Marion County, Illinois - The whole text, 1909 (part 2 of 27)

A New Jail

The fifth Board was elected in 1830 to serve two years and was composed of Hardy Foster, H. W. Higgins and Abraham Romine. During this term a new jail became a necessity and the board entered into a contract with W. Tully to build one for five hundred dollars. This jail, as described by several old citizens, who remember it well, was constructed of logs, laid closely together and about twelve feet from floor to ceiling. It was of one room and was covered with great, hewed logs for a ceiling, there were no doors or windows cut in the walls, but a trap door in the ceiling, which was reached from the outside by a ladder or stair. A ladder was let down through the trap door for the descent of prisoners, and then the ladder withdrawn, and the prisoner was secure, no breaking out by anyone likely to be placed therein. The building was then covered in the usual way, with clapboards and poles. During the term of this board the North Fork precinct, in the northwest part of the county, was established June 4, 1832, and the poling place fived at the house of Eli Jones. During this administration, the first bridge of any size was built and paid for partly by the state, which gave one hundred dollars, and partly by a loan subscription of seventy-nine dollars advanced by twenty-two citizens, ranging from one dollar, given by James Beaver, the smallest subscriber, to thirteen dollars, by A. L. Miles, the largest. The sixth board was composed of Hardy Foster, Abram Romine and James J. Richardson, who served in 1832 to 1834, and there is no record of any action by them out of the routine business of the county. The same may be said of the seventh board, composed of Hardy Foster, Abram Romine and James Gray. The latter resigned November 28, 1835, and Mark Tully was chosen to fill the vacancy, to the close of that term, ending in 1836. The eighth board, 1836 to 1838, was composed of Mark Tully, Isaac McClelland and Benjamin Vermillion. A new courthouse was ordered by this board to be built, and Mark Tully took the contract for six hundred and fifty-five dollars, and was, by the contract, to have it finished by August first, 1837, but for some reason, now unknown, failed in the performance, and in March of the following year (1838) surrendered his contract and was excused from paying any penalty for the non-performance of the same, so it may be assumed that the reason was a good one. Nathaniel Adams then completed the building. The total cost of the building was seven hundred and ninetynine dollars and forty-three cents. This building is still standing and is in a good state of preservation, being occupied by Mr. Clarence Mills as a residence. It is about thirty-eight by forty feet, two stories high, with a "hip" roof, it is of frame construction and if built now would cost at least three thousand dollars. It was moved from the public square to where it now stands, to

The sale of city or town lots, and the money realized from the sale of the courthouse, kept the county treasury well supplied with funds, despite the small tax levy, and in 1838 the county board ordered that three hundred dollars of the county money be loaned out at twelve per cent on well secured notes on four months' time. Up to the year 1838, there had been no delinquent taxes, but in that year the following list was returned as not collected : Samuel Forkman, fifty cents; John Simpson, sixty-two and a half cents ; Abner Farthing, sixty-five cents ; \V. Woods, sixty-seven and a half cents ; L. Farthing, thirty-seven and a half cents; Asa Ballard, twenty-five cents ; W. Gaultney, fifty cents; Isaac Barr, twelve and a half cents; M. C. Wells, two dollars and eighty cents; H. G. Burrow, thirty-five cents; John Saunders, one dollar and thirty cents; John Carter, thirty-seven and a half cents; James Homes, twenty cents, and Leven Wootener, one dollar and twenty cents, making a total of nine dollars and ninety-two and one-half cents, not collected. The probability is that owing to the small amounts and the remoteness of the delinquents from the collector's office, they were never called upon by the collector, as the expenses would be as great as the returns.

there should be one elected every year, and that the commissioners elected in 1838 should be one for one year, one for two years, and one for three years. W. H. Haynie was elected for three years, Abram Romine for two years, and Mark Tully for one year. From this time until about 1849, the various boards seem to have attended to only the ordinary business of the county, which certainly was well conducted, as the county was kept out of debt by them and all bills were promptly paid ; during all this time there had been but a small increase in the population of the county, as there were millions of acres of what was called government land in Illinois and much in Indiana, and there were no special inducemaits for emigration.

County Court Created

The constitution, which was adopted in 1848, abolished the County Commissioners as a court and created the county court, consisting of one judge and two associate judges. The first election under the new constitution was held in November, 1849, and Samuel Hull was elected the first county judge of Marion county, with R. M. Elliot and Alfred Ray as associates, to serve for four years. In 1852 Elliot resigned and Hardy Foster was elected in November of that year to fill out the unexpired term. The precinct of Raccoon was organized in 1851, with a polling place at the house of James Guilford. The second county court, presided over by Durham Tracey as judge, and with Hardy Foster and L. A. Spittler as associates, was elected in 1853 ^or f°ur years. This court, during its term, let the contract for a new jail to D. W. Norris, of Carlyle. This jail was built of brick, two stories high, and had cells for prisoners, and living rooms for the jailer and family, and was one of the best and finest in the state, and was used until 1884, when the present jail was built at a cost of sixteen thousand dollars. It cost the county three thousand nine hundred and thirty-seven dollars and was completed in 1854 and received on the first clay of December of that year. This court also, during their term of office, caused a detailed statement of the financial condition of the county to be prepared, in which it appeared that up to this time the monetary affairs had been conducted in the same careful manner, as were those of any county in the state.

In July, T857, the court contracted with Joseph A. Miller for the building of a new courthouse at a cost to the county of thirtyfive thousand dollars. Miller fell down on his contract and used inferior material. The court then annuled their contract with him and employed Messrs. Moore & Morrow, of Salem, to complete the work for twentysix thousand, one hundred and fifty dollars. The court took charge of all the material on the ground, but in the meantime a new court had been elected and the third county court, composed of B. F. Marshall, judge, with J. P. Rogers and Isaac McClelland as associates, made the contract with Moore &

Morrow. A part of the work already done was torn down and the house built in such an honest way that it stands today as a monument to the skill and honesty of the contractors. It is still the courthouse for Marion county, and though out of style, is yet a substantial building, and but that modern conveniences and comforts are lacking, would stand a century. The building was turned over to the county in April, 1860. The total cost was thirty-five thousand, one hundred and four dollars and seventy-five cents, only one hundred and four dollars and seventy-five cents more than the original contract, notwithstanding the failure of Miller to fulfill his contract. Twenty-five thousand dollars, in ten per cent, bonds, was issued by the authority of this court at the December term, and then an additional five thousand, two hundred and fifty dollars was ordered borrowed at a special term of the court in 1860.

The county brough suit against the original contractor, Miller, for non-fulfillment of contract, and recovered judgment for eight thousand one hundred and twenty-five dollars and fifty cents, but it was only a paper recovery, as the money could not be collected for the good and sufficient reason that Miller was not worth anything financially. During this term of the county judges the first case of capital punishment took place, a full account of which will be given in its appropriate chapter. The fourth county court, 1861-1865, was composed of John M. Oglesby, judge, with Daniel J.

Pay For The Soldiers

In 1865, in February, the county court ordered that thirty-seven thousand two hundred dollars be issued in ten per cent, county bonds to pay a bounty of three hundred dollars to one hundred and twentyfour volunteers who enlisted under the call of the government of the United States to suppress the rebellion. Under this bounty the quota for the county was filled. Dissatisfaction with the couny court system of county government had developed and had 'been steadily growing and petitions were circulated early in 1865 and presented to the court, asking that the question for or against township organization be submitted to the voters. The proposition was ordered submitted in September, and at the ensuing election in November was lost. A heavy debt now burdened the county, bearing interest at the high rate of ten per cent., which at that time was not unusual.

The first foreigners, so far as the records show, to be naturalized in the county, took out their papers during this four years' term of the county court. They were three Irishmen, viz : Dennis Rooney, John Cleney and William Steward, and one German, Jacob Heyduck. They all made useful and -exemplary citizens. At the election in 1868, James S. Martin was elected judge and D. P. Snelling and J. \Y. Primmer associate justices. Judge Martin was appointed United States pension agent, and in May, 1869, resigned. Judge W. W. Willard filled out the unexpired term of General Martin. In 1868 the County Treasurer was authorized to borrow five thousand dollars for bridge construction in the county. This was the fifth county court. The precinct of Alma was organized by this board at the March term, 1867. Marion county was now divided into sixteen ejection precincts as follows: Centralia, Sandoval, Odin, Patoka, Alma, Central City, Walnut Hill, Raccoon, Haines, luka, Romine, Omega, Meacham. Kimmimdy, Foster and Salem. Tilman Raser was elected judge and with John H. Gray and J. W. Jennings constituted the sixth county board and only routine business was transacted by them. The proposition to adopt township organization was again submitted and this time carried.

The state constitutional convention, held in 1870 reinstated the old system of county boards, which were discontinued in 1849, and at the expiration of the term of the sixth board, James W. McClure, Robert McM. Wham and J. McClelland were elected at the general election in November,

1873, but did not take office until after the meeting of the legislature, because of the very defective law, which defects required legislative action. They served only three months when their offices were made vacant by the election of the first Board of Supervisors, which election was held April 22,

Walker and S. L. Dwight to divide the county into townships. Of these commissioners, Walker is dead, Dwight is at present serving his second term as circuit judge, and Merritt, after serving the people of his county for twenty-one years in the legislature of the state as representative and senator, is still living in Salem, enjoying the love and respect of his fellow-citizens.

These names remain to the present time with the exception of Fredonia, which is now Tonti ; Pleasant, which is now Alma, and Odin, which was divided into two townships, the east half of which is still called Odin and the west half is called Sandoval. This division took place about ten years ago.

The first Board of Supervisors, from 1874 to 1875, organized by electing Erasmus Hull chairman, was composed of the following members, viz: Salem, E. Hull; Centralia, E. S. Condit and J. Mc- Clelland; Odin, John Robinson; Carrigan, A Steel; Patoka, J. Hudspeth; Raccoon, James Snow ; Fredonia L. M. Bisel ; Foster, J. W. Arnold; Haines, Robert McM. Wham. Centralia, owing to its population, was entitled to two members at that time, and at the present has three members of the Board of Supervisors, and Salem is entitled to two, who will probably be elected in April, 1909.

The county debt was now about seventy thousand dollars and a feeling that the affairs of the county could, and would be more economically administered by a Board of Supervisors than by three commissioners, was the motive actuating the voters in making a change, although experience has not proven the truth of the notion. The courthouse debt, i. e., debt for building and debt for bounty during the last year of the Civil war, the first incurred under the administration of Judge Marsall, and the second under the adminstration of Judge Oglesby, were both necessary measures and reflect credit on the gentlemen who were responsible, yet they grew burdensome in the minds of the people and the authorties made strenuous efforts to pay off the indebtedness, and that object was accomplished by heavy taxation and for a short period. The debt was paid, but much complaint was made of the burdensome tax, but the credit of the county was maintained. The county out of debt, and the affairs were well managed generally but with the change in the per cent, of valuation, made in the revenue law of 1900. the county did not receive revenue enough to meet running expenses which had largely increased and the county again began to accumulate a debt, which was put by the officers at about forty-five thousand dollars, but as it was no officer's special duty to go over the books to ascertain the amount, it was only an estimate. In 1907, the new County Treasurer and J. H. G. Brinkerhoff went over the books and found the debt to have been above eighty thousand dollars, but in 1903 the Board of Supervisors had submitted a proposition to the voters for a special tax of forty-two cents on the hundred dollars of valuation to pay the debt and this tax has so rapidly reduced the debt that it is certain that the spring of 1909 will see the last dollar paid and the county out of debt, besides for the last four years the county revenues have been ample to meet all necessary expense, thus the county again is out of debt and that without any hardship having been worked to the taxpayers.

earlier years of the county will prove interesting. The first revenue was from the lots in the city of Salem, which, as will be remembered, was a part of the thirty acre donation made the county by James Roberts, but conveyed to the county in 1826 by Rufus Ricker and Mark Tully. The first sale of lots took place March 2, 1824, and was as follows:

There was a total of four hundred thirtysix dollars and seventy-five cents. The taxes collected for the year 1823, the first year of the county's existence, were sixty-eight dollars and seventy-five cents; received for licenses, twelve dollars, making a grand total of five hundred seventeen dollars and twenty-five cents. From March 2d to June 7th, the Treasurer, paid out five hun- dred fourteen dollars and forty-one and a half cents, leaving two dollars and eighty three and a half cents in the treasury. It might be well here to state that in that day in Illinois a coin worth twelve and a half cents was in circulation. Its proper name was a shilling, but it was known by the pioneers as a "bit," and it is quite common, even to this day, to hear the expression "two bits," meaning twenty-five cents, or "six bits," meaning seventy-five cents, hence the half cents in the reports of that day.

A Small Balance

For the first ten years the County Treasurer's report shows a small balance in the treasury, except the report for December i, 1828, which shows the county in debt ninety-one and one-half cents, which he had overpaid. When the books were examined in 1833 a balance of twelve dollars and nine and one-half cents was reported in the hands of the Treasurer. The total receipts for the first ten years of Marion county's existence were as follows :

From this report it will be seen that the expense of the county administration averaged two hundred seven dollars and ninety-nine cents per year, truly a modest beginning, but perhaps ample for the day, and the people of that frugal time.

Of the population of the county in 1900, fourteen thousand one hundred and sixteen were residents of the nine incorporated cities and villages, and the rest country residents, nearly one-half therefore dwelt in the cities and villages. It will be noticed that from 1880 to 1890 only a increase of six hundred and fifty inhabitants for the ten years, this may be accounted for by the heavy imigration from the county to newer fields, farther west, during that decade. The above table shows a steady increase in values and per capita. In 1900 is shown a slight fall- ing off of the per capita tax, but owing to a change in the system of assessment, it is more apparent than real. The true value is many millions more than shown by the assessors' books.

Physical And Statistical Facts Of The County

The original field notes of the survey of the county give only about three thousand acres of swamp land in the county, and that is not really swamp, but low lands which could be and indeed, most of it has been, drained and forms the most fertile farm lands. These same notes give a total of three hundred and sixty-four thousand nine hundred and sixty-five acres in the county. In accord with the act of Congress, of March 4, 1854, the county has sold of the swamp lands at from one dollar and fifty cents to two dollars and fifty cents per acre. In 1824 the records show ownership of only one thousand and forty acres, the rest all being public domain, on which the settlers "squatted," i. e., settled without title. The law of 1852, granting to the Illinois Central Railroad Company, all unsold lands in the even numbered sections on each side of the said road, six sections deep, or in width east of said road, and the same amount west of the same, it was found that not over one hundred and sixty-five thousand acres, in round numbers, had become the property of individuals, but by the close of 1865, all the lands in the county had been entered. The last was eighty acres entered by John W. Clark, April 28, 1865, it being the east half of the northwest quarter of section 25, in township i north, range 4 east, or in Romaine township. The first sale of land after the county was formed was by Rufus Ricker and Lydia, his wife, who conveyed by deed, to D. Baldridge, eighty acres, being the east half of the northeast quarter of section 33, township i north, range i east (Centralia). The price was four hundred dollars and the deed is dated March 18, 1823. This land is near the city of Centralia, and is worth in the neighborhood of one hundred dollars per acre. In the same year the west half of the northwest quarter of section 15, town i north, range 2 east, was sold for one hundred and ten dollars. This land was farther from settlements and not much improved.

There is no record of any land sales in 1824 and only two in 1825; one eighty-acre piece, which sold for one hundred dollars, and another which brought three hundred dollars. Only one piece was sold in 1826, it being twenty-four acres, now a part of the city of Salem, which sold for one hundred dollars. There were six sales in 1827, three of these being in section n, town 2, range 2, two of these were eighty-acre pieces and sold for one dollar and twentyfive cents per acre, the third was twenty acres and brought five 'dollars per acre. Two sales of land in what is now Centralia township, one eighty, at two dollars and fifty cents per acre, and another eighty brought three dollars and seventy-five cents per acre. And one eighty in Meacham brought one dollar, eighty-seven and onehalf cents per acre. In 1828 only one sale is recorded. It was the same eighty acres in section 29, town i, range i, which had been sold in 1825 for one hundred dollars, now it brought two hundred dollars. Only one sale is on record for 1829, it being eighty acres in section 28, town i, range i, and brought four dollars, thirty-seven and one-half cents per acre. In 1830 there were three sales: ninety-six acres near Salem for five hundred dollars and seventy acres also near Salem, sold for two hundred dollars, and an eightyacre piece in section 27, town i, range i, was bought for two hundred dollars. In 1831 but three sales are of record, the same eighty in section 29, town I, range I, which already had been sold twice was sold again at three dollars and seventy-five cents per acre. Eighty acres in section 17, town i, range 2, brought one dollar eighty-seven and one-half cents per acre and eighty acres in section 9, town 2, range 4 (luka). This was the first land sale in this township and the land brought five dollars per acre. There was only one sale of land in 1832, eighty acres in section n, town 2, range 2, which sold for two hundred dollars.

In the first ten years of the county's existence there were only twenty sales of land, and only fifteen hundred and sixty acres had been transferred ; the lowest price paid was one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre and the highest, five dollars per acre. Land sales were of rare occurrence until after the building of the Illinois Central Railroad and the

Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, which were projected about the same time and which not only opened a way for the emigrant to come into the county easily and speedily but by furnishing transportation for products of the farm, added an impetus to sales of land. In 1850 there were only four hundred and forty acres of land that changed ownership at an average price of four dollars and ten cents. Other property was low also, as the report of a few sales will show. Some artcles sold high because- of the scarcity of manufactured articles. At an administrator's sale, held by Hardy Foster, administrator of Henry Whatley's estate, the following articles were sold at the price named: one bay mare, fifty-two dollars ; one colt, twentynine dollars; one bed, seventeen dollars and twelve and one-half cents; one saddle and bridle, ten dollars and twelve and one-half cents ; one beadstead, two dollars and twelve and one-half cents ; one skillet, two dollars ; one pair of saddlebags, one dollar and eighty-seven and one-half cents; one razor, fifty cents; one bottle castor oil, fifty cents; one butcher knife, twenty-five cents. This sale was held on the 2Oth day of January, 1828, and is the first of record in the county, of administrator's sale. At another sale, held in March, 1828, hogs were sold at one dollar and twenty-five cents each; one sow for three dollars and twenty-five cents; a plow for four dollars ; an ax, one dollar and fifty cents; hoe. seventy-five cents; spinning wheel, one dollar: loom, eleven dollars; a counteqjane, two dollars ; quilt, ninety cents ; well rope, seventy-five cents ; yoke of steers, eighteen dollars ; a cow, five dollars and seventy-five cents; a heifer, two dollars and fifty cents; a cart, five dollars, thirty-seven and one-half cents; three chairs, one dollar and fifty cents; smoothing iron, fifty cents. It will be noticed that no guns or other weapons were sold. Yet every household was well supplied in that day with implements for hunting and defense, and though this list of articles is small, it comprises the articles found among the wealthiest citizens. On Monday, August 2, 1824, was held the first election for county officers, of which any record can be found. There seems to be only a partial return made, as the vote for commissioner is about twice that for coroner. Mark Tully, for Sheriff received fiftyfive votes ; H. C. Nichols, for the same office, received thirty-eight votes; Samuel Davidson received thirty-four votes for coroner, while for commissioner, three to be elected, Benjamin Vermillion received fifty-three votes; Israel Jennings, forty-three votes; Aaron Hicks, fifty-one votes; Leonard P. Piles, fifty-five votes; J. W. Nichols, thirtynine votes; James Piles, forty-three votes.

"I, Rufus Ricker, Clerk of the County Commissioner's court, and Joseph Hensley, Justice of the Peace for said county, state of Illinois, do hereby certify that the above is a correct abstract of the votes for the officers above mentioned, as returned of the poll book. Given under our hands this /th day of August, 1824. RUFUS RICKER."

sign this crude instrument and it as a record is thus incomplete and might have led to questioning the legality of the officers' tenure of office, but it seems that in that day the office was not worth contesting for, and the lack of Hensley's signature was unnoticed. The first circuit court was held in the house of James Young. John Reynolds, one of the associate judges of the supreme court of Illinois, presided as Judge, Rufus Ricker was Clerk and Jesse Roberts was Sheriff. Court was opened April 29, 1823, and the following were impannelled as a grand jury: Benjamin Vermillion, foreman, Leonard Piles, William Nichols, William Davidson, James Young, Mark Tully, William Pursley, William Marshall, James Martin, Thomas Welch, Gidion Burton, John Wilson, John Bundy, Dornton Baldridge, Thomas Neal, D. R. Chance, Malachi Ware, William Albert, John Phelps, Samuel Davidson, John Edington, Nimrod Phelps and John Walling. The grand jurors were sworn in and retired, but soon returned into court with the following report: No business. Whereupon the grand jury was discharged. Doubtless the shortest session of any grand jury in the state.

Not So Many Trials In Those Days

There seems to have been no trials at this term of court and it therefore adjourned. The second term opened October 30. 1823, and was presided over by Thomas Reynolds, Chief Justice of the supreme court. Mark Tully served as Sheriff. The grand jury at this term returned six indictments for assault and battery. Fighting seems to have been a favorite pastime \vith the settlers, and in the early days no weapons were used save those furnished by nature, but all that nature furnished were used, fist and feet, biting, gouging, kicking, hair-pulling and any other method of getting the best of an adversary were permissible, and not often did the vanquished resort to the law, although forty-nine indictments for assault and battery were returned in the first seven terms of court, but this is but a small proportion of the fights that took place in the same time. The first divorce was granted to Henry Whatley from Elizabeth Whatley, September 27, 1827. The charge was the Scriptural one, and the decree prohibited the defendant from re-marrying for two years. The trial was by jury. On the 27th of September, 1831, John G. Edmonson and William Foster were tried on an indictment for forgery, and the following jury found both guilty: Benjamin Vermillion, Joseph Hallowell, William Tully, James Davis, Andrew Taylor, Marcum Lovell, Wilkins Tatum, Jonathan Williams, Jr., Illis Branson. Isaac Anderick, Thomas Taylor and W. S. Booth. They were sentenced to receive twenty lashes, i. e., to be whipped, and to be confined in jail twenty- four hours, and to pay a fine of one dollar each. They were whipped in public on the 28th day of September. A special term of circuit court was called for December, 1835, and during this term the first murder trial was held, William Burton being tried for the murder of James Gray. The jury evidently thought the killing justifiable and acquitted Burton. Justice of the Peace W. D. Haney was tried for palpable omission of duty and was fined five dollars at the March term of the court. John Dillingham was indicted for larceny and was tried in March, 1837. He was convicted, was sentenced to three years in the penitentiary, one month in solitary confinement and two years and eleven months at hard labor. This was the first penitentiary sentence from the county. In 1839 the following citizens were fined for gambling: James Bowman, Martin Crouch, John Pursley and Henry C. Nichols. They were fined ten dollars each in September of 1839. G. W. Pace was also indicted for selling liquor on Sunday, and was fined fifteen dollars. Joseph Brasell was murdered in September, 1841. William Fatharll was indicted for the crime, but escaped and fled from the state, whereupon the Governor published the following proclamation in the State Journal, March 4, 1842:

"State of Illinois, ss. "WHEREAS, It has been represented to me that William Fatharll is charged with the murder of Joseph Brasell, of Marion county, in this state. Now, therefore, I, Thomas Carlin, Governor of said state, by virtue of the powers vested in me by law, do offer a reward of two hundred dollars to any person or persons who will apprehend the said William Fatharll and deliver him to the sheriff of said Marion county, provided the said Fatharll shall be apprehended after the date of this proclamation.

"In testimony whereof I have set my hand and caused the seal of the state to be annexed, at .Springfield, this 2d day of March, 1842. By the Governor.

"Said William Fatharll is represented to be about five feet seven inches high, thirtyfive years of age, and to have dark hair, inclined to be rather thin on the crown of his head, dark yellow eyes (just what this means is beyond us. - Ed.), sandy beard and whiskers, a scar somewhere about his nose, also one on his throat not easily seen unless his head is raised, to be rather dark complexioned, with heavy downcast countenance, and not much inclined to talk when sober. He had on when last seen a white fur hat, a blue frock coat with brownish hunting shirt over it, and had a rifle gun with percussion lock, and tame catskin shot bag, spotted black and white. The Illinois Sentinel, Vandalia; The Reporter, St. Lows; The Democrat, Chicago, will please publish two weeks and send their bills to office of Secretary of State.

James White was tried for the murder of Andrew J. Applegate at a saloon about half a mile south of Salem, on the i6th of April, 1 86 1. An inquest was held by the coroner, W. H. Fraser. Only two witnesses, \V. H. Smith and Henry C. Thompson, were heard, and a verdict to the effect that the deceased came to his death by a stab from a knife in the hands of James White on the morning of April 16, 1861, in the grocery owned by Benjamin Crane, one mile south of Salem, 111. White was arrested the same day by a citizen and turned over to the sheriff. White had a preliminary hearing before B. F. Marshall, and John W. Merritt, two justices of the peace, and was by them remanded to jail without bond, to await the action of the grand jury. White made a very short statement, in which he said : "My name is James White, I am nineteen years old, I have no family, and have lived in this county six months."

The testimony of Smith was most full, he said : "I am twenty-seven years old, I live in Clinton, DeWitt county, Illinois, and came here last Monday. I never saw the prisoner until yesterday, the i6th of April, when I met him at the grocery south of town. (In an early day saloons were always called groceries by the people. - Ed.) Myself, the deceased, the prisoner, Mr. Thompson and one Willis Albert, were in the grocery, about sunup. Albert Thompson and myself were sitting on one bench, the prisoner was sitting on another by himself, the deceased was lying on a third bench, all in the same room. Albert tried, to wake the deceased up. Deceased did not like it much. Albert left him and sat down on the bench. The prisoner then told the deceased to get up, but he did not get up, then the prisoner took an iron poker and punched the deceased gently and told him to get up. Deceased now arose and had some conversation with us of no importance. Deceased was angry because he had been waked up. Deceased and the prisoner had some words, half angry, half in good humor. I thought it was their way of talking together. They talked some time when Thompson told them to shut up and sit down. They sat down on the same bench. Deceased said the prisoner had been trying to impose on him. The prisoner denied this, but said from this on he would. They both rose up, and deceased said he would as leave die as not, and began pulling off his coat, but whether it was all off or not I don't know. Deceased stepped up towards the stove and stood there ; the prisoner stood near, facing him, and told the deceased not to hit him. The next thing I saw was the prisoner drawing a knife from the left breast of deceased. There was blood on the knife and on the deceased's clothes. The prisoner then jumped over the counter and took a double-barreled shot gun, pointing it towards the deceased. After the deceased was struck he stood up a few seconds and then fell forward on the floor; he was dead from the wound. The prisoner took a cloth and wiped the blood from his knife and put it in its sheath, and told Thompson to take the key of the grocery. The prisoner then said : 'Let us all go out,' and we all went out, and he locked the door after us, leaving the deceased on the floor. The prisoner left the key on a pan in the blacksmith shop, then went away. The knife with which the killing was done was a bowie-knife, silver mounted; the blade was six and one-half to eight inches long. All this took place in Marion county."

Thompson's testimony was about the same, the only difference is that he says that he saw the prisoner stab the deceased twice, and closed his testimony by saying: "I know this man killed the deceased."

White broke out of jail but was soon recaptured and a special grand jury was called at a special July term of the circuit court and found a true bill against White for murder, signed Amos Watts, State's Attorney.

Amos Watts was afterward elected circuit judge. Watts lived at Nashville, but was State's Attorney for the whole judicial circuit, as the law then did not provide a prosecuting attorney for each county. Hon. Silas L. Bryan was Circuit Judge, J. O. Chance was Circuit Clerk, T. J. Black was Sheriff. Judge Bryan was the father of W. J. Bryan, late candidate for the presidency. J. O. Chance was for many years clerk of the Appellate Court at Mt. Vernon, Illinois. The petit jury that tried White was composed of some of the best citizens of the county, and some of them are still living, honored citizens of the county.

by the party in the bar room. As they were some of them, asleep at sunrise, doubtless a night of debauchery was followed by a morning' of half sober bravado. White, though so young, must have been a hardened criminal, or else have been rendered reckless by drink. The proprietor, it will be observed, was not present, which points to a crowd of debauchees too drunk to go home, the night before. The whole tragedy points to a moral for young men, which it would be wise to heed. White was the first man tried in the new court house for a serious crime, and was defended by Hon. T. E. Merritt, of Salem, still active in his profession, and Governor Henry Warmoth, of Louisiana, then a young attorney of Salem. There have been many killings in the eighty years of Marion county's history, most of them in self-defense or justifiable homicide, and about some of them hangs much mystery. In 1863 Willis Black, who was a Deputy Sheriff and keeper of the jail, in company with two Deputy United States marshals, was killed near the south line of Salem township. It is said that he, in company of the marshals, went to arrest a deserter from the army, when near the farm of John Cunningham they met the deserter, who fired, striking Black in the forehead, killing him instantly. The deserter fled but the marshals were so badly frightened they whipped their horses, and with the dead body of Black lying in the carriage drove as fast as they could to Centralia, and thence to Salem. If any steps were ever taken to capture the unknown deserter they came to naught, and even the name of the murderer is unknown. Crime is always on the frontier, for to the obscurity of the frontier the criminals of older communities go to elude capture. Yet in all Marion county not more than a halfdozen criminals could be found in the first thirty years of her history, and today the proud record is that in proportion to population she ranks with the best as a law abiding, peace-loving community, whose people believe in the supremacy of the law and the protection of the state.

The Black Hawk war was the first war that called forth the militia of Marion county. Although there was no time from its first settlement until the close of the Black Hawk war that the settlers were safe from Indian attack, although from the small number of Indians in the vicinity the danger was not so great as in other parts of the West, but being on the Kaskaskia and Vincennes trail, was likely to be visited by roving bands, who were only kept from murdering the inhabitants by a wholesome fear of a swift and sure revenge by the whites.

Black Hawk was born in 1767 in the Sauk village and ranked equal to such Indian leaders as King Philip, Brandt, Logan and Tecumseh in his desire to obliterate the whites, but while beyond doubt he was a great man, his military talents fell below the high powers of those great chieftains, and ranked with those of the lesser leaders of the red men. He was eloquent in the coun- -cils of the warriors. Like all Indians he was grave and solemn in manner. He was ambitious to be known as a great war chief. The -only road to fame in the Indian mind is the path of war, and not until he has proven his prowess by killing an enemy may he sit among the warriors of his nation in the .council room. This rank may be shown by painting a bloody hand on his blanket, which entitles him to the esteem of the whole tribe. In 1810 and 1811 there was a general uneasiness among the Indians of the Northwest Territory, fostered by the British agents acting under orders from Quebec. The Sacs were invited to visit the Prophet (Tecumseh's brother) at Prophetstown, and were there filled with the resentment against the Americans. A body of Winnebagoes had murdered a few whites, and a knowledge of this act excited the Sacs under the leadership of Black Hawk, to do likewise. A part of his band joined a band of Winnebagoes and attacked Fort Madison in 1811. The Indians failed in the attack, and Black Hawk, who had led the Sacs, thirsted for white blood to efface the shame of failure. In 1813 British emmissaries arrived at Rock Island with a large quantity of goods and persuaded Black Hawk and five hundred warriors to go with Colonel Dixon to Canada. At Green Bay they joined the assembled bands of Ottawas, Pottawatomies. Winnebagoes and Kickapoos, under the leadership of Colonel Dickson, as it can hardly be said that he commanded them. Black Hawk and this band took part in the battles of the Raisin River, Lower Sandusky and other places, but he was not content with the small amount of plunder received, thinking the fighting out of proportion with it. He, with a small band of warriors, withdrew and returned to Sauk Village at Rock Island, where he remained in apparent peace until 1831, with the exception of a fight on Quiver river settlement, Missouri, in which one white man and one Indian were killed. It is not certain that Black Hawk was present at this skirmish. Early in the twenties the government had secured, by various treaties, title to the village and whole country of the Sacs and Fox tribes. Black Hawk and his band refused to remove, but determined to remain in possession of their ancient village at or near the junction of the Rock river with the Father of Waters. In 1828 some of the land had been surveyed and sold, a part of which was in the village itself. The Indians resisted the settlers' taking possession, which led to some disturbances.

The Governor, understanding the Indian character and knowing that they would soon be on the warpath, made no delay, but issued a call for seven hundred men from the militia of the state. The call was issued on May 26, 1831, and Beardstown on the Illinois river, was the appointed place of rendezvous. The call was promptly answered and men who were familiar with Indian warfare, and whose proficiency with the rifle had been acquired by long practice, promptly volunteered to protect the northern settlers.

These were men who knew but little of military tactics, but were accustomed to care for themselves in all circumstances. They were mounted on their own horses and equipped with their own arms. After eight days' marching they arrived within a fewmiles of the Sacs Village, where they united with the United States troops under General Gaines and encamped for the night. The next morning he marched against the Indian village, but found it deserted. Black Hawk having crossed the Mississippi during the night. General Gaines sent orders to Black Hawk to come to Rock Island at once and make a treaty of peace, or as an alternate he would cross the river and attack him at once. In a few days Black Hawk, with twenty-eight of his chief men, appeared, and on the thirtieth of June, 1831, signed a treaty of peace, after a full council with Governor John Reynolds and General Gaines. This closed the Black Hawk war of 1831. But in a few. months new troubles with Black Hawk began. During the winter of 1831 and 1832 it became evident that the treaty signed in June was not regarded by the Indians. Black Hawk and his band were restless and were evidently preparing for a raid. A chief of the Winnebagoes, whose village was about thirty miles up Rock river, crossed the Mississippi, and joined Black Hawk and his band. He made them believe that all the Indians on the Rock river would join them, and that they, thus united, could defy the whites. Black Hawk was deceived and decided to recross the Mississippi, and early in 1832 appeared on the east side with his warriors. Many of the Sacs and Foxes joined him and formed a determined and somewhat formidable band. He first assembled them at Fort Madison on the Mississippi, and afterwards marched up the river to the Banks and encamped April 6, 1832. The settlers were greatly alarmed, a general panic ensued, the whole frontier from the river to Lake Michigan was in a ferment of excitement and fear. Many settlers abandoned their homes and fled. The Governor called out a large number of volunteers on the i6th of April, who were to operate in conjunction with the United States troops under General Atkinson, who was in command of the forces at Rock Island. The volunteers were commanded to rendezvous at Beardstown, on April 22d.

This sketch of the Black Hawk trouble has been given because of Marion county's part in the settlement of the difficulty. A company was organized in this county and was ready to march June i, 1832. The officers were: William M. Dobbins, captain; Dr. Frazier, first lieutenant; Stephen Yokum, second lieutenant ; Jesse M. Wade, orderly sergeant; Judge Samuel Hull, sergeant. Each man furnished his own horse and arms, which consisted of a rifle, some of which were flint-lock, hatchet or ax. where one was owned, and the hunting-knife. There was not a sword or pistol in the company. Officers were expected to fight the same as the men. Eacli man carried a sack of provisions of his own or neighbor's providing.

bled in the court-house square in Salem and were addressed by Rev. Simeon Walker upon the awful solemnity of the occasion and admonished them to acquit themselves like American soldiers. Upon their arrival near Beardstown they were placed in a battalion under Major John Dement and placed in a brigade under General Posey and were known as Posey's brigade. They were ordered to Rock Island and on the third night reached Rock river and camped. The next morning while making an early march they were met by a courier who informed them that the Indians were near. Thirty men were sent before breakfast to reconnoiter and ascertain the enemy's strength. They soon observed three Indians running away from them and apparently dropping something from time to time on the ground. Two or three of the soldiers followed the running Indians, when a large body of savages rose up and disclosed an ambush, cutting off the detachment. A fight took place in which five men from the Jefferson county company were killed. The Indians then attacked the camp, but were repulsed with considerable loss. The Indians destroyed many of the horses belonging to the troops. That evening the whites were reinforced and took the offensive, pursuing the Indians. A part of Posey's brigade fought the battle of Bad Ax where the Indians were badly defeated. Cholera now broke out among the troops and General Scott, who had arrived, scattered the troops to save them from the scourge. All the soldiers from Marion county lived to return, but have long since passed away, the last survivor, Judge Samuel Hull, having died October 27, 1890. He lived honored and respected by every citizen of the county, who for many years kept him in office as one who was thoroughly trusted and who never betrayed that trust. He was the father of E. Hull, late of Salem, deceased, of John Hull, formerly president of the Illinois Southern Normal School, and Dr. Darwin Hull, of Bloomingotn, and grandfather of Senator C. E. Hull, of Salem.

The following is the roster of the men from Marion county in this war : Dudley Mayberry, William McGee, Joseph Fyke, Samuel Hays, Isaac Copple, David R. Chance, John McGuire, Edward Young, William Gaston, Bird M. Simpson, Stephen Yokum, Benjamin Allen, Daniel Myers, William Hadden, John F. Jones, Thomas Chapman, Samuel H. Craig, Willis Smith, James Richardson, King brothers, John B. Ules, John Eagan, John Phelps, Calvin Piles, Tod Phelps, Hamilton Fathing, John F. Drapar, William M. Dobbins, Jesse M. Wade, Dr. Frazier, William Hill, Samuel Hull, N. B. Nelms, Leven Wright, Asa Warren, James Davenport, Green Duncan, Young P. Barbee, William Craig and David W. Allman, almost all of whom have descendants now living in the county.

The Winnebagoes made a treaty in September, 1832, by which they sold to the government all their lands south of the Wisconsin river and west of Green Bay. The price paid by the United States was

$70,000, in seven equal installments, schools for the children for twenty years, besides a liberal gift of oxen, tools, etc. A few days later ( September 2ist) the S.acs and Fox tribes sold to the government what is now the state of Iowa, for which they received twenty thousand dollars a year for twenty years, forty kegs of tobacco, forty barrels of salt, gunsmith and blacksmith shops ; also six thousand bushels of corn, mostly for the Black Hawk band. These treaties settled the Indian troubles forever in Illinois and only now and then was life in danger from the Indians and then only as by any other criminal.

The last Indian murder in this county was of an Indian by an Indian near where the Shanafelt school house now stands and no proof being had as to who did the killing, the guilty party escaped punishment, yet the thought lingers that if the victim had been a white man they could have found the murderer.

Marion county furnished men for Company C, Sixth Regiment, Illinois, for the Mexican war. The requisition for raising a company of infantry was received at Salem on May 2, 1847, which in four days' time was organized and reported for duty. On May 1 7th, the company marched from Salem, and on the igth arrived at Alton, and were mustered into the service of the United States May 2ist. On June I7th, they left Alton and arrived at Fort Leaven- worth June 29th, were equipped with arms the next day, and were inspected by Col. E. W. Newby. On Independence Day the troops had a general parade, listened to the reading of the Declaration of Independence and were addressed by the chaplain of the fort. The first division of the Illinois Sixth Regiment was composed of companies B, C and E, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Boyakin. The regimental officers, as far as Marion county is interested, were Henderson P. Boyakin, who enlisted as a private in Company C, but was elected from the ranks to be lieutenant colonel at Alton, in June, 1847; Daniel Turney, surgeon by appointment of the President; Assistant Surgeon Thomas B. Lester, of Salem ; Drummer Thomas W. Pace, of Salem. The company officers were Vantramp Turner, captain; Isham N. Haynie, Salem, first lieutenant; Leven Wright and Benjamin F. Marshall, Salem, second lieutenants and first sergeants was Jesse M. Wade and the sergenats were: Lougin J. Wnorouski, James S. Martin and Joseph \Vham ; the corporals were : James N. Barr, James Nelson, Dwyer Tracey and James M. B. Gaston, while Cornelius N. Breese and William N. Haynie were musicians. The privates mustered out were: James G. Anglin, Nathan Adams, James S. Anderson, Richard S. Allman, George W. Ashton, Peter Burkhout, Augustus W. Beasley, William Beasley, Joseph A. Barbee, Alexander Bundy, W. Bundy, Isaac Bundy, Barney L. Blackburn, H. P. Cox, Milton Cucthin, James M. Chasteen, James

Companies B, C and E left Fort Leavenworth July 9th, with a wagon train of thirty-three wagons, thirty others having been sent on before. The destination was Santa Fe. The route led across what was then known as The Great American Desert. Following generally the Santa Fe trail, their way led to Shawnee Camp, thence to Lone Elm, Bull Creek, Rock Creek, Council Grove, Diamond Springs, Cottonwood Creek, Turkey Creek, Plumb Point, Big Bend on the Arkansas, Pawnee Rock, Man's Ford, Seminole Springs, San Miguel, to Santa Fe, where they arrived on Sunday, the 1 2th day of September. There they went into camp and remained until February 9, 1848, when, by order of General Price, they started on the march to Albuquerque, then a town of Mexico, eighty miles from Santa Fe, where they arrived on the 1 4th of February. On this march they passed San Philipi on the Rio Grande. Albuquerque was a town of about one thousand inhabitants and was the headquarters of the Mexican general. Armego, whose reputation as a bandit, desperado and guerrilla was well established. They remained here until the close of the war.

On the loth of July they received orders from Washington that peace had been declared between the United States and Mexico, and on July 2Oth, they received marching orders to return home, and started on the homeward march, July 25th, and arrived at Fort Leavenworth on the loth of September, 1848. They had marched more than two thousand miles through a barren country, infested by a savage, treacherous foe, had been often without water, and had to depend largely for subsistance upon the skill of their hunters. The only fire possible was that made from dried "buffalo chips." and were two months and three days making the march from Santa Fe to Fort Leavenworth. Now, only sixty years later, the journey may be made in two days with all the comforts of a modern parlor. The death list, during the term of service, was as follows: James Baxter died at Fort Leavenworth. July 14, 1847; J. W. Collins died on march to Santa Fe, July 14, 1847; J. Wadkins died at Fort Leavenworth, July 15, 1847; Robert Easley died on march,

August 5, 1847; William Brasel died at Fort Leavenworth, August 19, 1847; William W. Jones died at Santa Fe, September 29, 1847; F- L. Cheeley died at Santa Fe, November 22, 1847;. James Cooper died at Santa Fe, February 4, 1848; William H. Bass died at Santa Fe, January n, 1848; J. H. White, died at Santa Fe, January 22, 1848; U. Vaughn died at Albuquerque, April 25, 1848.

The following were discharged before the final muster out of the company, on October 13, 1848: Jesse Ray, at Las Vegas, January 9, 1848; Zachariah Young, at Santa Fe, January n, 1848; James M. Cox, at Albuquerque, April n, 1848; Lorenzo Minard, Albuquerque, April n, 1848; Andrew Ray, Las Vegas, June 8, 1848; John Bethard, Las Vegas, June 8, 1848; John M. Whitlock, Santa Fe, August 14, 1848; Hart well G. Wilson, Las Vegas, August 18, 1848. Thomas W. Pace was appointed drum major on March 6, 1847. John T. Damon, second lieutenant of Company E, died at Santa Fe, December 28, 1847. James Reed was transferred to Company B, June 27, 1847. The following were mustered out October 14, 1848, at Alton, they being Marion county men enlisted in Company E: Corporals Randolph C. Goddard and Augustus K. Askey, and Privates John "W. Bullock, Elijah Bums. Walter M. C. Damon, Richard Epperson, William E. Goddard, Samuel Springs and Joseph Springs. The folowing died : A. J. Campbell, at Fish Creek, July 20, 1847. and Franklin J. Brown, at Santa Fe, September 27, 1847. Those discharged were:

Jackson Lyman, at Fort Leavenworth, July 27, 1847; W. O. Buckner, at Las Vegas, April 26, 1848; W. Stephenson, at Las Vegas, April 26, 1848. Of those who enlisted from Marion county, all but a very few have responded to the roll call from the other side. The only one known to be living in 1908 in Marion county is William Bundy, an honored citizen, enjoying the respect of his fellow citizens and the well earned fruits of a good life.

Of the soldiers of the Mexican war, many rose to distinction in after life. Isham N. Haynie was adjutant general during the Civil war; B. F. Marshall was elected to county office and was for many years cashier of the Salem National Bank; James S. Martin was colonel of the One Hundred and Eleventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry in the Civil war; D. Tracy was Circuit Clerk of the county for several years, and others filled important places in life, as will more fully appear in other chapters. Lieut- Col. Henderson F. Boyakin was a lawyer in Salem, and died January n, 1849, and sleeps in the cemetery at Salem. In life he was very popular with his fellow citizens and has several namesakes among the sons of those who inarched to Mexico, across the plains, and the given name of Boyakin is a monument to his worth and a token of the esteem in which he was held by the soldiers of the Mexican war.

several regiments called out in defense of the Union of states. One out of every eight of the entire population being in the field. The first enlistments from the county were in the Eleventh Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. This regiment was called into service under the proclamation of President Lincoln, April 1 6, 1861, and was mustered in at Springfield, April 30, 1861, for three months, by Captain Pope. The regiment re-enlisted July 30, 1861, for three years and was mustered out at Baton Rouge, Louisiana. July 14, 1865, having served four years, two months and fourteen days. This regiment served in Missouri and Kentucky until early in 1862. On the jth and 8th of January it had its first "brush" w'ith the enemy under the celebrated Jeff Thompson. It was in the campaign against Forts Henry and Donelson and at the latter fort during the siege and final capture lost three hundred and twenty-nine men, in killed, wounded and missing, out of five hundred men engaged, seventy-two being kilkd and one hundred and eighty-two being wounded. On April 6th and 7th, at the battle of Shiloh the regiment lost twenty-seven men in killed and wounded, out of one hundred and fifty engaged. It was in the skirmishes at Jackson, Tennessee. The regiment was returned to Cairo to recruit in August, 1862, and returned to the field in Northern Mississippi, April 23, 1863. The One Hundred and Ninth regiment was transferred to the Eleventh, increasing the number of men by five hundred and eighty-nine and was sent to Vicksburg, arriving May i8th and participated in that campaign until the surrender, July 4, 1863. On February ist, it started on an expedition on the Yazoo river and engaged in two skirmishes, losing four killed and nine wounded at Liverpool Heights, February 5th, and on March 5th, lost one officer and eight men killed and twenty-four wounded, twelve missing, in the skirmish at Yazoo City. The roster is as follows: George C. McKee, major, term expired July 30, 1864; Benjamin H. Pearson, chaplain, resigned January 18, 1863; First Lieutenand Robert Jehue, killed March 5, 1864; Second Lieutenant John Parkinson, commissioned, returned ; Sergeants : Charles A. Roper, died November 18, 1861 ; William Parkinson, promoted to first sergeant, discharged June 7, 1863 ; John Parkinson, promoted to first sergeant, discharged September 16, 1864, term expired; Corporals : John S. McWilliams, mustered out July 29, 1864; Martin A. Smith, mustered out July 29, 1864; Byron Parkhurst, wounded six times, died May 10, 1862; George Crabtree, wounded, discharged November 26, 1862 ; George Copple, promoted to sergeant, term expired September 16, 1864; Privates: Charles Beal. discharged August 16, 1864, term expired; John Baggs, wounded, discharged August 18, 1862; Silas Baltzell, discharged June 7, 1863 ; David L. Browder, veteran, died March 5, 1864; W. H. Carpenter, wounded, discharged August i, 1862; William Copple, wounded, discharged July 20, 1862; David Copple, term expired August 16, 1864:

Simpson Copple. promoted to sergeant, term expired August 16, 1864; John R. Copple, killed at Clinton, Mississippi, July 7, 1864; A. J. Crabtree, promoted to corporal, term expired August 17, 1864; James Cain, killed at Vicksburg, July 2, 1863: George W. Elfretz, veteranized, transferred; Elijah Hayes, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862; James Huston, died October 22. 1861 ; William A. Hartley, wounded, discharged November 26, 1862; Green Hodges, mustered out October i, 1864; James A. Freazier, mustered out September 16, 1864: Elijah Jolliff, veteranized, promoted to corporal, transferred; John R. Kell, wounded, discharged November 26, 1862; James H. Kerry, killed at Shiloh April 6, 1862; John O. Kittsapper, mustered out September 16, 1864; William C. Myers, disability, discharged, January 5, 1862; John E. Mc- Neil, discharged August 16, 1864; Charles Xeeham, killed at Fort Donelson, February 15, 1862; Henry Nichols, veteranized, promoted to corporal, transferred : John M. Posted, died November i, 1861 ; Joel Pitts, transferred October 27, 1863 ; Allen Roper, veteranized, transferred; Jesse W. Roper, discharged August 16, 1864; Enoch Rush, killed at Fort Donelson February 15, 1862; Isaac Rush, died October 17, 1861 ; Henry Smith, veteranized, transferred; Jacob Smith, discharged August 16, 1864; Benjamin J. Sweeknerd. promoted to sergeant and first sergeant, veteranized, transferred; John Shaw, veteranized, promoted to sergeant, transferred; Henry Taylor, mustered out September 16, 1864; David Taylor, mustered out September 16, 1864; Frederick Thurston, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862; Joseph Wooley, no record; Zadock C. Williams, discharged February 14, 1862 ; Christopher Whitlow, died September 6, 1861 ; Henry H. Waymen, veteranized, promoted to corporal, transferred. The following were recruited into the regiment ; James Camron, mustered out July 14, 1865; George W. Garber, promoted to corporal and transferred to the Third Colored Cavalry, regular army; William R. Watkins, promoted to corporal, mustered out July 14. 1865. In Company M was George Rowell, who deserted May 10, 1862. In Company I was William Butler, term expired with regiment. In Company K was recruit James Smith, who deserted May 18, 1862. Out of the few men from Marion county in this regiment, eight were killed in battle; six were wounded and six died, making a heavy total for the small number of men enlisted. One man, Jackson Budd, was in the Twelfth Regiment and died of wounds, March 12. 1862.

In the Eighteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry there were a few men. The regiment was organized at Anna, Illinois, first for thirty days in state service, by then Capt. U. S. Grant, and was mustered into the United States service by Capt. T. G. Pitcher, of the regular army, May 28, 1861, was in Missouri and Cairo, Illinois, was at the taking of Fort Henry, February 6, 1862, and, as a part of the First brigade, commanded by Col. Richard J. Oglesby, marched to Fort Donelson, February 1 1 , 1862; was in the three days' fight at the taking of that fort, losing many men in killed and wounded; was in the battle of Shiloh, April 6th and jth; was in the advance on Corinth. The regiment was recruited and re-organized at this time and ordered into the department of Arkansas, where they served until the close of the war, and was mustered out at Little Rock, Arkansas, December 16, 1865. The Marion county men were : Capt. Joseph T. McCormick, resigned November 1 6, 1861; First Lieutenant Bedford Wimer, resigned November 17, 1861 ; Privates Jonathan Davis, no record; George Davis, wounded, discharged, August 25, 1862; Jacob J. Gaissman, veteranized, corporal, mustered out December 16, 1865 ; Michael McDermont, killed at Fort Donelson February 1 6, 1862; Milo Wager was a recruit in this regiment, no record. After the regiment was re-organized, the following privates were in Company B: Peter Bell, mustered out December 16, 1865; Samuel L. Wisher, mustered out December 16, 1865; and in Company D: E. L. Stanberry, deserted July 4, 1865 ; John P. Whitlow, mustered out December 16, 1865, as corporal.

The Twenty-second Illinois Volunteer Infantry was organized at Belleville, Illinois, May n, 1 86 1, and mustered into the service of the United States for three years at Caseyville, by Capt. T. G. Pitcher, United States Army, June 25, 1861. Company G, of this regiment, was raised in

Marion county and a few men also were in other companies. The regiment was at Bird's Point, Missouri, and a part of it took part in the disastrous battle of Belmont; were under General Grant in Missouri, in the early part of 1862; were at Tiptonville, under General Payne, where they intercepted and captured four thousand prisoners after the fall of Island No. 10, among whom were two general officers; were in the skirmishes at Farmington, May 3d, 5th and Qth; were at the siege of Corinth, and afterward guarded the Memphis & Charleston Railroad until August 26th, when they fell back to Nashville by forced marches, where they arrived September n, 1862; was in the severe, two days' battle of Stone River, losing many men. Out of three hundred and forty-two men going into battle, only one hundred and forty-three were able to answer roll call, the rest, one hundred and ninety-nine, being killed or wounded. It was in the battle of Chickamauga, September iQth and 2Oth, under General Sheridan, losing one hundred and thirtyfive officers and men, out of less than three hundred engaged. The regiment took part in the storming of Missionary Ridge, with a heavy loss. On March 6, 1864, full rations were issued the regiment for the first . time in six months. They had been on the march or in isolated places and kept out of touch with the commissary, so that it was impossible to keep them supplied, the mountains of East Tennessee being the scene of their operations during that period (winter of 1863 and 1864); was with Sher- man in the Atlanta campaign and in the battle of Resaca, where it had twenty men killed and wounded. On June 10, 1864 the regiment was ordered to Springfield, Illinois, to be mustered out. The recruits and veterans left were consolidated with the Forty-second Illinois Volunteers. The men from Marion county in this regiment were: Major Probst Enadies, resigned January 16, 1862; private, Company A, Thomas J. Boring, discharged to enter the regular army; captain, Company C, William A. Greary, discharged July 7, 1864, term expired; first lieutenant, Andrew J. Walsh, discharged July 7, 1864, term expired; second lieutenant, James Stansifer, honorably discharged February 27, 1864; sergeants: Stewart R. Smith, mustered out July 7, 1864; Charles W. Davis, died of wounds November 8, 1861 ; Corporals Thomas D. Stevenson, mustered out July 7, 1864; Jacob R. Cozart, discharged, disability, January 8, 1863; Reuben J. Hoffman, wounded at Chickamauga, mustered out July 7, 1864; John W. Young, promoted to sergeant, died from wounds received at Chickamauga, January 10, 1864; Wagoner James Ryan, deserted December 2, 1 86 1 ; Privates John Albert, mustered out July 7, 1864; Marshall Butcher, died at Annapolis, March 17, 1863; Philip Benedict, wounded at Belmont, transferred to Vetem Relief Corps; Frank C. Burdick, promoted to first sergeant, discharged for promotion; A. H. Denny, deserted December 7, 1862; Frank Dosh, mustered out July 7, 1864; Thomas Foley, mustered out

July 7, 1864; Benjamin Galloup, deserted April 24, 1862; Elder X. Hoffman, mustered out July 7, 1864; Robert H. Johnson, died at Corinth, October 20, 1862; James Jackson, disability, discharged February 20, 1862; Moses Lampay, mustered out July 7, 1864; Fred Meinher, transferred to Veteran Relief Corps, September 20, 1863; Edward McKinney, mustered out July 7, 1864; Paul Nerderkam, deserted October 13, 1862; James Morrow, deserted December 2, 1861 ; John Rapp, disability, discharged March 7, 1862; Abraham Sinerly, disability, discharged April 4, 1863; John Taylor, died at St. Louis, October 9, 1862; Frederick Voght, transferred, veteranized; Edward Ward, mustered out July 7, 1864; Michael Wholon, mustered out July 7, 1864 - . was wounded at Stone River; Bernhard Winkler, disability, discharged December 17, 1861 ; William Wilkins, mustered out July 7, 1864; James C. Young, mustered out July 7, 1864; Recruits George W. Davis, left sick on field; William H. Killen, disability, discharged June 15, 1862; Michael O'Shaughnessy, mustered out July 7, 1864; Gotleib Voght, killed at Stone River December 31, 1862; Henry White, disability, discharged May 14, 1862; Company G, Captain James S. Jackson, honorably discharged May 12, 1863; First Lieutenant Solomon Smith, resigned April 17, 1863; Second Lieutenant Edward J. Jackson, resigned November 27, 1861 ; Joseph C. Murphy, resigned July 15, 1862; John G. Beasley, term expired

July 7, 1864; First Sergeant Arch A. Hamilton, reduced, dismissed June 13, 1862, for disability; John C. Morgan, killed at Belmont November 7, 1861 ; Corporals George W. Russell, died of wounds July 9, 1864; Robert H. Mallory, died of wounds January i, 1863; Clinton B. Hall, died of wounds, April 8, 1863; Isaiah Lear, wounded, discharged September 26, 1862; Charles McElwane, deserted December 2, 1861 ; Musician Barton W. Barnes, reduced, mustered out July 7, 1864; Privates Jonas Brim, discharged October 28, 1862, for disability; James R. Britt, corporal, killed at Chickamaugua September 19, 1863; John Beley, veteranized, disability, discharged June 22, 1865; Charles Blessing, transferred to gunboat; James Burge, killed at Chickamauga September 19, 1863; George W. Blankenship, taken prisoner, mustered out January 6, 1863; Benjamin F. Crossnan, veteranized, mustered out December 16, 1865; Samuel W. Cunningham, died of wounds February 15, 1863; Mathew R. Cunningham, mustered out July 7, 1864; Michael Dawson, deserted April 25. 1862; John W. Day, veteranized, transferred to First U. S. Engineers; William \V. Elliott, discharged to be made assistant surgeon of Fiftyfirst Illinois; Oscar B. Fuller, mustered out July 7, 1864; Leonard A. Fuller, mustered out July 7, 1864; Charles Fincham, deserted April 25, 1862; William Gray, mustered out July 7, 1864; Michael Hogan, mustered out July 7, 1864; John Hensley, died of wounds March 16, 1864;

James A. Honeycutt, veteranized, deserted December 15, 1864; Francis M. Hensley, mustered out July 7, 1 864 ; William Houchen, mustered out July 7, 1864, was a wagoner; Lafayette L. Jones, mustered out July 7, 1864; Thomas N. Jones, wounded, discharged December 31, 1861 ; John R. Kell, sergeant, wounded, discharged July 12, 1862; John J. Kennison, discharged to enlist in the Fourth regular cavalry; John Cline, disability, discharged February 18, 1862; Charles Kook, wounded, discharged August 29, 1861 ; Commodore P. Lackey, transferred to Veteran Relief Corps, September 6, 1863; Joseph Myers, mustered out July 7, 1864; Jonas Myers, mustered out July 7, 1864; John Morrissey, killed at Belmont, November 7. 1861 ; Hugh Mc- Elwee, disability, discharged, April 19, 1862: Francis M. McCarthy, died at Bird's Point, November 7, 1861 ; Robert P. H. Pitcher, dishonorably discharged; Uriah Phelps, mustered out July 7, 1864; Milton Phillips, disability, discharged November i, 1861 ; Daniel Quinn, mustered out July 7, 1864; James M. D. Russell, mustered out July 7, 1864; Dennis Ryan, transferred to Veteran Relief Corps May 3, 1864; Frank Strickland, disability, discharged February 16, 1863 ; Charles Tatham, disability, discharged April 28, 1863 ; Samuel G. Tate, discharged, enlisted in Fourth U. S. Cavalry; Jacob M. Thumb, deserted September i, 1862 ; Jacob Van Patten, died of wounds February 28, 1863; John E. White, mus- tered out July 7, 1864; John M. Wilson, mustered out July 7, 1864; Adam Wimberly, disability, discharged November i, 1 86 1 ; Joseph Wilkinson, mustered out July 7, 1864; Samuel Young, disability, discharged January 31, 1862. The following recruits were added to the muster roll : John Adams, killed at Belmont, November 7, 1861 ; George Anderson, deserted May 24, 1862; Denis Bloomer, deserted May 24, 1862; George Cunningham, wounded, discharged August 13, 1863; Isham E. Hodges, mustered out July 7, 1864; Thomas Huggins, wounded, discharged May 29, 1863; Abram Kessle, deserted April 25. 1862 ; Hezekiah Lassaler, under age, discharged September 30, 1861 ; Hiram Lype, discharged, enlisted in Fourth regular cavalry; Alvin S. Raney, disability, discharged October 2, 1863 ; John M. Raney, detached; Mathew Raney, killed at Belmont November 7, 1861 ; William D. Russell, discharged June 5, 1862; William Spouts, veteranized, mustered out June 27, 1865 ; Patrick Whalen, no record. Two privates were in Company H, viz. : Mathew M. Gaston, and David A. Goree, both mustered out July 7, 1864.

The Twenty-first Regiment Illinois Volunteers, Grant's old regiment as it is known among the "boys of "61," was organized at Mattoon, Illinois, May 9, 1861. Warren E. McMackin was the lieutenant-colonel : he was taken prisoner at the battle of Chickamauga, was exchanged and served until mustered out, December 8, 1864; Alonzo L. Mills was a commissary sergeant in this regiment; Joseph Wham, afterward paymaster in the regular army, was first lieutenant in Company G, and was mustered out of the regiment December 16, 1865. Major Wham is now on the retired list with rank of major; Fritz W. Brown was second lieutenant in the same company, mustered out December 16, 1865; George A. Trinor was sergeant, mustered out July 5, 1864; Corporal John Myers, veteranized; Charles S. Burrough, mustered out July 5, 1864; Samuel Lonnon, died at Baltimore, Maryland, March 20, 1865; John Barmes, musician, mustered out July 5, 1864: Henry H. Davenport, disability, discharged September 16, 1861 ; Lucius C. Gardner, missing since the battle of Chickamauga ; George W. Hamilton, disability, discharged May 30, 1863 ; James R. Richardson, mustered out July 5, 1864; T. A. M. Richardson, disability, discharged September 16, 1861 ; George W. Richardson, mustered out July 5, 1864; Robert and John Shugart, both mustered out July 5, 1864; Samuel W. Shultz, veteranized ; David L. Shultz, wounded, mustered out July 5, 1865; John F. Watson, missing since battle of Chickamauga; Joseph W. Wham, veteranized; Garrett J. Gilman, mustered out December 16, 1865 ; John W. Myers, mustered out June 14. 1865; Daniel \Y. Harley, discharged September 27, 1864; John F. Newson, died September 20, 1863; Francis L. Wham, died in Andersonville prison, July 24, 1864, grave No. 3910.

ty-first Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry. The regiment was organized at Cairo, Illinois, September 8, 1861, by Col. John A. Logan. Captain Pitcher, U. S. A., mustered it into service. It was brigaded with the brigade of Gen. John A. McClernand, and took part in the battle of Belmont, November 7, 1 86 1, served in Kentucky, and February 6th occupied Fort Henry in Tennessee; was in the three days' fight at Fort Donelson, February I3th, i/ith and I5th; was at Pittsburg Landing and the siege of Corinth, after which it was at Jackson a short time, reinforced General Rosecrans at Corinth in October, but arrived too late for the battle; went after the enemy to Ripley; spent the rest of the year 1862 in camp in Mississippi. On January i, 1863, the regiment was in the First Brigade, Third Division, Seventeenth Army Corps. Gen. J. E. Smith commanded the brigade, Brig.- Gen. John A. Logan, commanding with Maj.-Gen. J. B. McPherson commanding the corps. On the I5th it started on a tour through Tennessee and Mississippi, and May ist went to the assistance of General McClernand at Thompson's Hill. The soldiers had nothing to eat the night before and were without rations. Notwithstanding this lack of food, they marched twelve miles in three hours and saved the day by repulsing the enemy's right flank. On the next day they crossed Bayou Pierre and on the third day caught up with the enemy and again defeated them ; continued the pursuit of the enemy, skirmishing every day, until the 1 2th, when they made a stand at Raymond, but were driven to Jackson, where they were defeated on the I2th, after a severe fight. Again at Champion Hills they defeated the enemy and arrived before Vicksburg on the igth. They were in the charge on Fort Hill and lost two officers and eight men killed and forty wounded. The flag of the regiment was shot to pieces, not less than one hundred and fifty-three shots striking it. On the 5th of January, 1864, the regiment veteranized, and on February 3d started on the Meridian campaign ; were sent home March 19, 1864, on veteran furlough, but returned to the front in May and joined Sherman at Actworth; was in the Hood campaign and took part in the March to the Sea. The regiment took part in thirty-one battles and skirmishes, several of which lasted two or three days. The Marion county men in the Thirty-first were as follows, all in Company K: Captain A. S. Somerville, dismissed May 28, 1862; First Lieutenant Henry T. Snider, resigned April 24, 1862 ; Henry C. Lewis, mustered out July 19, 1865; Second Lieutenant Pinkney K. Watts, resigned August 8, 1863; Sergeants John A. Vanhiming, killed at Belmont, November 7, 1861 ; Robert L. Carpenter, veteranized, mustered out July 19, 1865; Benjamin F. Brookes, transferred to Veteran Relief Corps, October 27, 1863; Musician John M. Bemiss, deserted January n, 1863; Privates William P. Barnet and Charles R. Barnet, no record; John W. Boswell, transferred; Jacob R. Bell, veteranized, mustered out J-uly 19, 1865; \Vesley Blalock, no record;

Samuel D. Billings, promoted to chief musician ; James Brofield, mustered out May 31, 1865; Patrick Cooney, veteranized, wounded and was not at muster out on that account; George \Y. Campbell, died March n, 1862; Larkin Donoho, discharged January 8, 1864; William Denney, term expired, mustered out January 28, 1864; Jacob Gurick, killed at Fort Donelson February 15, 1862; John Hutchcraft, killed at Kenesaw Mountain June 27, 1864; David Kisner, veteranized, promoted to sergeant, mustered out July 19, 1865; William H. Lewis, no record; Henry C. Lewis, veteranized, promoted to first lieutenant ; Aaron Mosby, veteranized, mustered out July 19, 1865; Andrew M. Peddicord, veteranized, mustere out July 19, 1865; Benjamin F. Patterson, veteranized, mustered out July 19, 1865; Elijah Rector, discharged June 30, 1862; Samuel E. Sanders, veteranized, mustered out July 19, 1865 ; Walter Simon; Edward Teets; Thomas Waterhouse, missing in action July 22, 1864. The recruits of Company K were : James H. Branch, mustered out July 19, 1865; James Kelley, deserted June 13, 1862; John Laflin, disability, discharged April 17, 1862; James N. Mills, mustered out July 19, 1865 ; Martin V. Milham, mustered out July 19, 1865; John Phelps, died June 30, 1865 ; Leander Skeen, transferred; William Weaver; Pinkney K. Watts, promoted to second lieutenant. Six men from Marion county were in the Thirty-third Regiment, viz. : Quartermaster Simeon Wright, resigned August 22, 1864; First Assistant Surgeon Nathan W. Abbott, was mustered out for promotion ; Quartermaster Sergeant Elmer Washburn ; Commissary Sergeants Samuel Tilden, mustered out November 24, 1864; Luther H. Prosser, mustered out November 24, 1864; Musician J. B. Sanders, mustered out August 12, 1862. There were also fifteen men from Marion county in the Thirty-fourth Regiment, Company I : Musician Henry Lego, veteranized, mustered out July 12, 1865; Privates Chris Backman, veteranized, mustered out as corporal July 12, 1865; George Fleming; William H. French, veteranized, mustered out July 12, 1865: Jacob Heglem, veteranized, mustered out July 12, 1865 ; John F. Heglin, veteranized, mustered out July 12, 1864; Henry Houghtailing, mustered out September 12, 1864; Adam Kuhler, veteranized, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps December 21, 1864; Levi Lower, mustered out September 12, 1864; George Robbins; Peter Saur, veteranized, mustered out as corporal July 12, 1865; Nels Yonson, veteranized, mustered out as corporal July 12, 1865; Recruits Nelson W. Manning, mustered out July 12, 1865; Samuel Scott, mustered out July 12, 1865; George W. Wells, mustered out July 12, 1865. A few men from Marion, county were in the Thirty-ninth Infantry, known as the Yates Phalanx. They were: Quartermaster Sergeant Stewart W. Hoffman, promoted to quartermaster; Captain Adolphus B. Hoffman, term expired December 30, 1864; First Lieutenant William Lamb, killed in battle April 2, 1865; Sergeants

William Abbott, disability, discharged August 27, 1862; Barney Mulvaney, disability, discharged July 27, 1862; Corporals George Babbit, term expired, discharged October ii, 1864; George Brown, disability, discharged (no date) ; John Bras, veteranized, mustered out as sergeant December 6, 1865; Christopher Comson, veteranized, promoted to quartermaster sergeant ; P. Dwight, veteranized, disability, discharged as first sergeant June 7, 1865 ; John Harrison, died of wounds at Point Lookout (no date) ; Dennis Kane, died at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, November i, 1861 ; William H. Lamb, veteranized, promoted to first sergeant ; Owen Loughram, veteranized, promoted to sergeant, killed October 13, 1864; Ebenezer Morse, sergeant, mustered out December 6, 1865; James Nelson, term expired, discharged October n, 1864; James Stout, veteranized; wounded, discharged October 18, 1864, Albert Stanton, veteranized, mustered out December 6, 1865.

The Fortieth Illinois Infantry was commanded by Stephen G. Hicks, a Salem lawyer, who responded to the call of the Union early in 1861. The regiment was accepted July 25th and went into camp at Sandoval, Illinois, August 5th; was mustered in August 10, 1 86 1, seven hundred strong; was ordered to Illinois Town (now East St. Louis) by the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad and crossed to Jefferson Barracks. Here they were armed with the old rifled muskets from the arsenal at Harper's Ferry and sent to Paducah, Kentucky. It was brigaded with the Ninth Illinois, Eighth Missouri and Twenty-third Indiana and was under the command of Colonel, after General, W. H. L. (Lew) Wallace. The Fortieth was at Paducah, Ky., almost all the time until after the taking of Fortieth was at Paducah almost all gaded with the Forty-eighth Indiana and Forty-sixth Ohio, and the brigade placed under the command of Colonel Hicks, Lieut.-Col. Boothe commanding the regiment; was ordered to Savanah, Tennessee, March 6, 1862, and soon established a permanent camp at Pittsburg Landing; took part in the terrible battle at that place on April 6th. Nearly half of the regiment was killed or disabled; Colonel Hicks was wounded through the left lung and shoulder; Captain Hooper was killed. On the 2d of June the regiment went to Corinth; on the 7th moved to Chaville, then to Lagrange; during the month of July scouted and took Holly Springs; reached Memphis on the 2 ist of July and went into camp at Fort Pickering. Here Colonel Hicks was discharged on account of his wounds with honorable mention. He was afterward reinstated at his own request. At the end of four months he was ordered to Holly Springs, thence to Salem and Springhill, Lagrange and Grand Junction ; January 9th relieved the garrison at Davis Mills and spent the rest of the winter there. Lieut.-Col. Boothe resigned January I3th and Adjutant Ray on January 26th. Major Barnhill succeeded to the lieutenant colonelcv and returned to the regiment from detached service January 15, 1864: took part in the battle of Missionary Ridge and went into winter quarters at Scottsville, Alabama.

The regiment re-enlisted January i, 1864, 345 men strong. During the two years and five months the regiment had been out there were 261 deaths, seventeen discharged, six transferred, missing in action and desertions, seventeen. The regiment was with Sherman on his March to the Sea. Took part in the Grand Review at Washington and was mustered out July 24, 1865. Colonel Hicks, at the close of the war, returned to Salem, where he died on December 14, 1869, never having regained his health after beingwounded, but suffered continually until his release by death. He sleeps in East Lawn cemetery at Salem, and the "Boys" he commanded are fast being called to sleep at his side, and soon the last will be gone and only the unfeeling type will tell their story. The roll of Marion county men is: Stephen G. Hicks, colonel, detached when regiment was mustered out; James W. Boothe, lieutenant colonel, resigned January 13, 1863; Surgeon Samuel W. Thompson, resigned June 3, 1862; William M. Elliott, resigned February 22, 1864; Sergeants, Major Samuel J. Winans, killed at Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863; Samuel B. Stokely; Musicians John Chapman, discharged August 26 (term expired), 1864; Isaac Young, killed at Griswoldville, Georgia, November 22, 1864. Company B: Captain William T. Sprouse, resigned August 4, 1863; John Perkins, mustered out July 24, 1865; First

Lieutenants, Joshua Goodwin, resigned May 31, 1863; Benjamin E. Baldwin, mustered out July 24, 1865; Second Lieutenant William R. Lynch, mustered out as sergeant July 24, 1865; First Sergeant Benjamin F. Davidson; Sergeants Robert Perkins, George W. Mitchell, Ellis Neal, disability, discharged at Memphis; Corporals John T. Lyons, given sick furlough November i, 1863, never returned; Henry H. Wolf, term expired, discharged August 9, 1864; William Lynch, veteranized, promoted ; James M. Keaton, veteranized, promoted sergeant, sergeant-major; Thomas F. Rogers; James J. Brown; Charles M. See, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1864; Privates John Arnold, veteranized, discharged June 23, 1865 ; George Arnold, veteranized, died at Marietta, Georgia, of wounds; Thomas S. Anderson ; Lorenzo D. Almon, discharged, term expired August 9, 1864; William Barnett, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; John A. Clayton; McCager Clayton; William Craig, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; John W. Climer, veteranized, mustered out as corporal July 24, 1865; Fred Dietz, discharged December n, 1861 ; Samuel Ellison; William F. Eagan, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Wesley French, transferred; Wilson Gardner, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; Naum W. Gibbs, disability, discharged; John C. Gill, term expired, discharged Aug. 9, 1864; Calvin Garner, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Ellis S. Gibson, transferred; William T. Hamilton, transferred ; Henry D. King, disability, discharged March 23, 1863; John R. Hickason, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Bruce H. Hatton, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; Francis M. Haley; John F. Jarrott; John L. Jones, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Albert C. Johnson; David Jones, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; George W. Loveless; Silas" Lock, died September 16, 1861 ; William C. Lock, disability, discharged November 2, 1863; Henry W. Lape; Robert P. Manion, term expired, discharged August 9, 1864; Richard Markle, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; James Mc- Daniel, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; Henry D. Mahon, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Calvin A. Morris, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; James A. Nebins, discharged December 3, 1 86 1 ; Robert G. Nance, promoted; Solomon Osborne, term expired, discharged August 9, 1864; John Perkins, veteranized, promoted first lieutenant; Amos Parks, veteranized, died in hospital of wounds; David K. Prewett, veteranized, absent on sick list from May 28, 1865 ; Joseph W. Powell, veteranized ; Charles Pearson, mustered out July 24, 1865; Jacob Parks; Riley Piesgrove; George W. Rogers; Samuel Reed; Amos Rees; Joseph H. Schafer, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; Samuel B. Stokeley, veteranized, promoted ; Conrad S. Whitman, died September 1 8. 1863; Rilew Walsh, term expired, discharged August 9, 1864; Clinton Wolf, term expired, discharged August 9, 1864; Isaac Young, promoted. Recruits: James J. Ball, term expired, discharged December 25, 1864; Miles Chapman, died of wounds August 12, 1864; John W. Doolin, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Thomas Evans, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Joseph J. Gardiner, mustered out July 24, 1865; Charles Gardiner, mustered out July 24, 1865; Bodkin D. Henly, mustered out July 24, 1865; Calvin Marvon, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Asahel O. Trumble, mustered out July 24, 1865; Silas Williamson, mustered out July 24, 1865; Culbreth Webb, mustered out July 24, 1865. In Company H were : Captains Samuel D. Stewart, honorably discharged November i, 1862; Thomas G. Kelly, mustered out as first lieutenant April 5, 1865; First Lieutenant Henry Blessing, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Second Lieutenant Luther Scott, mustered out July 24, 1865; Corporals John A. Parkson, term expired, discharged August 9, 1864; William R. Green, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; George H. Straight, disability, discharged August 9, 1864; Thomas G. Martin, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; Musician Obediah F. Evans, wounded; Privates John L. Birge, veteranized, killed by accident while on furlough ; Chancy Boughton ; Henry C. Caseloth, term expired, discharged August 9, 1864; Amos Conklin; J. B. Caseloth, veteranized, mustered out July -24, 1865; William T. Evans; Edmond Fouche, veteranized, killed at Griswoldville, Georgia, November 22, 1864; John M. Green; Hugh M. Parkinson, term expired, discharged August 9, 1864; Harden C. Rines, veteranized, transferred to Veteran Relief Corps; Milton G. Rudd; Theodore Sexton, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; James J. Watson, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; Recruits: John G. Burrow; John Ekleman, veteranized, deserted May 12, 1864; John Evert, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; William M. French, veteranized; Silas S. Gibson, veteranized, transferred; John Hamilton, veteranized; Thomas G. Johnson; William C. Jarrott; John McCabe deserted ; M. B. Phillips, veteranized, died at Lookout Mountain October n, 1864; A. M. Smith; transferred from One Hundred and Third Illinois Volunteer Infantry and all mustered out July 24, 1865; Thomas J. Corder, Ora Chapin, Charles C. Mendenhall, William A. Ralston, James C. Ralston, John C. Whitaker. In Company I : Second Lieutenant J. W. Blackburn, mustered out July 24, 1865; Privates: William Beard, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Alfred Beard, disability, discharged February 1 6, 1863; W. T. Perry, veteranized, deserted March 15, 1865; F. H. Perry, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; B. C. Tate, term expired, discharged August 9, 1864; S. Shadden, term expired, discharged August 9, 1864; Recruits: Elijah Beard, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; John W. Blackburn, veteranized, promoted; James F. Pickett, disability, discharged February 17, 1863; George Shockman, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Adolphus H. Tate, veteranized, mustered aut July 24, 1865. In Company K:

Second Lieutenant George A. Miller, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Sergeant Felix G. Ross ; Musician Benjamin Martin ; Privates : P. Mannon, veteranized, killed at Kenesaw Mountain June 27, 1864; Miles Allen, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Thomas Chapman, discharged January 13, 1862; John Chapman, promoted; Daniel W. Chapman, term expired, discharged August 27, 1864; John W. Cain; W. L. Dillon, veteranized, mustered out July 24, 1865; Henry Fisher, disability, discharged January 27, 1864; Josiah Gibson, veteranized, died of wounds August 14, 1864; William R. Meeks, veteranized, disability, discharged July 2, 1864; George A. Miller, promoted.

The following recruits were unassigned: William H. Ashley, James Davis, Thomas L. Knight, J. K. P. Stanford, Charles Scott, Joseph H. Slook, James B. Wood.

One company of the Forty-eighth Infantry was made up almost entirely of Marion county men. The regiment was organized at Camp Butler, September, 1861, by Isham N. Haynie, a Marion county man, and numbered nine hundred men; arrived at Cairo November nth, and was soon at the front; was in the following battles, twenty-four in number, and several of them lasting two or three days; Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, three days ; Shiloh, two days : before Corinth eight or ten days ; Black River ; Jackson, six days; Missionary Ridge, two days: at the siege of Knoxville several days; Resaca. three days ; at Dallas four days ; New Hope Church, six days; before Kenesaw Mountain twenty-three days ; Sandtown, seven days ; Decatur, one day ; Atlanta, three days, and at the siege of that place twenty-nine days; Jonesboro, one day; Lovejoy, two days; Fort McAllister, one day; at the siege of Savanah and Duck River about twenty days; South Edisto, one day; Columbia, two days, and Bentonville, one day, and every day of this number were more or less exposed to the enemy's fire. The regiment soon became seasoned, and proved their fighting grit in every emergency. These Marion county men were in Company F: Surgeon William Hill, resigned April 27, 1862; Isaac Bundy, chaplain, resigned August 24, 1864; Commissary Sergeant William A. Bookins, mustered out August 15, 1865; Hospital Steward Thomas Williams, promoted to surgeon Sixth Tennessee Cavalry, October 4, 1862; Captain Milton H. Lydick, resigned October 12, 1864; First Lieutenants: Alexander L. Wellman, term expired ; John A. Barr, mustered out August 15, 1865; Second Lieutenants: John R. Daily, dismissed by court martial October 16, 1862; Benjamin F. Keeler, mustered out August 15, 1865; Sergeants: William Precise, died at Centralia, Illinois, November 24, 1863; Robert F. Mc- Neill, died at Centralia, Illinois, April 13, 1862; Richard Breeze, disability, discharged May 8, 1862; Corporals: George Terry, mustered out November 9, 1864; Archibald B. Scott, disabilty, discharged May 6, 1862; William Richardson, disability, discharged June 23, 1864; Frederick F. Benson, vetteranized, wounded, discharged; William G. \Vhite, died at Chattanooga July 28, 1864;

Nathaniel A. Winks, mustered out November 9, 1864; William A. Hervey, mustered out November 9, 1864; Musicians: Allin G. Ball, died at Centralia, Illinois, December 15, 1864; August Walters, mustered out November 9, 1864; Privates: William Adams, mustered out August 15, 1865; Nathan Adams, disability, discharged January 31, 1862; Thomas J. Adams, died at Savannah, Tennessee, April n, 1862; T. Burke, veteranized, .died at Indianapolis, Indiana, January 24, 1864; Gideon Bolton, disability, discharged February 21, 1862; William A. Brookins, veteranized, promoted sergeant; William Breeze, disability, discharged January n, 1862; John F. Butler, veteranized, killed at Atlanta July 28, 1864; George H. Chorgel, veteranized, disability, discharged June 25, 1865; Peter Dougherty, mustered out November 9, 1864; Phillip Davidson, died at Cairo, Illinois, December 14, 1861 ; William Evans, discharged September 2, 1862; James M. Fyke, died at Centralia, Illinois, October 19, 1861 ; Richard C. Farthing, veteranized, mustered out August 15, 1864; Thomas R. Falkner, veteranized, mustered out August 15, 1864; Conadus Gray, died at Camp Butler, Illinois, November 25, 1861 ; Jacob E. R. Garish, died at Camp Butler, Illinois, December 16, 1861 ; John Henshilwood, veteranized, mustered out August 15, 1865; Henry L. Heart, veteranized, mustered out August 15, 1865; Allen H. Hays, disability, discharged February 21, 1862; Henry Hothen, mustered out November 9, 1864; Benjamin F. Keeler, veteranized, mustered out August 15, 1865; John \Y. Lonnon, veteranized, mustered out August 15, 1865; John McBride, mustered out November 9, 1864; Samuel B. McNeill, discharged May 8, 1862; John C. Meredith, veteranized, mustered out August 15, 1865; Pembroke Mercer, promoted; William E. Purcell, promoted; Robert W. Prosise, deserted December 7, 1863; Thomas Phillips, disability, discharged July 22, 1862; Mathew Pendergrass, mustered out November 9, 1864; Charles Ruff, mustered out October 5, 1864; Dougald Rose, mustered out November 9, 1864; James Sloss, disability, discharged September 26, 1862; James Shaw, mustered out November 9, 1864; William Tate, discharged May 8, 1862; Thomas Tucker, veteranized, mustered out August 15, 1865; Henry Vischman, deserted April 4, 1862; George Williamson, veteranized, died at Rome, Georgia, October 4, 1864; William H. Winks, died at Savannah, Tennessee, March 31, 1862; Preston Willey, disability, discharged October 14, 1862; Recruits: Nathan A. Adams, mustered out August 15, 1865 ; Willis Alexander, mustered out August 15, 1865; William H. Burge, mustered out August 15, 1865 ; Christ M. Chrise, killed at Jonesboro, Georgia, September i, 1864; William D. Farthing, mustered out August 15, 1865; Adolphus Grote, mustered out August 15, 1865 : Frederick Grote, mustered out August 15, 1865; James Huckleberry, died at Rome, Georgia, October 11, 1864; Charles Kirkpatrick, discharged May 18, 1862;