Morrow County, Ohio - Chapter 9 (1 of 2 so headed), 1880 (part 2 of 2)

In 18(10, the seat of government of the Northwest Territory was removed, by law of Congress, from Cincinnati to Chillicothe. The sessions of the Territorial Assembly for that and the next year were held in a small two-story, hewed-log house, erected in 1798, by Bazil Abrams. A wing was added to the main part, of two stories in lieight. In the lower room oi' this wing, Col. Thomas (iihsoii. Auditor ot' the Territory, kept his office, and in the upper room a small family lived. lu the upper room of the main building a billiard table was kept. It was also made a resort of gamblers and disreputable characters. The lower room was used by the Legislature, and as a I'ourt room, a church or a school. In the war of 1S12, the building was a rendezvous and barracks for soldiers, and, in 1840, was pulled down.

The old State House was commenced in 1800, and tiiiished the next year for the accommodation ut' tlic Legislature and the courts. It is said to be the first public stone edifice erected in the Territory. iMaj. William llutledge, a Revtdutionary soldier, did the mason work, and William (luthrie, the carpenter. In 1801, the Territorial Legislature held their first session in it. In it was also held the Constitutional Convention of Ohio, which began its sessions the first Monday in November, 1802. In April, 1803, the first State Legislature met in the house, and continued their sessions here until 1810. The sessions of 1810-11, and 1811- 12, were held in Zanesville, and from there removed back to (Miillicothe and held in the old State IIousi; till 1S1(>, when Columbus became the permanent capital of the State.

Making Chillicothe the State capital did much to enhance itvS growth. It was incorporated in 1802, and a town council elected. In 1807, the town had fourteen stores, six hotels, two newspapers, two churches - both brick buildings - and over two hundred dwellings. The removal of the capital to Columbus checked its grctwth a little, still, being in an excellent country, raj)i(lly tilling <\ith .settlers, the town has always remained a prominent trading center.

During the war of 1812, Chillicothe was made a rendezvous for United States soldiers, and a prison established, in which many British prisoners were confined. At one time, a conspiracy for escape was discovered just in time to prevent it. The plan was for the prisoners to disarm the guard, proceed to jail, release the officers, burn the town, and escape to Canada. The plot was fortunately di.^closed by two senior British officers, upon which, a.s a measure of security, the officers and chief conspirators were sent to the penitentiary at Frankfort, Kentucky.

Two or three miles northwest of Chillicothe, on a beautiful elevation, commanding an extensive view of the vallc^y of the Scioto, Thomas Worthington,* one of the most prominent and influential men of his day, afterward (Jovernor of the State, in 180(j, erected a large stone mansion, the wonder of the valley in its time. It was the most elegant mansion in the West, crowds coming to see it when it was completed. Gov. Worthington named the place Adena, " Paradise " - a name not then considered hyperbolical. The large panes of glass, and the novelty of papered walls especially attracted attention. Its architect was the elder Latrobe, of Washington City, from which place most of the workmen came. The glass was made in Pittsburgh, and the fireplace fronts in l'liiladelphia,the latter costing seven dollars per hundred j)ounds for transportation. The mansion, Iniilt as it was, cost nearly double the expense of such structures now. Adena was the home of the Governor till his death, in 1827.

Near Adena, in a beautiful situation, is Fruit Hill, the seat of Gen. Duncan McArthur,f and later of ex-Gov. William Allen. Like Adena, Fruit Hill is one of the noted places in the Scioto Valley. Many of Ohio's best men dwelt in the valley ; men who have been an honor and ortiameut to the State and nation.

Another settlement, begun soon after the treaty of peace in 171>5, was that made on the Licking River, about four miles below the present city of Newark, in Licking County. In the fall of 179<j, John Ratclift" and Elias Hughes, while prospecting on this stream, found some old Indian cornfields, and determined to locate. They were from Western Virginia, and were true pioneers, living mainly by hunting, leaving the cultivation of their small cornfields to their wives, much after the style of

* Gov. Worthington was born in Jefferson County, Va., about the year 1769. He settled in Ohio in 17!t8. Ko was a firm believer in liberty and came to the Tenilory aft(T lilicrating his slaves. He was one ot" the most efficient men of his day ; was a member of the Constitutional Convention, ami wa.s sent on an important mission to Confiiess relative to the admission of Ohio to the Union. He was afterward a Senator to Congress, and then Governor. On the expiration of his gubernatorial term, hu was appointed a member of the Board of Public Works, in which capacity he did nmch to advance the canals and railroads, and other public improvements. Ho remained in this office till his death.

t Gen. McArlhur was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., in 1772. When tight years of age, his father removed to Westeru Pennsylvania. When eighteen years of age, ho served in Harmar's campaign. In 17ilJ, be was a very elbcient soldier among the frontiersmen, and gained their approbation by his bravery. In 179:i, he was connected with Gen. Massie, and afterward was engaged in land speculations and became very wealthy. He was made a member of the Legislature, in 1H05; in ISOi;, a Colonel, and in 1808, a Major Gsneial of the militia. In this capacity he was in Hull's surrender at Detroit. On his return ho was elected to ("ongress, and in 181.3 commissioned Brigadier General. He was one of the most efficient ofticers in the war of 1812, and held many important posts. After the war, he was again sent to the Legislature ; in 1822 to Congress, and in 183(1 elected Governor of the State. By an unfortunate accident in 1830, ho wa.-! maimed for life, and gradually declined till death came a few years after.

Histoky Of Ohio

their dusky neighbors. They were both inveterate Indian-haters, and never allowed an opportunity to pass without carrying out their hatred. For this, they were apprehended after the treaty; but, though it was clearly proven they had murdered some inoffensive Indians, the state of feeling was such that they were allowed to go unpunished.

A short time after their settlement, others joined them, and, in a few years, quite a colony had gathered on the banks of the Licking. In 1802, Newark was laid out, and, in three or four years, there were twenty or thirty families, several stores and one or two hotels.

The settlement of Grranville Township, in this county, is rather an important epoch in the history of this part of the State. From a sketch published by Rev. Jacob Little in 1848, in Howe's Collections, the subjoined statements are taken:

"In 1804, a company was formed at Granville, Mass., with the intention of making a settlement in Ohio. This, called the Scioto Company, was the third of that name which effected settlements in Ohio. The project met with great favor, and much enthusiasm was elicited, in illustration of which a song was composed and sung to the tune of ' Pleasant Ohio ' by the young people in the house and at labor in the field. We annex two stanzas, which are more curious than poetical :

" The Scioto Company consisted of one hundred and fourteen proprietors, who made a purchase of twenty-eight thousand acres. In the autumn of 1805, two hundred and thirty-four persons, mostly from East Granville, jNIass., came on to the purchase. Although they had been forty-two days on the road, their first bu.siness, on their arrival, having organized a church before they left the East, was to hear a sermon. The first tree cut was that

On the first Sabbath, November 16, although only about a dozen trees had been felled, they held divine service, both forenoon and afternoon, on that spot. The novelty of worshiping in the woods, the forest extending hundreds of miles each way ; the hardships of the journey, the winter setting in, the thoughts of home, Avith all the friends and privileges left behind, and the impression that such must be the accommodations of a new country, all rushed on their minds, and made this a day of varied interest. When they began to sing, the echo of their voices among the trees was so different from what it was in the beautiftil meetinghouse they had left, that they could no longer restrain their tears. They ivept when they remembered Zion. The voices of part of the choir were, for a season, suppressed with emotion.

"An incident occurred, which many said Mrs. Sigourney should have put into verse. Deacon Theophilus Reese, a Welsh Baptist, had, two or three years before, built a cabin, a mile and a half north, and lived all this time without public worship. He had lost his cattle, and, hearing a lowing of the oxen belonging to the Company, set out toward them. As he ascended the hills overlooking the town plot, he heard the singing of the choir. The reverberation of the sound from hilltops and trees, threw the good man into a serious dilemma. The music at first seemed to be behind, then in the tree-tops, or in the clouds. He stopped, till, by accurate listening, he caught the direction of the sound ; went on and passing the brow of the hill, he saw the audience sitting on the level below. He went home and told his wife that ' the promise of God is a bond ' ; a Welsh proverb, signifying that we have security, equal to a bond, that religion will prevail everywhere. He said : ' These must be good people. I am not afraid to go among them.' Though he could not understand English, he constantly attended the reading meeting. Hearing the music on that occasion made such an impression on his inind that, when he became old and met the first settlers, he would always tell over this story. The first cabin built was that in which they worshiped succeeding Sabbaths, and, before the close of the winter, they had a schoolhouse and a school. That church, in forty years, received more than one thousand persons into its membership.

Church was organized in the cabin of David Thoniius Septonibcr 4, ISOS. April 21, 1827, the (Jranvillo ineinlKn-s were oriianized into the (Jraiiville Chureli, and the corner-stone of their house of worshiji hud September 21, 1S21). In the fall of 1810, the tirst Methodist sermon was preached here, and, soon after, a class organized. In 182-1, a church was built. An Episcopal church was organized in May, 1827, and a church consecrated in 1838. In 184;>, there were in this township 405 families, of whom 214 sustain family worship ; 1431 persons over fourteen v<^'""=^ ^^1 8,0^'; *^*^' whom over 800 belong to church. The town had 150 families, of whom 80 have family worship. In 1846, the township furnished 70 school teachers, of whom 62 prayed in school. In 1846, the township took 621 periodical papers, besides three small montlilies. The first temperance society west of the mountains was organized July 15, 1828, in this township; and, in 1831, the Congregational Church passed a bylaw to accept no member who trafficked in or used ardent spirits."

It is said, not a settlement in the entire West could present .so moral and upright a view as that of Granville Township; and nowhere could so perfect and orderly a set of people be found. Surely, the fact is argument enough in favor of the religion of Jesus.

The narrative of Mr. Little also states that, when (iranville was first .settled, it w;us supposed that Worthington would be the capital of Ohio, between which and Zanesville, Granville would make a great half-way town. At this time, wild animals, snakes and Indians abounded, and many are the marvelous stories preserved regarding the destruction of the animals and reptiles - the Indians being bound by their treaty to remain peaceful. Space forbids their repetition here. Suffice it to say that, as the whites increased, the Indians, animals and .snakes disappeared, until now one is as much a curiosity as the other.

The remaining settlement in the southwestera; parts of Ohio, made immediately after the treaty - fall of 1705 or year of 17!)6 - was in what is now Madison County, about a mile north of where the village of Amity now stands, on the banks of the Hig Darby. This stream received its name fmrn the Indians, from a Wyandot chief, ncimetl DarVty, who for a long time resided upon it, near the rni(»n County line. In the fall of 17!>5, Benjamin Springer came from Kentucky and selected some land on the banks of the Big Darby, cleared the ground, built a cabin, and returned for Jiis family. The next spring, he brought them out, and began his life here. The same summer he was joined by William Lapin, Joshua and James Ewing and one or two otliers.

When Sju'inger came, he found a white man named Jonathan Alder, who for fifteen years had been a captive among the Indians, and who could not speak a word of English, living with an Indian woman on the banks of Big Darby. He had been exchanged at Wayne's treaty, and, neglecting to profit by the treaty, was still living in the Indian style. When the whites became numerous about him his desire to find his relatives, and adopt the ways of the whites, led him to discard hi.-< scjuaw - giving her an unusual allowance - learn the English language, engage in agricultural pursuits, and become again civilized. Fortunately, he could remember enough of the names of some of his parents" neighbors, so that the identity of his relatives and friends was easily established, and Alder became a most useful citizen. He was very influential with the Indians, and induced many of them to remain neutral during the war of 1812. It is stated that in 1800, Mr. Ewing brought four sheep into the community. They were strange animals to the Indians. One day when an Indian hunter and his dog were passing, the latter caught a sheep, and was shot by Mr. Ewing. The Indian would have shot Ewing in retaliation, had not Alder, ,who was fortunately present, with much difficulty prevailed upon him to refrain.

While the southern and southwestern parts of the State were filling with settlers, assured of safety by Wayne's victories, the northern and eastern parts became likewise the theater of activities. Ever since the French had explored the southern shores of the lake, and PJngli.sh traders had carried goods thither, it was expected one day to be a valuable part of the West. It will be remembered that Connecticut had ceded a large tract of land to the General Government, and as soon as the ces.sion was confirmed, and land titles became assured, settlers flocked thither. Even before that time, hardy adventurers had explored some of the country, and pronounced it a "goodly land," ready for the hand of enterprise.

The first settlement in the Western Reserve, and, indeed, in the northern part of the State, was made at the mouth of (^onneaut* Creek, in Ashtabula County, on the 4th of July, 1796. That day, the first surveying party landed at the mouth of this creek, and, on its eastern bank, near the hike shore, in tin cups, pledged - as they drank the limpid waters of the lake - their country's welfare, with the ordnance accompaniment of two or three fowling-pieces, discharging the re(|uired national salute.

The whole party, on this occasion, numbered fifty-two persons, of whom two were females (Mrs. Stiles and Mrs. Gunnj and a child, and all deserve a lasting place in the history of the State.

The next day, they began the erection of a large log building on the sandy beach on the east side of the stream. When done, it was named " Stow Castle," after one of the party. It was the dwelling, storehouse and general habitation of all the jiioneers. The party made this their headquarters part of the summer, and continued busily engaged in the survey of the Reserve. James Kingsbury, afterward Judge, arrived soon after the party began work, and, with his family, was the first to remain here during the winter following, the rest returning to the Ea.st, or going southward. Through the winter, Mr. Kingsbury's family suffered greatly for provisions, so much so, that, during the absence of the head of the family in New York for provisions, one child, born in his absence, died, and the mother, reduced by her sufferings and solitude, was only saved by the timely arrival of the husband and father with a sack of flour he had carried, many weary miles, on his back. He remained here but a short time, removing to Cleveland, which was laid out that same fall. In the spring of 1798, Alexander Harper, William McFarland and Ezra Gregory, with their families, started from Harpersfield, Delaware Co., N. Y., and arrived the last of June, at their new homes in the Far West. The whole population on the Reserve then amounted to less than one hundred and fifty persons. These were at Cleveland, Youngstown and at Mentor. During the summer, three families came to Bui'ton, and Judge Hudson settled at Hudson. All these pioneers suflfered severely for food, and from the fever induced by chills. It took several years to become acclimated. Sometimes the entire neighborhood woidd be down, and only one or two, who could wait on the rest "between chills," were able to do anything. Time and courage overcame, finally.

It was not until 1798, that a permanent settlement was made at the mouth of Couneaut Creek. Those who came there in 1796 went, on with their surveys, part remaining in Cleveland, laid out that summer. Judge Kingsbury could not remain at Conneaut, and went nearer the settlements made about the Cuyahoga. In the spring of 1 798, Thomas Montgomery and Aaron Wright settled here and remained. Up the stream they found some thirty Indian cabins, or huts, in a good state of preservation, which they occupied until they could erect their own. Soon after, they were joined by others, and, in a year or two, the settlement was permanent and prosperous.

The site of the present town of Austinburg in Ashtabula County was settled in the year 1799, by two families from Connecticut, who were induced to come thither, by Judge Austin. The Judge preceded them a short time, driving, in company with a hired man, some cattle about one hundred and fifty miles through the woods, following an old Indian trail, while the rest of the party came in a boat across the lake. When they arrived, there were a few families at Harpersburg ; one or two families at Windsor, twenty miles southwest; also a few families at Elk Creek, forty miles northeast, and at Vernon, the same distance southeast. All these were in a destitute condition for provisions. In 1800, another family moved from Norfolk, Conn. In the spring of 1801, sevei'al families came from the same place. Part came by land, and part by water. During that season, wheat was carried to an old mill on IClk Creek, forty miles away, and in some instances, half was given for carrying it to mill and returning it in flour.

Wednesday, October 21, 1801, a church of sixteen members was constituted in Austinburg. This was the first church on the Reserve, and was founded by Rev. Joseph Badger, the first missionary there. It is a fact worthy of note, that in 1802, Mr. Badger moved his family fi-om Bufllilo to this town, in the first wagon that ever came from that place to the Reserve. In 1803, noted revivals occurred in this part of the West, attended by the peculiar bodily phenomenon known as the " shakes " or "jerks."

The surveying party which landed at the mouth of Conneaut Creek, July 4, 1796, soon completed their labors in this part of the Reserve, and extended them westward. By the first of September, they had explored the lake coast as far west as the outlet of the Cuyahoga* River, then considered

"The Indians called the river 'Ouyahoghan-uk,' 'Lake River' It is, emphatically, a Lake river. It rises in lakes and empties into a \ake."^Alwater's Hi lory of Ohio.

As early as 1755, tbe moutb of tbe Cuyahoga River was laid down on tbe maps, and tbe Frencb bad a station here. It was also considered an important post during tbe war of the Revolution, anil later, of 1S12." The British, who, after the Revolution, refused to abandon the lake country west of the Cuyahoga, occupied its shores until 1790. Their traders bad a house in Ohio City, north of tbe Detroit road, on the point of the hill near tbe river, when the surveyors arrived in 171M>. Wa.sbington, Jefferson, and all statesmen of that day, regarded the outlet of the Cuyahoga as an important place, and hence the early attem})t of the surveyors to reach and lay out a town, here.

The corps of surveyors arrived early in September, 17!H), and at once proceeded to lay out a town. It was named Cleveland, in honor of Gen. Moses Cleveland, the Land Company's agent, and for years a very prominent man in Connecticut, where he lived and died. By the 18th of October, the surveyors had completed the survey and left the ])lace, leaving only Job \. Stiles and family, and lulward Paine, who were the only persons that ])a.><sed tbe succeeding winter in this place. Their residence was a log cabin that stood on a spot of ground long afterward occupied by the Commercial Bank. Their nearest neighbors were at Conneaut, where Judge Kingsbury lived; at Fort Mcintosh, on the .south or ea.st, at the mouth of Big Beaver, and at the mouth of tbe river Raisin, on the west.

Tbe next season, tbe .surveying party came again to Cleveland, which they made their headquarters. Early in the spring. Judge Kingsbury came over from Conncaut, bringing with him Elijah Gunn, who had a short time before joined him. Soon after, Maj. Lorenzo Carter and Ezekiel Hawley came with their families. These were about all who are known to have settled in tliis place that summer. Tbe ne.xt year, 171'8, Rodolpbus Edwanls and Nathaniel Doane and their families set/- tled in Cleveland. Mr. Doane bad Ijeen ninetytwo days on his journey from (Miatbani, Conn. In tbe latter part of tbe summer and fall, nearly every person in tbe settlement was down with the bilious fever or with the ague. Mr. Doane's family con.sisted of nine persons, of whom Seth, a lad sixteen years of age, was the only one able to care for them. Such was the severity of the fever, that any one having only the ague was deemed quite fortunate. Much suffering for proper food and medicines followed. Tbe only way the Doane family was supplied for twa months or more, was through tbe exertions of this boy, who went daily, after having bad one attack of the chills, to Judge Kingsbury's in Newburg - five miles away, where tbe Judge now lived - got a peck of corn, mashed it in a hand-mill, waited until a second attack of the chills passed over, and then returned. At one time, for several days, he was too ill to make the trip, during which turnips comprised the chief article of diet. Fortunately, Maj. Carter, having only the ague, was enabled with his trusty rifle and dogs to procure an abundance of venison and other wild game. His family, being sonu'wbat acclimated, suffered less than many others. Their situation can hardly now be realized. " Destitute of a physician, and with few medicines, necessity taught them to use such means as nature bad placed within their reach. They substituted pills from the extract of the bitternut bark for calomel, and dogwood and cherry bark for quinine."

In November, four men, who had so far recovered as to have ague attacks no oftener than once in two or three days, started in the only boat for Walnut Creek, Penn., to obtain a winter's supply of flour. When below Euclid Creek, a storm drove them ashore, broke their boat, and compelled their return. During tbe winter and summer following, the settlers had no flour, except that ground in band and coffee mills, which was, bowever, considered very good. Not all had even that. During tbe summer, tbe Connecticut Land Company opened the first road on tbe Reserve, which commenced about ten miles south of the lake shore, on the Pennsylvania State line, and extended to Cleveland. In January, 1791), Mr. Doane moved to Doane's Corners, leaving only Maj. Carter's family in Cleveland, all tbe rest leaving as soon as they were well enough. For fifteen months, the JMajor and bis family were the only white persons left on tbe town site. During the spring, Wheeler W. Williams and Maj. Wyatt built tlie fir.st grist-mill on tbe Reserve, on the site of Newburg. It was looked upon as a very valuable accession to the Jieigbborbood. Prior to this, each family had its own hand-mill in one of tbe corners of tbe cabin. The old mill is thus described by a pioneer : tor. The runner, or upper, was turned by hand, by a pole set in the top of it, near the outer edge. The upper end of the pole was inserted into a hole in a board fastened above to the joists, immediately over the hole in the verge of the runner. One person fed the corn into the eye - a hole in the center of the runner - while another turned. It was very liard work to grind, and the operators alternately exchanged places."

In 1800, several settlers came to the town and a more active life was the result. From this time, Cleveland began to progress. The 4th of July, 1801, the first ball in town was held at Major Carter's log cabin, on the hill-side. John and Benjamin Wood, and R. H. Blinn were managers; and Maj. Samuel Jones, musician and master of ceremonies. The company numbered about thii'ty, very evenly divided, for the times, between the sexes. " Notwithstanding the dancers had a rough puncheon floor, and no better beverage to enliven their spirits than sweetened whisky, yet it is doubtfvil if the anniversary of American independence was ever celebrated in Cleveland by a more joyful and harmonious company tlian those who danced the scamper-down, double-shuffle, western-swing and half-moon, that day, in IMaj. Carter's cabin." The growth of the town, fi-om this period on, remained prosperous. The usual visits of the Indians were made, ending in their drunken carousals and fights. Deer and other wild animals furnished abundant meat. The settlement was constantly augmented by new arrivals, so that, by 1814:, Cleveland was incorporated as a town, and, in 1836, as a city. Its harbor is one of the best on the lakes, and hence the merchandise of the lakes has always been attracted thither. Like Cincinnati and Chillicothe, it became the nucleus of settlements in this part of the State, and now is the largest city in Northern Ohio.

One of the earliest settlements made in the Western Reserve, and by some claimed as the first therein, was made on the site of Youngstown, Mahoning County, by a Mr. Young, afterward a Judge, in the summer of 1796. During this summer, before the settlements at Cuyahoga and Conneaut were made, Mr. Young and Mr. Wilcott, proprietors of a township of land in Northeastern Ohio, came to their possessions and began the survey of their land. Just when they came is not known. They were found here by Col. James Hillman, then a trader in the employ of Duncan & Wilson, of Pittsburgh, " who had been forwarding goods across the country by pack-saddle horses since

1786, to the mouth of the Cuyahoga, thence to be shipped on the schooner Mackinaw to Detroit. Col. Hillman generally had charge of all these caravans, consisting sometimes of ninety horses and ten men. They commonly crossed the Big Beaver four miles below the mouth of the Shcnango, thence up the left bank of the Mahoning - called by the Indians " Malioni'" or " Mahonick.'' signifying the "lick" or " at the lick" - crossing it about three miles below the site of Youngstown, thence by-way of the Salt Springs, over the sites of Milton and Ravenna, crossing the Cuyahoga at the mouth of Breakneck and again at the mouth of Tinker's Creek, thence down the river to its mouth, where they had a log hut in which to store their goods. This hut was there when the surveyors came, but at the time unoccupied. At the mouth of Tinker's Creek were a few log huts built by Moravian Missionaries. These were used only one year, as the Indians had gone to the Tuscarawas River. These and three or four cabins at the Salt Springs were the only buildings erected by the whites prior to 1796, in Northeastern Ohio. Those at the Salt Springs were built at an early day for the accommodation of whites who came from Western Pennsylvania to make salt. The tenants were dispossessed in 1785 by Gen. Harmar. A short time ailer, one or two white men were killed by the Indians here. In 1788, Col. Hillman settled at Beavertown, where Duncan & Wilson had a store for the purpose of trading with the Indians. He went back to Pittsburgh soon after, however, owing to the Indian war, and remained there till its close, continuing in his business whenever opportunity off"ered. In 1796, when returning from one of his trading expeditions alone in his canoe down the Mahoning River, he discovered a smoke on the bank near the present town of Youngstown, and on going to the spot found Mr. Young and Mr. Wolcott, as before mentioned. A part of Col. Hillman's cargo consisted of whisky, a gallon or so of which he still had. The price of " fire-water " then was $1 per quart in the currency of the country, a deerskin being legal tender for ^1, and a doeskin for 50 cents. Mr. Young proposed purchasing a quart, and having a frolic on its contents during the evening, and insisted on paying Hillman his customary price. Hillman urged that inasmuch as they were strangers in the country, civility required him to furnish the means for the entertainment. Young, however, insisted, and taking the deerskin used for his bed - the only one he had -

-Ilillman n'liiainod a few days, when they ac- (.-(iinpanird liiiu to Beaver Town to eelebrate the 4tli, and then all returned, and Ilillman erected a ealiin on the site of Youngstown. It is not certain that they remained here at this time, and hence the priority of actual settlement is generally conceded to Conneaut and Cleveland. The next year, in the fall, a Mr. Brown and one other person came to the banks of the Mahoning and made a permanent settlement. The same season Uriah Holmes and Titus Hayes came to the same locality, and before winter tjuite a settlement was to be seen here. It proceeded (juite prosperously until the wanton murder of two Indians occurred, which, for a time, greatly excited the whites, lest the Indians should retaliate. Through the efforts of C'ol. Hillman, who had great influence with the natives, they agreed to let the murderers stand a trial. They were ac(|uitted upon some technicality. The trial, however, pacified the Indians, and no trouble came from the unwarranted and unfortunate circum-stance, and no check in the emigration or prosperity of the colony occurred."*

As soon as an effective settlement had been established at Youngstown, others were made in the surrounding country. One of these was begun by William Fenton in 1708, on the site of the present town of Warren, in Trumbull County. He remained here alone one year, when he was joined by Capt. Ephraim Quimby. By the last of September, the next year, the colony had increased to sixteen, and from that date on continued prosperously. Once or twice they stood in fear of the Indians, as the result of quarrels induced by whi.sky. Sagacious persons generally saved any serious outbreak and pacified the nati\'es. Mr. Badger, the first missionary on the Reserve, came to the settlement here and on the Mahoning, as soon as each was made, and, by his earnest labors, succeeded in forming churches and schools at an early day. He w;ls one of the most efficient men (>a the Reserve, and throughout his long and busy life, was well known and greatly respected. He died in lH4(j, aged eighty-nine years.

The settlement.s given are about all that were made before the close of 17!>7. In following tlu^ narrative of these .settlements, attention is paid to the chronological order, as far as this can be done. Like those settlements already made, many which are given as occurring in the next year, 1798, were actually begun earlier, but were only temporary preparations, and were not considered as made until the next year.

Turning again to the southern portion of Ohio, the Scioto, Muskingum and Miami Valleys come prominently into notice. Throughout the entire Eastern States they were still attracting attention, and an increased emigration, busily occupying their verdant fields, was the result. All about Chillicothe was now well settled, and, up the banks of that stream, prospectors were selecting sites for their future homes.

In 1797, Robert Armstrong, George Skidmore, Lucas Sullivant, William Domigan, James Marshall, John Dill, Jacob Grubb. Jacob Overdier, Arthur O'Hara, John Brickell, Col. Culbertson, the Deardorfs, McElvains, Selles and others, came to what is now Franklin County, and, in August, Mr. Sullivant and some others laid out the town of Franklinton, on the west bank of the Scioto, opposite the site of Columbus. The country about this locality had long been the residence of the Wyandots, who had a large town on the city's site, and cultivated extensive fields of corn on the river bottoms. The locality had been visited by the whites as early as 1780, in some of their expeditions, and the fertility of the land noticed. As soon as peace was assured, the whites came and began a settlement, as has been noted. Soon after Franklinton was established, a Mr. Springer and his son-in-law, Osborn, settled on the Big Darby, and, in the summer of 1798, a .scattering settlement was made on Alum Creek. About the same time settlers came to the mouth of the Gahannah, and along other water-courses. F^ranklinton was the point to which emigrants came, and from which they always made their permanent location. For several years there was no mill, nor any such commodity, nearer than Chillicothe. A hand-mill was constructed in Franklinton, which was commonly used, unless the settlers made a trip to Chillicothe in a canoe. Next, a horse-mill was tried ; but not till 1805, when Col. Kilbourne built a mill at Worthington, settled in 1803, could any efficient grinding be done. In 1789, a small store was opened in Franklinton, by James Scott, but, for seven or eight years, Chillicothe was the nearest post office. Often, when the neighbors wanted mail, one of their number was furnished money to pay the postage on any letters that might be waiting, and sent for the mail. At first, as in all new localities, a great deal of sickness, fever and ague, prevailed.

The township of Sharon in this county has a history similar to that of Granville Township in Licking County. It was settled by a " Scioto Company," formed in Granby, Conn., in the winter of 1801 - 02, consisting at first of eight associates. They drew up articles of association, among which was one limiting their number to forty, each of whom must be unanimously chosen by ballot, a single negative being sufficient to prevent an election. Col. James Kilbourne was sent out the succeeding spring to explore the country and select and purchase a township for settlement. He returned in the fall without making any purchase, through fear that the State Constitution, then about to be formed, would tolerate slavery, in which case the project would have been abandoned. While on this visit, Col. Kilbourne compiled from a variety of sources the first map made of Ohio. Although much of it was conjectured, and hence inaccurate, it was very valuable, being correct as far as the State was then known.

"As soon as information was received that the constitution of Ohio prohibited slavery, Col. Kilbourne purchased the township he had previously selected, within the United States military land district, and, in the spring of 1803, returned to Ohio, and began improvements. By the succeeding December, one hundred settlers, mainly from Hartford County, Conn., and Hampshire County, Mass., arrived at their new home. Obeying to the letter the agreement made in the East, the first cabin erected was used for a schoolhouse and a church of the Protestant Episcopal denomination ; the first Sabbath after the arrival of the colony, divine service was held therein, and on the arrival of the eleventh family a school was opened. This early attention to education and religion has left its favorable impress upon the people until this day. The first 4th of July was uniquely and appropriately celebrated. Seventeen gigantic trees, emblematical of the seventeen States forming the Union, were cut, so that a few blows of the ax, at sunrise on the 4th, prostrated each succes.sively with a tremendous crash, forming a national salute novel in the world's history."'*

The growth of this part of Ohio continued without interruption until the establishment of the State capital at Columbus, in 1816. The town was laid out in 1812, but, as that date is considered re- mote in the early American settlements, its history will be left to succeeding pages, and there traced when the history of the State capital and State government is given.

The site of Zanesville, in Muskingum County, was early looked upon as an excellent place to form a settlement, and, had not hostilities opened in 1791, with the Indians, the place would have been one of the earliest settled in Ohio. As it was, the war so disarranged matters, that it was not till 1797 that a permanent settlement was effected.

The Muskingum country was principally occupied, in aboriginal times, by the Wyandots, Delawares, and a few Senecas and Shawanees. An Indian town once stood, years before the settlement of the country, in the vicinity of Duncan's Falls, in Muskingum County, from which circumstance the place is often called " Old Town." Near Dresden, was a large Shawanee town, called Wakatomaca. The graveyard was quite large, and, when the whites fii'st settled here, remains of the town were abundant. It was in this vicinity that the venerable Maj. Cass, father of Lewis Cass, lived and died. He owned 4,000 acres, given him for his military services.

The first settlers on the site of Zanesville were William McCulloh and Henry Crooks. The locality was given to Ebenezer Zane, who had been allowed three sections of land on the Scioto, Muskingum and Hockhocking, wherever the road crossed these rivers, provided other prior claims did not interfere, for opening " Zane's trace." When he located the road across the Muskingum, he selected the place where Zanesville now stands, being attracted there by the excellent water privileges. He gave the section of land here to his brother Jonathan Zane, and J. Mclntire, who leased the ferry, established on the road over the Muskingum, to William McCulloh and Henry Crooks, who became thereby the first settlers. The ferry was kept about where the old upper bridge was afterward placed. The ferry-boat was made by fastening two canoes together with a stick. Soon after a flat-boat was used. It was brought from Wheeling, by Mr. Mclntire, in 1779, the year after the ferry was established. The road cut out through Ohio, ran from Wheeling, Va., to Maysville, Ky. Over this road the mail was carried, and, in 1798, the first mail ever carried wholly in Ohio was brought up from Marietta to McCulloh's cabin by Daniel Couvers, where, by arrangement of the Postmaster General, it met a mail from Wheeling and one from Maysville.

Histoiiy Of Ohio

McCulloli, who could hardly read, was authorized to assort the mails and send each package in its proper direction. For this service he received S'M\ per annum ; but owing to his inahility to read well, .Mr. Convei-s generally performed the duty. At that time, the mails met here once a week. Four years atler, the settlement had so increased that a regular post office was openeil, and Thomas Howden appt)inted IVstmaster. He kept his office in a wooden building near the river bank.

Messrs. Zane and Mclntire laid out a town in 17!H), which they called Westbourn. When the post office was established, it was named Zanesville, and in a short time the village took the same name. A few families settled on the west side of the river, .^oon after McCVdloh arrived, and a.s this locality grew well, not long after a store and tavern was openi'd here. Mr. Mclntire built a double logcabin, which was used as a hotel, and in whicli Louis Philippe, King of France, was once entertained. Although the fare and accommodations were of the i)ioneer period, the honorable guest seems to have enjoyed his visit, if the statements of ]jewis Cass in his " Camp and Court of Louis Philippe" may be believed.

In 1804, Muskingum County was formed by the Legislature, and, for a while, strenuous efforts made to secure the State capital by the citizens of Zanesville. They even erecti-d buildings for the use of the Legislature and (jlovernor, and during the sessions of 1810-11, the temj)orary seat of government was fixed here. When the ])ermanent State taj)ital was chosen in 181 (1, Zanesville was passed l>y, and gave up the hope. It is now one of the most entt-rprising towns in the Muskingum Valley.

During the summer of 171)7, John Knoop, then living four miles above Cincinnati, made several expediti(uis up the Miami Valley and selected the land on which he afterward located. The next spring Mr. Knoop, his brother Benjamin, Henry (iarard, Benjamin Hamlet and John Tildus established a station in what is now Miami County, near the present town of 8taunt(jn Village. That summt-r, .Mrs. Knooj) planted the first apple-tree in the .Miami* country. They all lived together for greatt'r safety for two years, during wJiich time they were occupied clearing tbeir farms and erecting dwellings. Dnring the summer, the site of Pi(|uaw:ussettle<l, and three young men located ata place known as " Freeman's Prairie." Those who

woril Miami in tlio Indian tonRiic Kignified nuitlier. The Miami.s were the oriKinal owniTS of ihi- vulley by that name, and affirmed they were created there.

settled at Piquawere Samuel Hilliard, Job Garard, Shadrac Hudson, Jonah Rollins, Daniel Cox, Thomas Ilich, and a Mr. Hunter. The la.st named came to the site of Piqua first in 1797, and selected his home. Until 1799, these named were the only ones in this locality ; but that year emigration set in, and very shortly occupied almost all the bottom land in Miami County. With the increase of emigration, came the comforts of life, and mills, stores and other necessary aids to civilization, were ere long to be seen.

The site of Pi((ua is (juite historic, being the theater of many important Indian occurrences, and the old home of the Shawanees, of which tribe Tecumseh was a chief. During the Indian war, a fort called Fort Piqua was built, near the residence of Col. John Johnston, so long the faithful Indian Agent. The fort was abandoned at the close of hostilities.

When the Miami Canal was opened through this part of the State, the country began rapidly to improve, and is now probably one of the best portions of Ohio.

About the same time the IMiami was settled, a company of people fi-om Pennsylvania and Virginia, who were principally of (iernian and Irish descent, located in Lawrence County, near the iron region. As soon as that ore was made available, that part of the State rapidly fUhnl with settlers, most of whom engaged in the mining and working of iron ore. Now it is very prosperous.

Another settlement was made the same season, 1797, on the Ohio side of the river, in Columbia County. The settlement progressed slowly for a while, owing to a few difficulties with the Indians. The celebrated Adam Poe had been here as early as 1782, and several localities are made locally fiimous by his and his brother's adventures.

In this county, on Little Beaver Creek, near its mouth, the second paper-mill west of the Alleghanies was erected in 1 805-(). It was the pioneer enterprise of the kind in Ohio, and was named the Ohio I'aper-Mill. Its proprietors were John Bever and John Coulter.

One of the most noted localities in the State is comprised in (Jreene County. Tlu; Shawanee town, "Old Chillicothe," was on the Little ]Miami, in this county, about three miles north of the site of Xenia. This old Indian town was, in the annals of the West, a noted place, and is fre(juently noticed. It is first mentioned in 1 773, by Capt. Thomas Bullitt, of Virginia, who boldly advanced alone into the town and obtained the consent of the Indians to go on to Kentucky and make his settlement at the falls of the Ohio. His audaciovis bravery gained his request. Daniel Boone was taken prisoner early in 1778, with twenty-seven others, and kept for a time at Old Chillicothe. Through the influence of the British Governor, Hamilton, who had taken a great fancy to Boone, he and ten others were sent to Detroit. The Indians, however, had an equal fancy for the brave frontiersman, and took him back to Chillicothe, and adopted him into their tribe. About the 1st of June he escaped fi'om them, and made his way back to Kentucky, in time to prevent a universal massacre of the whites. In July, 1779, the town was destroyed by Col. John Bowman and one hundred and sixty Kentuckians, and the Indians dispersed.

The Americans made a permanent settlement in this county in 1797 or 1798. This latter year, a mill was erected in the confines of the county, which implies the settlement was made a short time previously. A short distance east of the mill two block-houses were erected, and it was intended, should it become necessary, to surround them and the mill with pickets. The mill was used by the settlers at " Dutch Station," in Miami County, fully thirty miles distant. The richness of the country in this part of the State attracted a great number of settlers, so that by 1803 the county was established, and Xenialaid out, and designated as the county seat. Its first court house, a primitive log structure, was long preserved as a curiosity. It would indeed be a curiosity now.

Zane's trace, passing from Wheeling to Maysville, crossed the Hockhocking* River, in Fairfield County, where Lancaster is now built. Mr. Zane located one of his three sections on this river, covering the site of Zanesville. Following this trace in 1797, many individuals noted the desirableness of the locality, some of whom determined to return and settle. " The site of the city had in former times been the home of the Wyandots, who had a town here, that, in 1790, contained over 500 wigwams and more than one 1,0(»0 souls. Their town was called Tarhee, or, in English, the Crnne-totv II, and derived its name from the princi-

* The word Hock-hock-ing in the Delaware language signifies a bottle: the Shawanees have it Wea-lha-Icagk-qua sepe, ie ; bottle river. John White in the Amprican Pioneer says: "About seven miles nort'i west of Lancaster, there is a fall In the Hockhocking of about twmty feet. Ahovo tlie fall for a short distance, the creek is very narrow and straight forming a neck, while at the falls il suddenly widens on each sideand swells into the appearance of the body of a bottle. The whole, when seen from above, appears exactly in the shape of a bottle, and from this fact the Indians called the river Hock-hock-ing.'' - Howe's CoUectiom.

pal chief of that tribe. Another portion of the tribe then lived at Toby-town, nine miles west of Tarhe-town (now Royaltown), and was govei'ned by an inferior chief called Toby. The chief's wigwam in Tarhe stood on the bank of the prairie, near a beautiful and abundant spring of water, whose outlet was the river. The wigwams of the Indians were built of the bark of trees, set on poles, in the form of a sugar- camp, with one square open, fronting a fire, and about the height of a man. The Wyandot tribe that day numbered about 500 warriors. By the treaty of Greenville, they ceded all their territory, and the majority, under their chief, removed to Upper Sandusky. The remainder lingered awhile, loath to leave the home of their ancestors, but as game became scarce, they, too, left for better hunting-grounds."*

In April, 1798, Capt. Joseph Hunter, a bold, enterprising man, settled on Zane's trace, on the bank of the prairie, west of the crossings, at a place since known as "Hunter's settlement." For a time, he had no neighbors nearer than the settlers on the Muskingum and Scioto Rivers. He lived to see the country he had found a wilderness, full of the homes of industry. His wife was the first white woman that settled in the valley, and shared with him all the privations of a pioneer life.

Mr. Hunter had not been long in tlie valley till he was joined by Nathaniel Wilson, John and Allen Green, John and Joseph McMullen, Robert Cooper, Isaac Shaefer, and a few others, who erected cabins and planted corn. The next year, the tide of emigration came in with great force. In the spring, two settlements were made in Greenfield Township, each settlement containing twenty or more families. One was called the Forks of the Hockhocking, the other, Yankeetown. Settlements were also made along the river below Hunter's, on Rush Creek, Raccoon and Indian Creeks, Pleasant Run, Felter'sRun, at Tobeytown, Muddy Prairie, and on Clear Creek. In the fall, - 1799 - Joseph Loveland and Hezekiah Smith built a log grist-mill at the Upper Falls of the Hockhocking, afterward known as Rock Mill. This was the first mill on this river. In the latter part of the year, a mail route was established over the trace. The mail was carried through on horseback, and, in the settlements in this locality, was left at the cabin of Samuel Coates, who lived on the prairie at the crossings <;f the river.

In the fall of the next year, Ebenezer Zane laid out Lancaster, which, until ISOf), wits known as New Lancaster. The lots sold very rapidly, at SfjO each, and, in less than one year, (|uite a villaire appeared. December i), the (lovernor and Jiid^^t's of the Northwest Territory oriianized Fairtield (\)unty, and made Lancaster the county seat. The ne.\t year, Kev. -John Wrij^ht, (»f the Presbyterian Church, and lievs. Asa Sliinn and James Quinn, of the Methodist (Miurch, came, and from that time on schools and churches were maintained.

Not far from Ijanca.ster are immense mural escarpments of sandstone formation. They were noted among the abori>;iiies, and were, probably, used by them as ]>laces of outlook and defense.

The same summer Fairtield County was settled, the towns of Bethel and Williamsburij,', in (^lermont County, were settled and laid out, and in 1800, the county was erected.

A settlement was also made immediately south of Fairtield County, in Hocking County, by Christian Westenhaver, a German, from near Hagerstown, Md. He came in the spring of 1798, and waa soon joined by several families, who formed (|uitti a settlement. The territory included in the county remained a part of Ross, Holmes, Athens and Fairtield, until 1818, when Hocking County was erected, and Logan, which had been laid out in 181(;, was made the county seat.

The country comjtrised in the county is rather broken, especially along the Hockhocking River. This broken country was a fiivorite resort of the Wyandot Indians, who could easily hide in the numerous grottoes and ravines made by the river and its affluents as the water cut its way through the sandstone rocks.

In 1798, soon after Zane's trace was cut through the country, a Mr. (Jraham located on the site of Cambridge, in (Juern.sey County. His wiia then the only dwelling between Wheeling and Zanesville, on the trace. He remained here alone about two years, when he was succeeded by George Beymer, from .Somers(!t, i*enn. Both these persons kept a tavern and ferry over Will's Creek. In April, ]8o:}, .Air. Reymer was .succeeded by John Beatty, who came from Loudon, Va. His family con.sisted of eleven }tersons. The Indians hunted in this vicinity, and were fre(|uent visitors at the tavern. In June, ISOO, Cambridge was laid out, and on the day the hits were otfered for sale, several families from the British Isle of Guernsi'v, near the coa.st of France, sto]H)ed here on their way to the West. They were .satisfied with the location and purchased many of the lots, and some land in the vicinity. They were soon followed by other families from the same place, all of whom settling in this locality gave the name to the county when it was erected in 1810.

A settlement was made in the central part of the State, on Darby Creek, in Union (\)unty, in the summer of 1798, by James and Joshua Ewing. The next year, they were joined by Samuel and David Mitchell, Samuel Mitchell, Jr.. Samuel Kirkpatrick and Samuel McCulhmgh.and, in 1800, by George and Samuel Reed, Robert Snodgrass and Paul Hodgson.

"James Kwings farm was the site of an ancient and noted Mingo town, which was deserted at the time the Mingo towns, in what is now Logan County, were destroyed by Gen. Logan, of Kentucky, in. 178(). When Mr. Ewing took possession of his farm, the cabins were still standing, and, among others, the remains of a blacksmith's shop, with coal, cinders, iron-dross, etc. Jonathan Alden, formerly a prisoner among the Indians, says the shop was carried on by a renegade white man, named Butler, who lived among the Mingoes. Flxtensive fields had formerly been cultivated in the vicinity of the town."*

Soon after the settlement was established. Col. James Curry located here. He was quite an influential man, and, in 1820, succeeded in getting the county formed from portions of Delaware, Franklin, Madison and Logan, and a part of the old Indian Territory. Marysville was made the county seat.

During the year 1789, a fort, called Fort Steuben, was built on the site of Steubenville, but was dismantled at the conclusion of hostilities in 1795. Three years after, Bezaleel Williams and Hon. James Ross, for whom Ross County was named, located the town of Steubenville about the old fort, and, by liberal offers of lots, soon attracted ({uite a number of settlers. In 180;'), the town was incorporated, and then had a ]iopulation of several hundred persons. JeffcTson County was created by Gov. St. Clair, July 29, 1797, the year before Steubenville was laid out. It then included the large scope of country west of Pennsylvania ; east and north of a line from the mouth of the Cuyahoga; southwardly to the Muskingum, and east to the Ohio ; including, in its territories, the cities of Cleveland, Canton, Steubenville and War- rcn. Onl}^ a short time, however, was it allowed to retain this size, as the increase in cniigration rendered it necessary to erect new counties, which was rapidly done, especially on the adoption c"thc State government.

The county is rich in early history, prior to its settlement by the Americans. It was the home of the celebrated Mingo chief, Logan, who resid ^d awhile at an old Mingo town, a few miles below t le site of Steubonville, the place where the troo )s under Col. Willianjson rendezvoused on their i ifamous raid against the Mora^aan Indians ; ar d also where Col. Crawford and his men nn-t, wh< n starting on their unfortunate expedition.

In the Reserve, settlements were often made remote from populous localities, in accordance wath the wish of a proprietor, who might own a tract of country twenty or thirty miles in the interior. In the present county of Geauga, three families located at Burton in 1798. They lived at a considei'able distance from any other settlement for some time, an(t were greatly inconvenienced for the want of mills or shops. As time progressed, however, these were brought nearer, or built in their midst, and, ore long, almost all parts of the Reserve could show some settleuKuit, even if isolated.

The next year, 1709, settlements were made at Ravenna, Deerfield and Palmyra, in Portage County. Hon. Benjamin Tappan came to the site of Raverma in June, at which time he found one white man, a Mr. Honey, living there. At this date, a solitary log cabin occupied the sites of Buifalo and Cleveland. On his joiirndy from New England, Mr. Tappan fell in with David Hudson, the founder of the Hudson settlement in Summit Countv. After many days of travel, they landed at a prairie in Summit County. Mr. Tappan left his goods in a cabin, built for the purpose, under the care of a hired man, and went on his way, cutting a road to the site of Ravenna, where his land lay. On his return for a second load of goods, they found tlu; cabin deserted, and evidences of its plunder by the Indians. Not long after, it was learned that the m^n left in charge had gone to Mr. Hudson's settleiHcnt, he having set out immediately on his arrival, for his own land. Mr. Tappan gathered the remainder of his goods, and started back for Ravenna. On his way one of his oxen died, and he found himself in a vast forest, away from any habitation, and with one dollar in money. He did not falter a moment, but sent his hired man, a faithful fellow, to Erie, Penn., a distance of one hundred miles thi'ough the wilderness, with the compass for his guide, requesting from Capt. Lyman, the commander at the fort there, a loan of money. At the same time, he followed the township -lines to Youngstown, where he became acquainted with Col. James Ilillman, who did not hesitate to sell him an ox on credit, at a fair price. He returned to his load in a few days, found his ox all right, hitched the two together and went on. He was soon joined by liis hired man, with the money, and together they spent the winter in a log cabin. He gave liis man one hundred acres of land as a reward, and paid Col. Hillman for the ox. In a year or two he had a prosperous settlement, and when the county was erected in 1807, Ravenna was made the seat of justice.

About the same time INIr. Tappan began his settlement, others were commenced in other localities in this county. Early in May, 1799, Lewis Day and his son Horatio, of Granby, Conn., and Moses Tibbals and Green Frost, of Granville, Mass., left their homes in a one-horse .wagon, and, the 29th of May, arrived in what is now Deerfield Township. Theirs was the first wagon that had ever penetrated farther westward in this region than Canfield. The country west of that place had been an unbroken wilderness until within a few days. Capt. Caleb Atwater, of Wallingford, Conn., had hired some men to open a road to Township No. 1, in the Seventh Range, of which he was the owner. This road passed through Deerfield, and was completed to that place when the party arrived at the point of their destination. These emigrants selected sites, and commenced clearing the land. In July, Lewis Ely arrived from Granville, and wintered here, while those who came first, and had made their improvements, returned East. The 4th of March, 1800, Alva Day (son of Lewis Day), John Campbell and Joel Thrall arrived. In April, George and Robert Taylor and James Laughlin, from Pennsylvania, with their families, came. Mr. Laughlin built a grist-mill, wliich was of great convenience to the settlers. July 29, Lewis Day returned with his family and his brother-in-law, Maj. Rogers; who, the next year, also brought his family.

"Much suffering was experienced at first on account of the scarcity of provisions. They were chiefly supplied from the settlements east of the Ohio River, the nearest of which was Georgetown, forty miles away. The provisions were brought on pack-horses through the wilderness. August 22, Mrs. Alva Day gave birth to a child - a female - the first child born in the township.

Novi'UiIkt T, the first woddiiiii took j)1;k-(.>. JdIiii CunipU'll ami Sarah VAy wcu' ji)iiu'(l in wedlock by ('ulvin Austin, Ks(|., df Warren. He wius iicconijianieil I'roui Warren, a distance of twentyseven miles, ])\ Mr. Pease, then a hiwyer, afterward a well-known Judge. They came ou foot, there being no road; and, as they threaded their way through tlie wood.s, young Pea.se taught the Ju.stiee the marriage ct-reniony by oft repetition.

" In 1802, Franklin Township wa.s organized, embracing all of Portage and j)arts of Trumbull and .Summit Counties. About this time the settlement received accessions from all parts of the East. In February, 1801, Rev. Badger came and began his labors, and two years later Dr. Shadrac Bostwick organized a Methodi.st Kpi.scopal church.* The riiuaiiiing settlement in this county. Palmyra, was begun about the' same time as the others, by David Daniels, from Salisbury, Conn. The next year he brought out his family. Soon after he was joined by E. N. and W. Jiacon, E. Cutler, A. Thurber, A. 1're.ston, N. Boi.s, J. T. Bal.lwin, T. and C. (iilbert, D. A. and S. Waller, N. Smith, Joseph Fisher, J. Tuttle and others.

'' When this region was first settled, there was an Indian trail commencing at Fort Mcintosh (Beaver, Penn.), and extending westward to Sandusky and Detroit. The trail followed the highest gnjund. Along the trail, parties of Indians were frecjueiitly seen })assing, for several years after the whites came. It seemed to be the great aboriginal thoroughfare from Sandu.sky to the Ohio River. There were several large piles of stones on the trail in this locality, under which human skeletons have been discovered. These are suj)j)osed to be the remains of Indians slain in war, or murdered by their enemies, as tradition says it is an Indian custom for each one to cast a stone on the grave of an enenjy, whenever he ])a.sses by. These stones appear to have been picked up along the trail, and cast upon the heaps at diflerent times.

"At the ))oint where this trail crosses Silver Creek, Fredrick Daniels and others, in 1814, discovered, painted on several trees, various devices, evidently the work of Indian.s. The bark was careliilly shaviid off two-thirds of the way around, and figures cut upon the wood. On one of these was delineated seven Indians, e<juii)ped in a particular naanner, one of whom was without a head. This was su})posed to have been made by a party on their return westward, to give int<illigence to

The celebrated Indian hunter, Brady, made his remarkable leap across the Cuyahoga, in this count}-. The county also contains Brady's Pond, a large sheet of water, in which he once made his escape from the Indians, from which circumstance it received its name.

The locality comprised in Clark County was settled the same summer as those in Summit County. John Humphries came to this part of the State with Gen. Simon Kenton, in 1799. With them came six families fi-om Kentucky, who settled north of the site of Springfield. A fort was erected on Mad River, for security against the Indians. Fourteen cabins were soon built near it, all being surrounded by a strong picket fence. David Lowery, one of the pioneers here, built the first flat-boat, to operate on the (Jreat IMianii, and, in 1800, made the first trip on that river, conning down from Dayton. He took his boat and cargo on down to New Oi'Ieans, where he disposed of his load of " five hundred venison hams and bacon."

Springfield was laid out in March, 1801. Griffith Foos, who came that spring, built a tavern, which he completed and opened in June, remaining in this ]>Iace till 1814. He often stated that when emigrating West, his party were four days and a half^ getting fi-om Franklinton, on the Scioto, to Springfield, a distance of forty-two miles. When crossing the Big Darlw, they were obliged to carry all their goods over on' horseback, and then drag their wagons across with ropes, while some of the party swam by the side of the wagon, to prevent its upsetting. The site of the town was oY such practical beauty and utility, that it soon attracted a large number of settlers, and, in a few years, Springfield was incorporated. In 1811, a church was built by the residents for the use of all denominations.

tTcciiiiiscli, or Tecuinsho, was a son of Pnckpshinwa, a niembor of tiie Kiscopoko tribe, and Methoataske, of the Tiiitle trilic nf tlie Sliawatiee nation. They removed from Florida to Ohio Boon after their niiirriage. The father, I'uckesliinwa, rose to the rank of a ehief, andfeUattho battle of I'oint Pleasant, in 1774. After his death, the mother, Methoataske, returned to the south, where she died at an advanced age. Teciimoeh was born about the year 17fi.s. Ho early showed a piussion for war, and, when only 'J.7 years of age, was made a chief. The next year he removed to Deer Creek, in the vicinity of Urbana. and from there lo the site of Piqua, on the Great Miami. In Hits he accepted the invitation of the Delawares in the vicinity of White Kiver, Indiana, and from that time made the (lid Tiidian town of Piqua, the ancient Piqna of the Shawanecs, on the north side of Mad lliver, about five miles west of Springfield. The town was destroyed by the Kentucky Rangers under Gen. George Rogers Clarke in 1780, at the same time he destroyed " Old Chillicothe." Immense fields of standing corn about both towns were cut down, compelling the Indians to resort to the hunt with more than ordinary vigxn', to sustain themselves and their wives and children. This search insured safety for some time on the borders. The site of Cadiz, in Harrison County, was settled in A])ril, ITHD, by Alexander Henderson and his family, from Washinirton County, Penn. When they arrived, they found neigh})ors in the persons of Daniel Peterson and his family, who lived near the forks of Short Creek, and who had preceded them but a very short time. The next year, emigrants began to cross the Ohio in gTeat numbers, and in five or six years larti:e settlements could be seen in this part of the State. The county was erected in 1814, and Cadiz, laid out in 1808, made the county seat.

While the settlers wpre locating in and about Cadiz, a few families came to what is now Monroe County, and settled near the present town of Beallsville. Shortly after, a few persons settled on the Clear Fork of the Little Muskingum, and a few others on the east fork of Duck Creek. The next season all those settlements received additions and a few other localities were also occupied. Before long the town of Beallsville was laid out, and in time became quite populous. The county was not erected until 1813, and in 1815 Woodsfield was laid out and made the seat of justice.

The opening of the season of 1800 - the dawn of a new century - saw a vast emigration west ward. Old settlements in Ohio received immense increase of emigrants, while, branching out in all directions like the radH of a circle, other settlements were constantly formed until, in a few years, all parts of the State knew the presence of the white man.

Towns sprang into existence here and there ; mills and factories were erected; post offices and post-routes were established, and the comforts and conveniences of life began to appear.

With this came the desire, so potent to the mind of all American citizens, to rule themselves through representatives chosen by their own votes. Hitherto, they had been ruled by a Governor and Judges appointed by the President, who, in turn, appointed county and judicial officers. The arbitrary rulings of the Governor, St. Clair, had arrayed the mass of the people against him, and made the desire for the second grade of government stronger, and finally led to its creation.