Champaign County, Ohio - The whole text, 1881 (part 14 of 32)

This beautiful little village, of some two hundred inhabitants, is situated in the eastern part of the township. The land on which it stands was, at one time, the farm of Casper Miller, after whose death it fell it to his son, Christ, who, in connection with a cousin, John G. Miller, had the ground laid out into lots. The surveying was done by John Arrowsmith, in the year 1837. Christ built the first house, which was of brick. He lived in it, and there opened a grocery and tavern. The first Postmaster was Isaac Ammon. It can boast of two churches, Reformed and Baptist, and a schoolhouse ; also of a number of neat and pretty residences. It is supplied with three stores, a shoe-shop, two blacksmith-shops, a saw-mill, and last, but not least, a hotel, the Valley House. Dr. Comer ^administers to the sick. The school is taught by S. D. Harman. The first -named church was organized in 1821, and worshiped in the jointlybuilt church at the Salem Graveyard, a history of which is given in the township matter, where they continued to worship until the church was built in Millerstown, Rev. J. Steiner serving as the first Pastor in 1852. He was followed by Rev. Jesse Richards, who remained their Pastor nearly sixteen years. The Baptists have no regular organized church. The building was bought from the Universalists in 1879. Rev. I. R. Randell, of the Myrtle- Tree Church, preaching for them occasionally. A Universalist Church was here conducted through a period of nineteen years. It was organized in September, 1860, by Rev. T. S. Guthrie, with a membership of twenty-six. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. S. P. Carlton. After disposing of the church in Millerstown, that denomination purchased the old Methodist Episcopal Church building in St. Paris. Politically speaking, the inhabitants of the village are pretty generally Democrats, there being, at the November election in the precinct, but twelve Republican votes cast.

named after John Quincy Adams, lies in the northwest corner of Champaign County. No railroad crosses its borders, yet it is within range of several lines. It has been conceded that, in point of production, individual enterprise and traveling facilities, this is by far the most unpretentious township in the county. This state of affairs is rapidly being remedied. A superior system of drainage has been adopted ; the inhabitants are tearing down the dilapidated cabins that have been an eye-sore to the passers-by for years, erecting in their stead magnificent structures, some of which are unequaled by those of any rural township in the county. The township is traversed by a complete net-work of pikes, and last, but not least, a railroad is under construction. Originally, the township was an unbroken forest, and years passed away before the timber was sufficiently removed to admit the profitable tilling of the soil. A portion of the northern sections is more adapted to grazing, and enormous herds of cattle, swine and sheep are fed each year. As an agricultural section, Adams ranks alike with her sister townships, wheat being the principal production, the average yearly yield ranging from twenty to twenty-five bushels to the acre.

At the organization of Champaign County, this township was embraced in what is now known as Johnson Township. In 1826 or 1827, the township was divided, that portion described as Township 3 and Range 13 being called Adams. On the north it is bounded by Logan County, on the eas£ by Harrison and Concord Townships, on the south by Johnson Township and on the west by Shelby County. It embraces an area of thirty square miles. The southern part of Adams is quite rolling, the land sloping gradually northward. Sections 29 and 36, in the southeast corner, are crossed by Mosquito Creek, whose waters expand in parts of both sections, forming a lake of some dimensions, fed in addition by a stream having its source in Section 18. Another stream has its source in the southern part of the township, and flows northward, crossing the township and entering Logan County. A few streams in the western part of minor importance complete the list.

Earliest Settlements

The dreary and altogether uninviting aspect of this township was the means of preventing permanent settlements for several years after the other sections of this county had been generally entered. The hunter often entered these precincts deserted by humanity, but his life was one of constant travel, and he remained long enough only to secure the game which he had pursued into the almost impenetrable forests. These forests abounded in game. Bear, deer, turkeys, squirrels and porcupines had been driven here from the surrounding country. As yet, the ax of the sturdy pioneer had not been uplifted against the trees of the forests ; no sign of human habitation was visible. The year 1811 marked the arrival of the first actual settler in the person of Asahel Wilkinson, a Virginian, who settled on Section 14. We will state in this connection that he was a great hunter, and paid for his land from the proceeds of furs taken from the game he killed. On his land were located sulphur springs, which were noted by the Indians as containing medicinal properties. The denizens of the forest often congregated here to heal their sick. They also indulged in shooting matches, generally selecting a spot in the vicinity of this spring. Upon Wilkinson's arrival, his cash possessions amounted to just $200 in silver. This money he secreted in a stump near the springs. This stump was selected for a target by the redskins during one of their expeditions. Mr. Wilkinson was absent from home, and Mrs. W. entertained fears that the money would he discovered and carried off by the " sharp-shooters," but fortunately her worst fears were not realized.

Six Indian families camped at this place on one occasion, including a "Big Medicine" man, whose wonderful cures attracted the settlers for miles around. On this farm was erected a block-house during the Indian troubles. Wilkinson was on friendly relations with a number of the savages, but was insecure from those unacquainted with him. The latter arranged to attack the settlers in this neighborhood on a certain night. Wilkinson was apprised of this intended massacre by some of his dusky friends, and with his neighbors and their families retreated to the fort. They remained there for several days, but their cabins remained unmolested ; the intended attack had been abandoned by its projectors.

We have carried the reader some five or six years beyond the era of the first settlement. Upon returning to the starting point, we find that Wilkinson was the only permanent resident up to 1812-13. At this time, Henry Ritter settled on Section 6, and proceeded to take preparatory steps requisite for its cultivation. Daniel Neal figures as the next man who settled here, he entering a portion of Section 36 in 1813. William McCrosky settled on Section 5 in 1816. One year later, George and Peter Halterman purchased one hundred and sixty acres on Section 18. Silas Johnson, with his son Walker, settled on part of Section 31 in 1818. James Russel left his home in the Sunny South (Virginia) and began clearing for a new home on Section 6. One Lee, also,, deserves recognition as an early settler. The foregoing constitute the arrivals for the ten years following the first settlement. The tide of immigration was slow, owing to the inferior advantages offered. The land was entered at $2 per acre, for which price much better localities could be secured.

Biographies Of Early And Prominent Settlers

Asahel Wilkinson was born in Harrison County, Va., on September 16, 1776. Nature had destined him for a hunter, as was seen by his constant trips to the woods in search of game. When quite young he was married to Charity Ragen. Up to the year 1811, their union had been blessed with four children - William, Mary, Thomas and Joseph. Making a living in Virginia was at that time a difficult task, and the outlook for the future was dark and gloomy. " Go to Ohio," was the favorite cry of the Virginians, and a number did go. Our friend Wilkinson had discussed the advisability of leaving his native soil for a new home in the Northwest, with his better-half. Visions of a home and luxury in the beautiful Ohio forests flitted before him, while the barren hills of Virginia promised only poverty and desolation for the future. In 1811, he came to a decision, and, accompanied by his family and several neighboring families, started on his journey.

A few days before they commenced their journey, one of their neighbors, who, with his family, intended to accompany them, became deranged with the thought that they would come to want in their new home. His insanity became violent, and, in the dead of the night, he murdered his wife and nine children. This did not deter the others, and, on the appointed day, they started, riding

When they came to Ohio the families separated, Wilkinson coming to this county. He entered 260 acres of Section 14, in what is now called Adams Township, paying for the land with the proceeds obtained through the sale of furs. Of the four children who came with him, three have gone on that long journey from whence no traveler returns. Joseph, the only surviving one, lives at Mechanicsburg, in this county. Henry H., born April 2, 1813, was the first white child born in the township.

Mrs. Wilkinson died in 1819, and, in 1821, Wilkinson married Nancy James. Of the first marriage, but two children, Joseph and Betsey (now Mrs. Cisco), are living, the latter just north of Careysville. From the second union, Asahel and James remain, both owning extensive farms in the township. During the first years of the township organization, Wilkinson was elected Constable. This position he held for fourteen years. By his death, which occurred February 23, 1861, Adams Township was bereft of her first settler and one of her most influential citizens.

Henry Ritter was a Kentuckian by birth. In the younger days of this century, he left the scenes of his childhood days for the then unsettled wilds of Ohio. Locating at Chillicothe, he remained in its immediate vicinity for several years. At the outbreak of the Indian war (1812) he took up arms against the enemies of his land, and, at its close, was appointed Captain, and stationed between Dayton and Cincinnati. He settled on the farm now owned by his son William (Section 6), in 1813. Originally he had intended to u Go West," but was struck by the many advantages offered by this country, and made it his permanent home. Shortly after, he was united in marriage to Elizabeth Harbor, who came to near Westville, this county, with the Halls - all hailing from Virginia. They occupied a small log cabin until 1835, when they erected the first brick in the township, the present residence. Nine children were born to them ; the following are still living : Harvey, who went to Missouri in 1856, and is now an extensive laud-holder in that State ; he is also the owner of several large flouring-mills. Jesse occupies a part of the home farm. William lives on the old homestead. Sarah resides in the State of Indiana.

Mr. Ritter held the position of Township Trustee for many years. His life was devoted to agriculture, and many farm implements were made by his own hand. He died in 1860, carrying with him the sorrow and regret of all who knew him.

In the year 1T73, Daniel Neal, perhaps the third settler of this township, was born in Maryland. A desire to better his financial condition and obtain a home, induced him to leave the land of his birth in 1801. We next find him in Virginia. Three years of Virginian experience satisfies the young man that wealth and luxury can never be obtained there. At a nominal cost a home is promised him in the Ohio Territory, to which place he now turns his steps. He squats on the eastern part of this county, where he remains ten years. In the meantime, he has taken unto himself a better half, and, with her and five children, settles on the northeast quarter of Section 36. This land he entered at Cincinnati, paying $2 per acre for it. At the organization of the township he was elected Trustee, and continued in office for a number of years. Though game was plentiful, it passed the door of his cabin unmolested, he being no nunter. This was the third farm cleared by him, but old age overtook him before the work was completed. In youth he had been deprived of the benefits of an education, and in after years took great care that his children should receive, at least, a good common-school education. He died in 1840 ; his wifesurvived twenty years after his death. They had seven children, most of whom have left this earth to join their parents in that better land. His son Daniel D. is the present owner of the "home farm."

William McCrosky, a native of Kentucky, at an early day proclaimed hi» opposition to slavery. This resulted only in the persecution of Mr. McCrosky. Finally, becoming disgusted with the inhuman treatment to which the negroes were subjected, he concluded to establish a new home. In 1816, he directed his steps Ohio-ward, and settled on Section 5, in this township, with his wife and several children, entering the land at the Cincinnati Land Office, and paying $2 per acre for it. He endured all the privations common in the early days of a new country, and was gathered to the home of his fathers in 1856. He was one of the first Trustees elected in the township. His son Samuel yet lives on the home farm. He is enjoying good health, and takes an active interest in the political affairs of his country, being a stanch and uncompromising Democrat. One brother and several sisters are scattered in various parts of the West.

George Halterman came to this township September, 1817, from Virginia, with his brother Peter, and entered eighty acres on Section 18, and his brother also entered the same number of acrfs. He rode the long distance on horseback. Until 1821, he engaged in clearing his land. He married Elizabeth Rexroth, of Virginia, in 1818. She did not follow her husband immediately, contenting herself with his occasional visits. In 1821, Halterman carried his wife and one child (Ella) bo their new home. His wife died in 1838, and he married again. He never desired office, but confined himself solely to the interests of his farm. His death occurred in 1867. Of the children born to him, Samuel resides at Careysville ; Isaac on the old homestead ; Lewis in Indiana. Several daughters are living in the West. He as well as his children were considered Christian men and women, enjoying the confidence and esteem of all who knew them. Those yet living have never committed an act of which they are ashamed, or which would blot the record of the family.

Silas Johnson was born in the latter half of the eighteenth century, and participated in the Revolutionary war as a spy. In January, 1803, he and his family bade farewell to Kentucky, their native State, and settled near what is now known as Millerstown, in this county. Two years later, when the land was surveyed, it was discovered that this land belonged to a section originally laid off for school purposes. Johnson was, therefore, compelled to change his location, and removed to the present Brubaker farm in Johnson Township. Both of these lands were entered by him. The latter township was named after him, retaining his name to this day. In the fall of 1818, he removed to Section 31, in this township, where he passed the remainder of his days in peace and quiet. His marriage was blessed with seven children, four sons and three daughters. Silas died in this county, Charles in Shelby County, and James near Indianapolis, Ind. He died in 1819 at nearly sixty years of age.

Walker Johnson was born in Fayette County, Ky., August 23, 1787, and came to this township with his father, at whose death he retained the home lands. He was married to Sarah McCrosky April 15, 1824. Of the eight offsprings of this union, five are yet living - James, who inherited a part of the farm ; Eliza, who married Howell Newcomb, and resides in this township ; Mary married Truma French, and possesses a part of the lands entered by her grandfather; Lydia, now Mrs, Joseph Stephenson, inherited a part of the farm ; Sarah is unmarried. His wife is yet living. He was a devout Christian, and a prominent member of the Presbyterian Church at Spring Hill. In the declining years of his life he became a member of the United Brethren Church, which was more accessible on account of the short distance from his house. Of this church he was a member until his death, which occurred January 23, 1870. Father and son are buried in a mound just opposite the residence of James Johnson. "Auntie " Rebecca Johnson is yet living at the advanced age of eighty-three years ; is unmarried.

Elihu Woolley was born in New Jersey, in 1789. Left in 1814, and settled in Butler County, this State. lie left the latter place in 1836, settling in this township. He took unto himself, " for better or worse," Miss Ellen Conover in 1810 or 1811. He died in 1855 ; his wife in 1871. Of eight children, but one resides in the township, at present, Charles C. This gentleman has been Township Trustee for twenty years, is an active member of the United Brethren Church, and his hospitality is unbounded. He resides on part of Section 36, in the western part of the township.

William Calland, Sr., was born March 8, 1784, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland. It was his misfortune to be born of a race that was poor and needy, with no prospect of future elevation. But, " where there's a will, there's a way." With wife and three children, he set sail for America in 1817, determined to leave forever the scenes of oppression and tyranny. The trip over the great deep was of three month's duration. They landed at Philadelphia, and came to Columbia, on the Susquehanna, in the autumn of the same year. Here they wintered, Mr. Calland working for a boot and shoe firm (he was a shoemaker), and Mrs. Calland binding shoes for the same firm. In the spring of 1818, he purchased a horse and wagon to remove their goods, consisting of one chest, weighing 900 pounds, and one of less weight, containing provisions. They crossed the mountains, Mrs, C. carrying her infant child in her arms during the entire journey, and settled in Noble County, this State, where they resided eleven years. They came to this township in 1829, and settled on Section 14. Nine children were born to them, of whom six survive. Mr. Calland accumulated considerable property, a portion of which is still owned by his posterity. Three of his sons - Samuel, Joseph and Gershom - are extensive landholders in this township, and enjoy the reputation of being honest and Christian-like in their demeanor. William resides in Harrison Township. The father left for "that better land" January 8, 1864; his wife followed March 15, 1869. Recently, his posterity had reached 110 - 82 dead - a very good showing. Politically, he was a firm Abolitionist, having cast his ballot for the first candidate of that complexion ever presented to the voters of this township.

Philip Dick with his wife Nancy, left Virginia in 1822, and settled in Pickaway County. Leaving there in 1831, they removed to Section 13, where he died in 1872, at eighty-two years of age ; his wife is still living. His sons, Elisha and A. W. Dick, own large farms with handsome dwellings in the township.

Samuel Iluling came from Rockingham County, Va., in 1839 or 1840, with his wife Catherine, and several children. Purchased 158 acres of Section 30, of which twenty-five acres only were in a state of cultivation. He died in 1849 ; his wife in 1856. They had three children - James, living on the old homestead ; Henry, living east of Careysville ; Samuel, who resides on Stone Creek, Logan County, Ohio.

Isaac Curl first saw the light of day at the beginning of the nineteenth century. At eighteen years of age, he left his native land (Virginia) and took up his residence in Clark County, Ohio. After residing there a few years, he removed to this township on the farm now owned by his son Lewis. He was elected Trustee for a number of years, dying after a residence in the township of thirty years. His sons, Lewis and Isaac, own some of the most desirable lands, and are considered good citizens.

G. W. Baker, one of the wealthiest and most influential Germans in the township, is a native of Lothringen, Germany. He was a soldier in the German National Guard for seven years. Out of his salary, he saved enough to permit him to cross the deep Atlantic for America. Accordingly, he started in 1849, landing at New Orleans the same year. One year later, he came to this county, and about 1 854, purchased from one Corry, a quarter of Section 26, about fift.y acres of which were in a state of cultivation. At first, himself and wife - Miss Sophia Shanely, to whom he was married in 1850 - lived in a miserable log hut, whose many crevices exposed them to the cruel blasts of winter storms. As soon as he felt sufficiently able, a rude frame was erected. His present commodious residence was built in 1865. By his economical mode of liying and persevering industry, he has accumulated several farms, aggregating 380 acres in all. He is no office-seeker. They have had two children, both married; John resides with his father; Mary is now Mrs. Pickering.

John Shafer was born in Egtertingen, Wurtemberg, in the year 1815. In 1846 he was married to Catherine Howalt. 4With wife and three children - Ludwig, Barbara and Christiana - he left for America in 1852. After a sojourn on the great deep of forty-two days, they landed in New York. At Buffalo, death carried off their daughter Christiana, inflicting a deep wound in the hearts of the weary travelers. Coming directly to this county, they purchased a part of Section 15, in Adams Township. Several children were added to the household, most of whom reside in this immediate vicinity. Mr. and Mrs. Shafer have been members of the German Evangelical Lutheran Church from early childhood. They are now connected with the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Sidney, and although the distance is ten miles, they attend regularly. Their farm and household verifies the old adage, " cleanliness is next to godliness."

Additional Settlements

Scarcely any land was purchased and cleared during the time intervening between 1820 and 1826. From 1826 to 1830, settlements were made by Isaac Curl, William Calland, Sr., Newcomb, Clark, Hall, Remley, Espy, Levi Valentine, Shanely, McAlexander and William Terrel. During the years 1827 to 1837 came Jasper Scott, Stephenson, Speece, Henry Wilson, Christian Hurst, E. Martz, William Lichliter, J. R. Sanderson, E. Sargent, C. C. Woolley. From that period to 1850, John Schaefer, F. M. Lemon, John Robinson, Z. P. Zayre, H. B. Persinger, Elisha Yost, John Hoover and George Stable took upHheir residence. During the ten years following came John Blose, Peter Weimer, R. H. Pickering and D. Clark. But few new-comers can be recorded since that time, most of the present inhabitants being old settlers or their descendants.

Because of an incomplete system of drainage, the low lands of Adams consisted mainly of swamps and marshes. Owing to this circumstance, most of our pioneers settled on high lands. These lands are now the most productive, are sufficiently drained to prevent an overflow, and in the lowest fields are produced mors crops in proportion than in the elevated lands. Large bowlders are found on every farm ; many are removed each year, and used in the construction of fences. To a certain extent, these obstacles to cultivation existed in pioneer times. Various annoyances common tq a newly settled country appeared on all sides.

One reason for the apparently slow tide of immigration may be of interest : Prior to 1830, roads existed only in name. When William Calland, Sr., came with his family, in 1829, his only road from Spring Hills to his section was through a so-called "blazed" path, out of which had been cut the underbrush, to guide the traveler. Bridges were comparatively unknown. These difficult modes of ingress and egress were among the inconveniences suffered by the pioneer.

Sandusky City, on Lake Erie^ distant about one hundred miles, was the nearest trading-point. Accordingly, journeys were made to this point several times in each year. A wagon, containing wheat and provisions, was pulled by four horses. At night, they were unhitched and provided with food, while the fired driver retired to rest, covered by the blue sky, and often having a alone for a pillow. The trips generally occupied ten days. The return was hailed joy, for indispensable articles, and frequently letters from distant friends, were brought. Urbana, and Sidney (Logan County) then had no railroads, and were considered poor trading towns. The soil was new, the yield of wheat, therefore, was trivial, and twelve or fifteen bushels to the acre was considered a good crop. The sickle was the only "harvesting machine" for a number of years. When the "cradle" was introduced, it was generally believed that only experienced persons, of a scientific turn, could make practical use of them.

The sociability existing between the neighbors, in the younger days of this republic, should cause the selfish and aristocratic society of the present day to blush with shame. Did they hear of a sick friend, how eager were they to hasten to the bedside of the afflicted, doing all they could to relieve his sufferings. Was he, in spite of all human assistance, folded in the icy embrace of death, how soon did sympathizing friends flock to the home of the bereft relatives, pouring in their ears words of comfort and consolation. And who, of our older citizens, does not remember the many gatherings, combining pleasure with profit ? The "log-rollings," " corn-huskings," "spinnings" and other vocations of a like nature are a favorite theme for conversation with the older class even unto this day. The hunter divided his game equally among his friends, and, in turn, was always assured of a hearty welcome, did he wish to rest, during the day or night. Mr. Gershom Calland well remembers the shooting of a deer by Asahel Wilkinson, near his present residence, and the presentation of a portion of the flesh to Calland's father, although it occurred fifty years ago.

The year 1829 found the township comparatively unimproved. Here and there was an occasional spot of ground on which was erected a cabin to enliven the dreary surroundings. The pioneer came here without money, assistance or "farming machinery," and how could it be otherwise? From 1835 to 1845, the country became animated. Forests gave way to the " fields of golden grain ; " log cabins succumbed to frame structures. Trips to Sandusky City were abandoned, Urbana being at that time the chief trading-point. In 1835, William Ritter erected a brick dwelling-house, the first in the township. Since that time, the citizens of Adams have been indefatigable workers, with encouraging results. Numerous brick mansions now grace the farms of the enterprising inhabitants, some of them costing from $4,000 to $5,000.

The mediums of travel, for many years, were insufficient, even after the blazed road gave way to the despised " mud roads," now rapidly disappearing- The latter proved insufficient, also, and graveled roads or pikes were agitated. To this a general objection was raised, because of the scarcity of gravel. Subsequently, it was discovered that the removal of several feet of the surface brought to view an endless mass of gravel. From this unlimited supply several pikes were constructed at once, and an additional avenue of prosperity opened. The road improvements at present are complete. The township is crossed by six substantial pikes, passable at all seasons. The few remaining dirt roads are rapidly being converted into more convenient thoroughfares. It' is estimated that no house is situated a greater distance than one-fourth mile from any one pike.

Religious Matters

Possibly the greatest sacrifice made by our forefathers was their compulsatory desertion of the mother church. Reared in the arms of religion from infancy, accustomed to meet with others to " Praise God from whom all mercies flow," how heart-rending was the thought that these pleasures must be denied them. The good and pious servant of God, who had administered spiritual aid and consolation for " lo ! these many days," must be separated from them forever ; the dear old house of worship, whose doors had ever been open to receive them, was soon to be entered for the last time. Oh ! how gloomy the future seemed to appear. Alone in a wilderness, as they must be ; how their hearts were made sad at the thought. But behind these dark clouds appears one ray of sunshine. The dear old family Bible, which has so often comforted them, will accompany them on their long and tedious journey. And so it was, though tired and worn out from the weary labors of the day, it was ever a pleasure to consult the many lessons taught in holy writ, and invoke divine aid for the arduous duties of the future. The Sabbath Day was considered a day of rest, and, although the family could not repair to an aristocratic church " around the corner," yet did they have the means of home worship. Then came a change - the long deserted neighborhood was now showing signs of a new life ; a steady stream of human beings was pouring in on the wilderness. Here and there strange faces were visible; new cabins were being erected on all sides. The new-comers brought with them peace and good-will ; a ripe friendship soon existed between the settlers. And now it is proposed that religious meetings be held, alternately, at the different homes ; a society is organized, meetings are held regularly, and thus is the Gospel introduced into the wilds of Champaign County.

Perhaps the first minister who proclaimed glad tidings to the eager listeners was one Picard, a Methodist, generally termed a missionary - circuit preachers made their appearance some years after. The first church organization was effected in 1829; a Methodist Society was formed a Curl's Schoolhouse, on Section 15. The first Presbyterian sermon was preached at this place, in the same year, by a missonary named Joseph Stephenson. After this period, both denominations occupied the schoolhouse. The first church was erected by the United Brethren in 1832 - a log structure, probably twenty feet square. These organizations proved to be the foundation for the United Brethren, one Christian, one Methodist and one German Baptist Church now located in the township. The first Sunday school was organized at Curl's Schoolhouse, in 1829. George McPherson was appointed Superintendent ; Joseph Alexander, Assistant Superintendent.

Antioch United Brethren Qhurch was organized, about 1854, by James Wilkinson. In the same year, a building was erected on the Russel farm, Section 6, and dedicated in the fall of that year by William Miller. At its organization the society consisted of fifteen members. The society is in a prosperous condition.

The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1860, Rev. Good being the first minister. In 1861, a frame building, 85x46 feet, was erected,, which is still occupied by the society. When the society was formed, its total membership did not exceed twenty-five. It has since increased to seventy-five. Present minister, Rev. Philip Leemaster. A Sabbath school-has been in existence since 1860. The total membership at present may be estimated at sixty ; G. G. Burdette, Superintendent.

Union United Brethren Church. - This society was formed in 1832 ; erecting a log building, they held service in the same until 1850, when the present, frame building was constructed. The present congregation consists of about fifty members; William Miller, Pastor. Sabbath school organized in 1865« Present membership, one hundred ; Mrs. Fatima Shanely, Superintendent.

The German Baptist Church, located on the farm of Christian Hurst* was built in 1874. The building is a neat frame structure, dimensions. 26x36, and was erected at a cost of $600. Revs. Ephraim Clopper and Jonathan Yoder and some thirty members conducted the dedicatory exercises. The membership has increased to forty. Jonathan Yoder, David Studabaker* Joseph Landers and John Buechler are the present ministers.

Prior to 1820, the youth of this township enjoyed no educational facilities* but grew up in comparative ignorance. Settling in a new country required diligent and unceasing labor ; therefore, years passed by without any advancements, intellectually. At last the pioneers realized that, to keep pace with the surrounding country, and to prevent their children from growing up in ignorance and vice, they must take the proper steps to accord them the essential instruction. In 1820 or 1821, the first log schoolhouse, with all the u ancient conveniences," such as puncheon floors, papered windows, etc., was erected on the Ritter tract, in Section 6. Samuel Bates, who combined the duties of the pedagogue with those of the farmer, was the first teacher, receiving $2 per scholar. It is said, that his attainments were rather limited ; and yet they proved ample for the demands of that day. Some three or four years after the inauguration' of the first schoolmaster, another schoolhouse was built in the northwestern part of the township. In 1829, there were four school districts - two had buildings. Now there are seven districts, all of which boast of a good substantial frame building. The Careysville District has been graded and two buildings erected. Under careful management, the course of education is making rapid progress - another evidence of universal prosperity.

Early Manufactories

For years, the absence of mills for the grinding of grist and sawing of timber proved a source of much inconvenience. Raising the wheat and corn required days of toil and care, but, after harvesting the crop, it was also necessary that it be ground for family use. At first, the grain was hauled to the-

Governor Vance" mill at Urbana, or to the mill owned by F. B. Miller, on Mad River. In 1831, Joseph Eiker supplied a want long felt by building a corn-cracker " on Mosquito Creek, Section 29. The next mill was put up

These were all moved by water-power. The water has since been utilized for agricultural purposes. There is at this writing no flouring-mill in the township.

For the convenience of the pioneers, one Coverston conducted a tannery on Section 29, in 1829. This institution has gone to decay with the other early manufactories. They proved of indispensable service to the welfare of the pioneer, and are held in fcacred memory by the survivors, but now they are -obsolete.

Mechanically, Adams is making but little effort for advancement. This we attribute to the lack of water-power, arid to the undeniable fact that her agricultural interests are a source of more profit.

As has been stated, this township originally was embraced in Johnson Township. In 1826 or 1827, a division was made and an election for officers was lield. The early records are extinct, and we can mention but few of the first officers, obtained through tradition only. Samuel McCrosky (still living) was one of the first Trustees. One Newcomb obtained notoriety as a splendid penman, he being the choice of the people for Clerk. Jacob Covestone was the first person to enjoy the envied title of Squire. Below will be found a list of the principal officers from 1851 to 1880 :

Justices of the Peace since 1851 - Samuel Bowersock, Jacob Stayman, Jesse C. Stanton, T. N. Walton, J. M. Kirby, Erastus Martz, I. Carey, John L.. Bodey.

Every section of country, inhabited by the human race, must have its trading-point. In this progressive age, a co-operation must exist between the representatives of the business and agriculture of the community. The good citizens of Adams realized that the founding of a village was essential, did they wish to enjoy prosperity in the future. Heretofore, it had been necessary to travel to Sidney or Urbana in order to purchase the most trivial article of wear, or even the necessaries of daily life. An entire day was consumed in traveling to and from the towns just mentioned, and much valuable time was lost. To Calvin Carey belongs the honor of overcoming this difficulty. In 1833, he laid out the northeast corner of Section 29 into town lots, and placed them on sale. Soon after, William Valentine purchased the lot now owned by C. W. Martz, and erected a house thereon. This house, built of logs, contained two stories, and was " raised " by the united efforts of the entire neighborhood. John Beatty erected the next building, on the lot now in the possession of Sarah D. Seely. The first brick residence was built by Robert R. Green ; it has since heen converted into a tavern. Lewis Ward is the present owner. From this time on, the growth in population was steadily on the increase, and it is impossible to trace the individual settlers as they came in and filled up the remaining lots.

A tannery was opened for business in 1837, and was the first manufacturing establishment within the town limits. This tannery was owned and managed by a colored individual named Benjamin Wilson, who was considered an honest man in all that the word implies. He continued in business for a number of years, nntil his institution succumbed to the inevitable fate in store for the many establishments of auld lang syne. Wilson has also departed from the scenes of this life, but is represented by his posterity, who are yet living in the village. No village is able to dispense with the services of the blacksmith, and this was the case also in the settlement of this village. Accordingly, a knight of the anvil and bellows, named Holden, built a small shop, on the site where John O'Leary's blacksmith-shop now stands, and supplied himself with the necessary tools. He never sulfered for the want of patronage, and, by industry and fair dealing, won the patronage and confidence of the community.

Trenton

was the name at first applied to the village. When application was made to the Government for the establishment of a post office, it was discovered that another town of the same name was located in this State. The village was then re-christened Careysville, undoubtedly with the object of keeping green the memory of its original owner, Calvin Carey.

In 1840, the political excitement was at its highest degree. The Whig element prevailed in Harrison Township ; this and Johnson Township were overwhelmingly Democratic. Representatives of both parties held a meeting at Careysville on the same day. The Harrison Township Whigs placed on a wagon a "buckeye cabin," and entered the town with great eclat. Much illfeeling existed between the representatives of the twro parties. Speeches were made by one Hays on behalf of the Whigs, while Democratic principles were expounded by one Hamilton. During the time occupied by the latter the excitement became intense. The crowed whooped and yelled, completely drowning the remarks made by the speaker. The buckeye cabin was thrown from the wagon and completely demolished. A hand-to-hand conflict was the result. During the melee clubs and stones were used freely. Several persons were wounded ; some seriously, none mortally. The Whigs finally retreated, and the battle was ended.

During the political campaign of 1863, a Republican meeting was held at Careysville. The speaker, one Shafer, not only denounced some of the citizens, but ridiculed them personally in the presence of an immense concourse of people. The assaulted portion of the community became indignant ; threatening demonstrations were made, and the peace of the village was endangered. The excitement continued for several days ; numerous encounters took place. One man was shot, but not fatally. The Republicans commanded all loyalists to hang out a flag, threatening to destroy by fire all houses that were not designated as loyal by the stars and stripes. A company of "home guards" was ordered to the scene. After making several arrests, the rioters were subdued, and, in time, the affair was forgotten.

The lack of a requisite number of inhabitants to incorporate a town has prevented the citizens from establishing a municipal government. For many years, this has been a serious obstacle to the advancement of the village. There is not a dram-shop within its borders, and yet Careysville is often the scene of drunken carousals. The town is frequently visited by the neighboring roughs, who obtain liquor from the surrounding towns, and annoy the law-abiding and temperate citizens of the community. There is no one to prevent their boisterous conduct, and, until placed on an equal footing with towns enjoying the benefits of a local government, this village must submit to any and all intrusion. The population at present may be estimated at 150. The enterprising citizens have made repeated efforts to obtain railroad connection with the outside world. The grading for a narrow-gauge railroad from Urbana (Columbus k Northwestern Railroad) has been commenced. At present the enterprise is partly abandoned ; but the good people of Careysville are not in despair, and hope for the ultimate construction of the road. Should this be accomplished, the most sanguine expectations of the people will certainly be realized.

United Brethren Qhurch. - Rev. William Miller organized the society in 1848. Following are the names of the charter members : John and Eva Rusk, Mary Halterman, Allen Halter, Mercy Halterman, John G. and Susan Wilkinson. Shortly after its organization the society erected a frame structure, 40x46, with a seating capacity of 500. The church has increased in numbers, and is in a prosperous condition. A cupola is being added to the roof and the interior repainted and remodeled. Services are held every three weeks. Officers : Pastor, William Miller ; Class-leaders, Lewis Shafer, Charles Steward, William Ward; Trustees, William Ward, John Heaton, John Rusk; Circuit Clerk, Mr. Valentine.

A Sunday school was organized in 1848. John Rusk was elected Superintendent, which office he has held most of the time since. The membership has increased from thirty-five to one hundred and fifteen. The school meets every Sunday during the summer months. Officers: John Rusk, Superintendent; Mrs. Eliza N. Moak, Assistant Superintendent ; Samuel Huling, Secretary ; Dr. Hunt, Treasurer.

Christian Church. - Rev. Justus T. Hunt, while on a visit to Careysville in 1852, was requested to conduct religious services at a private house in the village on the following Sabbath. The reverend gentleman, fearing that the effort would not be crowned with success, did not acquiesce very readily. His objections were overcome, however, and the announcement that there would be preaching at the residence of Samuel Bowersock was circulated among the people. At the stated time, Mr. Hunt made his appearance at the house of Mr. Bowersock, now owned by L. Ward, and was greeted by an audience of twenty-four. Another meeting was appointed to be held at the same place on a certain Sunday in August of the same year. On this occasion the audience was found to be too large to admit the holding of services at the house of Mr. Bowersock, and an adjournment was made to the woods. During the following winter months, Rev. Hunt conducted protracted meetings, with encouraging results. In the summer of 1853, an organization was effected by Rev. Hunt and Joseph Warrington, and the following persons yet living : Benjamin H. Martz, Samantha Martz, David Conner and wife, Samuel Halterman, Elizabeth Halterman, Elizabeth Cisco, Maria Woodward, Elizabeth Halterman. The

HISTORY OF CHAMPAIGN COUNTYsociety proceeded at once to make arrangements for the erection of a suitablehouse of worship ; and, at the end of the year, the house, a frame structure, 44x 36, was ready for occupancy. Rev. Hunt was duly called to occupy the pulpit. Excepting an interval of seven years, Rev. Hunt has been the minister. Recently he was compelled, because of poor health, to tender his resignation, which was reluctantly accepted by the congregation. He has been an indefatigable worker in the church, and to his personal efforts is due the credit for the present excellent condition of the affairs of the church. Benjamin Martz has been Deacon since the church was organized. Present membership, 120. E.

Business Interests

Deprived until now of all railroad communication, it is a self-evident fact that Careysville must of necessity be a poor business center. A saw-mill, erected by James Huling, in 1867, is the only manufacturing institution of any prominence. We append the representatives of the various business interests.*:

Dry goods, provisions, etc., John L. Bodey ; groceries, E. F. Terrel; wagon-making, John Miller ; blacksmithing, John O'Leary ; furniture and undertaking, Hensler & Bodey; saddlery and harness, S. M. Seely; boots and shoes, E. B. Sturm; physician, H. B. Hunt; stock, etc., Lewis Ward ; saw-mill, James Huling; contractors and builders, S. Halterman, John Van Horn and William Scott.

Tawana Lodge, No. 258, I. 0. 0. F.

Organized at Palestine. Headquarters were established in this village, and the society removed here in 1874 and erected a suitable building, the upper story of which is used for lodge purposes.

The Township Trustees, in 1878, purchased ten acres of the land just south of Careysville, and surveyed it into burying-lots. Much objection was raised against the appropriation of the public funds for this purpose, but the majority ruled, and, in accordance with their wishes, the grounds were improved and opened for the reception of the dead, into which all are received on equal terms.

This is the smallest township in the county, and embraces twenty-four square ' miles. It is located as Township 4, in Range 13, including one tier of sections in Range 12. It is bounded on the north by Logan County, on the east by Salem Township, on the south by Concord Township, on the west by Adams Township.

Glady's Creek is formed by two streams, having their respective sources in Sections 9 and 15, and uniting in Section 8. The stream runs in a southern direction, crossing the entire township. Muddy Creek has its origin in Section 36, and flows southward. The northwestern corner is crossed by Emery's and Lee's Creeks. Thus is a complete drainage afforded every section in the township.

The soil is about an average in fertility. The land, however, is being rapidly improved, with promising Vesults. Special attention is given to the cultivation of fruit, many farms being dotted with apple, peach and pear trees. Farms are small ; the average number of acres to the farm is eighty. As a natural consequence, more careful attention is given to their cultivation. The surface in the northwestern portion of the township is rolling ; the remainder is level or undulating. Aside from the streams already mentioned, a plentiful supply of water is furnished by the many springs distributed in the various parts.

The agricultural advantages offered the seekers of homes were, in this township, equal at least to those of the surrounding country ; wild game, the flesh of which was the chief subsistence of the pioneer, abounded ; the numerous springs promised an ample supply of water to man and beast, and its distant location from any populated region, notwithstanding settlements were made in the younger days of the nineteenth century. Tradition, the only source of pioneer information, unfortunately furnishes but a meager account of the deeds and doings of Harrison's earliest settlers. From the most authentic sources, we have compiled the following history of the

In or about the year 1803, a solitary young man, accompanied only (we believe by the faithful horse he was riding, left the State of Virginia, purely through a spirit of adventure, and, crossing the waters of the Ohio, entered the Buckeye State. His saddle-bags were filled with white seed corn, which was dropped on the (blazed) wayside as he rode along. To him is attributed the introduction of white seed corn into the Western soil, and the name of Fuson corn has become a household word in every Western State of the Union.

Fuson came to Champaign County jn 1804, and entered a part of Section 24 in this township in 1808. History records him as the first white man who settled in Harrison Township. He was elected Trustee at the first Township election, and was continued in that office for a number of years. He was a zealous worker, all enterprising citizen and a kind neighbor. Of the children (we could not learn the date of marriage or maiden name of wife), the following are living :

Lucinda married John Terrel, and resides in Missouri ; William resides in California; James resides in Iowa; John is a resident of Indiana; Jeremiah has taken up his abode in Missouri. Hannah married Alexander Pitman ; after his death she married Ebenezer Pitman, whom she survives also ; she is living in this township. Artie married - - - Burke, living in the West; Celia (now Mrs. - - Speece) resides in the West.

Fuson's wife died while he was yet in the vigor of manhood. He was united in marriage, some time after the death of his wife, to Jane Johnson. Of this marriage, the following children, yet living, were born :

Philander, in the Far West ; Million resides in Concord Township ; Minerva (now Mrs. Morris) lives in Logan County ; Milton lives in his native township ; Delia married John Kiser; both are residents of this township; Dora (wife of David S. Kene) lives in Bellefontaine.

Ralph Robinson, the second settler, was a Virginian. He entered a part of Section 25 in 1809, and immediately commenced the difficult task of clearing For some time he enjoyed a life of single blessedness, but finally took unto himself a wife in the person of Miss Hannah Conklin. It is probable that this was the first marriage solemnized in the township. The birthplace of the bride, and!

the day and date of the marriage, remain in total obscurity. The union proved to be a happy one, and assisted in populating the country. Of the children yet remaining, Sallie, widow of George Pine, resides in Adams Township. William is a prominent and wealthy citizen of the State of Iowa ; Ellen married William Calland, and resides on the " home farm ; " Eliza is a resident of Iowa ; Isaac lives in Iowa. Mr. Robinson lived a life of usefulness and was gathered to the home of his fathers in 1854.

William Wilson was born in the County Tyrone, Parish Cappia, Ireland, in 1780. At the age of thirteen, he emigrated to this country with his father, James, and uncle Charles. While on the briny deep, the Captain of the vessel became a victim of that dread disease, the measles, and was unable to take charge of the ship's affairs. During his sickness, a mutinous plot wTas arranged by the seamen, which bade fair to end in bloodshed. The passengers were in a continual state of apprehension, hourly expecting a general uprising of the sailors. The timely recovery of the Captain subdued his men, and no further attempts were made. July, 1794, they landed at Philadelphia, and, fearful of becoming victims of the yellow fever prevailing in that city, they removed to the country at once. In the following spring they removed to Virginia. William wTas married to Rebecca Humphreys, in 1805 or 1806. In the year 1807, the party again made preparations for a journey, Ohio being their objective point. They squatted in Clark County, near Springfield, where they resided four years. In 1811, they once more bid adieu to the surroundings and removed to Section 12 of this township, now the property of William Speece. No reason is given for the many unsuccessful attempts to become permanent settlers, but they were undoubtedly dissatisfied with the general surroundings. Removing to Clark County, they remained there until 1616, when they returned to this township and settled on Section 13, near the present homestead ; here they ended their days. Mr. Wilson and his posterity have taken an active interest in the general affairs of public interest. Mr. W., during the wTar of 1812, was detailed to guard the block-house on the lands of Ralph Robinson, of which mention will be made hereafter, and otherwise assisted in defending his fellowsettlers. His father died in 1824, he in 1832, his wife in 1848. Of his descendants, Mary, born March 13, 1807, in Virginia, is unmarried and lives on the old homestead; James, born June 5, 1811, lives on the section, just north of the homestead ; Andrew, born December 3, 1813, lives on the northeast quarter of Section 19 ; William, born February 1, 1818, now resides in Ada, Hardin County, Ohio ; Margaret, born June 3, 1820, is unmarried, and resides on the home farm ; John H., born February 28, 1825, died a few years ago. He was a prominent politician, and held the office of Township Treasurer a number of years. Was somewhat eccentric in his habits, but withal an honest and upright citizen. He never married.

This sketch was obtained through an interview with the Misses Mary and Margaret Wilson. These ladies, though they have long passed the meridian of life, are still blessed with excellent memories. To their courteous answers to our many inquiries, we are indebted for most of the pioneer history of this township.

Jeptha Terrell was born in Virginia in the year 1776. He married Miss Sarah Barnes, of that State, in 18 - . They came to this county in 1811, and settled on Buck Creek. On March 2, 1812, they removed to Section 32 in this township, now owned by Timothy Terrell. Of the twelve children born to this couple, but one remains on the homestead. Timothy was born June 28,

1797, and came to this township with his parents. He held the office of Justice of the Peace for a number of years, and performed the arduous duties of that office to the satisfaction of all. He is now in his eighty-fourth year, has

Joseph Wilson was born in Washington, Penn., on February 24, 1792. In 1817, he emigrated to this county, settling on Section 27 in this township. The farm on which he settled is at present occupied by Miles Wilson. He was married to Eleanor Fullerton in 1816, who was his faithful companion until they were separated by that grim monster, death. Mrs. Wilson died on July himself another companion - Amanda Spencer, with whom he lived happily for more than a quarter of a century. His wife died in 1862, he in 1866. He and his wives were consistent members of the Presbyterian Church, earnest and devout Christians, and have gone to a better land, where pain and sorrow are unknown. Mr. Wilson was the father of sixteen children ; twelve are yet living, viz.: Miles and Joseph, residing on the home farm ; Henry, residing in Adams Township ; Ebenezer, residing in Concord Township ; Dr. J. F. lives at Spring Hills ; Sallie married Jacob Mellhorn ; David is a resident of Springfield ; Clark, Thomas and H. P. are citizens of Missouri; Nancy married David Stryer, now living in Iowa ; Ella married J. B. Armstrong, residing at Santa Rose, Cal.; Ella, now Mrs. Cory, living at Muncie, Ind.

As another old settler of prominence, we present the name of J ohn Taylor, who located here at about the same time with Wilson. He married Miss Jane Yance, a sister of Gov. Vance. Of his children, Samuel is President of the National Bank at West Liberty ; Oliver is President of the First National Bank jit Urbana.

Elijah T. Davis, a Kentuckian, came from Kentucky in 1815. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Yance, of Kentucky. They had but three children - Benjamin, Sallie and Rachel, all dead. Davis died in 1840. Benjamin Davis was born in Kentucky in 1804, and came to this township with his parents. With Peggy Wilson, he entered the state of matrimony in 1827. Their marriage bliss was of short duration, Mrs. Davis dying in 1831. In 1833, he was united to Sarah Risor, who died in 1864. Davis was Justice of the Peace for a period of thirty-eight years, excepting one term, in which he was elected County Commissioner. It is said that he never paid fees to witnesses from his private funds, but kept the private and public funds separate from each other. This course he pursued as long as in office. His legal decisions were rendered with a degree of fairness, and never failed to give satisfaction. He was universally esteemed as a citizen and neighbor. By his death, which occurred in 1873, Harrison Township wTas deprived of one of her most prominent inhabitants, whose memory is as a shining light to future generations.

Thomas Daniels was a very early settler. He entered a part of Section 19 in 1810. This farm is still occupied by his son Perry, an enterprising farmer.

Jacob Sarver was born in Virginia in 1779. In 1802, he married Miss Nancy Robinson, a native of the State of Pennsylvania. They were married at what is now known as Buck Creek, in this county. The time of his arrival in this township cannot be definitely ascertained ; perhaps he came as early as 1808. Unquestionably, he was one of the first settlers. He died in 1844. His wife departed from this life in 1872 at the advanced age of ninety-six years. His son Jacob still resides on the old homestead, southeast quarter of Section 25. He has added many improvements to the farm. At present he is dealing largely in imported cattle. Through his personal efforts, many of the surrounding fanners have introduced a superior quality of stock on their lands.

Peter Speece came from Virginia in 1814, and settled on Section 25, where William Calland now resides. Jacob Sarver drove to Virginia with horses and wagon to remove Speece and his family with their household goods to this place. For his services he received as compensation a neighbor and friend. Of his children, William, who resides on Section 30, is the only one living in the township. William was married in 1825. He related to us that on his wedding day his sole assets amounted to 50 cents. He is now one of the wealthiest men in the county.

William Jones came to Ohio from Virginia, in 1816, and settled in Clark County. In 1827, he and family removed to Harrison Township, settling on that part of Section 24 now occupied by John Kiser. When they left the South, their outfit consisted of a wagon valued at $8, and a horse which was bought for $10. Mr. Jones was compelled to walk most of the way. Their children, of necessity, went barefooted from one end of the year to the other. By careful and economical living and honest labor, Mr. Jones had accumulated $20,000 at the time" of his decease. His children are dispersed in several of the Western States, and live happy and contented.

Ebenezer McDonald, a Virginian, and an old-time Abolitionist, came to this county in 1810. In 1818, he was united with Miss Anna Kelly, at the residence of the bride's father, David Kelly, near Mount Tabor Church, in this county. They located in this township in 1820-25, on that part of Section 9 now occupied by their son John. A portion of the original cabin is still standing. Ten children were born to this couple, most of whom are yet among the living. McDonald has been dead for some time; his wife is living at West Liberty.

William Kinnan, an extensive stock-dealer and producer of fine wool, purchased his farm in 1863. He owns an extensive farm, which is well cultivated.

William Kirkwood came here with his wife in 1817, from Kentucky. His father, David, a native of Ireland and a participant in the Revolutionary war, came with them also. They settled on a part of Section 3, and erected the log house yet occupied by his son David, who was born in 1818. William died in 1849 ; his wife did not follow him until 1870.

George Leonard, a Virginian, came to this county in 1805, and settled in Salem Township. Here he remained until 1839, when he removed to near Spring Hills, this township, locating on the farm now the property of Christ Myers. He was a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a stanch Christian, and a good man. His son, Dr. Benjamin Leonard, now a resident of West Liberty, owns a large tract of land in the immediate vicinity of Spring Hills, is President of the Ohio Medical Society, and is respected and honored, by all who know him.

The first settlers of Harrison had to endure the usual hardships for lack of mills, shops and such other enterprises of a public character that are always necessary for the happiness and prosperity of a community. The great distances which it was necessary to traverse, in order to reach even a water-mill, were enough to discourage the most determined ; and the lack of milling facilities was felt more keenly than any other one of the many inconveniences. For a number of years, even as late as 1840, the people were compelled to take their grain to a distant town, by wagon. Wheat was worth 60 cents per bushel at Sandusky City, and 37 cents per bushel at Dayton. The only mill of any consequence was erected, in ye early days, on the site of the flouringmill, a little distance south of Spring Hills, now owned by William H. Bean. The water-course was constructed by the co-operation of the settlers. This mill was operated, in connection with the distillery, by Jeptha Terrell. A sawmill was erected, in the immediate vicinity of the grist-mill, sometime after. Our most diligent researches have failed to bring to light any particulars concerning the establishment of other mills. As the water-power of this township is concentrated in the locality just mentioned, it is very probable that no other manufactories requiring great power were ever in operation. Terrell's flouring-mill proved a great boon to the pioneers, and to this day it has enjoyed the "local trade" of the community.

The first blacksmith-shop was operated, at an early day, by Charles Fielder, on the present site of Spring Hills. He continued this industry for a number of years, to the complete satisfaction of his many customers.

When the first white settlers made their way into this locality, they found a number of Indian families in assumed possession of some of the lands, though, in reality, this scope of country was owned by our Government. They were, however, permitted to occupy such lands until they were wanted by the actual white settlers. These representatives of the red race belonged to a tribe called Miamis. They were scattered, mainly, on those sections of the township -which had been blessed with natural springs. Joseph Fuson remembers of three or four families who were camped on his father's land, on Glady Creek, now owned by Robert Polk. The Indians exhibited no signs of hostility, but, on the contrary, were inclined to be peaceful. They were much given to begging, and their veracity was questionable, yet they never were know to steal and plunder. They were very fond of the fireside, in the cold days of winter, frequently crowding up to the fire and ejecting the white children therefrom, to the utter dismay of the latter.

Fort Robinson

A matter of distinct recollection to the old settlers yet on earth, is the old "fort," which was located on the land of Ralph Robinson. This frontier work was constructed in 1812, and arranged to admit all the families of the neighborhood, should the little colony be invaded by the enemy. Logs were cut about the length of a rail-cut and split. A trench was dug, about three feet deep, and these split logs were firmly set in the ground, perpendicularly, thus forming a perfect protection against the depredations of the Indians. William Wilson was one of those detailed to guard the fort. When the news of Hull's surrender was received by the settlers, a general stampede, in the direction of the fort, ensued. It was feared that the soldiery placed on the frontier had been taken captive, or was unable to prevent an attack on the settlers. Jacob Sarver, to obtain, if possible, the true state of affairs, proposed to visit Fort Piqua. His return was anxiously awaited by the inmates of the fort. Finally, their hearts were gladdened by his presence and the joyful news that all danger of an invasion was over.

At another time, a party of rangers stopped at the house of Jeptha Terrell. In the evening, they fired off their guns, simultaneously. The neighbors feared that Indians had made an attack on the Terrells, and were much alarmed. Fortunately, their worst fears were not realized, and the mystery was explained on the succeeding day.

No actual encounters took place in this settlement, and the continual settletlements made by the whites caused the Indians to seek new quarters in the West. In 1830, every vestige of Indian habitation had disappeared.

Incidents, Etc

Hunting was the great sport in those early days. The forests were inhabited by panthers, bears, wolves and turkeys. Expeditions for their extirpation were frequently formed, and were generally attended by a majority of the entire neighborhood. At times, panther- hunting was attended with danger and serious results to the participants in the hunt. On one occasion, a pack of hounds succeeded in treeing a panther. A party of pioneers congregated around the tree, and one of their number, James Cavenough, was selected to shoot the beast. The shot was fired, but did not produce instant death. Upon falling tothe ground, and in the dying agonies, the panther attacked one of the dogs, crushing his skull.

That honesty is the best policy, was fully realized by the old settlers. There is no record of any robberies, or of any of the many swindling operations of the present day. In those days of natural simplicity and hard work, it never occurred to the pioneer to attempt to gain possession of any property owned by his neighbor. Thomas Mclntire and family left $800 in silver lying idly in the house while they themselves were away visiting. On their return they found the money untouched.

The Terrells, because of their large number, figure conspicuously in the history of the township. They predominated at all the public gatherings. Of twelve men who were harvesting one season, Perry Daniels remembers seven of them as being Terrells. But time has wrought its changes. Two or three families alone remain, while the others are scattered over the entire West.

The first graveyard was located on the lands in the possession of Ralph Robinson. A child (name unknown), who was burned to death, is remembered as the first inhabitant of this ucity of the dead." Two children of Samuel Robinson, who died of whooping-cough, were next laid to rest.

On the Fourth of July, 1846, the Declaration of Independence was commemorated in this vicinity. A lad named Jacob Franklin, a pauper bound to Nathan Cretcher, asked permission to attend the celebration. This was refused him. After the family had taken their departure for the scene of the day's excitement, Jacob deliberately committed suicide by shooting himself. The affair caused great excitement in the community.

Of the people of Harrison Township, we can say, with perfect equanimity, that they represent a religious, church-going community. They boast of a number of churches, which, though they are small, are sufficient for the accommodation of all who may wish to attend. The precedents established nearly four-score years ago have been rewarded with corresponding results. Let us peep into the mirror of tradition and discover, if possible, some authentic information as to the introduction of the Gospel into this township.

Prior to the year 1826, no religious society had been formed ; although traveling missionaries visited this country and brought the glad tidings of peace and good will to the inhabitants. Of these early missionaries little is remembered. Had we the means, how gladly should we place their names on record ; but this pleasant duty is denied us. Joseph Fuson, who settled here in about 1815, devoted much time and labor to the cause of Christianity, and was instrumental in organizing the Christian (Newlight) Church, of which more will be said hereafter.

The Presbyterian Church of Spring Hills was organized at Newall's mill, in 1826. Twelve persons constituted the charter members. Joseph Stephenson was the first minister; Joseph Wilson, John Travers and John Taylor the first El lers. This organization might be called the " mother church " of the churches at Bellefontaine, West Liberty and De Graff, embracing an area of 300 square miles. The society erected a log building in about 1831, which was known as- the Stony Creek Church. In 1841, the membership had increased to forty-one, and, with the co-operation of their minister, Rev. James Gill, the society concluded to erect a new edifice, which resulted in the building of the present structure, a neat frame, the dimensions of which are 35x60. Meetings are now held on the afternoon of each Sabbath. Rev. L. I. Drake is the present minister. A Sunday school wTas organized in 1836, and meetings continued regularly since that time. At present, it consists of fifty members. Dr. J. F. Wilson, Superintendent ; D. D. Wilson, Secretary.

Wesleyan Chapel , Methodist Episcopal , was organized in 1845. Revs. Couchman, Sullivan, Gibson and Beatty had been in the habit of preaching at houses, prior to the organization, and through their persevering labors it was effected. The present house of worship was erected in 1848. Rev. Garbison was the minister of the congregation, which constituted at that time about twenty members; the society at present is in a fair condition ; Rev. Omerod, minister. A Sabbath school was organized in 1865. Mr. Couchman was, perhaps, the first minister. Present membership of Sunday school about thirtyfive.

The Salem Church , United Brethren. - This society was originally organized by Rev Antrim, but no active steps toward the erection of a building were taken, and for a number of years the life or death of the church could scarcely be noticed. In 1854, Jacob Sarver, Joseph Hoffman, and Roster Robinson effected a re-organization. But six members figured as the charter members. These at once proceeded to erect a building, which was dedicated by Rev. Henry Comer.

The Christian ( Newlight ) Church was organized in 1842, at the house of James Fuson, by Rev. John B. Robertson, and consisted of about thirty members. A building was erected in 1844, and called Glady Creek Church. This structure was destroyed by fire in 1860. Immediately after, the present frame.

36x55, was built. This church is the finest in the township, presenting a fine appearance within and without. James Fuson and John B. Robertson were ministers of this church while it was yet in its infancy. It is now in a flourishing condition. Present membership about seventy-five. Rev. Lawrence present minister. When the first church building was completed, a Sunday school was organized by James Fuson, who was also the first Superintendent. A u singing school " was also conducted in connection with the Sabbath school, and was very well attended. At one time, there were over one hundred members. The school is now, as heretofore, in a good, prosperous condition. John Williams, Superintendent.

The log cabin, with its huge fire-place, so well remembered by our older citizens, is also remembered as the " college of learning " in Harrison Township. The first schoolhouse was built on the farm now owned by Joseph Brencher, in 1815. Another early schoolhouse was located on the farm of -

Taylor, Section 19. The scholars were taught by one Piper. A number of log buildings were located in various portions of the township. In about 1850, the frame buildings were erected. Harrison is divided into seven sub and one special (Spring Hills) district. Each school is controlled by a competent Board of Directors. The buildings are all in an excellent condition, and well supplied with the latest styles of furniture, globes, charts, and all the modern necessities of the schoolroom. The special (Spring Hills) district is provided with a graded schoolhouse, containing two rooms, which are in charge of intelligent teachers.

We are unable to present a complete list of the officers of this township from its organization to the present date. Following is a list of the principal officers from 1857 to 1880 :

Tradition has furnished us with a complete list of the Justices of the Peace, from the organization of the township to this date, as follows : William Lee,

Politics

Harrison Township is red-hot, politically. The two great parties are so evenly divided in number that it is next to an impossibility to foreshadow the result of an election. For a number of years the Republicans predominated largely. Twenty-five years ago there were but six Democrats in the township. In 1872, Grant received a majority of seventy-two. In 1876, Hayes carried the towriship by a majority of two. At the spring election of 1880, the Democratic ticket triumphed by an average majority of fourteen. All contests, local and national, are prosecuted bitterly, and voters are generally solicited to cast their ballots for measures, not men.

Spring Hills

This, the only village in the township, is located at the base of the hills in the northeastern part. It is surrounded by a number of natural springs, hence its name, Spring Hills. The town is located principally on two streets, formed by the crossing of the Urbana and Wapakoneta with the West Liberty .and Sidney pike. The little village contains about one hundred and fifty inhabitants, who are industrious and enterprising. It contains two stores, one hotel, three blacksmith-shops, and several other industrial institutions. The inhabitants are not enjoying the advantages offered by a railroad, hut are confident that, ere many years have passed away, they too will be accorded the privilege of connecting themselves with the outside world by rail. The Bellefontaine, Troy & Evansville Railroad, if completed, will pass through the corporate limits of Spring Hills, and excellent shipping facilities will be afforded the growers of produce in the surrounding country.

First Settlements

Although the roads above mentioned were laid out during the Indian troubles of 1812, no actual settlement was made here until a number of years thereafter. Joseph Woods laid out the town in 1882, J. L. Morgan acting as surveyor. The surrounding country felt the need of an inland trading-point, and Mr. W. proposed to supply this want by laying out the land into town lots and selling them at a reasonable figure. Originally forty-seven lots, and one reserved for the church, were included in the survey. The lots sold rapidly, at prices ranging from $7 to $40.

The first house was built by John Vance, in 1882, and used as a store. An addition was added by Dr. Pringle, and used as an apothecary-shop. This building is now occupied by Dr. Wilson and family. One year later, a loghouse was erected by George Shaw ; this building is still standing. Joseph Irvin erected the first blacksmith-shop of any importance, in 1838. The first tavern was kept by George Bell, in the Dr. Wilson building. The large twostory brick, now used for a store and tenement house, was built by Mathew Cretcher, Isaac Eads and others.

At first the village was called Middleburg. When application was made for the establishment of a post office, it was ascertained that in Logan County there was a town by the same name. Accordingly, a bill providing for a change of name was introduced by Hon. J. C. Phillips, to whom belongs the honor of re-christening the town. The post office was established soon after the town was laid out, and John Vance appointed the first Postmaster. Since that time, it has undergone a number of changes. John Espey is the present Postmaster. Mails are received tri-weekly.

Corporation Officials

Under a recent law, a village must contain a population of to be incorporated. Although Spring Hills has not the requisite number, her citizens provided for an incorporation before the recent laws went into effect. We append a list of the principal corporation officials, from 1849 to 1880, inclusive :

1855 - Mayor, W. B. Haines ; Clerk, A. Trout ; Council, John Richards, W. Morrow, Dave Stauffer, A. Piatt, J. A. Smith ; Marshal, E. P. Terrell ; Treasurer, T. S. Crosson.

1560 - Mayor, James F. Wilson; Clerk, Isaac Eads; Council, Wm. Bell, A. Piatt, W. B. Haines, A. Mathis, H. Melhorn ; Marshal, L. H. Cretcher.

1867 - Mayor, A. L. Smith ; Clerk, D. L. Pitman; Marshal, D. W. Lyons ; Treasurer, Jacob Melhorn; Council, A. Piatt, Joseph Lemen, A. Mathis, J. F. Wilson, Henry Melhorn.

1870 - Mayor, P. M. Morgan; Clerk, W. A. HSJretcher ; Marshal, George Sutherland; Treasurer, Jac. Melhorn ; Council, J. A. Brownfield, D. W. Lyons, William Huscamp, D. L. Pitman, A. Piatt.

A history of the above township, more than seventy-seven years subsequent to the time when its first permanent resident located on the southeast quarter of Section 8, is no easy task, first, because the pioneers have nearly all passed away ; and, secondly, because there are few records of much that would be requisite to make up a complete history. This is much to be regretted. So far as they can serve, such records have been used as were at hand ; beyond this, much has been collected from living witnesses who have been life-long citizens of the township. Personal history, incidents and anecdotes, together with pioneer reminiscences, have been collected as far as possible. Much of that which would be valuable is lost, because those who first broke the forest and planted civilization in this part of the county, passed away long before the writer had an existence. We take this occasion to say, that this is presented to the public as a pretty full, and we believe as nearly correct history as it is possible to reach.

The township is composed of thirty sections of land, the most of which is wider a fair state of, cultivation. It is centrally located, being the middle township of the first tier west of Mad River, and is known as Town 4, Range 12. It was included in Mad River Township, being separated from it in 1818. The record shows that Sampson Talbott was for a number of years a Justice of the Peace prior to the separation of the townships, and Joseph Hill and Thomas Stretch were Constables. Joseph Hill was the first permanent settler, having settled on the farm now owned by his son-in-low, James D. Powell, in February, 1803. He was the father of Joseph Hill, Superintendent of the Pan

Handle Railway, with headquarters at Logansport, Ind. At the time of his removal to the pioneer farm, Isaac Anderson, a " squatter" was found on the farm, but the lines not falling in " pleasant places " to him, he gave up his improvement. Anderson was noted for his laziness, and, from the fact that he was the first white man that lived upon the banks of Anderson Creek, the stream took its name after him.

Adam Wise was also among the early settlers, and lived on the farm of Oliver Taylor. He was the grandfather of the venerable James Stevens, of Kingston, now in his ninetieth year.

Prominent in the vicinity of Northville in an early day, were John, Jatnes and Samuel Mitchel. Their father was James Mitchel, Sr., a very old man when the family came here in 1806. Mr. Joseph Longfellow, of whom a more extended account appears in this work, was a man of very small stature, yet a man of wonderful physical endurance. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and died in 1865, in his one hundredth year. Mr. Longfellow, in common with his neighbors, was seriously troubled with the squirrels. In order to more securely preserve his corn, he hauled it to his house one season and stacked it around his yard. Coming out of his house one mornimg, he found perhaps a hundred squirrels at his corn. In his effort to drive them away, sixteen of them beat a retreat up the well-pole. Mr. L. cast his first vote for Gen. Washington, in Delaware, and voted at every Presidential election from the foundation of the Government until the second term of Abraham Lincoln. Henry Bacome entered the farm now occupied by Simeon Rinaker, in 1810, and removed his cabin three different times to avoid milk-sickness, believing it came from the water. He finally died with the disease on the same farm.

Alexander Dunlap entered and lived upon the farm now owned by M. F. Pence. He was noted for his many peculiarities. I have in my possession a copy of an announcement made by Mr. Dunlap in 1830, when he became a candidate for the Legislature. The announcement is in his own writing, and we give it verbatim et literatim :

Take Notice. - That I offer as a candidate to represent Champaign county in the next legislative session of Ohio in the ensuing election October next. I am a republican, I am against the black and colored people being on the same footin as the whites is. I am in favor of gineral Andrew Jackson being president to take seat in march next. I adds no more at present,, but remains a candidate. - Alexander Dunlap.

Felix Rock was the original settler on the home farm of Daniel Kizer, and was for many years a highly esteemed citizen. In 1844, he removed to IowTa, where he and his entire family soon afterward died. John Tipton entered the farm now owned by John Taylor, and sold it to John Daniels, in 1814. The manner of conveying lands in those days was by means of what was termed "patent," a thing almost unheard of by the present generation. This " patent " is yet in the possession of Mr. Taylor, and shows that Edward Tiffin was Commissioner of the land office. It also bears the signature of James Madison, President of the United States. These transfers were made by virtue of an act passed by Congress, providing for the sale of lands in the Northwest Territory, north of the Ohio River and above the mouth of the Kentucky River.

John Duckworth, whose widow still survives, was an Englishman by birth, and came up from Warren County in 1815. He paid for his farm by cutting wood at 25 cents per cord. Philip Kenton, a nephew of Gen. Simon Kenton, was an early pioneer, and lived on the farm east of and adjoining Concord

Jesse Harbor came in 1805, from North Carolina. He lived one mile west of Heathtown, where he died, in 1863. Mr. H. was the father of thirty-two children, and gave each child eighty acres of land, or its equivalent, when they arrived at the age of maturity. Mr. Harbor was for a number of years a Justice of the Peace, in an early day. William Harbor, his brother, came also from North Carolina the same year. John Wilson, the father of our esteemed fellow-citizen, J. D. Wilson, near Heathtown, came in 1809, and was one of three of the original Free-Soil or Abolition voters of the township.

Thomas Tipton lived on the farm now owned by Peter Baker, and died at the advanced age of one hundred and eleven years. During the last few years of his life, he laid between two feather beds, both summer and winter.

The farm now owned by John Stevens had more owners prior to 1820 than any farm in the county - certainly in this part of it. The land was entered by Joel Harbor, and afterward owned by Joel Fuson, James Bacon, William Snodgrass and William Werden, late of Springfield, who first introduced a metal mold-board for plows. This was in 1819.

Samuel and John Hogg entered the farm now owned by the Jesse Neer's heirs, which afterward was sold to a Mr. Taylor, and subsequently to George Gideon, and finally to John Shriver, who died in 1851.

Thomas and William Stretch lived for many years on the western farm of Daniel Kizer, and each, for a term, served as Constable, when this township was yet included in Mad River. We have in our possession the original copy of the bond which they executed before entering upon the duties of their office. As but few men now live who ever witnessed such an instrument of writing, we herewith produce it. We give it just as it stands in the original record :

Know all men by these presents That we Thos. Stretch and Wm, Stretch of the township of Mad River county of Champaign and State of Ohio, are held and firmly bound to Ezekiel Arrowsmith Treasurer, or his successor in office in the just sum of four hundred dollars, for which payment well and truly to be made, we bind ourselves, our heirs, Executors and Administrators, firmly by these presents and sealed with our seals and dated this 10th day of October 1809.

The condition of this obligation is such that, if the above Thos. Stretch and Wm. Stretch or his certain attorney do, and shall in all things well and truly observe and perform and faithfully and impartially act, which on the part of them the said Thos. Stretch Constable for the above mentioned township and county in the time, manner and way the law directs during the time he. shall remain in office - Then this obligation to be void and of no effect, otherwise to remain in legal force. Thos. Stretch,

It would seem from the above, judging from the style of language, that more importance was attached to the office in the early settlement of the country than now. The remains of both Thomas and William Stretch lie in the Talbott Graveyard, near the river, the first dying January, 1818, and the latter date unknown.

While this township was identified with Mad River at an early day, when the law provided for an office known as " Lister and House Appraiser," the record shows that James Burns was the first to fill the position, with William Ross, Jr., assistant. James Reynolds was the first Clerk, and by him the various officers were sworn into office.

Archibald McKinley was the first Constable, and was sworn into office by .an Associate Judge, but the Judge fails to sign his name, hence the reader as well as the writer must forever remain in ignorance as to who this Judge was. James Mitchel was the^ second and Job Gard the third Constable.

This same record contains the articles of agreement between the Township Trustees and various parties who leased the different school sections. George Stoneharger was the first to lease a part of Section 16, Town 4, Range 11, the lease extending over a period of fifteen years, which was provided by law. Each man was required to clear so much land, and plant so many apple-trees, and sow so much timothy and red clover seed. Each man was prohibited by his contract from making any useless waste of timber or stone from the different premises. Think of it - a man required to stay his hand among the almost unbroken forest of this country seventy-five years ago !

Caleb Carter and Isaac Anderson were the first Trustees of the township. John Clark's name also appears as one of the early Trustees of the township. George Mahin and Joseph Hill's names appear as witnesses in connection with the leasing of school lands. Also Daniel and Charles Rector were among the prominent men of their day. James Montgomery, we believe, was a Methodist minister and an associate of the Rectors. John Kain enters the first record of a stock mark. Mr. Kain lived then on what is known as the Strother Smith farm in Jackson Township, in the identical house in which the writer's grandfather died in 1811. This same house is now occupied by William Kesler, and the chimney still plainly bears the mark of an earthquake which took place in December, 1811. The date of Mr. Kain's mark is July 13, 1805. Elijah Weaver was among the early officers of the township, with William Weaver and Joseph Diltz as his securities.

On the 2d day of March, 1812, in the settlement of the Trustees of the township, with Arch McKinley as Treasurer, the treasury was found to contain $1.35. Nathan Darnall, David Bayles and Peter Boone were at that time Trustees, and the public expenses of the past year for the township were $6.75. In another business matter, the names of Randall Largent, Thomas Cowhick and Basil West appear. Joseph Hill served as Constable by appointment, while Henry Been was one of the Trustees. More than a hundred names appear in this record, most of whom have left a long line of descendants, who occupy prominent places in society. ^

Robert McFarland, the father of the writer, was a native of Rockbridge County, Va., and recollected distinctly seeing Gen. George Washington in 1793. He was taken to Tennessee in early life, but subsequent settled on Indian Creek, near Cynthiana, Ky., from whence he removed to Champaign County in 1807, having come here one year earlier on an excursion tour with Martin Hitt and Joseph Diltz. His chief object in emigrating was to free himself from the contaminating influences of slavery. In October of the above year they landed in the woods on the farm since owned by Simon Ropp, in Union Township, and unloaded their goods beside an oak log, on Tuesday of the same week, and on Friday following they moved into their cabin. But half of the floor was laid, and that with a very rough style of puncheon. Their beds were laid on clapboards, supported by forks driven in the ground between the puncheon, and in this manner the two families (his father-in-law, Joseph Gray, had come with them) lived until spring, when they removed to a point near the side track, between Urbana and West Liberty. They subsequently settled on the " Neese " farm, two and a half miles southeast of Westville. In the fall of the same year, Robt.

McFarland purchased of Henry Bacome the farm now owned by his son, S. McFarland, and, during the winter of 1811-12, reared his cabin, and, in April following, moved into it. Soon after his removal to the farm, a military road was cut out from Urbana to the Northwest Territory, passing directly through the front yard of the old homestead. In October, 1812, Gen. Harrison and his troops passed over this road on their way to the field of battle. The General inquired of my father if he intended to settle among such large trees, and, receiving an affirmative answer, replied that he was too small a man for such large timber.

After the General had re-mounted and was about taking his leave, father remarked to him that, should it be his fortune to have a son in the future, it should bear the name of Gen. Harrison. In February following, a son was born, and, according to promise, was duly installed into the family as Gen. William Harrison. Twenty-eight years later, and during the ever-memorable campaign of 1840, Gen. Harrison passed over this same road from Sidney to Urbana in a carriage. As was the custom in those days, a delegation from this neighborhood met the General and his escort at the western county line. Soon after the meeting with the delegation from this vicinity, they came into Careysville, and the General made a speech from his carriage, and during his remarks spoke of his former trip through this county in the war of 1812, but the face of the country was so changed he failed to recognize anything. A voice in the crowd answered, and said he was on the same road. At Millerstown, he made a similar remark, when he was again informed he was on the same road, when he inquired how the gentleman knew, and, being informed that he had seen and conversed with him at that time, the General called his informant to the stand and asked how he remembered the fact, and was told that he was the man who had promised to name a son for him. The General at once called to mind the occurrence. After inquiring for the welfare of his namesake, he remarked that the time was when a great many children were named for him, but, since party lines were drawn, some people only named their dogs for him. Accompanying Gen. Harrison was one Jonathan Chambers, a Kentuckian, who had been a schoolmate of Thomas Kenton, of Mad River Township. During the speech of Gen. Harrison at Millerstown, Kenton rode into the crowd and commenced shouting at the top of his voice for Chambers, until Chambers was obliged to leave the stand in order to keep Kenton quiet.

When Robert McFarland bought the farm above alluded to, the remains of an Indian village were still plainly visible, there being fourteen huts still in a pretty fair state of preservation. These huts stood some two or three hundred yards southwest of Concord Chapel. In the first organization of the first M. E. Church in Urbana, Robert McFarland was appointed its first Classleader, and after the organization of the Stevens' Church, at Westville, he transferred his membership, and became the first leader in that organization. He was also the nucleus around which Concord society grew, and was its first leader.