Summit County, Ohio - Chapter 4, 1881 (part 1 of 3)

Chapter 4

He was one of the early set- , tlers in the western part of Tallmadge Town- | ship, and when he died was buried with the ° honors of war, and the solemn rites of Free- | masonry. Another of these veterans was Isaac Seward, the grandfather of Col. Seward, of Akron. And still another, David Galpin, who is buried in Akron Rural Cemetery. William - Neal, Capt. John Wright, David Preston and Conrad Boosinger were likewise Revolutionary soldiers, and among the early settlers of Tallmadge Township. But itis not intended to go into a history of the Revolutionary war. It is merely mentioned by way of introduction to other wars in which the county bore an active part.

now composed contained a number of inhabitants. Being near the seat of war, most of the able-bodied male citizens participated in the struggle at some time during the period of its continuation. The opening scenes of this " un-

_ pleasantness," were characterized by defeat, dish ; | aster and disgrace, but toward the close of the (Ohio Territory) were set apart as a remunera- | struggle. a series of brilliant achievements made amends for these misfortunes. Says a chronicle of the time : " Croghan's gallant defense of Fort ° Stephenson.; Perry's victory on Lake Erie ; the total defeat, by Harrison, of the allied British - and savages, under Proctor and Tecumseh, on © vicissitude of this contest, the conduct of Ohio was eminently patriotic and honorable. When the necessities of the National (rovernment compelled Congress to resort to a direct tax, Ohio, for successive years. cheerfully assumed and promptly paid her quota out of her State Treasury. Her sons volunteered with alacrity their services in the field: and no troops more patiently endured hardship or performed better service. Hardly a battle was fought in the Northwest in which some of these brave citizen soldiers did not seal their devotion to their country with their blood." And what is true, and to the honor of the State at large. is equally true of the soldiers from this particular section.

As a matter of some interest to our modern soldiers. we give the following abstract from the Quartermasters Departinent during the war of 1812: Rations: One and a quarter pounds ot beef. three-quarters of a pound of pork. thirteen ounces of bread or flour. one gill of whisky. At the rate of two quarts of salt. four quarts of vinegar. four pounds of soap. and one and three-uarter pounds of candles to every 100 rations. And from the Payimaster's Department: Colonel. 875 per month. five rations and $12 for forage: Major, $50 per month and three rations: Captain. 840 per month and three rations: First Lieutenant. 330 and two rations: Second Lieutenant. %2U0 and two rations: Ensign. 820 and two rations; Nergeant Major. 30: (uartermaster's Sergeant 29: other Sergeants. $8: Corporals. 87; Musicians, 86. and Privates. $6 per month.

[t has been a matter ot much difficulty to learn the particulars of this war, so far as the few settlers of this section participated in it. Most of these old veterans have met and conquered the last enemy - death. A very few of them are known to be now living. Nor could the names of all who went from what is tiow Summit County be obtained, but it is believed that most of the able-bodied men of requisite age took part in this war. Among those who served from this county, we have the names of the following: Col. Riall McArthur. Joseph D. Baird. John Hall. Timothy Holcomb (a Lieutenant). Alexander Hall, James Baird. Lee More. Nathaniel De Haven, Martin Willis, Hiram King (an Ensign), Lusk (a Captain), William Prior, Timothy Sherwood, William Wright, Joseph Foster, Henry Wood. George

May, Israel Lacy and Jacob Harter. A few years ago, when these old veterans. were pensioned by the Government, there were then thirty-three living in the county, but. with perhaps two or three exceptions, they are now all gone. * Soldiers, rest. thy warfare o'er. Sleep the sleep that knows no waking."

After the close of the war of 1312. our peace wus no more disturbed. except by an occasional Indian skirmish, until the war with Mexico. If war with ~ blood-red tresses deepening in the sun." and ~death-shot zlowing in his fiery hands." raged in countries of the old world, his thunder came to us but as the ~ mutterings of a distant cloud. whose lightuings could Lbarmn us not."

The Mexican war grew out of the admission of Texas. as a State. into the Federal Union. The circumstances were briefly these: Texas had been a province of Mexico. but had seceded (as she tried to do from Uncle Sam in after years. but with less success). and for years its citizens had been carrying on a kind of guerrilla wartare with the mother country. This warfare had been attended with varying results, sometimes the one party. and sometimes the other. being successful. But in 183. the famous battle of San Jacinto was fought. in which the Texans were victorious, and captured Santa Anna, then Dictator of Mexico, while his whole army was either killed or made prisoners. Santa Anna was held in strict confinement, and finally induced to sign a treaty acknowledging the independence of Texas. But the Republic of Mexico. in violation of every principle of honor, refused to recognize this treaty, and continued to treat Texas and the Texans just as she had previously done. From this time on, petitions were frequently presented by the Texans to the United States (sovernment, praying admission into the Union. But Mexico, through sheer spite, endeavored to prevent this step, constantly declaring that the

' the admission of Texas, being elected, this was , taken as a public declaration on the subject. ' After this, Congress had no hesitancy in granti ing the petition of Texas, and, on the Ist of March, 1845, formally received the " Lone Star" , into the sisterhood of States. In her indigna- | tion, Mexico at once broke off all diplomatic _ relations with the United States, calling home : her Minister immediately. This, of itself, was a declaration of war, and war soon followed. _ Congress passed an act authorizing the President to accept the services of 50,000 volunteers (which were to be raised at once), and appropriating $10,000,000 for the prosecution of the war. In this call for 50,000 troops, Ohio was required to furnish three regiments. With her characteristic patriotism, she filled her quota in a few weeks. Upon the organization of these regiments at Cincinnati, the place of rendezvous, there were almost men enough left to form another regiment. These were furnished transportation to their homes at the expense of the Government. The regiments, as organized, were otticered as follows: First Regiment, A. M. Mitchell. of Cincinnati, Colonel ; John B. Weller, of Butler County, Lieutenant Colonel; T. L. Hamer, of Brown County, Major. Second Regiment, G. W. Morgan, of Knox County, Colonel ; William Irvin. of Fairfield, Lieutenant Colonel; William Hall. of Athens, Major. Third Regiment.s. R. Curtis. of Wayne County, Colonel ; . W. McCook. of Jefferson, Lieutenant Colonel. and J. 8. Love, of Morgan, Major. Under a second call for men, which was known as the * Ten Regiments Bill,' Ohio filled up her quota without delay. Upon this second call. made just after the fall of Monterey. and in opposition to the war generally, Hon. Thomas Corwin in the United States Senate made one of the ablest speeches of his life. _ In this speech it was that he used the memorable language, since grown almost into a prov- 'erb: "If I were a Mexican I would tell you. 'Have you not room iu your own country to ' bury your dead men? If you come into mine, we will greet you with bloody hands, and wel- - come you to hospitable graves.'" taking any active part in it. Hence, the number of men furnished by the county in the different calls for troops was exceedingly small. We have been enabled to learn the names of only the following: George, Otis

Gouder, Zettle, William H. and Ezra Tryon and Adam Hart. There were, perhaps others, but diligent inquiries have failed to materialize" any of them. Of those men- | tioned, Hart enlisted at Pittsburgh, Penn., and | Gouder, in Tennessee. Two of the Caprons and O. P. Barney are dead; Eliphaz Capron | lives at Ellis' Corners; Zettle and Gouder live | in Akron, and Hart lives in Middlebury. Bar- | ney was a Sergeant in the Mexican war, and the following incident is still remembered by , many, a8 having been told by himself: When | Gen. Taylor's little army was encamped at | Matamoras. Barney was on picket duty, and | was lassoed by the Mexicans and pretty roughly | handled. The following paragraph in regard | to it,is from an old file of the Akron Democrat: ' "We are sorry to observe that Sergt. O. P. . Barney of this place has had both his feet | frozen during the late cold weather. The gal- | lant Sergeant has seen service on the line be- © tween Matamoras and Buena Vista, but he has | found a more formidable antagonist in Jack '

The great rebellion burst upon the country in the spring of 1861, threatening to sweep everything before it to destruction. Hitherto, | we had been called to measure arms with for- | eign foes, or with the howling savages, but now - a war among ourselves was inaugurated - a - civil war without parallel in the annals of his- : tory :

"O war! begot in pride and luxury, The child of malice and revengeful hate: Thou impious good, and good impiety! Thou art the foul refiner of a State, Unjust scourge of men's iniquity, Sharp easer of corruptions desperate !"'

! earth, a civil war, wherein " the brother betrays | the brother to death, and the father the son, | and children rise up against their parents, and » cause them to be put to death," is the most | dreadful. The rival houses of York and Lan- | caster. with their emblems of " White" and - '" Red," shook old England to her center, filling | her houses with mourning, her fields with carnage, and wasting the blood of her bravest and best ; but compared to our '" war between the ~ States,' it is dwarfed into insignificance. A perfect history of our great civil war has never Though of earthquake and eclipse," it could not write a true history of those four long dreary years as they were. All the evils of war. and all the horrors of civil war were crowded into them, and the refined cruelties known to the civilization of the enlightened age in which we live. were practiced by the opposing parties. Starvation. the prison-pen. and the tortures incident to » the times. were the common doom of the unfortunate who fell into enemy's hands. But after a close. That which had so long been deemed a curse to the country. was developed into a blessing, and it is safe to predict that the same cause will never originate another war on American soil. Now that the trouble is over. and peace and prosperity smile upon the land from one end of the nation to the other. it is a source

In the union of ~ the Roses" was found the germ of England's future greatness and resplendent glory, and in the harmonious blending of " the Blue" and "the Gray." who shall limit the greatness and the glory of America ?

It is highly creditable to Summit County that she was represented in some of the first regi- | When the news was sent flying over the country that the flag had been insulted, the people were aroused to instant action. Who does not re-_ member the blaze of excitement which followed the bombardment of Sumter, when martial mu- tender women, no less than brave men, were wild with enthusiasm ? Wives encouraged their | husbands to enlist: mothers urged their sons to _ them, and where the flowers sweeten the air around them with their fragrance ; and it is no reproach to their valor that they fell before foes as brave as themselves. They are held memoriu in wterna, and their patriotism is recorded in Those who survived and returned in safety to home and friends, have their reward in the knowledge that the old flag still tloats over all the States.

A brief sketch of the regiment. containing organized bodies of men from this county, will now be given. together with all the local facts to be obtained. of the companies recruited here and mustered into the United States service. Every exertion has been made to get the list of county organizations complete. Newspaper files have been examined. ex-officers and soldiers consulted, and all publications on the subject perused with care. And while there may be slight errors and omissions in some cases. we believe. however, that in the main the record will be found substantially correct.

The first regiment in which Summit County was represented was the Nineteenth Infantry. This regiment was originally organized for three months, and drew two companies from this county, viz. G@ and K. Company G. was changed to G. The original officers were Lewis P. Buckley, Captain; A. J. Fulkerson. First Lieutenant. and G. S. Carpenter. Second Lieutenant. Capt. Buckley was promoted to Major,

Infantry," and, upon organization, became Company K, with the following officers: Andrew J. Konkle, Captain ; Paul T. Kirby, First Lieutenant, and James Nelson, Second Lieutenant.

' | The regiment was filled up by the 15th of | Second Sergeant to Second Lieutenant July 2, May, and on the 27th it left Camp Taylor - | 1864. Of other promotions we could obtain ' no information.

the place of rendezvous - for Columbus, and occupied Camp Jackson. Here it elected regimental officers. Companies A and B were armed and equipped and sent to Bellaire, where they were employed guarding the ferry until June 3, while the other eight companies were sent to Camp Goddard. at Zanesville, to perfect themselves in the drill. On the 20th on the 29th. where it arrived on July 2. It participated in the battle of Rich Mountain on the 7th. The behavior of the Nineteenth in this engagement. won from (ren. Rosecrans the following : * The Nineteenth distinguished itself for the cool and handsome manner in which it held its post against a flank attack. and for the manner in which it came into line and delivered its fire near the close of the action." The term of service expired on the 23d. and it returned to Columbus. Ohio, and was mustered out of the service. Many of the officers busied themselves in recruiting for the three years' service. and with such marked success that by the 26th of September. nine full companies had reported and were mustered in.

In the re-organization of the regiment for three years, Company K was made up of Summit County men. and went into the service with the following officers: Paul T. Kirby, Captain; G. R. Lentz. First Lieutenant. and J. J. Agard, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Kirby resigned December 2. 1862. Lieutenant Lentz resigned August 1, 1862. -Lieut. Agard was

1862, to Captain June 19, 1863, and honorably discharged January 27, 1865. Albert Upson was promoted from First Sergeant to Second Lieutenant February 9, 1862. to First the regiment. Wesley Upson was promoted from Third Sergeant to Second Lieutenant Jannary 2, 1863, and to First Lieutenant July 2, 1864. J. S. Cochran was promoted from

The re-organization of the Nineteenth took place at Camp Dennison, and, by the 7th of November, 1861, it was fully armed and equipped and ready for the field. It left camp on the 16th and proceeded to Louisville, Ky., by way of Cincinnati, and was the first regiment to go into Camp Jenkins, five miles from Louisville. It remained here, in command of Gen. O. M. Mitchell, until the 6th of December, when it moved to Lebanon, Ky., and thence to Columbia, where it arrived on the 10th, and was brigaded with the Fifty-ninth Ohio, Second and Ninth Kentucky Infantry and Haggard's Regiment of Cavalry, Gen J. T. Boyle commanding.

The following pleasant episode occurred while stationed at Columbia: A beautiful silk flag was received as a present from the ladies of Canton to the Nineteenth. It was presented to the regiment in a neat little speech by Mr. A. Kitt. Capt. Manderson received it, and, in behalf of the Nineteenth, made appropriate acknowledgment.

The Nineteenth, together with the Third Kentucky Infantry, was ordered to the mouth of Renick's Creek, near Burksville, on the Cumberland River, on the 17th of January, returned to Columbia. bia, the men suffered severely from sickness, and a number of the Nineteenth died, among them Lieut. 8. Lentz, of Company HE. The regiment was finally ordered to Nashville, where it arrived on the 10th of March, and went into camp five miles out on the Murfreesboro Pike. On the 18th of March it left Nashville, with its brigade, for Savannah, on the Tennessee River, and on the 6th of April, when within fourteen miles of that place, the heavy booming of cannon was heard in the direction of Pittsburg Landing, and the troops started on the double-quick, hoping to get there in time to participate in the battle. But owing to a lack of transportation, it was dark before they arrived, and the dreary, rainy night was spent in line on the battle-tield.

fight, the Nineteenth took an active part. Gen. Boyle, who commanded the brigade, said of the Nineteenth : "The Colonel and Capt. Manderson (acting Major) held their men steady, and deported themselves, as did their officers and men, with coolness and courage, until the Colonel ordered them back to a position from under the fire of the enemy's battery. This position was held until the guns of the enemy were silenced by the well-directed fire of Capt. Bartlett's battery. Maj. Edwards, acting Lieutenant Colonel, was shot dead from his horse, and a number of privates were killed and wounded." Aimong the killed and wounded of the gallant Nineteenth. were Privates O. T. Powell and Horace H. Bailey, of Company C, and Corporal-W. E. Gibson, of Company H. killed ; Lieut. William A. Sutherland, of Company H. severely wounded.

' the 29th of May, with the army. and on the 3d _ of June marched in pursuit of the enemy, pro- - ceeding as far as Brownsboro, when it returned _ to Iuka and joined Gen. Buell's forces. It on the 8th, in time to witness a portion of that battle, but not to participate. Upon the retreat of the rebel army from Kentucky, the Nineteenth marched through Somerset and Glasgow, to Gallatin, Tenn., where it remained two weeks on provost duty, then joined its division at the "Hermitage," and, passing through Nashville, went into camp near its old quarters on the Murfreesboro turnpike. It moved with advance on Murfreesboro. In command of Maj. Charles F. Manderson, it was thrown across Stone River on the 31st, with a view of swinging around into Murfreesboro, but the disaster of McCook's right wing compelled its withdrawal, and, recrossing the river, it passed to the right, and by a determined resistance, aided to check the advance of the rebels. Under the personal lead of Gen. Rosecrans, Beatty's brigade charged the enemy, drove him about threefourths of a mile, and held the position until relieved by Col. M. B. Walker's brigade. On the 2d of January, 1863, the Nineteenth, with its division, crossed Stone River, and received the charge of the rebel column under Gen. Breckenridge. but the pursuing rebels coming under the range of the masked artillery, were driven back over the river and beyond it with great slaughter. The Nineteenth Ohio and the- Ninth Kentucky were the first to cross Stone River, and with the assistance of men of other regiments, captured four pieces of artillery from the famous Washington (La.) battery. The regiment suffered severely in this battle. It entered it with 449 men, rank and file. and lost in killed, wounded and missing, 213. nearly one-half. Upon the fall of Murfreesboro, the regiment went into camp on the Liberty turnpike. The whole army remained at Murfreesboro until the 29th of June. during which time the Nineteenth guarded an ammunition train to Manchester, and thence proceeded to MecMinnville. where it remained until the 16th of August. It then crossed the Cumberland Mountains to Pikeville. and with the division passed over Lookout Mountain to Lee & Gordons Mills. arriving on the 13th of September. At Crawfish Springs, the regiment had a brisk skirmish with the rebels. in which several men were killed and wounded.

Seventeenth Kentucky, ordered to advance upon the enemy. With a cheer they advanced, drove the enemy and captured a rebel battery, with some prisoners. In the second day's battle, the Nineteenth held an important position, and performed its full share of hard fighting. Asa proof of the gallantry of the regiment, a private of Company G received severe wounds during the first day's battle. Capt. Irwin received a wound from which he afterward died, Lieut. McHenry was also severely wounded. The aggregate loss was 100 men killed, wounded and missing. At Orchard Knob, on the 23d of November, the Nineteenth

- lost one man killed and thirteen wounded. . Was next sent with Sherman toward Knoxville. _ This march was one of unexampled severity. . The men were ragged and shoeless, and their snowy ground. Finding that Gen. Longstreet had raised the siege of Nashville. the army moved to Strawberry Plains and Flat Creek. Here, on the 1st of January, 1864, 400 of the Nineteenth re-enlisted as veteran volunteers,

January, the three years' regiment was mustered out, and the veterans mustered into service for another three years. It then returned home on furlough, reaching Cleveland on the i6th of February. Upon the expiration of their furlough, they returned immediately to tue front. arriving at Knoxville on the 24th of March. The first active duty of the Nineteenth was in the Atlanta campaign. which opened on the 6th of May, and the regiment was seut to Parkers Gap. to hold that pass. On the 2Uth. it rejoined its brigade. and. moving with the column. it participated in the fight at New Hope Chureh. in which it lost forty-four killed and wounded. Capt. Brewer. of Company E. was killed: Maj. Nash lost his left hand. and Capt. Smith. of Company G. was severely wounded. It was engaged at Kenesaw. at Peach Tree Creek. and at the crossing of the Chattahoochie River. and was under fire daily up to the evacuation of Atlanta. The regiment participated in the action of Lovejoy Station and lost seventy men killed and wounded. Capt. Miller. of Company I. was killed: Col. Manderson was severely wounded. also Capt. Agard. of Company K. The entire loss of the Nineteenth in the Atlanta campaign was, killed, two commissioned officers and twenty-eight men; wounded. six commissioned officers and ninety-six men; missing. thirteen men ; total. 145. Lieut. McHenry. of Company I, was killed in front of Atlanta on the 24th of Au-

Gen. Thomas' command. left Atlanta and marched toward Nashville to aid in opposing Hood. At the battle of Franklin, on the 29th of October, it was held in reserve. It participated in the battle of Nashville, with slight loss, and then followed in pursuit of the demor-

River. On the 5th of January, 1865, the regiment was at Huntsville, Ala., where comforta- Col. Manderson resigned March 17, from physical disability.

'and Col. Stratton having resigned some months earlier, Maj. Nash was promoted to Lieutenant ' Colonel, and remained in command of the regiment until mustered out. From Huntsville, it

The Twenty-ninth Infantry contained a large number of men from this county, some of whom served in the old Nineteenth under its three months' organization. Of the Twentyninth, Companies D, G and H may be termed Semmit County companies (as we learn from in the county. with the following commissioned officers: P. C. Hard, Captain; B. F. Perry, First Lieutenant, and J. H. Grinnell, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Hard did not leave camp with the regiment, but resigned early. June 20, 1862. Lieut. Grinnell was promoted to First Lieutenant May 25. 1864, and honorably discharged June 14, 1864. George W. Dice was made First Lieutenant April 13, 1862, promoted to Captain May 25, 1864, and killed June 16, 1864. Company G was organized with John 8S. Clemmer, Captain ; James Treen, First Lieutenant, and J. J. Wright, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Clemmer was promoted to Major December 31, 1861, and resigned December 12, 1862. Lieut. Treen was promoted to Captain October 1. 1862, but, owing to age, was unable to withstand the fatigue incident to soldiering, and resigned May 22, 1863, but left two stalwart sons in the service to represent him. Second Lieut. ~. J. Wright was promoted to Captain December 21, 1861, and honorably discharged October 1, 1862. C. H. Russell was promoted to Second Lieutenant April 13, 1862, to First Lieutenant January 24, 1863, and honorably discharged November 30, 1864. W. F. Chamberlain was promoted to Second

Lieutenant January 24, 1862, to First Lieutenant May 25, 1864, to Captain October 12, 1864, and mustered out with the regiment. Company H was organized with Jonas Schoonover, Captain; A. J. Fulkerson, First Lieutenant, and Henry Mack, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Schoonover was at one time transferred to Company E, Seventh Infantry, but afterward as such was mustered out with it. Lieut. Fulkerson was discharged August 15, 1864. Second Lieut. Mack, owing to ill health, resigned early, and Thomas F. Nash' became Second Lieutenant October 27, 1862. Lieut. Nash was promoted to First Lieutenant May _ 25, 1864, to Captain October 12, 1864. and | transferred to Company E,. and was mustered out with the regiment. D. W. Thomas was _ promoted to First Lieutenant January 6, 1865, | to Captain April 10, 1865, and mustered out | with regiment. Thomas Folger was promoted to First Lieutenant January 6, 1865, was made

_ adjutant of regiment, and, July 12, 1865, promoted to Captain. but as such was not mus- , tered. James B. Storer, present Postmaster of | Akron, was promoted to Second Lieutenant

April 13, 1862, to First Lieutenant January 26, 1863, and became Adjutant of the regiment. From wounds received, disabling him for life, Lieut. Storer was honorably discharged November 30, 1864. Jacob Buck was promoted to First Lieutenant July 12, 1865, and as such mustered out.

Lewis P. Buckley, a resident of Akron, and late Major of the Nineteenth Infantry (three months' service) was appointed the first Colonel of the Twenty-ninth. The following sketch of the life of Colonel Buckley is published in a pamphlet descriptive of the Sol- .

the State of New York, and became a resident of in early life received a military education at West Point - he took considerable interest in the military affairs of Akron and vicinity, at one time holding a commission in one of the independent companies of the village, his entire life, after coming to Akron, was devoted to civil pursuits, until the breaking-out of the rebellion, about two years of the intervening time (from 1849 to 1851) being spent upon the Pacific coast at Sacramento City. On the call of President

Lincoln, in April. 1861, for three months' troops, Mr. Buckley, though the disease which finally terminated his life was even then beginning to develop itself, promptly responded to the call, and raised a | company in Akron, with which he reported to Camp

With nine other companies, raised in Northeastern Ohio, one of which was also from Akron, on the 27th of May they proceeded. by rail to Camp Jack- | son, near Columbus, where they were or, anized | into the Nineteenth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer . Infantry, Capt. Buckley being elected Major of the

; ceeded to Camp Goddard, near Zanesville, to_perfect themselves in drill. Remaining there until the 20th of June, the Nineteenth proceeded to West Virginia, where it became incorporated in Gen. |

_ Rosecrans' Brigade, and a part of Gen. McClellan's : "Provisional Army of West Virginia."' ' port of the battle of Rich Mountain. Gen. Rose-

In his recrans, in one portion. says: "The Nineteenth deployed into line and delivered two splendid volleys, when the enemy broke;'' and, in another portion: and handsome manner in which it held its post against a flank attack. and for the manner in which it came into line and delivered its fire, near the close of the action."

On the mustering-out of the three months' men. about the Ist of August, 1861, Maj. Buckley immediately set himself to work, under the auspices of Hon. Joshua R. Giddings, to raise a regiment for the three years' service. So promptly was this done, that the Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp Giddings. near Jetfferson, Ashtabula County, August 26, 1861, with Maj. Buckley as its Colonel. This regiment, as a part of the Army of the Potomac. participated in the battles of Winchester, March 23, 1862: Port Republic, June 9-12. 1862. and Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862. the gallantry of its Colonel being conspicuous throughout. Following. with his regiment. the varied fortunes of the Army of the Potomac. during the balance of the year 1862, the rapidly declining health of Col. Buckley compelled him to reluetantly resign his command and return home, his resignation taking effect January 26, 1863. * * * * * * On returning to Akron, though a constant sufferer from the disease that was preying upon him, he rendered valuable aid during the remainder | of the war, at the close of which, on the recom-

, but soon became so feeble that he was compelled to | | accept the leave of absence tendered him, and return home to die, struggling bravely and hopefully to the last, his death, from consumption, occurring Thursday, June 25, 1868, at the age of sixty-four years. The funeral of Col. Buckley was the largest | and most imposing ever held in on. It was attended by the entire Masonic fraternity of Summit

Lewis P. Buckley was a faithful friend, a true patriot, a brave soldier. Let us cherish his virtues, by naming after him the Post of which we, as soldiers, are members, and by erecting in his honor, properly inscribed and adorned, a beautiful window in the magnificent memorial chapel which we, as soldiers and citizens, this day dedicate.

ington, where he arrived August 20, and, after a short visit home, returned to his regiment. In the battles of Cedar Mountain and the Second Bull Run the Twenty-ninth took part, and acquitted itself with honor. From the latter battle until that of Chancellorsville, the regi-

Giddings. near Jefferson, Ashtabula County, August 26, 1861, and was among the first to answer the President's call for three years' service. Owing to the many difficulties by which it was surrounded, it was the 25th of December before it was ready for the field. It then proceeded to Camp Chase, where it remained until the 17th of January, 1862, when it was ordered to Cumberland, Md. While at Cumberland, it ty-sixth Ohio, and the One Hundred and Tenth Pennsylvania Regiments, commanded by Col. E. B. Tyler, of the Seventh Ohio. The division to which the brigade belonged was commanded by Gen. Lander until his clecease, about the Ist of March, 1862. when the command passed to Gen. Shields. The troops. including the Twenty-ninth. remained but a few weeks at Cumberland, when it joined the Army of the Potomac. and with it participated in the battle the rebels. under ~ Stonewall" Jackson. were defeated. ninth belonged pursued the enemy all the next day, halting near Cedar Creek, and again on the next day (the 25th) beyond Strasburg some two miles (Nash's notes), when the pursuit was abandoned and the troops returned. Qn the Sth of June, the regimennt participated in the battle of Port Republic, in which a number of prisoners were taken, including Capt. Nash (then Lieutenant in Company H). and taken to Salisbury. North Carolina. Capt. Nash remained a prisoner of war nearly two months, and was then released. He proceeded to Wash-

*We are indebted to Capt. Thomas W. Nash and J. G. Caskey, Esq., members of this gallant old regiment, fur the principal tacts from whicb this sketch is compiled. They have both preserved notes and memoranda of the regiment's movements and operations, which they kindly placed at our disposal, and for which they have our thanks.

he battle lasted four days - lst, 2d, 3d and 4th days of May. On the 2d, both armies seemed to be planning the best mode of attack and defense. A spy gave reliable information concerning the rebels and their plan of attack. Our artillery opened fire in the direction indicated by the spy, and made openings in the woods at every discharge. Limbs and small trees were falling; sharpshooters who | the ground. The ''rebel yell'' and the shrieks of | the wounded were mingled together. About sunwas repulsed with heavy loss.) * * * * * * * | broke and fell back on ours (the Twelfth), and, un- | der a cross-fire from the rebels we suffered severely. | But the reserves were brought up and the enemy were checked. * * * * * That night at dark | we were in close action. It was very pretty, but | rather dangerous ftire-works. On Monday night our army commenced to retreat, and fell back to our © old camp.

About the last of May we had a grand review of the Potomac Army. Gen. Green was reviewingofficer, and we were marched four miles from camp in the sand on the banks of the Potomac. The weather was hot and dry and the roads dusty. ; Gen. Green had brought his wife and daughters . down from Washington tosee us. They werenicely | ensconced in their carriage, and we were * hoofing"' it back and forth through the sand, almost choked © for water - for it was a part of the red-tape of the occasion that we were not allowed to leave rank to ! get water or fill our canteens. Finally, we were ready to pass the reviewing-officer, the line wa nearly by, when one of the General's daughters called to him, saying: *'Trot'em round again. papa; © I like to see them."' I don't know whether it was |, wicked to swear about that time or not. If it was, | the boys were very wicked. We didn't trot round | again, all the same.

was one of the severest battles of the entire war. The cannonading commenced early on the morning of July 2, 1863, and for two whole days the fighting continued almost constantly, when, on the morning of the 4th, it was ascertained that the rebels had retreated. This was the last service of the Twenty-ninth in the Army of the Potomac. On the 25th of September, it proceeded via Washington, Colum-

_ on the 24th of November it participated in the . battle of Lookout Mountain, the famous * fight | above the clouds." where. in the language of

Like spirits of destruction through the clouds, And mid a thousand hurtling missiles swept Their foes before them as the whirlwind sweeps The strong oaks of the forest."

The regiment re-enlisted the latter part of December. 1863. and came home on a forlough of thirty days. At the expiration of that time. it returned to the front. and on the 4th of May. 1864. it joined the Atlanta campaign, and during those days of arduous service, it bore its part with its accustomed bravery. During the entire campaign. until the fall of Atlanta. the regiment was almost constantly under arms. and engaged much of the time in fighting and skirmishing. On the 15th of November. the Twenty-ninth left Atlanta with Sherman on his march to the sea, and bearing its part in all the marches and skirmishes. It remained in North and South Carolina until the close of the war.

_ when, on the 29th of April, 1865, it proceeded | to Washington City, via Richmond. | ington it took part in the grand review. and on | the 10th of June started for Louisville. Ky.. _ where it remained in camp until the 13th of | July ; then went to Cleveland, Ohio. and, on

Bloom, served as such, the first three named rising to the rank of Captain. Chamberlain was honorably discharged on the 23d of September, 1864 ; Carr declined to accept a captaincy. and Hancock was mustered out as Captain with the regiment.

This regiment formed part of the brigade raised by Senator Sherman. and was organized at Camp Buckingham. near Manstield, in November. 1861. The Sixty-fourth and Sixtytifth Regiments of Infantry. and the Sixth Independent Battery. comprised the Sherman Brigade. The Sixty-fourth served in Keuntucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi. Louisiana and Texas. It witnessed the battle or Perryville. Ky.. without being permitted to participate in it. It was at Stone River wher it lost heavily. In the Tullahoma campaign. in which it took an active part. it lost over on» hundred men. The siege of Knoxville was another service in which it was engaged. Th» the regiment re-enlisted for another three vear~ service. At the expiration of its veteran furlough. it reported at Chattanooga. and accompanied Gen. Sherman in his Atlanta campaign, participating in all the battles of that stirrinz period. The Sixty-fourth also took part in the battles of Franklin and Nashville - the closin<: battles of the war. After the war ended. it wis sent to Texas, where it remained on duty until the 3d of December, 1865. and it was then mustered out. sent home. and paid off and discharged.

The One Hundred and Fourth Infantry drew a large number of men from Suminit. County. Company H, entire. and several other parts of companies were recruited here. Company H entered the field officered as followed Walter B. Scott. Captain: Hobart Ford. First Lieutenant, and Samuel F. Shaw, Second Lientenant. Capt. Scott died March 25. 1863, and Lieut. Ford was promoted to Captain in his place. but afterward placed on detached duty on Gen. Cox's staff. Second Lieut. Shaw was promoted to First Lieutenant May 29. 1863. and detached at his own request. First Sergt. B. L. Robertson was promoted to Second Lieu. tenant February 26, 1863, to First Lieutenant May 9, 1864, and to Captain May 11. 1865, but mustered out as a First Lieutenant. Secomi

This regiment was organized at Camp Massillon in 1862. counties of Summit, Stark, Portage and Columbiana, and was mustered into the United States | toward Lexington. and being its first march. was very severe on the men. It reached Lexington on the morning of the 15th of October. just after the rear guard of the rebels had evacuated the city. It remained here until the 6th of December, perfecting itself in drill and discipline. and with such success as to carry off the palm in a competitive drill of the forces at that place. On the 6th of December, the regiment. with its brigade. resumed its

The rebel General, Kirby Smith, | was then menacing Cincinnati, and the One : Hundred and Fourth acted as the outpost of | In a few days it was sent to Fort Mitchell, near by, where the advanced ' A slight . | Skirmish followed. in which the regiment lost - , one man killed and five wounded - the first and ; only blood spilled in defense of Cincinnati. On ' the 12th of September, the One Hundred and | Fourth marched in pursuit of the rebel army march, and on the evening of the 7th, arrived at _ Richmund, Ky., where the command. compris- | ing the One Hundredth. Forty-fourth and One © ty, but, beyond light skirmishing, nothing oceurred. From Danville it went to Frankfort, the State capital, where it performed provost duty, until the 21st of February. 1863. While the brigade was in Frankfort. the Forty-fourth Ohio was mounted. The regiment started for ued to operate in that portion. of Kentucky until the first of September, when it joined (ren. Burnside's army in East Tennessee, arriving at

Before leaving Kentucky, the One Hundred and Fourth had been placed in the First Brigade, Third Division, Twenty-third Army Corps, under Gen. Hartsuff. The regiment, with its brigade, after a short rest at Knoxville, was sent to Cumberland Gap, where it arrived on the 7th of September. Gen. Burnside demanded the surrender of the place, which was complied with by Gen. Frazier, the commandant, who surrendered his entire force as prisoners of war.

of Knoxville by Gen. Longstreet, where it was | held in reserve, but being ordered to the south ' side of Holston River, it had an engagement in . which the enemy was repulsed. During the © siege it bore its part of active duty, and suffered severely from exposure and privation. Its rations were limited and inferior in quality ; the weather was co!d, drizzly and disagreeable,

Fourth Ohio, with the national army, joined in . the pursuit of Longstreet, and followed him up . to Blain's Cross Roads, participating in the | and privations like those suffered by our Revolutionary forefathers at Valley Forge. Halfstarved, half-clad, those brave boys and selfsacrificing men maintained their integrity to - in all the general engagements of that stirring period. In the desperate assault at Utoy Creek on the 6th of August, the loss of the brigade was 600 killed and wounded ; the One Hundred and Fourth lost twenty-six officers and men killed and wounded. In the latter part of. August it proceeded to Jonesboro, and took part in that engagement, and remained in the vicinity until the fall of Atlanta, when it marched for | Decatur. During the month of October it | operated against Hood's forces, and on the 6th - of November took the cars for Nashville. Un- | til the 26th almost daily skirmishing was had, in which it lost several men. It participated in the battle of Franklin on the 30th, in which it lost sixty men killed and wounded. Lieut. | Kimball, of Company C, and Capt. Bard, of Company I, were killed in this battle. After the battle, the regiment marched with the national forces to Nashville, bearing with it eleven battle-flags captured from the enemy. It reached Nashville on the morning of December 1, and took position in the front near Fort Negley. Nothing of note occurred until the 15th, - except the intense suffering of the men from | cold weather. It moved with the corps to which it belonged, on the 15th. to the right to support the cavalry, and had a brisk skirmish in which several men were killed. Atter the rebel works were taken, the regiment moved in pursuit of the enemy and did not stop, except a short halt at Columbia, until it reached Clifton, Tenn.. on the 6th of January, 1863. .

it embarked on a steamer for Cincinnati. and, on the 22d, took the cars for Washington City, and thence was transferred to North Caro- | lina, arriving at Federal Point on the 9th of , February. During the remainder of the month it was actively engaged, skirmishing with the enemy much of the time, and on the 4th of : March it made a forced march to Kingston to the relief of Gen. Cox, who was threatened by | overpowering numbers.

The regiment proceeded to Goldsboro from | Kingston, where it arrived on the 21st of March, | and where it remained until the 11th of April, , when it went to Raleigh. At the grand review | in Raleigh on the 21st of April, the regiment received some high compliments from Gen. Sherman and others for their etticiency in drill and soldierly bearing. It remained in Raleigh © until May 2, when it was selected by Gen. Cox, commanding the corps, to repair to Greensboro and receive the arms and stores of Gen. John- | ston'sarmy. Itremained in Greensboro as pro- | vost guard until the 17th of June, 1865, when | it was mustered out and ordered to Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, for final pay and discharge. It arrived in Cleveland on the 24th, and, on the 27th of June, was paid off and mustered out. .

The One Hundred and Seventh Infantry contained nearly half a company from Summit County. This was a German regiment, and was made up under special authority from Governor Tod, to serve under Gen. Sigel. Company I was made up in this and Tuscarawas County, and of the first commissioned officers the First Lieutenant was from the latter county, while the Captain and Second Lieutenant were from Summit. The company was organized

Starkweather, First Lieutenant, Bechtel. Second Lieutenant. and Lieut. Starkweather both resigned early ; Lieut. Bechtel resigned December 8, 1862. George Billow, of Akron. was promoted to Second Lieutenant November 30, 1862. to First Lieutenant December 1. 1863. and to Captain November 3. 1864. and as such was mustered out at the close of the war. Capt. Billow served but little with his company after his promotion to Captain. but was detached as Brigade Commissary, Post Commissary and as Provost Marshal.

This regiment, as we have said. was composed wholly of Germans, and was organized at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland. in the latter part of August, 1862. It was ordered to Coyington. Ky., to repel an expected attack of the rebel Gen. Kirby Smith. In November it was ordered to Virginia, where it was assigned to the Eleventh Army Corps, commanded by Gen. Sigel. It served in Virginia until the 1st of August, 1863, taking part in all the principal battles of that period, including Chancellorsville. It was in this battle that the Eleventh Corps was flanked by Stonewall Jackson, in which disastrous affair the One Hundred and Seventh suffered severely, losing 220 officers and men killed, wounded and prisoners. It also participated in the battle of Gettysburg, where

1864. It served in this department. scouting, foraging and skirmishing with the enemy, until the close of the war. While on a scout near Georgetown, S. C., it received the news of the A few weeks later. it proceeded to Charleston, where it performed provost duty, until the 10th of July, 1865, when it was mustered out, sent home to Cleveland, where it was paid off and discharged.

The One Hundred and Fifteenth Infantry was well represented by Summit County men. Companies C and G were raised in this county, with perhaps some twenty men in Company I. The commissioned officers of Company C were John A. Means, Captain; John Eadie, First Lieutenant ; and George L. Waterman, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Means was mustered out with regiment at the close of its service. Lieut. Eadie was promoted to Captain, but

Ely was promoted from Third Sergeant to Second Lieutenant February 8, 1865, and was lost on the steamer Sultana. The first commissioned officers of Company G were A. W. Fitch, Captain; D. A. Lowry, First Lieutenant ; and A. L. Conger, Second Lieutenant. In the organization of the regiment, Capt. Fitch was promoted to Major. This led to a promotion of the Lieutenants of Company G - Lowry to Captain. and Conger to First Lieutenant. Sum- Maj. Fitch was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel July

Lowry was lost on steamer Sultana April 27, 1865; Lieutenant Conger was mustered out with regiment ; Lieut. Nash was promoted to First Lieutenant August 11, 1864, and as such mustered out with the regiment. M. S. Hurd was promoted from First Sergeant, to Second Lieutenant August 11, 1864. Of the men in Company I from this county, Capt. Edward Buckingham, late County Auditor, is the only commissioned officer among them, so far as we can learn. He went out as First Lieutenant, and was promoted to Captain February 8, 1863, and in that position was mustered out at the close of the war.

1862, and mustered into the United States service on the 18th of September. October 4, it received orders to report to Gen. Wright at Cincinnati. where, on the 9th, it was divided - five companies, under command of Lieut. Col. Boone, was sent to Columbus (Camp Chase) to perform guard duty. The remaining five companies, under command of Col. Lucy, remained in Cincinnati, acting as provost guard. The remainder of its history, during its service, is thus given :

In November, 1862, the battalion at Columbus was ordered to Maysville, Ky., under command of Col. Lucy, leaving Lieut. Col. Boone in command of the battalion at Cincinnati. In December, the battalion at Maysville was ordered to Covington,

1863. It was then relieved, and ordered to report to Gen. Rosecrans, at Chattanooga, Tenn. Reaching Murfreesboro, it was ordered to report to the Post Commander for duty. Part of the regiment was at once mounted and sent out against the guerrillas, then infesting the country between Nashville and Tullahoma. In June, 1864, that part of the regi- Ment not mounted was stationed on the line of the

' Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, in block-houses, ; to prevent the guerrillas from destroying it. August, | 1864, Block-House No. 4, in command of Sergt. : Flohr, of Company B, was captured by the forces killed and seven wounded out of the detachment of forty men. In this attack the rebels were handsomely repulsed, and failed in their desperate at- Shortly after this killed, and three men wounded. During Hood's advance on Nashville, in December, 1864, Block-Houses Nos. 1, 3and4 were assaulted by a large force of rebels under Forrest, and their garrisons, consisting of parts of Companies C, F and G, captured. The garrisons of Block-Houses Nos. 5 and 6 were, by order of Gen. Thomas, withdrawn to Murfreesboro.

not venture outside. The garrison of Block-House No 2, under command of Lieut. Harter, was assaulted December 9, 1864, by the enemy, with three | pieces of rifled artillery, and a continuous fire kept , ' up from 9 o'clock in the morning until dark. Two | of the garrison were killed and five wounded. Un- | the national side there was one killed and three | wounded. The garrison of Murfreesboro, at this | time, consisted of a battalion of the One Hundred | and Fifteenth Ohio, and the Fourth and Twenty- ; ninth Michigan Regiments, undercommand of Gen. |

On April 25, 1868, Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio, captured by the rebels at Block-Houses 1, 3 and 4, in December, 1864, was on board the ill-fated steamer Sultana, which exloded on the Mississippi River, near Memphis, belonged to Companies B, C, F and G. These un- | fortunate men were on their way to Columbus, Ohio, ' having been paroled forthat purpose. The regiment uty on the line of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, from Nashville to Tullahoma, until the 23d of June, 1865, when it was mustered out of the service, and received its final discharge and pay at Cleveland July 7, 1865.

The One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Infantry contained a fractional part of a company from this county, in which Capt. J. J. Wright, formerly of the Twenty-ninth Infantry, was Second Lieutenant. The regiment was organized in the latter part of the summer of 1863, at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland. and mustered into the service for six months. Its service. during the term of its enlistment, was principally in Southeastern Kentucky and East Tennessee. Although but a six months' regiment. it saw hard service. It was mustered out at

The three companies forming the battalion, were A, B and C, and were mustered into the service (one hundred days) with the following commissioned officers: Company A - N. L. Everett, Captain; D. W. Storer, First Lieutenant, and C. R. Howe, Second Lieutenant. Com- from Seneca County. The consolidation was effected on the 6th of May, 1864, and the regiment became the One Hundredth and Sixtyfourth Volunteer Infantry National Guard. It was mustered into the United States service on the 11th of May; was armed and equipped, and on the 14th, left Cleveland for Washington City, where it arrived on the 17th. It was commanded by Col. John Calvin Lee, who was brevetted Brigadier General at the close of the war for meritorious services, and, later, was Lieutenant Governor (two terms) with Gov. (now ex-President) Hayes. Upon the arrival of the regiment in Washington, it took position in the defenses on the south side of the Potomac, and during its one hundred days' service, garrisoned Forts Smith, Strong. Bennett, Hag- - garty and other forts. It was very thoroughly drilled, both in infantry and heavy artillery tactics. During Gen. Early's invasion. the One Hundred and Sixty-fourth was kept on duty almost constantly, and every night was spent either on the advance or beside the guns. At the expiration of its term of enlistment, the regiment received the thanks of President Lincoln for the service it had performed. and returned to Cleveland via Baltimore, Harrisburg and Pittsburgh, where. on the 27th of August, it was mustered out of the service and discharged.

The Second Cavalry drew on Summit County for a large humber of men. Company A was made up in this county. while several other companies were more or less represented by Summit County recruits. The commissioned officers of Company A were George A. Purington. Captain; Dudley Seward, First Lieutenant. and M. J. Collier. Second Lieutenant. Capt. Purington was promoted to Major September 24. 1861, to Lieutenant Colonel June 25, 1863. and to Colonel. but as such was not mustered, and retired from the service at the end of three years. First Lieut. Seward was promoted to Captain September 30. 1861. to Major September 18, 1862. to Lieutenant Colonel May 9, 1864. and to Colonel June 20. 1865. and as such mustered out with the regiment. Second Lieut. Collier was promoted to First Lieutenant May 10, 1861. and mustered out by the consolidation. and afterward commissioned Major of the Twelfth Cavalry. Henry O. Hampson, Orderly Sergeant. was _pro-

1862. Sergt. A. N. Bernhard was promoted to Second Lieutenant December 20, 1861, to First Lieutenant July 15, 1862,to Captain February 17, 1863, transferred to Company K, and honorably discharged November 29, 1864. Sergt. L. J. McMurray was promoted to Second Lieutenant May 9. 1863, and honorably discharged September 6. 1864. Capt. Purington was in the Nineteenth (three months) Infantry, as Orderly Sergeant. and was promoted to Second Lieutenant ; and Seward was in the same regiment as Third Ser- | geant.

The Second Cavalry saw hard service and a - great deal of it. From its organization as a regiment to its muster-out at the close of the war, © its duties were varied,and extended over a vast Says Whitelaw Reid in his * Ohio in the War :" " The Second fought under the following general officers: Buell, Wright, Hunter, Denver, Sturgis. Blunt. Salomon, Curtis, Schofield, Burnside, Carter. Gilmore, Shackelford. Foster, Kautz, Sedgwick, Wilson. McIntosh, Torbett, Sheridan. Custer, Meade and Grant. troopers have bathed in, the waters of the Arkansas, Osage. Cygnes. Missouri. Mississippi. Ohio, Scioto. Miami, Cumberland, Tennessee, Holston. Potomac, Shenandoah. Rappahannock.

Chickahominy. James, water, Nottaway and Chesapeake. It has campaigned through thirteen States and a Territory : Kansas, Missouri. Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana. Ohio, Kentucky. Tennessee. Georgia, Alabama. West Virginia, Maryland, Virginia and Indian Territory. It has traveled as 1 regiment on foot. horseback. by railroad and steamboat. on land. river. bay and ocean. It has marched an aggregate distance of twenty-seven thousand miles: has fought in ninety-seven battles and engagements. It has served in five different armies: The Army of the Frontier. of the Missouri. of the Potomac, of the Ohio. and of the Shenandoah - forming a continuous line of armies from the head-waters of the Arkansas to the mouth of the James: and its dead. sleeping where they fell. form a vidette-line half fore leaving Cleveland. Early in January, 1862, it received orders from the War Department to report to Gen. Hunter at Platte City, Mo., and at once proceeded to that place. Upon its arrival there, it spent several weeks in scouting the Missouri border. On the 22d of February, a scouting party from the Second.

tary of War. It rendezvoused at Camp Wade. near Cleveland, where, on the 10th day of October. the last company was mustered in, and the regiment was ready for duty. wholly in what is known as the « Western Re- northern part of the State. it contained "a large proportion of wealth, intelligence, capacity and culture." In the last of November. the regiment was ordered to Camp Dennison, where it received sabers and continued in the tory, where three regiments of loyal Indians. mounted on ponies and armed with squirrel rifles, joined the command. Later, the column moved trom Baxters Springs southward. and on the 8th of July went into camp at Flat Creek. Indian Territory, and, shortly after. the Second formed part of the force which captured Fort Gibson. In the early part of August, the command moved to Fort Scott. where it ar- At this time. it was found * that there were less than two hundred and fifty serviceable horses in the Second, many of the men were sick. and a numfever. probably produced by the excessive heat to which they were exposed.'* The regiment.

from the Second to man, temporarily. a light battery. Six months later, the detail was made a transfer by the War Department, and constituted the Twenty fifth Ohio Battery. The mounted portion of the Second, early in September, with the Twenty-fifth Battery, moved, which was successful, and the dismounted portion of the regiment, in November, moved by rail to Camp Chase, to remount and refit for the field, and the mounted portion followed in December, after the capture of Prairie Grove. While at Camp Chase, the Second received new arms and equipments, fresh horses and sixty recruits, and, during the winter, made great progress in drill and discipline. In to the Second. This battalion was then serv- | ing in Kentucky, and Maj. Purington was sent - to assume command until it should join the | . hours, at Russellville, losing forty men killed

Lexington, was joined by the new battalion. With but an occasional reconnaissance, the Second remained quietly in camp at Somerset un- . In the early part of June, : four companies of the Second formed part of a | raider twelve hundred miles, through three States, marching twenty-four hours out of twenty-four, living wholly upon the gifts of the people for twenty-seven days, and finally sharing in the capture at Buffington's Island. After the raid, the Second re-assembled at Cincinnati, from which point nearly the whole regiment was furloughed by Gen. Burnside, in recognition of its endurance and gallantry." The Second re-assembled and re-fitted at Stanford, Ky.,

Tennessee. It was here brigaded with the Second East Tennessee, Ninth Michigan, and Seyenth Ohio Cavalry, Col. Carter, Second East Tennessee, commanding. On the 5th and 6th of September, the regiment made a forced

Gen. Rosecrans, then in command of the Army of the Cumberland. It marched thirty miles toward Knoxville, when it was suddenly ordered back to the front, and, on its return, found an engagement in progress, in which it at once took part, but without any serious results. A little later, it participated in the battle of Blue Springs. Late in October, as Longstreet advanced, the Second fell back, with other cavalry, to Russellville, and then to the vicinity of Cumberland Gap, and engaged Wheeler's cavalry. During the siege of Knoxville, it operated on the enemy's flank, and, when the siege was raised, joined in the pursuit of the rebels. On the 2d of December, it engaged Longstreet's cavalry at Morristown, and, on the and wounded. On the 6th, it was at the front five hours in the battle of Bean Station, and, for the next five days, was almost constantly under fire. After a few days rest, the cavalry crossed the Holston River and moved to Mossy Creek, where the time was spent in skirmishing and maneuvering until January 1, 1864, when, | of +70 men then composing the regiment, 420 | re-enlisted, and were sent home ou veteran furlough.

again ready for the front. point was Mount Sterling, Ky.. but, soon after, it was ordered to Annapolis, Md., where it arrived on the 29th of March. On the 13th of April, it was reviewed by Lieut. Gen. Grant, Gens. Burnside, Washburn and Meigs. On the 22d, the regiment moved to Camp Stoneman, D. C., and, by the 30th, was mounted, armed and equipped. It moved out of camp on the lst of May. and on the 3d arrived at Warrenton Junction, where it reported to Gen. Burn- campaign of the Wilderness, it was employed | covering the right flank of the infantry almost | constantly, either on picket or skirmishing. By |

' Gen. Early made an attack at 3 o'clock, P. M., ' and at sundown, the division fell back; the _ Second Battalion and two companies of the _ Third Battalion of the Second Ohio, acting as of the Potomac, and on the 29th it reported to Brig. Gen. J. H. Wilson, commanding Third Cavalry Division, and was by him assigned to the First Brigade, commanded by Brig. Gen. J. B. McIntosh. On the 31st, the division crossed the Pamunkey, and the First Brigade advanced on Hanover Court House, where a severe engagement took place, in which the Second bore a prominent part. The next day, a portion of the First Brigade, including the Second Ohio, proceeded to Ashland, where the entire force was soon surrounded by Gen. Fitz Hugh Lee, and a heavy engagement took place, which lasted till sundown, when, under the cover of night, the national forces withdrew, the Second covering the retreat. From this time to the crossing of the James, it was engaged in picketing and fighting on the right of the army from Hanover Court House to Cold Harbor. It crossed the James on the 17th of June, and the next day encamped with the division on the Blackwater. It took an active part in the fights of Nottaway Court House, Stony Creek and Ream Station, losing one hun- | dred men and five officers killed, wounded and of July. Early in August, the division to which the Second belonged went to Washington City, and on the 13th moved to Winchester, in the Shenandoah Valley, where it arrived on the 17th. The division was ordered to act as rear guard, and to hold the town until dark. |

Gen. Early | again attacked on the 19th, and, after a sharp fight, the regiment retired to Charlestown, when it was again attacked by Early, on the 22d, and the Second was closely engaged. From Charlestown, the army retreated to Harpers Ferry. The Second, with its division, went to the right, | and was twice engaged with the enemy. The | division was, on the 26th of August, ordered | to Boonesboro, and the Second encamped twenty-four hours on the South Mountain bat- | tle-field, marched over Antietam, and re-crossed the Potomac at Shepherdstown. It was in the skirmish at Berryville, Va., on the 30th, and in the early part of September was engaged with its division in picket duty on the left of Sheridan's army. On the 13th, Gen. MclIntosh's Brigade (including the Second) was ordered toward Winchester. With the Second in front, the brigade charged Early's cavalry, driving it back, and the Second Ohio, with the aid of the Third New Jersey, captured an entire regiment of infantry. The Secretary of War made especial mention of the gallantry of the two regiments in this exploit. McIntosh's brigade at the battle of Opequon, was ordered to capture a line of hills between the Opequon and Winchester, which was accomplished after four hours' hard fighting. In the retreat of Early's army, the Second was the last regiment to leave the pursuit on the Valley Pike. For several weeks it was almost continually engaged fighting and skirmishing. Gen. Custer assumed command of the division to which the Second belonged at Bridgewater. It shared in the battle of Cedar Creek on the 19th of October, and was present on the Valley Pike, when Sheridan came to the front on his " famous ride | After the battle, the regiment performed picket duty until the Ist of Novenber, when it fell back to Kernstown. It | was engaged in active duty until the 28th of | December, when it went into winter quarters on | the Romney Pike, one and a half miles from ~ Winchester, where it remained until the 27th | of February, 1865.

On the 27th, it started with Sheridan's cav- . alry on the last raid of the war. Near the | town of Waynesboro, Custer's division captured the remainder of Early's army. In this en- . gagement, the Second Ohio captured five pieces of artillery, with a large amount of military | stores, together with 650 prisoners, for which it _ received the thanks of Gen. Custer on the field. It continued to do its share of duty until the 20th of March, when, after resting a few days. Sheridan's cavalry joined the Army of the Potomac, and entered on the closing campaign of the war. After the surrender of Gen. Lee, the regiment, with its division, was ordered to | North Carolina, but, upon receiving information | of the surrender of Gen. Johnston, it returned | to Petersburg. The division soon moved to | Washington Citv, and, immediately after the grand review, the Second Ohio was ordered to

September. | its papers were made out. and then returned to | Camp Chase, Ohio. and, on the 11th of Octo- | ber, 1865, was paid otf and discharged. | The Sixth Ohio Cavalry drew a number of | men from this county. but not enough to form a | company. Of the Summit County men. the \ present Auditor. Mr. Aaron Wagoner. was the | only commissioned ofticer. He was promoted | to Second Lieutenant on the 8th of April, 1865. | The Sixth was a splendid regiment. and saw | much hard service. Reid closes his sketch of | it in the following words: * During the last , six months of its campaigning. it was under | command of a Captain. as it had not a field of | ficer with it. nor in its organization. Nearly all of its veteran officers were mustered out of service in November, 1864.* and not a sufticient number of men were on the rolls to have them replaced ; but. in a regiment composed of material like this. it made little difference whether they were commanded by a Captain or a Brevet Brigadier. As a nemrspuper regiment. it has not much history. Its record shows best in the rolls of the killed and wounded. and the long list of its honorable engagements." But our space will not allow of a more extended men- - tion of this gallant regiment.

The Sixth Ohio Independent Battery was | made up principally in Summit County. and formed a part of the "Sherman Brigade." The commissioned officers were C. Bradley. Cap- | tain ; O. H. P. Ayres and J. P. McElroy. First : Lieutenants; A. C. Baldwin and E. 8. Fergu- ' son. Second Lieutenants. Capt. Bradley was - mustered out January 17, 1865; Lieut. Ayres - died July 8. 1864. from wouncs received in the Atlanta campaign; Lieut. McElroy resigned March 10, 1864 ; Lieut. Baldwin was promoted to Captain, and as such mustered out with the | battery ; Lieut. Ferguson resigned November ° ¢, 1862.

This battery was organized at Camp Buckingham, near Mansfield, and mustered into the service on the 20th of November, 1861. It comprised four ten-pound Parrot guns. and two sixpound bronze Rodmans. Capt. Bradley is mentioned as an experienced artillery officer, and had his battery in good trim for active service before leaving Camp Buckingham. The battery and the brigade to which it belonged moved. on the 15th of December. to Louisville, Ky.. and thence by steamer to Nashville, where - they reported to Gen. Buell on the 20th. The brigade was here scattered to different localities. and the battery found its way into Camp Gilbert. near the city. where. for some twenty days. it was occupied in perfecting its drill and getting ready for the field. It received orders. on the 12th of January. 182. to report to (ren. Boyle. at Columbia. Ky., and arrived there on the 15th. where it took a position blockading the Cumberland River. The battery was divided. Lieut. McElroy's section remaining at Columbia. while the other was taken to Jamestown. Ky.. there reporting to Col. Thomas EK. Bramlette. The battery remained on duty here until the fall of Nashville. when. with the Third Kentucky. Nineteenth Ohio. and Cul. Woolford's cavalry. it proceeded to Nashville. where it arrived on the 19th of March. At Nashville. it was placed in the artillery reserve. commanded by Col. Barnet. First Ohio Light Artillery. and marched with the army to Pittsburg Landing. arriving on the loth of April. and going into camp on the battle-field. [t was ordered to report to Brig. Gen. Wood on the 29th of April, with whom it served until the close of the war. It moved with the army on Corinth. and entered that place on the 31st of May. after its evacuation by the rebels. June 1. it moved across Northern Alabama, arriving On the 18th. it marched to Stevenson. Ala.. where it went into camp on the 21st of August. when it joined Buell's forces in their great race after Bragg to Louisville, Ky. They arrived at Louisville on the 28th of September, and. after a rest of three days, the line of march was again resumed. It proceeded out the Bardstown turnpike and reached Rolling Fork on the 8th of October, where it was saluted with the roar of battle at Perryville, only seven Later in the day, it marched with its divisic~ to the battle-field. but was compelled to be mere spectators of the battle. ° After an unsuccessful pursuit of the enemy, the national forces returned to Nashville, arriving on the 26th of November.

: times brought it in contact with Gen. Wheeler's - Rebel Cavalry. It participated in the battle of Stone River, and other battles incident to the capture of Murfreesboro, which was entered on the 4th of January, 1863. In the battle of the 31st of December, the battery lost two of its guns, but had the good fortune to re-capture _ them. It lost severely in the several days' fight- | _ ing. After the battle, the following members | of the Sixth Battery were specially mentioned | for gallantry: First Sergt. G. W. Smelts; | Sergts. Hust, Miller, Howard, Casey and Hartman; Corporals Collins, Tool, Kimberk and ' Scott; Privates Evans, Kirby and Robbinett. In the battle of Chickamauga, which was | fought on the 19th of September, the battery | participated and again lost heavily. Among | enlisted as veterans, and started home Janu- | ary 1, 1864, on furlough - the non-veterans be- ; ing transferred to the Twentieth Ohio Battery. | they added one hundred men to their ranks. | Upon the return of the battery to the front. its | first active duty was in the Atlanta campaign, | in which it operated with Gen. Wood's (Third) | Division, Fourth Army Corps, and during the | 120 days of that brilliant march, was almost | constantly engaged. Corporal William Mat. : thews was mortally wounded at Dallas, and the | next day Bugler Whitney was killed by sharp- | At Kenesaw Mountain, on the 19th | position before Kenesaw, and was highly com- | plimented by Gen. O. O. Howard for accurate | firing. The battery expended 250 rounds of ammunition in a charge made on the 27th. On _ the 6th of July, Lieut. Ayres was wounded by | a rebel sharp-shooter, from the effects of whieh he died on the 8th. From the 13th to the 25th, the city of Atlanta. August 25, it formed part of the flanking movement to Jonesboro, and | - took part in all the subsequent operations, and | on the 9th of September it entered Atlanta, and while here was re-equipped for the field. - It moved with the Fourth Corps on the 3d of October after Gen. Hood, who had commenced his march to the rear of Atlanta. Capt. Bradley being away on leave of absence, the command of the battery devolved on First Lieut. A. C. Baldwin. It participated in the battle of Franklin on the 15th of December, of which action, says Whitelaw Reid, "Eighteen stands of colors were taken on the battery-front during the battle, and the rebels so crowded the embrasure that Private Jacob Stinebaugh resorted to the use of axes and picks with success. In this battle the battery lost William B. Welch, mortally wounded, and four others slightly. Welch fell into the hands of a Mrs. Bentley, of Franklin, who kindly nursed him, regardless of rebel opposition, and when he died saw him

' properly buried, with head-board and inscription, and a representation of the flag he so nobly fought under cut upon the board." In the second day's battle before Nashville, the battery | went into position in front of Overton's Hill, eight miles from the city, and engaged Sandford's Mississippi rebel Battery, completely silencing it. It joined in the pursuit of the re- | treating rebels to the banks of the Tennessee | River, and then marched for Huntsville, Ala., | where it arrived on the 15th of January, 1865. | It made a severe march to Eastport, Miss., in : February, but before reaching that place, it was ordered back to Huntsville, where it remained | in quarters until the close of the war. It re- | turned to Ohio in the latter part of August, | and, on the Ist of September, 1865, was mus- | tered out of the service. It lost by death from | wounds, sixteen; by disease, twenty-six ; dis- | charged by reason of disease, thirty ; of wounds, | four ; by expiration of service, twenty-one ; re- | enlisted as veterans, sixty-six. {

The First Light Artillery (Col. James Bar- | net, of Cleveland), was represented by a bat- | tery or company from this county. Battery | D was recruited by Capt. Andrew J. Konkle, | and was made up in Summit County. The original commissioned officers of Battery D | were Andrew J. Konkle, Captain; Paul F. Rhoerbacher, L. P. Porter, Senior and Junior | First Lieutenants ; and W. H. Pease, Henry C. | Lloyd, Senior and Junior Second Lieutenants. | Capt. Konkle was promoted to Major of the First Artillery on the 8th of September, 1863, and was honorably discharged August 8, 1864. Lieut. Rhoerbacher resigned January 1, 1862 ; Lieut. Porter resigned August 28, 1863 ; Lieut. | Pease was promoted to First Lieutenant Jan- | uary |, 1862, to Captain July 30, 1864, and mustered out with battery ; Lieut. Lloyd was mustered out October 23, 1863; Sergt. N. M. Newell was promoted to Second Lieutenant January 1, 1862, to First Lieutenant July 13, 1863, and mustered with battery ; Sergt. M. G. Ransom, promoted to Second Lieutenant July 13, 1863, and resigned April 15, 1864; Henry C. Grant was promoted to Second Lieutenant March 30, 1863, and transferred to Battery A, to First Lieutenant May 2, 1865. and mustered out with battery; Sergt. Josiah Brown was promoted to Second Lieutenant May 9, 1864, and transferred to Battery E. At the general muster-out, the commissioned officers were Giles J. Cockerill, Captain; J. H. Rees, William Edwards, Senior and Junior First Lieutenants; W. M. Welcher, Cornelius Linehan, Senior and Junior Second Lieutenants.*

The First Artillery was originally organized under the old militia law of 1860. Immedi- - ately after the fall of Fort Sumter, it was ordered to Columbus, and thence to Marietta. It was afterward ordered to Virginia, where it served until its expiration of three month's service, when it was ordered to Columbus for muster-out. It was at once re-enlisted for three years, and for this organization it was that Capt. Konkle's Battery D was recruited, and mustered into the service in September, 1861. It left Camp Dennison on the 1st of November, and on the 10th, reported to Gen. Nelson at Mount Sterling, Ky. It was with Nelson until the 29th, when it reported to Gen. A. | M. McCook, at Munfordville, Ky. In Febru- | ary, 1862, it was again ordered to report to Gen. Nelson, at Elizabethtown, but soon re- | turned to its old quarters at Munfordville, | and thence proceeded with Gen. McCook to Nashville. With the Fourth Division it moved to Pittsburg Landing, thence to Corinth, and on the 30th of June it was at Athens, 'la. July 30, the battery moved from Columbia, Tenn., with Gen. Nelson's command, to Lebanon, Ky., and in September, at Munfordville, it | was overwhelmed by the enemy, and its entire force and material captured. The men were pa-| roled and sent home to Ohio, remaining at Camp Chase until January, 1863, when they were exchanged. The battery was re-organized and equipped at Columbus, and joined the Third Brigade of the Fourth Division. Twenty-third Army Corps, at Lexington, Ky., in March. It it marched with Gen. Burnside's army to Cumberland Gap, and took part in the capture of that rebel stronghold. It participated in the siege of Knoxville, and, immediately after the up principally in this county. missioned officers were H.S. Wetmore. Captain ; L. P. Barrows, First Lieutenant. and John M. Hinde, Second Lieutenant.

H. B. York was promoted to Captain. and in that position, mustered out with the battery. This battery was organized at Camp Wood Cleveland, on the 11th of October, 1861. It was first fitted out as a four-gun battery, with two ten-pounders and two twelve-pound howitzers, but afterward became a full six-gun battery. It served in Kentucky until the Ist of January, 1863, and participated in several hard fights. It was at Cumberland Gap and at Mill Springs. For its gallantry at the latter place,

Gen. Thomas, which had been captured from the enemy at Cumberland Gap. During the retreat of the national forces from the Gap across the State to the Ohio River, in September and October, 1862, the Ninth Battery performed the most arduous duty. Placed in charge of a train, on the safety of which the whole retreat depended, the battery felt like sacrificing themselves to a man rather than permit it to be captured, and on this determination it acted during the whole of that retreat. On the 26th of January, 1863, the battery received land at Nashville, where it arrived on the 1st of February. and where it remained until the 6th of March, when it moved out to Franklin and took position with the right wing of the Army of the Cumberland. On the 21st of November, the battery was assigned to the First Division, Twelfth Corps, Department of the Army of the Cumberland. Four men of the battery were captured by guerrillas on the 23d of December, who treated them inhumanly - tying their hands behind them, shot them and threw their bodies into the Elk River. Two of them, however escaped, by getting their hands loose and swimming to the shore - one died the next day. The other, James W. Foley, of Hudson, was permanently disabled in the right leg.* Under a general order of the Army of the Cumberland, an assessment of $30,000 on the neighborhood, was made for the benefit of the families of the three murdered men. In February, 1864, about three-fourths of the battery re-enlisted, and returned home on furlough. On the 9th of April it reported at Tullahoma, with an aggregate of 151 men, having received a number of recruits while at home. In May, it acted with It went

This comprises a sketch of the regiments which were represented by full companies from Summit County, so far as we have been able to learn them. In compiling these sketches of different regiments, we have drawn freely on "QOhioin the War,' by Whitelaw Reid. But as it is said to be not wholly free from errors, we have endeavored so far as possible to have members of the regiments noticed look over and correct any errors recognizable, in order that injustice may be done to none.

probably exceeded 3,000 men. arms of the service, viz., infantry, cavalry and artillery, were each well represented. The Beacon of July 24, 1862, published the following list of soldiers, in the army at that time, from the different townships: Bath, 27 men; Boston, 89; Copley, 34; Coventry, 26; Cuyahoga Falls, 55; Franklin, 43; Green, 62; Hud- *Reid.

son, 58; Middlebury, 26; Northfield, 42 ; Norton, 15; Northampton, 28; Portage, 203; Richfield, 42; Springfield, 51 ; Stow, 22; Tallmadge, 44, and Twinsburg, 48 - a total of 910 men. The regiments recruited after that date, including drafts and enlistments in old regiments, comprised at least twice as many more. From the Beacon we find that the county was twice subjected to a draft, but each time the number selected through the means of " fortune's wheel" was small. The first draft occurred in October, 1862, and resulted as follows, by townships: Bath, 7; Copley, 27; Coventry, 49; Franklin, 59; Green, 26; Hudson, 8; Northampton, 7; Norton, 40; Northfield, 7; Portage, 49; Richfield, 29; Stow, 1; Springfield, 42, and Twinsburg, 7 men. Townships not mentioned made up their respective quotas by voluntary enlistments. The next draft took place on the 7th of May, 1864, as follows: Bath, 2; Cuyahoga Falls, 5; Boston, 3; Copley, 14; Coventry, 1; Franklin, 11; Hudson, 4+; Middlebury, 4; Northampton, 13; Norton, 13; Springfield, 2; Stow, 6, and Tallmadge, 4 men. It is no reproach to the valor of Summit County that it was twice drafted. Many loyal and brave counties were drafted more than twice. Calls were made so often for soldiers that it was impossible to fill them as fast as made, and often before one quota was complete, another call was before the people. great wonder is that men volunteered as freely as they did, notwithstanding the justness of the cause in which they were engaged. When we | view the war in its full magnitude, it seems an | event. well calculated to discourage the most | A war that in four years called for | the following troops: April 15, 1861, 75,000 |

April 22, 1864, 100 days' militia; July 18, 186+, 500,000 ; December 19, 1864, 300,000, is without parallel in modern history, and the alacrity with which these calls were responded to is as unparalleled as the gigantic proportions of the war itself. When we take all this into consideration, it is not in the least strange that a few of these calls should be filled by draft ; nor is it, as we have said, any reproach or re- their country, memorials have been erected in different parts of the county, which are intended to symbolize the affection of surviving friends. These memorials consist of monuments, chapels, ete., and are city or township affairs, and will receive appropriate mention elsewhere in this work. Not being erected by the county at large, a notice of them does not really belong in this chapter, but in the chapters devoted to the townships in which they are located.

, war deserves more than a mere passing mention. We allude to the active part borne by _ the noble women of the country. Their deeds deserve to be written in characters of gold. ' Love and devotion to the unfortunate and heart-felt pity for the woes of suffering humanity. are among their strongest characteristics. Their kindly smiles of sympathy break through tones rise amid the sighs of suffering and sorrow. Hundreds and thousands of these noble, self-sacrificing women, like ministering angels, took their places in camp and hospital, where many a brave soldier had cause to thank God for their presence. They went forth, braving all the dangers incident to the times and the place. with the expressed sentiment that if they died their loss would not be felt.

loss when such spirits fall. those who went forward to nurse and care for the sick and wounded was all the good accomplished that is accredited to female hands. Those who remained at home performed a good work, «the half of which has not yet been ' told," but the results of which was felt by ' many a poor worn-out soldier. ; The Soldiers' Aid Society. _ ladies, was an early organization formed for the _ benefit of the soldiers in the field, and was pro- | ductive of great good. Says Whitelaw Reid | upon this subject: " Efforts of the people in be- | half of their soldiers may be gathered from | records of their organized action through the | medium of aid societies, sanitary commissions, , Christian commissions, soldiers' fairs, etc., some | names of the fortunate ones whose privilege it | was to work as the almoners of the people's | bounty; some traces of the more public dem- | onstrations. But the real history of the work will never be written, never can be written, per- - haps never ought to be written. Who shall in- : trude to measure the love of the mothers, and | sisters, and wives, at home for the soldiers in the field? Who shall chronicle the prayers . and the labors to shield them from death and disease? Who shall speak worthily of that -

| God's work might be done in the battle for liberty and right.' The Cincinnati branch of the Sanitary Commission was the most extensive relief association in the State. A soldiers' aid society was a State organization, with branches in each county. It found a ready response among the ladies of Summit County. An organization, auxiliary to the State Aid Society, was formed in Akron, with branches in each township, which was instrumental in accomplishing a noble work. The following extract is from a soldier's letter, published at the time. and is illustrative of this good work: ~It was about 5 oclock in the afternoon when I arrived in the hospital. Soon after my entrance, I was stripped and bathed in a large tub of tepid water, shown to bed, and a nice clean white shirt and a pair of drawers were given me. I soon encased my tired limbs in my new wardrobe, and while doing so my eyes caught sight of the words 'From the Woman's Aid Society. stamped in black ink on each garment. I lay down, pulled the blanket over my head and thought of my situation. Here I am in a hospital. prostrated with disease, worn out in body and mind. over eight hundred miles from any spot I can call home. my own mother and sister long since dead ; but the noble-hearted women of the North - those angels of mercy - are supplying the place of mother and sister. not only to me, but to thousands of suffering soldiers from every State. Presently I felt two large tears coursing down my cheeks and running into my mustache, followed by myriads of others dropping on the sheet under my chin, forming in- | numerable little salt-water pools. When well, I am a strong man, and it requires some sud- | den and deep grief to bring me to tears ; but tears of gratitude flowed from me that evening as freely as drops of rain from an April cloud ; and, like a spoiled child, I cried myself to | sleep. This is but one instance, and how many other soldiers of the armies of the Union could tell the same story !

The Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society was formed in Akron early in the summer of 1861, and continued in active operation until the close of the war. As we have said, the real history of its work can never be written. Funds were raised by fairs, festivals, mite societies, etc., and as soon as raised were invested in such articles as the fair ones, and many a prayer for their happiness was breathed by the recipients of these timely favors. But we will not pursue the subject. Full justice to these angels of mercy | cannot be done in our limited space. We will , only add, in conclusion of the chapter, a hope "that their efforts may never again be called into play in a similar contest.

gazed on nations then unborn. and heard the cry of those who. in all ages, even at the "ends of the earth," groaned beneath the yoke of sin. Then, for the redemption. He gave to His cisciples those commands which in later years have caused His people to widely spread God's glorious truth. When from Atlantic's coast, even irom Plymouth Rock, the Star of Empire first

Cross of Calvary. In the broad valley of the Mississippi, destined to become the home of a greater nation than any Cesar ever ruled. the solitary settlers rejoiced to hear those early mes- ' gengers proclaim the ~ glad tidings of great joy, or wept at the story of Pilate, the crown _ of thorns, and the agonies of Golgotha and _ Calvary.

| The introduction of Christianity into the wilderness of Ohio was coeval with the settlement of the territory. Pioneer preachers and | ministers, sent out by missionary societies of - the older settled States of the East, wandered - to the Ohio Territory, when few human beings, other than Indians, were to be found within its limits. And what is now Summit County was, in this respect, equally blest with other portions of the Western country. themselves, came missionaries, many of whom devoted years of energy and faithful labor to says: "Mr. Badger came out and examined his field of labor in 1800, and so well pleased was he with the prospect, that he returned, resigned his charge in Blanford, where he had labored fourteen years, and removed his family to the almost trackless wilderness.

aud the Indians of Sandusky and Maumee. He was not only a preacher of peace, but a man of war. He was in Harrison's army during the war of 1812, and at the siege of Fort Meigs. In 1833, he tired of increasing civilization, and removed to Wood County, Ohio, where he died in 1846." Rev. Mr. Badger established the first church, of which we have any record, in

Summit County, on the 4th of September, 1802, at the house of Mr. Hudson, in Hudson Township. The society consisted of thirteen persons, not one of whom but has been called to account for "the deeds done in the body." A full history of this pioneer church will be found in the chapter devoted to Hudson.

The pioneers of Summit County had been brought up under the rigid system of Puritanism, imbibed, as it were, from Plymouth Rock itself, and hence, when they came to "New Connecticut," as this region was then called, these religious principles were still held, and most scrupulously guarded. A writer upon this subject, whose ripe scholarship and vast experience entitles his opinion to some weight, says: "They brought to this new land a religious spirit that eagerly seized upon 'The Reserve,' as a means to propagate a theology that had hitherto flourished only within the rockbound limits of New England. In their native manded the unquestioning respect of parents and children for many generations ; opposition had been thrust out, and the people began to feel, like the Jews of old, that they were es,ecially aided of God, and that they alone had kept the faith undefiled. But, hitherto, it had not been successfully transplanted, and, when the 'Western Reserve' was placed in the control of those 'to the manor born,' a prominent thought in their minds was that now favorable circumstances were to aid in transplanting the Puritan faith to a spot peculiarly guarded, from which its influence, like the light, should dispel the the darkness, and make the Church of New England the church universal. Accepting the dogma of 'original sin,' they got beneath the denunciatory preaching of their native land, with a meekness that was satisfied, if, by the rigid rule of practice laid down, they might, peradventure, be saved. But under this quiet exterior, there was a true war-like spirit, and the mind of each member of the church, that had reached maturity of thought, was an arsenal of theological weapons. At church meetings, in the social circles, and on the street, the ponderous themes of ' election,' 'fore-ordination,' 'the perseverance of the saints,' and kindred subjects, were prominent topics, and wielded with a power and an address that vividly recalls the physical combat of medieval times. On coming to the new country, how- ever, these characteristics experienced a change. The standing army had been mobilized, and each member was imbued with the enthusiasm of a crusader, but they found here an enemy, to suhdue whom their arsenal held no adequate weapon. Their fulminations of the decrees were met with an appeal to commonsense philosophy ; dogmas were met with the demand for freedom of thought ; and the result here, as in many a physical conflict, was that the light-armed forces completely demoralized those strong only in their defensive armor, and forced them to accept, and, in the end, to champion, that freedom of thought that they had early learned to denounce as heresy." admit of more than a passing glance in this The early missionaries and pioneer preachers, as we have said, came to the county with the early settlers themselves. Rev. David

Bacon was one of these pioneer soldiers of the | Cross, and the next minister in this section, per- | haps, a Mr. Badger. He established a "Church | of Christ." in Tallmadge, in 1809. This early | temple of God consisted of ten members, five | males and five females, and, " having no meeting-house. they met in private houses and barns." Of the church, established by Mr. Bacon, Gen. Bierce says: "Imbued with the spirit of New England theology, Mr. Bacon conceived the project of transplanting it into the Western world.