Muskingum County, Ohio - Chapter 4: Zanesville, 1882 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter 4: Zanesville

MOOS-KING-DOM" - TRADING POST - ACT OF CONGRESS AUTHORIZING EBENEZER ZANE TO MAKE OUT A ROAD FROM WHEELING, VA. , TO LIMESTONE, KY. THE OLD INDIAN TRAIL THE

"From the river came the warriors, Clean and washed from all their war-paint; On the banks their war clubs buried, Buried all their warlike weapons, Gitche Manito, the mighty. The Great Spirit, the Creator, Smiled upon his helpless children.

Smoothed and finished it into Peace Pipes, Broke the long reeds by the river. Decked them with their brightest feathers. And departed each one homeward. While the Master of Life ascending, Through the opening of cloud curtains, Through the door-way of the Heavens, Vanithed from before their faces, In the smoke that rolled around them. The jPukwana of the Peace Pipe ! "

And they shared their treasures of the hills and valleys", the rich furs and robe skins of the Valley of "Moos-king-dom," with their brothers, the pale faces, whom they welcomed with their peace pipe, with their wampum belts and treasures ; bade them build their wigwam near their much loved "Elks Eye," and bring them clothing, beads and trinkets and the treasures known to white men. The invitation was accepted, and a trading post was established in 1794, by Joseph F. Moore, Herman Blannerhasset and Dudley Wood, of Marietta, who built their cabin about where the office of the Pataskala Mills now Stands, and kept the usual supply of goods for "Indian trade," which they exchanged for furs and other skins, and also paid them money. Detroit was headquarters for the fur trade, and thither they sent their skins, via. Marietta and Pittsburgh by canoes and pirogues, to Sandusky bv pack animals and thence to Detroit by ship. The superior quality of the furs and robes from the moos-king-dom region soon attracted attention, and another highway leading through it w^as soon determined upon. On the 17th of May, 1796, Congress passed an act authorizing Ebenezer Zane to make out a road from Wheeling, Virginia, to Limestone, (now Maysville, Ky.,) on the Ohio river, crossing the rivers at Zanesville, Lancaster and Chillicothe, and in

1797, Zane, with his brother, Jonathan, and his brother-in-law, John Mclntire, proceeded to cut out the road, which consisted in removing the trees anc^ smaller growth, and blazing the route. They were assisted by John Green, William McCulloch, Ebenezer Ryan and others. John Green had charge of the pack horses. John Mclntire being a shoemaker and not accustomed to the use of the axe, was selected to keep the party in game, of which there was abundance over the entire route. They encountered no Indians, but had to guard against wolves at night, which was easily done, however, by keeping a bright fire burning.

The route they chose was near the old Indian trail. Arriving at Salt creek, they surveyed' down that stream as far as what has since been known as Duncan's Falls, but decided to return and cross the Muskingum river at the mouth of the Licking river, deeming the possibilities for water power better at this point, but stopping three miles east, near where the Shaffer meeting house stands, (on the Adamsville road) they surveyed down the east branch of Mill run, near the Indian trail, crossed the run near the bridge by the old blast furnace, traveled south as far as the head of Lehew's hollow, and then southwest to what is now Market street. They returned to the point near the Shaffer meeting house and proceeded in a southwest course until they arrived in the neighborhood of what has since been known as the Evans and Irvin place, (on the National Road,) and thence proceeded to Mill run, up Mill run hill south, and then nearly due west, and down the steep hill where the Machine House now stands, known as the Cochran Hill. They crossed over to what is known as Silliman street, between Dr. Brown's late residence and the German Catholic church, and down main street and crossed the Muskingum river at the south side of Licking island, which was where the pier of the Y bridge now stands. They then passed over Chapman's run, southeast of the stone quarry, through the Springer farm, and on the southwest over what has since been known as "the Maysville pike."

The old Indian trail crossed the river at the foot of Market street (at the head of the upper falls, about where the first dam. was built), to what became West Zanesville ; over the Licking Island to the South Ward, and up Chapman's Run, through what is known as the Fair Grounds, to the "Maysville Pike." This Indian trail coursed from Wheeling to this place, on through Chillicothe, to the Ohio river.

General Land Office, > Washington, D. C, April 24th, 1880. ) I, J. A. Williamson, Commissioner of the General Land Office, do hereby certify that the annexed copy is a true and literal exemplificatior of a land patent, issued to Ebenezer Zane, on first and escaped to the woods. John Mclntire expressed his opinion that it would be difficult to find him, and offered $ 1 50 for him, which the master accepted and released his claim on him. He no doubt fully repaid Mr. Mclntire, as he lived with him as a faithful servant many years. At the time of taking charge of the ferry his home was on River street, in West Zanesville, and he died there in 1840. He was good natured, " a fair performer on the violin," and a great favorite, being ever on the alert for a frolic. The humor and cunning of this negro is aptly illustrated in connection with his marriage, the certificate of which is here given, premising that the 'Squire agreed to marry Black Mess and Ann Thompson, like white folks, for which he should receive one dollar :

The ceremony was performed in John Mclntire's house, where Black Mess was living at the time. When the 'Squire had made " the twain one flesh " according to law, he asked for his reward. The newly made husband informed him that when he (the 'Squire) had kissed the bride, as he was accustomed . to do when marrying white folks, the dollar should be forth coming ! 'Squire Thompson gracefully declined, saying that he did not want Mess' dollar.

In the spring of 1798, Elias Hughes, with his wife and twelve children, accompanied by his nephew, John Ratliff, with his wife and four children, came "to the mouth of the Licken," and built their cabins on the north bank, where they resided about a year-, and removed twenty miles upthat river, where Mr. Hughes died in 1843, being about the age of ninety years.

The pioneers who found their way into the beautiful valley of the Muskingum, now so widely known, were men of nerve and rare sagacity, familiar with the red men of the forest at home, and in no wise inclined to under-value their judgement in selecting the domain over which it would be most profitable for them to roam ; and knowing that "the northwest country' ' was a great hunting ground, their eyes were naturally turned to that country as the " land of promise." This will be apparent when we recall their home surroundings, which the following extract will serve to show :

"October 29th, i73i,Jona Davenport made affidavit at Philadelphia,. Pa., that a French agent had, every spring, for several years past, come down to the Shawanee settlement at Alleghany, and consulted with the Indians there. James Le Tort made a similar affidavit at the same time. Attached to the affidavits is a memorandum "of the number of Indians. Among them are " three Shawanee towns on Conumach creek, forty-five families, 200 men.' Next to this is the item. ' Asswikales, fifty families.

Now Isaac Zane was born on the south branch of the Potowmack, in Virginia, in 1753, and it is safe to conclude that his kindred were well acquainted with Asswikales. Indeed the sequel of his first and doubtless providential determination, was to accomplish a happy marriage, and cement the bonds of peace, then beginning to prevail - between the Indian and pale taces. A treaty to this effect having been entered into by the great Shawanee nation, of which the Asswikales were a part, and the Congress of the United States. The storms of anger -had ceased, the council fires- were burning brightly, and intercourse between the two races was pacific. Isaac Zane was at that impressionable age when the gentle goddess comes with her divinest allurements, and he said :

And when he found himself in the presence of the great chief of the Asswikales, who knew so much about the people, who was rich in love of hunting grounds, in the region of the Elk's Eye, and richer still in having a comely daughter, he reminded him of all the past, and asked to be his son, saying :

"After many years of warfare, Many years of strife and bloodshed, There is peace between us, O, Asswikales, Between the Shawnee and pale faces, Give me as my wife this maiden, Minnehaha, Laughing Water," Loveliest of lovely women !

"And the ancient arrow maker Paused a moment ere he answered, Smoked a little while in silence. Looked at Isaac proudly, Fondly looked at Laughing Water, And made answer very gravely :

"Yes, if Minnehaha wishes ; Let your heart speak, Minnehaha!" And the lovely Laughing Water Seemed more lovely, as she stood there. Neither willing nor reluctant, As she went to the brave Isaac, Softly took her seat beside him, While she said, and blushed to say it,

From the sky the sun benignant Looked upon them through the branches, Saying to them, "O, my children. Love is like sunshine, hate is shadow. Life is checkered shade and sunshine, Eule by Love, O, happy Isaac !"

- j 1 f II »' And of singers, the most elysian ; Men were joyous at the sound Of the rich melodies of her voice, Until one day as they found, She was a white man's choice, And to him had welcome given. Then their joy was turned to anguish, And their very souls were riven, For without her they must languish ; But they breathed an invocation Of blessing on each nation, In her so fully blended ; And their fervent prayer ascended, And will ascend forever, To bless the singer and her lover.

This comely maiden became the wife of William McCulloch, who, having found an eden in this charming, valley was soon enjoying the sunshine of her love. By the margin of the waters, where the Muskingum gently glides, there was built their cabin home. And there on the 7th of April night, 1798, their son, Noah Zane McCulloch, was born, and was probably the first white child born within the limits of what is now Muskingum county. The cabin was built on the spot where the canal waters traverse the south side of Main street.

The trading post was now rapidly growing into the likeness of a white settlement and acquiring the modes of civilization, and as such was called Westbourne, and was on the west side of the river, within the boundaries of the Eighth Ward, as now designated. October 27, 1798, the Postmaster General recognized the right of the citizens to mail facilities, and by contract authorized the transporting of mail to and from this point, and at the same time changed the name to Zanestown - in compliment of Mr. Zane. The following year Messrs. Zane and McCulloch laid out the town into squares and lots. Henry Crooks came about this time and resided with McCulloch. He built his cabin during the winter of 1798-9, just where is not now known, only that it was within the boundaries of what is known as the Seventh Ward. Mrs. Crooks was the only white woman this side of Lancaster. Mr. Crooks' brother Andrew and wife, and sons George M. and Jacob, and daughter Nancy, joined them soon after. They were followed by John Bland, Henry

In 1799 John Mclntire built a cabin in a beautiful maple grove situated on the site since known as the southwest corner of Second and Market streets. His sagacity prompted him to build a large house, for the double purpose of having a comfortable home and keeping an inn, the want of the latter having been felt on more than one occasion. Although a one-story house, it commanded a fine view of the falls and ^;he upper ford. According to Mrs. Charles G. Goddard (good authority), "John Mclntire cut down the trees and hewed nearly all of the logs, shaped saplings into rafters, split scantling for door and window frames, etc. The window glass (the first used here) was brought from Wheeling, Va. The house was not finished until the spring of 1800, and was quite a mansion for those days. It is due to Mr. Mclntire and lady to say that their accommodations, though in a log cabin, were such as to render their house to the travellers a home." - [Howe's Historical Notes of Ohio.]

Louis Phillippe, a noted King of France, was once a guest with the Mclntires. Hon. Lewis Cass, in "Camp and Court of Louis Phillippe," thus alludes to it: "At Zanesville, the party found the comfortable cabin of Mr. John Mclntire, and whose house was a favorite place of rest and refreshment for all travelers, who, at this early period, were compelled to transverse that part of the country. And if these pages should chance ' to meet the eyes of any of those who, like the writer, hav^ passed many a pleasant hour under the roof of this uneducated, but truly worthy and respectable man, he trusts they will unite in this tribute to his memory." The King's visit was probably made in 1802.

According to Silas Johnson, long a servant of John Mclntire, "John Mclntire was born in Alexandria, Virginia, in October, 1759, and married Sarah M. Zane, in Wheeling, Virginia, in December, 1789. He was a little below medium height, rathet fleshy, full-faced, rather high forehead, had blue eyes, rather lightish brown hair, wore no beard and weighed between 150 and 160 pounds ; was of a pleasant disposition except when insulted, when he would instantly knock the offender down, and go off" about his business. His word was as good as his bond." He died in his stone house, corner of Fountain alley and Second street, July 29th, 1815. His remains repose in the old grave yard at the head of Main street.

Mrs. Mclntire was a resolute woman, of good practical sense, and like her husband was quick to resent an insult, and intolerant of what she deemed wrong. Standing in her door one day, looking over the foi-d at the head of the falls, she saw two Indians, one a great tall fellow, carrying his bow and arrow, the other his squaw, a small woman, carrying her papoose and cooking utensils, struggling along with difficulty against the current, as they waded across. The sight made her angry, and when the Indian came up and asked her for something to eat, she took a stick and whipped him, saying, "Begone, you lazy dog." With an ugh ! he went away, when she gave the squaw and her papoose a hearty meal.

At another time when there was to be Methodist preaching in the court house, and owing to some feud between the janitor of the court house and the M. E. Church, the doors were not opened in time, Mrs. Mclntire became indignant and ordered "Black Mess" to bring an ax, and it needed no more persuasion to induce the janitor to hurry up with the keys. Some one havmg informed Mr. Mclntire what was going on, he was told to "go back; Sally will make her way through."

Mrs. Mclntire was also a very kind woman, and spent much time visiting the sick and visiting and encouraging the settlers and administering to their wants. There were "always good things in Aunty Mclntire's larder to eat and to drink, and herbs and roots for medicine when wanted, a bountiful suppljr of which she furnished to the needy."

Mr. Mclntire's daughter, and only child, was born June 3d, 1800. She was sent to Philadelphia to school, where she graduated, and was to have been married to an Irish Lord about the time she died, which was December 15th, 1820.

Mrs. Mclntire, nee Sarah M. Zane, daughter of Ebenezer and Elizabeth Zane, was born in Wheeling, Virginia, February 22, 1773, was married to John Mclntire as stated, and again married to David Young, August 15th, 1816. She died in Zanesville, March 8th, 1854. -^ short time prior to her demise she' gave to her faithful servant, Silas Johnson (colored), her large family Bible.

On the 31st of July, 1857, at the request of General Charles B. Goddard, President of the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, and Adam Peters, Vice President, William Culbertson took the noted Mclntire cabin down, it having stood more than half a century - until the winters' storms and summers' scorching heat.had rendered it unfit for habitation. He was requested also to preserve one of the rafters and keep it in his possession until he received a wi"itten order from the proper authorities to deliver it up. These two gentlemen had contemplated erecting a Mclntire High School building in the near future from funds belonging to the Mclntire estate, and intended to place this rafter from the old cabin in the building, with a suitable inscription as a memento that might remind the children of their benefactor, of his industry and benevolence.

At the meeting of the Directors of the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, held January 6th, 1880, the following resolutions were adopted :

Resolved, That the committee on the building of the Mclntire Children's Home, be and they are hereby instructed to introduce into the finish of the walls of some suitable room of the new building, one or more of the timbers of John Mclntire's log cabin, preserved by William Culbertson.

Resolved, That the thanks of this Board are hereby extended to William Culbertson for his * care in the preservation of the timbers, and he is hereby authorized to make such use of said timbers, as are not required by said committee for said purpose, as he may see fit.

Dear Sir - Herewith I hand you cop-!" >i resolutions passed by the Board of Direct . of the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company. Respectfully,

This stick of timber, which has been preserved by Mr. Culbertson for almost twenty-three years, will be confided to the care of the Directors 01 the Canal and Manufacturing Company, to be placed by them in the Mclntire Children's Home. Nothing could be more appropriate. The Mclntire Children's Home will be the pride of the city and county - will be an enduring monument to those who struggled year after year to give a comfortable home, warm clothing and suitable food to the unfortunate waifs of society.

That kind, charitable lady, who wiped the tears from the cheeks of the orphans, has a monument in the hearts of the poor more valuable by far, and more enduring than the monuments built of marble and granite, even could stone be piled upon stone, until the pinnacle reached high above the clouds of heaven.

In the fall of 1799 came John Green, (afterterwards known as "General Green"), and made his home with Wm. McCuUoch during the winter, spending his time hunting deer and bear, the most of which he prepared for future use. In April following, he moved his family thither from Wheeling, Va., accompanied by Abraham McCulloch. They had each a four horse team and wagon, probably the first teams brought here. General Green brought with him a pair of hand mill stones for grinding corn. This primitive mill, when in working order, had a pole adjusted to the ceiling of the building, and the other end through the upper stone, which was turned by one hand and the corn supplied by the other. He allowed his neighbors to use it, much to their convenience. Mr. Green's house was a story and a half double cabin, with a porch in front and spacious hall through the middle. It stood about the head of Main street, and opposite Silliman street of the present time. Here the first patriotic demonstration that was made in all this region took place, in the celebrating of the fourth of July, 1800, and ever aftei "Green's Tavern" was a noted place. Men came to the celebration with their wives and children, from twenty miles away, to join in the festivities. Orators "almost too full for utterwere there, and did ample justice to the Joseph F. Monroe read the Declaration of Independence. So great was the throng that a bower was erected for table accommodation, and they fared sumptuously. During "the feast of reason and flow of soal," eloquent toasts were read, and duly honored with the social glass. And when they had made an end of feasting, Thomas Dowden and "Black Mess" brough fourth their instruments and beguiled them with music, while old and young swayed to and fro in the mazes of the dance, which continued until the next day. It is said that Mrs. Mclntire lead the dance, and that the ladies furnished the tables. Henry Crooks (the ferryman) furnished roast pig, which was deemed indispensable.

About the month of October, 1799, came also John and George Mathews, from Wheeling, Va., and built a mill for grinding corn. It was constructed on board a boat, composed of two large canvas, with a water wheel between, and was anchored at the foot of the Fall, near where the lower bridge now stands, and on the east side of the river, and depended on the current, (which was swift,) for pQwer. It was well patronized by people from all parts of the valley. This mill was carried down tlie river by a freshet and lodged in Duncan's Falls, but was rescued and brought back, and continued in service three years, when it gave place to a "tub mill," with one run of stone, located at Moxahala, and was followed by another at the mouth of Joe's run. A part of this last mill may be seen during low water to this day.

In the spring of 1800 another accession to the population was made by the arrival of Martin Luther Loud Slagor and William Well. Slagor erected his cabin on the site now the northwest corner of Sixth and Main' streets, intending to keep tavern, but rented it to Thomas Corderey, who kept tavern in it for several years. Mr. Slagor purchased a small tract of land that has since been knows as "Slagor run," and there was started the first garden, farm and dairy. Mrs. Slagor sold milk, and has been kown to excuse the superabundance of the watery element in that fluid by saying she supposed "the cows had been wading the creek ! "

Mr. Ingalls built his cabin near John Mclntire's, and, considering the ordinance of Congress, in pursuance 'of the "ratification of the treaty concluded at Fort Mcintosh (with the Delawares, Chippewas and Ottawas, by which the United States acquired the title of those tribes to all lands lying east and west and south of a line drawn from the mouth of the Cuyahoga, up that river to the Tuscarawas portage. and to the Tuscarawas above Fort Lawrence, thence to the Maumee, and thence with that river to Lake Erie," being about three-fourths of the State of Ohio, and including all this region ; which treaty was ratified in May, 1785 ; the aforesaid ordinance provided that "the land was to be divided into townships of six miles square by lines running north and south, and intersected by other lines at right angles. These townships were to be divided into sections, each containing one square mile or six hundred and forty acres, and each range was to be numbered from south to north, commencing on the Ohio river ; the ranges were to be distinguished by progressive numbers westward, the first resting upon the western boundary of Pennsylvania as a base line, which prevented many settlers from becoming possessors of the land because of their inability to purchase the minimum quantity named, viz. : 640 acres), he entered into the business of purchasing such tracts for the settlers by associating them and sub-dividing the tracts according to the stipulations made between them. He was therefore the first land agent and seems to have conducted the business so as to win the confidence of the Government as well as the settler, as he was subsequently appointed collector of taxes on lands owned by non-residents. By act of Congress, dated February 1805, proviso was made whereby settlers might enter tracts of smaller sub-division, such as half and quarter sections. [See Revised Statutes of the U. S., section 2,396, p. 442.]

In 1800 or 1801, perhaps in the early part of the winter, John Houck came to Zanestown and began to do tailoring. In 1804 he was elected constable ; in 1806 was appointed Deputy SheiifF. He was probably the first tailor in the region.

Early in the spring of 1861 Dr. Increase Mathews and his brother John started a store in a cabin situated on what is now the northwest corner of Main and Third streets. This was the first store of the kind on the east side of the river. Our informant humorously lists their supply of merchandise as follows : "These two men kept a stock of brandy and buttons, needles and nutmegs, sugar and saleratus, iron and ink, calico and cai-ds, rope and rum, pins and physic, powder and bear traps, blisters and blueing, etc." This stock of physic was probably denominated a "Drug Store". In 1803 the merchandise was moved south of the river into what has since been called Putnam, and was located at what is now 108 Muskingum Avenue. Probably soon after or shortly before opening this store' Dr. Mathews visited Marietta to attend a sale of Government land, intent on purchasing the section, or part, in which is now the ninth ward. John, Mclntire also started for the same place on the same errand at the same time, although neither acquainted the other with the object of his visit. The first night they camped in the woods ; at the close of the second da}- they arrived in the town of Marietta. Here they separated. Dr. Mathews proceeded up Washington street to the house ot his uncle. General Rums Putnam, who then had charge of the land office. Mr. Mclntire found his way to the hotel. At General Putnam's Dr. Mathews met a cousin, Mr. Levi Whipple ; during the conversation that ensued. General Putnam said : "You boys ought to purchase the land, and if necessary, I will aid you in making the first payment." The next day the land was put up for sale and the bidding between Mclntire and Dr. Mathews was very spirited. At length Mclntire, not doubting that he would make sure, of the purchase, bid four dollars per acre. Dr. Mathews immediately bid four dollars and twenty-five cents, and as there was no higher bid the land was struck off to him.

Alvah Buckingham

From a work entitled "The Buckingham Family, or the Descendants of Thomas Buckingham," one of the first settlers of Milford, Connecticut, (compiled at the request of William A. Buckingham, of Norwich, Connecticut, by Rev. F. W. Chapman, A.M., author of " The Chapman Family," etc., etc., etc. Hartford, Connecticut : Press of Case, Lockwood & Brainard, 1872) the following compilation is derived:

Alvah Buckingham, son of Ebenezer and Esther (Bradley) Buckingham, was born at Ballston Springs, New York, March 20, 1791. In 1794 his parents removed to Cooperstown, New York. In- 1797 his elder brothers, Stephen and Ebenezer, left home to see the wild west of the Alleghany Mountains and Ohio river. In the fall of 1799 they returned with such glowing accounts of this new land that their parents, with their numerous children, except two married daughters, left Cooperstown for the western wilderness. They located at first at a point between the Whitewoman and Tuscarawas, two streams forming the Muskingum river, near their confluence. This was almost the first settlement; made in that region, and was about two miles above the present town of Coshocton. The nearest white settlement was Zanesville, some thirty miles south, on the Muskingum river.

While the elder members of the family traded with the Indians for furs, robes, etc., the younger ones joined in their sports and learned their strange language. And this was- never eiitirely forgotten, as fifty years later counting in the Indian tongue was a source of great entertainment to a delighted circle of little auditors. Their amusements were "throwing the tomahawk," " shooting with bow and arrow," " tossing up chips for old Indians to fire at," (in which they were very expert), and other athletic sports. In the spring of 1802, finding this location unhealthy, the family removed to Carthage township, in the southeastern part of Athens county, Ohio, on the Hock Hocking river. Here the subject of this article, Alvah Buckingham, had the inestimable privilege of attending school; though it was four miles distant from his home to the school house, he walked thereto daily. Out of school he assisted on the farm or indulged in hunt, ing. This latter was his favorite passtime, as at that early date game was plenty. The woods were infested with bear, deer, panther, raccoon, opossum, and wild turkey. Near the farm was quite a celebrated deer lick, where, on moonlight nights, he was accustomed to station his watch, and many a victim rewarded his unerring rifle. It was in one of these lonely watches that his quickness of thought and rapidity of action saved his life, and brought down a huge panther, poised just above him, and ready for the spring.

At the a?e of seventeen he met with a severe accident. Hunting in the woods one day, his horse became frightened, reared and fell back on his rider. Stunned by the fall, he yet recovered to find his right leg broken both above and below the knee, himself distant from the nearest house, which was his own home, over three miles away, and no aid for his rescue but his own mother wit. With a courageous spirit, and by dint of crawling on his two hands and one knee, he reached the river, which, fortunately, was low enough to enable him to cross, holding his mouth just above the water, and thus reached home just as his sinking strength gave way. The limb was splintered as best could be in a country home, but a weary years' confinement was the result, and, ever after, a slight lameness.

In 1804, the older brother, Ebenezer Buckingham, moved to Putnam, opposite Zanesville, Ohio, and, to assist him in business, Alvah followed in 1810, leaving his parents still at the Hocking farm. In 1813, g^tephen, an older brother, died, and Alvah was called upon to take charge of his business, which he did for two years In April, 1816, Solomon Sturgesand himself, having married sisters - the Misses Hale, of Glastonbury, Connecticut - formed a mercantile partnership, one fourth each, with their older brother, Ebenezer Buckingham, under the firm name of E. Buckingham & Co., a firm widely known in their then pioneer life. Ebenezer married Eunice Hale, of Glastonbury, Connecticut, and, returning to the West, brought the two sisters-in-law, Anna and Lucy Hale, the whole party crossing the Alleghany Mountains on horseback, as at that time there were no roads for carriages or wagons. In 1S18 Anna Hale returned to her Eastern home, but, as it proved, only for a time. As leader in the church choir, she sat in her accustomed place on the last Sunday of September, 1819, in the old church at Glastonbury. Glancing below, her eyes met the well known figure of her Western friend.- An interview, a hurried proposal, and a hurried marriage on the following Sabbath evening, left our young couple free to start on their homeward westward route, and on horseback again, as in her previous trip, the wife of Alvah Buckingham was escorted to her pioneer home. Returning to Putnam, they purchased, on the banks of the Muskingum river, a very modest homestead of one room; and there, in 1820, set up their household goods. In 1821, they built a two story brick house, to which they subsequently added, in 1834, a more commodious addition. This was the old homestead in which all their children were born, and is now occupied by their youngest son, James Buckingham.

In October, 1824, Ebenezer Buckingham, Sr., the father of Alvah, died, at the old farm house in Carthage, Athens county, and his wife, Esther, then removed to the home of her son, Ebenezer, Jr., in Putnam, where she died June 25th, 1827. In August, 1832, the firm of E. Buckingham, Jr., & Co., was dissolved by the sudden and painful death of Ebenezer Buckingham, and the business was continued under the new firm name of "A. Buckingham & Co.," and, the following year, another brother, Milton, was induced to give up the old farm at Carthage and join the firm, taking one-half of Alvah's share; while at the same time Solomon Sturges, Alvah's partner, persuaded his brother, Hezekiah, to remove from Fairfield, Connecticut, and share in his share.

At this time there was a great need felt of good schools, and in 1835, a charter for a seminary was recorded, to be called the Putnam Classical Institute, to be located in Putnam. Mrs. Eunice Hale Buckingham, wife of Ebenezer, Alvah Buckingham, Solomon Sturges, Julius C. Guthrie, and Austin A. Guthrie, furnished the funds, and the seminary was established, which, through all its vicissitudes of time, still continues worthy of patronage.

It 1843, Milton Buckingham removed to Springfield, Ohio, and Alvah could thus admit his oldest son, Benjamin, to a partnership. In 1845, the firm name of A. Buckingham & Co. was dissolved, and a new firm name (.Buckingham & Sturges) established, composed of Benjamin H. Buckingham and William Sturges, the two oldest sons of the two former partners. In 1850, R. P. Burlingame, a friend, was sent to Chicago, Illinois, to open up a lumber trade there, the funds being furnished by Alvah Buckingham. The next, year the two built the first grain elevator in the city of Chicago. It was built of wood, holding some 75jO00 bushels of grain - at that time a great wonder. It was called the Fulton Elevator. In 1851, Alvah Buckingham established branch houses in New York City and Toledo, Ohio, for his two oldest sons, Benjamin and Philo, buying the Pehdleton Elevator, the first one built in Toledo. They soon built a sefeond elevator, and here, in the press and excitement of a too extended business, Philo, the second son, lost his health and died quite suddenly, April 6th, 1853, in the homestead at Putnam.

In 1854, Alvah Buckingham sold a third interest in his Chicago Fulton Elevator to his partner, Solomon Sturges, and shortly after they concluded a contract with the Illinois Central Railroad to do all their grain warehousing business for ten years. In 1856, they built and opened the two large warehouses called "A" and "B," in the city of Chicago, holding some 800,000 bushels of grain, the marvels of the day. After this date of 1855, Alvah Buckingham spent most of his time in Chicago, and three years later moved his family there. His Sldest son, Benjamin, removed to Chicago also, but died in 1864, at Madison, New Jersey, while on a visit to his father-in-law, Mr. John S. Potwin. Benjamin Buckingham was singularly sincere and just in his dealings with man ; of great Christian purity and behavior, a man of unblemished character and fine financial knowledge and ability. Philo, the second son, many will recall with melancholy pleasure. He was a large hearted, generous man ; had a full faith, too great, in human nature; generous to a fault; fond of outdoor life, agriculture and stock raising being his special delight. The surviving brother, James, seems to have combined the qualities of both his brothers in business and occupation.

In April, 1865, Mr. Alvah Buckingham removed to New York City, where, with his daughters, he resided at No. 18 East Twelfth street, until his death. His daughter, Julia A., had married the Hon. Samuel S. Cox, of Ohio, and the other daughter, Elizabeth, had married John A. Hardenbargh, of New York. In the spring of 1866, having occasion to locate some lands in the West, Alvah Buckingham took his youngest son, James, as a companion, and traveled through Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas; and though much of this was accomplished in a spring wagon, over rough roads, and at the age of seventy-five, it was without any apparent fatigue.

In the spring of 1867, he made a second pilgrimage to the West, this time traveling through Iowa and Nebraska, and passing over the line of the Pacific Railroad as far as it was then finished. He was ambitious to be on the first train through to the Pacific Ocean; but this anticipation was not to be realized.

The summer of 1867 was spent with his family and two daughters, Mrs. Cox and Mrs. Hardenbargh, at Saratoga, ending in a most pleasurable trip to the White Mountains. Returning to his New York home, his wife was taken sick with pneumonia, and died September 24th, 1867, and her remains were taken to their first home, Putnam, Ohio. In a week Mr. Buckingham was stricken down, and eleven days after his remains reposed by the side of his wife, in Woodlawn Cemetery, Putnam, Ohio. He died October 4th, 1867.

Mr. Alvah Buckingham was distinguished as a conscientious man, courteous, just, business-like, and although economic, was a speculative merchant. He had also a rare genius for building bridges, elevators, and houses. He was an affectionate husband and indulgent father. He married Anna Hale, of Glastonbury, Connecticut, October 3d, 1819, who died September 24th, 1867, at No. 13 East Twelfth street, New York. Their children were Benjamin Hale, Philo, Elizabeth, Julia Ann, James, and Elizabeth (the second.)

"Business meant business,"' the Di*. said, to whom the event became one of the pleasant reminiscences of his life. He associated with him Levi Whipple, who, together with General Putnam, who afterwards became a partner. They were the original proprietors of the "town of Springfield," named from the spring known as "Lovers' Fountain," which sends its silver purling stream down the rocky bank of yonder hill that now so proudly overlooks the city, and whose summit is adorned by "Putnam Park." The town was subsequently named Putnam, after General Rufus Putnam. (See Rev. Addison Kingsbury's "History Resume"). In 1801 Levi Whipple built his cabin at the mouth of the Licking, and about the 25th of October of that year moved his family into it. He followed surveying until 1804 when he engaged in the milling business. He was the first Justice of the Peace elected in Springfield ; was subsequently Coroner and then acting Sheriff". During this year Robert Whipple built his cabin in Putnam, and in December, 1801, Joseph F. Monroe completed a two-story log house on the site known as the southeast corner of Second and Main streets, the first two-story log house built in Zanestown. And during this year Isaac Zane built a log cabin on the site now known as 98 West Main street. This cabin was completed about Christmas and, as usual, was dedicated with a dance, "Black Mess" furnishing the music.

According to E. H. Church, Ebenezer Buckingham, Sen., came in 1801, or perhaps i8oo-. He was a bricklayer and stone mason by trade, a conscientious Christian and gentleman. He became a State Senator, was one of the first Fund Commissioners of Ohio after the adoption of the canal policy 1825, and was, in his public career, of great value to the State. He conducted his large business interests on the Putnam side of the river. When the turbid waters of the Muskingum closed over Ebenezer Buckingham the half completed career of an honest heart ceased to beat ; a heroic pioneer's life went out ; an incbiTuptible legislator and unimpeachable public officer ceased to be."

Early in the spring of 1802, came Jeffrey Price, with a young daughter. They boarded with John Mclntire. Price kept a store in a log cabin on the site now known as the southeast corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street. He sold out to John Mathews, and in 1806 became postmaster at Zanestown. And about this time came. James Herron, and began to make brick, the first work of the kind in Zanestown. His brother, David, a hatter, came soon after, and James associated with . him in that business. About this time came Jacob Funk, a blacksmith. His shop was on the site now the northeast corner of Main street and Court Alley. And in the spring of 1803 Christian Spangler, blacksmith, came, and built a shop, on the site now the northwest corner of Main street and Sewer alley. At the time of the formation of Muskingum county he was elected a member of the his cabin where Colonel Goddard's office now is. Mills built his cabin, and kept a general store, a little west of the market-house. Hahn built a one and a half story double cabin on the site novv the northwest corner of Fourth and Canal streets ; it was used as a place for amusements.

General Lewis -Cass located in Zanestown in 1804, and was soon after elected to the Legislature, where he distinguished himself by his efforts to arrest the progress of the celebrated expedition of Aaron Burr. He was appointed Marshal of Ohio, by President Jackson, in 1807, and afterwards served as Prosecuting Attorney of Muskingum county. In order to repel Indian aggressions he entered the Army, and in 181 2 raised the Third Ohio Regiment, which he commanded. He subsequently was made a Major General, and in 18 13 became Governor of the territory of Michigan, and continued in that position until called to the War Department by General Jackson, in 1831. From 1836 to 1842 he was Minister to France, and afterward was twice elected to the United States Senate, and subsequently was Secretary of State of the United States.

Samuel Goff", wife, and three children, came in 1805, from Philadelphia, and built his cabin. a hewed, double log house, where Jones & Abbott's foundry is. He was a stonemason, and a decided acquisition to the builders. The same year Samuel Frazey came to Zanestown. He was the first to engage in harness making. He built the first brick house, which was his dwelling and shop.

In 1804 came also Elijah Ross and Peter Mills. Mr. Ross prospected through the Muskingum and Miami Valleys, and returned to Zanesville. He was a gunsmith, and the first in this section to engage in the business. His dwelling and shop was built on what is now the northeast corner of Locust Alley and Second street. In 1812 he was drafted into the United States military service, and detailed to remain at home and repair guns and accoutrements for soldiers. In 1 8 16 he sold his property and removed to West Zanesville, where he carried on the business of a gunsmith until 1823, when he returned to the east side of the river, and lived for some years on South Sixth street, and subsequently on Main, above Seventh. He bored his own gun barrels, and made the first blowpipes for blowing glass, and sometimes helped the glass-blowers, being "a handy man at anything." George Hahn, Grant Scott, Neil Wilkins, and "Lem" Owens, were among the Zanesville boys who served apprenticeship with him. Lem Owens was the noted "Colonel Pluck" of the Fantasticals, elsewhere described.

Mr. Ross was fond of fox hunting, and seemed never happier than when following his hounds over the Muskingum hills. He was of a genial nature, and a total abstainer from intoxicants. He was the father of twelve children : "Betsy," Theodore, "A. C," Ann, Margaret, George, James, Ruth, Jane, Thomas, Harriet, and Elvira.

Mr. Ross was of Scotch descent. Fle married Mary (commonly called "Polly") Coffman. They came from Washington, Pa. Elijah Ross died November 30, 1864, in the 79th year of his age, universally respected for his industry and honesty.

James Culbertson airrived in the spring of 1805. Being a hatter, he pursued that calling. His was the second hat shop in the now promising town. His place of business was where the southwest corner of Fifth and Market streets now is. There he continued until he died, September 3, 1836, in the 57th year of his age. In this year also came Noyce Stone, a carpenter. He was' appointed Deputy Sheriff and Jailer in 1816 ; also, Samuel Goff and wife, from England. Mrs. Goff', having been well educated in Eng-. land, taught school. They had three children : Thomas, William^ and Betsy.

Among the more prominent settlers in 1805 were: Daniel Stilwell, who, with his wife and five children, came from Bucks county, Pa. His daughter Anna married John C. Stogden, March 31, 181 1 ; his son John married Anna M. Adams, September 26, "1844 ; his other daughter

Isaac Van Home, Senr., came in company with his uncle Gen. Isaac Van Home, from Bucks county. Pa. Mr. Van Home was a carpenter. In 1 8 10 he built a two storv frame house on what is the northeast corner of Potter alley and Main street. July 11, 1811, he married Patience Hanson. He died September 12, 1824, leaving five daughters and one son.

William Craig, a carpenter, came the same year ; purchased a lot at the crossing of Fourth and Market streets, and there built a hewed log house. In 1806 he was elected Justice of the Peace, and in 1814 was elected Mayor of the town. He was a candidate for Governor of Ohio in i8i4,and, though defeated, received the appellation of " Governor " Craig. In 1817 the County Commissioners apppointed him collector of taxes. Governor Craig gave bond in the sum of $8,354.08 ; his sureties were James Mc- Guire, James Hampson, James lierron and Jacob Linder. He collected the taxes and ran away with the money. I'he Commissioners brought suit against his bondsmen for something over two thdusand dollars. Jas. McGuire was corripelled to sell nearly all his property, making him almost a bankrupt. James Linder had to sell his farm and stock ; he was entirely broken up. Hampson and Herron paid their quota without much inconvenience. The Governor left his wife behind when he departed, but she

Dui-ing this year also came Elijah Hart, having a letter of introduction from his old friend Jeremiah Morrow to his friend Wyllys Silliman, Register of the Land Office at Jamestown, requesting his aid in selecting a farm in the vicinity. Mr. Silliman gave him a letter to Joseph Vernon, who owned a large and valuable tract of land in Washington township, afterwards owned by Moses Robertson. Mr. Hart selected the farm to the northeast of this tract, and in November, 1806, returned with wife and children, four sons and five daughters. Arriving in Jamestown, he rented a cabin near the. foot of Main street, opposite Daniel Convers, from Robert Spear. Mr. Hart died March 17, 1807.

Gen. Isaac Van Home (whose ancestors were from Holland), came from Bucks county, Pa. In 1806 he purchased a lot where the Zane House stands, and upon it built a two story frame house which was used as a hotel. In 1807 he erected another frame house on the northwest corner of Main and Fourth streets, which was known for many years as the Wickham Hotel. Gen. Van Home served through the Revolutionary war, was acquainted with Gen. Washington, a friend of LaFayette, and met them in Masonic convocations. While in Philadelphia he received a portrait of Gen. LaFayette. He died in Zanesville, Feb. 2, 1834, in the 82d year of his age.

David J.' Marpole, from Bucks county, Pa., a carpenter, took much interest in the welfare of his adopted home. Was a member of the town council, and for three years, closing with 1810, represented Muskingum and Guernsey counties in the Legislature. In 1819 he was cashier of the old Muskingum Bank ; appropriated money to his private use, and gave up his property to satisfy the deficit, turning it over to Ebenezer Buckingham, president of the bank ; but not being sufficient, his bondsmen had to make up the remaining sum. In 1822 Mr. Marpole built a trading boat and left tor Texas with a load of produce. He never returned ; probably died there.

Col. George Jackson came from Clarksburgh, Va. ; he was elected to the Legislature in 1809-10, and 1817-18 as a State Senator. Among his children by his first wife were George W. Jackson, William, and a daughter (who became the wife of Return J. Meigs, Ohio's Governor in 181 2). His second wife was Mrs. Armisted Adams (married November 16, 1814), by whom he had one son and thi-ee daughters. Jackson bought a frame house that stood where the Masonic Temple now is. He died in 1829.

Gen. Samuel Herrick, lawyer, in 1809 built a substantial frame dwelling on the southwest corner of Third and Fountain alley, where he resided a number of years, and removed to his farm in Wayne township, but practiced his profession in the city, going in and out as occasion required. In 1810 he was elected by the Democratic party to the General Assembly. And the same year Governor Huntington appointed him collector of taxes for Muskingum and five other counties. In 1830 he resigned a public office, gave up his profession, was baptized into the Baptist Church by Rev. George Sedgwick ; he sold his farm and removed to the city and lived on the corner of Orchard and Underwood streets, when he died, March i, 1852, in the 74th year of his age.

William Langley, cooper, and Richard Brookover lived with their families in a cabin in the rear of the Zane House ; built a log cabin one and a half stories high on the northeast corner of Fountain alley and Second street, and followed his trade of coopering there for many years. Subsequently he built on the northeast corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street. Mr. Langley had four daughters and six sons.

Richard Brookover's cabin was in Fountain alley, in the rear of the present "Courier" office. In 1806 he moved into a cabin on the site now occupied by Jones & Abbott's foundry ; thence to a log house on the site of the " Regulator" building."

James Herron, James McGuire and Wm. Stinson, influenced by Robert Taylor, came soon after. McGuire moved from town to his farm on the Marietta road, and opened a coal bank. Stinson engaged in freighting, and died in 1838.

Joseph Beard, a calico printer, native of England, came from Marietta. His son, Wm. H., became Private Secretary to Governor Meigs ; who, when appointed Postmaster General, took young Beard with him to Washington and gave him an important position. While there he married Harriet B. Weston. At the close of the war with Great Britian he was chosen to convey the glad tidings to Gen. Harrison, then in command of the Army of the West, with headquarters at Chilhcothe, then the capital of the State. In 182 1 he had the contract for carrying the mail between Zanesville and Lancaster. In 1833 he retired to a farm, but died in Zanesville December 8, 1870, m the 87th year of his age. Mrs. Beard died February 4, 1869. They had lived together fifty-four years.

Hugh and Isaac Hazlett : Hugh was born in Ireland, and while a mere lad came to America with his parents. After his arrival in Zanesville he engaged in merchandising, but subsequently removed to Newark, Ohio ; he returned, however, to Zanesville in 1838 and re-embarked in merchandising, and also engaged in the manufacture of white lead, which he conducted for a number of years. He died October 9th, 1868, aged 84 years.

Isaac Hazlett also engaged in the mercantile business. At one time there were three Robert Hazletts - Hugh's son, Robert the elder, who was known as Captain "Bob," being Captain of "The Warren Green's," and his son Robert. Hugh's son was locally called "Black Bob," because he had such black hair. Captain Hazlett died in i860.

Hugh and Isaac Hazlett were in partnership in the mercantile business on the southwesf corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street, and continued

William Montgomery came in 1806. Daniel and Allen McLain built a house for him, the first frame house built in Zanesville, but where located we cannot tell.

In the summer of this year came Samuel Chapman - from Marietta - induced by Benjamin Tupper, for whom he built a frame dwelling and store on Front street - the property now owned by Dr. Nye. This was the secondl frame house completed in Zanestown.

John Alter, Sr., arrived in 1806. He was a chair-maker, wheelwright and painter, and just the man to find a welcome in a new settlement ; whereupon a number of prominent citizens agreed to furnish him a comfortable house, with fuel and provisions free for one year, as an inducement to settle here. The offer was accepted, and he moved into a log house about where Main and First streets intersect on the north. In addition to chair-making, he also made spinning wheels ; this latter branch soon became so important that William Calhoun opened up on Seventh street in the same line. In 181 2 he joined the army. He left his business in charge of Peter Bowermaster, who afterwards took his place in the army and Mr. Alter returned to Zansville cured of his desire for military glory. He died in Zanesville, September 20, 1879.

During this year also came Thomas Wickham, carpenter, from Wheeling, with a sick wife and several children. He built in West Zanesville, from stone taken from the bed of the river, just below the present railroad bridge. He subsequently kept hotel on the site now the northwest cornei" of Main and Second streets. In 1817 he rebuilt a portion of the upper bridge that had fallen into the river. He subsequently purchased a farm near Irville and there built a distillery and made peach brandy for a living.

In 1806 came also Peter Roberts, wife, six sons and a daughter, all grown. They lived on the hill, near the old gi'ave yard^ and then removed to the corner of Eighth and Main. His son Nathan "followed the river."

During this year John L. Cochran, Jacob Houck and Frederick Houck came. Cochran, being a carpenter and a young man, easily found a footing ; and when he was found to be upright he was made Market Master, Collector of Taxes and a Councilman.

Jacob Houck was a stonemason and a bricklayer, and superintended the building of the "old 1809" court house. He was a portly man, and old citizens remember with . pleasure "his philosophic look, as he lighted his pipe by means of a sun glass." His family consisted of two daughters and three sons. Jacob Houck died in 1816.

Frederick Houck, his brother, was also a stonemason. In winter he turned his attention to the manufacture of gloves, breeches and vests of buckskin, and employed quite a number of his neighbor's daughters in making them.

In 1808 came William Launder, Samuel GofF, William Burnham and James Taylor. Launder built a two-story log house on the site now occupied bv Mr. E. S. Keene's handsome brick residence. Mr. Goff built a hewed log house, where we are not informed by Mr. Church ; he gave much attention to flower culture and gardening, and had the first hive of bees in Zanesville. Burnham settled in that part of this new settlement known as Springfield, and kept "Burnham's Tavern" until 181 1, when he removed to a frame building on the northwest corner of Main and Second streets, owned by General Isaac Van Home, and opened tavern with the sign of "The Golden Ram" ; i-emained there until 1813, when he removed to the southeast corner of Main and Fourth streets into "the old Harvey Tavern." He died in the autumn of 1820, leaving a large family, and was buried \Vith Masonic honors from the residence of Seth Adams, on Second street.

During 1808 also John Alter, Sr., erected a two-story log house upon a lot purchased from Dr. Robert Mitchell for one dozen cane-seated chairs, valued at seventy-five dollars. An old settler remarked that "chairs were chairs in those days." John Alter, Jr., was born in this house before the doors and windows were put in.

In 1809 came Alexander McLaughlin, from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and built a brick house on the northeast corner of Sixth and Market streets, at the time the finest residence in all this region. In 181 2 he sold this property to General Isaac Van Home, hence its name. In 1819 he removed to Chillicothe, and after a few years returned and had much to do with getting the Capital removed from Zanesville to its present location. He once owned the land on which it is situated. His family consisted of two sons and two daughters.

James Hampson, of Berkeley county, Virginia, being awarded the contract for building the "old 1809" court house, brought a small force with him, arriving the loth of April, 1809, his family following in June, and they became permanent citizens. Mr. Hampson was subsequently Collector of United States Revenue for the Zanesville District. In 1818 he was elected to the Legislature, in 1819 was Sheriff, and in 1825 again a member of tlie Legislature. His family consisted of his wife Sarah, born in Berkeley county, Virginia, and six children. He died m Zanesville, March 26, 1843.

John S. Parkinson came in 1810, and moved his family into a log house on the northeast corner of Fountain alley and Third street. During the war of 18 12 he began transporting commissary stores, and finally entered the army. At the close of the war Captain Parkinson bought a farm about two miles southeast of the city. In 1820 he made brick for the Northup warehouse ; in 1828 he was one of the Ohio Canal contractors, and, subsequently, for many years a Justice of the Peace in Wayne township. He died in 187 1.

Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, that all that part of the town of Zanes.ville, in the county of Muskingum, included in the original plat thereoi, now on record in the county of Washington, together with all the additional lots since added thereto on the east side of the river Muskingum, and now on record in the county of Muskingum, be, and the same is hereby erected into a town corporate, and shall henceforth be known and distinguished by the name of the "Borough of Zanesville," subject, however, to such alterations and regulations as the Legislature may from time to. time think proper to make."

The remaining twelve sections of this act provide for the election of officers ; the judges of election to be elected viva voce ; the oath and manner of conducting the election ; the corporation may sue and be sued ;rmay have a common seal ; the trustees may fill vacancies and make by-Laws. ; provided, no laws shall ever be made by them subjecting cattle or hogs not belonging to the inhabitants of said Borough to be taken up and sold for coming within the bounds of said corporation. The Trustees were authorized to lay a tax, provided the "tax so laid in any one year shall not exceed one half per cent, on the value thereof," and provides that the Town Marshall shall be the collector, and pay over to the Treasurer all sums of money levied for the use of said Borough, within three months from the time of receiving the duplicate thereof, and the Treasurer's receipt shall be his voucher upon settlement with the Mayor, Recorder and Trustees ; the manner of collecting tax ; the Marshall and Treasurer's bond : appeal allowed to court ; the regulation of imprisonment. This act was signed by John Pollock, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Othniel Looker, Speaker of the Senate, and bears date January 21, 1814. Januarj)- 16, 1S18, an act was passed d,efining the limits of Zanesville. This description will be found in the record entitled "the Town Plat of Zanesville and the siibsequent additions thereto and subdivisions of lots."

At the earnest solicitation of some old settlers, we give the following list of the boys and girls of 1820 and 1821, revised by L. P. Bailey:

The Girls. - Harriet, Sophia and Augusta Convers, Amelia Mclntire, Caroline Calhoun, Lizzie and Marian Mart, Ann and Susan Sullivan, Harriet Hampson, - Wilson, Elizabeth and Ann Shepherd, Harriet and Ann Walpole, Harriet Wesley, Rosanna Perry, Mary Pelham, Matilda Strayer, Sarah Ann Waglum, Ellen Worden, Theresa Carhar.t, Kesiah Dillon, Eliza Price, Betsy Doster, Lavinia Hahn, Mary Hahn, Sarah, Eliza and Charlotte Spangler, "Kitty" Helton, Eliza Peters, Margaret and Mary Ann Thompson, Catharine and Elizabeth Harkins, Eliza Culbertson, Frances Strickland, Sarah and Patience Van Horn, Maria and Ann Chambei-s, Jane and Mary Flood, Caroline Reeve, Mary and Minerva Herrick, Melvina Mitchell, Louisa and Matilda Moorehead, Lucinda Molsberry, Louisa and Deborah Silliman, Emily Cummings, Jane Putnam, Lucy Reed, Lucy Bell, Eliza Dare, Melissa, Abigail and Sarah Mathews, Amanda and Eliza Buckingham,

The foregoing recitals concerning the early settlers of Zanesville have been gleaned from notes resulting from repeated interviews with them or their descendants, by Mr. E. H. Church, and however barren they may seem to those who have no memories awakened by them, it is but simple justice to say that they are a noble monument to the painstaking and adherence to truth that characterized Mr. Church. And as the years go by, and history again repeats itself, whoever will undertake a similar task will at least fed constrained to join in this tribute to his There are those now living, possibly, who will take these texts and from them utter sermons of instruction, but it was not the good fortune of Mr. Church or the writer of these pages to disco-i^er Jhem. We hear them saying :

" We are gathered here together in the light of happy years, To relume our lives with the memories of the hardy pioneers ; We, the children they have nurtured ; we, the children they have blest, In the valley, by the river, where their holy ashes rest; In the valley their afflictions and their blood have sanctified ; By the river, golden-storied with their worth and virtues

These were the foundation stones of which "the City of Natural Advantages" may well be proud. That they each bore an important part in the fabrication of the present high state of prosperity, and the social ties, termed good society, will more fully appear as we trace their evolutions. For covenience in this exhibit, we have arranged the industries in alphabetic order.

Bakeries. - The first to meet the demand for bread in this region were Mre. Samuel Parker, Mrs. Christian Spangler, and Mrs. Hillier, in 1807. They baked bread and cakes in "dutch ovens," and sold the bread at a "fip" {6i cts.) per pound, and cakes at a "bit" (12^ cts.) per dozen. The following year one L. Hatman opened a "bake- shop" on the site now occupied by Blocksom's drug store. Lewis Verden bought Hatman out and added the manufacture of candy , and after some years sold out to Smith & Nefley, who in turn sold to Henry Willey. Such were the beginnings of this business in Zanesville.

Book-Binders. - In 1816 J. Skinner & Co. started the first book-bindery. In 18 17 they sold the establishment to A. S. Pennington & Co., who sold it back to J. Skinner & Co. in 1819.

Previous to 1822, the proprietors of the "Muskingum Messenger" inaugurated a bindery. May 22d, . 1822, the business passed into the hands of Ezekiel T. Cox & Co.

Sullivan & Parsons' Book-Bindery was established in 1865, by Captain Hugh Dunn, a practical book-binder, who began in a small, brick building that occupied a part of the ground now the sight of the Court House, fronting nearly opposite the Atheneum as now situated. This building was afterwards enlarged to two stories, and known as "14 North Fourth street." He subsequently added a "job office," and soon gained a liberal patronage, printing letter-heads, bill-heads, and statements, chiefly. In 1869 Mr. E. R. Sullivan was admitted to partnership, and the establishment was conducted by Dunn & Sullivan. In 1870 Mr. Dunn retired and was succeeded by Henry Brown, and the business was done by Sullivan & Brown. The establishment had to vacate their old stand in 1873, to make room for the new Court House, and they then occupied No. 87 Star Block. The working department was divided and under special management from 1869 to 1874 - ^^^ book-bindery under management of Mr. H. H. Barker and the job printing under Mr. Hiram Mercer, both skilled workmen.

the "Courier" office. In October they moved into Maginnis Block, and purchased the frame buildin the rear formei'ly occupied by F. Abel, which is occupied with engine, presses, etc.

In 1876 the bindery passed under the control of Robert Campbell, a skilled workman, and the job printing under the management of Henry Parsons, with Mr. Sullivan as manager of the general business, including the "Times" printing establishment, with which it is connected.

Sandel's Bindery, and Book and Job Printing Establishment. - L. D. Sandel started his job printing office at No. 101 Main street in 1870, and moved to his present location, No. I'ji North Fourth street, in June, 1876, having purchased the property ; and soon after he purchased the machinery and tools for a first-class bindery - a Hickock ruling machine, pageing machine, table shears, two presses, and improved tools.

The printing press is run by a Baxter engine, and the job office is supplied with full fonts of modern type, borders, cuts, and fancy ornaments. The force employed averages six persons, including the proprietor. His work has been for parties in adjoining counties and out of the State, as well as for generous patrons at home.

The Courier Book-Bindery was established April 1st, 1880. It is fitted up with the latest improved machinery for manufacturing all kinds of blank books, binding magazines, journals, etc., and is superintended by J. D. Rea, formerly of Dayton, Ohio, one of the most competent book-binders in the State. This establishment is located in a part of the "Courier" office. No. 32 Opera Block, and was inaugurated by the enterprising managers of the "Courier" Newspaper and Job Printing House, now too well known to need commendation.

Brewers. - The first brewery in Zanesville was by a Philadelphian, whose name has not found a record or lodgment in anybody's memory, but was purchased by one George Painter in 1807. It was located on the site now the northwest corner of South and Fifth streets. Painter continued to brew thereuntil 1811, when he sold to Jacob Young, who continued the business until 1815, when he abandoned the business. In 1813, about the 17th of November, William Marshall opened a brewery in a frame building on the site occupied by Power House, No. 3. James Boyd was his brewer, and made about thirty barrels per week. In 181 5 Barton & Mc- Gowan bought the concern and turned it into a distillery. In 1816 Joseph Lattimore built a brewery on the site occupied now by Miller & Company, pork packers. Caleb Johnson was the brewer. In 1829 Ballentine & Son bought the property and continued the business until 1835, when the concern was converted into a flour mill. In 1835 C. F. Hass built what was known as the American House Brewery, and operated it until 1841 . At the death of Mr. Hass, about 1850, John Classman bought the property and continued the business three years ; it was then sold to WilHam Fox. In 1843 Christian F.

In 1854 Rev. George F. Goebel and Conrad Fischer built a small brewery on the northeast corner of Spring and High streets. They brewed about two hundred and fifty barrels annually. In 1856 Mr. Fischer withdrew and Goebel sold the property to Kirsner & Horn, who continued it until 1865, when the property was sold to John A. Bremer & Co.

In 1855 Edward Didas began to brew in a small way. In 1856 Conrad Fischer went into the business again. In 1874 the firm of Fischer Brothers made 2,373 barrels of beer. In i860 Sebastian Bohn began brewing ; in 1879 ^^ ^'^^'^ 117 barrels of beer. In 1865 the partnership 01 Horn & Co. - consisting of Adolph Horn, Frank Kirsner, Adolph and Edward Merkle - was formed, and in 1869 the Merkle brothers bought out their partners and have since done business under the name of Merkle Brothers, and in 1876 they brewed 3,407 barrels of beer.

Bridges. - An act of the Legislature, session of 181 2, authorized Levi Whipple and others to erect a toll bridge over the Muskingum river, and provided for the location, which was about the same as the present Putnam bridge. The charter was for ninety-nine years. Mr. Whipple associated with him Ebenezer Buckingham, Benjamin Tupper and. Dr. Increase Mathews, and at once began to construct the bridge, which was completed in 18 13. This was not a covered bridge, and the piers, though the same that now support the Putnam bridge, were not carried up to their present height by eight feet. In the lapse of four or five years the superstructure fell down, and it was rebuilt about i8i8ori8i9by "Father Goshen," on his own plan. May 27th, 1845, at night, this bridge was burned. The loss was estimated at about fifteen thousand dollars. The work of rebuilding was commenced immediately. Mr. C.,P. Buckingham (now of Chicago)' informs us that he had the piers finished as they now are, and the superstructure built on the same general plan as the upper bridge. The Main street bridge was built soon after the Putnam bridge. Jacob Houck built the stone pier under the forks, which was completed in 18 13. The woodwork was finished in 1814. Samuel Parker was toll-keeper until a portion of the east end of the bridge fell into the river in 1818. Mr. C. P. Buckingham informs us that it was the crumbling of one of the piers on which the new superstructure rested temporarily until the "new pier close to it could be built up and take the load," that caused the bridge to fall. Mr. E. H. Church furnished the following on this subject: "August 21, 1832, a great freshet had drawn a large number of people to the bridge, apprehending danger of its being carried away ; and, strange to relate, with this danger staring them in the face, many were on the bridge, when suddenly about three hundred feet of the east end of the bridge fell into the swollen torrent ; among those who went down into the angry tide were Ebenezer Buckingham and Jacob Boyd. Mr. Buckingham's body was recovered a few days after, about four miles below the city, by a Mr. Bliss, who received the reward of five hundred dollars offered by the family. It is not known whether Mr. Boyd's body was recovered or not. The bridge was repaired soon after, and th^ bridges were subsequently made free bridges through the agency of Edward Ball and others.

The Fifth street bridge was built by the Smith Bridge Co., Toledo, O., in 1878 ; the stone work was done by Thomas B. Townsend. The total cost was twenty-one thousand dollars.

Burying Cases. - As late as 1802 these were made of bark, peeled from trees of the proper size to inclose the body ; were lined with leaves and dry grass and bound together with withes or sometimes with cords.

In 1802 the first coffin was made of boards ; it was for Dr. Increase Mathews' first wife ; the second was made soon after for "Gracy," daughter of Andrew Crooks. They were made by Richard McBride. The first hearse seen - here was owned by John P. Stevens and Henry Mussellman - it was without trimming or lining.

In 1837 the first regular undertaker, Louis Brenholtz, offered his services. He had a fine hearse built by William Shultz. The first readymade coffins were kept by James Cherry, of Putnam.

The "King of Terrors" has since made his havoc more general, and mankind, becoming more familiar with the inevitable, have demanded that the habiliments for the dead be kept in readiness. To say that this demand has been met in all its requirements is to repeat a familiar story ; and to attempt a description of these things would be as futile as to detail the minutige of the fashions - for fashion has entered this arena with its inexorable laws.

In 1867 Edmund N. Hatcher commenced undertaking, and in 1873 took his son into partnership, and soon after joined John H. Crooks in the manufacture of coffins ; they were also dealers in undertakers' supplies. This partnership was dissolved January ist, 1877, and the parties severally went into business for themselves. In 1878 Mr. E. N. Hatcher became the author and publisher of the "Funeral Guide," a very useful work, "giving the minutest detail of the whole funeral obsequies."

In 1869 Jonathan Hatcher, I. G. Hatcher and Jesse F. Hather, under the firm name of Jonathan Hatcher & Sons, erected the frame building now occupied by them. [A part of this building was built by S. S. Mann & Jacob Smith about 1854.] Here they commenced the first coffin manufactory in Zanesville. The material, chiefly poplar and black walnut, was purchased in W. Virginia, and the pine from the pineries of the North. This firm continued until 1872, when it was changed to J. Hatcher «& Co., and in 1879 was changed and incorporated as a stock company, called the Zanesville Coffin Company, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, and the following officers :,

President, Jonathan Hatcher ; Secretary and Treasurer, Jesse F. Hatcher. Board of Directors : Jonathan Hatcher, I. G. Hatcher, and Jesse F. Hatcher. They use water power furnished by the Improved Muskingum Water Power System. They require one traveling agent, and the amount of goods sold annually has reached fifty thousand dollars. Seven thousand coffins, besides robes, are manufactured yearly. Their office is at 108 Main street.

In 1 87 1 Henry Sneerer began undertaking in the Maginnis Block (North Fifth street), and in 1873 sold out to John H. Crooks, who continued the business at that place until April, 1879, when he removed to 38 North Fifth street and continues the business, supplying and manufacturing.

Carpenters. - A Mr. Lewis and a Mr. Smith arrived in Zanestown May 10, 1801, and were employed by John Mclntire at carpentering. In the spring o"f 1805 John Van Home, in company with his uncle, Isaac VanHorne (the General), arrived, and soon after John began working at his trade. He built a hewed log house on Pine street, in the Seventh Ward, which was subsequently weather-boarded and painted white, a new occurrence for those days, as it was thereafter known as " the White House . ' ' During this year also Wm. Craig was engaged at carpentering. In 1806 he was elected Justice of the Peace. He built a hewed log house for himself on the northwest corner of Market and Fourth streets. He was associated with Thomas Morehead in building the first M. E. Church in 1813. During 1805 J. Marpole, of Bucks county. Pa., came to Zanestown, but abandoned his trade for politics. Noyce Stone came soon alter, and he, too, "went into politics."

Daniel and Allen McLain came May 2d, 1806; "their first work was on Wm. Montgomery's tavern," the first frame house built in Zanestown. They also did the wood work on a brick house built in Zanestown. They also did the wood work on a brick house built the same year for Monroe and Convers on the southeast corner of Main and Fifth streets. This was the first brick house built in Zanestown.

Samuel Chapman came in the summer of this year and built a frame house for Benjamin Tupper. This is thought to have been the second frame building erected in Zanestown.

Richard Brookover worked at his trade during this year. His family lived with Wm. Langley, in a cabin which stood in Fountain alley in . the rear of the Courier office as now located. Here his daughter, Increase, was born.

June 8th, 1808, Gilbert Blue and his young bride arrived from Pittsburg, Pa. In 1820 he erected a frame dwelling for Rev. David Young, on the southwest corner of Second and Main sti-eets. In 1824 he built a three-story frame for a hotel for Fulton & Parker on the site now oc-

Joseph Hocking came in 1808 ; during the winter of 1809-10 he surperintended the carpenter work on the residence of Alexander M. Laughlin, corner of Sixth and Market streets.

Captain James Hampson was in Zanestown in 1801, but did not locate here until June, 1809, when he became one of the contractors for the erection of the State House. He was subsequentl}' well known as a contractor.

James Millis came in 1820 ; his first work was on the Northrup warehouse at' the foot of Filth street. In 1822 he built for himself a two-story brick dwelling on the southeast corner of Sixth and Marietta streets. In 1828-9 he built the first brick M. E. Church (Rev. Nathan Emory, pastor), and did the carpenter woi-k on the second M. E. Church in 1842- Mr. Millis was ninety-five years old January 30, 1880, and occupied the house No. 96 South Sixth street, built by him in 1822.

Carpet Weavers. - The first person to engage in carpet weaving, in 1812, had a room on" the northeast corner of Fourth and Spruce streets. In 1818 James Covington was doing carpet weaving one and a half miles west of Putnam.

In 1818 Moses Dillon built woolen mills at the mouth of the Licking river and put in a patent loom for making all wool ingrain carpets and coverlets. The style of those goods was known as the "Rose and Thistle" pattern. One of those carpets was presented as a wedding gift to Mrs. Dr. Washington Morehead, March 21st, 1830, and seems to have been a very notable event, as mention is made of it in several places in old chronicles.

Ci-ocK Makers. - Richard and George Reeve, Sr., were engaged in this and the jewelry business as early as 1809. Their place of business was on Third street near the site now occupied by Jones & Abbott's foundry. They made the old time tall case clock, to stand on the floor - one for Dr. Increase Mathews, one for John Mclntire, and one for L. P. Bailey. The latter is in good preservation and bids fair to last a century. About 1815 the firm removed to what is now No. 92 Main street, and were subsequently succeeded by Harry S afford and Charles Dickinson. During this year Francis Cleveland and John Bliss were in the business on Main street opposite the court house. Mr. Charles Hill was in their employ and subsequently formed a partnership with Mr. A. C. Ross in the jewelry and watch making business. They were, also, superior copper plate engravers, and made many of the "shin-plaster" plates.

Cotton Factory. - In 1829 Jeremiah Dare built a machine shop in the upper story of his woolen factory, having sent to Baltimore, - Maryland, for skilled workmen - Elias Ebert, Benjamin J. Wood, George and constructed the machinery for a cotton factory which was built,in the building now used by Duval & Co., northeast corner of Third and Market streets. Mr. Dare and his son John D. Dare operated this mill until 1832, when they turned the lower story into a machine shop, where they made cotton and wool manufacturing machinery. They made cotton yarn and batting. Cotton yarn was legal tender hereabouts in those days. Their store was in a one-story frame building that stood on the northwest corner of Third and Main streets, the site now occupied by Joseph Crosby's grocery store. During the month of December, 1846, a subscription was taken among the business men for the purpose of establishing a cotton mill on a larger scale, and a company known as the Zanesville Cotton Mill was inaugurated with the following stockholders :

John A. Adams, George A. Jones, Wm. GaHgher, Nathan Gattrell, Stephen R. Hosmer, Adam Peters, James L. Cox, Samuel Cox, E. E. Filmore, David H. Lyman, J. V. Cushing and Daniel Convers, subscribing, together, fourteen thousand dollars, and Richard HufF subscribing seven thousand dollars ; a total of twenty-one thousand dollars.

The company organized by electing the following officers : President, John A. Adams ; Secretary, David H. Lyman ; General Superintendent, Richard HufF.

Yarns, pounds of, 6,409 : batting, pounds of, 2,115 ; made on 500 spindles. Mr. Huft^ informs us that he could start the cotton at the picker and in three hours have it ready for sale.

In 1854 Mr. Galigher built a large cotton mill on the southwest corner of Underwood and Zane streets, and manufactured sheeting, batting and yarns, continuing in the business until his death, February 17, i860. The mill was subsequently sold to Mr. E. Mathews. The machinery was purchased by Richard Hufl", a skilled workman, and superintendent of the Zanesville Cotton Mill. Mr. N. White superintended for Mr. Galigher, and was well skilled in the business.

The date of sale of the Zanesville Cotton Mill does not appear from the records at our service, but under the subsequent management it appears that " the purchasers met at the office of George James, in June, 1855, and George James acted as chairman, and William Taylor as secretary." " The capital stock, for the present, is fixed at the same, twenty thousand dollars, to be divided into shares of five hundred dollars each ; each stockholder to be allowed

Store Of L. Wiles &

In 1837 Lawson Wiles, the present senior member of the house, settled at Zanesville. He was born in Frederick county, Maryland, July 3, 1814. During the spring of 1815 the family removed to Springfield township, Muskingum county. Here were passed the days of boyhood and youth, receiving the benefits of a practical education. In his -seventeenth year he began life as a teacher in one of the subscription schools. From 1831 to 1837 during the winter season he officiated as a teacher, and in the summer profitably eajployed his time upon a farm. In 1837 Mr. Wiles made a purchase of a small stock of groceries, and began in business in what is now the Ninth ward. This store was located on the Main street at that time, and a removal was subsequently made to a larger store, opposite the old Market House, on the corner of Putnam avenue and Madison street. The business grew steadily from that time until the present. 8. L. and C. C. Wiles, who were educated to business pursuits from their earliest years, were admitted to partnership in 1870. The new firm, abandoning their old business quarters in Putnam street, moved to what is commonly termed Zanesville, and embarked in an exclusive wholesale and retail dry goods trade at No. 93 Main street, where a. prosperous trade was transacted up to 1871. That year they occupied the old building on the present site of the new brick. This structure was completed in 1876. It is three stories in height, one hundred and eight feet deep, and twenty feet wide. It is undeniably the best adapted for the purpose for which it is intended of any similar establishment in the city. All goods are purchased at a low figure, imported and otherwise, principally for cash, and purchasers are assured of low prices and reliable goods.

In 1839 W. M. Shinnick, the senior member of the firm of Shinnick & Sullivan, first settled in Zanesville. For a period of years he was engaged in the manufacture of rope, in connection with his brother, who had previously moved to the town. In 1848 he embarked in the stove and house-furnishing trade, in which he has since remained. To Mr. Shinnick is due the credit of Zanesville having one of the largest stove foundries in the State. It was projected in 1865 and completed in 1869, at an estimated cost of $75,000. This is to-day, and has been from the start, one of the soundest institutions of the West. In 1880 John C. Sullivan was admitted to partnership in the stove and house-furnishing department of Mr. Shinnick's extensive business. In March of 1882, the firm began the erection of a new building, where ample storage capacity could be secured, due to the vast proportions their trade was assuming. The Shinnick Block was completed at the close of the summer of 1882, and is one of the finest business blocks in the city. It was erected at a large cost; is three stories in height, with a front of seventy-five feet, and is ninety-five feet in depth. The store was opened to the public September 5th, 1882. The third floor IS intended for a public hall. It is well ventilated, well lighted, contains twenty-five large windows, and is one of the public halls in the city. It was leased by the Knights of Labor, prior to the erection of the building, and is elegantly furnished. Mr. Shinnick is Vice President of the First National Bank. He also holds a prominent position in the Masonic fraternity.

The Star Cotton Mii-ls Company gave a deed of trust to W. A. Graham and C. W . Potwin, which was foreclosed and the property sold to Hoover and Allison, the present proprietors, February 27, 1879. R. A. Kelly, general manager, and General Artemus Schofield superintendent. The cotton is shipped from Memphis and Nashville, Tenn., and other choice markets in the South. The appliances for preparing the cotton for working into the products of the mill are among the best ; the mill contains eighteen cards and two thousand spindles. The products of the mills are 50D pounds carpet woof, 300 pounds of rope, in various sizes, 250 pounds seamless bags and 400 pounds wrapping twine, per day ; and the firm employ seventy-five hands ; the monthly pay-roll is about $ i .400. This industry has had many a struggle since its inception, but, judging from the business now done, success is crowning the enterprise. It is among the most important of the many manufacturing establishments in Zanesville.

Dams. - About 1810, Isaac Zane, son of Jonathan Zane, yielding to the advice of his father, built the first dam at Zanesville. The tradition is that the elder Zane promised his son a half interest in the dam if he would build it. To complete the work, Isaac had to borrow two thousand dollars, to secure which he mortgaged a thirty acre tract of land, owned by him. When the dam was completed, the old gentleman came over from Wheeling, on horseback, and sold the dam to Moses Dillon and Sons, put the money into his saddle-bags and returned to Wheeling, leaving his son two thousand dollars in debt! and no interest in the dam. The effect of this act, if the story is true, was to build another damn, in the minds of those who sympathized with young Zane. The former was called " the Licking Dam," and the latter was prefixed with an invocation to Deity.

"Charter granted John Mclntire and his associates, to erect a dam above the Licking, at a point nearly opposite Market street. "The said dam to commence at an abutment made in the river, two chains from the east bank of said river, in circular form, to an abutment on the west bank of said river. The said dam not to exceed a level of five feet at the abutment in the rjygr ; and build a slope of thirty feet wide, one .inch fall to every foot in length. The said John Mclntire and associates shall, at all times, keep the slope in good repair for the passage of rafts. From the abutment in the river, near the eastern bank, he shall erect a wing dam, parallel with the bank of the river, the wing dam to extend from the abutment to a point of rocks opposite to the terminus of an alley, which passes by the house of said Mclntire (Fountain alley) ; the said John Mclntire and associates shall construct good and sufficient locks for boats ascending and descending the river ; the locks to be not less than twenty-five feet wide, and not less than ninety feet long ; to keep said locks in good repair, and keep a person to lock the crafts through, without delay, and free of expense to the owners of the crafts. John Mclntire and associates to be granted the permission to cut the canal one chain and fifty links, below the lower ( Putnam )bridge ; the water to pass into the river through locks built of good cut sandstone, twenty-five feet wide and ninety feet long ; to be granted the privilege of collecting toll at these locks when constructed, at the rate of twentyfive cents per ton for every boat or water craft ; crafts with a capacity of less than a ton, six cents for every hundred weight ; every empty porogue, or canoe, twenty-five cents. John Mclntire and associates to pay all expenses tor keeping the locks in repair ; the dam and canal to be completed within six j-ears after the passage of this act.

In 1815, Valentine Best paid a tax of $566.79 for manufacturing whisky. Spencer Lahew paid a tax of $159.20 ; Joseph Sheets paid a tax of $550.40 ; and John Sidell paid a tax of $332.27. The location of the latter two is unknown.

Express Companies. - The first business of this kind, in Zanesville, was the "Pony Express," inaugurated by the Postoffice Department at Washington, D. C, in 1836, to carry important mail and other light matter. This ex- .press passed through this city to Columbus, and made the trip between the two places in five hours. The distance was estimated at fifty-four miles. Mr. A. B. Dumm was one of the express riders from Zanesville to Columbus. During this year, D.Tallmadge started and ran "mail stage lines between Zanesville (Ohio) and Maysville (Kentucky). The Bainbridge and Cincinnati, Lancaster and Columbus Pilot line, of fourhorse post coaches, leaves Zanesville every morning at 8 o'clock, running through Lancaster, Chillicothe and Bainbridge, to Maysville,

(Kentucky), connecting at Bainbridge with this line to Cincinnati, through Maysville in 36 hours, or to Cincinnati in 48 hours. For seats in Zanesville, apply at the office of Neil, Moore & Co.'s General Stage Office, National House."

stage line over the National road, between Wheeling and Zanesville ; and during this year they began a regular express business, in connection with Cass & Co.'s Ohio River Express. Henry Orundorf was the first Zanesville agent. He had his office in the old stage tavern. This express business fell into the hands of the Adams Express Company, in July, 1854. '^^^ present officer and assistants of this company, are : Thomas Brown, agent; Thomas Scott, bill clerk, and John Scott, driver. Office, 15 North Fourth street. The American 'Expregs Company opened their office April ist, 1852. A. C. Ross, then a jeweler, acted as their first agent, at a salary of fifty dollars per annum.

The B. & O. Express Company opened their office in Zanesville, September 12th, 1871. Their present officers are : J. C. Gerwick, agent ; Frank Schultz, clerk. Office, Main street, next to Deposit Bank.

Founders and Machinists. - In 1819, Thos. L. Pierce started a foundry on the site now owned by Jacob Smith & Co. In 1827, Richmond and Robert Bostwick purchased the business. In 1832, John A. Adams and Benjamin Wheeler became their successors. In 1839, *^hey built on the site now occupied by Jones & Abbott, and continued the business until 1848, when the firm changed to Gilbert & Wheeler, who continued the business until 1863, when Sullivan & Herdman became proprietors. In 1866, Charles H. Jones was admitted to the firm, and in 1871 Charles H. Abbott became a partner, and the firm name was changed to Jones & Abbott, who continue the business on an extensive scale.

In 1826, William Blocksom and John T. Fracker built a foundry in Fountain alley, between Sixth and Seventh streets, where they conducted a general foundry business until the fall of 1833, when Mr. Fracker withdrew, and was succeeded by George Wand, A. P. Blocksom, (son of William Blocksom), and Henry Blandy, who did business under the name of Blocksom, Blandy & Co., and soon after leased the Dillon's Falls Furnace and Forge, for two years, when they did business under the name of Dillon, Blandy & Co., and in 1835 this firm dissolved. In 1838, Henry Blandy, William Blocksom, aud his sons, G. W. and A. P. formed a partnership, and operated under the name of Blocksom, Blandy & Co., and continued the business until 1840, when Mr. Blandy withdrew and formed the firm of H. and F. Blandy, who prepared for a large business, and in 1866 employed three hundred and twenty men, and did business amounting to seven hundred and eighty thousand dollars. Their business has been constantly increasing and is now very large.

In 1830, John D. Dare andElias Ebert began to do business, under the name of Dare & Ebei't, and built the first steam engine made in Zanesville. In 1832, this firm became Dare, Whitaker & Co., and continued the business until 1837, when Ebert and Whitaker withdrew and built a new shop, on the corner of Sixth and Main streets, where they operated until 1840, and the'n built the shops now occupied by Griffith & Wedge, on South Fifth street. This establishment passed into the hands of Griffith & Wedge about 1856, and they continue to do business there, with very greatly enlarged buildings and facilities.

In 1839, John T. Fracker and his son, John T., built a small foundry, on the southwest corner pf Locust alley and Sixth street, where they made small castings, chiefly. In 1850 this firm changed to John T. Fracker & Bro., and in 1852 to John T. Fracker, Jr., who continued the business until 1870.