Martin also demolished the earlier buildings associated with the House two smokehouses, a small barn, and a small chicken house that may have been contemporary with it. In or he constructed a large, two-story, chicken house to the north of the residence. By he had converted the chicken house into a hatchery. In that same year, he constructed a second, smaller, two-story hatchery just to the chicken house s east. In or he added a garage closer to the House s rear. He then built a small house for his mother, Leona S. Martin, in a short distance to the House s west.

She died the following year, and the building, according to tax assessment records, was subsequently converted into an office. In Jim Martin converted the smaller hatchery into apartments. He closed the hatchery business two years later and converted the other hatchery into apartments. 15 In an account included in a history of chicken farming in Cherokee County 16 summarized in the following paragraphs Darwin Martin described the role his father played as one of the early pioneers in the [county s] poultry or chicken business. In the late Jim Martin began experimenting with raising chickens on a commercial scale at his farm in the Hickory Flat community, a few miles south of Buffington: His chicken raising operation was expanded from one small house to 12 poultry houses.

The early houses had a capacity of 500 to chickens while some of the later ones held up to chickens. As his business and that of friends, neighbors and associates expanded, he and his wife, Velma Hopkins Martin contracted with several 14 Smithwick, Poultry Pioneers in Cherokee County, No record of the seed store sale could be located in the deed record. The Atlanta Constitution ran a story on February 21, identifying the limitations on individual construction projects associated with private dwellings. The order, intended to address the shortage of materials required for war production, is found at Knowlson, TITLE 32. Elizabeth Beall and Canton business and civic leaders corresponded with the Navy Department to get her son Joseph S. Beall, Jr.

released from the service following his father s death. By the time he returned in November she had already been compelled to sell the business. 15 Edwards-Pitman, 16 Smithwick, Poultry Pioneers in Cherokee County, pp. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 6) out-of-state hatcheries. They became brokers or sales agents for a few hatcheries in North Georgia and, later, North Alabama. According to Darwin Martin: The sales business started small at first and eventually expanded to sales of to baby chicks per week. At that time local hatcheries were not in abundance and could not meet the demand for baby chicks. Mr. Martin started with one small box truck and eventually had five trucks dedicated to picking up and delivering baby chicks.

The chicks were delivered from Connecticut and Virginia by rail to Buford or Gainesville, Georgia and by cargo aircraft or to the Gainesville[,] Georgia airport. They eventually were mostly delivered by large box trucks or by tractor trailer to Mr. Martin s place of business on the same property as his home. Jim Martin also started selling chicken feed and supplies in the late The feed was shipped by rail to the depot in Canton, where it was stored for later distribution. Martin had to adjust to changes in the industry in the late and In the mid-1960s, he closed his hatcheries and also gave up his feed and supply sales business. He took a job with the Georgia State Department of Agriculture as an inspector.

Darwin Martin concluded his account by noting that, following an auto accident and declining health, his father retired from the state in and died in In Martin deeded a 10-acre tract that includes the House and associated buildings to his son and daughter-in-law, Darwin and Barbara Anne Martin. Darwin took over sole possession of the Property, which he still owns, following his wife s death in By that time, it encompassed 5.4 acres, its current size. 17 4. Builder: Not known. 5. Original plans and construction: No original plans, descriptions, or construction information was identified for the Roper-Beall-Martin House.

18 While presenting characteristics of the Greek Revival style, the house does not conform to an academic type but rather is a typical design for its location and period of construction. 17 Cherokee County Deed Book 192/Page 473 and Deed Book 11946/Page 469 18 A photograph of the chicken barn under construction is discussed with that building, below. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 7) One-and-a-half stories tall, the House is built of frame, and topped by a gable-front roof. Its original core has a nearly square footprint, with a recessed porch on its west (side) fa ade, and a one-story wing extending west from the north (rear) of that facade.

The House s likely original exterior features a Classical-style front entry surround; the outline of curved sidelights at the door above the entry; a broken pediment on its front (south) facade; a triangular pediment across its rear facade; and friezeboards edged by moldings beneath its eaves. Likely original interior features include the southwest parlor s Classical-style mantel; the balusters, newel post, and handrail of its staircase; and the exposed sidelights at the south end of its upper half story. The front entry opens directly into the principal parlor that occupies the House s southwest corner. From the entry, one can look through the parlor and two doors to the House s rear. The first door leads into a small room adjacent to the recessed porch.

The second door leads from the small room into the kitchen that occupies the northwest corner of the square core of the House; the single-room wing opens to its west. The principal parlor also opens into a secondary parlor, or bedroom, at its east, which fills the House s southeast corner. From this room, one can enter the dining room at the House s northeast corner. The stair ascending to the half-story opens from the dining room, near the House s center. 6. Alterations and additions: The alterations made to the House ca. lend it a mid- twentieth-century feeling.

Outside, its portico was altered by the replacement or covering of its columns by four straight-sided vinyl columns, and the installation of modern cladding over of its architrave; asbestos siding and five sets of side-by-side windows were added; the front entryway was shortened; and the sidelights at the bay above were enclosed. Inside, floors were replaced or covered; walls were sheathed in sheetrock or knotty pine paneling; sheetrock, some appended with stucco swirls, was attached to ceilings; and doors between rooms were replaced. 19 B. Historical Context Throughout the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, the Roper-Beall-Martin Property was, in all likelihood, a farm.

Cherokee County was almost entirely agricultural during that period, excluding the town of Canton and a small number of communities that quarried and processed marble. If James B. and Narcissus Cloud owned the Property, and perhaps built the core of the House during this period, their 210-acre farm would have allowed for cultivating various crops. However, tax and census records from the period do 19 The Edwards-Pitman, 317 surmised that the changes made by the Beall and Martin families included the application of asbestos shingle siding to the exterior of the resource and possibly reconstructing the front porch. Changes made during the mimicked the original Greek Revival style of the house. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No.

GA-2444 (Page 8) not identify what crops they raised on their farm. 20 The purported nineteenth-century outbuildings that stood nearby two smokehouses, a small barn, and a small chicken house also do not provide any insight into what the farm may have produced. Cotton, Upcountry Georgia s most prolific cash crop, was the most likely candidate for the Property s principal crop. It was widely grown in Cherokee County and the Buffington community where the Property is located. A locally famous photograph from depicts many acres of cotton on Cumming Highway at Nejasco Farms, less than two miles east of the Property, awaiting picking by 35 volunteers, assisted by 18 mules.

21 James William Wheeler Martin, father of later Property owner Jim Martin, was another member of the Buffington community who raised cotton (Figure 4 and Figure 5). The Property s agricultural history from into the mid-1970s, however, was clearly tied to chicken raising, the farm product that replaced cotton in Cherokee County and the Upcountry in the middle third of the twentieth century. 22 Chickens had long been a part of farm life in Upcountry Georgia, and throughout the South, under the care of farm wives and children. In the the production of broiler chickens became a cash, rather just a domestic, crop and farmers began to build more and larger chicken houses. Wives were still involved in production, but their husbands began to assume responsibility for the decision making.

These decisions, in turn, were heavily influenced by individuals known as furnishing merchants who controlled much of the industry s necessary goods and capital and, subsequently, by agribusinesses. By the early according to agricultural historian Monica Richmond Gisolfi, successful furnishing merchants had begun to purchase hatcheries, distribution facilities, and processing plants. Soon they owned every stage of the process, except the poultry houses in which the broilers were raised, which were fast becoming the most expensive and most risky part of the business. 23 In her oral history of the poultry industry in Cherokee County, Smithwick writes: By the early Cherokee County was claiming the title of The Poultry Capital of the World.

Every major road into Cherokee County boasted a large sign with a big white chicken on it announcing World s Largest Broiler Producing County. At the time there were 227 independent growers doing business in Cherokee County 24 20 US Census Bureau and 21 Gisolfi, From Crop Lien to Contract Farming, Harper, Development of Agriculture in Upper Georgia ; Bell and Beavers, Buffington and Macedonia, 31, Johnston, Cherokee County, Georgia, 22 Gisolfi, The Takeover, Gisolfi, From Crop Lien to Contract Farming, Johnston, Cherokee County, Georgia, Gannon, Georgia s Broiler Industry. 23 Gisolfi, From Crop Lien to Contract Farming, 24 Smithwick, Poultry Pioneers in Cherokee County, ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No.

GA-2444 (Page 9) As the raising of chickens became dominated by agribusiness through its insistence on contract farming wresting control from and increasing the expenses of farmers many began to withdraw from the practice in Cherokee County and elsewhere in North Georgia and the South. As Johnston writes in her county history, By the the glory get-rich days of the poultry industry were beginning to fade 25 The experience of Jim Martin, builder of the two surviving former poultry-related outbuildings on the Property, mirrors that of the majority of poultry producers in Cherokee County and elsewhere in North Georgia. He and his wife, Velma, began raising chickens in the late and, around shifted into representing hatcheries, raising chicks, and selling feed and supplies.

26 They followed, and perhaps stayed ahead of, county trends in the and 27 By the however, they felt it was time to leave the business behind and converted their hatcheries into apartment houses. They appear to have found it increasingly difficult to compete with the agribusiness interests that had largely assumed control of the industry by that time. Part II. Architectural Information A. General Statement 1. Architectural character: The Roper-Beall-Martin House is a wood-frame, one-and-a- half- story, single-family residence. The nearly full-width columned portico, Classical-style entryway, and broken pediment on its front facade reflect elements of the Greek Revival style.

The full triangular pediment, on its rear facade, and the friezeboards that underpin the House s pediments and eaves, also recall that style. At its interior, it retains its suspected original parlor mantel, stairway finish, and upper-story bay with sidelights. These features are indicative of its late-Greek Revival style origins. Its many ca. alterations, however, reflect a mid-twentieth-century sensibility with features popular from that era. Despite its presentation of these Greek Revival stylistic features, the house does not conform 25 Johnston, Cherokee County, Georgia, Gisolfi, From Crop Lien to Contract Farming, Gisolfi, The Takeover.

26 Velma Martin s involvement in the business, as well as Elizabeth Roper s attempt to run her husband s feed and seed business, reflects the involvement of women in chicken raising, even as it moved from the chicken yard to a cash crop (Gisolfi, From Crop Lien to Contract Farming, 27 During the first nine months of according to county agricultural agent H. A. Maxey, more than chicks had been brought into Cherokee County, most via railcar to Canton (Atlanta Constitution, August 13, The Atlanta Constitution of May 13, reported that Broiler houses dot the green hills around Canton. Flocks of to aren t considered too large for many poultrymen of the county. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No.

GA-2444 (Page 10) to an academic type identified as significant within the state of Georgia, but rather is a typical design for its location and period of construction (Figure 2. Condition of fabric: The House appears not to have been altered since ca. and is in good-to-fair condition. 28 B. Description of Exterior 1. Overall dimensions: The House s original block is nearly square, about 37 -0 wide and 40 -0" deep. A rectangular recessed porch is situated on the west facade and spans almost the entire width of the facade. An original one-room gabled wing extends to the west from the rear section of the west (side) facade. 29 2. Foundations: The House stands on a continuous brick foundation. The regular smooth finish of the bricks suggest they date from the ca. renovations.

They may have replaced rough stone supports similar to the bases of the three chimneys. 3. Walls: The House s original cladding is hidden beneath asphalt shingles added ca. 4. Structural system, framing: The House s structural system was not available for inspection. However, the depth of the walls and period of construction indicate it is of wood- frame construction. 5. Porches, stoops, balconies, porticoes, bulkheads: A one-story-tall portico supported by four columns extends across the House s front facade. The columns are either replacements or encase earlier columns. They are fluted with no entasis, rest on shallow plain bases, and are topped by shallow plain capitals. The portico terminates at two pilasters.

The pilasters, which appear to be original, are constructed of unfluted wood, and feature deeper bases and capitals. The columns support a tall asbestos-shingled architrave that appears out of scale with the portico. A projecting friezeboard with a molded cornice crowns the portico. The portico s brick steps and foundation, and its terrazzo floor, appear to date from c. Topping the portico is a flat-roofed deck with ca. metal filigree balustrade of alternating twisted and square balusters, that was also likely added ca. The wood pediment outlining the gable is broken at the bottom by the portico. Along with the friezeboard and molding underpinning it, it is likely original.

A plain curved surround outlines the door that 28 Edwards-Pitman s statement of integrity for the Property in its is included in full at Part III B of this narrative. 29 The Property is privately owned, and access was limited. General dimensions are taken from tax records. Only brief entrance to the interior was permitted. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 11) once opened onto the deck. It is flanked by sidelights that are boarded-over on the outside. It too appears to be original. The metal posts and corrugated awning shading the doorway were added after the renovations. A shallow secondary porch set into the House s west side facade is faced with asbestos shingles and lacks any posts or railings.

The height of its architrave, which mirrors that of the portico, and the friezeboard and molding at the eaves, indicate that it is an original feature, but one that has been altered. 6. Chimneys: The House has three matching exterior-end brick chimneys. They are laid in stretcher bond except for their rough shallow stone bases. Each has a stepped shouldered stack, and a minimally corbeled cap. Their asymmetrical placement reflects their use. The chimney toward the front of the west (side) facade serves the principal parlor. Its identically positioned mate on the opposite side serves the secondary parlor or bedroom. The third chimney, on the eastern portion of the rear facade, was built to heat the dining room. 7. Openings a.

Doorways and doors: The principal doorway is centered on the House s south- facing front facade. Its two flanking wood pilasters are unadorned. They rest on plinths with molded tori and are topped by molded capitals. A wide torus crosses the entryway above them. It is also edged top and bottom by molding and is crowned by a molded cornice. Within this Classical-style enframement is a molded surround that enframes this front door. The likely original door has four raised panels and four rectangular lights at its top. The upper part of these lights is obscured by a board beneath the entry s lintel that was inserted to accommodate the addition of a modern screen door.

The inside of the front door matches its outside, although the four upper lights that appeared to be rectangular have unusual offset arched components at their tops. The door appears to be original. The west side facade holds three doors within the recessed porch. A pair of French doors that post-date open from the recess s east wall into the House s small central room. A single door in the recessed area s north wall, which likely dates from ca. leads into the kitchen. The wing has two doors. One is set within the eastern half of its south-facing facade. The other is placed opposite, within the eastern half of the wing s north-facing facade. All of the doors on the west (side) facade and the wing have plain surrounds. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 12) b.

Windows and shutters: The symmetrical front elevation is comprised of three bays the central entry with window bays to either side. Each window bay holds a pair of side-by-side windows that likely replaced single windows ca. The windows are six-over-six-light double-hung sash set within plain surrounds. All of the House s windows and surrounds are similarly fashioned. They differ only in size some are shorter and in whether they are single or side-by-side. Four asymmetrically placed window bays punctuate the east side facade. At the southern portion of the facade are two full-sized windows set to either side of the chimney. To their north is a smaller later-added window. Beyond it is a ca.1945 double window bay. Four asymmetrically located windows cross the main body of the rear elevation.

Two full-sized windows flank the chimney. To their west is another full-sized window, and a smaller double window bay. Centered beneath the gable peak of the upper half story are paired full-sized windows. The west (side) elevation has a full-sized window to either side of its chimney. Beyond this are the doors of the recessed porch. The wing has three full-sized windows, one each at its two-bay north and south elevations, and one centered in its west gable-end. 8. Roof a. Shape, covering: A ribbed standing-seam metal gable-front roof covers the main block of the House. The roof was replaced around based on aerial imagery. A similar metal roof with a green hue tops the gabled wing. b. Cornice, eaves: The front facade has a triangular pediment that is broken by the portico at its bottom.

A full triangular pediment crosses the body of the rear elevation. Cornice returns mark the gable end of the wing. Underpinning all of these are friezeboards with upper moldings. Gutters are modern. c. Dormers, cupolas, towers: The house has none of these features. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 13) C. Description of Interior 30 1. Floor plans: The principal parlor is situated at the front southwest corner of the house, which is accessed directly through the front door. From the parlor s north rear, one can enter a small central room located adjacent to (east of) the recessed porch. At its north rear, the central room opens into the kitchen, which fills the northwest corner of the main block of the House. These three western rooms are flanked by two eastern rooms.

A secondary parlor, or bedroom, is entered directly from the principal parlor. To its north (rear), a door leads into the dining room, which fills the House s northeast corner. The House s chimneys serve the two parlors and the dining room. The staircase to the upper half-story is entered from the dining room. The half-story holds two, 12 -0 wide bedrooms which run the length of the house. 31 The staircase climbs directly into the south (front) bedroom. A smaller bedroom is located to the north (rear). 2. Stairways: All but the bottom four steps of the staircase are boxed between walls on their southerly run from the dining room up to the half-story front bedroom. The bottom step has a delicate turned newel post around which a molded handrail winds.

Four round slender balusters, along with the newel, support the handrail on the first stair. Each of the three stairs above have three parallel matching balusters. 3. Flooring: The principal front parlor and the front upper-story bedroom have regularly sized narrow wood floors. The parlor floor runs east-west; the bedroom floor runs north- south, parallel to the roof ridge. Both of these floors are likely not original. The floors in the other rooms appear to be carpeted or vinyl clad. (The rear bedroom was not viewed.) The narrow baseboards are later additions. 4. Wall and ceiling finish: Knotty pine boards clad the walls of the principal parlor, kitchen, and the one-room wing. The central room and dining room appear to be faced with drywall or, perhaps, paint over plaster.

The knee walls and angled walls of the front bedroom are also either drywall or painted plaster. 30 The architectural historians for this document and Edwards-Pitman did not have access to the House s interior. However, when Rob Tucher was completing his photography of the Property, he was granted limited access, during which time he took a single image each of the principal parlor, dining room, kitchen, and south front bedroom in the half-story. This abbreviated description of the interior is based upon these four photographs and discussions with Mr. Tucher. The MOA that led to the preparation of this document did not require interior access or description.

Because the limited interior access provided important information on the House s decorative features, and therefore its date of construction, a discussion of interior features, though necessarily limited, has been included. 31 Cherokee County Property Tax Records, Cumming Highway. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 14) The principal parlor s ceiling is drywall. The ceilings of the dining room, kitchen, and front bedroom are likely drywall finished with swirls of the stucco in recent years. (The other ceilings were not viewed). 5. Openings a. Doorways and doors: The visible interior doors, with two exceptions, have three recessed panels in each, and appear to date from ca. or later.

Possibly dating to the original period of construction, the inside of the front door matches its outside, although the four upper lights that appear rectangular at the door s exterior have unusual offset arched components at their tops. The south-facing doorway in the upper bedroom has six lights over three stacked recessed panels. Its stacked four-light sidelights are hinged to provide ventilation. It is unknown if they are still operable. Above each frame is a fixed quarter-round light. Wide plain moldings that match those on the exterior surround the doorway. These are crude but likely original. b.

Windows: The interior windows and trim that were viewed appear to have no historic or otherwise notable trim, with the exception of the sidelights and quarter- round lights that surround the upper-story door. 6. Decorative features and trim: The only notable decorative feature, excluding the stairway and two doorways already discussed, is the mantelpiece centered on the west wall of the principle parlor. Straightforward molding that may be original frames the closed-off hearth. A prominent flattened torus extends the width of the mantelpiece just above the hearth enframement. A concave molding and projecting shelf surmount it. The mantelpiece appears to be original. 7. Hardware: No notable hardware was identified within the interior. 8.

Mechanical equipment: No notable lighting fixtures, plumbing systems, heating, air conditioning, or ventilation equipment was identified within the exterior. 9. Original furnishings: No original furnishings were identified inside. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 15) D. Site 1. Historic landscape design: The NRHP-eligible boundary of the Roper-Beall-Martin Property was determined to be its current 5.4-acre parcel, rather than the 20 acres it encompassed in or its 30-acre size in The rationale was that the property has been subdivided over time, no longer serves an agricultural purpose, and has had new construction.

32 The parcel is gently rolling and largely clear around the buildings with a scattering of deciduous trees (Figure 6 through Figure The location of the buildings was determined by proximity to the Cumming Highway, the land s elevation near that road, and building uses. The House sits on a rise overlooking a looping entry drive that connects at either end to the highway on the south. The road was likely shifted and, certainly, widened since the House s construction. 33 Jim Martin added the four other buildings in relation to the House. He placed the chicken house and the hatchery about 200 -0" north of his residence, almost certainly to mitigate smells. He built his garage only about 30 -0" to the House s rear so it would be within easy walking distance.

He erected the Leona Martin House for his ailing mother about 60 -0 feet to the west. 2. Outbuildings Chicken House/Hatchery: In or Jim Martin constructed a large chicken house, according to his son, Darwin, about 200 -0" north (to the rear) of the House. By he had changed the building s use from chicken house to hatchery. About he converted the building into an apartment house, which it remains at present. 34 A June photograph depicts the building s short west-facing and longer south- facing facades. The building s ground level is banked into a slope on the south and is built of concrete block. A sliding wood barn door on the west elevation ground level allowed access to the chickens. Large casement windows that tipped down and in provided light and ventilation along the long facades.

The taller upper story was built of frame and covered with black tar paper. Thin vertical battens helped affix the paper to the outer wall. Two windows and a central door pierce the west gable wall at the upper story. Bands of casement windows are visible within the long facades on 32 Edwards-Pitman, 33 An aerial view of the Property and its boundary lines, included in the supplemental material below, indicates that only the northernmost portion of the Roper-Beall-Martin House is located within the resource s current tax parcel. However, all of the house is located within the Property s 5.4-acre NR-eligible boundary (Edwards-Pitman, 34 Edwards-Pitman, ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 16) this story.

A porch near the center of the south facade provided access to a door that led into the upper story. A metal roof set on rafters with exposed tails tops the building. The use of concrete block and exposed black tar paper was common in Georgia from at least through according to photographs of contemporary chicken and broiler houses. However, Martin s two-story chicken house/hatchery, and the two- story hatchery he added the following year, are the only examples of such buildings of that height included among the photographs of the Digital Georgia Library. These photographs document little if any formal and structural difference in Georgia between chicken houses, broiler houses, and hatcheries.

35 When the building was converted into apartments, its concrete-block lower story and frame upper story was retained. Multiple replacement double-hung sash windows were cut into the four facades. A long shed-roofed porch was added on the south- facing facade to provide access to doors opening into the two upper-story apartments. The tar paper was replaced or covered by asbestos shingles, and the roof is now covered by asphalt shingles. A carport was also added to the north (rear). The interior, not viewed, must have been expanded from large open spaces into rooms and four apartments.

In spite of these changes, it is clear that the core of the original chicken house remains intact (Figure Hatchery: In Jim Martin added a smaller two-story hatchery parallel to and just east of the chicken house/hatchery. In he converted this building into apartments, a use it retains to the present. This building also appears to have been built with a concrete-block lower story and a frame upper story. Its core remained intact after its conversion, but its exterior was altered, as certainly was its interior, which was not viewed. Its current appearance is similar to that of the chicken house/hatchery.

It is clad with asbestos shingles and covered by an asphalt-shingled 35 The digital library includes photographs of more than 20 chicken and broiler houses from the period built with concrete block and/or exposed black paper or plastic. All but one of these, which is pictured in the supplementary materials below, is under copyright or contractual restriction. They include, in North Georgia counties, a group of Pickens County broiler houses, Mr.

Nichols broiler house in Barrow County, a Madison County broiler house, a Gordon County broiler house, a New broiler house for chickens in Dawson County, the Francis Bowen Farm broiler house in Greene County, a New 30 foot [wide] Broiler House in Jackson County, a 30 -wide chicken broiler house, in Jackson County, and a Barrow County chicken house ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 17) roof. Double-hung sash windows were added at both stories. Doors placed at the ground level of both gable ends lead into one or two downstairs apartments. A door centered in the south-facing facade leads into the upper-level apartment. It is reached via a one-bay porch supported by concrete piers and served by concrete steps.

A gable-front roof supported by metal posts extends above the porch, which is enclosed by metal railings (Figure Garage and carport: The garage, situated about 30 -0" to the rear (north) of the House, was added by Jim Martin in or It is a rectangular frame building with its front gable facing west. That facade is pierced by two roll-up garage doors, both of which have been replaced. The other three facades have a single, six-light window each. The south (side) facade is also served by a single-leaf door at its western edge. A continuous concrete-block foundation supports the building. Asphalt shingles that are likely original clad the building. Its gabled seam-metal roof is a later replacement. The exposed rafter tails underpinning the roof, however, are original.

A modern metal carport stands immediately to the garage s rear (Figure Leona S. Martin House: In Jim Martin erected a small house for his mother, Leona, about 60 -0" to the west of his House. It is a one-story, rectangular, frame building with a gable-end roof. All of the house s windows are six-over-six double- hung sash. A door at the center of the three-bay-wide south (front) elevation is flanked by a single window to its right (east) and a paired window unit to its left. The west gable end has one window toward the rear of its facade; paired reduced- height windows are centered on the east gable end. Louvered ventilators pierce the tops of both gables. A single window and a double unit pierce the rear facade. A continuous brick foundation underpins the house.

Asbestos shingles, likely original, clad the building. The green seam-metal roof is a later replacement (Figure Part III. Sources of Information A. Selected Sources Atlanta Constitution, Train Renewal Request Stirs Attack Here, August 13, , WPB Places Ceiling on Building, February 21, , Guest Speaker, October 17, , Funeral Notices, Mr. Joseph S. Beall, February 17, ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 18) , Beall, Canton, to be Buried Here, February 18, , Luther Bridgers Funeral Today, Pioneer Pastor, May 29, , Poultry, Textiles Spur Canton s Development, May 13, Bell, and Marcus L. Beavers, editors. Buffington and Macedonia in Days Gone By, Cherokee County, Georgia. Cherokee County Historical Society, Bernhardt, Jayne. Historic Resource Survey Update.

Copy located at the Cherokee County Historical Society, Canton. Bullock, W. P. Cherokee County, Georgia map. Athens, GA: Cherokee Map Company, Accessed September at Cherokee County Heritage Book Committee. The Heritage of Cherokee County, Georgia, Walworth Publishing Co. Cherokee County Historical Society Online Collection Index, Archives 7: pp. (summary of oral history interview with Darwin Martin). Accessed September at Cherokee County Tax Assessor, Real Estate Search for Cumming Hw. Accessed September at property/402306. Digital Library of Georgia. Broiler house owned by Mr. Martin. 2 floors. Martin, his son, and H.A. Maxey and two others standing at door.

Accessed September at Edwards-Pitman Environmental, Inc., Historic Resources Survey Report: GDOT Projects and Cherokee and Forsyth Counties (P.I. Nos. HP No. Prepared for Georgia Department of Transportation. Copy on file at GDOT Office of Environmental Services, Atlanta. Gannon, Arthur. Georgia s Broiler Industry. The Georgia Review VI, no. 3 (Fall ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 19) Georgia Bureau of Vital Statistics. Death certificate of Cloud, January 13, Accessed September at photo=52526768. Georgia s Living Places: Historic Houses in Their Landscaped Settings.

Atlanta: Historic Preservation Section, Division of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Sites, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Georgia Property Tax Digests, Militia District and Accessed September at www.ancestry.com. Gisolfi, Monica R. The Takeover: Chicken Farming and the Roots of American Agribusiness. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, Gisolfi, Monica Richmond. From Crop Lien to Contract Farming: the Roots of Agribusiness in the American South, Agricultural History 80, no. 2 Harper, Roland M. Development of Agriculture in Upper Georgia, The Georgia Historical Quarterly 6, no. 1 (March Johnston, Rebecca. Cherokee County, Georgia, a History. Cherokee County Historical Society. Knowlson, J. S.

"TITLE 32 NATIONAL DEFENSE: Chapter IX War Production Board: Subchapter B Division of Industry Operations: Part Construction:

Conservation Order No

Journal (American Water Works Association) 34, no. 5 Accessed October at Latham, Dan H., Jr. Historic Resources Survey of Cherokee County, Georgia, Survey Report. June Copy located at the Cherokee County Historical Society, Canton. Marlin, Lloyd G. The History of Cherokee County. Walter W. Brown Publishing Co., Atlanta. Reprinted by the Cherokee County Historical Society, Messick, Denise P., Joseph, and Natalie P. Adams. Tilling the Earth: Georgia s Historic Agricultural Heritage- A Context. Electronic resource accessed August and available at ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 20) Smithwick, Karen Manous. Poultry Pioneers in Cherokee County, Georgia. Cherokee County Historical Society, U.S.

Census Bureau, Tenth Census of the United States, Accessed September at www.ancestry.com. , Twelfth Census of the United States, Accessed September at www.ancestry.com. , Thirteenth Census of the United States, Accessed September at www.ancestry.com. , Fourteenth Census of the United States, Accessed September at www.ancestry.com. , Fifteenth Census of the United States, Accessed September at www.ancestry.com. , Sixteenth Census of the United States, Accessed September at www.ancestry.com. War Production Board. Title 32 National Defense, Chapter IX War Production Board, Subchapter B Division of Industry Operations, Part Construction. Conservations Order No. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 21) Part IV. Supplemental Materials Figure 1: Roper-Beall-Martin Location Map.

ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 22) Figure 2: Roper-Beall-Martin Property Site Map. ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 23) Figure 3: Annotated Bullock Cherokee County, Georgia map showing approximate location of Cumming Highway/SR 20 and J. Cloud property in Note the numbered Land Lots those shaded in gray are part of Militia District, or Cumming Militia District, (Image courtesy of the Library of Congress digital map collection ). ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 24) Figure 4: The Buffington Cotton Workout, (Image courtesy of the Cherokee County Historical Society). ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 25) Figure 5: James William Wheeler Martin Buffington farmer and father of James A.

Martin, in cotton field, (Image courtesy of the Cherokee County Historical Society) ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 26) Figure 6: Context view looking from Chicken House/Hatchery toward Roper-Beall-Martin House. View looking southeast. (Photograph by Rob Tucher, September ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 27) Figure 7: Context view from Roper-Beall-Martin House toward Chicken House/Hatchery. View looking northwest. (Photograph by Rob Tucher, September ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 28) Figure 8: View of Roper-Beall-Martin House and the Leona S. Martin House at far left, in context from the top of Autumn Brook Drive. View looking north. (Photograph by Rob Tucher, September ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No.

GA-2444 (Page 29) Figure 9: View of the Leona S. Martin House at left and the Roper-Beall-Martin House at right, from the west driveway approach. View looking northeast. (Photograph by Rob Tucher, September ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 30) Figure 10: View of the Roper-Beall-Martin House (far left), Garage (center left), Chicken House/Hatchery (center right), and Hatchery (right). View looking northwest. (Photograph by Rob Tucher, September ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 31) Figure 11: The Roper-Beall-Martin House, south (front) facade. View looking north. (Photograph by Rob Tucher, September ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 32) Figure 12: Leona S. Martin House, east (front) facade. View looking west.

(Photograph by Rob Tucher, September ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 33) Figure 13: Oblique view of the Garage, south (side) and east (rear) facades. View looking northwest. (Photograph by Rob Tucher, September ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 34) Figure 14: The Chicken House/Hatchery, south (front) facade. View looking south. (Photograph by Rob Tucher, September ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 35) Figure 15: The Hatchery, south (front) facade. View looking north. (Photograph by Rob Tucher, September ROPER-BEALL-MARTIN PROPERTY HABS No. GA-2444 (Page 36) Recommendation and Assessment of Eligibility 36 National Register Recommendation: The property is considered Eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.

National Register Criteria and Level of