Henry County, Illinois - The whole text, 1885 (part 4 of 31)

Quartermaster-General of the State, which position he held throughout the war. In 1864 he took command as Colonel of the 137 th 111. Vol. Inf., with whom he served until the period of enlistment expired.

Politically, Gov. Wood was always actively identified with the Whig and Republican parties. Few men have in personal experience comprehended so many surprising and advancing local changes as vested in the more than half century recollections of Gov. Wood. Sixty-four years ago a solitary settler on the "Bluffs,-' with no family, and no neighbor within a score of miles, the world of civilization away behind him, and the strolling red-man almost his only visitant, he lived to see growing around him, and under his auspices and aid, overspreading the wild hills and scraggy forest a teaming city, second only in size in the State, and surpassed nowhere in beauty, prosperity and promise ; whose people recognize as with a single voice the proverbial honor and liberality that attach to the name and lengthened life of their pioneer settler, "the old Governor."

Gov. Wood was twice married, - first in January, 1826, to Ann M. Streeter, daughter of Joshua Streeter, formerly of Salem, Washington Co., N. Y. They had eight children. Mrs. W. died Oct. 8, 1863, and in June, 1865, Gov. Wood married Mrs. Mary A., widow of Rev. Joseph T. Holmes. Gov. Wood died June 4, 1880, at his residence in Quincy. Four of his eight children are now living, namely: Ann E., wife of Gen. John Tillson; Daniel C, who married Mary J. Abernethy; John, Jr., who married Josephine Skinner, and Joshua S., who married Annie Bradley. The last mentioned now resides at Atchison, Kansas, and all the rest are still at Quincy.

ICHARD YATES, the "War Governor," 1 86 1-4, was born Jan. 18, 1818, on the banks of the Ohio River, at Warsaw, Gallatin Co., Ky. His father moved in 1831 to Illinois, and( after stopping for a time in Springfield, settled at Island Grove, Sangamon County. Here, after attending school, Richard joined the family. Subsequently he entered Illinois College at Jacksonville, where, in 1837, he graduated with first honors. He chose for his profession the law, the Hon. J. J. Hardin being his instructor. After admission to the Bar he soon rose to distinction as an advocate.

Gifted with a fluent and ready oratory, he soon appeared in the political hustings, and, being a passionate admirer of the great Whig leader of the West, Henry Clay, he joined his political fortunes to the party of his idol. In 1840 he engaged with great ardor in the exciting " hard cider " campaign for Harrison. Two years later he was elected to the Legislature from Morgan County, a Democratic stronghold. He served three or four terms in the Legislature, and such was the fascination of his oratory that by 1850 his large Congressional District, extending from Morgan and Sangamon Counties north to include LaSalle, unanimously tendered him the Whig nomination for Congress. His Democratic opponent was Maj. Thomas L. Harris, a very popular man who had won distinction at the battle of Cerro Gordo, in the Mexican War, and who had beaten Hon. Stephen T. Logan for the same position,

It was during Yates' second term in Congress that the great question of the repeal of the Missouri Compromise was agitated, and the bars laid down for reopening the dreaded anti-slavery question. He took strong grounds against the repeal, and thus became identified with the rising Republican party. Consequently he fell into the minority in his district, which was pro-slavery. Even then, in a third contest, he fell behind Major Harris only 200 votes, after the district had two years before given Pierce 2,000 majority for President.

The Republican State Convention of 1 860 met at Decatur May 9, and nominated for the office of Governor Mr. Yates, in preference to Hon. Norman B. Judd, of Chicago, and Leonard Swett, of Bloomington, two of the ablest men of the State, who were also candidates before the Convention. Francis A. Hoffman, of DuPage County, was nominated for Lieutenant Governor. This was the year when Mr. Lincoln was a candidate for President, a period remembered as characterized by the great whirlpool which precipitated the bloody War of the Rebellion. The Douglas Democrats nominated J. C. Allen of Crawford County, for Governor, and Lewis W. Ross, of Fulton County, for Lieutenant Governor. The Breckenridge Democrats and the Bell-Everett party had also full tickets in the field. After a most fearful campaign, the result of the election gave Mr. Yates 172,196 votes, and Mr. Allen 159,253. Mr. Yates received over a thousand more votes than did Mr. Lincoln himself.

Richard Yates

most critical period of our country's history. In the fate of the nation was involved that of each State. The life struggle of the former derived its sustenance from the loyalty of the latter; and Gov. Yates seemed to realize the situation, and proved himself both loyal and wise in upholding the Government. He had a deep hold upon the affections of the people, won by his moving eloquence and genial manners. Erect and symmetrical in person, of prepossessing appearance, with a winning address and a magnetic power, few men possessed more of the elements of popularity. His oratory was scholarly and captivating, his hearers hardly knowing why they were transported. He was social and convivial. In the latter respect he was ultimately carried too far.

The very creditable military efforts of this State during the War of the Rebellion, in putting into the field the enormous number of about 200,000 soldiers, were ever promptly and ably seconded by his excellency ; and the was ambitious to deserve the title of "the soldier's friend." Immediately after the battle of Shiloh he repaired to the field of carnage to look after the wounded, and his appeals for aid were promptly responded to by the people. His proclamations calling for volunteers were impassionate appeals, urging upon the people the duties and requirements of patriotism ; and his special message in 1863 to the Democratic Legislature of this State pleading for material aid for the sick and wounded soldiers of Illinois regiments, breathes a deep fervor of noble sentiment and feeling rarely equaled in beauty or felicity of expression. Generally his messages on political and civil affairs were able and comprehensive. During his administration, however, there were no civil events of an engrossing character, although two years of his time were replete with partisan quarrels of great bitterness. Military arrests, Knights of the Golden Circle, riot in Fulton County, attempted suppression of the Chicago Times and the usurping State Constitutional Convention of 1862, were the chief local topics that were exciting during the Governor's term. This Convention assembled Jan. 7, and at once took the high position that the law calling it was no longer binding, and that it had supreme power; that it represented a virtual assemblage of the whole people of the State, and was sovereign in the exercise of all power necessary to effect a peaceable revolution of the State Government and to the re-establishment of one for the "happiness, prosperity and freedom of the citizens," limited only by the Federal Constitution. Notwithstanding the law calling the Convention required its members to take an oath to support the Constitution of the State as well as that of the general Government, they utterly refused to take such oath. They also assumed legislative powers and passed several important "laws!" Interfering with the (then) present executive duties, Gov. Yates was provoked to tell them plainly that " he did not acknowledge the right of the Convention to instruct him in the performance of his duty."

In 1863 the Governor astonished the Democrats by " proroguing " their Legislature. This body, after a recess, met June 2, that year, and soon began to waste time upon various partisan resolutions ; and, while the two houses were disagreeing upon the question of adjourning sine die, the Governor, having the authority in such cases, surprised them all by adjourning them " to the Saturday next preceding the first Monday in January, 1865 ! " This led to great excitement and confusion, and to a reference of the Governor's act to the Supreme Court, who decided in his favor. Then it was the Court's turn to receive abuse for weeks and months afterward.

During the autumn of 1864 a conspiracy was detected at Chicago which had for its object the liberation of the prisoners of war at Camp Douglas, the burning of the city and the inauguration of rebellion in the North. Gen. Sweet, who had charge of the camp at the time, first had his suspicions of danger aroused by a number of enigmatically worded letters which passed through the Camp postoffice. A detective afterward discovered that the rebel Gen. Marmaduke was in the city, under an assumed name, and he, with other rebel officers - Grenfell, Morgan, Cantrell, Buckner Morris, and Charles Walsh - was arrested, most of whom were convicted by a court-martial at Cincinnati and sentenced to imprisonment, - Grenfell to be hung. The sentence of the latter was afterward commuted to imprisonment for life, and all the others, after nine months' imprisonment, were pardoned.

In March, 1873, Gov. Yates was appointed a Government Director of the Union Pacific Railroad, in which office he continued until his decease, at St. Louis, Mo., on the 27th of November following.

ICHARD J. OGLESBY, Governor 1865-8, and re-elected in 1872 and 1884, was born July 25, 1824, in Oldham Co., Ky., - the State which might be considered the " mother of Illinois Governors." Bereft of his parents at the tender age of eight years, his early education was neglected. When 12 years of age, and after he had worked a year and a half at the carpenter's trade, he removed with an uncle, Willis Oglesby, into whose care he had been committed, to Decatur, this State, where he continued his apprenticeship as a mechanic, working six months for Hon. E. O. Smith.

In 1844 he commenced studying law at Springfield, with Judge Silas Robbins, and read with him one year. He was admitted to the Bar in 1845, and commenced the practice of his chosen profession at Sullivan, the county seat of Moultrie County.

The next year the war with Mexico was commenced, and in June, 1846, Mr. Oglesby volunteered, was elected First Lieutenant of Co. C, Fourth Illinois Regiment of Volunteers, and participated in the battles of Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo.

On his return he sought to perfect his law studies by attending a course of lectures at Louisville, but on the breaking out of the California "gold fever " in 1849, he crossed the plains and mountains to the new Eldorado, driving a six-mule team, with a company of eight men, Henry Prather being the leader.

In 1852 he returned home to Macon County, and was placed that year by the Whig party on the ticket of Presidential Electors. In 1856 he visited Europe, Asia and Africa, being absent 20 months. On his return home he resumed the practice of law, as a member of the firm of Gallagher, Wait & Oglesby. In 1858 he was the Republican nominee for the Lower House of Congress, but was defeated by the Hon. James C. Robinson, Democrat. In i860 he was elected to the Illinois State Senate ; and on the evening the returns of this election were coming in, Mr. Oglesby had a fisticuff encounter with " Cerro Gordo Williams," in which he came out victorious, and which was regarded as " the first fight of the Rebellion." The following spring, when the war had commenced in earnest, his ardent nature quickly responded to the demands of patriotism and he enlisted. The extra session of the Legislature elected him Colonel of the Eighth Illinois Infantry, the second one in the State raised to suppress the great Rebellion.

He was shortly entrusted with important commands. For a time he was stationed at Bird's Point and Cairo ; in April he was promoted Brigadier General ; at Fort Donelson his brigade was in the van, being stationed on the right of General Grant's army and the first brigade to be attacked. He lost 500 men before re-inforcements arrived. Many of these men were from Macon County. He was engaged in the battle of Corinth, and, in a brave charge at this place, was shot in the left lung with an ounce ball, and was carried from the field in expectation of im- mediate death. That rebel ball he carries to this day. On his partial recovery he was promoted as Major General, for gallantry, his commission to rank from November, 1862. In the spring of 1863 he was assigned to the command of the 16th Army Corps, but, owing to inability from the effects of his wound, he relinquished this command in July, that year. Gen. Grant, however, refused to accept his resignation, and he was detailed, in December following, to court-martial and try the Surgeon General of the Army at Washington, where he remained until May, 1864, when he returned home.

1864 was held at Springfield, May 25, when Mr. Oglesby was nominated for the office of Governor, while other candidates before the Convention were Allen C. Fuller, of Boone, Jesse K. Dubois, of Sangamon, and John M. Palmer, of Macoupin. Wm. Bross, of Chicago, was nominated for Lieutenant Governor. On the Democratic State ticket were James C. Robinson, of Clark, for Governor, and S. Corning Judd, of Fulton, for Lieutenant Governor. The general election gave Gen. Oglesby a majority of about 31,000 votes. The Republicans had also a majority in both the Legislature and in the representation in Congress.

Gov. Oglesby was duly inaugurated Jan. 17, r865. The day before the first time set for his installation death visited his home at Decatur, and took from it his only son, an intelligent and sprightly lad of six years, a great favorite of the bereaved parents. This caused the inauguration to be postponed a week.

1865 were the election of ex-Gov. Yates to the United States Senate, and the ratification of the 13th amendment to the Constitution of the United States, abolishing slavery. This session also signalized itself by repealing the notorious "black laws," part of which, although a dead letter, had held their place upon the statute books since 181 9. Also, laws requiring the registration of voters, and establishing a State Board of Equalization, were passed by this Legislature. But the same body evinced that it was corruptly influenced by a mercenary lobby, as it adopted some bad legislation, over the Governor's veto, notably an amendment to a charter for a Chicago horse railway, granted in 1859 for 25 years, and now sought to be extended 99 years. As this measure was promptly passed over his veto by both branches of the Legislature, he deemed it useless further to attempt to check their headlong career. At this session no law of a general useful character or public interest was perfected, unless we count such the turning over of the canal to Chicago to be deepened. The session of 1867 was still more productive of private and special acts. Many omnibus bills were proposed, and some passed. The contests over the location of the Industrial College, the Capital, the

During the year 1872, it became evident that if the Republicans could re-elect Mr. Oglesby to the office of Governor, they could also elect him to the United States Senate, which they desired to do. Accordingly they re-nominated him for the Executive chair, and placed upon the ticket with him for Lieutenant Governor, John L. Beveridge, of Cook County. On the other side the Democrats put into the field Gustavus Koemer for Governor and John C. Black for Lieutenant Governor. The election gave the Republican ticket majorities ranging from 35,334 to 56,174, - the Democratic defection being caused mainly by tbeir having an old-time Whig and Abolitionist, Horace Greeley, on the national ticket for President. According to the general understanding had beforehand, as soon as the Legislature met it elected Gov. Oglesby to the United States Senate, whereupon Mr. Beveridge became Governor. Senator Oglesby 's term expired March 4, 1879, having served his party faithfully and exhibited an order of statesmanship beyond criticism.

During the campaign of 1884 Mr. Oglesby was nominated for a "third term" as Executive of the State of Illinois, against Carter H. Harrison, Mayor of Chicago, nominated by the Democrats. Both gentlemen " stumped " the State, and while the people elected a Legislature which was a tie on a joint ballot, as between the two parties, they gave the jovial " Dick" Oglesby a majority of i5,or8 for Governor, and he was inaugurated Jan. 30, 1885. The Legislature did not fully organize until this date, on account of its equal division between the two main parties and the consequent desperate tactics of each party to checkmate the latter in the organization of the House.

Gov. Oglesby is a fine-appearing, affable man, with regular, well defined features and rotund face. In stature he is a little above medium height, of a large frame and somewhat fleshy. His physical appearance is striking and prepossessing, while his straightout, not to say bluff, manner and speech are well calculated favorably to impress the average masses. Ardent in feeling and strongly committed to the policies of his party, he intensifies Republicanism among Republicans, while at the same time his jovial and liberal manner prevents those of the opposite party from hating him.

He is quite an effective stump orator. With vehement, passionate and scornful tone and gestures, tremendous physical power, which in speaking he exercises to the utmost; with frequent descents to the grotesque; and with abundant homely comparisons or frontier figures, expressed in the broadest vernacular and enforced with stentorian emphasis, he delights a promiscuous audience beyond measure.

OHN Mc AULEY PALMER, Governor 1869-72, was born on Eagle Creek, Scott Co., Ky., Sept. 13, 1817. During his infancy, his father, who had been a soldier in the war of 181 2, removed to Christian Co., Ky., where lands were cheap. Here the future Governor of the great Prairie State spent his childhood and received such meager schooling as the new and sparsely settled country afforded. To this he added materially by diligent reading, for which he evinced an early aptitude. His father, an ardent Jackson man, was also noted for his anti-slavery sentiments, which he thoroughly impressed upon his children. In 183 1 he emigrated to Illinois, settling in Madison County. Here the labor of improving a farm was pursued for about two years, when the death of Mr. Palmer's mother broke up the family. About this time Alton College was opened, on the "manual labor " system, and in the spring of 1834 young Palmer, with his elder brother, Elihu, entered this school and remained 18 months. Next, for over three years, he tried variously coopering, peddling and school-teaching.

first canvass for Congress. Young, eloquent and in political accord with Mr. Palmer, he won his confidence, fired his ambition and fixed his purpose. The following winter, while teaching near Canton, he began to devote his spare time to a desultory reading of law, and in the spring entered a law office at Carlinville, making his home with his elder brother, Elihu. (The latter was a learned clergyman, of considerable orginality of thought and doctrine.) On the next meeting of the Supreme Court he was admitted to the Bar, Douglas being one of his examiners. He was not immediately successful in his profession, and would have located elsewhere than Carlinville had he the requisite means. Thus his early poverty was a blessing in disguise, for to it he now attributes the success of his life.

From 1839 on, while he diligently pursued his profession, he participated more or less in local politics. In 1843 he became Probate Judge. In 1847 he was elected to the State Constitutional Convention, where he took a leading part. In 1852 he was elected to the State Senate, and at the special session of February, 1854, true to the anti-slavery sentiments bred in him, he took a firm stand in opposition to the repeal of the Missouri Compromise; and when the Nebraska question became a party issue he refused to receive a re-nomination for the Senatorship at the hands of the Democracy, issuing a circular to that effect. A few weeks afterward, however, hesitating to break with his party, he participated in a Congressional Convention which nomi- T. L. Harris against Richard Yates, and which unqualifiedly approved the principles of the Kansas- Nebraska act. But later in the campaign he made the plunge, ran for the Senate as an Anti-Nebraska Democrat, and was elected. The following winter he put in nomination for the '.United States Senate Mr. Trumbull, and was one of the five steadfast men who voted for him until all the Whigs came to their support and elected their man.

In 1856 he was Chairman of the Republican State Convention at Bloomington. He ran for Congress in 1859, but was defeated. In i860 he was Republican Presidential Elector for the State at large. In 1861 he was appointed one of the five Delegates (all Republicans) sent by Illinois to the peace congress at Washington.

When the civil conflict broke out, he offered his services to his country, and was elected Colonel of the 14th 111. Vol. Inf., and participated in the engagements at Island No. 10 ; at Farmington, where he skillfully extricated his command from a dangerous position ; at Stone River, where his division for several hours, Dec. 31, 1862, held the advance and stood like a rock, and for his gallantry there he was made Major General ; at Chickamauga, where his and Van Cleve's divisions for two hour.s maintained their position when they were cut off by overpowering numbers. Under Gen. Sherman, he was assigned to the 14th Army Corps and participated in the Atlanta campaign. At Peach-Tree Creek his prudence did much to avert disaster. In February, 1865, Gen. Palmer was assigned to the military administration of Kentucky, which was a delicate post. That State was about half rebel and half Union, and those of the latter element were daily fretted by the loss of their slaves. He, who had been bred to the rules of common law, trembled at the contemplation of his extraordinary power over the persons and property of his fellow men, with which he was vested in his capacity as military Governor ; and he exhibited great caution in the execution of the duties of his post.

Gen. Palmer was nominated for Governor of Illinois by the Republican State Convention which met at Peoria May 6, 1868, and his nomination would probably have been made by acclamation had he not persistently declared that he could not accept a candidature for the office. The result of the ensuing election gave Mr. Palmer a majority of 44,707 over John R. Eden, the Democratic nominee.

On the meeting of the Legislature in January, 1869, the first thing to arrest public attention was that portion of the Governor's message which took broad Slate's rights ground. This and some minor points, which were more in keeping with the Democratic sentiment, constituted the entering wedge fjr the criticisms and reproofs he afterward received from the Republican party, and ultimately resulted in his entire aleniation from the latter element. The Legislature just referred to was noted for the introduction of numerous bills in the interest of private parties, which were embarrassing to the Governor. Among the public acts passed was that which limited railroad charges for passenger travel to a maximum of three cents per mile ; and it was passed over the Governor's veto. Also, they passed, over his veto, the " tax-grabbing law " to pay railroad subscriptions, the Chicago Lake Front bill, etc. The new State Constitution of 1870, far superior to the old, was a peaceful " revolution " which took place during Gov. Palmer's term of office. The suffering caused by the great Chicago Fire of October, 187 1, was greatly alleviated by the prompt responses of his excellency.

Since the expiration of Gov. Palmers 's term, he has been somewhat prominent in Illinois politics, and has been talked of by many, especially in the Democratic party, as the best man in the State for a United States Senator. His business during life has been that of the law. Few excel him in an accurate appreciation of the depth and scope of its principles. The great number of his able veto messages abundantly testify not only this but also a rare capacity to point them out. He is a logical and cogent reasoner and an interesting, forcible and convincing speaker, though not fluent or ornate. Without brilliancy, his dealings are rather with facts and ideas than with appeals to passions and prejudices. He is a patriot and a statesman of very high order. Physically he is above the medium height, of robust frame, ruddy complexion and sanguine-nervous temperament. He has a large cranial development, is vivacious, social in disposition, easy of approach, unostentatious in his habits of life, democratic in his habits and manners and is a true American in his fundamental principles of statesmanship.

OHN LOWRiE BEVERIDGE, Governor 1873-6, was born in the town of Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y., July 6, 1824. His parents were George and Ann Beveridge. His father's parents, Andrew and Isabel Beveridge, before their marriage emigrated from Scotland just before the Revolutionary War, settling in Washington County. His father was the eldest of eight brothers, the youngest of whom was 60 years of age when the first one of the number died. His mother's parents, James and Agnes Hoy, emigrated from Scotland at the close of the Revolutionary War, settling also in Washington Co., N. Y., with their first-born, whose " native land "was the wild ocean. His parents and grandparents lived beyond the time allotted to man, their average age being-over 80 years. They belonged to the " Associate Church," a seceding Presbyterian body of

America from the old Scotch school ; and so rigid was the training of young Beveridge that he never heard a sermon from any other minister except that of his own denomination until he was in his 19th year. Later in life he became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which relation he still holds.

Mr. Beveridge received a good common-school education, but his parents, who could obtain a livelihood only by rigid economy and industry, could not send him away to college. He was raised upon a farm, and was in his 18th year when the family removed to De Kalb County, this State, when that section was very sparsely settled. Chicago had less than 7,000 inhabitants. In this wild West he continued as a farm laborer, teaching school during the winter months to supply the means of an education. In the fall of 1842 he attended one term at the academy at Granville, Putnam Co., 111., and subsequently several terms at the Rock River Seminary at Mount Morris, Ogle Co., 111., completing the academic course. At this time, the fall of 1845, his parents and brothers were anxious to have him go to college, even though he had not money sufficient; but, njt willing to burden the family, he packed his trunk and with only $40 in money started South to seek his fortune.

John L. Beveridge

First, he taught school in Wilson, Overton and Jackson Cos., Tenn., in which experience he underwent considerable mental drill, both in book studies and in the ways of the world. He read law and was admitted to the Bar, in the South, but did not learn to love the institution of slavery, although he admired many features of Southern character. In December, 1847, he returned North, and Jan. zo, 1848, he married Miss Helen M. Judson, in the old Clark- Street M. E. church in Chicago, her father at thai time being Pastor of the society there. In the spring of 1848 he returned with his wife to Tennessee, where his two children, Alia May and Philo Judson, were born.

In the fall of 1849, through the mismanagement of an associate, he lost what little he had accumulated and was left in debt. He soon managed to earn means to pay his debts, returned to De Kalb Co., 111., and entered upon the practice of his profession at Sycamore, the county seat. On arrival from the South he had but one-quarter of a dollar in money, and scanty clothing and bedding for himself and family. He borrowed a little money, practiced law, worked in public offices, kept books for some of the business men of the town, and some railroad engineering, till the spring of 1854, when he removed to Evanston, 12 miles north of Chicago, a place then but recently. laid out, under the supervision of the Northwestern University, a Methodist institution. Of the latter his father-in-law was then financial agent and business manager. Here Mr. Beveridge prospered, and the next year (1855) opened a law office in Chicago, where he found the battle somewhat hard; but he persevered with encouragement and increasing success.

Aug. 12, 1861, his law partner, Gen. John F. Farnsworth, secured authority to raise a regiment of cavalry, and authorized Mr. Beveridge to raise a company for it. He succeeded in a few days in raising the company, of course enlisting himself along with it. The regiment rendezvoused at St. Charles, 111., was mustered in Sept. 18, and on its organization Mr. B. was elected Second Major. It was attached, Oct. 11, to the Eighth Cavalry and to the Army of the Potomac. He served with the regiment until November, 1863, participating in some 40 battles and skirmishes : was at Fair Oaks, the seven days' fight around Richmond, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. He commanded the regiment the greater part of the summerof 1863, and it was while lying in camp this year that he originated the policy of encouraging recruits as well as the fighting capacity of the soldiery, by the wholesale furlough system. It worked so well that many other officers adopted it. In the fall of this year he recruited another company, against heavy odds, in January, 1864, was commissioned Colonel of the 17th 111. Cav., and skirmished around in Missouri, concluding with the reception of the surrender of Gen. Kirby Smith's army in Arkansas. In 1865 he commanded various sub-districts in the Southwest. He was mustered out Feb. 6, 1866, safe from the casualties of war and a stouter man than when he first enlisted. His men idolized him.

He then returned to Chicago, to practice law, with no library and no clientage, and no political experience except to help others into office. In the fall of 1866 he was elected Sheriff of Cook County, serving one term; next, until November, 1870, he practiced law and closed up the unfinished business of his office. He was then elected State Senator; in November, 187 1, he was elected Congressman at large; in November, 1872, he was elected Lieutenant Governor on the ticket with Gov. Oglesby ; the latter being elected to the U. S. Senate, Mr. Beveridge became Governor, Jan. 21, 1873. Thus, inside of a few weeks, he was Congressman at large, Lieutenant Governor and Governor. The principal events occurring during Gov. Beveridge's administration were: The completion of the revision of the statutes, begun in 1869; the partial success of the "farmers' movement;" " Haines' Legislature " and Illinois' exhibit at the Centennial.

Since the close of his gubernatorial term ex-Gov. Beveridge has been a member of the firm of Beveridge & Dewey, bankers and dealers in commercial paper at 7 1 Dearborn Street (McCormick Block), Chicago, and since November, 1881, he has also been Assistant United States Treasurer: office in the Government Building. His residence is still at Evanston.

HELBY M. CULLOM, Governor 1877-83, is the sixth child of the late Richard N. Cullom, and Was bom Nov. 22, 1829, in Wayne Co., Ky., where his father then resided, and whence both the Illinois and Tennessee branches of the family originated. In the following year the family emigrated to the vicinity of Washington, Tazewell Co., 111., when that section was very sparsely settled. They located on Deer Creek, in a grove at the time occupied by a party of Indians, attracted there by the superior hunting and fishing afforded in that vicinity. The following winter was known as the " hard winter," the snow [being very deep and lasting and the weather severely cold ; and the family had to subsist mainly on boiled corn or hominy, and some wild game, for several weeks. In the course of time Mr. R. N. Cullom became a prominent citizen and was several times elected to the Legislature, both before and after the removal of the capital from Vandalia to Springfield. He died about

Until about 19 years of age young Cullom grew up to agricultural pursuits, attending school as he had opportunity during the winter. Within this time, however, he spent several months teaching school, and in the following summer he "broke prairie "with an ox team for the neighbors. With the money obtained by these various ventures, he undertook a course of study at the Rock River Seminary, a Methodist institution at Mt. Morris, Ogle County; but the sudden change to the in-door life of a student told severely upon his health, and he was taken home, being considered in a hopeless condition. While at Mt. Morris he heard Hon. E. B. Washburne make his first speech.

On recovering health, Mr. Cullom concluded to study law, under the instruction of Abraham Lincoln, at Springfield, who had by this time attained some notoriety as an able lawyer ; but the latter, being absent from his office most of the time, advised Mr. Cullom to enter the office of Stuart & Edwards. After about a year of study there, however, his health failed again, and he was obliged to return once more to out-door life. Accordingly he bought hogs for packing, for A. G. Tyng, in Peoria, and while he regained his health he gained in purse, netting $400 in a few weeks. Having been admitted to the Bar, he went to Springfield, where he was soon elected City Attorney, on the Anti-Nebraska ticket.

In 1856 he ran on the Fillmore ticket as a Presidential Elector, and, although failing to be elected as such, he was at the same time elected a Representative in the Legislature from Sangamon County, by a local coalition of the American and Republican parties. On the organization of the House, he received the vote of the Fillmore men for Speaker. Practicing law until 1 860, he was again elected to the Legislature, as a Republican, while the county went Democratic on the Presidential ticket. In January following he was elected Speaker, probably the youngest man who had ever presided over an Illinois Legislature. After the session of 186 1, he was a candidate for the State Constitutional Convention called for that year, but was defeated, and thus escaped the disgrace of being connected with that abortive party scheme to revolutionize the State Government. In 1862 he was a candidate for the State Senate, but was defeated. The same year, however, he was appointed by President Lincoln on a Government Commission, in company with Gov. Boutwell of Massachusetts and Charles A. Dana, since of the New York Sun, to investigate the affairs of the Quartermaster's and Commissary Departments at Cairo. He devoted several months to this duty.

In 1864 he entered upon a larger political field, being nominated as the Republican candidate for Congress from the Eighth (Springfield) District, in opposition to the incumbent, John T. Stuart, who had been elected in 1862 by about 1,500 majority over Leonard Swett, then of Bloomington, now of Chicago. The result was the election of Mr. Cullom in November following by a majority of 1,785. In 1866 he was re-elected to Congress, over Dr. E. S. Fowler,"by the magnificent majority of 4,103! In 1868 he'was again a candidate, defeating the Hon. B. S. Edwards, another of his old preceptors, by 2,884 votes.

During his first term in Congress he served on the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Expenditures in the Treasury Department; in his second term, on the Committees on Foreign Affairs and on Territories ; and in his third term he succeeded Mr. Ashley, of Ohio, to the Chairmanship of the latter. He introduced a bill in the House, to aid in the execution of law in Utah, which caused more consternation among the Mormons than any measure had previously, but which, though it passed the House, failed to pass the Senate.

The Republican Convention which met May 25, 1876, nominated Mr. Cullom for Governor, while the other contestant was Gov. Beveridge. For Lieutenant-Governor they nominated Andrew Shuman, editor of the Chicago Journal. For the same offices the Democrats, combining with the Anti-Monopolists, placed in nomination Lewis Steward, a wealthy farmer and manufacturer, and A. A. Glenn. The result of the election was rather close, Mr. Cullom obtaining only 6,800 majority. He was inaugurated Jan. 8, 1877.

Great depression prevailed in financial circles at this time, as a consequence of the heavy failures of 1873 and afterward, the effect of which had seemed to gather force from that time to the end of Gov. Cullom's first administration. This unspeculative period was not calculated to call forth any new issues, but the Governor's energies were at one time put to task to quell a spirit of insubordination that had been begun in Pittsburg, Pa., among the laboring classes, and transferred to Illinois at Chicago, East St. Louis and Braidwood, at which places laboring men for a short time refused to work or allow others to work. These disturbances were soon quelled and the wheels of industry again set in motion.

In May, 1880, Gov. Cullom was re-nominated by the Republicans, against Lyman Trumbull, by the Democrats; and although the former party was somewhat handicapped in the campaign by a zealous faction opposed to Grant for President and to Grant men for office generally, Mr. Cullom was re-elected by about 3 14,565, to 277,532 for the Democratic State ticket. The Greenback vote at the same time was about 27,000. Both Houses of the Legislature again became Republican, and no representative of the Greenback or Socialist parties were elected. Gov. Cullom was inaugurated Jan. 10, 1881. In his message he announced that the last dollar of the State debt had been provided for.

March 4, 1883, the term of David Davis as United States Senator from Illinois expired, and Gov. Cullom was chosen to succeed him. This promoted Lieutenant-Governor John M. Hamilton to the Governorship. Senator Cullom's term in the United States Senate will expire March 4, 1889.

As a practitioner of law Mr. C. has been a member of the firm of Cullom, Scholes & Mather, at Springfield ; and he has also been President of the State National Bank.

He has been married twice, - the first time Dec. 12, 1855, to Miss Hannah Fisher, by whom he had two daughters ; and the second time May 5, 1863, to Julia Fisher. Mrs. C is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, with which religious body Mr. C. is also in sympathy.

OHN MARSHALL HAMILTON, Governor 1883-5, was born May 28, 1847, in a log house upon a farm about two miles from Rich wood, Union County, Ohio. His father was Samuel Hamilton, the eldest son of Rev. Win. Hamilton, who, together with his brother, the Rev. Samuel Hamilton, was among the early pioneer Methodist preachers in Ohio. The mother of the subject of this sketch was, before her marriage, Mrs. Nancy McMorris, who was born and raised in Fauquier or Loudoun County, Va., and related to the two large families of Youngs and Marshalls, well known in that commonwealth ; and from the latter family name was derived the middle name of Gov. Hamilton.

In March, 1854, Mr. Hamilton's father sold out his little pioneer forest home in Union County, O., and, loading his few household effects and family (of six children) into two emigrant covered wagons, moved to Roberts Township, Marshall Co., 111., being 21 days on the route. Swamps, unbridged streams and innumerable hardships and privations met them on their way. Their new home had been previously selected by the father. Here, after many long years of toil; they succeeded in paying for the land and making a comfortable home. John was, of course, brought up to hard manual labor, with no schooling except three or four months in the year at a common country school. However, he evinced a capacity and taste for a high order of self-education, by studying or reading what books be could borrow, as the family had but very few in the house. Much of his study he prosecuted by the light of a log fire in the old-fashioned chimney place. The financial panic of 1857 caused the family to come near losing their home, to pay debts ; but the father and two sons, William and John, "buckled to" and persevered in hard labor and economy until they redeemed their place from the mortgage.

When the tremendous excitement of the political campaign of i860 reached the neighborhood of Roberts Township, young Hamilton, who had been brought up in the doctrine of anti-slavery, took a zealous part in favor of Lincoln's election. Making special efforts to procure a little money to buy a uniform, he joined a company of Lincoln Wide-Awakes at Magnolia, a village not far away. Directly after the ensuing election it became evident that trouble would ensue with the'South, and this Wide-Awake company, like many others throughout the country, kept up its organization and transformed itself into a military company. During the ensuing summer they met often for drill and became proficient ; but when they offered themselves for the war, young Hamilton was rejected on account of his youth, he being then but 14 years of age. During the winter of 1863-4 he attended an academy at Henry, Marshall County, and in the following May he again enlisted, for the fourth time, when he was placed in the 141st 111. Vol. Inf., a regiment then being raised at Elgin, 111., for the 100-day service. He took with him 13 other lads from his neighborhood, for enlistment in the service. This regiment operated in Southwestern Kentucky, for about five months, under Gen. Paine.

The following winter, 1864-5, Mr. Hamilton taught school, and during the two college years 1865-7, he went through three years of the curriculum of the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio. The third year he graduated, the fourth in a class of 46, in the classical department. In due time he received the degree of M. A. For a few months he was the Principal of Marshall " College " at Henry, an academy under the auspices of the M. E. Church. By this time he had commenced the study of law, and after earning some money as a temporary Professor of Latin at the Illinois Wesleyan University at B'.oomington, he entered the law office of Weldon, Tipton & Benjamin, of that city. Each member of this firm has since been distinguished as a Judge. Admitted to the Bar in May, 1870, Mr. Hamilton was given an interest in the same firm, Tipton having been elected Judge. In October following he formed a partnership with J. H. Rowell, at that time Prosecuting Attorney. Their business was then small, but they increased it to very large proportions, practicing in all grades of courts, including even the U. S. Supreme Court, and this partnership continued unbroken until Feb. 6, 1883, when Mr. Hamilton was sworn in as Executive of Illinois. On the 4th of March following Mr. Rowell took his seat in Congress.

In July, T871, Mr. Hamilton married Miss Helen M. Williams, the daughter of Prof. Win. G. Williams, Professor of Greek in the Ohio Wesleyan University. Mr. and Mrs. H. have two daughters and one son.

In 1876 Mr. Hamilton was nominated by the Republicans for the State Senate, over other and older competitors. He took an active pait " on the stump " in the campaign, for the success of his party, and was elected by a majority of r,640 over his Democratic- Greenback opponent. In the Senate he served on the Committees on Judiciary, Revenue, State Institutions, Appropriations, Education, and on Miscellany ; and during the contest for the election of a U. S. Senator, the Republicans endeavoring to reelect John A. Logan, he voted for the war chief on every ballot, even alone when all the other Republicans had gone over to the Hon. E. B. Lawrence and the Democrats and Independents elected Judge David Davis. At this session, also, was passed the first Board of Health and Medical Practice act, of which Mr. Hamilton was a champion, against so much opposition that the bill was several times " laid on the table." Also, this session authorized the location and establishment of a southern penitentiary, which was fixed at Chester. In the session of 1879 Mr. Hamilton was elected President //v tern. of the Senate, and was a zealous supporter of John A. Logan for the U. S. Senate, who was this time elected without any trouble.

In May, 1880, Mr. Hamilton was nominated on the Republican ticket for Lieutenant Governor, his principal competitors before the Convention being Hon. Wm. A. James, ex-Speaker of the House of Representatives, Judge Robert Bell, of Wabash County, Hon. T. T. Fountain, of Perry County, and Hon. M. M. Saddler, of Marion County. He engaged actively in the campaign, and his ticket was elected by a majority of 41,200. As Lieutenant Governor, he presided almost continuously over the Senate in the 32d General Assembly and during the early days of the 33d, until he succeeded to the Governorship. When the Legislature of 1883 elected Gov. Cullom to the United States Senate, Lieut. Gov. Hamilton succeeded him, under the Constitution, taking the oath of office Feb. 6, 1883. He bravely met all the annoyances and embarrassments incidental upon taking up another's administration. The principal events with which Gov. Hamilton was connected as the Chief Executive of the State were, the mine disaster at Braidwood, the riots in St. Clair and Madison Counties in May, 1883, the appropriations for the State militia, the adoption of the Harper high-license liquor law, the veto of a dangerous railroad bill, etc.

1884, where his first choice fof President was John A. Logan, and second choice Chester A. Arthur; but he afterward zealously worked for the election of Mr. Blaine, true to his party.

HE time has arrived when it becomes the duty of the people of this county to perpetuate the names of their pioneers, to furnish a record of their early settlement, and relate the story of their progress. The civilization of our day, the enlightenment of the age and the duty that men of the present time owe to their ancestors, to themselves and to their posterity, demand that a record of their lives and deeds should be made. In biographical history is found a power to instruct man by precedent, to enliven the mental faculties, and to waft down the river of time a safe vessel in which the names and actions of the people who contributed to raise this country from its primitive state may be preserved. Surely and rapidly the great and aged men, who in their prime entered the wilderness and claimed the virgin soil as their heritage, are passing to their graves. The number remaining who can relate the incidents of the first days of settlement is becoming small indeed, so that an actual necessity exists for the collection and preservation of events without delay, before all the early settlers are cut down by the scythe of Time.

To be forgotten has been the great dread of mankind from remotest ages. All will be forgotten soon enough, in spite of their best works and the most earnest efForts of their friends to perserve the memory of their lives. The means employed to prevent oblivion and to perpetuate their memory has been in proportion to the amount of intelligence they possessed. The pyramids of Egypt were built to perpetuate the names and deeds of their great rulers. The exhumations made by the archeologists of Egypt from buried Memphis indicate a desire of those people to perpetuate the memory of their achievements. The erection of the great obelisks were for the same purpose. Coming down to a later period, we find the Greeks and Romans erecting mausoleums and monuments, and carving out statues to chronicle their great achievements and carry them down the ages. It is also evident that the Mound-builders, in piling up their great mounds of earth, had but this idea - to leave something to show that they had lived. All these works, though many of them costly in the extreme, give but a faint idea of the lives and characters of those whose memory they were intended to perpetuate, and scarcely anything of the masses of the people that then lived. The great pyramids and some of the obelisks remain objects only of curiosity; the mausoleums, monuments and statues are crumbling into dust.

It was left to modern ages to establish an intelligent, undecaying, immutable method of perpetuating a full history - immutable in that it is almost unlimited in extent and perpetual in its action ; and this is through the art of printing.

To the present generation, however, we are indebted for the introduction of the admirable system of local biography. By this system every man, though he has not achieved what the world calls greatness, has the means to perpetuate his life, his history, through the coming ages.

The scythe of Time cuts down all ; nothing of the physical man is left. The monument which his children or friends may erect to his memory in the cemetery will crumble into dust and pass away ; but his life, his achievements, the work he has accomplished, which otherwise would be forgotten, is perpetuated by a record of this kind.

To preserve the lineaments of our companions we engrave their portraits, for the same reason we collect the attainable facts of their history. Nor do we think it necessary, as we speak only truth of them, to wait until they are dead, or until those who know them are gone : to do this we are ashamed only to publish to the world the history of those whose lives are unworthy of public record.

Cambridge, came to Henry County in 1837, and has been since a continuous resident within its borders. In 1836 the agent of an organization called "The New York Colony " came to the county and made a selection of the lands in the interest of what was designated after their settlement in Henry County as the " Morristown Colony." The location was made in June, and the same year five of the members came. They were in all eventually about ten families, and among them was that of the father of Mr. Davenport, who, with his entire household, made a permanent settlement in what is now Cambridge Township.

The name of Davenport is prominently associated with the Colonial history of this country. This branch of the family is a lineal descendant of the Rev. John Davenport, who settled in Massachusetts soon after the coming of the Pilgrim Fathers. The inscription on the tomb of Rev. John Davenport is inserted below. The slab contains, besides the lettering, the family coat of arms, which is a shield surmounted by the head of an animal " sejant " (sitting), above a tripartite inner shield, each

Perhaps the best known of the members of the Davenport family is Abraham Davenport, who has been immortalized in verse by John G. Whittier, the Quaker poet. He was the son of the sturdy Puritan preacher, and in 1780 was a member of the Colonial Assembly, and was one of the Connecticut "Councillors." That body was in session when the still unaccountable event of the "dark day " transpired. As the somber shadows, that were like no other darkness within the remembrance of those who witnessed them, came on, terror took possession of the men composing the legislative body. Clamorous cries for adjournment arose, but the imperturbable Abraham remarked that it was his opinion that if the Lord was coming he would be better satisfied

The grandfather of Thomas F. Davenport, whose name was Silas Davenport, was a native of Connecticut and was a merchant. He passed his entire life in the State of his nativity, and died there. He reared a family of five children, and his son, Charles W., was one of the members of the Morristown Colony in Henry County, in 1837. The latter was born in Stamford, Conn. He followed the profession of his father, and his business relations were very extensive for the period in which he operated. He established branches of his business in the city of New York, in Washington, D. C, and in Mobile, Ala. In the year 1824 he engaged in the prosecution of his interests in the several places mentioned. His wife was, before her marriage, Mary E. Fitch, a member of one of the best of the Connecticut families. Her earliest known progenitor was Governor Thomas Fitch, of Colonial times. She was the daughter of Thomas and Amelia (Lewis) Fitch, and her parents were natives respectively of Connectticut and Long Island, New York. She was born in Norwalk, Ct., June 22, 1796, and became the mother of seven children - Charles W., Jr., Thomas F., Mrs. Amelia Lloyd, Mrs. Mary Hannaman (deceased), Adolphus (deceased), Theodore, who resides in Nevada, is a miner in the Rocky Mountains and unmarried; and Edward; the latter is a citizen of Chicago, and is a member of the Board of Trade. Charles W. Davenport, Sr., died in Morristown, Dec. 20, 1841; his wife died in Cambridge, Oct. 24, 1858. At the date of their settlement in the county their nearest neighbors on the north were five miles distant, and on the south 35 miles intervened between them and the white settlers.

When Mr. Davenport was a boy his parents removed to the city of New York, where he obtained the greater part of his education. The history of his business career in Henry County includes a wide range of interests. He was engaged in farming in Morristown until 1846, when he removed to Cambridge, and there officiated as Deputy Circuit and County Clerk at various times until 1850, when he was elected to the position of County Clerk on the Whig ticket; in 1854 he was elected Sheriff, and discharged the duties of the office two years; in 1857 he was appointed to fill a vacancy as County

Treasurer, in which capacity he acted one year; in 1858 he went to Oakley, now Green River Station, situated on the line of the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad, and there conducted the affairs of the station, and also operated as a miller and merchant. Mr. Davenport was the actual founder of the town. He says : " I ran the town. I built the depot, presented it to the railroad company, and gave them the grounds and the right of way for the track." The place had the brightest prospects, but a week after the cyclone destroyed the village of Camanche, Iowa, a tornado struck Oakley, and in the space of five minutes Mr. Davenport was a poor man! Nearly the whole village was in ruins. The mill, depot, store and dwelling in which he carried on his business and lived were destroyed, and " Othello's occupation " had taken French leave, with the facilities therefor. But " man proposes and God disposes/' and there is no more forcible truism in the language. Mr. Davenport can testify to its accuracy in his case.

He came from the scene of his losses to Cambridge, and commenced mercantile operations in such a manner as was possible in his circumstances. He was getting a fair start once more, when, in the spring of 1862, a disastrous fire again swept his hopes and business out of existence. There was, however, a chance. The issues of the Civil War were in the balance, and the nation needed men in her extremity. In August of the year in which his latest business venture disappeared in the remorseless flames, he enlisted in the 112th Reg. 111. Vol. Inf., under Col. T. J. Henderson. On the organization of the company he was unanimously made First Lieutenant, and acted in that capacity until the close of the war. He enlisted Sept. 20, 1862, and was mustered out of the military service of the United States June 20, 1865. He was in the several actions in which his company participated, with the exception of a period of 1 8 months, during which time he acted as Brigade Commissary and Quartermaster.

After his return to Henry County he interested himself in farming for a short time. In 1866 he received an appointment as Assessor of Internal Revenue for Henry County, and served one year. Since the expiration of that appointment he has been engaged chiefly in farming. He made one further effort to amend his waning fortunes by a business venture, and in 1870 went to Chicago to enter into a project under the management of a stock company for the purpose of smelting gold and silver ore. Mr. Davenport became the Secretary of the well-known Balbach Smelting and Refining Company, which had a capital of $100,000, and was building up a fine business, taking out an average of $1,000 per day from the ores. The memorable fire of October, 187 1, was the ruin of the affairs of the concern, and a sale to Stephen P. Lunt, of the business house of Lunt, Prescott & Kean, took place, in the vain hope to save the existence of the incorporation. The firm were obliged to go into liquidation, and in 1874 Mr. Davenport returned to his home in Cambridge.

The marriage of Mr. Davenport to Elizabeth Lloyd took place June 22, 1848. She was born in Bucks Co., Pa. Her birth occurred Jan. 31, 1822, She has been the mothe# of five children, two of whom died in their infancy : Anna M. is the eldest of the survivors ; Mrs. Fannie S. Rockwell is the next in order of birth, and has one child, Iva; Charles E. married Sarah J. Fullmer, and they have one child, Sylvester. Mrs. Davenport is a member of the Society of Friends.

illiam Gradert, a farmer of the township of Munson, is a citizen of the United States, of German birth. He is a native of Holstein, and was born April 28, 1848. He is the son of Gustav and Christina Gradert, who were born in the same province where their son first saw the light of day. They are still living there (1885).

From the age of six to fourteen, Mr. Gradert was sent to school, as the laws of Germany provide that all male children should be educated between those ages. After reaching the latter age, he was employed on the farm. He was 20 when he came to America. In 1868 he landed at New York, and proceeded to the city of Davenport without delay. He went into the country in the vicinity of the city and obtained work on a farm eight miles distant, where he remained six months. He then came to Henry County, and engaged as an assistant on the farm of John Redus, of whom a sketch may be found elsewhere in this volume. He passed two years in the capacity of a farm hand in the employment of various, individuals.

In the fall of 1870 he was married to Lena Gradert. She was born in the same German province as her husband. After his marriage he rented land for a time, and in 1876 bought 80 acres on section 13, of Munson Township. There was a house of humble pretensions on the place, which has been rebuilt, and other good farm structures have been erected, among which is a large stock and hay barn. Mr. Gradert has bought additional land, and is now the owner of 183 acres, which is all in advanced agricultural condition.

aertes F. Dinnick, a prominent business man of Henry County, resident at Cambridge, was born Sept. 17. 1838, in Mercer Co., 111. His parents, Lucius D. and Julia (Langford) Dinnick, were born respectively in the State of New York and Pennsylvania, and removed from there to Berlin (now Swedona), Mercer Co., 111., in the spring of the year in which their son was born. The senior Dinnick attained prominence as an agriculturist of extended relations in Mercer County, and later he removed to Rock Island, where he died in October, 1866, aged 60 years and "some months. He was a member of the City Council of Rock Island at the time of his death. The mother of Mr. Dinnick died Oct. 8, 1885. Following is the list of children's names in the order in which they were born : Laura, Otis J., Laurin and Delavan (deceased), Chauncey, Laertes F., Emily, Ellen and Luella.

Mr. Dinnick was educated wholly in his native State. He was among those who were prompt to respond to the summons of an assaulted nationality while yet the echo from Rebel balls on Sumter's walls filled the land with surprised dismay. He enlisted in April, r 861, for three months' service. On the organization of his regiment and company he was made Second Sergeant, and previous to the expiration of his term of enlistment he was promoted to the rank of Second Lieutenant. In the fall of

1862, with W. D. Williams, of Rock Island, he was instrumental in raising Company F, of the 89th Illinois Volunteer Infantry. The former was made Captain and the latter First Lieutenant. In the summer of 1863 Mr. Dinnick was promoted to the rank of Captain, which he held until he was disabled. At the battle of New Hope Church, Ga., Capt. Dinnick was wounded. After spending two months in various hospitals he returned home.

In the spring of 1865 he came to Cambridge and has since been engaged without intermission as a buyer and shipper of stock. He has also been employed in general farming and is the owner of a valuable farm of 240 acres adjoining the village of Cambridge on the northwest. He owns also 400 acres near Sioux Falls, Dakota.

Mr. Dinnick was married Jan. 18, 1864, in Andover, 111., to Miss E. Genevieve, daughter of Morrison and Mary E. Francis. Her parents were among the pioneers of Henry County, and an extended account of them is to be found on other pages of this work. The children of Mr. Dinnick and his wife are named Francis J., Clyde W., Hallie Lee and Morrison. The parents are members of the Christian Church. In political bias and affiliation, Mr. Dinnick is a Democrat.

obert Atwater, son of Elisha Atwater, a pioneer of Henry County, was born in Rock Island, Sept. 5, 1854. His father was born in New Haven Co., Conn., Dec. 18 18 10. He passed the time of his boyhood and youth in the place of his nativity, and learned the business of a cabinet-maker. He had a natural understanding of the use of tools, and after acquiring a complete knowledge of the trade, which he had chosen, he worked in the city of New Haven until 1840. That was the year in which he came to Illinois, and he located in the city of Rock Island. It was then in its embryo state, and contained but a few houses. Not long after he came to Henry County, and located at Andover. He was occupied therein the prosecution of his trade for a few years, and then removed to what is now the township of Cambridge, and was then designated town 15 in the Government reports. He secured a claim on section

6, and proceeded to the work of making ready to found a home. He built a log house and a log shop for the prosecution of his trade. He operated as a farmer, and at the same time as cabinei-maker. He sold his earliest crops, and the first pork fatted on his farm at Chicago. That city had then 5,000 inhabitants, and was 160 miles distant. The produce was all drawn there with teams. This would seem an interminable operation in these latter days. Mr. Atwater sometimes worked at his business of cabinet-making at Moline, and returned to his home on Saturday nights on horseback. He always returned to his work on Sunday evening. His wife and children lived on the farm in Cambridge, and at the time their nearest neighbors were three miles distant.

In 1857 Mr. Atwater bought a farm on section 19, in the township of Munsfn, and entered almost exclusively into the business of a farmer. In the second year of the Civil War, he entered the military service of his country. He enlisted in 1862 in Co. H, ii2thRegt. 111. Vol. Inf., and when the command was organized he was made Second Lieutenant. He was in active service one year, when he was discharged for disability. He returned to his home, and resumed the duties of his farm. He was instrumental in the improvement of a large tract of land, on which he erected a good class of farm structures, and he also set out a large number of trees. He died on the homestead estate Jan. r5, 1884.

His marriage to Margaret Wright took place May 18, 1838. Her birth occurred in Harrisburg, Pa., Feb. 28, 1 82 1. She became the mother of ir children. Eli B. was born April 10, 1839. He was just past his majority when the call for soldiers came, and he enlisted. He was enrolled in the 9th 111. Cav., and after a service of two and a half years was discharged for disability. He returned to his home, but never recovered his health. He died Jan. 24, 1872.

Thomas was born Oct. 5, 1841. He enlisted in the same regiment as his father, and served two years. He received a severe wound at the battle of Knoxville, Tenn., and was taken from the field by the rebels. He underwent amputation while in their hands. During the time he lay in the rebel hospital his other leg was badly frozen. His father went after him and brought him home. He had an uncommon degree of pluck and courage, and they carried him through all, and after he returned to his home he partially recovered his health. He was elected Circuit Clerk, and was serving his term at the time of his death. George was born Aug. 10, 1843, and lives in Webster City, Iowa. Elnora was born Sept. 23, 1848, and is married to N. R. Penny, a resident of Salt Lake City, Utah. William C. was born June 5, 1850, and lives in Munson Township. Mary E. is the wife of Horatio Boyd, of Freeman, Phillips Co., Kan. The latter is an editor. Mrs. Boyd was born Sept. 25, 1852. Douglass was born Dec. 6, 1858. Robert W., who was his predecessor in the order of birth, was born Sept. 5, 1854. The two brothers last named live on the homestead. Frank, born Oct. 18, i860, is a clerk in a clothing store in Rock Island. The demise of the mother dccurred May 12, 1885. Emma, born Oct. 5, 1856, died at two years of age.

Robert W. was brought up on the place where he is now living. It has been his home all his life. He was joined in marriage to Belle McNorton, Dec. 14, 1 88 1. She is a native of Ann a wan, and she and her husband are the parents of a son named Earl.

ndrew Blose Laflferty, a hardware merchant at Cambridge, was born March 29, 1840, in Armstrong Co., Pa. His paternal grandfather, John Lafferty, was born in County Derry, Ireland, in the town of Pullen, and was Scotch-Irish by descent. He came thence to America in 1801, and landed at Philadelphia. He proceeded to the frontier of the State of Pennsylvania, and bought a farm in the vicinity of Saltsburg, in Indiana County. There both himself and his wife passed the remaining years of their life. Her name hefore marriage was Martha McElmoyel. His son was born Oct. 19, 1802. He was a farmer, and also a teacher. In his early life he studied law, and during the period of his active business career he served his county in several official capacities. He was twice married. Margaret (Long) Lafferty, his first wife, bore him four children : John, Jacob, Robert and Rachel. His second wife, nee Susanna Blose, was the mother of four children : Martha, Margaret, Andrew B. and James D. She died April

Mr. Lafferty, of this account, came with his parents to Illinois in 1856. He was then 16 years of age, and he remained in Rock Island County until the fall of the same year in which they came to the State, when he came to Henry County. He interested himself in farming, and continued the prosecution of his interests in that line of business until he decided to enter the military service of the United States. July n, 1862, he enlisted in the 112th Regt. 111. Vol. Inf., and became a member of Company D. He was in all the actions in which his regiment was involved, with one exception, when he was in the hospital. He had been disabled at the battle of Knoxville, by the shock from a cannon ball which entered the ground at his feet. He received honorable discharge, and was mustered out June 20, 1865.

Mr. Lafferty was married Dec. 27, 1866, at Clayton, Adams Co., 111., to Amanda M. Lafferty, a native of Indiana Co., Pa. She is the mother of six children : Vernie L., Leon M., Andrew Bertram, Sue A., Maude, Lora, Gertrude and Charles Loris. The second son died Jan. n, 1877, at the age of two and a half years; and Loris die"d Sept. 17, 1885, aged 19 months. Mr. and Mrs. Lafferty are members of the Congregational Church, and of the Order of Good Templars. They are also connected in membership with the Orders of E. S. A. and the " Golden Rule." Mr. Lafferty belongs to the A. O. U. W., and to the G. A. R. Post, and in political adherence is a straight Prohibitionist. He is a man of sanguine temperament and strong convictions, and is an earnest worker in the temperance cause, and is also an active business man.

In the fall of 1868 he removed to Cambridge, and was associated with his brothei in the livery business. They run two daily hack lines from Cambridge to Galva and to Geneseo, carrying mail, _ passengers and express. After a few years he purchased the interest of his brother, and for some time continued the business alone. In 18 - he sold out to embark in the sale of agricultural implements, and to the latter he afterwards added the sale of hardware, and the firm style became Lafferty & Wright. A year later Mr. Lafferty became by purchase the sole owner of the business and its relations, and continued

\$ tive of Wilson County, in Central Tennessee, and was the husband of Elizabeth, sister of John C. Calhoun. She was born in Tennessee and lived there most of her life, dying in 1843, when about 70, in Park Co., Ind. She was a lady of brilliant mind and forcible character, and she bore nine children: John, Milton, Samuel, Nancy, Thomas, James, Eliza, Caroline and Lemuel.

Milton Garrison was born June 17, 1802, in Tennessee, and in 1820 removed to Park Co., Ind. He was an ordained minister in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and he followed his religious calling in Indiana, and was engaged in the discharge of its duties until he was 65 years old. In 1848 he came to Henry Co., 111., and settled in Munson Township, where he became a successful farmer and died March 18, 1882, at 80 years of age. He was a man of fine character and wielded a strong influence for good in his day and generation. He was married about 18 jo to Rebecca, daughter of Robert and Priscilla (Harris) McCord. Her parents were born in North Carolina, and they were descendants of pioneers, who later in life bore the same relation to the State of Kentucky, where they settled near its capital city. The nine children of Milton Garrison and his wife were Elizabeth (deceased), Robert M., John M., James (deceased), William (deceased), an infant who died unnamed, Sarah, Margaret and Garrett G.

Mr. Garrison was next to the oldest child of his parents, and he was the first-born son . consequently upon him fell the burdens of the family, while his father was attending to his religious calling. He was brought up on a farm and had but a little regular schooling.

He came to Henry County in 1848 with his parents, and has since that time been occupied in farming in Munson Township until 1884, when he removed to Cambridge. He still owns his fine farm srael 6. Heaps, Supervisor of Annawan Township, resident on section 23, has lived in Henry County since 1848, when his father, the now venerable William G. Heaps, cast his lot with that of, the pioneers of this part of the noble prairie State. Mr. Heaps was born Nov. 13, 1840, in Lancaster Co., Pa. His parents removed in his infancy to Adams Co., 111. They went- thence to Wisconsin in order to improve their circumstances, but not finding so congenial a climate as they had anticipated, another removal to Illinois was effected in the autumn of 1848. They settled on the farm which was for many years the homestead, and on which the father is at present a resident in the family of his youngest son. The senior Mr. Heaps was in straitened circumstances and had a large family of small children to support without aid, and when they became residents of Henry County were almost entirely without money. During the winter of 1848-9 a letter arrived at the nearest postoffice for a member of the family, for which it was necessary to wait some time before money enough to " lift" it could be obtained. The postage was 12^ cents. The tract of land on which a location was made was in its natural condition, not a furrow had been turned, and a place of shelter had to be erected. The struggle for a livelihood was

He was a Democrat until the nomination of James Buchanan for the chief office of the United States, which effected his conversion to Free-Soil principles ; and on the organization of the Republican party he became one of its firmest adherents.

He was married Oct. 9, 1856, at Cambridge, to Mary E., daughter of William and Lydia (Moriarty) Cochrane. The former was born in Ireland and the latter in Virginia. They settled in Fayette Co., 111., in 1850, and in 1853 settled in the township of Munson, in Henry County, where their lives ended. Mrs. Garrison has borne four children: Mary J. married Frank Cady ; Robert died in infancy ; Frank M. and Effie B. are the youngest children.

Mr. Heaps had small opportunity for obtaining anything like what would at this day be considered fair education from books. The schools were either turn est altogether, or were of the same primitive character as other surroundings ; and if there had been the best opportunities, he could not have availed himself of them, as in the summer seasons he drove a breaking team, and in the winters he hauled rails and timber for fencing. He drove a team of five yoke of oxen, although he was not a dozen years old, and for his labor for the neighbors received but 25 cents a day. He attended school in the winters after reaching his 15th, 16th and 17th birthdays, and by extra exertion succeeded in securing a knowledge of the English branches taught in the district schools that had been established in the neighborhood. Having learned the way to study, he made meanwhile considerable progress in the higher branches. In 1857 he entered the preparatory course at Lombard University, and for several years he taught and attended that institution alternately; and notwithstanding the interruptions he was enabled to maintain his standing in his classes. In i860, when Professor Standish was ill, Mr. Heaps was made tutor to his classes. In the same year he entered upon the studies of the junior year, and looked forward confidently to the time when he should complete his course and enter personally into the work of the world ; but the war broke out and he enlisted to defend his country.

April 22, 1861, a war meeting was called in the Baptist Church at Annawan. Elder Hiram Petteys, Major J. M. Allen, of Geneseo, and Elder McDermond were present and participated in the discussion of the emergency. At the termination of the meeting, Mr. Heaps was the first man to place his name on the list of enrollment and to call for Volunteers. He was thus the first enlisted man in Henry County, and his name was followed by 53 others. When the election of the company took place Mr. Heaps was unanimously made Captain. Hiram Carrol and Richard Linehan were made First and Second Lieutenants. It is a well-known fact that the action of Governor Yates in raising' regiments preceded the orders from the War Department - at

Washington, and when the first company from Henry was offered it was rejected because every place was already filled. After repeated efforts to obtain an assignment the company partially disbanded. On the second call for 300,000 troops, most of the members went to Camp Butler and joined the 27th Regiment of Volunteers. The command was soon sent to Cairo, and thence to the field, where it was a participant in the fight at Belmont, Mo., Nov. 7, 1861, the first battle in which General Grant took part. Mr. Heaps was under fire at Belmont, Island No. 10, Farmington, Corinth, Columbia, siege- of Nashville (1862), Lavergne, Stone River, Tullahoma, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, etc. At Stone River he was severely wounded in the right arm and shoulder, and at Chickamauga he was shot in the breast and left on the field for dead. He recovered in time to participate in the action at Mission Ridge, and afterwards went with his command to East Tennessee to the relief of Knoxville and the command of General Burnside.

The months of January and February were passed among the mountains of the State named, fighting General Longstreet. When the call for veteran volunteers was made, Mr. Heaps re-enlisted, and nearly all the survivors of his company went with him. Theirs was the sole company in the regiment that re-enlisted, and it enrolled for three years or during the war. On returning to the regiment with others it was put in motion for Atlanta. The company was a part of the force that stormed and captured Rocky Faced Ridge, the key to Dalton. The struggle there was terrific, and was acknowledged to be one of the severest of the war. At Resaca, May 14, 1864, the regiment formed a part of the assaulting column that attacked and carried a part of the rebel line. John B. Heaps, a brother, who was a soldier in the 1 1 2th Illinois Infantry, was killed in the action of that day, and after the shadows of night had drawn a curtain over the bloody work, Mr. Heaps sought and found the beloved body. He went alone to the field where the forms and faces of those who died that their homes might live were lying in bewildering confusion, and by the feeble glimmer of a single candle peered into the faces, cold and solemn in the awful silence of death, until the one he sought was found. In the darkness of the hour of midnight the living brother dug the grave for the

The regiment took part in all the actions in which the command of General Sherman was engaged ; and Mr. Heaps was in the actions at Kenesaw Mountain, Mud Creek, Pumpkin Vine, Marietta, Chattahoochie River and Peach-Tree Creek. July 20, 1864, his company was detached and sent to the extreme left to guard creek crossings. The handful of men repulsed three attacks by greatly superior numbers, and held the line throughout the entire day. For their action the command received the thanks of the Division Commander in a special order. Two days later the company was heavily engaged, and July 28th following, swung around the forts in the vicinity of Atlanta, and took part in the battles of Jonesboro, Rough and Ready, and were involved in the capture of Atlanta. When General Sherman decided on his march to the sea, the Fourth Army Corps, to which the company of Captain Heaps was attached, was sent back under " Pap Thomas " to attend to the settlement of the rebel General Hood. The work was soon after accomplished, in one of the hardest-fought battles of the entire war. Nov. 30, 1864, while on the advance skirmish line, the company was captured by the rebels, who cut off the retreat. The men were sent successively to Corinth, Jackson, Selma, Catawba and finally to Andersonville. In March, 1865, they were passed through the line at Vicksburg on parole and from there to St. Louis. At that place Mr. Heaps was placed in command of a battalion and remained there until the termination of the war. He received his discharge May 15, 1865, by reason of the closing of the war.

Returning to Annawan, he was married to Miss Rhoda A. Petteys, to whom he had long been engaged. They settled on the homestead of her father and have since resided thereon. For some years Mr. Heaps was occupied as a teacher, but finally abandoned that calling for the business of farming and stock-raising. For a number of years he has been the traveling correspondent of the Drover's Journal, the organ of the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. In that capacity he has visited every State and Territory west of the Mississippi River, with the exception of Washington Territory and Oregon. He traveled through the great Northwest before the railroad lines were built, and at a time when the Sioux Indians were the terror of everybody, when " war to the knife and knife to the hilt " was the watchword and reply. He has traversed nearly every valley and mountain in the West, from the summit of Pike's Peak to the bottom of the " Grand Canon " of the Colorado. He has been among the Indians of the Southwest and made a study of their manners, habits and customs, and collected a comprehensive knowledge of their legendary lore. He has journeyed through a considerable portion of Old Mexico, and has written much about that country. His description of the " Bad Lands " of Dakota attracted much attention and comment.

He is a Republican in political opinions, and is a stanch adherent of the " grand old party." He has several times been elected to the official position in this township which he is now filling:

Mrs. Heaps was born Dec. 20, 1844, in Oneida Co., N. Y. Hiram Petteys, her father, was born in Montgomery Co., N. Y., and was a minister in the Christian Church. He died in 1864, at the age of 59. He was married Oct. ro, r828, to Susan Brand. She was born Aug. 17, 1804, in Charlotte, Montgomery County. George, Sarah, John H. and Rhoda A. were the names of their children. Peleg Petteys, the grandfather of Mrs. Heaps, was born Dec. rr, T772, and married Martha Brown. She was born in Montgomery County March 10,1772. The ancestors of herself and husband were of German and English origin. John Brand, the maternal grandfather of Mrs. Heaps, was born May 25, 1765, in the State of New York. He married Sarah Ross, who was born Dec. 10, 1767, in the same State. Their marriage took place Jan. 7, 1790. They had twelve children : John B., Henry, Thomas, Sarah, Rhoda, Lovina, Ross, Rogers, Susan, Hiram, Elizabeth and Mary. The children of Peleg Petteys were Anna, Richard, Hiram, Robert, James, Valentine and George.

Mrs. Heaps is the owner of 160 acres of land in the township of Annawan, which is all in advanced cultivation. She was educated at Knox Seminary, Galesburg, 111.

?^/w* - ieorge W. Dunlap, M. D., medical practitioner at Cambridge, was born Nov. 14, : 1841, in Leesburg, Highland Co., Ohio. His grandfather, Major James Dunlap, was of Scotch-Irish extraction and was a native of Pennsylvania. He was a man of influence and lived at Dunlap's Creek, Washington Co., Pa., where he kept the Dunlap House for many years. He was prominent in the State militia and was for a long period Brigade Inspector of Western Pennsylvania. He died at the place named. He was married there and reared a large family of children. His son George, the father of Dr. Dunlap, was born in Washington Co., Pa., and was there brought up, became a physician and built up a large, successful and popular practice in the county of which he was a native. He came West in 1847, and in the winter of that year settled in Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. Ten years later he removed to the city of Burlington, where he remained in the practice of his profession until the time of his death. He came to Knoxville, 111., on a visit to a brother, Dr. A. J. Dunlap, and died while there. Susan P. (Beatty) Dunlap, his wife, was born Dec. 25, 1813, in Cambridge, Guernsey Co., Ohio. She was reared in Wheeling, West Virginia, and was the daughter of Zaccheus and Margery (Metcalf) Beatty. Her father was a native of Maryland and her mother of Virginia. Of their ten children five are still living. Of the latter, Mrs. Margery Overman is the oldest ; Virginia R. is the wife of Dr. Wm. Orris, and with her brothers, A. J. Dunlap and Dr. James Dunlap, is a resident of Victor, Iowa. Mr. Dunlap of this account is the third in order of birth of the survivors.

Mr. Dunlap received his elementary education at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, and attended Jefferson College in the city of Philadelphia. Soon after finishing his course at that institution he was appointed .Assistant Surgeon in the Ninth Iowa Cavalry and was attached to the Post at Camp Roberts, Davenport, for nearly a year. He then joined the regiment.

He located at Brooklyn, Iowa, where he entered upon the regular practice of his profession, and continued to operate there five years. He then came and settled in Hermon, Knox Co., 111., and after establishing his business there remained about seven years. He removed thence to Macomb, McDonough County, where he remained two and a half years. He came from there to Cambridge in November, 1873. He has succeeded in founding a substantial and prosperous business, and is considered one of the most skillful and reliable in the capacities of surgeon and physician in the vicinity. He has an extensive country patronage.

Feb. 2, T865, he was married, in Knox County, to Miss Martha F. Poff. She is a native of Highland Co., Ohio, and was born Dec. 9, 1843. She is the daughter of M. F. Poff. Of five children of which she has been the mother there is only one survivor, - George W., born Oct. 17, 1873. Dr. Dunlap and his wife are members of the Christian Church.

He is Chairman of the Board of Health, and is prominent in his connection with the Order of Odd Fellows, the A. F. & A. M., the A. O. U. W. and the G. A. R. He has filled the various chairs in these organizations and has represented the I. O. O. F. at the Grand Lodge. He is an adherent of the Democratic party, but supported Abraham Lincoln for the office of President.

ndrew L. Anderson, although by birth a native of a foreign nationality, is a worthy citizen of Henry County, whither he came in i860. He has been connected with the farming interests of the county since he came hither, with the exception of the time passed in the military service of his adopted country.

He was born in Westergotland in Sweden, Oct. 26, 1842. He was an inhabitant of the place where he was born until he was 18. He was educated at home and obtained a good education in the Swedish language. In i860 he started for America, to seek the privileges of a free government. After a voyage of nine weeks on a sail vessel he landed at the port of New York. He proceeded to Geneseo with-

In January, 1862, he enlisted in Battery H, First Illinois Light Artillery. After a service of 18 months he received honorable discharge for disability, and returned to Henry County. He passed some months in recruiting his health, and as soon as he was able to labor he came to Munson Township and went to work in the employ of P. P. Allen. The time he passed in the recovery of his health was spent chiefly at school, perfecting his understanding of the language of the people among whom he had cast his fate. He remained in the employ of Mr. Allen seven years. He was occupied the first two or three years as a common farm-hand, and after that bought stock for his employer, including horses, cattle and sheep. He passed one year in Missouri in the interests of Mr. Allen. After leaving the employ of that gentleman he rented land in Munson Township until 1880, when he bought the farm which has since been his field of operation. It is situated on section 3, and is all under 'cultivation. It is well fenced and is provided with all necessary fixtures for a good stock farm.

Mr. Anderson was married in 187 1 to Amanda Wallin. She is a native of the same town in Sweden in which her husband was born. Hilda H., Alvin E., deceased, John Albeit, Eugenia L., James Elmer and Andrew Wendell are the names of the children that have been added to the family. The last named child died at the age of ten months.

Mr. Anderson is deeply interested in the affairs of education in the township where he is a resident, and has officiated several years as Director. He has discharged the duties of Assessor twice.

ohn Redus is a citizen of the township of Munson, and although he is a native of a forejgn nationality, has discharged the duties of his citizenship in a manner that reflects the utmost credit on his character as a man, and it also proves the genuineness of his regard for the country which protects him in the privileges to which he must ever have remained a stranger in the land of his birth. He left the home of his parents to escape servitude in the army of his own country, but volunteered to aid in the preservation of the freedom he sought. He has been for nearly 20 years a farmer in Henry County. He is now the proprietor of 200 acres of land, on which he is enjoying the prerogatives of an American citizen.

He was born in Holstein, Germany, Nov. 17, 1837, and is the son of John and Johanna (Loehr) Redus. He was kept in school from the age of 6 to 16 as the law of his country provided, and in the intervals of attendance there he acted as the assistant of his father, who was a blacksmith. The latter was also a farmer.

He was 17 when he left his native land to come to America, and was six weeks making the passage on a sail vessel, and landed at the port of New York. He came from there with little delay to the city of Davenport, and remained there until 1855. In the spring of that year he came to Geneseo and was there variously employed until 186 1. September 1st of the first year of the war he enlisted in the 43d 111. Vol. Cav. He was in the service a little more than three years. He was in the actions at Shiloh.Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Corinth, Jackson, siege and capture of Vicksburg, and after the latter he went to Arkansas. He was transferred from the 43d to the 14th Regiment of Veterans, Co. H, on account of injuries which he had sustained, and served the remainder of his time in that command. After his transfer he was on duty in the city of Washington. On receiving his discharge he returned to Geneseo.

In the spring of 1867 he rented a farm in that township, which he managed one year. In 1868 he bought 80 acres in the township of Munson, which he has since owned. It is situated on section 2, and at the time he became its owner it had been plowed, but no buildings had been erected. The farm structures he now uses in his 'operations he has built himself; also his house. The whole property now includes 200 acres, which is all in excellent and profitable condition. He is the owner also of a valuable timber lot.

Mr. Redus was united in marriage to Miranda Galenor Jan. 22, 1868. Their children are named Hattie, Annie, Melvina, Henry, Ernest and Elva. The mother was born in Boone Co., Ind. A daughter named Cora died at the age of two years.

T. Hammond, residing on section 1 8, Oxford Township, is one of the energetic and progressive farmers of that township, ^> as well as respected citizens and self-made men of this county. He was born in Maine, Nov. 10, 1821, his parents being George and Elenor (Taylor) Hammond, natives of that State.