Summit County, Ohio - Chapter 4, 1881 (part 2 of 3)

of the Gospel by a tax on the land, which should be tantamount to a mortgage on the property. * * * Mr. Bacon had previously purchased from Tallmadge & Starr 12,000 acres of land at $1.50 per acre * * * This purchase gave him a controlling interest in the township. In all subsequent sales by him, he inserted a clause in the contract charging every one hundred acres of land sold, with a tax of $2 a year for the support of the Gospel - and none but believers in the Saybrook platform could have any land at any price, or on any condition except that of joining the church." each other like one great family. But the world was not old enough nor ripe enough for so grand and glorious a scheme, and hence Mr. Bacon was doomed to a bitter disappointment. Other individuals and companies holding lands, sold them "unincumbered by restrictions as to religious beliefs," and free of any tax for church or Gospel purposes. The liberality and freedom of these titles, compared to the entailed incumbrance of the Bacon system, soon broke up the latter and the "theory of an exclusive religious community failed." Members who, of their own free-will and accord, were willing to contribute to the support of the Gospel, protested against being driven into support of it, whether they were willing or not, and, as a natural consequence, a spirit of bitterness was engendered in the church " which brought forth anything but holiness." The feeling against Mr. Bacon became so strong that he was finally forced to resign his charge. This he did in the spring of 1812; also, "gave up his land contract and abandoned his Utopian scheme." He was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Woodruff, who, it seems, did not continue in the high esteem of the church for any length of time. His resignation was earnestly sought, and, when tendered, was eagerly accepted. The history of this church will be given more fullyin another chapter.

A log meeting house was erected in Tallmadge in 1814, and in 1817 an edifice for church purposes was built in Hudson. Elder Newcomb was an early divine of Copley Township, and preached the first sermon in that division of the county. The first society organized there. however, was by Mr. Pettitt, a Congregational minister, in 1832. Religious meetings were held in Twinsburg in 1820. A Congregational Church was formed in that alae

_ the Gospel spread and churches were organized | as the county became peopled by the whites, | until now, side by side with the schoolhouse.

The cause of education received the early attention of the pioneers of Summit County, and among these Connecticut Yankees it found a congenial soil in which it flourished, and has brought forth fruit a hundred fold.

early settlement of this part of the State, there were a great many influences that worked against general education. Neighborhoods were thinly settled, money was scarce, and the people generally were poor. There were no schoolhouses, nor was there any public school fund to build schoolhouses, or even to pay teachers. All persons of either sex, who had physical strength enough to labor, were compelled to take their part in the work, the labor of the females being as heavy and important as that of the men; and this strain upon their industry continued for years. Another drawback to education was a lack of teachers and of books. Taking all these facts together, it is a great source of wonder that the pioneers had any schools at all. But the early settlers, who came principally from New England, the seat of learning and the birth-place of liberal education, deserve the highest honors for their prompt and energetic efforts in the establishment of schools. Just as soon as the settlements would at all justify, schools were opened at each one, and any vacant cabin, stable, barn or other outhouse was used as a temple of learning. The schools were paid for by subscription, at the rate of about 50 or 75 cents a month per scholar. Although the people of condemned it for passing a lawcompelling them | to support "pauper schools," and the poorer | classes. were loud in their condemnation, be- | cause the law made ~" pauper scholars" of their _ of amendments, provisions, etc., which none - were wholly able to explain or understand. | One district would act under one law, and an | adjoining district under altogether a different | the time of its adoption. to be the best and most perfect within the bounds of the Union. And from that day to the present, it has kept its place as the best and most liberal school law

: of any of the States. The early schoolhouses, as a general thing. ' were of the poorest kind. In towns, they were | in the country they were invariably of logs. ' Usually but one style of architecture was used ' in building them. They were erected. not from a regular fund or by subscription. but by labor _ given. The neighbors would gather together ' at some place previously agreed upon, and with ax in hand the work was soon done. Logs were cut from sixteen to eighteen feet in length. 'and of these the walls were raised. Broad - boards composed the roof. and a rude fire-place and clapboard door. a puncheon floor, and the - cracks filled with "chinks." and these daubed ' over with mud completed the schoolhouse. with - the exception of the windows and the furniture. _ These were as rude and as primitive as the house itself. The window was made by cutting out a log the full length of the building. and over the opening. in winter. paper, saturated with grease. served to admit the light. Just under this window. two or three stout pins were driven in the log in a slanting direction. on which a log puncheon was fastened. and this was the 'writing desk" of the whole school. For seats, they used benches made from small trees. cut in lengths of ten or twelve feet. split open. and in the round side two large holes were bored at each end, and in each a stout pin. fifteen inches. was driven. These pins formed the legs. and on rough and uneven floors, hardly ever more than three of these legs ' "touched bottom" at one and the same time. And the books! They were as promiscuous as the house and furniture were rude. The New ' Testament was the most popular reader. | "Introduction to the English Reader," " Sequel _ to the English Reader," and finally the reader itself, were in the collection of school-books ot | the time. The New England Primer was one | of the primary books. The higher spellers | were Dilworth's and then Webster's. Gram- | Maar was scarcely ever taught; when it was, the text-books used were Murray's and Kirkham's Grammars. But it is unnecessary to the present can scarcely form an idea of the limited capacity of educational facilities in this favored region fifty to seventy yearsago. There are doubtless, however. many still living in Summit County who, from personal experience. know something of pioneer schools and schoolhouses. The first school taught in Summit County was by George Pease, in the fall and winter of 1801. The house in which it was taught stood on the southwest corner of Lot 56. of Hudson Township. and "near the center of whut first school was taught in Norton Township bv Sarah Wyatt, in a little log cabin near Joln son's Corners. In 1809. a school was taugh: in Northampton by Justus Remington. and in Richfield a Mr. Farnum was the pioneer pedagogue. In the winter of 1812. Reuben Upson wielded the birch and ferule in Springfield Township in a little house that stood near Cass Camp-ground: Miss Lucy Foster performed the same office in Tallmadge Township in 1310. in a small log shanty that stood south of the center. Rachel Hammond. in 1811. taught the first school in Bath Township. in a house belonging to Aaron Miller. and Lois Ann Gear taught the first in Boston Township. in the summer of the same year; in 1817, Joseph Mishler taught the first school in Franklin

The county, in addition to its excellent system of common schools. has. at the present time, several colleges. academies and high schools in successful operation. These will be written up fully in the respective townships in which they are located. The educational history of each township will also be given, from the small beginnings already noticed. through its various changes and improvements. to its present perfect state.

Townships. primary, 144: high. 1...... 145 Separate districts, primary. 17: high. 7. 2+ Total.. ae Se 169 Total value of School Property - Townships, primary, $141,792: high, POOR eee foie ashame tein. braces 3 $147,792 Separate district, primary, $157,500 ; ICR Oe iso WeeD Veke ihm fine amen caer $196,300 Total.. ae . 3344.092 Number of diverent feschens ieiploved - Townships. primary, males, 125; females, 124; high, males, 2... 251 Separate districts, primary, males. 3 : females, 68 ; high, males, 7 ; females, WL Sette Fe ne Seis tera stone NG ee a 91 Total.. yg Acie the 342 Average wages paid Seance Townships, primary, males, per month, 335 primary, females, per month, 26 [hie ici hen coapemacude 62 hich; females? sees sans - 1st 00 Separate districts. primary, males. . 118 primary, females. . 40 high, males....... 90

No. of students in attendance at Buchtel College - Mules; 104sstemalesjoe.eeien ace 136 : No. of students in attendance at Western Reserve College - | Males. 93 sfemalesm6....0 46 ce aaetocs The following is from David Ellet, County Examiner. to the State Board of Education : "The schools of this county are slowly and ; steadily improving in efficiency and usefulness. They will compare favorably with those of the adjoining counties. Many of our teachers desire to know more of teaching as a profession, and, as a result of this, avail themselves largely of the opportunities furnished in this direction by our county institutes. Our schools need more good teachers - teachers better qualified by eduwork. They want more good school officers, greater sense of responsibility in all who are connected with the schools. In some localities an improved state of opinion is needed among those who patronize the schools, a more intelli- ' gent acquaintance with their present condition, and a more enlarged appreciation of their capabilities.' The above is sound doctrine, and should be weil considered by those who are concerned in the cause of education.

A few extracts from the annual report of Hon. J. J. Burns, State Commissioner of _ Schools. appear to us so appropriate in this | connection that we give place to them. He they leave school, thirsting for more knowledge, and possessing trained mental faculties so | that they may acquire it; the organ of these | faculties to be contained in a healthy body, | while mind and body are under the guidance , of correct moral principles? To avoid waste | of time and labor is to be able to better do | the work in hand, and to apply the savings to | something beyond. A search for wastage is a | highly practical thing, and economy here, a | moral duty. I have often asserted that there | is a wastage in having pupils spend time in | learning to spell hundreds - yes, thousands - of ! words which they never have occasion to use outside of the spelling-class, while probably the | dictionary, which should be in constant use, rests in pensive quietness on the teacher's ; desk, if, indeed, there is one in the room. The | meaning of words and their pronunciation are of farmore moment than their spelling. The best text-books from which to learn these are the reader and dictionary ; and the best proofs of progress are correct oral reading and written compositions. Is there anything better than a | common spelling-book exercise to cause pupils to think that we learn words for the sake of knowing how to spell them? that we are seek- | ing not kernels but shells? In penmanship, we want more drill in writing from dictation, in having the pupils put their thoughts or recollec- | tions upon paper rapidly and neatly. Copying | care and patience is a good exercise, but some better gymnastic is required to fit the writer for hours of real work. In one way and another, ' language rightly claims a large share of the at- | tention of the teacher. It is the grand characteristic which distinguishes man from the other | animals, the most direct product of his inner | consciousness.

"The child has begun the study of language | before his school life commences. Learning to | talk seems as natural as learning to laugh, or | ery,or play. But so much of knowledge and of | the world is hidden in books, that a key must be | found to unlock these treasures, and that key is | reading - the power to translate the written | word ; to recognize it as the graphic symbol of an idea before in possession, so that the ability to reverse the process will follow, and printed words become the source of ideas. As the pupil masters words and their meaning, he is getting into his possession the tools with which he may dig in books for further knowledge, thoughts, without which incarnation they are as little subject to control as the weird fancies of adream. The art of silent reading deserves more attention in school - practice in grasping possible time, and reproducing it with pen or tongue. But along with this, in its earlier stages, and a short time preceding it, is the oral reading exercise, wherein the reader must serve as eyes to the listeners. so that they may, through his voice, see the printed page. How much inspiration is there in this work when each listener has the page before his own eyes? The translation of a written sentence into a spoken sentence is much more than the mere translation, in their right order, of the words of the written sentence ; and to do this well requires. besides the names of the written characters. culture of voice, training of eye, quickening of emotion. To serve as a medium through which others may know the printed page, catching its To convince, to arouse, to subdue, greater than if the hearer had been his own interpreter. is high art indeed. We cannot, however, afford the time, even if that were the only obstacle. to train all our school children to be readers in this artistic sense. We must content ourselves with the more modest aim, and remember that. after all, the prime object of the reading exercise in school is not to train the youth to shine as elocutionists, or serve as a mirror for others. but to impart to them the ability to get knowl-

" Another language of great value is committing to memory - learning by heart well, phrases - choice selections, gems of thought and expression. culled from the best writings of the best writers. These should be judiciously selected, so as not to be too much beyond the easy comprehension of the pupil. They should, above all other requisites, be pure, healthful, inspiring. The teacher should add interest to the work by relating incidents in the life of the authors. We know with what tenacity the memory clings to the simple rhymes learned in childhood. If this work be continued as it should be, who can deny its lasting effects upon life? A refined taste and quickened intellect may be hoped for as the result of drinking in and assimilating beautiful thoughts in chaste, | musical language - words of warning or of ap- | proval, flashed by the memory upon the judg- | ment in the time of temptation, of resistance | thereto. * * * * + x * * *

-"Qne very good result of increased -ttention to literature in the schools is the marked in- | crease in the amount of wholesome reading - | history, biography, travels, poetry, popular science and the lessened demand for dime novels and other low fiction. Few questions are, in , but teachers may well look into the subject, | and see whether that time is spent to the best | advantage. The puplic regard arithmetic, par excellence. as the practical study. It is tthe | practical educator's strong tower, and we have . it taught in season and out. The nine digits | seem to have taken the place of the heathen ; gods, and their demand for offerings knows no Measured by any definition of the practical, as a means either to fit one directly for bread-getting in the common business of | life, or as a means of mental culture and disci- |

Instead of introducing, at an early stage, the | science of geometry, we fritter away valuable : time upon annuities and alligation. and pro- | gression ; and, as for interest, one would think that mankind in general made a living by shaving each other's notes. Children begin early to develop the idea of numbers. It concerns | matters of their daily life. The elemental steps | of writing and reading numbers, or the sym- | bols of numbers, naturally follow, and, usually, | are not difficult of acquirement. But there is , such a gap between the conditions needed for | the ready learning of these things, and the | more mature judgment and that knowledge of | gent solution of ordinarily difficult problems in discount and certain other branches of applied arithmetic. Back and forth across this stretch the boy's mind must swing like a pendulum, repelled by what it cannot comprehend, and by what it has grown tired of. He marks time, when he could so readily oblique into some other study and march forward. Then, by and by, if these advanced parts of arithmetical science are needed, their acquisition would be easy. Meanwhile, the child may give increased attention to literature and be learning interesting and profitable lessons about this world into which he has come, and in what he came, and how to take care of it. While these priceless practical lessons are in progress, one can fancy that the arithmetic itself would enjoy the rest. "Tn the time which can be saved, also a few | short steps could be 'taken in some other branches now much neglected. The reason for, and the practical mode of, doing many things | which are to be done in real life by the citizen, | the man of business, the manager of a house- | hold, might be taught in the schools. Some- - thing of the nature of the materials which we | eat, drink and wear, and economy in the buy- ° ing and using, would be excellent lessons. If | He is a benefactor of mankind who causes two | blades of grass to grow where one grew before, - the language does not furnish a name for him | or her who shall cause the laboring man to | know how to make $1 produce the good results - for which he must now expend two. No mat- . ter whether we regard the school as established - primarily for the good of the children, or for | the preservation of the State, we must admit | that the most valuable result of all education, is the building of good characters. This, to speak definitely, is to instill correct principles, - and train in right habits. Citizens with these 'constitute a State.' Men and women with these are in possession of what best assures , rational happiness, the end and aim of human , life." In his report of 1878, upon the subject of Compulsory Education - a subject which is now receiving considerable attention in many of the ; States - the State Commissioner says: "Con- | cerning the right of State or Government to ~ pass and carry into effect what is known as . Compulsory Laws, and require parents and | guardians, even against their will, to send their | much diversity of opinion. policy thereof, dependent upon so many known and unknown conditions, there is the widest diversity. I can write no history of the results of the act of March 20, 1877. for it does not seem to have any. A great good would be wrought if the wisdom of the General Assembly could devise some means which shall strengthen and supplement the powers of Boards of Edu- if only in cases where parents desire their children to attend school regularly, but parental authority is too weak to secure that end. The instances are not few in which parents would

"Whatever may be said of young children working in mills and factories, youthful idlers upon the streets of towns and cities should be gathered up by somebody and compelled to do something. If they learn nothing else. there will at least be this salutary lesson, that society is stronger than they, and without injuring them. will use its strength to protect itself. While we are establishing reform schools for those who have started in the way to their own ruin, and have donned the uniform of the enemies of civil of the copious flow of local literature - polite, political, miscellaneous and otherwise - with which the people of the territory now embraced in Summit County, have been blessed during the past sixty years. In August, 1825, Mr. Laurin Dewey, a young printer from Ravenna, afterward well-known as a prominent Whig politician in Northern Ohio, issued a prospectus for & paper to be published in the village of Middlebury, now the Sixth Ward of Akron, to be called | the Ohio Canal Advocate. To aid him in this enterprise, a subscription paper was circulated among the people of Middlebury, of which the following is a copy:

"We, the subscribers, being anxious for the prosperity of this section of the country, and the dissemination of useful information generally, do severally agree to pay the sums set op- purchasing a printing press, types, etc., and for erecting a printing establishment in the village of Middlebury, under the direction of Mr. Laurin Dewey. who will edit and publish a weekly paper, devoted to the general interests of the country, advertising, etc., the columns to be enriched by foreign and domestic news. religious intelligence, poetry. etc.; the sums so by us paid to be considered in the nature of a loan, to be repaid whenever the editor shall consider himself able to do so."

The names of the signers of this document, with their several contributions to the purchasing fund. are as follows: Charles Sumner. 319 ; Erastus Torrey. $10: Henry Chittenden, 35. Nathan Gillett. Jr., $5; Rufus Hart. $3: Edward Sumner, $10: Samuel Newton. 310, Charles W. Brown. 35; Benajah A. Allen. 33 ; Phineas Pettis. 85: Elijah Mason, 85: Jobn McMillan. Jr.. 310: Spencer & Morgan. 315: Alexander C. Lawson, $2 ; William McGallard, $2; D. W. Williams. $5 ; Thomas C. Viall. 82 : Jacob Kaufman, $5; Jesse Allen. 84: Ithiel Mills, $3 ; Amos Spicer, $4; William Bell, 33 ; Roswell Kent & Co., 35: Henry Squires, $ Blisha Farnam. 35; Joseph W. Brown: 3 Horatio Howard. $5 ; Ambrose S. Cotter. 35 ; Henry Rhodes. $3 ; William Phelps. $2 ; William J. Hart.83: R.&S. MeClure, 35: Theophilus Potter. $2; Joshua Richards, $2: Bagley & Humphrey, $10; Leonard Chatfield. 32 ; David Jones, $2; Titus Chapman, $2: Julius A. Sumner. 33; Miner Spicer. 34: Alpheus Hart, $1; Paul Williams. $2; Guerdon Geer, $5. Total amount subscribed. 3204. a sum scarcely aclequate to the purchase of a first-class printer's outfit in these latter days. Ozias Bowen. Ksq.. then a resident of Middlebury (atterward a prominent citizen of Marion. and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of that county), associated himself with Mr. Dewey in the enterprise, but before the paper was started, Mr. Dewey transferred his interest to Elijah Mason. Esq.

The Portage Journal. - The Ohio Cana! ~nestion, meantime. having been substantially settled, and needing no further advocacy, Messrs. Bowen and Mason, before the first issue, changed the name of their paper to the Portave Journal. The first number was issued on the 28th day of September, 1825. Printing mate- und, as the utmost economy had to beexercised bury, being the publishers. August 31, 1827, in making the "plant," the Cleveland Herald | having just procured a new dress, the old types, ' rules, chases, stands, cases, etc.. purchased from - the page. the terms of publication being " Two dollars per annum (exclusive of postage). if payment be made within the year, or two dollars and fifty cents if payment be delayed until the yearexpires. "No paper will be discontinued until arrearages are paid. Tn polities. the Journal appears to have been nearly neutral. with a very decided leaning toward the anti- Jackson. or Adams, party. The connection of Mr. Bowen ceased with No. 47. October 27, 1826. Mr. John MeMillan. Jr. (father of Mr. George W. McMillan. of Northampton Township. to whom the writer is indebted for a portion of the material for this chapter). purchasing Mr. Bowens interest, the new firm being McMillan & Mason. who changed the name of the paper to the Portage Journal and Weeldly Advertiser - a pretty long name for so small a paper. This arrangement continued just one year. Mr. Mason retiring with No. 109. his place being taken by Alvah Hand. Esq.. then practicing law in Middlebury. the new firm of McMillan & Hand, with Mr. Hand as editor. continuing its publication until January or February. 1829, when it was discontinued for want of adequate support. the materials of the office being sold to parties in Massillon. Mr. George W. MeMillan. at present living among us, vigorous and hearty. and Hon. Hiram Bowen. afterward founder of the Bevcon, and one term Summit County's Representative in the State Legislature. and still an active business man in

Rev. Randolph Stone became associate editor, and March 19, 1828.sole editor of the paper, with John G. McLain as publisher, which arrangement continued until the close of 1829, editor and proprietor, who at that time changed the name to the Vbserver and Telegraph. December 30, 1830, Lewis Berry. a practical print- | concern. but in April, 1832, Mr. Isham again became sole proprietor of the paper. 1832. the name of Rey. James B. Walker appears joined with Mr. Isham, but was soon afterward dropped, the paper. about this time, taking the name of the Ohiv Observer, February 26, 1834, R. M. Walker and 8. J. Bradstreet became the editors and proprietors of the | | paper. December 11, 1834. Rev. James B. Walker. afterward Pastor of the Congregational Church in Akron, became sole editor and proprietor. -\. the close of 1835 - about which time the paper was temporarily crippled through the breaking of' its press, by a few sturdy blows from a blacksmith's sledge. wielded by a prominent citizen of Hudson. whose moral character the paper had or was about to call in question - Rey. A. R. Clarke became its editor and proprietor. and transterred the paper to Cleveland, aniting it with the Cleveland Journal, Rey. O.

9, 1839. April 16, 1840. the paper was returned | to Hudson. with Prof. E. P. Barrows as editor, , the pecuniary responsibility for its publication ; being assumed by an association of gentlemen in Hudson and other portions of the Western Reserve. October 2. 1842. Prof. Henry N. Day became associated with Prot. Barrows as one of the editors. February 14, 1844. the office, press, types. fixtures. ete.. were destroyed by tire. and. for a short time. the paper was printed at Cuyaboga Falls. After the fire, the association having charge balance of its indebtedness and withdrew from the concern. The paper then went into the hands of A. Upson & Co., who published it till January. 1848. at which date it was transferred it to Sawyer, Ingersoll & Co., in January, 1851, Messrs. Barrows and Day continuing to edit the paper until 1852, their services being performed gratuitously, being purely a "labor of the editor in 1852, and Rev. John C. Hart in 1853. January 11, 1854, the subscription-list of the Family Visitor was transferred to the Observer, which was continued one year longer, under the name of the Ohio Observer and Register, when, upon the failure of the publishers, the paper ceased to exist. ing its many vicissitudes, was always very ably edited. It was a religious, literary and political (non-partisan) family newspaper, specially representing the interests of the Presbyterian and Congregational Churches, under the old plan of union. and, during the nearly thirty years of its existence, its influence for good menced January 3, 1850, also in Cleveland, the names of Prof. J. P. Kirtland and O. H. Knapp, appearing as editors. On May 2, 1850, Mr. Knapp's name was dropped, the paper at that time being published simultaneously in Cleve- In January, 1852, the paper was wholly transferred to Hudson, and, in the and readers of the ever-welcome Visitor until January 11, 1854, when its subscription list was transferred to the Observer and Register, as before stated. The plan of the publishers and editors of the Vis/tor was to furnish a family paper - scientific, literary, religious and agricultural - of a high moral tone, excluding everything in any respect objectionable. scribers in every State in the Union, who deeply regretted its discontinuance. of quite a large class of high-toned papers, which have since become successful; but, being in advance of the times, had to be given up, because

/ under the disaster-inviting credit system then ' prevailing among newspaper publishers, and _ their so-called "patrons," the proprietors could ' not afford "to labor and to wait' for the future | harvest which was surely coming.

with a small job office, in May, 1875, by H. ©M. McDonald. It was a five-column folio, using "patent" outsides, the inside of the paper, only, filled with local and general news, advertising, etc., being printed in the office of publication.

households of the village and surrounding townships, was bought by Mr. J. H. Meek, in July, 1876, who in turn sold it to Col. Sullivan D. Harris, the former able editor of the Ohio Cultivator, in April, 1877. Col. Harris dying a few weeks after his purchase of the paper, it was bought by its present proprietor, Mr. C. G. Guilford, who changed it into a five-column quarto, the entire paper now being "set up " and printed at home.

The Ohio Review. - The next point, in chronological order, to be illumined by the effulgence supposed to emanate from the printing press, was Cuyahoga Falls.

a couple of enterprising young printers of Hartford, Conn., were - Juced to remove to Cuyahoga Fails and open a newspaper and job printiug office in 1833. After many delays in getting together the necessary materials, the first number of the Ohio Review was issued by Messrs. Canfield & Spencer November 30, 1833. The paper was neatly printed and quite ably conducted. and, being neutral in politics. was well- necessarily very limited, and the income of the establishment not proving sufficient to meet its current expenses, the Review, after an existence of something over one year, was temporarily discontinued December 12, 1834, Messrs. Canfield & Spencer removing to Cleveland, and from there, soon afterward, to Medina. The printing office, however, remaining at the Falls, the publication of the Review was soun after- | ward resumed by " An Association of Gentlemen ' - names not given - with Mr. James Low- | rey as printer. The exact date of its discon- | tinuance we have been unable to ascertain ; but | as Mr. Henry Wetmore has a number of the fourth volume, dated April 13, 1837, in his possession, and as an Akron contemporary of May | 5, 1838, says: ~ There are four papers now |; published at Cuyahoga Falls, three of which are | castigators, viz., the Renovator, the Young Buzzard and the Telescope," the three papers mentioned being ephemeral affairs, it is probable that the Review was still in existence at that date, and very likely continued for some years | thereafter.

The Cuyahoga Falls Reporter. - In the year 1870, Mr. E. O. Knox, a practical printer, but with very little money and absolutely no journalistic experience, commenced the publication of a handsome nine-column weekly paper, under the title of the Cuyahoga Falls Reporter. Its outside pages are replete with choice litera- | ture, interesting miscellany, and carefully collated foreign and domestic news, its inside col- | umns being devoted to local intelligence, advertising, etc. The Reporter is edited with ability, and, in point of newsy sprightliness, is : far above the average weekly papers of the | State. The Reporter, now well into the eleventh year of its existence, is steadily growing in publie favor and circulation, and is exerting a powerful influence in promoting the industrial interests of the village, and in maintaining the proverbial reputation of Cuyahoga Falls for intelligence, morality and thrift.

The Akron Post was the first paper ever pub- | lished in Akron proper. It was a five-column weekly sheet, Democratic in politics, and edited | and published by Madison H. White, the mate-. rials having been imported from Medina. The | press was of the " Ramage" persuasion - a , wooden-framed affair, with stone bed, wooden | platen and screw power, each form requiring |

' at Lock 7, in North Akron. of education and a vigorous writer, was the ed- ' itor of the Balance, while Mr. Galloway, being a practical printer, conducted the mechanical impression depending altogether upon the muscle and avoirdupois of the pressman, the forms being inked with huge sheep-skin balls, stuffed with cotton, even the glue-and-molasses hand- | rollers not being used in this far-off country at |

The: Akron Journal, also Democratic, was the next candidate for the public favor of the good - It was of about the same | size and general character as the Post, but far more ably conducted, its editor and proprietor being our present venerable, well-preserved fel- . low-citizen, Judge Constant Bryan. The first number of the Journal - printed with the same - press and types as its predecessor - was issued . on the lst day of December, 1836, and continued until the 15th day of June, 1837. the period of its existence being six months and two weeks only.

|! and the United States in general, and of the ' Whig party in particular, was started by Hor- , ace K. Smith and Gideon G. Galloway on the in the Balancr, and, with the care, labor and talent bestowed upon it, Messrs. Smith & Bowen ought to have made the American Balance a pecuniary success. But, as with its two Democratic predecessors, the fates were against them, the conspiring causes being, first, in the general stringency of the times, making it next to impos- - sible for publishers anywhere in Ohio to get in | money enough from subscriptions. advertising, ete., to pay running expenses ; aud second, beeause Akron. being a mere dependency of Portage County - thongh then of more commercial importance than its county seat - no official patronage could be brought to the support of any paper outside of Ravenna. while, at the same time, for the same reason. the circulation of the local paper was confined almost exclusively to the immediate vicinity of its publication, The Bulence, theretore. after a precarious existence of just one year. was discontinued on the 9th day of August, 1838. though the job department of the office was still kept running by Messrs. Smith & Bowen.

Connecticut Yankee - whose shop was in a room adjoining the office of the discontinued Journal. Akron. at that time being a rapidly growing town. and having some eighteen or twenty locks of the "great thoroughfare " - the Ohio Canal - within its corporate limits. had become a convenient stopping-place, and a favorite resort for divers und sundry vile characters, professional gamblers. counterfeiters. confidence maen. ete.. whose depredations upon the public peace and the public morals. the civil authorities were scarcely able to cope with. To aid the officers of the law in ridding the community ot these disreputable claracters. 1 number of the young business men of the village informally constituted themselves into a Vigilance Committee for the purpose of obtaining und imparting information in regard to the operations of the gang. and "stirring up the animals" generally. through pointed public discussions, scathing newspaper articles, anonymous circulars,ete. Mr. Lane, having obtained something of a smattering of the " Art Preservative." while acting as eclitor's assistant in the office of a Georgia newspaper a few months in 1834, c ceived the idea that, by making it a specialty, he could more efficiently accomplish the object sought, than could be done through the other channels named alone. Accordingly, getting permission from Judge Bryan to use his types and press. Mr. Lane, in the intervals of his regular business, "unaided and alone," wrote out, set up, struck off and flung to the breeze the first number of the Akron Buzzard, on the 7th day of September, 1833. It was a threecolumn folio, of 12x17 inches. published semimonthly at 75 cents a year. but doubled in size at the end of the tirst year, and the price raised to $1. From the favor with which the initial number was received. and not doubting its success, arrangements were made with Messrs.

issue from the office of the -Laerican Balance. The editorial num de guerre assumed by Mr. Lane was "Jedediah Brownbread. Esq.. and among his old acquaintances he is. to this day, more commonly saluted by the familiar sobriquet of Jed" than by his own proper name. The style of composition adopted by the editor was the proverbial Yankee dialect. of which the detestable styles of poor English. bad spelling and worse grammar, more recently used by «Josh Billings." * Artemas Ward." ~ Parson Nasby " and other so-called hamorists. are fair samples. The character of the paper and its object were fully set forth in its ~salutatory, which. translated into plain English. is as follows: * The Buzzard will bea real jolly. nothing-to-do-with-politics. anti-blackleg paper, devoted to news, popular tales, miscellany. anecdotes. satire. poetry, humor. the correction of | the public morals, ete. It will strike at the vices of mankind, with an occasional brush at its follies. It will expose crime, whether committed by the great or the small. and applaud virtuous and noble actions, whether performed by the rich or the poor. It will encourage the honest man in well-doing, and make a transparency of the breast of the hypocrite. In short, it will be to society what the common buzzard is to our Southern cities, viz.: It will pounce upon, and by its influence, endeavor to reform or remove such loafers as are nuisances in the community. by holding them up to the gaze of a virtuous public." Though literally holding his life in his hand, being often greeted with 'threatenings dire,' laid in wait for by the "fraternity," and several times severely assaulted, the publisher of the Buzzard fearlessly stood his ground - meantime conducting his regular business of house and sign painting - for a year and a half, the paper being discontinued on the 25th of February, 1839, not for want of patronage, for it had more than a local circulation, but because its conductor was about to engage in another branch of business, and because it was believed that the paper had substantially accomplished its mission ; and in closing this item, the writer - the veritable "Jedediah Brownbread" himself - desires to express his firm conviction, that though its methods were not approved by all of even the

, printed monthly quarto, edited and published by _ Horace K. Smith and S. L. Sawtell, the initial ' number of which appeared on the 14th day of

April, 1838. It was devoted to education, science, literature, etc., and though ably conducted - both of the editors being men of talent and culture - being in advance of the times, it was

/ not duly appreciated, and succumbed to the inevitable on the 30th day of September, 1838, after a non-paying existence of less than half a year.

banking. Though conducted with considerable ability. and though a financial organ, it was not a financial success, and had an existence of a few months only.

| for the past forty years "fought a good fight" : in the interests of the denomination, by whom ' its pioneer file-leader, the Glad Tidings, was support from the business men of Akron, and leading members of the Whig party within the limits of the prospective new county then about to be erected. Like most of the weekly papers

| of that early day, the Beacon had a hard struggle for existence for several years, but finally, as the official organ of the new county, and through the pluck and energy of its founder, its success became assured, and though its office of publication and total contents have three times been consumed by fire, the paper, for the full forty-two years of its existence, has never missed an issue, though sometimes temporarily diminished in size while recovering from its several disasters, and now sturdily stands, where it has ever stood, in the front rank of the weekly papers of Ohio. In or about the year 1845, Mr. Bowen sold the paper to Laurin Dewey, Esq. (formerly editor of the Ohio Star, at Ravenna, and Sheriff of Portage County ; afterward Warden of the Ohio Penitentiary, and more recently a prominent politician and a member of the Legislature of Iowa, now deceased), and his brother-in-law, Mr. Richard §. Elkins, then a member of the book and drug firm of Beebe & Elkins, and afterward Postmaster of Akron for eight years, under the administration of Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, Mr. EK. now residing on a farm near Ravenna, in the adjoining county of Portage. On the 9th day of June. 1848, the office was

| destroyed by fire. but immediately re-established, and later in that year, Messrs. Dewey & Elkins sold the paper to John Teesdale, Esq., formerly editor of the Ohio State Journal, and since the State Printer for lowa. Mr. Teesdale soon afterward formed a partnership with Messrs. Beebe & Elkins, uniting the printing with the book and drug business. under the firm name of Elkins, Teesdale & Co., Mr. Teesdale agement, the Beacon. becoming with the change of parties in 1854-55, the organ of the Republican party, attained a high degree of popularity. Mr. Teesdale sold his interest to his copartners, tinuing, however, to act as editor until May 1, of that year, when James S. Carpenter, Esq., became sole editor of the paper. Under the able editorial management of Mr. Carpenter, the high reputation of the Beacon. as voicing the advanced sentiment of the Republican party of the Western Reserve, was fully maintained. On | his accession to the bench of the Court of Com- | mon Pleas of Summit, Medina and Lorain Counties, Judge Carpenter, on the 22d day of October, 1856, vacated the editorial chair in favor of Hon. Asahel H. Lewis, a former State Senator for Summit and Portage Counties, a thorough | scholar and a pungent writer, the name of Mr. R. S. Elkins, one of the publishers, also at this time appearing as associate editor. On the 29th day of September, 1856, the office, together with the book and drug store of its proprietors, was again destroyed by fire, but, Phcoenix-like. it once more speedily arose from its ashes in a far more attractive form than ever before. The editorial connection of Mr. Lewis with the Beacon continued until January 10, 1861, when he was superseded by Mr. Samuel A. Lane, then just retiring from four years of service as Sheriff of Summit Connty. Mr. Lane. during the war, did the sole editorial work of the paper, giving especial attention to army correspondence, and of both city and county local news. the weekly circulation increasing during four years of the war. from 1.300 or 1,400 to about 2.500 copies. In January, 1865. Mr. Lane, who had hitherto been working on a salary. bought of Messrs. Beebe & Elkins, a one-third interest in the Beacon, another third being bought by Mr. Horace G. Canfield, a practical printer and foreman of the office, the firm name being changed to Elkins, Lane & Co. Two years later. January. 1867, the remaining one-third interest of Beebe & Elkins was purchased by Albertus L. Paine and Denis J. Long. former apprentices in the ~ Office, the Summit County Journal (noticed elsewhere) published by them being merged in the | Beacon, the firm name adopted being Lane. ' Canfield & Co. Mr. Lane continued to act as sole editor of the paper until the winter of 1868 | - 69, when Mr. Thomas C. Raynolds, an Akron boy, freshly graduated from Michigan Univer- ' sity, but with decided journalistic proclivities, was employed as assistant editor and local re- | porter. In 1867, the strictly advance pay system was adopted and rigidly enforced, a feat that but few of. the wee' , papers of the country had at that time dared to attempt, a feature | highly advantageous to both the publishers of | the paper and its subscribers. The Akron Daily Beacon. - In the meantime, | Akron had grown from a village of 3,000 inhab- | itants in 1860, to a city of 10,000 in 1869, with |

6th day of December, 1869, the first number of the Akron Daily Beacon, a seven-column folio, was issued, Mr. Lane, as chief, and Mr. Raynolds, as assistant. doing the entire editorial and reportorial work. Though quite a large however, the people have come to appreciate its worth as a gatherer and disseminator of local as well as fresh general news, and its average daily circulation is now (April. 1851) a little over 2,200. In June. 1870, Mr. Raynolds severed his connection with the paper. Carson Lake, then a compositor in the office. taking his place. and for several weeks during the summer and fall of that year, during the illness and absence of Mr. Lane from the office. performing the entire editorial and reportorial work upon the paper. In December. 1871, the establishment was transferred to the Beacon Publishing Company. Messrs. Canfield and Paine retiring. Messrs. Lane and Long holding their respective onethird and one-sixth shares. as stock in the new corporation, Mr. Lane being elected business manager, and Mr. Long continuing to act as superintendent of the news department, Mr Raynolds being recalled and placed in charge of the editorial department of the paper, in which capacity. with the exception of one year's interregnum, he has ever since acted, with Mr. Wilson M. Day as his able and faithful associate. In the meantime, the business of the concern had assumed such large proportions, that the fourstory 22x60-foot building then occupied was improved, being 22x117 feet, three-stories high, exclusive of the basement on Howard street, and five stories on Canal street, with stone front, large plate-glass windows, with steam elevator running from the basement to the upper floor, and steam heating apparatus throughout the entire building, the enlarged structure | being fitted up with strictly first-class fixtures, | machinery and materials from top to bottom. | By reason of the heavy loss occasioned by the | the fire (fully one-half of its $25,000 capital | | stock) and the closely following financial and | / commercial revulsion of 1873, the affairs of | | the company became so seriously embarrassed: | that, in January, 1875, the entire stock was | , sacrificed, and the concern, with its machinery, | ' news and job printing materials, book-binding | | apparatus. stationery stock, good-will. etc., was _ transferred to Messrs Thomas C. Raynolds, | | Frank J. Staral and John H. Auble, in consid- , ' eration of their assuming and paying its liabili- , ' ties, enough of the old stock-holders nominally retaining sufficient stock to keep the corporate | organization of the company intact. About _ two years later, Mr. Auble withdrew. leaving _ Messrs. Raynolds and Staral sole proprietors, under whose auspices the Beacon establish- _ ment. in all its departments, is at this writing (April, 1881) enjoying a high degree of prosperity. It would be interesting to minutely trace its growth froma few fonts of second-hand . | type, a patched-up, medium-sized hand press, | with a single journeyman printer, and the pro- | verbial printer's * devil," as its entire operative | | force. to its present magnificent appointments, | | but space will not permit. Suffice it to say | | that, besides its full complement of news, job, | and book-binding materials, its machinery, run . | by a finely-built eight-horse power steam en- | gine, consists of one mammoth four-roller Pot- ' ter cylinder job press, with 22x50-inch bed ; _ one two-roller Potter cylinder job and news | | press, with 31x46-inch bed; one two-roller | Potter job press. with 21x27-inch bed; one | No. 1 improved Campbell jobber; one quarto | Imperial jobber, and one eighth-medium Gor- | | don card and circular press ; two large paper | - cutters, besides a large-sized Wells hand press, proof presses, card cutters, etc.; the total oper- | ative force of the establishment at this writing | being forty-six, though at some seasons of the - year from fifteen to twenty more hands are needed in the job and binding departments. The Beacon, therefore, may well be considered one of the permanent institutions of Summit County, and taken all in all, is one of the most complete establishments of its kind in the State.

The American Democrat. - On the 10th day of August, 1842, Mr. Horace Canfield issued, in Akron, the first number of the American Democrat. With some slight changes of name, the paper - being at one time under the editorial control of Lyman W. Hall, Esq., of Ravenna, for one year, as a Free-Soil paper - finally settling down into the Democratic Standard, was continued under that name until the death of Mr. Canfield, December 29, 1853, and

Thomas and Horace G. Canfield. The office was afterward sold to Mr. H. P. Abel, and the paper re-established. Mr. Abel, in the spring of 1855, also issuing a small daily. The venture, however, was non-successful, Mr. Abel being obliged, soon after, to discontinue both daily and weekly. Inthe winter of 1855-56, the office was purchased by Mr. W. D. Bien, and the paper re-established under the name of the | Summit Democrat, afterward, in the winter of 1859-60. passing into the hands of Mr. J. Hays Webb, who continued its publication | here until just before the Presidential election | of 1860, when the office was removed to Can- | ton, where, under the name of the Zrue Demo- | crat, it was run until the spring of 1861. Mr. | Webb, on returning to Akron, changed its | name to the Summit Union, continuing its publication here until the close of the Val- | landigham-Brough Gubernatorial campaign, | in the fall of 1863, when the paper was discontinued and the office taken to Ravenna.

The Cascade Roarer. - After a peaceful slum- | ber of five years, the Akron Buzzard was re- | vived as a Temperance paper, March 15, 1844, by | its former proprietor, Mr. Samuel A. Lane, and | Mr. William T. Coggeshall, afterward the author | of a number of finely-written and intensely in- | teresting literary works ; State Librarian under | Govs. Chase and Dennison, from 1856 to 1862 ; and Minister to Ecuador, South America, in | 1866, dying of consumption at Quito, in the | summer of 1857. The name of the paper was changed to the Cascade Roarer - a five-column weekly - which had a successful run of about | two years, when Mr. Lane disposed of his inter- | est to Mr. James Drew, the new firm, in the in- terest of Labor as well as Temperance reform, changing the title of the paper to the Teetotal Mechanic. Its publication here was continued until September 24, 1846, when it was removed to Cleveland and merged in the Ohio Tvmperance Artisan, which. after a few months sickly existence, was finally discontinued.

under the above title. with Judge James 8. Carpenter as its eclitor. printed. ably edited. and reasonably successful. but. on the accession of Messrs. Paine and Long to a one-third ownership in the Beacon, the weekly, entitled the Akron City Times. Mr. Loveland's administration not proving very satisfactory, to either the party upon whom he mainly depended for support or the people of Summit County, the office was transferred to Mr. George C. Crain. in August. 1867. On the 28th day of April, 1868, Mr. Crain was succeeded by R. S. Bean & Co.. who in turn transferred the concern to S. L. Everett & Son, in October of the same year. On the death of the senior Mr. Everett. some two or three years | ' later, the entire management of the paper de- / volved upon the son, Sebastian L. Everett -

| it is enjoying a high degree of prosperity, and , P-3 evidently become one of the fixed and per- ; Manent institutions of the city and county, _ being printed on a cylinder power press, run portion of our population. It was founded in | the fall of 1868, by Mr. H. Gentz, Prof. C. F. . Kolbe succeeding to the proprietorship early | in the following year. September, 1872. the paper was transferred to the Akron Paper and Printing Company, and early in 1873, was transferred to the Germania Company. with Mr. Stephen Ginther as business manager, and Mr. Paul E. Werner as editor. In October, 1875, Mr. Werner bought and continued to edit the same until 1878, when other duties claiming | his entire attention, Mr. Louis Seybold was employed as editor, which position he still ably and efficiently maintains. The paper is now owned by the Germania Printing Company, formed in November. 1880, with Mr. Paul K. Werner as business manager, and commanding a good healthy circulation and a liberal adver- The business and mechanical departments of the Germania Printing Company are most complete. and. besides having a full supply of the newest styles of job and fancy type and other material. it has six powerpresses run by steam in constant operation. viz.: a Cottrell & Babcock cylinder. with 33x46-inch bed: a Cottrell & Babeock. air spring. with 25x38-ineh bed ; 2 Potter Pony ; a quarter and an eighth medium Liberty jobbers. and a * Model" card press. There is also a book bindery connected with the establishment. which, in all its departments. is at this date (April, 1851). in a highly prosperous condition, with a regular operative force of twentyfive hands, and occasionally demands from ten to tifteen additional. _

Tne Akron Daily Argus. - In March, 1874, the Akron Daily Argus was commenced by H. G. Canfield & Co.. with Elder John F. Rowe as | editor, a semi-weekly edition also being issued by the same firm. It was an independent paper and ably edited. The paper passing into possession of the Argus Printing Company, subsequently formed, was, in September. 1874, by a majority vote of the stockholders, changed . into a Democratic paper under the editorial management of Sebastian L. Everett - " Don" - formerly of the City Times. March 20, 1875. the concern passed into the hands of Elder John F. Rowe, former editor, and his brother, Frank | M. Rowe, a practical printer. who under the firm name of Rowe Brothers, again changed its character from a political to an independent until December 25, 1876, when the establishment was purchased by Mr. Carson Lake, under whose business and editorial management it was continued asa Democratic paper until July 1, 1879, at which date the office and fixtures were bought by Messrs. Paul E. Werner and B.

The Sunday Gazette - This is a six-column quarto, devoted to the general and local news of the week, literature, miscellany, religious in- It was started in December, 1878, by Mr. Paul E. Werner, as publisher, It was con-

1879, the name being changed to Sunday Trtbane, but, after two or three issues, again changed to Sunday Gazette, which name it still bears. On the dissolution of the firm of Werner & Nelson, and the discontinuance of the Tribune. on the 2d day of February, 1880, the (razette was continued by Mr. Paul E. Werner, in connection with the (Germania, until September 25. 1880, when it was sold to Mr. Carson Lake, under whose management it is rapidly increasing in circulation and popularity.

The Akron Commercial. - This is a nine column monthly, devoted largely, as its name imports. to advertising and commercial matters, but furnishing with each issue a large amount of interesting miscellany, with a monthly spicy editorial melange of local and general gossip. It is published and edited by Josiah Jackson Wright (commonly and for short called * Jack Wright" ) formerly for many years the efficient City Marshal of Akron. It was commenced in

The Advance. - A daily paper under the above title, as an organ of the National Greenback Labor party, was started in Cleveland June 6, 1877, by Robert Schilling, a weekly edition also being issued. In May, 1880, the daily was discontinued, and the weekly was transferred to Salem, Columbiana County, an Akron edition the office in Salem to its subscribers in Akron. August 4, 1880, Mr. John P. Burns assumed the business and editorial control of the ddvance, and January 1, 1881, removed the office to Akron. It is a five-column quarto, edited with ability ; bids fair to become one of the permanent periodicals of Summit County.

A large number of other periodicals have from time to time been published in Akron during the half-century we have passed over, that we have no space to notice in detail, even if we could recall them all to mind. Among them were the Rose of the Valley, a literary monthly, by Allison & Marriner; Akron Offering, by Callista Cummings; the True Kindred, by a Mrs. Sanford; the Fail, a Democratic campaign paper. by L. L. Howard, in 1840 ; the Flower of the West, by Allison & Rumrix, in 1840; the Free-Sotl Platform, a campaign os Liberty, 3 campaign paper, in 1855, by an | association of " Young Republicans ;" the Wide | Awake, a Republican campaign paper, in 1860, | by D. C. Carr. S. A. Lane and others; the Swnmitonian, a literary monthly, by H. G. Canfield & Co., in 1873; the Beacon Magazine, a literary monthly, in 1873, by the Beacon Publishing Co., as a premium to subscribers to the influence for good upon the community admits of not a doubt. For where would Summit County have been to-day but for its newspaadvantages ; in their advocacy of canals, railroads and other public improvements ; in their encouragement to manufactures, and in the innumerable ways in which the liberal use of printer's ink benefits both individuals and communities.

Railroads.* - The railway - wholly unknown to the commercial world three-fourths of a cen- - tury ago - has become the greatest single factor in the development of the material and social progress, not only of the United States and of the other civilized nations of the earth, but its inestimable blessings are being rapidly extended into the hitherto semi-civilized and barbarous portions of the globe. Though some rude tramways had previously been used in the mining regions of England, the first attempt at railroad building in the United States was in 1807 - a line of a few hundred yards in length - for transporting gravel from the top of Beacon Hill down rails being entirely of wood, and the propelling power the momentum of the loaded cars, which, in descending, by means of a rope attachment, pulled the empty cars up, a double track, of course, being necessary to the proper working of the road. As late as 1827, the then longest railroad in the United States was from the Mauch Chunk coal mines to the Lehigh River, in Pennsylvania, a distance of nine miles. loaded cars were run from the mines to the river by their own gravity, and, on being emptied, were drawn back to the mines by mules. this time on, the American people became deeply interested in railroad enterprises. and, from 1827 to 1830, several short lines, run by horse- propelled by steam, to turn a wheel upon the American continent, being a clumsy, uncouth importation from England, called the '" Stourbridge Lion," landed in New York in 1829. slow, however, was the development, that in the winter of 1833-34, it was the privilege of the writer, then a mere boy, to ride over the then longest railroad in the world, running from Charleston, S. C., to Augusta, Ga., a distance of 130 miles, only ; the first hundred miles west from Charleston being performed by steampower, the last thirty miles by negro-power, owing to a sharp incline that the modern engine driver would laugh at, the supposition being

America, called the " Best Friend," was used upon this road during its construction. It was built at the " West Point Foundry Shops," in New York, and forwarded to Charleston by ship Niagara, in October, 1830. The first trial trip was made on a small portion of the road out of Charleston, November 2. 1830, running, according to the report of the excursion in the Charles- | used in the construction of the road, until the 17th day of June, 1831, when it became disabled - by a singular accident, and the road was with- | cars at the forks of the road, and while turning on the revolving platform, the steam was suffered to accumulate by the negligence of the fireman, a negro, who. pressing on the safetyvalve, prevented the surplus steam from escaping, by which means the boiler burst at the could have been possible ; but it must be remembered that the engineer, himself almost wholly unskilled in locomotive driving, had to perform all the functions of conductor, brakeman, etc., in addition to his own proper duties, his only help being such as above indicated, common unskilled laborers, unable to distinguish between the lever of a safety-valve and the crank of a grindstone. But without further tracing the growth of the railroad system of the United States, now forming a perfect net-work of iron and steel in every portion of the country, on which daily and nightly and continuously run thousands of locomotives, and tens of thousands of freight and passenger cars, loaded with thousands of tons of the products of the country, with valuable merchandise from every part of the world, and with tens of thousands of precious human beings, dashing with lightning speed from city to city, and from State to State, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the Lakes subject matter of this chapter - " The Railroads of Summit County." The earliest freight and passenger railroad project, to include any portion of the territory now embraced in Summit County in its route, was the

Clevelund & Pittsburgh Railroad. - A charter was granted for this road by the Legislature of Ohio. on the 14th day of March, 1836. Work upon the road not being commenced within the three years designated in the law,

| both liberal and illiberal in its provisions, was, . through the stringency of the times and the : indifference of the people along the route, perthe charter became dormant, and remained so . for six years, when, by an act passed March 11, .

1845 - just nine years after the granting of the original charter - the project was revived and the charter amended. The promoters of the enterprise, though the times were hard and money scarce. prosecuted the work as rapidly as similar enterprises were then built. though very slowly in comparison with more modern railroad operations, the road not being completed on the Cleveland end as far as Hudson, even, until the latter part of the winter of 1851-52. The road enters Summit County on the east. near the southeast corner of the township of Hudson. and running in a northwesterly direction, passes through the village of Hudson, a small portion of the southwest corner of Twinsburg. and through the village of Macedonia. in the eastern portion of Northfield

Newburg, in Cuyahoga County, to Cleveland. From the very beginning, the Cleveland & Pittsburgh has been under an able and efficient management. and has never experienced any of

- completion of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh road ; through one corner of Summit County, its near- ' est approach to the county seat being some fif- '' teen miles, aroused our people to the importance till $100,000 was subscribed, the company being prohibited from contracting debts or liabilities to an amount greater than the stock subscribed and held by responsible parties and remaining unexpended, together with its means on hand and that which might reasonably be expected to accrue within three years from the time of the making of the contract. The company was also authorized to extend its road to some point on the Ohio River, if deemed of having more direct and rapid communication with the outer world than canals and mud roads afforded. Accordingly, a number of the enterprising citizens of Akron, Hudson and Cuyahoga Falls - one of the most active among them being Col. Simon Perkins. of Akron - took the matter in hand, and, in conjunction with the officers of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh - Railroad, obtained an amendment to its char- | ter, by an act passed February 19, 1851, author- | izing the construction, under said charter, of 'a | branch railroad from some convenient point on the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad, in Hudson, Summit County, through Cuyahoga Falls and Akron to Wooster, or some other point on the Ohio & Pennsylvania Railroad, between | Massillon and Wooster, and to connect with the | said Ohio & Pennsylvania Railroad, or any | other railroad running in the direction of Co- | lumbus," and increasing the capital stock of the | Cleveland & Pittsburgh Company $1,000.000.

The bill also stipulated that.the subscribers to the stock of this branch road might form a separate organization under the name of " The Akron Branch of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh | Railroad Company, entitled to all the privileges |

In the meantime, a railroad had been chartered to run from Cleveland to Zanesville. by the way of Medina, Wooster, Millersburg, ete. This, our people at once saw, or thought, would, if completed, leave Summit County "out in the cold." at least, for many years, for railroad enterprises were not then as readily promoted asinlater years. A delegation of the * Branch," headed by Col. Perkins. accordingly visited Wooster to endeavor to get them to make a diversion of their road trom that point via to Cleveland. as contemplated. To these overtures, however, the Woosterites turned a deat ear, and "The Cleveland. Wooster & Zanesville Railroad" was never built. The failure its interests with the Wooster project was truly a god- dent; Henry N. Day, Secretary. and John W. George Robinson was appointed Chief Engineer, and Isaiah Linton. Assistant Engineer. by whom the original sur- | vey and estimates from Hudson to Akron were made. Messrs. Robinson and Linton subse-

As the project was one which it was believed . would largely benefit every property owner in the county, in addition to the amount raised along the line of the road by voluntary stock | subscriptions, a special law was passed by the Legislature on the 24th day of March, 1851, authorizing and requiring the County Commissioners, with the consent of the legal voters of the county, to subscribe to the capital stock of | said company "any sum not exceeding $100,- 000, and to borrow the necessary amount of money for the payment of such stock subscription. bonds for the amount so subscribed to be issued in sums of not less than $100 each, bearing interest a rate not exceeding 7 per cent. payable annually, or semi- -annually, redeemable at such time as may be deemed expedient," ete. This proposition was voted on at the special election for the adoption of the New Constitution of Ohio, June 21. 1951. the vote "for subscription " and * against subscription." in the several townships of the county. being as follows :

In accordance with the authority thus given them, the County Commissioners. Messrs. Edwin Wetmore, of Stow. James W. Weld, Richtield, and Hiram Weston. of Middlebury, proceeded. " For and in the name of Summit County." to subscribe for $100,000 of the stock of said railroad. issuing therefor $1,000 each, payable to the order of John W. McMillen, in fifteen years. with thirty interest coupons attached. at the rate of 7 per cent. payable semi-annually. The Commissioners. at the same time. in accordance with the provisions of the act authorizing such stock subscription, added to the rate of taxation an amount sufficient not only to meet the interest as it should fall due, but to also gradually create a sinking fund for the final payment of the bonds themsely es.

tions along the line, enabled the Board of Directors to push the work forward so vigorously that, on the lst day of January, 1852 - less than ten months after the organization of the company, and only about six months after the

/ road at Orrville, in Wayne County, and giving | us an outlet in the direction of Columbus. Cincinnati, and the Western and Southern States.

court, the road and its franchises were sold by | the Receiver at public auction at the door of | the court house, in Akron, on the 2d day of | November, 1864, George W. Cass and John J. | Marvin, of Pittsburgh, being the purchasers, | Col. Simon Perkins being appointed Superin- © tendent of the road by the new owners. (n the 1st day of July, 1865, George W. Cass and John J. Marvin, by deed, conveyed the road and property pertaining thereto to the Pitts- | burgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway Company. July 1, 1869, the road passed, with the

_ burgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway Com- . . pany sold and transferred, by deed, to the Pittsterest was being paid and the fund provided , money ever made by the property-owners of Summit County, there not being a single foot of land within the limits of the county that was not enhanced in value from ten to twenty fold the amount of special tax thus paid upon it, while an impetus was given to the trade, manufactures and agricultural operations of the county that could have been attained in no other way.

burgh, Mount Vernon, Columbus & London Railroad Company, the entire Cleveland, Zanesville & Cincinnati Railroad, extending from Hudson, in Summit County, to the coal mines southwest of Millersburg, in Holmes County - a distance of sixty-five miles - with all its rolling stock, machinery and fixtures, for the consideration of 22,000 shares of fully paid-up capital stock of said Pittsburgh, Mount Vernon, Columbus & London Railroad Company, the par value of the same being $1.100,000. December 1, 1869. Gen. Goshorn <A. Jones. of Mount Vernon, was appointed Superintendent of the road, Col. Simon Perkins retiring. On the 20th day of December, 1869, by a decree of the Court of Common Pleas of Knox County, the name of the Pittsburgh, Mount Vernon, Columbus & London Railroad Company was changed to Cleveland. Mount Vernon & Delaware Railroad Company. Under the new management, measures were immediately taken, and vigorously prosecuted, to build the road through to its final destination, Delaware. but soon so far modified as to make Columbus, instead of Delaware, the southern terminus. The road was completed and the first passenger train from Hudson to Mount Vernon was run June 25, 1872, and. on | the 23d day of November, 1873, the road was opened through to Columbus, regular trains © commencing at that day and continuing to the | present. Various causes having combined to prevent the road, though doing a fair business, from meeting its liabilities. the owners of the » first mortgage bonds of the road, at the Sep- | tember term, 1880, of the Court of Common |

Pleas of Summit County, commenced a suit for foreclosure and sale, Gen. G. A. Jones, by order of court, being appointed and qualified as Receiver September 27, 1880. At the present writing (April, 1881), there are strong hopes that the Receiver may be able to relieve the road of its embarrassments, the court having already ordered the building of about three miles of additional track to Fox Lake Coal Mines, the purchase of four new locomotives, four new passenger coaches and six miles of steel rails. The officers of the road, at the time of its transfer to the present company. were as follows: Directors, R. C. Hurd, Charles Cooper, 8. Israel, Mount Vernon; M. White, of Gambier; I. Harpster, of Millersburg; William M. Orr, of Orrville; and Thomas D. Messler, of Pittsburgh, Penn.; President, R. C. Hurd ; Secretary, J. 8S. Davis; Treasurer, J. D. Thompson; Auditor. K. Mize; Superintendent, G. A. Jones; Master Machinist, J. W. Holloway. Present officers of the road are as follows: Directors, Thomas D. Messler and William Shaw, of Pittsburgh ; George B. Roberts, of Philadelphia; Hon. J. R. Swan, of Columbus ; S. Israel and Charles Cooper, of Mount Vernon; William M. Orr, of Orrville; I. Harpster, of Millersburg; M. White, of Gambier; President, Thomas D. Messler; Superintendent, G. A. Jones; Auditor, E. Mize; Treasurer, J. D. Thompson; Secretary, J. S. Davis; Master Machinist, J. W. Holloway ; General Freight and Ticket Agent, J. A. Tilton; Messrs. Mize, Thompson, Holloway and Tilton also acting in their respective positions, under the appointment of Receiver Jones; Messrs. Mize and Holloway having been connected with the road nearly, if not quite, from its first completion as the " Akron Branch."

The Massillon Branch. - As an adjunct to the Cleveland, Columbus & Delaware road, the Massillon & Cleveland Railroad (commonly called the Massillon Branch) was built by the Massillon & Cleveland Railroad Company, and runs from Clinton, in Summit County, to Massillon, in Stark County, a distance of some eight or ten miles,only. This road was leased to the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway Company June 22, 1869; lease assigned by

_that company to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company July 1, 1869; and by that company and the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway Company lease assigned to the Pittsburgh,

| Mount Vernon, Columbus & London Railway Company (now Cleveland, Mount Vernon & Del- 'aware Railroad Company), November 4, 1869. The road is owned by the Massillon & Cleveland Railroad Company, and is now (1881)

Other Early Railroad Projects - About the the time the Cleveland & Pittsburgh and the Akron Branch were being projected and built, three other lines, centering in Hudson, were chartered and a commendable degree of progress made in their construction, viz.: The and the " Hudson & Painesville." As early as 1830, Col. De Witt Clinton, Jr., then of the , United States Topographical Engincers. recon- -noitered and recommended the construction of 'a railway from the Atlantic to Council Bluffs. 'on the Missouri River, on a route that would bring the territory now embraced in Summit County upon its line. To this end, a number 'of charters had been secured, companies organ- 'ized and work commenced in the States of New _ York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, 'from 1840 to 1853, the several links, when 'completed, to be consolidated into one * grand 'continental line," to be designated * The American Central Railway," with the further plan in view of ultimately continuing the line through to the Pacific Coast. The Clinton Line Ruilroad. - As one of the links of this great through line, in 1852, the "Clinton Line Railroad Company" was char- 'tered and organized, so named in honor of the originator and promoter of the Erie Canal, the _greatest topographical and civil engineering ' project of his time, De Witt Clinton. The most active and liberal promoters of this road were citizens of Hudson, with Prof. Henry N. Day as its President. The line extended from Hudgon cast to the Pennsylvania State line, a distance of fifty-five miles, running through Portage and Trumbull Counties, and connecting at the State line, in the Township of Kinsman, with the Venango Railroad, then under contract andin process of construction. The Pitts- burgh & Erie, also, had the project in contemplation of building a branch road to connect with the Clinton line at Kinsman, thus giving the Clinton line the choice of two very

The Clinton Line Extension. - In 1853, the Clinton Line Extension Railroad, from Hudson west to Tiffin, in Seneca County, was organized, with Prof. Henry N. Day, also, as its President, and Hon. Van R. Humphrey, of Hudson, as one of its directors. The distance from Hudson to Tiffin, by the line of this road, is about 94 miles. The Clinton Line Extension was to connect at Tiffin with the Tiffin & Fort Wayne Railroad, organized the same year, which road, in turn, was to cennect at Fort Wayne with the Fort Wayne & Mississippi Railroad, organized in 1853, which road was, through short interme-

December, 1855, President Day reported of the Clinton Line and the Clinton Line Extension as follows: 'On the Clinton Line, forty per cent of the grading, masonry and bridging has been done ; contracts have recently been closed for the completion of the road-bed not already under contract, and also for the superstructure and equipment of the road. to be finished in about a year.

' since, commenced an effort to increase the local ' eash subscription to its capital stock, which _ has been carried far enough to assure the entire being of easier construction, and completing, in connection with other lines, a very promising line of itself to Cleveland. Contracts have recently been made for the completion of the entire road for operation - the western division in about one year, the eastern in a year afterward. The cost of the road is estimated, on the basis of the contract prices, at $3,200,000, inclusive of equipments, station buildings, fencing, telegraph, interest and discounts."

The "effort to increase the local cash subscription to its capital stock" did not prove as successful as President Day anticipated, and other embarrassments falling upon the organizations, work was entirely suspended upon both

, ' to completion, bringing also disaster and finan- | chartered in 1843, under the laws of .the State . of Iowa, and extending from New Boston, on | _ the Mississippi River, to Council Bluffs, on the cial embarrassment to many of the citizens of Hudson, and very seriously affecting, for the time being, the prosperity of the village itself.

of the Cleveland, Zanesville & Cincinnati Rail- To this enterprise, also, the people of Hudson, in common with those of Painesville and intermediate towns, subscribed liberally. Though a large portion of the grading and other work was completed, or nearly so, in the general financial stringency which caused

: the entire road at the same time ; after expend- | | ' solely, due the credit of projecting the Atlantic | & Great Western Railroad, which has, for several |

Mr. Kent, then, though comparatively a young man, quite an extensive mill owner and manufacturer of that village, moved thereto, perhaps by the fact that the management of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh road, then in process of construction, in getting from Ravenna to Hudson, had run its track some two and a half miles north of the village, conceived the idea of forming a direct through broad-gauge line from New York to St. Louis, a distance of nearly 1,200 miles, by connections with the New York & Erie, at Salamanca, and, through the Dayton & Hamilton, with the Ohio & Mississippi, at Cincinnati. Having carefully traced upon the map the route to be traversed, and duly considered the feasibility of the project, Mr. Kent set himself quietly but vigorously at work to perfect his plans for the accomplishment of his object. In order not to arouse the jealousy and opposition of competing lines, great caution and secrecy had to be observed, and considerable strategy employed. Confiding his plans to a few confidential advisers only, with a bill drafted by his own hand, Mr. Kent proceeded to Columbus, in the winter of 1850-51, where he secured the hearty co-operation of Hon. Milton Sutliff, State Senator from the Trumbull District, and Chairman of Committee on Railroads, through whose influence the modest bill. for the charter of a seemingly local road, under the modest title of the "Coal Hill Railroad "" - quietly changed, previous to its final passage, to the still modest title of the " Franklin & Warren Railroad'' - as written by Mr. Kent. was passed March 10, 1851, as follows:

Ren Railroad Company

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio: That Thomas Earl, Zenas Kent, O. L. Drake, A. V. Horr, Cyrus Prentiss and Marvin Kent, of the county of Portage; Simon Perkins, Lucius V. Bierce, Harvey B. Spelman and Daniel Upson, of Summit County, and Charles Smith, Frederick Kinsman, Jacob Perkins. C. G. Sutliff and Rufus P. Ranney, of the county of Trumbull, and their associates, successors and assigns, be, and they are hereby created a body corporate and politic, by the name and style of the Franklin & Warren Railroad Company, with perpetual succession ; and by that name and style shall be entitled to have and enjoy, and are hereby invested with all the rights, privileges and franchises, and be subject to all the restrictions of the act entitled ''An Act Regulating Railroad Companies,'' passed February 11, 1848, and the act amendatorv thereto, except so far as the same may be modified or changed by this act.

Sec. 2. The capital stock of this company may he any amount not exceeding two millions of dollars, and said company shall have power to construct a railroad from the village of Franklin, in the count of Portage, to Warren, in the county of Trumbull. and from thence to the east line of Ohio, and may continue the same from its place of beginning, in a westerly or southwesterly direction, to connect with any other railroad within this State. which the di. rectors of said company may deem advisable.

Sec. 3. That said company shall be, and is hereby authorized to connect with any other railroad company, and to consolidate its capital stock with the capital stock of such company, upon terms fo 't agreed upon between the said companies. and fhave and use the name and style of such other com. pany. and constitute a part of the same: and any other company may, in like manner. connect with and become a part of, the company hereby incorperated.

Sec. 4. Said company shall have power to merwave, or in any other way create a Hen in favor of any person or persons or company. for materials. iabor. or other thing necessary for said read: and said Company shall be authorized to sell its own or other corporate bonds at such rate of discount as they may deem proper to further the objects of sari company. and said bonds may bear such rate of interest as said company may deem advisable. anid said bonds may be sold in or out of the State. which sales shall he valid.

Sec. 5. Said company may. and they are herels authorized to, commence and complete any part oF said railroad from the place of beginning to any point on the route which the interests of said con: pany may require. and to employ and use said parconstructed, and to demand and receive suitab!: rates of toll for the transportation of persons ani property thereon. according to the provisions of tie charter of said company. as fully as if the entire work were completed and in operation : and as xeon as twenty thousand dollars shall have been subscribed to the stock of said company. the persounamed in the first section. or any five of them, shai: call a meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors for the government of said company.

Sec. 6. That the track of the railroad hereby authorized to be constructed, may be made of such width as may be necessary to conform to the width of any railroad with which it may connect.

Charles C. Convers

sured, Mr. Kent immediately addressed himself to the task of working up an interest in the project, and procuring subscriptions to the capital stock of the road. His progress was at first very slow, Mr. Kent himself finally subscribing the entire $20,000 named in the charter as a prerequisite to its organization, and pledging himself to a number of other gentle- men, whom he induced to take a sufficient number of shares to make up the proper complement of directors and officers, to take the stock off their hands if the venture should prove unsatisfactory or unsuccessful. 'Thus the organi i } : a meeting of the Directors, held July 8, 1851, | _ Marvin Kent was chosen President; Joel W. _ Tyler, Secretary. and Sylvester Huggins, Treas- | : urer.

In accordance with this hint, by due legal process, the name of the corporation was changed from the Franklin & Warren, to the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad Company, during the year 1854. In December of the same year, the capital stock of the company was increased from $2,000,000 to $4,000,000. In the meantime, parties interested in the success of the enterprise, being unable to secure from the Pennsylvania Legislature a direct charter for the intermediate connecting link through that State, bought, for $400,000, the existing charter neighboring State, which, apparently, presented a hostile attitude to its advancement, and somewhat embarrassed the operations of its Directors. have been removed, and the company is placed in that position which insures a speedy comple- The second year of its existence opened a new era in its prospects. The general interests of the country require a great Hastern and Western railway communication, and the idea of a continuous route from the Atlantic to the Pacific shores. took possession of the public mind. Our enterprise, gentlemen, is no less than a

' of Akron alone, manufactured, during the past - geason, 180,000 barrels of flour for shipment. ' During the same period, fifty thousand barrels ' were manufactured at the village of Franklin.

having sufficient branching powers to enable them to span the State, and connect with the Ohio branch upon the West, and the New York branch upon the East. Subsequently, such legislative action was had in the States of Pennsylvania and New York, as to authorize the organization of a company in each State, under the same title as in Ohio, with a separate Board of Directors for each, the three companies uniting under the general title of the Altantic & Great Western Railway Company, with a Central Board of Directors, President, Secretary and Treasurer, with its headquarters at Meadville, Penn. The Ohio Board was represented in the Central Board by Marvin Kent and Dr. W. 8. Streator. Large local subscriptions were worked up through the efforts of President Kent, Secretary Earl and others of Franklin ; John H. Chamberlin, Jacob Allen and others of Akron, and Dr. Daniel Upson and others of Tallmadge (Akron and Summit County furnishing their full quota, $100,000), and work was commenced by the contractor, Mr. Henry Doolittle, on the Ohio Division, at Franklin Mills, July 4, 1853, President Marvin Kent removing the first earth. Mr. Doolittle's contract embraced the entire Ohio division, from the Pennsylvania State line to Dayton, a distance of 240 miles, and amounted to nearly $7,000,000 ($1,000,000 of which was to be paid in stock), the largest contract which, up to ti.at time, had ever been taken by one man, either in America or Europe. Grading and other work was pretty evenly distributed in the several counties from the State line to Dayton, one of the conditions of the subscription being that the money should be expended in the counties where raised. Con- siderable progress was made all along the line in 1853 and 1854 ; but, like most contemporaneous railroad enterprises, it was beset with such serious financial embarrassments that work was practically suspended in 1855, though, not entirely stopped until 1858. Meanwhile, however, the organization was kept intact, andits plucky President, and the faithful few who manfully stood by him. in both Portage and Summit Counties, relaxed not one jot or tittle of their zeal, their persevering efforts being rewarded by be altogether inadequate to the finishing and - ' furnishing of the road, and on the 5th day of « _ November, 1863, at a stock-holders' meeting contracting in March, 1861, to complete the entire line from Salamanca, N. Y., to Dayton. Ohio, the original contractor, Mr. Henry Doolittle, having in the meantime deceased. Though the contract stipulated that work should be

_ resumed in June, 1861, owing to the breaking- | out of the civil war in the United States. and © | the complications with foreign nations. temporarily resulting therefrom, no great progress was made until the spring of 1862. The work was

Of this event. the Beacon of April 23, 1863, " Aswe stated in our last issue that this grand enterprise was to be completed to this place during the last week. without fail, we are now happy to state that the track was completed to within a few rods of the Cleveland, completion to that. its Western terminal point. | . was duly celebrated on the 21st day of June, | 1864, in the presence of a large company of » railroad magnates of both the East and the .

New York & Pennsylvania Divisions; H. F. Sweetser, General Superintendent. and Mr. Kent. proceeded to lay the last rails. The ceremony of spiking was introduced with considerable merriment. Mr. Kennard driving the first |

_ Trish track-laver - excelling Mr. Kennard. by | making the drive with one less blow. besides | President Kent, who. in driving the last spike. | eral gentlemen from Warren, Ravenna and other points along the road. Their advent into town was greeted by the liveliest enthusiasm of our people, expressed through the soul-stirring music of our most excellent band, and by a general visit to the ' pioneer train' and the track- | last spike driven to the head." Thus, after many delays, trials and tribulations, was completed one of the finest lines of | railway in the United States, and one which, | though financially disastrous to a majority of | its earliest promoters and supporters, has been of incalculable benefit to the entire section of country through which it passes - especially to the people of Summit County and its wideawake capital city. Space will not permit a detailed history of this road from the time of its completion, in 1864, to the present time. Suffice it to say, that, by reason of unforeseen complications - largely, no doubt, growing out etc.,as tributaries and extensions, together with the franchises, fixtures, property and liabilities connected therewith - though always doing a day of April, 1869, suit, in foreclosure of the consolidated mortgage, was begun in the Summit County Court of Common Pleas, at which time Jay Gould and William Archibald O. Daugherty, of New York, were appointed Receivers. It afterward transpiring that those gentlemen were either ineligible by reason of their location, or were unsatisfactory to other parties in interest, their resignation was filed on the | 26th day of November, 1869, and Hon. Reuben | Hitchcock, of Painesville, Lake County, Ohio, | Was appointed Receiver of the road. The af-

' fairs of the road were most admirably managed | ' by Judge Hitchcock, until the 26th day of | - July, 1871, when it was sold by the Receiver, |

' under the name and style of the Atlantic & | Great Western Railroad Company. as distin- | guished from its predecessor, the Atlantic « | The price ' paid for the road was as follows: Ohio Divis- | ion, subject to the lien of the first mortgage | thereon (about £2.400,000) including the lease | of its Mahoning Branch, sold for 34.435.- | 500; Pennsylvania Division. with its various | branches. $600.000: New York Division, $653.- : The new company did | not, however, long enjoy smooth sailing, new | suits, with almost infinite complications, being commenced, also in the Court of Common | Pleas, of Summit County,on the 18th day of _ December, 187+, the President of the road. Mr.

' tested railroad suit ever tried and determined | in the United States, many millions of dollars being involved, and the most eminent legal tal- | ent of both Europe and America being em- | ployed by the various parties in interest. In these two suits, at different stages in the pro- | ceedings, arguments were made before Judges | Washington W. Boynton, Samuel W. McClure

Hon. Stanley Mathews and Hon. George Hoadley, of Cincinnati; Hon. Rufus P. Ranney, Hon. Stephenson Burke and James M. Adams, Ksq., of Cleveland, and other distinguished attorneys from abroad, important interests being represented in the two suits by Hon. William H. Upson, Tibbals & McKinney, Oviatt & Allen, ae other members of the Summit County oar.