Marietta, Ohio - Moral And Material Advancement (part 3 of 5)

President Jefferson being communicated to the legislature, that body passed an act authorizing the governor, Edward Tiffin, who was at the State capital, Chillicothe, to call out the militia to capture and detain any boats descending the Muskingum or Ohio under suspicious circumstances. Blennerhassett, hearing of the action of the legislature, it is said, intended to abandon the cause in which he had engaged, but urged by his wife and a party of men who had, under Comfort Tyler, arrived at the island, with the purpose of joining the expedition, he unfortunately adhered to his original design. Under the legislative act, a company of militia was called out, placed under the command of Captain Timothy Buell, and stationed on the bank of the Muskingum, near the site of the stockade. A cannon was planted on the bank, regular sentries set day and night for several weeks, and every passing boat examined. Many amusing jokes were played upon the military during this campaign and the final capture of the half dozen small boats was made the subject of some ludicrots verses in imitation of the "Battle of the Kegs," by General Edward W. Tupper. In the meantime the people had become much excited about the organization of the expedition, and there was a growing feeling in favor of seizing upon the persons and property of those engaged in it. Upon the ninth of December Blennerhassett learned that the militia of Wood county, Virginia, purposed arresting him, and upon the tenth he left surreptitiously, to join Burr. Colonel Phelps, in command of the Virginia militia, took possession of the island. Mrs. Blennerhassett was in Marietta at this time, and she returned to find her elegant house full of soldiers, who were making themselves at home in a very rough manner, appropriating to their own use whatever stores and liquors they needed, and destroying much valuable property. In a few days she left the once happy home, being assisted in her departure by A. W. Putnam, of Belpre. With her two little sons, Harman and Dominic, she pursued her way down the river to join her husband, and reached him late in January. The history of the expedition is well known. When it broke up Blennerhassett went to Natchez, Mississippi, and was shortly after arrested there. He stood trial and was acquitted. Starting north to visit his home, he was, however, again arrested and sent to Richmond. After ten weeks' imprisonment he was discharged, as no evidence of a sinister design toward the Government could be proven against him. One year from the time he had left it, he returned to the island where he had passed eight happy years of his life. The place was desolate. Property had been seized for debts. Many articles had been stolen. The slaves had escaped. The house had been gutted of its contents. Narrowly escaping a rearrest, Blennerhassett journeyed southward and rejoined his family at Natchez. Purchasing a plantation near Gibson Port, Mississippi, he engaged in the growing of cotton, but the War of 1812 put an end to that business. The plantation was sold for twenty-seven thousand dollars, which sum scarcely more than satisfied Mr. Blennerhassett's creditors. His island home was destroyed in 1811 by fire. Consequently the family removed to

New York, where its head engaged in the practice of law. His efforts, however, were not attended with success. He was a ruined man. Subsequently he had fair prospects in Canada, and removed there in 1819, but ill fate attended him. Mr. Blennerhassett went to Ireland, thinking to avail himself of the benefits of a reversionary claim which he had never deemed worthy of prosecution during the period of his prosperity, but the claim was barred by the statute of limitation. Mrs. Blennerhassett found a home for a time in New York, where she was assisted by the Emmitts; she went afterward to Pennsylvania, and again to Montreal. Here she was joined by her husband. After a short stay the family went to England, and from there to St. Aubin, on the island of Jersey. Their next abiding place was the island of Guernsey, and there upon the first of February, 1831, the gifted, but impracticable, unfortunate Harman Blennerhassett passed away.

In 1842 Mrs. Blennerhassett revisited the United States with the hope of obtaining some redress from the Government which had impoverished, through undeserved prosecution, her husband, and by whose soldiers his home had been despoiled. Mrs. Blenerhassett brought her claim before the proper triburial, and set forth the amount of damage caused by the Virginia militia, made out by Dudley Woodbridge, esq., of Marietta. This claim would doubtless have been paid, but just as the object she was striving to gain was about to be accomplished, Mrs. Blennerhassett died. Worn out with sorrow and toil and privation, she who had once been the mistress of the splendid house upon the "fairy island" passed away in a dreary tenement house in New York, attended only by her son, Harman, and a black servant, a former slave, who had accompanied her in_all her wanderings, served without money, and been faithful through all. Mrs. Blenerhassett's later years were rendered sorrowful by more misfortunes than the loss of pfoperty, station, home, and husband. One of her sons proved almost an imbecile, and the other became a confirmed sot - a pitiful wreck, whose life ended in the Blackwell's Island alms-house in 1854.* grandson of General Israel Putnam, was born in Pomfret, Connecticut, February 24,1759. He graduated at Yale college in the class of 1793. After his graduation, with the view of entering upon a mercantile life, he accepted a place on a vessel in a voyage to London in the winter of 1794. A journal kept at the time describes the seasickness and discomfort of the voyage, the abuse of an arbitrary and domineering captain, the disgusting association of an ignorant and wicked crew, and the utter distaste for the life on which he had entered. After a melancholy fate of the family, is given by Miss Maria P. Woodbridge, rough and dangerous passage, the vessel was wrecked on the coast of France, the officers and crew making a narrow escape to land. Here they were detained some months, mostly at the city of Nantes, with short rations and general distress, in the period of the French revolution, and the attempt to improve the morals and prosperity of the country, by the substitution of a tenth, instead of a seventh portion of time for rest and relaxation. The journal is a graphic description of the prevailing wretchedness. It says, March 4, 1795:

Since we have been in Nantes, we have lived twenty of us in one chamber, have had two very scanty meals of victuals, one about 12 o'clock, the other at 8 in the evening, consisting of tripe, lights, a little veal, etc., all cooked after the French fashion, and a half pound bread per day, which we draw from the commissary store - for such fare the American consul pays one hundred and ten livres per day.

He availed himself of the first opportunity to return to the United States, and landed 'in New York July 2, 1795. On meeting an acquaintance, he was informed of the removal of his father's family (during his absence) from the home in Pomfret to the then distant Ohio, and says: "It was unexpected, it surprised, and in some respect agitated my mind - -my plans were disconcerted. I returned on board, walked the deck, was pleased, disappointed and pleased again, was miserable, was alone, was happy."

He taught school in Brooklyn, Connecticut, during the winter of 1795, and during the following year, made a brief visit to Ohio. He then, for about two years, pursued the study of law with Hon. Calvin Goddard, of Plainfield, Connecticut. On the sixteenth of September, 1798, he was married to Betsey Perkins, daughter of Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Plainfield. They came immediately after, on horseback, to Marietta, where he commenced the practice of law. He became the teacher of the Muskingum academy in Marietta, established about this time, the first institution of the kind in the Northwest Territory. He was postmaster in Marietta from 1800 to 1802. In 1805 he built the stone residence on Front street in Harmar (now occupied by a grandson), where he continued until his death in 1856. He became cashier of the Bank of Marietta at its organization in or about 1807 (General Rufus Putnam, Benjamin Ives Gilman, Paul Fearing, William Skinner and others, directors or stockholders), the business being done at his residence in Harmar until about the year 1815, when the bank was transferred to Marietta, and a new cashier appointed.

He continued in the practice of law nearly thirty years, and then retired from it, to an extensive agency which had devolved on him in connection with lands in the Ohio Company's Purchase. This he continued until the year 1845, when at the age of seventy-five, he relinquished it to his son.

He was a faithful adherent, during his active life, of the First Religious Society of Marietta. He donated the lots now occupied by the Congregational church and parsonage in Harmar, and wasa liberal contributor to the erection of their meeting-house.

Mr. Putnam had no aspiration for public life or political distinction, but in his sphere of a private citizen, was known, recognized and honored as a firm, reliable and intelligent friend of order, morals, education and religion.

Nahum Ward

Nahum Ward came to the West so early that had he located almost anywhere else than in the primal settlement, he would have been in the strictest sense of the term a pioneer. Although not of the vanguard of the great army of peace he was one of the conspicuous figures in the ranks which closely followed. He was the pioneer of an era of advancement rather than a movement of population - an era of enlarged scope and great achievement. The inception of Mr. Ward's enterprises in the country round about Marietta, and the inauguration of the period of great improvements and material prosperity were nearly simultaneous. The subject of this sketch was the first man in southeastern Ohio who entered deliberately and determindly upon a thorough system for the development of its landed interests. He conducted a colossal business, was identified with almost every progressive movement of his time, and he made a deep impression upon the community in which he dwelt. It has been said of him by one who is shrewd in his estimates of men, that although he took no active part in politics and did not enter public life, he was probably the most prominent man in Marietta. Certainly he was one of its strongest and most notable: characters.

Nahum Ward was born October 23, 1785, in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts. He was a son of Thomas W. Ward and grandson of Artemas Ward, the first major general of the Revolutionary army - the officer to whom legitimately belonged the place accorded to Washington, and to whom it would undoubtedly have been given had not public policy suggested the appointment of a Virginian as commander in chief of ti army. The subject of our sketch upon attaining suitable age attended Leicester academy and studied there several years, under the preceptorship of Timothy Fuller (father of that strange literary genius Margaret Fuller, Countess D'Ossoli, who was the original of Zenobia in Hawthorn's Blithdale romance). After obtaining an education young Ward entered, as a clerk, the store of his uncle, a Mr. Brigman. Four years service in the village store gave him the rudiments of that splendid business knowledge which made him successful in later years. His experience as clerk was supplemented by two years of independent mercantile business, his father giving him in 1807 the sum of five hundred dollars with which to open a store of his own. He seems to have become dissatisfied with the small scope which the management of the store afforded his abilities, and two years after he had opened it - in June, 1809 - he set out for the then far distant west to seek his fortune. His objective point was Marietta, and he had in his possession a letter of introduction to General Rufus Putnam. One may easily imagine the reception given to a young man of Mr. Ward's character, coming to a comparatively new settlement well introduced and recommended. Very naturally he was encouraged to examine the country and given some facilities for so doing. He remained about six weeks; visited various portions of the Ohio company's purchase; acquired considerable information in regard to the lands for sale, and then returned to Shrewsbury, as he had come out - upon horseback. Shortly after his arrival in Massachusetts he received an appointment as deputy sheriff, and took up his residence at Worcester. He had doubtless formed, when in Ohio, a determination to return to the west at an early date, and it is not probable that he swerved for an instant from that purpose. At any rate he had not been long in Worcester before he began purchasing lands from Ohio company shareholders in that place and its vicinity. He had only a very small capital - the five hundred dollars which his father had given him, and the profits from two years' business in his store - but it was sufficient to secure a total of about five thousand acres of lands at the low prices then prevailing. Two years from the time of his first visit - in the fall of 1811 - he again journeyed to Ohio; this time to become a citizen. He located in Marietta, which place was henceforth his home, until his death in the year 1860. Mr. Ward examined most of the lands already purchased within a few months from the time of his arrival, and after familiarizing himself with the country, made a trip to his old home in the winter of 1812-13, and bought several more tracts. During the first ten years of his residence in the country Mr. Ward's whole attention was given to buying lands, and he made no attempts tosell. He made annual visits to the east in the winter seasons until 1817, and every year added to his possessions, until he had secured more than thirty-seven thousand acres of land, lying principally within the counties of Washington, Athens, Morgan, Gallia, Lawrence, and Meigs. He was more largely identified with the landed interests of southeastern Ohio than any other one man. His career in his chosen line of business was a successful. one, and it could hardly have been otherwise with the possession of such qualities as were combined in Mr. Ward's nature. He was a man of sanguine temperament, and yet so well balanced with a kind of business conservatism that even with the great temptations that arose before him he steadily avoided all forms of wild speculation. His aim was to attain success by slow, sure, safe methods rather than sudden, daring venture based upon the turn of fortune. Yet no man could be more bold in following a line of action after it had once been decided upon; no man could more persistently push forward in a chosen pathway. He had an indomitable will, great energy, self reliance, and patience, and an uncommon develpoment of common sense. Misfortune may come to a man who possesses these characteristics, but it will come only occasionally as the diversifying incident in a career which, as an entirety, is successful. Mr. Ward, while generally fortunate in his undertakings, met some reverses which no human foresight, however far reaching, could discover or forefend. One of the first of his measures for the settlement and improvement of his great tracts of land fell short of its full effect through circumstances entirely beyond his knowledge. Conceiving the idea that the Scotch would make an industrious, frugal, and intelligent element in the agricultural districts, he went to Scotland in the fall of 1822 for the purpose of bringing over a colony of the "canny people." He published in Edinburg a small pamphlet giving descriptions of the country, derived principally from the pamphlet of Dr. Manasseh Cutler, printed at Salem, Massachusetts, in 1787; from the works of Thomas Hutchins, United States geographer, and from the Ohio press. A letter from Return Jonathan Meigs, postmaster general of the United States and ex-governor of Ohio,and a note from the United States consul in Edinburgh were published on the inner leaf of the cover and served as Mr. Ward's credentials. Mr. Ward was so far successful in his measure that he induced about one hundred and seventy-five persons to emigrate to the United States and to the lands which he owned. But the season when they arrived - the summer of 1823 - was one during which a terrible epidemic prevailed in Marietta and all the Ohio river region. Nearly all of the Scotch emigrants were stricken down with fever, and thus afflicted, and some of their number dying, these people began their life in a strange land. To the credit of Mr. Ward, be it said, that he was unremitting in his attentions to the unfortunate foreigners. He hired large public rooms for their comfortable lodging, and supplied them with medical attendance and nurses. Many of the descendants of these Scotch emigrants who settled on Mr. Ward's lands now live in Barlow and Wesley townships, and form one of the best elements of the population of Washington county.

Prior to his departure for Scotland, Mr. Ward had disposed of some small pieces of land, but he still retained the greater part of his original purchases, and after his return he constantly added to his possessions. But he did not retain lands and simply leave them unimproved awaiting an increase in value. Had he done so his influence for the good of the country would have been much smaller than it was. His policy was to improve. It had been said of him that 'he was not a mere pioneer farmer clearing a few acres for a home, but a pioneer prince, with large estates, improving them all, and at once benefitting himself, his tenants, and the entire community." Some idea of the magnitude of his business operations may be suggested by the statement of the fact that at one time he had one hundred and thirty-one tenants clearing and cultivating lands within the Ohio company's purchase, under his proprietorship. The title to over one hundred thousand acres of land in southeastern Ohio was vested in Mr. Ward during the period he dwelt in Marietta, which was about forty-eight

Personal interest, a laudable pride and public spirit combined, led this great land owner to make the most thorough and systematic improvements. His farms throughout the southeastern part of the State - forty or fifty in Washington county - could be easily distinguished by their fine buildings, neat fences, well cultivated acres, and general appearance of thrift. Along many of the country roads Mr. Ward set out shadetrees. Taste and utility were alike thought of. He lent aid to the building of many country school-houses, and contributed liberally to every turnpike, bridge, or other improvement of value to the public.

The fact that nearly all of Mr. Ward's farms were improved before they were sold redounded to the advantage of the purchasers and the tenants by whose labor those improvements were made, having easy terms of rental, also prospered. In many cases the renters became owners. It was the theory of Mr. Ward that the best condition of the country was attained when the greatest number of people possible secured homes, and so becoming fixed, had a permanent interest in the welfare of the community. Most of his lands were sold in small parcels, and to men of small means. Many of the purchasers were people who had absolutely no capital but their industry. In selling to hundreds, or perhaps thousands, of this class, it was only natural that many cases should occur in which the buyer was unable to fulfill his contract. And it isa notable fact that in no one of these cases did the proprietor foreclose the property. In every instance he made a settlement with the occupant of the farm forfeited by non-fulfilment of the contract, either refunding any payments already made, or making suitable compensayon for improvements put upon it. Hundreds of well-to-do farmers in southeastern Ohio, who bought their lands of Mr. Ward by paying annual instalments, can attest the perfect equity of his business method and the liberality of his terms. And yet he did not escape entirely the obloquy which usually bears upon the large land-owner and dealer. While he never brought suit for foreclosure against those who were unable to pay for lands, Mr. Ward left no legal means unused in his dealings with other real estate owners, and would contest a title, when he believed justice was upon his side, as long as a vestige of hope remained. Becoming the owner of nearly all the shares of the Ohio company, he obtained an amount of Georgia Revolutionary certificates, which, owing to an irregularity in their issue, had not been included in the partition of the company's property, and remained as its only undivided assets.

The value of the certificates was, of course, contingent upon their being recognized by the United States Treasurer. Mr. Ward had a firm faith in the equity of his claim, employed able lawyers, who amassed evidence in support of it, and spent a long term in litigation with the United States and upon his death enjoined in his will the continuance of the great suit. This determination to succeed in whatever he once undertook was a marked characteristic of Mr. Ward, and numerous instances illustrating it might be cited.

Mr. Ward's justness in his business dealings with those who took up his lands or who were his tenants, has been already touched upon. It may be added that in his constant intercourse with even the poorest and humblest he exhibited a simple, natural affability which put them at perfect ease. He wasa true friend of the laboring people and deeply interested in them. It was a favorite idea with him that the working man's holidays should be multiplied, within a proper limit, and that such a measure with the introduction of healthful entertainments in which they might participate would elevate their tastes and ambitions. Mr. Ward was by birth and education the equal of the highest class, and found pleasure in refined and cultured society; but it was with his equals that he exhibited something of those qualities which made him appear to many persons as unduly cold and reserved. His manner was dignified and courtly, and he was not a man with whom his associates would be familiar, but if his demeanor was one in which there was much of austerity it covered none but the kindliest feelings toward humanity in general. an aristocrat of the old school at heart, but he possessed also the thoughts of the true Democrat, and his acts indicated one class of feelings as much as the other. Mr. Ward's personal appearance was an expression (if we may use the term) of his nature. It indicated strength, will, energy, and dignity. He was a sturdy man physically as well as mentally; about six feet high, erect in carriage, and well proportioned. His--features were strong, clearly cut and expressive. Citizens who remember him speak of Mr. Ward's appearance as always being that of the gentleman. He was almost invariably attired in the sober but elegant broadcloth which one is accustomed by an association of ideas to regard as the appropriate dress of that generation of substantial, sterling men who have nearly all passed away in the last quarter century, and which one imagines so in keeping with their character.

We have said in the beginning of this sketch that Mr. Ward, while not properly a public character, was probably the most prominent man who lived in Marietta. His prominence was naturally obtained through the magnitude of his business operations and the simple strength and solidity of his character. He held no important public offices. He was a Federalist in politics (like most of the leading men of Marietta), and this fact prevented him from accepting in 1812 the position of Aid to Goyernor Meigs. While the office was in many respects attractive to him he could not consistently with his principles: accept it. Had he done so he would doubtless have led a bright and useful career in the service of the State, as civil advancement would have been the legitimate consequence of military success - and success he could scarcely have failed to achieve, with his abilities and strength of purpose.

Mr. Ward's home was the house on the north side of Putnam street, between Front and Second, built by General Edward W. Tupper. When he purchased it, in 1817, it was the largest and most elegant residence in Marietta, and an appropriate dwelling for a man of Mr. Ward's tastes and hospitality. Among other distinguished visitors whom he entertained here was General Lafayette (See chapter XXXIV), whom he had visited in Paris, and whose visit to this country, by the way, was largely the result of Mr. Ward's solicitation and his representations of the deep interest that the people of the United States felt in him.

In 1845 his fellow citizens elected Mr. Ward to the office of mayor, a position which he retained for a long term of years. It was soon after his election that the first extensive improvements in Marietta were made. prior to this time there were no paved sidewalks in the village. It was through Mr. Ward that these were introduced and shade trees set out along the streets. He was unable, however, to carry out all of the plans which he deemed for the interest of the public.

The kindness of his nature was exhibited in the constant exercise of benevolence. Through various channels, religious and secular, private and public, he contributed aid to individuals and to causes. The greatest of his benevolent acts, however, was that which supplied the Unitarians of Marietta with a house of worship. He had been an adherent of the Unitarian faith from his early manhood, and in middle life began to labor zealously to establish a society of that denomination in Marietta. "At length," says a biographer, "as advancing years admonished him, that whatever was to be done, must be done quickly, he determined to build a church and organize a society, and leave the rest to this silent influence of the testimony of truth, and to the gradual softening of prejudice and increase of freedom." The church (upon the corner of Putnam and Third streets) was completed and dedicated with appropriate services, June 4, 1857, at a cost to Mr. Ward of not less than twenty-five thousand dollars. The edifice was donated to the First Unitarian society, and Mr. Ward, not resting, satisfied with what he had done, continued to promote, by every means in his power, the well-being of the society. Ever since his arrival in Marietta he had endeavored to further the growth of Unitarian sentiment by personal persuation and by the distribution of tracts. Whenever he prepared for a journey through the country he was accustomed to fill one of his saddle-bags with tracts of the American Unitarian association, which he gave to those with whom he came in contact. Healways kept a supply of these tracts in his office, which he placed in the hands of his tenants and the men who purchased homesteads from him. His pastor, Rev. E. C. Guild, said: 'A very large number were distributed in this way, making the more impression from the fact that a kind word and encouraging tone went with them. It is impossible to estimate the amount of influence exerted in this way, so widespread and deep-seated." Mr. Ward's religious convictions were of the most positive kind, and his devotion to the principles of Christianity, constant and unremitting. He passed away "with a faith as clear, and a confidence in the mercy of God as strong in death as it had been through life." His death occurred upon the sixth of April, 1860, and the funeral services were conducted upon the Sunday following, at the

The subject of this sketch was born in Townsend, Massachusetts, December 4, 3807. tis father, Captain Isaac Spaulding, was a son of Lieutenant Benjamin Spaulding, a lineal descendant of Edward Spaulding, who came to America from England in 1630. His mother was Lucy Emery, a daughter of Lieutenant Emery of Revolutionary fame.

The early education of Mr. Spaulding was somewhat limited, owing to the fact that the large - and the limited means of the father prevented his being sent to college, while the schools of his native village furnished but from six to eight weeks tuition per year. His father, Captain Isaac, in addition to being a good farmer, was also a cooper, and this trade he taught Isaac. At the age of twenty, his father gave him his option of taking his freedom, or of remaining on the farm until twen -one, when he should receive one hundred dollars. He chose the former, and went to work in a coopershop for Captain Davis, of Townsend. At the expiration of a year, he went to Vermont and engaged in the manufacture of barrels and cheese-tierces for a dairyman. Finishing this contract, and being unable to get his a from the dairyman, he accepted a a of oxen as part pay, and set out for Massachusetts, driving his oxen behim over the Green mountains, a distance of over one hundred miles. In 1830 he married Elmina Kibling, of Chester, Vermont, whose parents had been d in the Connecticut river some years before. In 1832, Mr. Spaulding was elected a captain in the Second regiment of Massachusetts' militia, receiving his commission from Governor Levi Lincoln. In the same year he went to © Champlain, Vermont, and in company with two friends en d in the cooper business. The company had the contract for furnishing nail kegs for a nail factory in Troy, New York. He continued to manufacture kegs for the Troy firm until December, 1834, when the death of his father recalled him to Townsend to take charge of his father's estate.

Buying the interest of the remaining heirs to his father's estate, he remained at the old homestead until the death of his wife in 1838. Mr. Spaulding then rented the homestead and went to Pittsburgh, Pennsy vania, where he engaged in the manufacture of pumps, associating with him in this business Silas T. deren under the firm name of Spaulding & Jewell. While here he married thia A. Matthews, of Ta ay = the wedding ceremony being performed 24, 1839, by 'Rev. C. D. Battelle, one of the pioneer Mechodiet Preactn In the spring of 1840, he removed to Harmar, Washington county, Ohio, and Silas T. Jewell. He conducted the business in com with Mr. Jewell for about two years, when he sold out his interest to Ri Pattin, Esq., and returned to Massachusetts to look after his property. Purchasing a team of horses and a spring wagon, he set out from the Ohio river in company with his wife and infant daughter, Almina, in June, and reached the banks of the Connecticut about the 'iret ot ae re entire journey of about one thousand miles was completed in six weeks.

The dusty, and travel-worn appearance of the company frequently caused them to be mistaken for homeless wanderers by the silliaies along the route and their kindly offers of help and sympathy had to be declined with thanks a number of times.

In 1843, Mr. Spaulding sold his farm to his brother, and determined to re: turn to Harmar, Ohio. eing fully satisfied with his experience in a common road-wagon, he made the return trip with his wife and daughter by steam-boat and rail to Philadelphia, and thence to Pittsburgh by canal. Arriving at Harmar he resumed the pump business with his old partner, Silas T. Jewell. This aden however, was dissolved within a year, Mr. Jewell retiring, and Mr pales continuing the business. Mr. Spaulding continued the manufacture of pumps ote to the time - as omen ye,| supplying the larger amount of pumps sold in eastern and southeastern Ohio, and likewi i dealers in Pittsburgh and Indiana. : pap irs Raine"

Mr. Spaulding is a man of careful business habits, and by practicing the strictest economy has succeeded in accumulating considerable property. He has not, however, always been fortunate in his investments outside of his regular business, having lost more than ten thousand dollars in various ventures. He was one of the owners of the ill-fated Harry Dean that burst her boilers in the Ohio, and burned to the water's edge in 1861. He was alsoa stockholder in the Harmar Bucket factory, which stock proved a total loss. His property at present cousists of real estate in Harmar, farming lands in Washington county, Ohio, and western lands, and he is likewise a partner in the queensware establishment of Richards & Co., Zanesville, Ohio.

Mr. Spaulding had no issue by his first wife, but ten children were the result of his second marriage. Of these four died in their infancy. Of those living Almina E., the eldest, is the wife, of Captain John A. Livesay, of the Pomeroy and Big Sandy line of steamers ; Abbie B., is the wife of Mr. A. S. Hale: M S. was married in 873 to Professor John 1. Duff ; Ella married Charles W. - who is engaged in the 5 pane business with Bosworth, Wells & Co.

arietta ; and Sarah is the wife of Lyman B. Fuller, who is engaged in the book-business in Marietta with C. E. Glines, Esq. Mr. Spaulding has but one son, Isaac, and he is yet unmarried.

_Mr. Spaulding has never held a civil office further than to represent his village in the town council, and in other like capacities where his sound judgment, and his conservative views have always been held in highesteem.

church he had built and which is the noblest monument to his memory. The master workmen who had been employed by him in the erection of this edifice, in accordance with Mr. Wards expressed desire, bore his remains to the grave, in Mound cemetery.

We have omitted mention of Mr. Ward's domestic relations. His home was one of happiness, and his family ever received his closest attention and most loving ministry. His first wife, whom he married in the autumn of 1817, was Miss S. C. Skinner, daughter of William Skinner, a prominent pioneer merchant of Marietta. Mr. Ward had seven children, five of whom survived him. One daughter, Ann Maria, who had reached maturity, died in 1839, and ason, Lafayette, died in infancy. his father's death, carried on his business, died in 1871. He left a son and a daughter, Agnes (the wife of A. B. White, of Lafayette, Indiana). The family name became extinct with the death of the son referred to, William Nahum Ward, in March, 1874. The four daughters of Nahum Ward are Sarah C. (Mrs. W. L. Rolston), Mary E. (Mrs. Charles R. Rhodes), Harriet C. (wife of Goodrich H. Barbour, of Cincinnati), and Henrietta D. (widow of E. G. Leonard, of the same city).

Nahum Ward's first wife died in 1844, and in 1848 he married Harriet Denny, of Worcester, Massachusetts, who survived her husband about twelve years, dying July 16, 1872, and leaving, by will, a large bequest to the church which Mr, Ward had founded.

Joseph Holden

Joseph Holden, for thirty years a prominent figure in the mercantile business, and for sixty years a universally respected and valuable citizen of Marietta, was born in Shirley, Massachusetts, December, 1769. He learned the carpenter trade and in 1803 came to Marietta. until 1807 he engaged in house-building exclusively, and after that time worked at the trade in connection with his mercantile business. He took a deep interest in building as long as he lived. In his old age he was frequently found where improvements were going on, offering friendly criticism. He opened a store in 1807, and continued in trade until 1837. He did business on an honest, straightforward liberal basis, and a large patronage enabled him to acquire a competence which was in after years, generously shared with the needy poor. Mr. Holden always had a place in the local political councils of his party, but never had aspirations for office. He was a Jeffersonian and in 1814 the majority party nominated him for county commissioner which he declined. He was afterwards appointed county treasurer, and discharged the duties of the office seven years. He became a Whig in Whig days, and his store was the place of meeting for the county politicians, when in town, Esquire Booth, Robert Johnson, Judge Rosing of Belpre, Judge Barker of Newport, and others were so often found there in consultation that the Brophy house, which was Democratic headquarters, named the store "Uncle

Joe Holden's senate." He was a Republican after the organization of that party. Mr. Holden was for years a director of the bank, and was held as a careful and sagacious business man. He was always kind to tenants and lenient to borrowers. He was modest and often secret in doing good works. It was his habit to quietly assist worthy young business men particularly, when selfish opposition placed them in heed of a friend. He manifested his public spirit in another way. So far as he was able to prevent it, no one was permitted to leave town on account of inability to secure property on favorable terms. He was always ready to sell, when by so doing he could encourage worthy enterprises. Mr. Holden died November 14, 1863 in the ninety-fourth year of his age. "As 'a fine old gentleman,' Mr. Holden was a model."

William Slocomb

William Slocomb was born in Franklin, Massachusetts, February 5, 1783. He came to Marietta, Ohio, as a resident in 1816. "At this place he became a teacher, and for many years was regarded as the leading instructor of youth, and as a prime authority on school matters in the Upper Ohio valley. The scene of his labors was partly in Wheeling, West Virginia. A whole generation in these regions felt the beneficent power of his influence in this relation."

In 1817 he became superintendent of a Sunday-school, established in what was known as the Buell school-house, near the corner of Greene and Second streets, Marietta. He was probably the founder of this school, which was the third established in Marietta - that of Mary Lake, in Campus Martius, being the first, and that established in Muskingum academy, under the influence of David Putnam, esq., in May, 1817, being the second. Mr. Slocomb's Sunday-school was opened about two weeks later than that in Muskingum academy.

William Slocomb was reared on his father's farm, and in his early manhood was a practical farmer. The hopes and expectations of his youth - to obtain an education in some college - were disappointed, but his zeal in the pursuit of learning was not wholly repressed by untoward circumstances. He dilligently used the means within his reach, and soon devoted himself wholly to teaching.

The difficulties under which he labored turned his mind to the consideration and devising some organization by which young men similarly situated in pecuniary matters might receive aid in the prosecution of studies, especially those desiring to labor in the Christian ministry. (He had made a profession of his faith in Christ at the age of seventeen.) With this object in view he was the leading instrument in the formation, in 1812, of the "Religious Charitable Society for the County of Worcester, Massachusetts," the principal design of which was the education of young men for the work of the ministry. This was one of the earliest movements in this direction in the country, and its influence, with that of some similar organizations, culminated in the for-

As before stated, Mr. Slocomb engaged in teaching when he came to Marietta. Failing health induced him to relinquish teaching. He then went into active business, at first engaged in the lumber business, afterwards in boots and shoes, in partnership with F. Buck. Books were soon added, as the call for them by the students of the college made such a business necessary in the town. Slocomb & Bigelow succeeded this firm.

William and S. Slocomb were, for a number of years, prominent merchants in Marietta. In 1844 William and S. Slocomb, with others, became members of the Marietta Ship company.

William Slocomb was intimately connected with the college during all his life here. He was a Presbyterian, but was for many years connected with the Congregational church, Marietta. He retired from business and removed to Rochester, New York, in 1855. ''For seventeen years he officiated as elder in St. Peter's (Presbyterian) church, Rochester, and kept the records of the church until he was eighty years of age. On his ninetieth birthday he received the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. Three months later 'he fell asleep.in Him who hath brought life and immortality to light', in the full exercise of his mental powers." He died in Rochester, New York, May 9, 1873.

Nathaniel Dodge was an older brother of Oliver Dodge, one of the first pioneers. He was from Hampton Falls, New Hampsheir, and came to Ohio in 1804. With him came his wife and four sons and two daughters. He purchased the brick house on Putnam street, of late years occupied by A. T. Nye, and which had been built by a Mr. Pool in 1802. Two of his sons - Oliver and Nathaniel - engaged in general mercantile business in Marietta. Oliver was in partnership with Augustus Stone, and afterwards belonged to the company which erected the Stone steam' mill in Harmar. Nathaniel formed a partnership with Jonathan Cram, and opened a store on Ohio street. He afterwards removed to Parkersburgh and engaged in business there.

Oliver, Dodge married Eudocia Wing, of Lowell, Ohio, and the children of their only son live in St. Louis. There are none bearing the name of Dodge, who belong to the family of Nathaniel Dodge, living in Ohio now. The daughters of Nathaniel Dodge, who came to Ohio with him, were Rebona and Hannah. Rebona married Colonel Augustus Stone, of Harmar; Hannah married Daniel Bosworth, of Marietta. In 1816 Jonathan Cram, who had married his daughter Sally in New Hampshire, came to Ohio with his family - wife and three children - for permanent residence. He had previously visited his father-in-law here in 1807 or 1808, having with him at that time his wife and one child. Mr. Cram's household goods were sent out by way of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh and Ohio river to Marietta. He, with his family, came by way of Clarksburgh, Virginia. Mrs. Cram and the children rode in a covered carriage, or gig. Mr. Cram and others in his employ had a large spring wagon. These were far more comfortable carriages than those in which the first pioneers came. Mr. Cram engaged in a successful mercantile business, and bought considerable real estate in Marietta, but he died at the early age of forty-one in 1821. His widow and children remained in Marietta. His sons became prominent citizens. John Oliver Cram, his oldest son, was a man of great energy, and became a leader in affairs relating to the improvement of the town. He established the mills now known as the Phcenix mills. He died at the age of forty-eight, November 7, 1860. Rebona, oldest daughter of Jonathan Cram, married A. T. Nye, of Marietta.

Nathaniel Dodge was a soldier of the .Revolution on the sea, and was taken prisoner by the British and confined in the terrible Jersey ship. He belonged to a family who never seemed to know what fear was. He was a good citizen; firm in his support of law and order. At one time when certain parties threatened to turn the court out of doors if some of their guilty friends were punished for their crimes, Captain Dodge quietly attended the sittings of the court for several days, carrying avery heavy caneand sitting near the judges. His presence intimidated the disaffected parties, and no disturbance occurred. In common with all the Revolutionary soldiers who came to Ohio in early days, he was a firm supporter of General Washington and his administration, and belonged to the Federal party. In the Jackson campaign some of the Jacksonians in derision of his political views, and probably of his New England birth, stuffed a cannon with cod-fish and fired it off toward his residence on the other side of the Muskingum. (He was then living near Harmar). Probably the captain had his revenge on them for he was a man of wit and of resources. At one time his family, being married and settled in Marietta, formed a very pleasant family circle, but their lives were short, and he and his wife and children have long rested side by side in Mound cemetery. He died May 1, 1838.

Colonel John Mills

John Mills was born in Marietta, in what was then the Northwest Territory, December 2, 1795. His father, William Mills, left Massachusets and came to this then four-year-old town in 1792. He was a captain in the regular army and was made commandant of the town,

The mother of John Mills was a notable woman, of earnest religious convictions, of strong intellect and large heart. She was clear headed to see and warm hearted to do whatever good work came to her hand. Her gracious manners and her cordial hospitality made her house a pleasant place of refuge to the wayfarer in the new country, and the door of her '' Prophet's chamber" always opened easily to give entrance to any servant of the Master. When she went to her grave, in a good old age, she left the legacy of a good and pure repute to be handed down from mothers to daughters in the town in which the greater part of her long life was spent. John Mills was thus blessed with beneficent home influences. He also enjoyed such means of education as the young town afforded, but had nothing beyond. Judging from results, he must have made good use of his opportunities. When he was eighteen years of age he entered the mercantile establishment of Dudley Woodbridge, who was at the time a leading merchant, and for many years after a prominent citizen of Marietta. The ability and integrity shown by the young clerk gained the confidence and approbation of his employer to such an extent that in three years, at the early age of twenty-one, he was taken into partnership by Mr. Woodbridge and placed in charge of a new store.

In this new position, his unwearied attention to business, his good judgment, and above all his incorruptible integrity, gained for him the respect and confidence of those with whom he dealt, and in consequence a large and profitable business was built up, the profits of which soon enabled him to buy out his senior partner and become sole owner and manager. Colonel Mills continued in the mercantile business for forty years, associating with himself now and then a young man who as a clerk had gained his confidence, and whom in this way he could help to make a better start in life.

Colonel Mills never confined his energies and his interests to the building up of a fortune, in order to add to the comforts and amenities of his private life. He was made on too large a scale for that. It is safe to say that for more than half a century no enterprise has been started in the community where he has lived that promised to result favorably to the mental, moral, or pecuniary interests of the people, to which he has not given his thoughts, his interest, and his money. He has always been ready to put his shoulder to the wheel and give what impulse he could to every good cause, bearing in all things his full share of the burden, and generally making a liberal estimate as to what that share was. He has been a trustee in Marietta college from its establishment in 1835, and was the treasurer, without compensation, for fifteen years. His duty, as he construed it, in this position, was quite beyond the common. He paid out money, sometimes to the extent of thousands of dollars, when the treasury of the college presented the sight of that abhorred thing - a vacuum. Besides these temporary loans he has given outright to the village about twenty-five thousand dollars. But his counsel and his influence have been worth more to the institution than his money, acceptable as that has been. With an intellect acute and logical, it is one of his peculiarities to always provide for whatever difficulties there are in the present, or are likely to be in the future; and to know when breakers are to be approached often secures their avoidance. With judgment as cool and careful as it was clear, with an interest altogether untiring and never changing, except to increase in proportion to difficulties, he has always been ready to help steer the bark, no matter how rough the waters through which the craft was forced to go.

For more than forty years Colonel Mills has been an efficient member of the Congregational church, through which his contributions have gone out to bless the world in all the channels through which the church has made its influence felt. Among the members of the church, he is, and always has been, one of the most liberal givers, both for the support of the church and the various objects it has sought to promote.

During fifteen years he was president of the Bible society in Washington county, and to this, as to every other good cause, he gave his earnest effort and efficient help.

The record of Colonel Mills in connection with banks and banking interests is one of which he might well be proud if he were ever proud of anything. The bank of Marietta, the first National in the State, was incorporated in 1808. Of this bank Colonel Mills was chosen director in 1824. David Putnam, William R. Putnam, James Whitney, William Skinner, Colonel A. Stone, and Joseph Holden, all prominent men, made up the board of directors. It was something of an honor for John Mills, the youngest man in the board, to be chosen president of the bank in 1825. This position he retained until, by limitation, the charter of the bank expired in 1843. Colonel Mills was a director and a part of the time president of the Marietta branch of the State bank, established in 1845 and continued till 1863, at which date the Marietta National bank was organized. He was a director in this bank during its continuance. He is now (January, 1881) a director in the First National bank of Marietta. There have been diverse and terrible commercial crises during this long period, in which banks have gone down like ships in a raging sea, yet no bank with which Colonel Mills was connected has ever struck its colors, or declared itself insolvent.

Colonel Mills is the largest stockholder in the Marietta Chair company, and president of thesame. This is the largest manufacturing establishment in the place, and gives employment to some two hundred and fifty laborers. This manufactory has been an invaluable benefit to many in the town who depend upon labor for their support. During the recent years of hard times and scant employment, now happily over and gone, the work furnished by the chair factory kept the wolf from entering the door of many a home. In the days when ship-building was one of the industries of the place, Colonel Mills took an interest in it and gave it his influence and his aid.

The town of Marietta, having two rivers, ready made, for travel and commerce, was thought by the average inhabitant to be sufficiently blessed for either and both purposes. But these rivers were nearly dry one part of the year, and frozen up another part, so that as modes of transit they were not so convenient as might be. To the far-seeing eye of Colonel Mills it seemed certain that there must be a surer and swifter way of coming and going, if this mother of the great State of Ohio were not to be left behind and looked down upon by her more enterprising and thriving daughters. Conviction led to effort, and to him as much as to anyone else was due the inception of the Marietta & Cincinnati railroad, the first to connect the place by iron bars with the outside world. The obstacles to the completion of the work were numerous, and the difficulties great, but the work was finally accomplished, though, as is often true, the pecuniary profits went into the pockets of those who came into the field at the eleventh hour and had no share in bearing the heat and burden of the day. The originators and chief executors of the enterprise lost every dollar they invested therein. As a reward for their labors and losses they have the comfort of feeling that they have been the means of bestowing a benefaction upon the community. Only this, and nothing more.

One of the leading characteristics of the subject of this sketch has always been a spirit of helpfulness. Quick to see a want, he has also a nice discrimination that shows him how and when to relieve it. There are many men scattered over the country who are ready to rise up and call him blessed for the helping hand he has extended to them in a critical tine, when they would not have breasted the waves that were gaping to overwhelm them without the. aid he gave them. And here, where his home has been for so many long years, there are many men who have comfortable homes, with the title deed in their own names, who are indebted to him for the timely aid which enabled them to secure the desired possession. A loan of a few hundred dollars, with easy terms of payment, has helped them to obtain the boon which otherwise would have been beyond their reach. And when a poor woman wanted a cow to assist her in the support of her children, she knew that he was the one to whom to go to get the help she needed, for had not her neighbor done the same and been successful? The fine humanity of the man is better shown in these private and unostentatious charities, of which no one knows but the recipient, than in those larger works of which the world cannot help taking cognizance. They also show that with a mind capacious enough to comprehend the largest interests and work out great problems to satisfactory results, there is also room for the small things of life, and those that affect the happiness of the lowly.

Colonel Mills has been twice married. First in 1824 to Deborah Selden Wilson, who belonged to a family noted for ability, and she possessed a full share of the family inheritance. She had the tact and energy and large mindedness that enabled her to fill well the position in which her marriage placed her. Well fitted to be a leader any where, if she chose, she curbed her ambition and made it subservient to ruling well her household, and making her guests, who were many, feel the | charm of her cordial hospitality and ready appreciation of their wants and feelings. Her death, in 1842, was a sad calamity' to her family, and a loss to the church of which she was a member, and the society which she had graced by her presence. She left three daughters, Martha Spencer Mills, who married the Rev. George M. Maxwell, D. D., and now lives in Wyoming, Ohio, and Sarah Mills, the wife of Colonel I. C. Elston, a banker in Crawfordsville, Indiana. In 1845 Colonel Mills was married to Dorotha Webster, of Newburyport, Massachusetts. They have two sons - John, who is in business in Marietta, and William Webster, who is connected with a bank in Crawfordsville, Indiana. Fortunately for him and for the world, the mother of the sons is still living; and now at the age of four score and five years, Colonel Mills presents almost an ideal picture of a serene and beautiful old.age. His mind is as far-seeing and shrewd as ever, a spice of humor, which has always given piquancy to his conversation, still shows itself; even the merry twinkle in his eye has not forsaken its place. He takes catholic views of all subjects, is never narrow, never confined in his sympathies by creeds or partial interests. His sympathies are as broad as the needs of humanity, and he takes an eager interest in all that concerns the world's progress. Of fine personal appearance, his graciousness is only equalled by his modesty, which has always encompassed him asa garment. He possesses the reverent respect of all with whom he has had to do, and the love of those who have had the privilege of drawing near to him. His pleasant home is surrounded by tasteful grounds, in which beautiful flowers, cultivated to a considerable extent by his own hands, love to give out their fragrance and show their beauty. But to him the crowning blessing is the companionship of her who is keeping step with him in the way that takes hold on eternal life - one for whom heaven is waiting, and who seems to have been lent to earth for a season, in order to show what manner of spirit they are of, who walk by the River of Life.

And so Colonel John Mills, full of years, of charity, of patience, of hope and of faith, is waiting for the summons to join the innumerable company of those who have fought a good fight, and have been received into the. Home prepared for them, to go no more out forever.

Anselm Tupper Nye

Anselm Tupper Nye, son of Ichabod Nye, pioneer of 1788, was born in the southwest block-house at Campus Martius, Marietta, November 9, 1797. This block-house had been the residence of Governor St. Clair, and was purchased by Ichabod Nye after the close of the Indian war. The mother of Anselm T. Nye was Minerva, daughter of General Benjamin Tupper. The first school he attended was kept by Miss Henrietta Morris in the stockade. All the public instruction which he received after leaving Miss Morris was obtained at the

Muskingum academy. His first teacher there was David Putnam ; other teachers were David Gilmore, Benjamin F, Stone, Morris B. Belknap, Timothy E. Davidson. In 1816 he was a pupil in the academy six months under Elisha Huntington, a graduate of Dartmouth college. At that time he studied Murray's grammar, higher arithmetic and rhetoric. This ended his school days, but in 1817 he united with Mr. Huntington, Benjamin Putnam and Alexander Lawson in a reading club, The meetings of this club were held in the bank, usually called the old bank, which stood near the Meigs house, on Front street. Each member had selections to make and to read from good authors. A record was kept of books read. The benefit derived from this club was marked, historical, political and scientific works being chiefly read and discussed.

The business career of Mr. Nye began when he was very young. In 1812 he was placed by his father in his store on Putnam street, during the absence of his brother, Horace Nye, the manager of the business in the northwest frontier, where he had gone as brigade major and inspector. While in this store, however, his spare time was occupied in the study of arithmetic, geography and history, without a teacher. Here he continued six months, and in 1813 was sent by his father to assist his brothers, who were engaged in the mercantile business in Putnam, Ohio. In 1816 he returned to school fora time. In 1817, 1818 and a part of 1819, he was again in the store at Marietta. In 1819 he was placed by his father in charge of a stock of goods at Waterford, Ohio. In 1824 he purchased the stock of goods at Waterford of his father, and engaged in business under his own name. For several years after this, business was in a state of great depression. The sales of farm products were very limited. The only outlet for the products of this vicinity was down the river, and there was some trade with the Kanawha salt works, but money was extremely scarce. Nothing could be sent across the mountains at that time with profit, except wool, the expense of transportation being so great. The construction of the New York canal and the Ohio canal helped the country very much, opening a trade with the east which had not been enjoyed before, The Ohio canal was commenced in 1825, and the connection thus made with the Erie and New York canal gave a permanent market for western produce. From that time, wheat, flour and pork have been staple commodities of Ohio.

In May, 1826, Mr. Nye put his business at Waterford into the care of a young man, and came to Marietta to assist his brother, Arius, who had been appointed cashier of the bank of Marietta, supposing he could give a portion of his time to the business at Waterford. But his duties at the bank absorbed his whole time, and in the fall of 1828 he entered into a partnership with Dr. George N. Gilbert, of Belpre, and removed his goods from Waterford to that place, wherea new store was opened under the name of George N. Gilbert & Co. At the end of four years, in consequence of a change in the proportion of capital engaged, the firm was changed to Nye & Gilbert; in 1836 the firm was again changed to Gilbert,

Tyler & Co. In 1840 Mr. Nye ceased to be connected with the business. In January, 1830, he entered into the foundry business, which is still continued under the name of A. T. Nye & Son, and of which anaccount is given elsewhere. In this business his brother, Ichabod H. Nye, was associated with him, and at a later date his nephew, Rothius Hayward. As all the business connections of Mr. Nye are elsewhere mentioned in this book, it is not necessary to enter into any detailed account of them here. From 1826 to 1838 he was assistant cashier of the bank of Marietta; trom 1838 to 1842, cashier, and from 1842 to 1847, clerk of the trustees of the bank.

He was a member of the Marietta Ship company, 1844 to 1848, and of the Marietta Bucket factory, 1847 to 1869, and in 1848 began under his own supervision the hardware business now known as the Nye Hardware company.

The public offices he has held are as follows: 1818 and 1824 to 1827, captain in the militia; for several years, beginning 1824, justice of the peace in Waterford; mayor of Marietta several years after 1836, and again in 1849, one year; 1856 to 1862, member of the city council of Marietta; 1863 to 1868, city clerk; 1827 to 1833, county commissioner; and was also township trustee. He was one of the original corporators of Marietta library, founded in 1829. He is one of the trustees of Marietta college, having held that position from its foundation, and in his connection with the college has been trustee of the permanent charitable fund, and was for about thirty years financier of the college.

In February, 1833, he united with the Congregational church in Marietta, and in 1834 was elected deacon. He continued to hold that office until 1878, when he was elected by the church deacon emeritus. In connection with his duties as church member, he served as clerk from 1839 until 1873, and was for a number of years superintendent of the Sunday-school, having been a teacher in it from its first organization, in 1817.

About 1869, his eyesight having become very much impaired, Mr. Nye was compelled to retire from active business, his sons taking the management for him.

Mr. Nye has seen almost the whole growth of the State of Ohio. He was born before the old pioneeers had passed away, and knew them. In everything that has been for the good of the town in which he has spent his life he has been a ready helper, advancing every moral and civil interest, and often the leader in important reforms. 'The cause of temperance has always had his support. He was among the first to aid in forming a temperance society in Marietta, and was perhaps the very first among the merchants to discontinue the sale of liquor in his business, having stopped in 1828.

Since retiring from active business he has contributed much to our local history in the preparation of historical articles published in the Marietta Register.

Douglas Putnam

stone house still standing near the west bank of the Muskingum), April 7, 1806. He had five brothers and two sisters who lived to maturity, viz: Benjamin, Charles Marsh, Peter Radcliffe, David, George, and Catharine H., and Elizabeth. Mr. Putnam's christian name, it may be remarked, was derived from his grandmother, the wife of Dr. Elisha Perkins, who was originally a Douglas, and a descendant of the Scotch family of that name, famous 1n history.

Mr. Putnam's boyhood was passed at his home, but in 1820, at the age of fourteen, he was sent away to school. He attended academy in Plainfield and Norwich, Connecticut, and entered Yale college in 1822 He would have graduated from this institution with the class of 1826, but in the fall of 1825, his brother Benjamin haying died, and his father's health being poor, it was deemed advisable that he should return to Marietta and assist him in his business. His father, in addition to landed interests of his own, had become agent for a large number of the non-resident shareholders of the Ohio company. The son, entering the office in 1825, remained for twenty years his father's assistant. He developed early those correct and exact business methods which, later in life, led to a very pronounced success. In 1845 his father transferred to him his entire business. During all the years since that time Mr. Putnam has carried on the real estate business, devoting the larger part of his time and attention to it, although many other interests have claimed a share. He was director for fifteen years of the old Cincinnati & Belpre railroad company, and with others labored zealously to secure such a location of the great east and west road as would give Marietta the fullest advantages of rail communication. He was a director of the old bank of Marietta, before its charter expired in 1842, and of the Marietta branch of the State bank; also a director in the Marietta National bank, and for a few years its president. The wooden ware factory, now operated by Putnam, Sons & Co., was established by Mr. Putnam, and during the past thirty years has been most of the time in active operation, benefitting the community by giving employment to a large number of men. The subject of our sketch was also interested for some years in the operation of an iron furnace in Vinton county. ,

The real estate business, however, conducted by him continuously and constantly for the past thirty-five years, has been, as we have already said, the principal field of Mr. Putnam's business activity and the chief source of the liberal fortune which he has amassed. Mr. Putnam has dealt almost entirely in the Ohio company's lands and has sold generally in small parcels to people who have made themselves homes. His business has thus been one of more solidity of character than it would have possessed had it been conducted on a purely speculative basis, and its profits if more slowly accruing have perhaps been surer than those which could have been obtained from a more rapid handling of property and heavier transactions. Doubtless the manner in which Mr. Putnam's wealth has been obtained has in some measure influenced him in the method of its disposition

He is conservative and careful; has always maintained an exactness of method in all of his dealings; and giving his personal attention to the details as well as to general features, has had a knowledge of his affairs far more definite than is usually possessed by men controlling equally extensive business. He has dealt directly with the men who have bought and settled upon his lands, and while usually enforcing with proper and necessary firmness the conditions of agreements, he has never been in the least degree oppressive in his measures nor taken undue advantages of a purchaser. Not an acre of the many thousands which have passed through Mr. Putnam's hands has been conveyed except upon terms which were intended to be just. Few men in a business so beset with difficulties, by its very nature so frequently looked upon with a prejudice, could escape reasonable or unreasonable censure as Mr, Putnam has done.

But it is not alone as the substantial and successful man of business that we have to speak of Douglas Putnam. He has been a man of sterling worth to the community in which he has dwelt and filled a sphere of noble usefulness. The acts of his benevolence have been many, large, varied in their nature, practical and judicious. His use of money has demonstrated his worthiness of the possession of wealth. He was one of the founders of Marietta college and has ever been its steadfast friend, giving the institution the constant benefit of his influence, services and benevolence. His first gift to the college was two hundred dollars, his largest twenty-five thousand dollars and the total amount of his contributions has been upwards of fifty thousand dollars, The successive donations seem to have been increased in amount with the increase of ability to give. The maintainance and constant development of this line of benevolence has indicated a remarkable continuance of interest and a devoted friendship. While Mr. Putnam has been the largest donor to the college he has aided its advancement by other means. The trustees and the faculty have ever felt the influence of his sanguine hope for the future of the institution and his encouragement during the less promising period of its history. He has often in the time of need assisted the college by securing for it credit, and his practical business knowledge has been of large value in the management of its finances. Mr. Putnam was one of the first trustees of the college and has continuously served in that capacity during the period of its existence - over forty-five years. During most of these years he has been also a member of the executive committee. He has been secretary of the college from the first and has signed in that capacity every diploma that has been issued from 1838 to 1881 inclusive. Mr. Putnam's length of service to this substantial institution of learning, the varied forms of his assistance and the unswerving constancy of his devotion to its interests have rendered the relation one of peculiar and almost unique value and pleasantness. President Andrews has said that, without two such friends as Mr. Putnam and Colonel John Mills, Marietta college could scarcely have maintained an existence.

Mr. Putnam, of which only the recipients and himself have had knowledge, and the church has also been a channel through which his benevolence has had a constant outlet. In this connection we may remark that he became a member of the Congregational church of Marietta soon after his return from college, in 1825, and remained one of its communicants until the organization of a society of the same denomination in Harmar, in 1840. He was for ten years a deacon in the Marietta church, and for the past forty-one years has held that office in the Congregational church of Harmar. He is well known in Congregational circles throughout the State. It is worthy of note that, while Mr. Putnam has been prominently identified with local charities, his philanthropy has also been directed to the broader field of the betterment of humanity in general. His reputation for benevolence has not been confined to his home. We find his name enrolled among those of the leading spirits of the great philanthropic societies of the east. Since 1851 he has been a vice-president of the American Home Missionary society, and is the third oldest upon the roster. Since 1853 he has been a corporate member of the American board of commissioners for foreign missions, and he is one of the vice-presidents of the American Missionary association.

Mr. Putnam has not been a public man in a political capacity. The people of Washington county elected him early in life as one of their commissioners, and he held that office by successive reelections for fifteen years. He has been affiliated with the Whig and Republican parties, but has taken only a citizen's interest in politics. While he has not sought elective offices, and has had a distaste for political preferment, he has occupied by appointment (or by election entirely unsought) several positions of honor and prominence for which he was peculiarly fitted. Thus, in 1846, his knowledge of the lands in southeastern Ohio led to his choice as a member of the first State board of equalization ever constituted in Ohio, and he served by appointment of Governor Hayes, upon the board of 1870. Very appropriately, considering his extensive practical knowledge of the subject in general, he was appointed by Governor Hayes, in 1866, a member of the first board of State charities, in which capacity he served two terms, or until the efficiency of the board was annulled by the unwise refusal of the legislature to make appropriations for it.

Mr. Putnam has been married three times. His first wife, to whom he was joined February 16, 1831, was Mary Ann, daughter of Dr. Samuel P. Hildreth. She died in 1842,and upon May 16, 1844, Mr. Putnam married Mrs. Eliza Tucker, a daughter of Levi Whipple, of Putnam (now the ninth ward of Zanesville), Ohio. Her death occurred September 9, 1862. In 1867 Mr. Putnam was united, at Springfield, Massachusetts, with his present wife, who was Mrs. Sarah C. Dimond.

Mr. Putnam has been the father of seven children - five by his first wife and two by his second. Two died in infancy, and a third, Benjamin Perkins Putnam, in maturity, in the year 1870. Those now living are: Samuel Hildreth, who occupies the old homestead in Harmar; Douglas, jr, located at Ashland, Kentucky, in charge of a large furnace; Mary Hildreth (the wife of Dr. Frank H. Bosworth, of New York) and Lizzie, living at home.

The Hon. William Parker Cutler, of Marietta, belongs to a family which in three generations has performed distinguished service for the State. He is the grandson of Manasseh Cutler, LL. D., and the son of Judge Ephraim Cutler.

Mr. Cutler was born in Warren township, Washington county, Ohio, July 12, 1812. He became a member of the class which graduated from the Ohio university at Athens in 1833, but was prevented by ill health from advancing farther than the junior year in his studies.

He was elected by the Whigs a member of the Ohio legislature in 1844, and_ twice re-elected, speaker of the house in the session of 1846-47.

In 1860 he was elected by the Republicans a member of the Thirty-seventh Congress. Mr. Cutler's public services have been of a high and noble kind. The measures which he has labored to promote have been great and good ones. It has been his splendid privilege to labor for and witness the final complete triumph of the principle of freedom which Manasseh Cutler made _possible in the ordinance of 1787, and which Judge Ephraim Cutler assisted fifteen years later. It is pleasant to note that in Congress Mr. Cutler made ringing speeches in denunciation of slavery, and in favor of its abolishment before it was commonly considered that the overthrow of that evil would follow as a result of the war, and that in earlier years his influence was exerted in advancing public opinion upon the "peculiar institution." He has ever held the radical views upon the slavery question which might be expected from his parentage, if from no other source. In May, 1857, he was a member of the United States Presbyterian general assembly which met in Cleveland, and offered a resolution to that body designed to make the advocacy and support of slavery a subject of church discipline as contrary to its standards.

But not in political life alone has Mr. Cutler been useful to the community, in which he has lived, and to the State. He has been a zealous laborer in almost every line of moral and material improvement. The cause of education has always received his hearty support, both fn the exercise of influence and in financial aid. He has been for a long term of years a trustee of Marietta college. The church with which he is connected and others have had in him a warm friend, as has also every good institution of the community, every substantial reform and progressive movement. From 1847 to 1868 he was much engaged in promoting the construction of the Marietta & Cincinnati railroad, and during that period he was either president or vice-president and general superintendent of the road. To no man have the people of Marietta and southeastern Ohio been more indebted for their railroad advantages than to Mr. Cutler. He was the prime mover in the establishment of the Hocking Valley railroad in 1867, and in the inauguration of the Marietta, Pittsburgh & Cleveland railroad enterprise, in 1868. Since then he has, as contractor, built over four hundred miles of railroad in Indiana and Illinois. His career of activity is not closed. What may be its achievements time will develop. That his remaining years will not be spent in idleness the character of the man and the nature of his past works are sufficient guarantee. Whatever the future may add, however much or little, it will be said of Mr. Cutler's life that it has been one of success - one of broad benefit to his fellow men, flowing from a conscientious devotion to the highest human duties.

Mr. Cutler married, November 1, 1849, Elizabeth Williamson Voris, daughter of Dr. William and Elizabeth W. (Means) Voris, of Adams county, Ohio, and granddaughter of Colonel John Means, who, "'believing slavery to bea moral and political evil," removed from South Carolina in 1819, to Ohio, bringing his slaves with him, setting them free, and providing liberally for their support. Mr. and Mrs. Cutler have had six children, of whom but one is living. William Ephraim was born October 20, 1851, and died August 21, 1852, aged ten months, Annie Elizabeth, born July 24, 1853, died January 11, 1864. Sarah Julia, born January 10, 1856, is living with her parents. Ephraim Sumner, born April 9, 1858, died August 5, 1860. Margaret Jane, born January 9, 1861, died April 18, 1861. William Means, born January 29, 1867, died October 8, 1870.

Israel Ward Andrews, Ll. D.

"Israel Ward Andrews, son of William and Sarah (Parkhill) Andrews, was born at Danbury, Connecticut, January 3, 1815. After his graduation from Williams college in 1837, he taught an academy at Lee, Massachusetts, and was appointed tutor at Marietta college in the fall of 1838. In April, 1839, he was elected professor of mathematics, and in January, 1855, president."

The following notice of Dr. Andrews understood to be from the pen of Professor George R. Rosseter, appeared in the College Olio of June 29, 1880, which date was the twenty-fifth anniversary of his accession to the presidency of the college:

For many reasons we are expecting that the coming commencement will be of unusual interest. On each return of this fete day of our Alma Mater all her children and all her friends have their hearts warm with kindly feeling. Many an alumnus and many an old friend of the college wil find a special reason for emotions both tender and joyful in the fact that at this commencement, Dr. Andrews will have filled out the term of twenty-five years in the service of the college as its president.

Graduated at Williams in 1837, in 1838 Dr. Andrews came here as tutor. In 1839 he was elected professor of mathematics and natural philosophy. For sixteen years he occupied this chair. During all this time his natural aptness for affairs, and his willingness to do all he could for the college, resulted in the assignment to him of many of the incidental duties of the faculty, which belong to no one professor's work, and yet whose prompt and accurate performance is essential to the welfare of the college. For five years, from 1850 to 1855, he was the college treasurer. Upon the resignation of the presidency by Dr. Smith in 1855, the trustees, without for a moment looking elsewhere, elected Professor Andrews, president of the college.

Twenty-five years have passed since he was inducted into this office, Forty-two years of service he has given to Marietta college. Of the four hundred and ninety-eight alumni of our college, President Andrews has known each one personally. It is doubtful if a similar record can be found in the annals of any of our American colleges.

There are few offices which bring with them heavier burdens and responsibilities than that of president of a college. The duty of instruction - the duty of government, the duty of general oversight and of financial management, all rest heavily upon the president.

The old students of Marietta never tire of telling of the excellence of Dr. Andrews, as an instructor - of his masterly grasp of the subject, his clearness in unfolding it - his power of interesting the student, and of inspiring enthusiasm, and above all of the influence of his example of thorough scholarship, in stimulating them to thoroughness in all their work. Undoubtedly it is in the recitation room that a college officer must show himself strong. The unanimous voice of his students for forty-two years has pronounced Dr. Andrews, STRONG.

In the discipline and general government of the college, President Andrews has been remarkably happy. Unyielding in essentials, he has yet been flexible in minor matters, and good order and thoroughly faithful study have been the rule. There have been but few serious cases of discipline, and none which have not readily yielded to his skill. The quiet assumption that the students have gathered here for study, and for gentlemanly conduct toward officers and fellow-students, has been largely successful in securing what was desired. The kindly greetings which Dr. Andrews finds awaiting him all over the land, when he meets one of the alumni, is a sufficient proof that the memory of college days recalls him with only agreeable associations.

The growth of Marietta college in all the essentials of a sound institution of learning - sure and enduring, even if it has been slower than her friends would wish - establishes clearly the wisdom of the management of its affairs by Dr. Andrews.

It was indeed a fortunate day for Marietta college when President Mark Hopkins recommended I. W. Andrews to the trustees of Marietta as one from whom they might expect faithful and efficient service.

Dyer Burgess

Rev. Dyer Burgess was born in Springfield, Vermont, December 27, 1784. At the age of sixteen years, soon after his conversion, he began to preach as a Methodist minister, but finding his views more in accordance with Congregationalism, he joined that church and studied theology with the Rev. Dr. Wines. He was ordained at Colebrook, Vermont, but came to Ohio in 1816 and was received into Miami Presbytery from the Northern association of Vermont September 2, 1817. About this time he established the Presbyterian church in Piqua, Ohio. His early ministerial labors were in the southeastern part of Ohio. In 1840, he was employed to preach in Warren, Washington county. His first marriage was with Miss Isabella Ellison, with whom he lived in West Union, Adams county, until her death in 1829. In 1842*he married Mrs, Elizabeth W. Voris, but had no children by either wife.

For many years prior to his removal to Warren he was a member of the Chillicothe presbytery, the associate and peer of Dr. R. G. Wilson, president of the Ohio university, Drs, Williamson, Gililand, Carothers, Dickey,

Rankin and others, leading and influential ministers of the Gospel in that region. These gentlemen were born and educated_in South Carolina amidst the influences of slavery, and left their native clime in obedience to the dictates of an enlightened conscience, aroused to the evils resulting from that system. They were all strong men, and Mr. Burgess entered most heartily into their views upon the subject of slavery, and became the leading and prominent abolitionist of that day. He was a member of the Presbyterian general assembly of 1818, and presented a paper upon the subject of slavery, which led to the adoption of the celebrated declaration of that body condemning the whole system. His personal appearance and address were such as well qualified him to lead in the discussion of a subject that absorbed the attention of all, and at that time excited the positive hostility of a large majority of his hearers. At one time, while travelling on an Ohio river steamboat, a rope was prepared for his neck, from which he was saved only by the prompt and efficient interference of friends.

He was strongly enlisted in opposition to Masonry, and at one time published a newspaper in Cincinnati upon that subject. His views upon temperance and the use of tobacco were as positive as upon other subjects ; and boldness as well as the personal power that he exhibited in the discussion of all such topics gave him the marked characteristics of a radical reformer. Notwithstanding the energy and decisive persistency with which he supported his own views, often giving the .impression of rancor and ill-will, yet he was one of the most enjoyable of companions. Having an extensive personal acquaintance, and a memory fully stored with early reminiscences, he possessed also a most happy faculty of communicating his thoughts, while all acrimony disappeared by close contact in social intercourse.

He not only maintained his early literary acquisitions, but kept his knowledge of the classics bright by daily use of the Greek Testament, making it a constant and special study. His labors as minister of the Gospel were in the Presbyterian churches of Belpre, Warren and Watertown, although not confined to any as pastor. He died August 31, 1872.

His second wife was the daughter of Colonel John Means, who moved from South Carolina at the same time and for the same reasons that induced Drs. Wilson, Gilliland, Williamson and others to seek in Ohio a refuge from the evils of slavery. Colonel Means brought all his slaves with him to Adams county, gave them their freedom there, and supplied their wants until they could support themselves. Mrs. Burgess still lives with her daughter, Mrs. W. P. Cutler, a most intelligent lady, the liberal friend of the poor, whose Christian virtues and deeds reach back through more than half a century, and brighten the evening sky of a devoted and most useful life.

Harlow Chapin

It is a pleasure to outline the life of a prominent and wealthy man, whose success is the reward of earnest, honest and intelligent effort. Such a man is Harlow Chapin, of Harmar. The Chapin family in the United States is descended from Deacon Samuel Chapin, who emigrated from England and settled at Springfield, Massachusetts, and perhaps, more remotely, from a French Huguenot family of that name. The descendants of Deacon Samuel Chapin number more than fifteen hundred individuals. Seymour Chapin his great-grandson, was related to the Seymours of Connecticut. He married Achsa Hulet, of Massachusetts, in 1802, and settled in New Marlborough, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, where Harlow, the subject of our sketch, was born, November 29, 1804. The family consisted of five children, Harlow being the oldest. Levi L. lives in Medina village; Joshua died in Harmar, where he was engaged in business enterprises; Caroline L., wife of William C. Hall, lives in Medina; Electa, first wife of William C. Hall, died at Medina; and Oscar D., died at Saginaw, Michigan, where he had been engaged in the lumber trade.

In 1816 Seymour Chapin with his family emigrated from Massachusetts and settled in Medina county, Ohio, then a thick and almost unbroken forest. But little favored with opportunities for acquiring an education, Harlow yet advanced rapidly, especially in mathematics, for which he had a special aptitude. Hunting the game and fur-bearing animals of the forest was his favorite sport, and solving the abstract propositions of mathematics his favorite study. After completing a partial course at the school at Canton he began life for himself, first as a school teacher. Whatever he undertook was carried through with that spirit of determination and selfreliance which is an important element in the character of the man.

Mr. Chapin taught school at Massillon, Ohio, then a small village, for two winters. In 1829 he was givena place on the corps of engineers then at work on the Ohio canal. A field of labor for which he was peculiarly qualified was now open. Although received under a temporary engagement, his services were found too valuable to be dispensed with. Upon the completion of the canal he was given a section to superintend. This employment occupied his time until 1834, when he was called to Dresden, Ohio, to supervise the erection of a lock near that place. It was found expedient by the board of public works to enlarge the reservoir at Licking Summit, Licking county, and the supervision of this important work was intrusted to the man who seven years before, without any experience, was received to fill a temporary vacancy.

In 1837 an act was passed by Congress authorizing the improvement of the Muskingum by the construction of dams and locks. The most difficult and extensive of these works is at the mouth of the river, the contract for the construction of which was awarded to Mr. Chapin, for the sum, in round numbers, of one hundred and thirty thousand dollars. After this contract had been fulfilled, he took 'two small contracts, on Ohio river im-

While engaged on the Ohio canal at Massillon, Mr. Chapin formed an attachment for Hannah Earl, daughter of Gilbertharp Earl, a highly respected farmer in the vicinity. She was born July 26, 1807. They were married October 23, 1833. Her brother, William Earl, will be remembered as an early merchant at Beverly where he managed a store owned by Chapin, Fearing & Earl. He is also well known among Odd Fellows, having for many years been secretary of the Grand Lodge of the State.

Mr. and Mrs. Chapin have had six children. Cornelia Maria, was born September 25, 1834. She was married, November 19, 1856, to William H. Crawford, and is now living in Bay City, Michigan. Sarah Earl was born July 20, 1836; she was married to Charles B. Collier, September 22, 1857, and resides in Philadelphia. Henry E. Chapin, born July 16, 1838, married Anna Chappelle, and resides in Bay City, Michigan. Arthur B., was born December 28, 1840; married Electa W. Barber, November 29, 1866, and lives in Saginaw City, Michigan. Charles Seymour was born October 25, 1844; died February 16, 1848. Leander R. was born May 19, 1848; married Anna Young, and lives in Harmar.

Mr. and Mrs. Chapin resided at Zanesville from 1834 till 1835, and at Hebron till 1837, since which time Harmar has been their home. Mr. Chapin in charge of a company of twenty-one men, crossed the continent in 1849, and engaged in mining and dealing in stock in California, for a period of two years. Since his return he has been living in comparative retirement.

The citizens of Harmar have testified their appreciation of his character by electing him mayor of their village twenty-one years. Out of deference to his wishes they occasionally gave him a rest, during the period of one term, but at the end of that term he was again pressed into the service. Mr. Chapin was a member of the Electoral college of Ohio in 1844, and is proud of having cast a vote for the distinguished patriot and statesman, Henry Clay, who was at the time the most able representative of his political ideas. He was a member of the Constitutional convention of 1873. To represent Washington county in a body of this character is no ordinary honor. His practical knowledge of public works and a long experience in business affairs, gave him a peculiar fitness for the place, which his fellow citizens recognize by voting for him regardless of party lines.

Mr. Chapin is a man of affairs and a close student of current events as presented and discussed in the public press. Dogmas and theories have little attraction for him. His intellect is deep enough and broad enough to solve the problems, which daily intrude themselves upon every active man, in a simple and practical way.

Grace and hospitality characterize the Chapin home. Mr. Chapin is strong in body, keen in mind and interesting in conversation. Mrs. Chapin, while physically not so fortunate, is a woman of rare beauty of character.

The California company, referred to above, is worthy of more extended notice. The discovery of gold, in 1848, caused an excitement in which the whole civilized world participated. This excitement in Washington county resulted in the formation of a company to carry on mining operations. Two boards of directors were chosen - one to watch over the interests of the company at home, the other to carry on operations in California. The Harmar board consisted of Darwin E. Gardner, agent; Henry Fearing, E. W. T. Clark, L. Chamberlain, and Asa Soule, advisors. The California board consisted of Harlow Chapin, agent; Abijah Hulet and A, G. Hovey, advisors.

The object of the company was to send a party of men to labor in California for the company. The primary stock was to be at least three thousand dollars. The third article of the rules declared 'At least twenty ablebodied men shall be selected by the company, who shall bind themselves to go to California. and faithfully labor under the direction of the agents duly appointed, from the time of their departure from Harmar, in April A. D., 1849, until first of April, A. D., 1851." The party which accepted the pledge and left Harmar on the steamer Hamburgh, April 23, 1849, consisted of the following gentlemen: Harlow Chapin, agent; Abijah Hulet and Albert G. Hovey, advisors; Henry Clark, clerk; Charles Cutler, Gage H. Drown, Moses A. Williams, T. Johnson, Allen M. Crabaum, William Bisbee, William Irwin, Edward Hulett, Almer P. Soule, Henry Erehom, John Mills (of Virginia), E. C. Carter, Samuel R. Hammet, Jeremiah Evans, William Flick, George Roe and Paul Fearing.