Hyde House, 14541 Cumming Highway (State Route 20), Canton

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS GA-2446. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The Hyde House is located at Cumming Highway/State Route 20 in Cherokee County, Georgia. The resource sits on the northern side of the road at the intersection of SR 20 and McClure Drive. The Hyde House is located at latitude: longitude: This point represents the house. It was obtained on November 3, using Google Earth There is no restriction on its release to the public.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS GA-2446. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The Hyde House stands as a good representative example of the Ranch House type. It retains a high degree of material integrity and displays many character defining features often associated with its type. Its construction along the SR 20 corridor demonstrates the continued growth and development of the region during the mid-twentieth- century.1 Historian(s): Marvin Brown, M.A., Senior Architectural Historian, AECOM Sarah Potere, Architectural Historian, AECOM Report Completed November The Hyde House was evaluated for eligibility for listing in the National Register using the National Register Criteria for Evaluation as outlined in 36 CFR Part There are no known associations with individuals whose specific contributions to history can be identified and documented with this property.

No associations were indicated or suggested as a result of background research on the project area, or in any response to the Department s early consultation correspondence received from consulting parties, or an interview with the current owners or occupants of the property. Therefore, there was no basis for evaluating the property under Criterion B. Also, there are no indications that the property is likely to yield information on important research questions in history or prehistory. This property does not appear to have the potential to be the principal source of important information. Therefore, there was no basis for evaluating the property under Criterion D. They Hyde House was evaluated under Criterion A and does not appear to possess significance in the area of agriculture.

According to the property owner, the land associated with the property originally consisted of ten acres, all but 4.2 acres of which has since been sold. Historically, the farming operation undertaken on the property was limited to the processing of corn, but when the property owner s husband passed away, all farming operations ceased. While the property s history reflects the agricultural diversity taking place on Georgia farms after World War II, as documented in Tilling the Earth: Georgia s Historic Agricultural Heritage, the resource no longer retains the essential physical features necessary to convey its historic identity. The most notable absence is the lack of a clearly discernible agricultural landscape.

Along with more than half of the original land associated with the resource being sold over the years, what is left has been substantially modified by large, non-historic outbuildings on the property. These outbuildings are located in what is basically the resource s back yard as there are no associated agricultural fields. As a result, the resource s agricultural history in the context of corn processing is not clearly evident from the two sheds, silo, and yard space that remain on the property. Therefore, the Hyde House is considered not eligible for inclusion in the National Register under Criterion A. The Hyde House was also evaluated under Criterion C and appears to possess a local level of significance in the area of architecture as an intact example of a Linear Ranch house.

The resource retains many of the character-defining feature associated with the Ranch house, including a low rectangular form, variety of window sizes and types, contrasting exterior materials, and un-obscured front entry, prominent chimney, an integral carport, and an open quality to the landscape with 19 Edwards-Pitman, Historic Resources Survey Report, The report also includes a history, description, and photographs of the Property. HYDE HOUSE HABS No. GA-2446 (Page 13) foundation plantings and the front lawn clearly integrating the house to its site. All of its significant design elements are present and have not been obscured or modified by any non-historic additions or alterations.

Therefore, the Hyde House is considered eligible for inclusion in the National Register [under Criterion C]. Integrity: The Hyde House has been determined to possess integrity in the areas of location, design, materials, workmanship, and feeling. The resource is located on its original site of construction and as noted above, all of the character-defining design and material elements necessary to convey its architectural identity are still intact. Because the resource possesses all of its character defining features, it also retains integrity of feeling. However, the resource has been determined not to possess integrity in the areas of setting and association.

Its historic setting has been comprised by the three non-historic outbuildings located on the property, and the modifications to the historic landscape have diminished the resource s ability to adequately convey its previous agricultural associations.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS GA-2446. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The Georgia Department of Transportation is implementing plans to widen SR 20 from two to six lanes between Scott Road (near Canton) and North Corners Parkway (near Cumming). The project corridor spans approximately miles and falls within Cherokee and Forsyth Counties. As a result of this roadway expansion, all or part of the Hyde 1Edwards-Pitman, Inc., "Historic Resources Survey Report: GDOT Projects and Cherokee and Forsyth Counties (P.I. Nos. HP No. HP No. (Prepared for Georgia Department of Transportation, GDOT, copy on file at GDOT Office of Environmental Services, Atlanta, GA. The Determination of Eligibility (DOE) for the Hyde House, which is contained within the aforementioned document excerpt, is included in the Supplemental Materials. HYDE HOUSE HABS No.

GA-2446 (Page 2) House will be demolished. Mitigation efforts were explored and a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) was devised between the United States Army Corps of Engineers, the Georgia Department of Transportation, and the Georgia State Historic Preservation Officer. This Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) documentation (historical narrative report and large format photography) was prepared in accordance with the stipulations of the aforementioned MOA. Part I: Historical Information A. Physical History 1. Date of erection: Tax records list the Hyde House s date of construction as This date matches the year of the Hyde family s purchase of the property and is further supported by the Linear Ranch House form of the residence. 2. Architect: Not known. 3.

Original and subsequent owners, occupants, uses: Clarence H.

Hyde and his wife, Jeanette Howard Hyde purchased a 7.80-acre lot at the northwest corner of the junction of Canton Highway/SR 20 and McClure Road in from Virgil Echols.3 This parcel was cut out of a 30-acre parcel that Echols had acquired only six years earlier from Ida Byers.4 Both Clarence and Jeanette were raised on Forsyth County farms.5 The outbuildings on the property indicate that they continued to farm, at least chickens, although Clarence s obituary does not identify his occupation.6 Clarence took out a number of loans on this and other larger properties that he owned in Cherokee County.7 When he died in though, this property remained in his estate and was devised to Jeanette.8 When Jeanette died in the property passed to its current owner, the Hydes daughter, Judith Hyde Kearley.9 4.

Builder: Not known. 2 Cherokee County, GA, Real Estate Search for Cumming Highway. 3 Cherokee County Deed Book 37/Page 112 Cherokee County Plat Book 1/Page 191 4 Cherokee County Deed Book 21/Page 84 5 US Census Bureau and 6 Obituary of Clarence Hyde, Atlanta Constitution, April 2, accessed November Newspapers.com. 7 See, for example, Cherokee County Deed Book 205/Page 404 and Deed Book 233/Page 340 8 Cherokee County Deed Book 718/Page 19 9 Cherokee County Deed Book 14330/Page 67 HYDE HOUSE HABS No. GA-2446 (Page 3) 5. Original plans and construction: No original plans, descriptions, or construction information was identified for the Hyde House. 6. Alterations and additions: The Hyde House retains its original footprint, including its original open-air carport.

The only visible alteration from the house s exterior is a replacement door at the building s rear basement level. B. Historical Context The Hyde property is located on the Cherokee/Forsyth County line within the Ducktown community. In residents of Hall, Forsyth, Cherokee, Bartow, and Floyd counties, who lived along the route known as the Cherokee Trail, petitioned Georgia s state highway board to add the trail a predecessor of the Cumming Highway and SR 20 to the state highway system. The petition pointed out that this will make a cross-section road, running east and west, north of Atlanta and that there is now no such road north of Atlanta.

Within the next two decades, the road became part of the state system and passed through the two counties.10 In late the road indeed the principal east-west route through the center of Forsyth and Cherokee was scraped, leveled, and paved.11 By the SR 20 was a trailer truck route so busy that children basically could not walk to each other s homes. 12 The route became a prime location for chicken farming in both counties. Many chicken houses, almost all now vacant, continue to stand along the route.

The chicken industry was central to small farming in the two counties from the late until near the close of the century and still survives at large operations.13 Some farmers established massive operations along the route.14 Others, among them Clarence and Jeanette Hyde, operated on a much smaller scale. 10 Cherokee Trail Road Residents Petition to Join State System, Atlanta Constitution, November 24, accessed November 11 Cherokee County Heritage Book Committee, The Heritage of Cherokee County, Georgia, (Canton: Walsworth Publishing Company, 74. 12 Linda Ledbetter, Growing Up In Ducktown, 33, 85. 13 Annette Bramblett, on behalf of the Historical Society of Forsyth County, Inc., Forsyth County, Twentieth-Century Changes (Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, Annette Bramblett and George P.

Ingram, The First Era of Change and Development: Forsyth County, Georgia, (Virginia Beach: Donning Company Publishers, Karen Manous Smithwick, Poultry Pioneers in Cherokee County, Georgia (Cherokee: Cherokee County Historical Society, Rebecca Johnson, Cherokee County, Georgia, A History (Cherokee: Cherokee County Historical Society), Cherokee County Heritage Book Committee, The Heritage of Cherokee County, Georgia, 14 By the early Dean Ledbetter had built a cage farm on the route in Cherokee County that housed laying hens. See Ledbetter, Growing Up In Ducktown, 41. HYDE HOUSE HABS No. GA-2446 (Page 4) Part II. Architectural Information A. General Statement 1.

Architectural character: The Hyde House stands as the former seat of a small farming complex originally comprised of multiple mid-twentieth-century barns. At present, the house is accompanied on its lot by a historic pole barn, two historic sheds and a feed silo, all of which are situated to the north (rear) of the house. Two non-historic, late twentieth-century sheds also stand to the north of the house. The residence is a single-story Linear Ranch House that stands six-bays wide and two-piles deep. It is clad in brick veneer and topped by a multi-hipped, asphalt-shingled roof. The house rests on a continuous brick-clad foundation that is built into a slope, creating an exposed basement level at the building s rear.

Although the Hyde House is plain in its ornamentation, its linear massing emphasizes the horizontal planes typical of mid- century Ranch House design. The building is consistent with that of the many other modest Ranch Houses built along SR 20 between the towns of Canton and Cumming in Forsyth and Cherokee counties during the and 2. Condition of fabric: The Hyde House and its remaining outbuildings all stand in good condition. B. Description of Exterior 1. Overall dimensions: The Hyde House is one-story tall, six-bays wide, and two-piles deep. It is linear in plan. 2. Foundations: A continuous foundation clad in brick supports the house. Set into a slope, an exposed basement level is visible at the north (rear) and west (side) facades of the house. 3.

Walls: Brick veneer clads the building s exterior walls and is original to the building s construction. Linear, rusticated stone frames the windows on the building s south (front) facade, providing a decorative element. 4. Structural system, framing: The structural system of the Hyde House was not visible. However, given the building s period of construction and the observed thickness of its walls, the house is likely wood-frame construction. 5. Porches, stoops, balconies, porticoes, bulkheads: A simple, partially recessed entryway is found at the house s primary entrance on the front (south) facade. This covered stoop, placed toward the house s western end, is created and sheltered by the building s deep, overhanging eaves.

The building s easternmost bay is composed of a single-bay carport. The carport is open HYDE HOUSE HABS No. GA-2446 (Page 5) on its northern, southern, and eastern facades and is topped by the same hipped roof that shelters the rest of the house. It is supported at its northeastern and southeastern corners by scrolled metal posts. A metal rail with metal pickets spans both the northern and part of the eastern side of the carport. 6. Chimneys: The house features a single brick chimney. The large brick appendage is rectangular in shape and its bottom half is affixed to the building s exterior eastern end. The top of the chimney projects through the building s deep, overhanging eaves. 7. Openings a. Doorways and doors: The residence has five exterior doors.

Its primary entrance occupies the south (front) facade s second bay and is sheltered by the building s overhanging eaves. The opening appears to hold an original wood slab door with a circular window centered at its top. Two doors are symmetrically placed on the building s eastern facade and rest beneath the carport. Both wood slab doors are original and feature a geometric arrangement of small, rectangular windows at their tops. The northernmost door rests on an elevated concrete slab stoop, which spans the width of the carport. The building s remaining two doorways are found to the building s rear (north facade) at its basement level.

Occupying the second bay of the building s basement level is a fiberglass replacement door featuring nine divided lights above with two rectangular panels below. The doorway found on this facade, occupying its fifth bay at the basement level, holds a single-bay, wooden, roller-track garage door. The door, which appears to be original, is divided into two columns, each containing recessed wooden panels, excepting the second panels of each column which are instead rectangular windows. b. Windows and shutters: The residence s six-bay south (front) facade features four bays of original windows. They are two-over-two, double-hung, wood-sash windows comprised of long, horizontally laid lights. The bay directly west of the carport holds a single unit of this type.

To its direct west are two sets of paired units, the first being shorter in height and the second being the same height. The facade s westernmost bay holds a large picture window divided into four rectangular lights by horizontal muntins. The picture window is flanked on both sides by two-over-two, double-hung wood-sash windows. A single two-over-two, double-hung wood-sash window is centrally placed between the two carport doors on the building s eastern facade. The building s western facade also features a single window opening which is placed at its southeast corner and holds a window of the same type. Four windows are found at the first level of the residence s north (rear) facade. All are original and are the same type as those found on the other building s other facades.

A single unit of this typical type is found at either end HYDE HOUSE HABS No. GA-2446 (Page 6) of the facade, with a paired set placed toward its middle. To the east of the paired set is a smaller window of the typical type, suggesting an interior bathroom space. Three windows are found at the rear facade. A fixed six-light window with squat, rectangular lights is found near the facade s western corner, to the direct west of the facade s door. A second, larger, window of this same type is found to the direct east of the door and displays nine fixed, divided lights. A small, fixed single-light window is found to the east of this larger window and to the west of the garage door. 8. Roof a. Shape, covering: The Hyde House is topped with a multi-hipped roof clad in asphalt shingles.15 b.

Cornice, eaves: The house features boxed eaves with gutters and a vinyl soffit. Its deep, overhanging eaves are unornamented. C. Description of Interior Interior access to the Hyde House was not made accessible. D. Site 1. Historic landscape design: During the mid-twentieth-century the Hyde House stood as the farm seat of a small agricultural operation. Shortly after the house s construction in a number of chicken houses were also built. By the farm landscape included at least four large barns/chicken houses and five sheds.16 According to a interview with former homeowner Jeannette Hyde, the agricultural property originally encompassed 10 acres of land. Following the death of her husband in farm operations ceased, and a portion of the land was subsequently sold.

By demolition of the farm buildings had begun, with all of the house s associated barns being demolished by with the exception of the pole barn machine shed, and shed and feed silo that remain standing today.17 As a result, the resource no longer manifests as a mid-twentieth-century farm property, but rather as a single-family residence. 15 Patrick Sullivan, Mary Beth Reed, and Tracey Fedor, The Ranch House in Georgia: Guidelines for Evaluation (Stone Mountain, GA: New South Associates, 43, guidelines. 16 Historic Aerials, aerial (image), aerial image search of Cumming Highway, Netronline, accessed November 17 Historic Aerials, aerials (images), aerials image search of Cumming Highway, Netroline, accessed November HYDE HOUSE HABS No. GA-2446 (Page 7) 2.

Outbuildings Pole Barn: The Pole Barn stands approximately 180 -0 to the northwest of the Hyde House and was constructed between and according to historic aerial imagery.18 The barn is five-bays wide, one-pile deep and completely open on all sides. It is supported by wooden posts with diagonal downbraces at their tops. The barn displays an open truss roof-framing system and is topped by a side-gable roof clad in standing- seam metal. Shed and Feed Silo: The Shed and Feed Silo sit approximately 180 -0 to the north of the Hyde House and approximately 60 -0 to the east of the Machine Shed. The Shed is comprised of an original two-story, front-gabled, frame block and a smaller front-gabled rear block. The original section rests on a brick pier foundation and is clad with standing seam metal.

Its roof is capped with metal sheathing and features exposed rafter tails. A doorway is placed off center on the block s southern facade. It holds a pair of replacement paneled wood doors. The smaller block, which extends north from the original block s northern (rear elevation) rests on a continuous brick foundation. It displays the same roof and wall cladding as the original/main block. A large, cylindrical, feed storage silo is affixed to the northeastern side of the small shed. Its design is typical of those utilized on poultry farms during the mid-twentieth-century. A faded emblem for Pillsbury Feed is partly visible on the silo s northern side.

The silo is supported by four metal posts and a long metal pipe extends approximately 20 -0 from the west side of the silo and terminates at a hole in the ground that has been capped with concrete. Machine Shed: The Machine Shed stands approximately 250 -0 to the northwest of the Hyde House and 120 -0 to the north of the Pole Barn. The frame building is oriented to the south and topped with a saltbox roof clad in standing seam metal. The shed stands six-bays wide and is open at its south (front) facade revealing large wooden support posts. Its north, west, and east facades are clad with standing seam metal. The shed s westernmost bay is fronted by horizontal wooden rails. A single doorway is centered on the shed s eastern elevation but no longer contains a door.

18 Historic Aerials, and aerials (images), aerials image search of Cumming Highway, Netroline, accessed November HYDE HOUSE HABS No. GA-2446 (Page 8) Part III. Sources of Information A. Selected Sources Atlanta Constitution. Cherokee Trail Road Residents Petition to Join State System. November 24, Accessed November . Clarence Hyde obituary. April 2, Accessed November . Floods, Winds Plague Georgia. April 3, Accessed November a&match=1. Bramblett, Annette. Forsyth County, Twentieth-Century Changes. Historical Society of Forsyth County, Inc. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, Bramblett, Annette, with George P. Ingram. The First Era of Change and Development: Forsyth County, Georgia, Virginia Beach: Donning Company Publishers, Cherokee County Clerk of Court Office, Canton.

Deed Book 21, Page 85, Deed Book 37, Page Deed Book Page Deed Book Page Deed Book Page 19, Deed Book Page 67, Deed Book Page 68, Cherokee County Heritage Book Committee. The Heritage of Cherokee County, Georgia Cumming: Walsworth Publishing Company, Edwards-Pitman Environmental, Inc., Historic Resources Survey Report: GDOT Projects and Cherokee and Forsyth Counties (P.I. Nos. HYDE HOUSE HABS No. GA-2446 (Page 9) HP No. Prepared for Georgia Department of Transportation, copy on file at GDOT Office of Environmental Services, Atlanta, Findagrave.com. Clarence Hyde. Electronic Database. Accessed October at . Jeanette Hyde. Electronic Database. Accessed October at Johnson, Rebecca. Cherokee County, Georgia, A History. Cherokee County Historical Society, Ledbetter, Linda. Growing Up In Ducktown.

Self-published, no date. Netronline. Historic Aerials: Cherokee County. Electronic resource accessed November at Smithwick, Karen Manous. Poultry Pioneers in Cherokee County, Georgia. Cherokee County Historical Society, Sullivan, Patrick, Mary Beth Reed and Tracey Fedor. The Ranch House in Georgia: Guidelines for Evaluation. Stone Mountain, GA: New South Associates, docs/ranch_house_guidelines. HYDE HOUSE HABS No. GA-2446 (Page 10) Part IV. Supplemental Material Figure 1: Hyde House Location Map. HYDE HOUSE HABS No. GA-2446 (Page 11) Figure 2: Hyde House Site Map. HYDE HOUSE HABS No. GA-2446 (Page 12) Recommendation and Assessment of Eligibility19 National Register Recommendation: The property is considered Eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.

National Register Criteria and Level of