Champaign County, Ohio - The whole text, 1881 (part 11 of 32)

John H. James, David Gwynne and William M. Murdoch. Mr. Milo G. Williams was elected Secretary. A resolution was passed looking to the purchasing of a building lot. The incorporators were Milo G. Williams, James P. Stuart, William M. Murdoch, David Gwynne, John H. James, Edward U. Blake, Thomas M. Gwynne and John Murdoch. Mr. Amos A. Richards had. also brought his family to reside here, from Dayton. These families constituting theNew Church community, were in the habit of meeting from house to house on Sunday evenings, and holding a simple service of divine worship, consisting of a chapter from the Word, a passage of Scripture chanted, the Lord's Prayer repeated, and a sermon selected from some New Church writer. In 1852, the number was increased by the families of Dr. Hamilton Ring and Dr. Joseph Howells. In 1855, a lot was purchased by the society on the corner of what are now South Main and Reynolds streets, and a plain structure of wood, 30x50 feet, known as the New Church Hall, was erected thereon, and was first opened for service on January 5, 1856, the Rev. James P. Stuart conducting the worship, and Mr. Willard G. Day, a student in Urbana University, delivering a lecture on the u History and Character of the Word."

On May 14, 1856, the Rev. James P. Stuart was duly elected Pastor of the society, which office he held for two years, resigning in 1858. From that time, the society has elected no Pastor, but has co-operated with the Urbana University in the support of public worship and preaching for the united benefit of the college and the society, the Professors of the college frequently being ministers of the church or students for the ministry, and officiating in the pulpit as part of their regular duty. The worship was conducted by Mr. John C. Ager in 1859. Rev. J. C. Eaton officiated regularly for this society and the New Church society in Bellefontaine in the year 1860 ; Mr. George Nelson Smith was leader in 1861, Mr. Charles Hardon and the Rev. A. J. Bartels in 1862 and 1863. In 1864, Mr. Charles Hardon was ordained, and entered into an engagement as minister of the society for the years 1864 and 1865. The Rev. J. M. Miller made monthly visits to the church in 1866, and the Rev. E. A. Beaman in 1867. The Rev. George Nelson Smith, having been ordained into the ministry, served the society and college as minister in the years 1868 and 1869. Mr. Milo G. Williams frequently officiated as leader in worship in the absence of a minister, and for many years served as Superintendent of the Sunday school of the society. In the year 1870, the Rev. Frank Sewall, having been elected by the Board of Trustees President of the university, removed with his family to Urbana, and assumed the pastoral charge of the college and congregation, the society stipulating to contribute a stated sum toward the current expenses of the college. The Rev. Mr. Sewall still remains in this charge.

The total number of names enrolled on the list of members up to the present writing (1880) is 140. The present number of resident communicant members is about forty, and the general attendance at divine worship is from eighty to one hundred. There have been in all, since the foundation of the society, one hundred and twenty-seven persons baptized, infants and adults, of which number fifty-six have been baptized by the present minister, the Rev. Frank Sewall.

In the year 18T9, the society voted to give into possession of the Trustees of Urbana University its house of worship, to be removed to the rear of the church lot and converted into a building for a school for girls and primary school, to be under the direction of the Trustees of the university, at the same time giving to the university a perpetual lease of the rear part of the lot required for the purposes of the school. This was done in consideration of a sum being raised sufficient to warrant the beginning of a new house of worship to be erected on the site of the former one. The required sum being raised, in the spring of 1880 the society released its former building, which was thereupon removed and converted into the school building, as above described, and, on July 1, the work of cutting and laying the stone of the new church edifice was commenced. The corner-stone of the church was solemnly laid with prayer and benediction, and a declaration of the faith of the New Church, the Rev. Frank Sewall officiating, on the 30th of July, 1880. The church is constructed entirely of Springfield limestone, from the quarry of Mr. A. Holcomb, the architect of the building being the Rev. Frank Sewall ; the master builder, Mr. Thomas Allison, and the master mason, Mr. Laury. The new school building, being completed for the uses of the girls' and primary school of Urbana University, was formally opened and dedicated with religious services by the Rev. Frank Sewall on Sunday, September 12, 1880.

I. That God is one in essence and in person ; that, from love toward men, he assumed humanity, and glorified it ; and that He thus became God with us, the Saviour and Redeemer, Jesus Christ-

II. That the Word is divine truth proceeding from the Lord ; that it is adapted to all the states of angels and of men, and that thus it is the divine medium by which men and angels are conjoined with the Lord.

III. That the Lord alone is the source of genuine life, the precepts of which are the Ten Commandments ; that these precepts are to be obeyed by man as of himself, with the acknowledgment that the power and the will to do so are of the Lord alone, and thus that men are regenerated and saved by the Lord by means of a life according to His precepts.

St. Paul's African Methodist Episcopal Church. - This church was organized about the years 1824 or 1825, by Rev. Moses Freeman, a missionary of the Philadelphia Annual Conference. When on a missionary tour in the West, finding a few colored persons living in Urbana, some of whom had been members of the church, he made known the object of his mission. He was gladly welcomed, and preached his first sermon in the house of Fanny Carter. After the services, he organized the first African Methodist Episcopal Church in Urbana, with Frank and Rachel Reno, Lewis and Susan Adams, John and Re- becca Gamon, Elijah Brown and Fanny Carter. Elijah Brown was appointed Class-leader and local preacher until a preacher could be sent. The congregation, like all the pioneer churches, met from house to house until able to build a house of worship of their own. The first building was of logs, afterward weather-boarded, which was removed, in 1844, to make room for a brick house. They had then increased in numbers and influence. " The people had a mind to work." Many members of the church worked in the brick-yard to assist in the cause. Robert Reno molded the brick, Jeremiah Dempsy wheeled the clay to make them. This house was soon found to be too small, and, in 1866, under the administration of Rev. J. W. Steward, was torn down and the foundations laid for the present " Saint Paul's." The work was finished under the pastorate of David Smith, who followed Mr. Steward. June 1, 1876, Benjamin W. Arnett was appointed to the charge. Under him the church was finished, and was dedicated in the following September by Bishop Wayman, of Baltimore, assisted by J. A. P. McGaw, of the Presbyterian, George G. Harriman, of the Baptist, and H, H. Thompson, of the United Presbyterian Churches of the pity.

The colored residents of the city and members of the church have good reason to be proud of their new St. Paul's. It is comfortable and convenient, and presents a fine appearance, with the appointments of rich and well-to-do societies. When the sittings become insufficient to meet the wants of the colored population worshiping in St. Paul's, instead of tearing down and building larger, they will be more apt to follow the example of Grace Church, and, on withdrawing from the parent hive, erect for themselves a u new St. Peter's."

" This church has been fortunate in receiving the ministrations of a number of able men. Among these may be named Jerry Thompson. Mr. Thompson was among the first in order of time, and inferior to none of his successors in natural ability. He was illiterate, but possessed a vivid imagination, and pictured to the fears of his hearers the wailings of the damned in the bottomless pit, and portrayed in as strong contrast, to the delight of the saints, the blaze of glory in the celestial city.

" His strength as a preacher was in his quaint, vivid and original descriptions, uttered with the impressiveness of conviction, and philippics against the sins of the times, too personal to be misapplied. With equal facility, he drew his hearers from the groan to the shout. To him hell was a material place, bubbling and hissing with molten fire and brimstone - where the worm died not and the fire was never quenched; and when he got on his 4 high horse,' it was said he would 4 dip up hell with a ladle,' and, having wrought up his congregation to a high pitch of excitement, would close with a powerful appeal to 'flee from the wrath to come.' It need hardly be said revivals were common in that church.

" The music, too, was usually of that emotional character that strongly impressed the audience. Improvisation was not unusual, after the manner of some of the Southern churches, where books are not used - a practice not infrequently in use on the old plantations, at their social gatherings, and on the Mississippi River steamboats, by the deck hands. A leader - sometimes a selfconstituted chorister - would sing a line or stanza, bearing upon the salient points of the sermon, with words and music of his own composing, when the congregation would join in the chorus, not always appropriate, but suited to arouse the religious fervor of the assembly. Then, if the sermon had presented the fears and hopes of the Christian, a thought or sentence of the u Many of the voices were rich and strong, the music abounding in quavers and slurs, but moving in perfect time and harmony, while the deep-toned voice of old John Gamrel, like the tones of a trombone, filled the house. While the singing was progressing, the preacher, at intervals, would improve the opportunity by a word of exhortation The pent-up feelings of the assembly were unloosed. 4 Bless the Lord ! ' 4 Amen ! ' 4 Hallelujah ! ' 4 Glory ! ' and other exclamations of similar import, were heard from various parts of the house. Sobs and groans mingled with shouts of triumph. Here might be seen one clapping her hands ; near by, another, keeping time with his foot and swaying his body to and fro, and another, too full for restraint, would give play to his excited feelings in shoutings of delight, or one of the females, overcome by the nervous strain, would fall in a swoon, the crowd surrounding her in a circle, and a female friend kneeling at her side. High above all the demonstrations of religious fervor, the voice of the preacher might be heard in his impassioned exhortation, alarming the impenitent and encouraging the faithful, when, the song having ceased, the minister quieted the noisy worshipers into something like order with a few more words of exhortation, and the 'apostolic benediction r dismissed the meeting."

St. Paul's of 1880 is not the little log or frame church of 1840, though sometimes still the demonstrative spirit of the pioneer Methodist asserts itself, and the music has lost none of its wonted force, and we doubt not the influence of this church has been an efficient means to make the colored people of the city, who are numbered among its worshipers, peaceful, quiet and active citizens.

Second Baptist Church. - This church was organized in March, 1846, in a log cabin bought of J. H. Patrick by Washington Cheevers, and the members composing the first society were Elizabeth Cheevers, Elizabeth Farrow, Mary Ann Morse, John Clark, Bryant Clark and Lucy Clark. Mary Ann Morse is the only surviving member of this number. The Elders, in succession, were Rev. P. Young, L. B. Moss, Richard Meredith, Henry Reckhold, G. W. Curry, L. B. Moss. L. B. Moss has served the church for twenty-five years. The church has had a large membership since its organization, and occupies for its place of worship the brick building on the corner of Buckeye and Hill streets.

The St. Marys Catholic Church. - The Roman Catholic Church of the city was organized by Rev. Augustus Groghan, in 1853. He continued with the church until his death, in 1859. His successor was Rev. James Francis Kearney, August 1, 1859. During the administration of Father Kearney, the church was enlarged twice ; the first time, in 1867, the addition cost $14,010.64, and the second enlargement, in 1873, cost $6,263.58. He not only did a good work for his congregation, but was universally esteemed by all who knew him for his tolerant opinions and social character. He died in 1877, and was succeeded by Rev. M. W. Walsh. Under the administration of the latter, the brick building near Boyce, on North Main street, formerly erected for a seminary under the auspices of the Associate Reformed or United Presbyterian Church, was purchased and converted into a nunnery and parochial school. He died in 1878, and was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Donahue.

Rev. J. A. Henry, for several years, has been Assistant Pastor. The church is flourishing, with a large membership and a number of social organizations, or societies, for the promotion of temperance, social intercourse and general knowledge.

The Temperance Crusade

In February of 1874, the ladies of Xenia, in Greene County, as a means to close the drinking saloons of that city, and thereby stop a prolific source of crime, want, suffering and degradation, agreed to go in a body to the several shops where intoxicating liquors were sold as a drink or beverage, and appeal to the men engaged in the traffic to abandon a business which their own moral sense condemned, and which was in hostility to the best interests, of humanity and the country. As might have been expected, and probably by many was anticipated, the owners of the "Little Gem," "The Saloon," and kindred shops with fancy names and a suspicious record, turned a deaf ear to their entreaties and expostulations. A few were ready to argue the question ; they were engaged in a legitimate business ; the manufacture and distillation of highwines had already tied up a large capital and afforded an immense revenue ; that the destruction or crippling of this industry would re-act on the body of the country in destroying a market for leading farm products of the State ; that the manufacture of alcohol was essential to the prosperity of the mechanic arts; and that they did not solicit the patronage of their husbands, brothers and sons, and withal kept an orderly house. A few received them graciously, and were not to be outdone in politeness ; some were surly and closed their doors ; and a few were belligerent, and probably would have resorted to threats and violence, but there was a physical power back of the "crusade" which plainly indicated that acts of personal injury could not be attempted with impunity. Hundreds who doubted the wisdom of the effort sympathized in the work, and would have protected the ladies from injury. But they were in earnest. Many of them had every reason to hate the infernal traffic with a deadly and unending hatred. On the failure of the request, the next and natural movement was to appeal to Heaven in their behalf. Where permitted, the ladies would enter the saloon, and, no objection being made, one of the number would read a portion of the Scriptures, another lead in prayer, and all join in singing a hymn. If admittance were refused, they assembled on the curbstone and around the door, leaving ample space for passers-by and for going into or from the shop, and there continued their devotions. Having ended at one place, the body of earnest and devout women moved quietly and in order to another saloon, and there repeated the same. It was indeed a pitiable sight. In snow-storm, rain and biting winds, these bands of faithful women took up what one may readily conceive to have been a hard and painful burden, and, day after day, pursued their thankless errand of love. At the first, the crowd, when the singing and praying band had taken their places on and about the curbstone, gathered around them, filling up the street, some from curiosity, and others as a protection. Hats were raised and many an eye dimmed, as the blended voices rose in harmony or the impassioned prayer was uttered.

Several of the dealers engaged in the sale of intoxicating drinks agreed to close their houses, and go out of the business altogether, but the majority closed their doors for the time, with the supposition that it would be only a temporary excitement, bringing a richer harvest when it was over.

The story of the " crusaders," as they were called, in their work at Xenia, spread over the State, and almost every important town followed their example.

adding to the example a more systematic work. An organization was effected in Urbana March 9, 1874, and shortly afterward similar societies in the other principal towns of the county. In this work, ladies of all the churches of the city took an active part. Two hundred and twenty-five agreed and pledged themselves "to perform, cheerfully, whatever work pertaining to the cause presented," and were called " recruits for the crusade." The recruits were formed into bands of fifteen each. A permanent picket corps was also established, a small number of which were assigned to guard each saloon, the guard being relieved at stated intervals. Sentinel duty to begin at 6 o'clock A. M. and close at 9 P. M.

An advisory committee was also appointed, composed of the clergymen of the city, together with a number of laymen. The first street-work was begun March 12, 1876, when, in accordance with the previously arranged plan, a band filed from the lecture-room of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, and made their first attack on the " Little Gem " saloon, on North Main street, and nearly opposite the court house. When the reading,' singing and prayers were ended, the band, sometimes singing as they went, but more frequently in solemn and impressive silence, moved on their line of march to the nearest point of the common enemy ; and, at the same time, the band next in order filed out of the same room, and along the same beaten track, to follow up successfully any impressions that had been made. The sentinels faithfully stood at their posts of observation until relieved. Thus, day after day, for many weeks, without intermission, the work went on. To all appearances the saloons were dead - - the blinds were down, the doors closed, and the few who entered found access through the back door - and he was considered a bold man, or insensible to shame, who, in mere bravado or for a drink of whisky, would pass the line of pickets. After weeks of zealous, courageous and persistent work, the pickets and recruits were called in, and, having elected a new board of officers, were dismissed from further duty, subject to call, whenever the emergency for a renewed effort shall be manifest.

The Temperance League is now known as the Women's Temperance Union, and meetings for prayer, consultation and work are still regularly held. The tactics are being changed, but the resolve to triumph is invincible. No efforts are spared to foster a public sentiment which, in the end, by its extent and character, shall declare the use of intoxicating drinks immoral, and their sale a -crime. Without this public sentiment pervading the community, no amount of zeal and no prdhibitory law will avail aught, for public opinion is the sanction to all law.

The Fire Department

In no feature of the city interests have greater changes taken place, or more marked progress shown, than in the methods of extinguishing fires. This, after the manner of all towns and villages, in the earlier settlement of Urbana, was by means of voluntary labor. A common danger gave a common interest. On the cry of fire, the person nearest the court house, or, if in the night, the person giving the alarm, hurried to the court house, calling fire ! fire 1 as he ran, and rattling on some of the doors along the street. The ringing of the bell aroused the sleepers generally, who rushed into the street, sometimes dressing as they ran, carrying an empty bucket, and shouting fire ! In a cold, stormy night, no cry is more appalling than that of fire ! beneath one's wdndow, accompanied by the noise of men's feet clattering on the pavement. When the burn- ing house was reached, by common consent, two lines were formed to the nearest well or pump, and the filled buckets passed along one line to persons who had courage to stand on or in the building, while the empty buckets were returned by the other line to the well. Relays stood at the pump, and persons at the house were relieved from time to time. When the well was at a distance and hands scarce a single line was formed, which did double duty in passing the buckets, nr several lines formed to the various water supplies in the locality. Not only the men worked with a will, but the women turned out generally in force and rendered efficient service. Two things aided materially in the avoidance of many and serious fires. The number of houses was small and these were detached, and the consciousness of danger made people careful of fire. We are also surprised at the success with which fires were extinguished, and at the want of pre-organized effort on the part of the town to be ready for active work when the alarm should be given.

In 1833, the town felt large enough to maintain a fire company. About the same time, a volunteer company was formed to " run the machine," under the name of the "Champaign Fire Company." The engine was called the " Champaign." No record being found, the names of officers are not ascertained, but Judge Patrick and William Rianhard were active members and among its first officers. The company was insufficient for the labor necessary to work the engine, and relays were made by calls on the bystanders to lend a helping hand. The engine and company were a step in the right direction, but they too plainly did away with the zeal and effort so conspicuous under the lineand-bucket system.

In the winter of 1854-55, a company was organized with the following officers : James V. Guthrie, President; T. G. Keller, Secretary; and John T. Zombro, Treasurer. This company was organized under the name of the " Molunkee " Fire Company. In 1857, the third company was organized and called "Young America," and in 1865 there was added to the Fire Department a hook and ladder company, called "Hercules," organized with J. D. Gugenham, Foreman; Samuel Warnock, Secretary; and G. F. Pence, Treasurer. Both of the latter named companies are in operation at this time. The Young America company have now about eighty active members. Their officers at present are: B. F. Conklin, President; S. F. Wherritt, Vice President; William Helmick, Foreman; Eugene Dwieior and II. B. Fisher, Foremen Hose Division ; F. M. Ambrose, Treasurer ; J. C. Edmonson, Secretary ; H. H. Williams, George B. Hunter and W. W. Lewis, Trustees. They have an engine house on North Main street, opposite the First Methodist Episcopal Church. The Hercules Company is now in the hands of the colored men ; their building is in the rear of the city hall building.

A steam fire-engine was purchased in 1866, and wTas for several years operated by volunteers, who became tired, and horses were purchased and some paid men employed, viz., engineer, driver and fireman " Molunkee " was the name given the steamer, after an Indian killed on King's Creek, as "tradition" has it. In 1873, a paid fire department was organized. The steamer has not been in use since the building of the Holly Water Works. There are now seventy-three hydrants in the corporation, and the fire department consists mainly of hose reels. There are two engine-houses other than those of the Young America and Hercules companies referred to above, namely, one in the First Ward, situated in the city hall building, and the other in the Third Ward, situated on Russell street, near Gwynne street. In the former is kept the steamer and one hose reel, and in the latter one hose reel, each a one-horsereel. Ten men are employed, five at each house, one driver and four hosemen to each reel. One of the number sleeps at each house. They have now about two thousand five hundred feet of serviceable hose. The cisterns are kept full, and the engine in reserve. Aaron Wiley is chief of the fire department ; S. J. Dixon, driver of hose reel, and D. H. Brown, E. A. Hill, J. H. Pratt and Jack Cavenaugh, hosemen in the First Ward, and in the Second Ward, William McAnnally, driver, Thomas Berry, Mat Whalon, Walter Groves and James McAnnally, hosemen. The other companies are volunteer.

Urbana Water Works

The subject of water works was brought prominently before the citizens early in 1877, and the matter finally took shape by the organization and incorporation of the Urbana Water Works Company April 7, 1877, with a capital stock of $100,000, by Messrs. Matt Weaver, R. R. Colwell, James Taylor, John H. P. Stone, Henry Fox, Dr. J. H. Ayers, F. Houston, C. H. Ganson and G. M. Eichelberger.

On Monday, May 21, 1877, the City Council concluded a contract with H. P. Clough and T. J. McGowan, as H. P. Clough & Co., wherein the city agreed to furnish the right of way for ten years and protect the same by ordinance, and to pay annually the sum of $6,000, one-half payable April 1, and the second payment October 1, beginning in 1878, for sixty hydrants, and $75 per annum for each hydrant above the number of sixty, and other provisions. Clough & Co. were to build a power house and well, and furnish tho necessary machinery, etc. The work to be commenced in May, 1877, and completed by November 1, 1878, and to sell the works to the city at any time for the sum of $75,000.

A special election was ordered by the Council for a vote of the citizens to confirm or reject the proposed enterprise, to be held Monday, June 25, 1877. The vote stood - yeas, 822 ; nays, 35 ; total vote, 857. At a meeting of the City Council, held Monday evening, July 2, 1877, the plans and specifications agreed upon ; but, on July 31, 1877, a new contract was entered into for the reason that the laws of the State (Burns law) forbid a municipal corporation to enter into binding contracts for a period of ten years. The new contract provided for the erection of a power house, to be supplied by triplicate machinery, to furnish 1,500,000 gallons of water in twenty-four hours ; seven miles of pipe ; sixty hydrants at $100 each per annum, and such additional hydrants as the city should require, at $75 each per annum ; one hydrant at the U. S. Rolling Stock Company's yards and the public buildings to be supplied free ; the cost to private individuals not to exceed that charged in Cincinnati in 1876, and a provision that the city might at any time purchase the works for $85,000, or for such sum as might be agreed upon by arbitrators.

The work of laying pipes and mains was commenced August 14, 1877, but had not proceeded far before operations were brought to a sudden stop by theinsolvency of the McGowan Pump Company, of Middletown, Ohio, and they were forced to abandon the contract. We quote from the Citizen and Gazette newspaper :

" Under this state of affairs the prospects were slim indeed. But just then there arrived on the ground Mr. T. T. Flagler, President of the Holly Manu- facturing Company, of Lockport, N. Y., who stepped into the place of Mr. McGowan. There immediately followed a re-organization of the Urbana Water Works, with T. T. Flagler, President ; J. H. Ayers, Vice President ; H. P. Clough, Secretary ; L. C. Hovey, Treasurer ; Messrs. Flagler, Clough, Ayers, James Taylor and Joel Read, Directors ; E. G. Wiley and Joel Read, Trustees."

A contract, supplementary to the first, with the City Council, which provided for the substitution of the Holly machinery for that of McGowan. Under this new arrangement, work was resumed, and went forward rapidly, and the time for the completion of the works extended to January 21, 1878. They were done at the time agreed. The power buildings, well and reservoir ~ are located in the southwest of the city, within the corporate limits, and are all as complete, substantial and handsome as could be desired.

A final test of the works was made under the direction of the city authorities, January 29, 1878, and, at the next meeting of the council, the works were formally accepted on behalf of the city, and plans entered into for a grand Water Works opening and jubilee on the 22d of February following. With their usual vim and hearty good will, the citizens prepared for the occasion. The officials and prominent citizens of neighboring towns and cities were invited and every preparation made for a thorough test of the works, and a day of rejoicing that should exceed anything ever before held in the city. When the day arrived, many of the invited guests came, and the city put on its holiday attire. A street parade began at 1 o'clock P. M., in the midst of a lively shower, and was composed of military and fire companies, bands of music, civic societies, officials, etc., and paraded the principal streets. This was followed by a display of the powers of the water works that elicited the greatest praise and admiration of all. An evening entertainment was held in the city hall. J. H. Young opened with an excellent speech, and was followed by George W. Wilson, Senator of this District; Thomas A. Cowgill, D. W. Todd, W. R. Warnock, G. Ellis, J. F. Gowey, 0. E. Lewis, President of City Council, and S. D. Clayton. Excellent music by the bands, and a select choir of singers were interspersed. Thus closed the rejoicing of Urbana's citizens over one of their best improvements and most useful and permanent enterprises.

The Old Stage Company

Among the earliest enterprises in which the citizens of Urbana took stock, was what is called, at this day, the " Old Urbana Stage Company," organized about the year 1833. Urbana was practically " in the woods," and connected with the outside world with indifferent mail facilities. It was proposed to organize a stage company or daily line of coaches, for the transportation of mail and passengers from Cincinnati to Sandusky, and a very considerable number of the citizens of the town took stock in the venture. For a time, all went swimmingly. Substantial and elegant coaches, each drawn by four superb horses at least, gave an air of business and prosperity. The driver cracked his whip and blew his horn with all the importance of the old time " king of the footboard."

In an unlucky moment, it was concluded to extend the line from Springfield to Wheeling. The same reckless spirit of management attended this branch as had been made part of the other, and in the enterprise the company became competitors of an old, well established and skilled company, known as Neil, Moore & Co. Competition was strong, business good, management bad, expenses enormous, and, in a short time, the bottom dollar on the subscriptionroll had been reached, with a big debt accumulating. It was a day when the limited-liability clause was not inserted in contracts and partnerships ; and when the company collapsed, and the stockholders found themselves individually responsible, to the extent of their means, for the entire indebtedness, property suddenly and mysteriously changed hands. Long and troublesome lawsuits followed. Many, who had not learned the tricks of worldly wisdom, paid the penalty of their simplicity; and some, who thought themselves pretty " well-to-do " in the world, still found it necessary to peg away at the last or hammer on the anvil.

The mischief resulting from the failure of the stage company was undoubtedly long continued. The direct pecuniary losses might be repaired, but the failure and its consequences aroused a spirit of suspicion, broke down a confidence in worthy enterprises, and is still made to give point to the adage, " Look before you leap."

Ohio Mutual Relief Association

This organization was the result of an accidental meeting of a number of the citizens in Urbana, in the fall of 1872. The question of life assurance happened in the course of common conversation. During the hour, the expense of the ordinary modes of life insurance, and the uncertainty of the issue in schemes of speculation to which large accumulations of money are invited, and into which the strongest and best-managed life companies are drawn, were canvassed with careful scrutiny. The statistics and published tables of the leading insurance companies gave sufficient data on which to form conclusions. The actual cost of insurance for a series of years, weighed by the estimated risks, as shown by the bills of mortality, plainly showed that the insured who lived long were heavily taxed, and it was proposed that a new plan of relief be presented to the public.

Other meetings were held ; plans and suggestions considered, which resulted in the following general features : First, the membership to be divided into two general divisions, of which the first contain those who should obligate to pay each $1 into the treasury, for the use and benefit of the representatives of a deceased member of the division ; and second, those who should pay $5 each | for the same purpose and class. J

These divisions were further subdivided into three classes, entitled A, B and C, the acceptance of a member into a class being determined by the age of ' the applicant.

Every member has the assurance that, in the event of his death, his family or legal representative if he were a member of the first class, will receive from the association the multiple of $1 by the number of members in the first class, and of $5 for the number of members in the second class.

Terms of membership were : In the first division, the payment of $3 admittance fee ; $2 annual dues, and $2 into the relief fund. In the second division, the amount required was fixed at $25, in advance, to be divided among the several funds of the association, in the same ratio.

In the payment of current expenses in the first division, each member pays $2 annually, and, in addition to the sum taxable on the death of a member, an additional assessment of 25 cents. In the second division, the annual i dues are $10 per year, and 50 cents additional assessment on the death of a i member.

In May, 1877, the "grangers" of the county organized, under what is called the "Granger law," under the above title, to insure against loss of farm property by fire and lightning. The form of policy issued was substantially the same as other fire insurance companies, but limited to farm property, excluding churches, schoolhouses and Grange halls ; confined exclusively to Champaign County, but admitting all farmers, whether members of the Grange or not ; policies to continue five years ; cost of membership, $2 ; liability, a pro rata assessment on all policies for payment of losses.

The incorporators were Simeon Taylor, John Richardson, E. J. Garrett, John W. Ogden, Isaac Bull, Darius Taylor, P. L. Stickley, Lemuel Hoak, L. D. Johnson, John M. Niles. Simeon Taylor was elected President ; J. W. Ogden, Secretary; and William Thomas, T. B. Price and E. J. Garrett, Directors.

As this "institution" is not covered by a patent-right, has nothing of clap-trap or humbug belonging to it, demands only a nominal fee for membership, and is not "run" for the purpose of private speculation, the probability is that before the time fixed for the first policy to expire, the books will be closed and the organization wound up.

Urbana Plow Works

Among the important manufacturing industries of Urbana is the plow works of Messrs. Henry Borger & Co., situated on West Court street, near the depot.

The works were established in 1874, by Borger & Rauch, as a manufactory of plows, and after about two years they added to their business the manufacture of spring wagons, farm wagons, harrows, wrought-iron fencing, etc., increasing their facilities and machinery to meet the growing demand for their work. In 1879, Mr. Rauch retired from the firm, and the business was continued at the old stand by the firm of Borger & Co. This is the largest and only manufactory of the kind in this county. Their Eureka plows, Little Giant shovel plows and Scotch harrows have earned for this firm a widespread reputation, and they sell extensively to dealers in western and northern Ohio and Pennsylvania. Their machinery is varied and extensive, and runs by steam power. The firm own the buildings they occupy, and represent a capital of some $8,000, with a business prospect that is flattering to their superior work and excellent management.

The United States Rolling Stock Company

This company was chartered in the State of New York, in the year 1871, and was formed for the purpose of manufacturing, selling and leasing locomotives, freight, box and flat cars, etc. The general offices are located at Nos. 27 and 29 Pine street, New York City ; works and storage yards, in Chicago,

In May, 1875, Messrs. J. W. Hodgskin, President of the company, with Mr. C. F. Jauriet, Master Mechanic, came to Urbana in search of a suitable location for their branch shops, and broached the subject to prominent citizens, who, ever ready to take up with an enterprise so beneficial to their city, at once favored the project. These gentlemen, with a committee of three prominent citizens, held a meeting at the Exchange Hotel, where the matter was duly discussed, and resulted in selecting a committee, consisting of Messrs. John H. Young, James Taylor, R. H. Cheetham, Lemuel Weaver^fJohn B. Smith, H.

T. Niles, E. W. Stafford, J. H. Patrick, John Kirby, H. H. Thompson, H. N. Benjamin, W. R. Warnock, Matt Weaver, J. S. Leedom, C. G. Smith, H. McDonald, Edward Jennings and Dr. J. H. Ayres, who united in calling a meeting of the citizens at city hall on Tuesday evening, May 25, 1875. At this meeting, the matter was duly discussed and the propositions of the visiting gentlemen considered ; whereupon a committee of fifteen prominent citizens was chosen " to see the citizens of this city, and learn what they are willing to give toward this enterprise." The latter committee held a meeting on Wednesday evening, May 26, and started a subscription for shares of stock, also a subscription for donations. This proved a success, and the necessary funds were readily secured and the enterprise started in a manner that assured success.

On Tuesday, June 15, 18?5, the subscribers held a meeting at the law office of Warnock & Eichelberger, and elected as Trustees E. W. Stafford, C. G. Smith and Matt Weaver, who collected and managed the subscribed funds, and began negotiations for suitable grounds upon which to locate the works.

Several tracts of land^were considered, and were examined by Messrs. Jauriet and Thompson, who finally selected a tract of forty-seven and one-half acres, known as the Ross and Hagenbuch land, lying west of the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad track, east of North Main street. The tract consisted of a square lot of ten acres, on the east side of North Main street, and adjoining the north corporation line, and thirty-seven and one-half acres lying in a strip east of the said ten-acre lot, and extending south to the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad tracks. This property was duly purchased by the Trustees for about $12,000, with the understanding that when certain conditions were complied with, the same was to be deeded to the United States Rolling Stock Company.

On Monday, August 16, 1875, the company broke ground here and began the work of construction, and pushed their buildings to completion in compliance with contract. We need scarcely add that this was satisfactorily accomplished, and the property duly conveyed to the company as a donation from the enterprising citizens of Urbana.

The present buildings of the company consist of two sheds, each thirty feet wide by 750 feet long, and one shed 60 feet wide by 750 feet long, used as workshops ; one repair shop, 30 feet wide by 800 feet long ; blacksmith-shop, ; 40x150 feet ; storehouse, 30x150 feet, with an office and minor structures.

Mr. C. F. Jauriet, the General Master Mechanic of the company, has supervision of the works, and Mr. B. F. Leonard acts as Foreman, with other foremen and managers in the various branches of the business.

The company employs here an average of 175 men the year through, having at present a force of 260 men engaged in the various departments, styled respectively the wood-working shops, machine-shops and paint-shops.

The principal work done in this great establishment has been the repairing of all kinds of railroad rolling stock ; but in the past year about 150 freight cars have been turned out in addition.

The city is prolific of associations, having for their object social intercourse and improvement or pecuniary advantage, and, in some cases, both social and pecuniary benefits. Among these may be mentioned several of the so-called secret orders, making the payment of a fixed sum to sick or disabled members, the care of the sick, payment of certain amount of funeral expenses, and life assurance the substantial basis of their operations.

Among the former may be mentioned two organizations in the Roman Catholic Church, or perhaps more properly of members of that church ; one composed of married, the other of unmarried women, and which are known as " the Sodality; " the essential features of which are understood to be the cultivation of sociability and nlental improvement.

The same church organization has also a Temperance Society, and a social and benevolent association called the " Hibernia Society." These societies contemplate care for the sick and funeral expenses.

Among the associations of the city, of a purely monetary character, are the loan and building companies, having for their objects the character of savings banks, and the purchase of property to be paid for by small installments of money. These companies have been popular, and have accomplished a good work. The following may be specially mentioned :

The Industry Loan and Building Association , was organized March 1, 1875, and by the terms of the charter, will expire March 1, 1883. The capital stock of $250,000 is divided into 1,250 shares of $200 each. Subscribers pay into the treasury 25 cents weekly on each share of stock subscribed. In the loan of funds collected, the borrower bids a certain premium for precedence in taking a loan. This premium is deducted from the face of the stock, and the balance is paid in cash as an advanced loan, on which the borrower pays interest at the rate of 6 per cent in weekly installments. The loan is further secured by mortgage on real estate. This organization will close at the expiration of eight years from date of incorporation, unless loans are made on all shares paid up prior to that date. Of this society, P. B. Ross is President, and T. D. Crow, Secretary.

The City Loan and Building Association, J. F. Brand, President, and H. D. Crow, Secretary. Incorporated February 19, 1878, with capital stock of $150,000, divided into shares of $200 each. Conducted on the eight years' plan, same as similar associations, except for first three years a limitation is fixed on the premium. For first year, the limitation is $96 ; for second year, $90 ; and for third year, $86. When two or more borrowers bid the maximum premium, precedence is determined by lot.

The Perpetual Savings and Building Association , Joel Read, President ; and John M. Russell, Secretary. Organized in 1879, capital stock $400,000, divided into 2,000 shares of $200 each. Premiums for loans are limited. Business conducted on the same plan and by same methods as similar organizations, but differ from others in having no period designated for its final closing. Subscriptions may be taken at any time, and entire amount of stock subscribed by one may be received.

The TJrhana Loan and Building Association , J. H. Patrick President ; George M. Eichelberger, Secretary. Substantially the same as the foregoing, and conducted on the eight years' plan. Has been successful in its management, and, having been the advance association, contributed materially to the building up of other organizations having the same objects in view. This association will close by articles of agreement in 1881.

The Golden Rule Aid Company. - This company was incorporated, under the statutes of Ohio providing for loan companies, July 20, 1880. The plan of the organization is secured by copyright, granted to A. G. Richards by the Librarian of Congress, in January, 1879. The right for Champaign County was purchased July 27, 1880, by A. J. Xmhoff, J. E. Clark and C. F. Powell. The leading object of the company, is to enable persons to purchase property and pay for it in small payments, on long time, at low rates of interest; especially to assist them to purchase homes, and pay for them with the same money with which they pay rent, and to liquidate oppressive mortgages.

The money of this company is procured by the payment of dues or loan shares, and is loaned to the shareholders at 3 per cent per annum. The borrowed money, principal and interest, is paid in 125 equal monthly payments. As each borrower has always 125 months time given him from the date of his loan share certificate, the organization is perpetual in its character, and becomes one of the permanent institutions of the county. A. J. Imhoff, President; C. F. Powell, Secretary; J. E. Clarke, Treasurer; D. E. Sullivan, E. V. Rhoads and H. C. Pearce, Directors.

The Royal Arcanum was organized in 1877, and proposes " to give moral and material aid to its members, and those dependent on them," and, out of a " widow's and orphan's fund," to pay a sum, not exceeding $3,000, as the member may direct. This society is national in its operations, and numbers 20,000 members. The local organization, besides its proportionate tax in maintenance of the general fund, also has a separate fund for the uses and benefit of the home Society, kept up by annual dues, and distributed in weekly sums to sick and disabled members. Membership is restricted to persons between the ages of twenty-one and sixty, and the assessment for " widows' and orphans' " fund is graded with the age of the member at the time of becoming a member.

The Knights of Honor. - This society is similar in character and purposes to that of the Royal Arcanum, which it claims is an offshoot and imitator. It is also national in its workings, and in its beneficiary operations numbers 100,- 000 members. This society, in its national capacity, is specially entitled to commendation for the beneficent work it accomplished during the plague of the yellow fever, during recent years, in the Southern States.

Knights of Pythias. - This society, founded on the well-known legend of Damon and Pythias, has for its purposes a fraternal interest and the advantages which result from pecuniary relief and care of the sick and disabled. The association was first instituted by J. H. Rathbone, of Washington City, D. C., who still lives. The Urbana Lodge numbers sixty members, who, with black cloth uniforms and the paraphernalia of the ancient knights errant, present a graceful appearance on parade. The Urbana lodge was established June 14, 1877, with twenty charter members, namely, W. A. Brand, George M. Eichelberger, James F. Shumate, J. F. Gowey, John Mayse, C. A. Ross, R. C. Horr, C. W. Clarke, C. L. Stough, A. P. Ross, H. D. Crow, H. W. Crow, G. T. Seibert, J. J. Blose, Frank Chance, G. W. Hitt, T. T. Brand, J. F. Brand, J. C. Brand and J. C. Roof.

Grain Warehouses

Champaign County is essentially an agricultural county, and has, consequently, always produced more than was necessary for home consumption. The surplus was, as is stated elsewhere, hauled to distant markets by wagon,, the teamster bringing back, in exchange for his grain, groceries and other articles of household consumption. The construction of the railway leading to Sandusky in 1848, and the Little Miami to Cincinnati about 1847, encouraged the erection of elevators or grain warehouses in Urbana, for the storage, purchase and shipment of grain. The advantages over the old mode were so many and great that the elevator was not long in securing popular favor. The amount of grain received and shipped necessarily fluctuates, but is estimated to be, annually, from one hundred thousand to one hundred and fifty thousand bushels of wheat, and an equal amount of corn. Shipments were made mainly to the Eastern markets. Grain received in store, for six months, without charge ; when to be closed out at the market price, or chargable at the rate of one cent per bushel a month. Grades of wheat and corn have not been established. In other words, purchases are or have been made of all as third-class grade, substantially offering a premium on dirt, as there is no inducement for the farmer to put his grain in first-class order, when the slovenly dealer receives as much pay per bushel for his badly cleaned seed as is received for the prime article. The inequality of the system is curing itself, and more recently a graded valuation, based on a threefold classification, is governing the local market. The shipped products of the county find depots for the receiving of grain at all the stations on the several lines of railways ; St. Paris and Mechanicsburg, more particularly, being considerable grain centers.

Urbana contains three grain warehouses, which are amply sufficient for the requirements of the grain trade which naturally tends to this market. Two houses were opened at about the same time, in 1848, on the line of the then Mad River & Lake Erie Railway (now called the Cincinnati, Sandusky & Cleveland Railroad), at the mouth of Miami street; one by Erastus Sheldon; the other by A. & L. H. Magrew. The Sheldon house soon changed hands to John A. Mosgrove, William Wiley and S. A. Winslow (Mosgrove, Winslow & Wiley). The death of Winslow changed the style and firm to Mosgrove & Wiley, who conducted the business many years, and a few years since disposed of their interest to Irving Blose and John Edmonson, under the firm name of Blose & Edmonson. This concern wanted " ballast" and did not continue any considerable time and were succeeded by Messrs. Woodcock & Co., which firm, after a year's work, changed into the hands of E. T. Woodcock, by whom the business is now conducted.

The house of Magrew, in 1854, changed proprietors and became Magrew & Sons (Matthew, Lemuel and Merrill Magrew). In 1861, the firm name was L. H. and M. Magrew and S. B. Payne. In 1868, M. Magrew having died, the firm became Eichholtz, Payne & Magrew, by whom the business is still carried on.

The third house erected within the past twelve years, on the line of the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad, and usually known as the " elevator," though strictly the work in all the warehouses is performed on the plan of the elevators, was built by Messrs. E. M. Bennett & Co. The firm changed to Ross, Bennett & Co. Afterward to Blose, Bennett & Co., and to-day is conducted by E. M. Bennett.

On the grounds attached to this elevator, about the same time, was opened a cattle and stock -yard, for the monthly sale of stock. Much expense was incurred, and every possible facility offered to make the enterprise a success. The business opened prosperously, and for a time was well patronized, but after a faithful trial for about a year, the support received growing continually less, the scheme was abandoned. The explanation of the failure is not difficult. A similar organization in an adjoining county had proved a success for years, :and took precedence, and the raising of cattle in Champaign County had been gradually changing, from being largely a special pursuit into other departments of agriculture. To which may be added, farmers as a class, are tenacious of running in the old ruts, and are not in favor of any " new-fangled notions," or speculative theories until they have been demonstrated by those who are able d;o run the chances of success or loss, the reason for which is plain. Agriculture is slow work, and the annual returns do not justify unnecessary risks.

The village, like all other towns and villages of the country, was largely composed of artisans who had for the most part served an indentured apprenticeship and traveled as journeymen mechanics to perfect themselves in their trades. Cabinet-makers, carpenters, hatters, shoemakers, masons, blacksmiths, weavers, potters, brick-makers and all the mechanical pursuits were represented long before the town had reached half its present population. In proportion to the population, there was the same tendency to engage in the so-called u liberal professions " then as now, the schoolroom being usually made the medium to the law, medicine and theology. In the settlement of the country we are impressed with the fact that the early pioneers almost without exception, were skilled in some mechanical trade. It not unfrequently happened that there were several of the same name who were distinguished one from the other by their employment, thus Mason Downs, Carpenter Downs, Nailer Bell, Weaver Bell, Teacher Bell, Lawyer Bell, etc. Each man plied his trade with little or no help from machinery, save such as he made himself. Machinery now has largely taken the place of the skilled artisan, and " trades," with few exceptions are no longer taught. While the invention of machinery has, perhaps, increased the demand for labor and diminished the cost of the product made, it has turned out a more finished article, but at the personal skill and independence -of the workman.

Projects have been entertained at various times for the erection of factories and machine-shops, some of which have been carried into operation, and some of which have been sad failures. The shops which were opened from time to time, maintained by the industry of the proprietor and the few hands with him as apprentices, gave stability, attraction and reasonable prosperity to the growing village. But as time ran on, invention and labor-saving machinery, demanding capital and enterprise, began to make inroads on manual labor.

There have never been wanting men in Urbana who have had the sagacity 4o see that by effort and concert of action the town might be made a prominent mechanical center. The incredulous are apt to question this from the lack of water-power and the absence of the two great elements of civilization, coal and iron. But, on the other hand, other manufacturing districts have been built up under equal disadvantages. Transportation facilities abound, and the wonderful fertility of her lands, with a superabundance of cheap food, presents a prime factor in the result. At an early day, a project was advocated to make a canal from Mad River to and beyond the town as a tangible mode of securing ample water-power for all conceivable purposes. The only feasible route was from the northwest, beginning at a point some miles above town. The general scheme and plans were extensive and complicated, and now unnecessary to be detailed. Mr. John H. James, who was understood to have fathered the plan, gave the matter much thought and advocacy. The question was one which demanded legislative intervention and sanction. In connection with this is a bit of unwritten political history not commonly known. Charles Anthony, of Clarke, John H. James and Abram R. Colwell, of Champaign, were candidates for the Legislature. For the three to remain in the field was equivalent to the election of Anthony and the consequent defeat of the contemplated improvement. With either of the two candidates from Champaign, Anthony could be defeated. Israel Bamilion and William Patrick, discussing the situation, agreed to call upon the candidates from Champaign and urge the withdrawal of either from the contest. They went at once to Mr. Colwell, who saw the certain defeat in a triangular fight, but said he would leave the matter to Mr. James to say which of the two should withdraw. The committee then called on Mr. James and stated the condition in which all parties were placed, when Mr. James promptly surrendered in favor of Mr. Colwell. The result was, Colwell was elected to represent the district, and the canal project from some cause was lost. Unfortunately, there will always be found men in every community who are " wiser than ten men who can give a reason," who saw a " cat in the meal." " It would ruin Mad River; " "it would make the country unhealthy ; " " it would make Mr. James very rich ! " This latter, it was asserted, was the chief source that dried up the canal. That somebody should make money out of it was an enormity not to be overlooked. There were those stupid enough to believe, or stupid enough to act on the supposition that men would give their time, talents and means to promote a great public enterprise for the simple glory of it, ignoring the universal fact that all men work for the "almighty dollar," and that all public enterprises everywhere have this same complexion. Somebody will make the larger pile ; the whole community are permanently benefited. Mad River still pursues its winding; channel, with but a single mill in the distance of many miles.

In 1879, an organization of the citizens of town was effected for the purpose of inducing capitalists, in connection with mills and factories in search oF a location for business, to settle here.

The want of space forbids any lengthy account of enterprises -which werebegun and failed, and of others which have been a success. A simple noticeor two may be sufficient. About 1850, D. and T. M. Gwynne started a stave factory, and, after a few years' operation, transferred their means to a machine actory. Both concerns closed doors, mainly, it is believed, from a want of experience in the economical management of such establishments. The stave,, factory was resumed under the auspices of David Hovey and Royal Winder, with a like result. About the same time, Alien and Jacob Minturn began the manufacture of the Huzzy reaper in the southeastern part of town. Lacking capital, they associated with them, in 1856, Jacob Kauffman and James A. Nelson. The machine was of excessive draft, requiring four horses. After many experiments and considerable expense, the reaper was vastly improved, and the enterprise bid fair to be a permanent success, when some one claimed a patent right .on the machine superior to claims which had been bought. The " capital " of the concern saw no money in the enterprise with an annoying t lawsuit, though successful in the issue, and closed the factory. Not many years after, the Hurd brothers opened a spoke and hub factory in the northwestern part of the city. The works were prosecuted with vigor and success for some time, but the " hard times " and general stagnation of business prompted a temporary closing of the works, which promised to be permanent. We elsewhere refer to the Urbana Machine Shops. Greatly embarrassed for a time by the depressed condition of the country, and still further damaged by the want of experience, under the return of general prosperity and a broad experience, it has, perhaps, laid the foundation for an extensive establishment. Down on Miami street, where the " town branch " crosses the street, on the north side, many years ago an iron foundry was erected. During the decade of 1830, it was successfully managed by David Parry, then by Gordon, afterward by Messrs. Morris and Crane, and now by Marcus Crane. Stoves of many varieties, patterns and purposes, and light castings, constitute its general manufacture, and the u foundry " may be considered one of the fixed institutions of the town. On the southeastern portion of the city, the " woolen-factory " always catches the eye of the stranger. As early as 1814, John Reynolds and Elisha C. Berry built a flouring-mill hard by, which was soon after enlarged and changed into a carding and woolen factory. In the sixty-six years which have elapsed, the establishment has passed through a number of hands, successful in its purpose when managed by experience and skill. It is now the property of and managed by Messrs. Henry Fox & Co., who are turning out cloths which compete with the boasted mills of the country, and which, brought in competition at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia in 1876, won for Mr. Fox the prize medal. The " factory," too, may be considered one of the permanent fixtures of the city. Within the last few years, two establishments have been built for the manufacture of corn-brooms, both near the mouth of North Main street, one by Messrs. David Perry & Bros., the other by J. J. Robinson & Sons. The two establishments work from thirty to forty hands, turning out sixty to one hundred dozen brooms a day, which are shipped to Pennsylvania, Western and Northern Ohio, Indiana and Michigan. Dugan Prairie has a reputation for raising an unsurpassed quality of broom-corn - J. W. Ogden, David Carey, David Perry, Mark Iligbee, Freyhoff, Dalhousie and perhaps others living on the prairie making a specialty of the crop and illustrating the first principles of commercial prosperity - the bringing of the producer and manufacturer side by side.

The enterprises thus begun on the returning tide of prosperity, conducted within control and under the hand of experience, bid fair to become manufactories of magnitude and importance.

Messrs. 0. G. Smith Co.'s Tannery. - On South Main street, where the town branch crosses the street, will be found this establishment, which, in a small way, was begun by John and William Glenn in the early settlement of the town. The abundance of raw-hides and tanbark made the tanning and dressing of hides a profitable occupation. The Messrs. Glenn were quiet men, took no part in politics, never wanted an office, attended to their own business and prospered, and under their hand the tannery became a " fixture." In later life, Mr. John Glenn, on a summer day, might be seen in front of the little brick adjoining the tannery building, then his residence, and have a kind word for every boy who passed, and generally offer his snuff-box to cement the goodwill. The establishment has been greatly enlarged and improved, and the proprietors no longer look exclusively to Champaign, either for hides or bark. They have also connected with the tannery and finishing-house, an extensive harness manufactory. Few persons know of the extent and capacity of this 'establishment, in its various appointments, which may also be put down as one of the permanent manufactories of the country.

The TJrbana Machine Works. - This company was organized in 1870, by about thirty citizens of Urbana, on the stock plan, with a view to manufacturing the Dougherty water-wheel, the Excelsior steel plow and the Excelsior grain drill. The water-wheel, being found insufficient to stand the test to which it was subjected, was abandoned, and shortly afterward began the manufacture of Small's turbine wheel, designed and patented by E. S. Small, of Urbana. The Excelsior plow was soon known as a valuable pattern, and steadily grew in popular favor. In 1872 and 1873, less than 200 were manfactured. In the next year, 900, and in the year following, 1,400 were made. The company also undertook the manufacture of the Burn's corn-planter, a sulky breaking-plow, and mill gearing, shafting and pulleys, and, in connection with their shops, had a foundry for the casting of the machinery used in their manufactures.

The recent commercial panic and financial depression affected this establishment, as it did hundreds of other houses throughout the country. The company also suffered from the want of experience, which too frequently attends enterprises of this character, and which losses and time alone can remedy. The resumption of specie payment by the Government, and the returning tide of prosperity to all departments of industry, will be equally felt by this factory in its continuance of work.

The Saunders' Crlue Factory. - In the southwestern quarter, just within the city limits, stands the glue factory of Mr. Robert Saunders. This establishment was begun about twenty years ago, on a small scale, but with indifferent success. William F. Mosgrove, David Hovey, William B. Moore and Newton Ambrose each, in turn, being interested in the business with Mr. Saunders ; but not proving as profitable as probably had been anticipated, they disposed of their interests, the whole concern ultimately falling into the hands and managementof Mr. Saunders. Through theyearsof national financial troubles, he "stuck" to his business, and, with returning general prosperity, there is a great probability that the works will be equally prosperous. The factory turns out 500 pounds of glue daily, which is shipped to Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis or Cleveland, and the material used brought partly from distant markets, but supplied to a -considerable extent by the tannery of Messrs. C. G. Smith & Co., of Urbana. In connection with the establishment is also a soap factory, which manufactures several qualities of soap for laundries and wool factories. These are ipartly molded into bars, as are found at the stores, but mainly in barrels, for shipment to factories.

We hope to see Mr. Saunders, at no distant day, connect with the above the manufacture of a commercial fertilizer. Tons of crude materials are sold at nominal cost, by the cord, which, chemically "doctored " by the admixture -of sand and clay or other cheap material, sells readily at from $30 to $40 a ton. This factory having maintained itself for so many years, in times of great financial depression, we may readily conclude that it may be set down as one of the permanent industries of this locality.

In the year 1814, an association was formed in Urbana for the purpose of carrying on a banking business. It was chartered in 1816, and was known as the Urbana Banking Company. The building in which this, the first bank was opened, was situated on Miami street, a little west of the present site of the Weaver House. John Reynolds was its first President and William Neil its first Cashier. This bank was in operation until about the year 1841, when it broke, never to be repaired.

In 1857 or 1858, the first private bank of Urbana was organized. Its proprietors were William Wiley, James Clark, S. A. Winslow, Thomas M. Gwynne, David Gwynne and J. M. Mosgrove. Its Cashier was James Clark. It was known as the Farmers' Bank, and was opened on the south side of Monument Square, and afterward moved to North Main street. It was succeeded by Armstrong's Bank, which was succeeded by the Citizen's National Bank, now in operation. The latter is located on the northeast corner of Monument Square and North Main street. It was organized in 1865 ; chartered February 14 of that year. Its first President was Amos Whitely ; Cashier, E. G. Wiley; Directors, Abner Whitely, David Blose, William Wiley, John H. Blose and Edward Jennings. On the resignation of Mr. Whitely, as President, soon after its organization, J. B. Armstrong became President, whose resignation was tendered in February, 1874, at which time Oliver Taylor was elected President, who is now in office. W. W. Wilson is its present Cashier, and John Mayse, Assistant Cashier. Oliver Taylor, I. B. Thomas, J. M. Mosgrove, S. L. Robinson, Allen Loudenback, James Taylor, Orville Noble, C. F. Colwell and John S. Kirby, Directors. This bank withstood the panic of 1873, did not suspend payment, is in good condition, having a capital of $100,- 000, with a surplus of $10,000.

There are two other national banks in Urbana - the Champaign National Bank, formerly the Champaign County Bank, and the Third National Bank. The former was organized and received its charter in the spring of 1865* and is located on North Main street, near Monument Square. Its officers are a& follows : President, P* B. Ross ; Cashier, H. P. Espy ; Directors, J. A.

The Third National Bank was chartered in 1873. It is situated on North Main street, No. 22, between Monument Square and Court street. John Young was its first President; J. Hill, Vice President; E. J. Wiley, Cashier;, A. F. Vance, Jr., Assistant Cashier; Directors, Joseph Hill, William Wiley, C. W. Marshall, David Loudenback, J. C. Coulson and Frank Chance. There has been no change in officers since its organization. Was not affected by the panic of 1873. Has a capital of $100,000.

Lodges And Associations

Urbana Lodge , No. Jp6, I. 0. 0. F. - Charter granted August 2, 1845, charter members being Erastus Sheldon, John Crim, John A. Mosgrove, Francis M. Wright and Samuel H. Robinson, of whom Mr. Mosgrove alone survives. This lodge first met in an upper room in a brick building on the corner of Monument Square and Miami street, which now forms part of the " Weaver House." When the house was remodeled, the lodge removed to the third-story room of Anderson's drug store, on the corner of Monument Square and Scioto street. Being cramped for room, and financially prosperous, they purchased the lot on South Main street, and removed one of the old landmarks of the city, a frame building, occupied many years by Daniel Harr as a tavern, known, to a later generation as the " Ohio House," kept by Mr. Scott. On this lot the present house, known as the Odd Fellows' Building, was built at a cost of about $20,000, and contains the post office, Young Men's Christian Association and general audience-room. Total membership, 243.

The Champaign Encampment , No. 29, I. 0. 0. F. - Charter granted September 2, 1848 ; instituted October 22, 1848, by John D. Harrison ; charter members, John A. Mosgrove, J. H. Patrick, W. F. Slater, F. D. Bonham, Samuel H. Robinson and Hiram S. Camp. Membership, 120.

Goff Lodge, A., F. A. M. - Is composed of colored citizens organized by David Jenkins, D. G. M., and Grand Master of the State, March 26, 1866, and has a membership of forty-five.

Benjamin Lodge, G. U. O. O. F. - Lodge of Odd Fellows, is composed of colored citizens, and was organized by B. W. Arnet, September 15, 1876; is made of good material and doing a good work. Membership, fifty-five.

Improved Order of Red Men. - This organization is of American origin, and claims to have been instituted in the latter part of the last century. Its purposes are social and beneficial, and, in its jurisdiction, it comprises lodges in all the States. The division is into councils and tribes. The unit of organization is called a tribe. The several tribes within the boundaries of a State constitute a State Council, and the several State Councils constitute the Great Council. The following-named persons, in the organization of Mineola Tribe, No. 37, at Urbana, March 4, 1868, were charter members, viz., George W. Collins, Joseph S. Carter, J. C. Jones, S. M. Perry, L. Shyrigh, W. A. Brand, D. W. Happersett, C. W. Roof, C. H. Ward, S. S. P. Stone, J. D. Kirkpatrick, George Satterth waite, R. J. Winder, Hiram Norris, George Sollers, James K. Landis, F. M. Ambrose, John Emerson and John Gump. This lodge has rapidly increased in membership, numbering 120, and occupies the commodious and finely frescoed room in the upper story of Weaver's Block, corner of Scioto and Monument Square.

Other associations exist, of which it is unnecessary to make any extended notice, among which are the medical profession, the bar, Young Men's Christion Association and the Urbana Library. The Y. M. C. A. has a readingroom in the I. O. O. F. building, which is open every night to all who wish to use it. The association is doing a good work, but does not receive the encouragement and support it deserves. The town in 1830 had a circulating library, which was kept in the court house, in the public square. On the removal of that building the books were scattered and lost. The present library is kept in the Weaver Block, northeast corner of the public square ; has a fair list of good books, which are annually increased. The mistake is that it is not free, and that the city does not provide a library room for the use of the city and for a cabinet for the Scientific Association.

Accidents By Wind, Fire And Flood

Tornado , 1830. - From a report of William Patrick, we make the following abstract : Monday, March 22, 1830, in the early morning, was mild and pleasant, but at about 10 or 11 o'clock sprang up fitful southwestern breezes, with flitting clouds, until about 2 o'clock, P. M., when a small black, dense cloud was seen low down in the western horizon. Spectators were attracted by its marked singularity in many respects. It moved in quick, darting swoops and zigzag gyrations, up, down and horizontally, with rapid, whirling evolutions, and seemed to emit dazzling electric scintillations, producing a fringe-work of inconceivable splendor. In a few moments, all nature was hushed - not a breath of air stirred. The heavens seemed to hang out a dark pall, and all to be immersed in one general gloom. The deathlike silence and breathless calm suddenly changed to an appalling spectacle. The whole heavens at once were in tumultuous commotion. The storm-king, in awful grandeur, howling, shrieking and terrific, carried in its course trees, lumber, roofs, fences, haystacks, everything within its reach, in wild fury. It is impossible to give an adequate conception of the awful sublimity of the scene. In less time than the story can be told, the tornado seemed to dash like the forked lightning on the town, picking up and demolishing a small brick building on the northeast corner of the homestead lot of John A. Mosgrove, occupied by Richard Baker ; unroofing the Luce House, on the corner of Miami and Russell streets; dipped into the Town Branch, in the present foundry yard, cleaning out the w^ater and sediment in its course ; then ascending, whirled and scattered the frame house of J. B. Eaker, near the front yard of the residence of J. M. Gardener, unroofing a log house of old James Hulse, in the rear of the present Lutheran Church, and destroying all the stables in the vicinity. The storm then leaped over two or three small frames nearly opposite the present Presbyterian Church, occupied by Jonathan E. Chaplin and others, demolishing in front a pillared market house, then seizing the hip roof and brick steeple of the Presbyterian Church, erected on the site of the present court house, crumbled the brick walls to its foundations, carrying steeple and timbers long distances, hurling portions of them against the Hamilton House, which was partly unroofed and prostrated, and unroofing the brick dwelling just beyond the latter. Here the tornado divided into two currents - one struck and unroofed a log house occupied by William Downs, drawing out as by suction the north wall of the old brick Methodist Episcopal Church, which it laid out in a straight line, without even separating the masonry to any extent. The other struck the house of Rollin J. Harvey, which it prostrated, then whirled into fragments a new frame house occupied by George Bell, a little east of the present residence of Dr. Houston. Mrs. Bell was hurled several rods, maiming her for life ; four children were killed and their bodies carried a long distance, and a little girl, a daughter of William Smith, who was playing with the Bell children, dangerously injured by the splintered timbers.

Here the two currents again united, leaving the residence of Jerry Mathis, which stood in the front part of the lot of Jerry Denets, untouched, picked up the brick residence of Charles Mathis, which was on the spot where Mrs. West now lives, and crumbled it to the lower floor, leaving Mrs. Mathis sitting with a small child in her arms, unhurt. The storm then wheeled to the north and demolished the oil-mill of John Mathis, leaving not a vestige of his stock of castor beans. Here the tornado left the town, pursuing its devastating course through the Ryan woods, on a line a little north of the old burial-ground, across the rising ground where the public high school buildings are, twisting, uprooting and hurling headlong the largest trees ; yet onward it sped, ascending and descending, touching the earth here and there, at unequal distances, in a track from four to six rods wide, when it came in contact with the earth, across the State of Ohio, nearly destroying a small town in Richland County and reaching a town in northeastern Pennsylvania at about 5 o'clock the same day, at the speed of about 150 miles an hour.

Immediately after the storm had passed, the citizens of the town, with the assistance of many from the country, met, and inaugurated measures of relief for the suffering, and on the following morning began the reconstruction of the buildings. Men of all trades became carpenters, brick masons and plasterers ; some furnished shingles, glass, nails and other material, and in the course of a month all of the unfortunate families were provided with homes.

The terror inspired by the tornado of 1830 left a permanent impression on the minds of the then residents of the town, and for many years the gathering storm prompted an early retreat to the cellar, as the place of safety.

For many years the county has escaped the ravages of the storm. The years 18T9 and 1880 have been more marked by violent wind-storms than any period since that above named. In November of 1879, a whirlwind passed over the eastern portion of the body of the county, inflicting material damage and loss, but without loss of life. In the spring of 1880, several heavy storms passed over the same general route, one of which, with the force and violence of a tornado, did much damage in its course, and particularly in the village of Cable. And afterward, in June, during the afternoon, a funnel-shaped cloud drove over the same route, high in the air, revolving as it went, like a huge monster, dipping down to the earth for an instant and darting back again, fortunately carried on the fierce war of the elements beyond the reach of human habitations. Those who witnessed the dark and driving mass, and heard the rush and noise of the mighty wind, were terrified lest it strike the earth in its onward sweep. When it had passed, dark and gloomy clouds covered the sky, and, though scarcely 4 o'clock, many outside the track of the storm-cloud lighted lamps for half an hour.

Fire. - Loss and damage by tire in Urbana have been unusually small. At a rough estimate, $5,000 would pay the entire loss from this cause, from the first settlement of the town until the date of the fire on Miami street. The last-named fire occurred in the winter of 1876-77, and spread from the northwest angle of the public square - the first building being occupied by Decatur Talbott, as a hat store - thence to the south corner of the block, and passed down the street to the brick house on the southwest corner of the block, which stopped further progress. The house on the corner of the square was not materially damaged. One or two old "landmarks " of town were destroyed. The fire began about the middle of the block, and was suspected to be the work of an incendiary, and threatened to become a general conflagration. The loss was covered mainly by insurance. While the owners suffered a considerable loss, the improvements which followed added materially to the value of the property and the general appearance of the street.

Water. - Located away from a stream of any magnitude, and washed only by a "pleasant run," scarcely ten feet wide, accidents by flood might be supposed to be the one item which should be omitted. But the " Town Branch " has on several occasions become a resistless torrent, once about the year 1842, once in 1847, and once in 1868. The increased volume of water was caused by the breaking of the embankment of the factory pond or reservoir, from which the creek is in a measure supplied, which, together with heavy and continued rains, made the little stream for the time overspread its banks. On one occasion, Lewis Hunter was standing on the bridge, near the tannery, looking at the surging waters whirl beneath the bridge. The arch was too small, and the pressure of the pent-up stream was too great for the structure, and, as he was looking, the whole concern was swept away, and he was carried down the torrent with the floating timber, but, at the bend of the stream at the foot of the block, he was thrown out on the land, without material injury.

First Election

The election of Urbana Township, given as the first election held in the township, was held in Urbana October 8, 1811. Zephaniah Luce, William Stevens and William Glenn were Judges, and Joseph Hedges and Daniel Helmick, Clerks of the election. At this election, eightyseven votes were cast, the names being, Lawrence White, Joseph Gordon, W. H. Fyffe, Samuel McCord, George Hunter, James Robinson, Benjamin Doolittle, Nathaniel Pinkard, Daniel Helmick, George Fithian, Joseph Hedges, Zephaniah Luce, William Glenn, Nathaniel Morrow, John Rigdon, John Huston, Alexander Allen, Joseph Ford, John Williams, Britton Lovett, James Askin, James McGill, Jacob Arney, Hugh Gibbs, James Dallas, Samuel Hoge, James Elmore, John McCord, William Stevens, Anthony Patrick, Henry Bacon, Simon Kenton, David W. Parkison, Nathan Fitch, Frederic Ambrose, William Powell, Jacob Slagel, James Fithian, David Moody, Daniel Harr, Isaac Robinson, Edward W. Pierce, John Thompson, John Thomas, John Shryock, James Wilkison, Enos Thomas, Isaac Shockey, William Bridge, John Reynolds, John A. Ward, John Trewitt, William Sargent, William Rhodes, Joseph Ayer, Sr., Allen Oliver, Thomas Wert, Nicholas Carpenter, John White, John Glenn, John Sargent, Daniel Sargent, Jacob Pence, Curti& M. Thompson, Andrew Richards, Job Clemons, Timothy Giffert, Sanford Edmonds, Thomas Moore, John Rhodes, Alexander McCompsey, Robert Noe, John Ford, Francis Stevenson, Robert Tabor, John Frazell, Tolson Ford, Thomas Ford, Job Gard, James Davison, Samuel Clifton, John Stewart, Thomas Trewitt, Benjamin Nichols, John Fitcher, Joseph Pence and Nelson Sargent.

The election of 1811 shows the choice of Zephaniah Luce, William Glenn and William Stevens, Trustees ; Treasurer, Joseph Hedges ; Overseers of the Poor, John Reynolds and Charles Stewart ; Fence Viewers, William Bridge and William Powell ; House Appraiser and Lister, D. Vance and Daniel Helmick; Supervisors, William Rhodes and William Parkison.

In 1815, John Rhodes was Township Clerk ; John Reynolds, Treasurer; Samuel McCord, C. H. Case and Benjamin Doolittle, Trustees ; Daniel Helmick, Fence Viewer. For the next four years Daniel Helmick was Clerk, and John Reynolds, Treasurer.

1820 - William Patrick, Clerk ; Join: Wallace, Treasurer ; John Hamilton, Frederic Ambrose and William H. Fyfie, Trustees ; George Hite and E. C. Berry, Overseers of the Poor; John Hamilton and John McCord, Fence Viewers. For the next five years the same Clerk, Trustees and Treasurer.

1825 - Township Clerk, William Patrick ; Treasurer, E. B. Cavilier ; Trustees, James Smith, William H. Fyfie and Andrew Kirkpatrick ; Fence Viewers, Thomas Gwynne and Edmund Conner ; Appraisers, John Goddard and Enos Thomas.

1830 - Township Clerk, William Patrick; Trustees, Fyfie, Smith and Kirkpatrsck ; Overseers of the Poor, Matthew Magrew and George Hite ; Treasurer, John Wallace; Fence Viewers, Joseph S. Carter and John H. James.

Under another paragraph is given the aggregate number of enlistments and deaths of those who enlisted in the Federal forces in the civil war. Herewith are published the names of the enlisted men from Urbana City and Township :

We had hoped to give a list of the merchants and professional men who have resided in Urbana, together with the changes which have taken place. Several lists have been made at various times, but they have been inaccurate, and any attempt to make a full list now would be equally imperfect. Until 1840, and perhaps later, many, or perhaps all, the stores were of the character of u all sorts stores," carrying miscellaneous stocks of dry goods, groceries, hardware, school-books and notions. In more recent years, the various departments of mercantile trade have been subdivided, and the tendency is to make specialties of certain classes of merchandise. As town and city, there has never been any lack of dry-goods dealers and grocers. In addition to these, shops and stores abound for the sale of merchandise, which formerly was sold in the "all sorts store," as boots and shoes, clothing, hats and caps, furniture, clocks and jewelry, hardware, glass and queensware, agricultural implements, drugs and paints, books and stationery, stoves and hollow-ware, meat-shops and green-grocers. No class of men in the community are more public-spirited, or contribute more to the advancement of the public good. To enumerate the names of a portion might appear invidious ; to mention all would be the equivalent of a directory.

There has been no time in the history of the town when there were not sufficient physicians to " doctor" the sick. These represent the various schools and modes of practice, and the most fastidious may make his choice. We are indebted to Dr. James M. Mosgrove, now the oldest practicing physician in the city, for a paper, which is believed to be the most complete list to be made of the physicians of the county, and which will be found in the general notes on the county.

On another page, will be found the names of the members of the legal profession, and a list of the citizens of the city and township of Urbana who enlisted in the late war. Those who survive of these are the industrious, busy men of to-day. In the foregoing pages, as well as throughout the entire volume, will be found scattered names and lists. The descendants of these are the active, earnest men of the present, as intent on making money, acquiring knowledge, developing the resources of the country and holding office, as their forefathers were.

In closing these pages, the names and faces of many of the old citizens come up unbidden, whose virtues and good deeds live after them, who played their little part on the stage of life, and the world was made the better that they lived in it. We cannot omit the name of one, Judge William Patrick, who still lingers among us, older than the century, whom the city has delighted to honor, and who, in the varied career of his life, has won the highest praise of men, that of " the man of integrity." The friends who know him will heartily respond to the sentiment of Horace, Redeat sero in Coelum , and when the change shall come, that he walk forth from the winter of life into the everlasting morning.

The sketch we have undertaken to write, we are aware is both rude and imperfect. As the work progressed and the story of the times that tried and made men was unraveled, we were the more convinced that the narrative demanded, not the pleasurable occupation of a few months, but the labor of years. The captious and critical may recall much that should have been recorded, but it may be well to remember the vastness of the work which shall include the whole. The scandal-monger who shall hunt for a story of wrongs und crime will be disappointed. Not that these things have not been, for recent years ha\ e shown too clearly how the confidence of men may be betrayed, and home and honor lost. Over these we would drop the veil, and with the more pleasure record that during a period of almost eighty years the annals of the county have been singularly free from the stain of great crimes. In looking over the past, we may reasonably conclude that Urbana will never be a city of great circumference, but a home where culture and taste may delight to dwell ; and that the county of which it is the center will, in the coming century, become the garden of the State.

This township is situated in the southeastern part of the county, being Township 4, in Range 11, including one tier of sections in Range 10. It is bounded on the north by Wayne Township, on the east by Goshen Township, on the south by a portion of Clark County, and on the west by Urbana Township. About two-thirds of the township is military land, and the remainder Congress. It is drained by Dry Run and Buck Creek, the former stream watering the northern part of the township, and the latter running diagonally across the township from the northeastern to the southwestern corner, passing through the little village of Mutual, lending unto the inhabitants thereof the murmur of its ripple as it gently wends its steady course toward the waters of the deep.

The soil is fertile and the lands well improved. The Urbana and Mechanichsburg pike runs east and west through the center of the township, the Urbana and North Lewisburg pike running northeast and southwest through the northern part of the township, and the Catawba pike passing east and west through over one-half of the southern part of the township. These pikes are intersected by others of not so much importance, and by numerous dirt roads.

Through the southeastern part of the township passes the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad, affording to the farmers excellent means for marketing their products.

Early Settlements

To whom is due the honor of being the first settler of this township is not definitely known. We mention the names of Joseph McLain and Stephen Runyan as the first inhabitants of whom there is any authentic record. Mc- Lain was born in Virginia in 1775. Accompanied by Stephen Runyan and their families, he left Virginia in 1801. The party traveled to Wheeling, W.

Va., by wagon. In descending the precipitous hills, it was necessary to check the velocity of the trip downward. This was done by fastening small trees to the wagon. Their heavy weight served to detain the progress of the conveyance. Upon arriving at Wheeling, they chartered a flat-boat, on which they floated toward Cincinnati. In the fall of the same year, they entered lands in the military section of this township. The fact that he occupied military lands was not disclosed to him (McLain) until some time after. When he ascertained the true condition of things, he purchased one hundred and seventy-seven acres of land of one Lugham and removed thereon. Squire James A. McLain was bom July 9, 1804, and was the first white child born in the township. The Squire well remembers the two horses that were brought from Virginia. These horses performed many years of faithful service, and died at an old age. The Squire's youthful aspirations consisted in riding one of the horses, called Fox. The land was planted with corn, and in the fall a small crop was realized. McLain devoted much of his time in searching for bees and honey. With the money realized from the sale of the honey he paid for his land. He brought with him from his native country several hogs. These hogs increased in number, and erelong the entire neighborhood was supplied with them. They wrere inferior in quality, and the cognomen of " wind-splitters " was usually applied to them. Corn-dodgers, venison and pork were their principal diet.

Barton Minturn, a native of New Jersey, entered a part of Section 28, at $2.25 per acre, in the spring of 1808. With him came his father, Jacob, the Joneses (Donald, Abram and Jesse), Donald Baker and John Clark. These men were all of the State of New Jersey, but, with Minturn, had removed to Virginia at an early day. They owned no lands in the latter State, and lived in poverty. Becoming dissatisfied with their lot, they concluded to remove to a new country in the West. They came down the Ohio River, and traveled from Cincinnati to this county by wagon. They were pleased with the inviting aspect, and concluded that " it was good to live here." They settled chiefly on prairie lands, which were in a fair state of cultivation. Jacob Minturn, who was the tax collector for a number of years, died in 1818. Barton departed this life in 1868. Two of his children still survive, viz., Jacob, a resident of Urbana, and Edward, born in 1805, who lives on the old homestead.

Jesse C. Phillips, a native of Virginia, came to the county in 1813, and settled in Salem Township. In 1835, he purchased fifty acres of land in the northwestern part of this township. By strict economy and industry, he has accumulated a farm of 400 acres. He has represented his county in the Legislature, and was a Justice of the Peace for twenty -one consecutive years. He is now eighty-one years of age, and enjoys a life of peace and comfort.

Joseph Diltz, a Virginian, settled in the northern part of the township. His descendants still live on and around the old homestead, and thus perpetuate the name of an upright man and a good citizen.