Marion County, Illinois - The whole text, 1909 (part 3 of 27)

Nicholas Lewer, mustered out August 15, 1865; James W. L. Monds, veteranized; John Rimmer, mustered out August 15, 1865; John Reno, died at Camp Butler, April 12, 1864; Samuel Shook, wounded, discharged May 17, 1865; John C. Sands, mustered out August 15, 1865; William H. Sabin, mustered out August 15, 1865; George Seibel, mustered out August 15, 1865; William Schroeder, died at Scottsboro, Alabama, April 2, 1864; Thomas Taylor, mustered out August 15, 1865; Preston Willey, mustered out August 15, 1865; Peter E. Warren, mustered out August 15, 1865 ; James K. Warren, died before Atlanta, Georgia, August 12, 1864; John B. Welch, deserted June 22, 1865; Daniel J. Wilson, mustered out August 15, 1865; John Crutchfield was in Company K and mustered out June 27, 1865.

The Forty-ninth had men in seven of its companies from Marion county. The regiment was organized at Camp Butler by Colonel William R. Morrison December 31, 1 86 1 ; was ordered to Cairo in February, 1 862; was in McClernand's Division at the capture of Fort Henry; lost fourteen men killed and thirty-seven wounded at Fort Donelson on February I3th. Colonel Morrison, who was in command of the brigade, was severely wounded; was present at Shiloh, losing seventeen killed and ninety-nine wounded. Lieutenant-Colonel Pease, afterward colonel, was wounded at this battle; was at the siege of Corinth; was moved to Bethel, June i4th, and placed in John A. Logan's First Division; was afterward placed in the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, under Maj.-Gen. S. A. Hurlbut; was in General Steele's expedition to Little Rock, joining the army at Brownsville, Arkansas ; was at the capture of Little Rock, November 10, 1863. Threefourths of the regiment veteranized January 15, 1864, and on January 2/th moved to Vicksburg; was with General Sherman in the Meridian campaign; was sent on the Red River expedition and took part in the capture of Fort DeRussey, March I4th, and the battle of Pleasant Hill, April 9th. Returned to Illinois June 24th, for veteran furlough. Those not veteranized remained in the field commanded by Cap. J. A. Logan, and took part in the battle of Tupelo, July 14 and 15, 1864. The veterans rejoined the regiment at Holly Springs; were in the pursuit of Price through Missouri ; Arrived at Nashville, Tennessee, in time to take part in the battle at that place on December 1 5th and i6th; was ordered to Paducah to muster out non-veterans, and did garrison duty until mustered out September 9, 1865. The muster roll contains the names of the following Marion county men : Phineas Pease, colonel, term expired January 9, 1865; Frank J. Burrows, adjutant, was on detached service when regiment was mustered out; Surgeon Stephen F. Mercer, mustered out September 9, 1865; First Assistant Surgeon James A. Black, mustered out September 9, 1865; Commissary Sergeant William Branson, reduced to ranks; William E. Farrow, veteranized, second assistant surgeon, mustered out January 9,

1865; Corporals: Fred Sternberg, mustered out January 9, 1865; Zeh. John, mustered out January 9. 1865; Recruits: Alexander Ross, deserted December 6, 1864; William Stork, mustered out September 9, 1865; John W. Brokaw, killed at Fort Donelson February 13, 1862; Emery B. Harlin, promoted to assistant adjutant general on staff of General Palmer; Sergeants: Thomas O. Hess, discharged August 26, 1863 ; Albert Marsh, transferred to gunboat February 21, 1862; Oscar W. Brokaw, veteranized; Corporals : John Wilson, died at Cincinnati of wounds March 14, 1862; Charles O'Neill, disability, discharged June i, 1862; William S. McKinney, died of wounds August n, 1862; Mathew R. Kell, died a prisoner in Andersonville March 7, 1865; grave No. 18; Musicians: Ephraim Williams, died a prisoner at Andersonville July 13, 1865, grave No. 3254 ; Marion Richardson, veteranized, mustered out September 9, 1865; Wagoner Timothy Baldwin, killed at Shiloh April 6, 1862; Privates: James Bradshaw, transferred to gunboat, February 21, 1862; Isaac Y. Barten, veteranized, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; John G. Burggraf, veteranized, mustered out September 9, 1865; Edward Cuming, transferred to gunboat February 26, 1865; William Clemens, veteranized, mustered out September 9, 1865; Fred B. Eavin, mustered out January 9, 1865; William E. Farrow, promoted; Reuben A. Grunendike, transferred to Veteran Relief Corps November 29, 1864; William Holmes, disability, dis- charged November 28, 1862; Henry A. Higgins, disability, discharged February 10, 1863 ; Carlin L. Mitchell, died at Camp Butler January 16, 1862; William Peters, mustered out January 27, 1865 ; Thomas M. Smith, disability, discharged July 22, 1862; Wesley Simmonds, disability, discharged September 27, 1863; Eben Taylor, disability, discharged September 28, 1862; Jonathan J. Thomas, died at St. Louis May 16, 1862; Ira C. Wiggins, deserted April 14, 1863; Recruits: Samuel D. Alexander, mustered out September 9, 1865; James W. Alexander, died at Memphis, July 10, 1864; James M. Butler, died at St. Louis November 29, 1864; Henry Elefritz, mustered out September 9, 1865; James Ellis, mustered out September 9, 1865; James Finley, died at Salem September 3, 1864; John M. Hewet, mustered out September 9, 1865; Andrew Langdall, mustered out September 9, 1865; James H. McBride, mustered out September 9, 1865; Charles P. Oyler, discharged to be captain in One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Colored Regiment. United States Regulars ; James Pullen, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; Edward Washburn, died at home October 8, 1865; Charles J. Weidon, disability, discharged September 13, 1863; James Winks, mustered out September 9, 1865; Vincent P. Williamson, mustered out September 9, 1865; Clement M. Williams, wounded, mustered out September 9, 1865. Company F, recruits : George W. Crabtree, mustered out September 9, 1865; Thomas C. Drake, died at Memphis March 29, 1865 ; John C. Holt, mustered out

September 9, 1865 ; Arthur C. Leonard, died January 9, 1863 ; Samuel Meyers, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; John W. Shelton, mustered out September 9, 1865; William V. Shelton, mustered out September 9, 1865; Jesse West, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; Andrew Wadkins, died at Memphis July 2, 1864. In Company G, Jonathan Mills, mustered out September 9, 1 865 ; Recruits : George W. Smith, died at Paducah, Kentucky, April 24, 1865. In Company H, recruits: Jacob Branch, mustered out September 9, 1865; Julius Jahr, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; George Krebs, died at Paducah, Kentucky, June 27, 1865; John Margolf, mustered out September 9, 1865; Daniel Morganstarr, mustered out September 9, 1865. In Company I, recruits: Jaques Chancy, died at Memphis May 6, 1864; James O'Donnell, mustered out July 18, 1865 ; Hiram M. Miller, mustered out September 9, 1865. In Company K, privates: Jesse Hughes, veteranized, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; Garrick McCart, died at Camp Butler February 13, 1862; recruits: Clark Anderson, mustered out July i , 1 865 ; Burrell J. Blanton, mustered out September 9, 1865; Jerome Brookmann. died at Paducah, Kentucky, April 8, 1865; Henry H. Coil, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; Edmund N. Creekmur, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; Elzy D. Davenport, mustered out September 9, 1865; James P. Estes, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; William E. Ellis, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; Eli L. Foster, mustered out September 9, 1865; James Garrison, mustered out September 9,

1865; Stephen Gossett, mustered out September 9, 1865; Albert Green, died at Paducah, Kentucky, March 20, 1865; Gillam Harris, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; William T. Keen, died at Memphis June 17, 1864; Elvis Keen, deserted September 4, 1863; Marshall McLain, deserted September 4, 1863; Alfred H. Meador, mustered out September 9, 1865; Daniel W. Morris, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; Larry L. Nichols, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; Benjamin B. Nichols, mustered out September 9, 1865; Rufus Place, mustered out September 9, 1865; William J. Phillips, mustered out September

9, 1865; Charles E. Short, mustered out September 9, 1865; Benjamin F. Scott, mustered out September 9, 1865; Bartholomew Wood, mustered out September 9, 1865; William J. Wiggins, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; Lafayette Wigginton, mustered out September 9, 1865 ; Isaac W. Waters, mustered out September 9, 1865; James Widger, mustered out September 9, 1 865 ; unassigned recruits with the regiment: German O. Ball, rejected; John Conners; Frederick Just, deserted February 28, 1864; James Pearse.

Company A of the Fifty-first Regiment enlisted in Marion county. The regiment was organized at Chicago, Illinois, the day before Christmas, 1861, and on the I4th of February was ordered to Cairo, and from there went to Missouri; was at Island No.

General Mackall ; was in the battle of Stone River on the 3ist day of December, 1862, and suffered severely, losing in killed, wounded and missing, fifty-seven men ; lost ninety men out of two hundred and nine at the battle of Chickamauga, September 19, 1863; was at Missionary Ridge, November 24th, and lost one-fifth of the men engaged, or thirty out of one hundred and fifty ; was mustered in as veterans February 10, 1864; was in a skirmish at Rockyface Ridge May gth, and at the battle of Resaca on the i4th, losing twenty-three men in the two fights. One officer and twentythree men were lost in almost continual skirmishing up to July 1st; lost two officers and fifty-four men killed and wounded at Kenesaw Mountain between July ist and November 30, 1864. The regiment was active in skirmishing with the enemy, losing in killed and wounded ten men. At Chattanooga the regiment received one hundred and ninety-two drafted men. On November 30, 1864, in the fight at Franklin, it lost fifty-three killed and wounded, and ninetyeight missing; lost one killed and five wounded at Nashville, December I5th and 1 6th. The regiment was in no more battles but was marching and doing garrison duty until mustered out, September 25, 1865, and was paid off and discharged at Camp Butler, Illinois, October 15, 1865. Company A: Corporal H. York, veteranized, absent, sick, mustered out September 25, 1865; Privates: John H. Long, Richard Bates, Richard Baursfield, William Cornwall, veteranized, mustered out Sep- tember 25, 1865; William Douglas, veteranized, mustered out September 25, 1865; Daniel Gulley, veteranized, mustered out September 25, 1865; Charles Miller, killed at Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864; George Reappel ; Frank Reitter; Samuel Wickersham, disability, discharged April -6, 1862; Thomas Wickersham; T. York, veteranized, killed at Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864; recruits: John Briley, discharged November 27, 1861 ; T. Green, transferred to Thirteenth Illinois Cavalry, November 24, 1861 ; Moses Oakley, transferred to Thirteenth Illinois Cavalry November 24, 1861 ; Peter Walven, mustered out September 25, 1865. Two men, either drafted or substitutes, were unassigned in the Fifty-third Regiment, Company K, Daniel Brown and George Rush, both mustered out May 8, 1865; and Michael Craw, a veteran, was a private in the Fifty-fourth Regiment, Company E. A few men were in the Sixtieth Regiment. They were: Shadrack Kelley, Company D, disability, discharged February 23, 1865; James L. Kelley died July 28, 1864, member of the same company. Three were in Company E: Lawrence Burke, killed at Atlanta, Georgia, August 6, 1864; Richard Hangle, missing in action March 19, 1865; Levi Reese, died at Chattanooga May 27, 1864. Two were in Company F, both veterans and both mustered out July 31, 1865. They were: James George and James Willard. Five were in Company G, all recruits ; John H. Gains was discharged for disability November 3, 1862.

The other four were all mustered out July 31, 1865, and were: Davis Fitzgerald, Mahlon C. Parker, Elijah Rector, and Jesse Rankin. In Company I was George W. Smith, veteran, who died at Wilmington, North Carolina, March 25, 1865; and two recruits, William Bolen and William H. Graham, both of whom were mustered out July 31, 1865. Six men were in Company F: Henry Ginnett, who was discharged (because he was under size) September 26, 1862; Daniel Hitour, William Phipps, George White, mustered out July 31, 1865; Henry Walton, transferred to engineer battalion, veteranized July 29, 1864; Martin R. Wood, promoted to captain in Fifth Tennessee Mounted Infantry, January 31, 1865; John Ungles, recruit, mustered out July 31, 1865. Six men from Marion county were in the Sixty-first regiment. In Company H were: Robert M. Followell, veteranized, mustered out September 8, 1864, and Edward Gallagher, who deserted August 18, 1862. In Company K were James Craig, mustered out September 8, 1864; Charles Avery (no record), and Alfred M. Summers - one recruit, David L. Canfield, unassigned, mustered out May n, 1865. The Sixty-second Regiment had men in Companies E, F and G. The regiment was organized at Anna, April 10, 1862, and reported at Cairo on the 22d, at Paducah May 7th, and at Columbus June 7th; moved into Tennessee with Ditzler's Brigade, guarding the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, with headquarters at Kenton; were sent to Jackson, thence to Grand Junction and Holly Springs ; skir- mished more or less daily to the 2Oth; followed Forest twenty miles that day and returned to Jackson next day, December 2Oth. Van Dorn captured one hundred and seventy men of this regiment and paroled them at Holly Springs. The regiment was placed in Lawler's Brigade and pursued Forest from December 3ith to February 3d, when they overtook him too well posted at Clifton to attack; returned to Jackson; were transferred to Arkansas, and by a successful skirmish September 10, 1863, forced the enemy to retire, evacuating Little Rock ; were sent to Illinois on veteran furlough, and returned to the field November 25, 1864. Those who did not veteranize were discharged at end of term. The regiment was then consolidated into seven companies and were stationed at Pine Bluff until July 28, 1865, then sent to Fort Gibson, in Indian Territory, where it remained serving on the frontier until mustered out at Little Rock, Arkansas, March 6, 1866. This regiment, although active all the term of its service, took part in no great battle of the war. The Marion county men were : First Lieutenant L. L. Humphries, promoted to captain, mustered out March 6, 1864; Sergeants: Jones

5. Hoover, discharged April 29, 1863; Adolphus Mertins, promoted ; Corporals : William Moore, mustered out March 6, 1866; Gersham Perkins, died July 4, 1862; James M. Randall, veteranized, mustered out March 6, 1866; Privates: Thomas Allmon, discharged March 7, 1864; William H. Dobbs, veteranized, mustered out March

March 6, 1866; James Kinder, mustered out March 6, 1866; J. Kitts, veteranized, died at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, Aug. 18, 1864; Charles Miller, discharged December 3, 1863; Alexander Massy, veteranized, mustered out March 6, 1866; A. J. Thomas, veteranized, promoted; J. H. Tucker, died at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, August 30, 1864; Silas M. Wallace, mustered out March 6, 1866; R. G. Wilburn, mustered out March 6, 1866; J. M. Smith, veteranized, mustered out March 6, 1866; Recruits Errol Allmon, died at Little Rock, April 19, 1864; John Garren, mustered out March 6, 1866; Eli Garren, mustered out March 6, 1866; William Garren, mustered out March 6, 1866; Charles Griffith, mustered out March 6, 1866; William Kinder, mustered out March 6, 1866; Oliver Leclair, mustered out March 6, 1866; William Marsland, mustered out March 6, 1866; James McKinney, mustered out March 6, 1866; John L. Sanders, disability, discharged January 31, 1866; John W. Sanders, mustered out March 6, 1866; Francis M. Turbiville, mustered out March 6, 1866; Philip Wolf, died at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, March 5, 1865. The above were all in Company E, and the following in Company F : Robert S.Bundy, Columbus J. Craycroft; David Hobbson, who died at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, July 18, 1864; Company G, Capt. Jas. L. Garetson, resigned April 20, 1864; Sergeant James H. Lerry, reduced, sent to St. Louis Military Prison; Privates Edward W. Booth, disability, discharged September 8, 1862 ; John Rice died at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, September 15, 1864.

The Eightieth Regiment Illinois Volunteers was organized at Centralia, Illinois, and mustered in August 25, 1862, and immediately went to the front. It participated in the battle of Perryville, October 8. 1862, losing fourteen killed and fifty-eight wounded; March 20, 1863, in a brigade fifteen hundred strong, with two guns, while on a scouting expedition, was attacked by the celebrated John Morgan, five thousand strong, but repulsed them. They were attacked at Dug's Gap, and at Sand Mountain, but in both engagements repulsed the enemy, at the latter place capturing two guns, with a loss of only two killed and sixteen wounded from the Eightieth ; at Blunt's Farm again repulsed the enemy, .but on May 3, 1863, the regiment surrendered to General Forest, who with a vastly superior force cut them off. The personal effects of officers and men were taken from them, including blankets, money, watches, etc. The officers were sent to Libby Prison, the men to Richmond, Virginia, where they were exchanged June 23, 1863, and sent to St. Louis; from St. Louis they were sent to Nashville, Tennessee, and on November 24th and 25th, took part in the battle of Missionary Ridge. The regiment went through the . Atlanta campaign and participated in most of the fighting. They lost twenty-five men killed, and sixty wounded, and captured one hundred and fifty prisoners during the campaign; were engaged in the battle of Nashville, December 15 and 16, and took three guns and one hundred prisoners. Only four of the officers captured by Forest ever returned to the regiment. The regiment was mustered out June 10, 1865. The muster roll had on it the names of the following Marion county men : Colonel Erastus N. Bates, mustered out June 10, 1865 ; Major James Cunningham, mustered out June 10, 1865; Quarter-master Sergeant H. C. Gray, mustered out June 10, 1865; Musician Milo Wager, mustered out June 10, 1865; Privates, Company A. Samuel B. Keeler, died at Chattanooga of wounds, July 8, 1864; Casey Redburn, died at Mumfordsville, Kentucky, November 22, 1862;. Company C, Captain Henry Zeis, promoted ; Wagoner Andreas Burgclorf, captured by enemy January 21, 1864, and mustered out June 10, 1865 ; Privates, James Bailey transferred to Veteran Relief Corps, September i, transferred back; Henry Booth, mustered out June 10, 1865; Mathias Bostwick, deserted June 9, 1863; Jan. B. Pulcher, wounded, mustered out June 10, 1865; David Eggberry, mustered out June 10, 1865; William Evans, mustered out June 10, 1865; James Franks, mustered out June 10, 1865 ; Louis Hirschberger, transferred to Veteran Relief Corps, May i, 1864; Jonn Horn, killed at Dug's Gap, April 30, 1863; John Isherwood, deserted June 9, 1863; Joseph Jones, deserted June 9, 1863 ; Joseph Gollatching, deserted September 4, 1862; Fred Muehlheims, disability, discharged October 14, 1863; Frantz Osburg, disability, discharged August 21, 1863; William Rothemeier, disability, discharged

Short, mustered out June 10, 1865 ; Company I, Corporal David Forbes, disability, discharged February 8, 1863; Privates John W. Adkins, deserted October i, 1862; Lemuel A. Adkins, deserted October i, 1862; George W. Bridenbecker, disability, discharged March i, 1864; Richard Bridenbecker, disability, discharged January 12, 1863; Henry C. Gray, promoted Quarter Master Sergeant ; Charles Hubbard, deserted November 13, 1862; John Lee, disability, discharged January 12, 1863; John Logan, died at Chattanooga April 20, 1865 ; Joseph Shook, transferred Veteran Relief Corps, March i, 1863; Peter Shell, mustered out June 10, 1865.

A few men also in the Eighty-eighth Regiment were from Marion county. Companies B, C and H, each had a few men from Marion county. The regiment was organized in Chicago and mustered in September 4, 1862. Its first battle was Perryville, October 8, 1862, was at Stone River to 25th of November, at Missionary Ridge, in the Atlanta Campaign of 1864, during which time he took part in two battles, Rocky Fall Ridge and Resaca December 31 to January 3, 1863 ; September 19 and 20, 1863, at Chickamauga; 23d Adairsville, New Hope Church, Pine Mountain, Mud Creek, Kenesaw Mountain, Smyrna Camp Ground, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, also Franklin and Nashville; mustered out June 9, 1865. Company B, Corporal Owen Brown, died at Nashville, Tennessee, February 2, 1863 ; Privates Justin Colbum, mustered out June 9, 1865;

John B. King, mustered out June 9, 1865; Horace B. Kunne, disability, discharged April 29, 1863; Frank P. Roe, mustered out June 9, 1865 ; Company C, Privates Thomas Carigan, disability, discharged January 29, 1863; Andrew Lander, disability, discharged September 4, 1863; Charles Reibner, deserted July i, 1863; Company H, Sergeant Charles W. Graham, reduced, deserted February 3, 1863; Corporal Webster Braman, mustered out June 9, 1865; Privates Albert Arrowsmith, wounded, discharged March 10, 1865; Newell Burr, transferred to engineer corps July 27, 1864; Lewellyn Cunningham, wounded and taken prisoner at Stone River, died at Annapolis, Maryland, February i, 1863; James M. Elrod, mustered out June 9, 1865; Samuel McCoy, captured at Chickamauga; David Partlow, mustered out June 9, 1865 ; Samuel Robertson, wounded at Danville, Virginia, died January 5, 1864, while a prisoner of war; Jackson Prout, mustered out June 9, 1863.

In the Ninety-eighth Infantry, six Marion county men were enrolled, as follows : Company C, Recruit James Kent, transferred; Company F, Recruit Thomas W. Lanbert, transferred; Company H, Private J. A. C. Reid, killed at Chickamauga, September 20, 1863; Company K, Recruits Levi L. Renfrew, discharged May 29, 1865; George W. Renfrew, transferred; George \\T. Melrose, unasisgned.

The One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment was composed mostly of Marion county men, and was mustered into the service of the United States at Salem, Illinois, September 18, 1862. At the time of muster the regiment was eight hundred and eighty-six strong, officers and men. The regiment went into camp in the fair grounds, called Camp Marshall, and remained there until October 31, 1862, when it numbered nine hundred and thirty, officers and men; marched to Tonti, on the Illinois Central Railroad, and took train to Cairo, Illinois; reported to General Tuttle, and was ordered to Columbus, Kentucky, next day; reported to the Post Commandant, General Davis, and went into camp. The winter of 1862 and '63 was passed here, and learned the art of foraging at the suggestion of their colonel, James S. Martin. On January 12, 1863, Colonel Martin was made post commander, and Lieu. Col. Black commanded the regiment. While at this post the measles broke out in the regiment, and thirty-eight men died from that disease. It was moved to Fort Herman, Tennessee, arriving there March 13. May 28, Major Mabry commanding the regiment (Colonel Black being on duty at Columbus), was ordered to report with the regiment to Colonel Martin, who was then in command of the post at Paducah, arriving at Paducah May 29th, they went into camp and remained until October 31, 1863, when Colonel Martin was relieved of the command of the post by General Sherman, and ordered to report with the regiment to him at Florence, Alabama. While in camp at Paducah, sixteen men died from disease. The regiment got to Gravel Springs, where they were ordered to go into camp instead of proceeding to Florence. During this march two men were wounded and four missing in skirmishes with the enemy. On November 7,

1 863, the One Hundred and Eleventh was assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, and immediately set out for Chattanooga ; went into camp at Pulaski, Tennessee, November 1 2th, and remained there until February 25,

1864, when it was ordered to Decatur Junction, Alabama; arrived opposite the town and found a strong force of the enemy in possession; on May 7th, moved up the river to the mouth of Limestone creek, six miles. The enemy evacuated Decatur, and the regiment took possession. Captain Clark, who had been absent on detached duty, rejoined his command March Qth, and was killed the same day by the accidental discharge of a pistol. The regiment was ordered on March i6th to report to General Logan at Huntsville, Alabama, and on March i8th arrived and went into camp; moved to Larkinsville, Alabama, March 1 9th, and was placed in the First Brigade, under Gen. Giles A. Smith. Second Division Gen. M. L. Smith, and Fifteenth Army Corps, Gen. John A. Logan commanding. The regiment remained at Larkinsville until May I, 1864, when it started on the Atlanta campaign, and lost seven men killed and eight wounded in skirmishes on

May loth, I2th and 13th. On the I4th the One Hundred and Eleventh charged the enemy at Camp Creek; the charge was a hazardous one and the situation of the regiment seemed so desperate that General Logan expressed great concern for its safety, but the enemy was driven from their position and the works were held until reinforcements arrived. The commanding general highly commended the regiment for its action during the engagement. Until May 25th, were maneuvering against the .enemy under General Johnston, who had begun falling back; on the 25th, 26th and 27th were in stubborn skirmishes, losing five killed and fifteen wounded. Among the latter was Lieut. Col. Black. On June ist they withdrew to Dallas; skirmished June loth at Big Shanty, and 24th near Kenesaw Mountain June 27th. In this charge Captain Andrews was killed, Captain Walker was severely wounded. The other losses were sixteen wounded and one missing. They moved by easy marches toward Atlanta, when on^ July nth, they were within nine miles of that place engaged in cutting the railroad and destroying the enemy's source of supplies. On July 2Oth the One Hundred and Elevetnh led in the advance against Atlanta, being under fire all day. Colonel Martin was placed in command of the brigade, and Major Mabry in command of the regiment. In the battle on the 22d, against Atlanta, the loss of the regiment was eighteen killed and forty wounded, eighty-five men were also missing. Among the killed were Captain McGuire, Lieutenant Larimer, and Lieutenant Shull. Major Mabry was wounded, and Captains Foster and Gray and Lieutenants Davis and Young were among the captured. The regiment was now under the command of Captain Jolliff, and on the 28th of July, 1864, engaged the enemy with a loss of ten wounded, one missing. From the 8th of September to the 4th of October the One Hundred and Eleventh remanied in camp at East Point. From the 4th of October to the 29th were in pursuit of General Hood, and camped November 5th on line of Chattanooga & Atlanta Railroad, and remained there until November I3th, and on the I5th started with Sherman to the sea; was in the assault on Fort McAllister, and the colors of the One Hundred and Eleventh were the first planted on the works. Two were killed, one of whom was Lieut. G. W. Smith, and fourteen wounded, among whom were Lieutenant Lewis (mortally) and Captain Foster (severely). Went Jhrough the campaign in the Carolinas with the loss of one man, thence to Washington, where they participated in the Grand Review. The regiment was in seven battles and nine skirmishes, losing forty-two men killed, one hundred and forty-eight wounded, eighty-seven missing and one hundred and ninety-one died of disease. James S. Martin, colonel, brevet brigadier general, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; Joseph F. Black, lieutenant-colonel, mustered out June 7, 1865 ! William C. Stiles, adjutant, mustered out June 7, 1865; quartermasters : Benjamin F. Marshall, resigned April 27, 1864; Henry Simpson, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; First Assistant Surgeon J. K. Rainey, mustered out June 7, 1865; Second Assistant Surgeon Thomas S. Hawley, resigned June 24, 1863; Chaplain James B. Woolard, resigned April 14, 1865; Sergeant Major Richard Atkin, promoted first lieutenant, Second Alabama; quartermaster sergeants: Peter A. Simmons, promoted to first lieutenant, United States Colored Troops; H. M. Cantine, reduced to ranks; Charles A. Neff, mustered out June 7, 1865; hospital stewards: \Villiam E. Middleton, disability, discharged August 27, 1863; Thomas M. Kelly, mustered out June 7, 1865; musicians : Harris P. \Veir, sick, absent at muster out; Abraham Earnhart, mustered out June 7, 1865. Company A, captains: Amos A. Clark, killed March 9, 1864; Jacob V. Andrews, killed in action June 27, 1864; Robert Martin, mustered out June 6, 1865; first lieutenants : John K. Morton, died October 3, 1862; Ezekiel Williams, mustered out June 6, 1865; Second Lieutenant William Woods, mustered out June 6, 1865; sergeants : Thomas Ray, mustered out June 6, 1865; John T. Oden, mustered out June 6, 1865; A. C. Smith, mustered out June 22, 1865; W. H. H. Adams, promoted to first lieutenant, United States Colored Heavy Artillery to date from June 8, 1863 ; corporals: Isaac Washburn, mustered out June 6, 1865; Allen Straight, mustered out July i, 1865, was captured; William Rush, killed at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; C. R. Newman, died in prison, a prisoner of war; John W. Ray, mustered out May 24, 1865; William Walker, mustered out June 6, 1865; Edwin F. Loomis, mustered out June 6, 1865; H. H. Davenport, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; musicians: Hugh Moore, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; John W. Coll, died at Mound City, Illinois, January 25, 1863; privates: E. R. Allen, disability, discharged March 23, 1865; M. G. Boils, mustered out June 6, 1865; J. Bundy, died at Fort Heirman, Kentucky, April 22, 1863 ; William Burgess, mustered out June 15, 1865; Patrick Ball, died of wounds at Paducah, Kentucky, July 5, 1865 ; Abraham Concklin, mustered out January 13, 1865; J. E. Cooper, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; M. H. Carr, mustered out June 6, 1865; Henry Clay, transferred; J. W. Doughty, mustered out July i, 1865; A. Dodson, mustered out June 6, 1865; Josiah Duncan, discharged March 18, 1863; William Devlin, sick, absent at muster out ; William A. Dawson, was prisoner, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; John R. Duncan, mustered out June 6, 1865; George Evans, mustered out June 6, 1865; Jesse J. Fouts, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Andrew C. Finn, mustered out June 6, 1865; Henry Fraka, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; G. W. Forbes, deserted October 31, 1862; A. W. French, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; James Gibson, died at Paducah, Kentucky, June 26, 1863; Levi Gibson, mustered out June 6, 1865; John H. Goodrich, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; John A. Gilmore, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Amasa Hamlin, mustered out June 6, 1865 : J. H. Hamilton, mustered out June 6, 1865; John

Hicklin, transferred to Veteran Relief Corps March 24, 1865; Jacob Heaver, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Erastus Hull, mustered out June 6, 1865; Urustus Hill, died at Fort Heimen, Kentucky, April 29, 1863 ; Thomas J. Holt, mustered out June 6, 1865 : William L. Holmes, mustered out June 6, 1865; W. S. Johnson, killed at Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 23, 1864; John Kline, mustered out June 6, 1865; John King, disability, discharged January 9, 1864; Thomas M. Kell, promoted to hospital steward; S. W. Kell, killed in battle February 12, 1865; Hugh Morton, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; A. M. Morton, mustered out June 6, 1865; Thomas B. Morton, died at Rome, Georgia, July 10, 1864; B. M. Morton, died in Marion county, Illinois, November 23, 1862; W. M. Morton, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; J. W. Morton, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; J. B. Myers, died at Paducah, Kentucky, July 22, 1863; John Morrison, mustered out June 6, 1865; J. A. McConnaga, mustered out June 6, 1865; J. Manchester, disability, discharged June 16, 1863; S. A. Newman, mustered out June 6, 1865; O. J. Nave, mustered out June 6, 1865 : J. B. Parvis, mustered out June 6, 1865; T. B. Parkinson, mustered out June 6, 1865; B. M. Parkinson, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; J. R. Parkinson, disability, discharged March 28, 1865 ; W. E. Porter, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Edward Riley, mustered out June 6, 1865; J. W. Smith, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps December 28, 1864; H. Sims, died at home February 5, 1863; W. C. Smith, mustered out June 6, 1865; \V. B. Smith, died at Camp Butler, Illinois, April n, 1865; W. K. Stirment. mustered out June 6, 1865; G. W. Snodgrass, killed at Resaca, Georgia, May 14, 1864; H. T. Walker, mustered out June 6, 1865; ,W. H. Ward, died at Rome, Georgia, July 31, 1864; J. P. Wooters, discharged March 18, 1863; John Whitman, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; J. H. Wyatt, mustered out June 6, 1865; James Wilson, discharged for promotion, killed at Fort Pillow; W. Wood, mustered out June 6, 1865, commissioned second lieutenant ; D. L. Ward, died at home March 31, 1864; George Watson, discharged March 5, 1863 ; recruits: Robert Church, transferred; Thomas J. Green, transferred, was prisoner ; Richard Lewis, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Scott G. Muzzy, discharged for promotion. ( ompany D, captains : John Foster, honorably discharged May 4, 1865; Robert W. Elder, mustered out June 6, 1865; First Lieutenant W. H. Ballance, mustered out June 6, 1865; Second Lieutenant G. C. Sheppard, mustered out June 6, 1865; sergeants: Anderson Anglin, deserted January 25, 1863; A. W. O'Bryant, was prisoner, mustered out July i, 1865; Henry B. Jones, was prisoner, mustered out June 12, 1865; corporals: J. A. Arnold, absent (wounded) at muster out of regiment; David Headley, mustered out June 6, 1865; Francis M. Jones, died at Moscow, Tennessee, November 6, 1862 ; Eli W. Jones, mustered out June 6, 1865; Jeptha Headley, died at Atlanta, Georgia, October 18, 1864; James A. Arnold, discharged August 20,

1863; Robert M. Lambert, died in Confederate prison November 4, 1864; James T. Jones, mustered out June 6, 1865; Wagoner Christopher Jones, mustered out June 6, 1865; privates: Henry L. Allmon, discharged August 20, 1863; John M. Arnold, absent (sick) at muster out; Joseph D. Boring, mustered out June 6, 1865; John L. Cole, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; William L. Chance, mustered out June 6, 1865; Hillery D. Chance, mustered out June 6, 1865; Joseph A. Cole, died at Fort Heiman, Kentucky, April 20, 1863 ; Noah Cruse, mustered out June 6, 1865; James N. Christie, mustered out June 6, 1865; Benjamin Doolen, mustered out June 6, 1865; Peter M. Dents, mustered out June 6, 1865; John Elliott, absent (wounded) at muster out; Stephen French, mustered out June 6, 1865; Thomas J. Foster, mustered out June 6, 1865; Newton Finch, died at Columbia, Kentucky, April 25, 1863 ; Isaac Graves, died at Chattanooga June 15, 1864; William C. Goldsborough, mustered out June 6, 1865; James M. Green, mustered out June 6, 1865; Eli Headley, mustered out June 6, 1865; William Holt, mustered out June 6, 1865; Hardy F. Holt, died at Fort Heiman, Kentucky, May n, 1863; Isaac Himes, mustered out June 6, 1865; James M. Hensley, was prisoner of war, mustered out June 12, 1865; Alexander M. Hensley, transferred to Veteran Relief Corps March 18, 1865; William M. Hensley, mustered out June 6, 1865; Thomas J. Hensley, died at Atlanta, Georgia, October 16, 1864; William E. Houston, mustered out June 6,

1865; Hiram Hamilton, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Andrew J. Howington, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Joseph G. Knight, sick at muster out of regiment; James Knight, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Wesley C. Lawrence, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; David Lee, sick, absent at muster out of regiment ; Simon V. Meador, mustered out June 6, 1865; Richard R. Morse, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Lewis Myers, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; James W. Morse, died at Fort Heinman, Kentucky, May 10, 1863; Stephen Neavill, died of wounds at Moscow, Tennessee, November 24, 1862; George Orgon, mustered out June 6, 1865; Vernal F. Prewett, mustered out (was prisoner) June 6, 1865; John O. Parsons, was prisoner, died November 23, 1864; Abraham Pool, mustered out June 6, 1865; William H. Pool, mustered out June 6, 1865; William Purdue, missing in action July 22, 1864; Abram C. Parker, mustered out June 6, 1865; Dennis N. Ray, mustered out June 6, 1865; John V. Settle, discharged March n, 1865; Ebenezer Sackett, died at Fort Heiman, Kentucky, April 24, 1863; John A. Smith, died at Marietta, Georgia, October 7, 1864; Abraham Stine, transferred; David M. Shipley, transferred; James M. Thomas, mustered out June 6, 1865; Joel L. Walton, mustered out June 6, 1865; recruits: Edward H. Lee, died at Annapolis, Maryland, December 24, 1864; Salem Neff, -died of wounds at Dallas, Georgia, May 28, 1864; George W. Ray, transferred to Veteran Relief Corps, March 18, 1865. Company E, captains: Joseph McGuire, killed in action July 22, 1864; Lewellen W. Castellow, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; First Lieutenant John R. Smith, mustered out June 6, 1865; second lieutenants: William J. Young, honorably discharged May 15, 1865 ; James J. Craig, mustered out June 6, 1865; First Sergeant Jesse Delton, reduced to ranks, transferred to Company G; sergeants : John R. Smith, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Elijah D. Rawlings, died at Jeffersonville, Indiana, July 25, 1864; James B. Eddings, mustered out June 6, 1865; corporals: Francis M. Smith, mustered out June 6, 1865; James F. Breeze, killed at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; Elvin C. Clock, died at Paducah, Kentucky, May 10, 1863; Jacob W. Fyke, mustered out June 6, 1865; B. N. Bosswell, died of wounds at Resaca, Georgia, May 22, 1864; John R. Smith, mustered out June 6, 1865; Francis M. Burns, mustered out May 26, 1865 ; Edward J. Young, mustered out June 6, 1865; musicians: Isaac A. Beaver, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 16, 1863: Fanning L. Beasley, mustered out June 6, 1865; privates: James M. Alderson, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; John A. Alderson, mustered out June 6, 1865; Bluford M. Alderson, died of wounds August 4, 1864: John Barry, died at Atlanta, Georgia, October 20, 1864; William F. Buford, absent (sick) at muster out of regiment; George Beard, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Empson Brownfield, mustered out June 6, 1865; William H. Beard, paroled prisoner, mustered out July i, 1865; George H. Beard, mustered out June 22, 1865 ; James M.

Beard, mustered out June 22, 1865; Hiram Blair, mustered out June 22, 1865; Joseph Bostwick, mustered out June 22, 1865; Arthur Babbs, killed at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; Jacob Beard, disability, discharged January 29, 1863 ; Wesley Cockrell, disability, discharged November 7, 1863; James Cockrell, mustered out June 6, 1865; William T. Coleman, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Larkin T. Craid, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; James H. Clock, died at Paducah, Kentucky, May 13, 1863; James Craig, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; -James P. Chapman, mustered out June 6, 1865; Oran H. Daggett, killed at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; William Donoho, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 26, 1863; William P. Furguson, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 10, 1863; Powell H. Furguson, died at home February i, 1863 ; Charles Foster, mustered out June 6, 1865; James Granger, mustered out June 6, 1865; John B. Holliday, killed at. Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; Henry J. Hardin, mustered out June 6, 1865; John B. Harris, mustered out June 6, 1865; George W. Haynie, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Henry C. Harris, mustered out June 6, 1865; William C. Henson, mustered out June 6, 1865; William B. Henson, died of wounds at Resaca, Georgia, May 16, 1864-, Jesse C. Henson, transferred; William D. Isbell, disability, discharged January 26, 1863 ; John H. Jones, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; James G. Johnson, mustered out June <5, 1865; Horatio S. Jeeter, mustered out June 6, 1865 5 Leonard B. Jones, mustered out June 6, 1865; John W. Knight, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Thomas Keel, mustreed out June 6, 1865; Urich Knight, killed at Dallas, Georgia, May 29, 1864; John W. Kilts, mustered out June 6, 1865; James W. Luse, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 26, 1863; William Loch, died at Mound City, Illinois, January 19, 1863; Andrew H. Metts, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 21, 1863; Josiah Martin, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; John J. Martin, died of wounds July 23, 1864; Elihu Myers, mustered out June 6, 1865; David L. Mayberry, mustered out June 6, 1865; John B. Middleton, mustered out June 6, 1865; A. J. Morgan, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 28, 1863; Charles A. Neff, promoted to quartermaster; James A. Prewett, mustered out June 6, 1865; Francis M. Room, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Tillmand Rogers, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Thomas H. B. Ray, mustered out June 6, 1865; N. V. D. Rawlings, mustered out June 6, 1865; Robert M. Smith, mustered out June 6, 1865; Isham Simmons, discharged January 29, 1863 ; John H. Smith, deserted February 21, 1863; William Torrence, mustered out June 6, 1865; Marion D. Vickroy, absent (sick) at muster out of regiment; William Vaughn, discharged February 25. 1863; Cyrus VanDusen, died at Mound City, Illinois, February 3, 1863; John W. Wheeler, killed at Jonesboro, Georgia, August 31, 1864; George W. Weaver, mustered out June 6, 1865; recruits: James H. Isbell, July 24, 1865, to date from May 30, 1865; Daniel W. Myers, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Aaron Mc- Endree, mustered out June 6, 1865; John W. Middleton, mustered out June 6, 1865; James T. Smith, died at Columbus, Kentucky, November. 30, 1862. Company F, captains :Abner S. Gray, discharged January 13, 1865; William H. Carpenter, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; First Lieutenant William C. Darvis, honorably discharged May 15, 1865; Second Lieutenant George C. Edwards, mustered out June 7, 1865; sergeants : James D. Gray, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; Andrew C. Mitchell, died at Annapolis, Maryland, December 22, 1864; Benjamin Fanner, killed at Atlanta, July 22, 1864; Jefferson Belcher, mustered out June 7, 1865; corporals: Benjamin Harrison, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 16, 1863; George W. Griffin, mustered out June 22, 1865; Henry Betcher, mustered out June 22, 1865; John N. Hawkins, mustered out June 22, 1865 ; Harvey B. Nichols, mustered out June 22, 1865 ; David Moore, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 26, 1863; William C. Williamson, sick, absent at muster out of regiment; Wiley Carter, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; musicians: Harlin P. Beach, mustered out June 7, 1865; John M. Johnson, died at Columbus, Kentucky, June 17, 1863; Wagoner John Carter, Jr. ; privates : Fenwick S. Alexander, transferred; Jesse Altom, was prisoner, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; Richard Atkins, promoted to sergeant-major; William L. Becher, mustered out June 7, 1865; Levi Belcher, was prisoner, mustered out June 7, 1865; Daniel Britt, died at East Point,

Georgia, September 30, 1864; George W. Bratcher, died at Paducah, Kentucky, June 8, 1863; John Bush, died at Kenesaw Mountain, July i, 1865; Benjamin E. Carver, disability, discharged October 29, 1864; William Carter, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; John S. Chandler, died of wounds at Resaca, Georgia, May 16, 1864; Chakes C. Chandler, mustered out June 7, 1865; William Dexter, mustered out June 7, 1865; George P. Edwards, mustered out June 7, 1865; John Gaultney, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; Alfred G. Gaultney, mustered out June 7, 1865; William A. Green, mustered out June 7, 1865; Thomas B. Gray, died at home March I, 1865; Cyrenus M. Howell, mustered out June 7, 1865; Charles G. Hurt, killed at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; William Jackson, mustered out June 7, 1865; Edward Kinney, mustered out June 7, 1865; William Kissner, mustered out June 7, 1865; Irven Laswell, killed at Resaca, Georgia, May 14, 1864; George W. Lewis, died at Chattaooga, November 22, 1 864 ; Noah Linton, died at Mound City, IIlinois,February 13, 1864; Augustus McConnic, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; John T. Mc- Donald, transferred; Absalom Moore, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; John Mulcahi, discharged on account of wounds February 15, 1864; Lorenzo L. Newman, was prisoner, mustered out June 7, 1865; Robert Neil, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; Henry H.

killed at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; James J. Sinclair, mustered out June 7, 1865; James R. .Slaton, died at Paducah, Kentucky, January 9, 1864; Robert Strong, absent (sick) at muster out of regiment; Thomas J. Tabor, mustered out July 6, 1865 ; Charles W. Tabor, mustered out July 6, 1865 ; Edward Tune, mustered out July 6, 1865; Samuel Tune, mustered out July 6, 1865 ; Traverse M. Waldron, died May 29, 1863; Peter White, died at Pulaski, Tennessee, January 10, 1864; Abraham J. Williams, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; William R. Wickersham, died at Paducah, Kentucky, April 20, 1864; Benjamin M. Wilson, died at Columbus, Kentucky, April 12, 1863; James Williamson, died at Morehead City, North Carolina, February i, 1865; Recruit, John H. Adams, absent (sick) at muster out of regiment. Company G, Captain Ruben W. Joliff, mustered out June 6, 1865; Second Lieutenant John W. Stover, killed in yction, May 14, 1864; First Sergeant Joseph M. Post, died of wounds received at Resaca, Georgia, May 31, 1864; Sergeant Henry M. Gaylord, died at Paducah, Kentucky, May 16, 1863; corporals: William Collinsworth, mustered out June 6, 1865; Andrew T. Stover, wounded, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; John A. Snider, died at Fort Heiman, Kentucky, May 10, 1863; William Williams, absent (sick) at muster out of regiment; William R. Snider, mustered out June 6, 1865; privates: Abner J. Alexander, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Samuel C. Alexander, died at Columbus, February 7, 1863; Louis Ahlborn, discharged; Paulinus

F. Agnew, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Gibson Burton, died at Big Shanty, Georgia, of wounds, June 24, 1864; George W. Burnett, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 28, 1863; Samuel W. Billingsley, deserted October 19, 1862; Joseph Brown, killed at Kenesaw Mountain, June 24, 1864; Jasper N. Castleberry, disability, discharged January 4, 1865 ; James H. Courtney, died while prisoner of war at Lawton, Georgia, October 25, 1864; John R. Finn, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Washington I. Haskins, mustered out June 6, 1865; William Hawkins, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; James H. Isbell, transferred; Daniel W. Myers, transferred; Aaron McEndree, transferred; David Me- Endree, transferred ; John W. Middleton, transferred; John R. Nelson, transferred; John Schade, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; John C. Shook, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 24, 1863; Joseph Tapping, mustered out June 6, 1865; James G. Tapping, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; James H. Taylor, died at Mound City, Illinois, Ja'nuary 18, 1863; John J. Wallace, died of wounds at Atlanta, Georgia, November u, 1864; Granville Wilburn, died at Resaca, of wounds, May 24, 1864; John A. Yandel, mustered out June 19, 1865 ; recruits : Jesse Dayton, discharged December n, 1864; M. P. Glassford, transferred. Company H, Captain George E. Castle, mustered out June 6, 1865; first lieutenants: Andrew J. Lariner, killed in battle, July 22, 1864; Robert M. Lovell, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Second Lieutenant James L. Gibson, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; sergeants : George

A. Jennings, mustered out June 6, 1865; William H. Harrison, discharged February 7, 1864, for promotion in One Hundred and Tenth United States Colored Troops; John H. Craig, discharged April 4, for promotion in One Hundred and Eleventh United States Colored Troops; corporals: James L. Rogers, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Henry C. Farson, mustered out June 6, 1865; David F. Kell, discharged on account of wounds, January 28, 1865 ; James E. Castle, mustered out June 6, 1865; Wilson S. Larimer, mustered out June 6, 1865; William Southward, mustered out June 6, 1865; John Lewes, disability, discharged January 10, 1863; musicians: John J. Piles, mustered out July 13, 1865; Richard Thatcher, mustered out June 6, 1865; Wagoner, Samuel S. Clater, mustered out June 6, 1865; privates: J. H. Adams, died at Huntsville, Alabama, June 12, 1864; H. F. Bosworth, killed at Resaca, Georgia, May 14, 1864; D. C. Bryant, died at Fort Heiman; Kentucky, April 19, 1863; John J. Bloys, mustered out June 6, 1865; George W. Blackburn, mustered out June 6, 1865; Benjamin Brown, deserted December 30, 1862 ; Alfred R. Bryan, prisoner, mustered out July i, 1865; John T. Bibb, mustered out June 6, 1865; Charles E. Baker, discharged May 25, 1864, commissioned second lieutenant United States Heavy Artillery, Colored Troops ; James J. Brown, mustered out June 6, 1865; James S. Chandler, mustered out June 6. 1865: Henry K. Cantine, discharged April 19, 1865; James B. Clater, mustered out June

6, 1865; Lewis Daggett, died at Paducah, Kentucky, October 13, 1863; William T. Day, died in Andersonville prison of wounds, August 27, 1864; grave No. 7013; Lyman Daggett, died in Confederate prison, October 7, 1864; James Evans, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Jonas Erwin, killed at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; James Foster, mustered out June 6, 1865; Robert Foster, transferred; Albert Getty, died at Columbus, Kentucky, February i, 1863; William J. Hays, mustered out June 6, 1865; Quintilton H. Hays, mustered out June 6, 1865; Mansel W. Hays, mustered out June 6, 1865; George W. Hoskins, died at Paducah, Kentucky, June 5, 1863; Thomas M. Ingram, mustered out June 5. 1865; J. Jordan, wounded, absent at muster out of regiment; Isaac Johnson, mustered out June 6, 1865; Joseph W. Jimeson, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; J. G. Knight, died at Fort Heiman, Kentucky, April 13, 1863; Hugh M. Kell, died at Chattanooga, November 15, 1864; James Knight, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Washington J. Luttrell, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Thomas G. Luttrell, mustered out June 6, 1865 : Daniel R. Lovell, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Samuel W. Lovell, mustered out June 6, 1865; Thomas E. Lewis, mustered out June 6, 1865; Willis S. Leewright, mustered out June 6, 1865; Henry Moore, promoted to second lieutenant, Second Alabama Volunteers, June 23. 1864; John McMurray, was prisoner, mustered out July i, 1865; John Myers, was prisoner, mustered out July i, 1865; Samuel Puleston, mus- tered out (was prisoner) July i, 1865; Josiah Piles, mustered out June 6, 1865; W. W. Porter, died at Resaca, Georgia, of wounds, May 20, 1864; John B. Patterson, disability, discharged ; Absalom Parrell, mustered out June 6, 1865; McDonald Phillips, mustered out June 6, 1865; Samuel Rush, died at home, November 6, 1864; John Rush, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; Isaac Southward, mustered out June 6, 1865; Thomas Southward, mustered out June 6, 1865; Peter A. Simonson, promoted to quartermaster-sergeant ; John R. Taylor, disability, discharged February 17, 1863; William B. K. Toland, died at Rome, Georgia, September 15, 1864; Ira VanDusen, died in Andersonville prison, November 27, 1864; John Wise, died at Fort Heiman, Kentucky, May, 1863; J. H. Watson, wounded, absent at muster out of regiment; F. F. Watson, disabilty, discharged February 17, 1863; W. Watson, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; H. M. Wilson, mustered out June 6, 1865; John Webb, mustered out June 6, 1865 ; L. Wilson, mustered out June 6, 1865; S. E. White, mustered out June 6, 1865; C. S. Wilson, mustered out June 6, 1865; recruits: A. E. Blackburn, transferred ; John A. Clayton, transferred ; Isaiah T. Dillon, transferred; David L. Tucker, transferred. Company I : Second Lieutenant David Nichols, mustered out June 7, 1865; corporals: Jacob R. Phillips, mustered out June 7, 1865; Joseph C. Wilton, mustered out July 27, 1865; privates: H. A. Allen, died at Fort Heiman, Kentucky, May 1 8, 1863; Harvey F. Bassett, mustered out June 7, 1865; I. T. Boatwright, died at Columbus, Kentucky, February 12, 1863; T. M. Corzine, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 20, 1863; J. Clemens, died at Marietta, Georgia, of wounds, August 18, 1864; Squire Ga*ultney, absent (sick) at muster out of regiment; Newton Hensley, died at Columbus, Kentucky, March 29, 1863; James W. Moon, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; John G. Quick, mustered out June 7, 1865; George Sloat, mustered out June 7, 1865; Nathan Smith, mustered out May 30, 1865 ; J. Wickenhouser, mustered out June 7, 1865; recruits: Fenwick J. Alexander, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; John Mcdonald. Company K: Joseph Schultz, captain, mustered out June 7, 1865; First Lieutenant I. H. Berry, mustered out June 7, 1865; Second Lieutenant Frederick Siple, mustered out June 7, 1865; First Sergeant M. C. Rogers, died at Fort Heiman, Kentucky, May 5, 1863; sergeants: John B. Brasel, deserted December 6, 1865 ; John M. Chitwood, mustered out May 5, 1865 ; E. O. Warner, died of wounds August 13, 1864; corporals: H. H. Spitler, died at Columbus, Kentucky, February 17, 1863; W. S. Wilkins, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 21, 1863; Richard S. Hultz, disability, discharged January 26, 1863; Charles S. Wilkins, mustered out June 7, 1865; John W. Alexander, mustered out June 7, 1865 : John Guilkey, mustered out June 7, 1865; John F. Michaels, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; Musician J. W. Spain, mustered out June 7, 1865; privates: W. S. Alexander, mustered out June 7, 1865; W. H. Allen, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; Henry Albert, mustered out June 7, 1865; Reuben Albert, mustered out June 7, 1865; Marion Almon, mustered out June 7, 1865; John H. Burrows, discharged for promotion July 8, 1864; Z. Beasley, mustered out' June 7, 1865; Josiah Bryant, absent (sick) at muster out; H. M. Chitwood, deserted January 27, 1863; Joseph Craig, died at Paducah, Kentucky, July 9, 1863; J. R. Davenport, mustered out June 7, 1865; George E. Daniels, mustered out June 7, 1865; A. Earnheart, promoted to principal musician; J. T. Eraser, deserted February 6, 1863 ; Temple Gilman, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; A. Hults, died at Larkinsville, Alabama, April n, 1865; Abner C. Harney, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; C. Harratt, killed at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; Andrew Hite, deserted January 27, 1863; Charles Hadden. mustered out June 7, 1865 ; Joseph M. Justice, died a prisoner at Annapolis, Maryland, December 18, 1864; Michael Kalcher, mustered out June 7, 1865; W. S. Kagy, mustered out June 7, 1865; H. J. Luttrell, killed at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864; W. McCartan, killed at Fort McAllister, Georgia, December 13, 1864; Isaac P. Martin, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; John Martin, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; A. G. Mc- Cartney, died while prisoner of war, about February 17, 1865; J. D. Meek, mustered out June 7, 1865; D. O. Malcolm, died at Cleveland, Tennessee, February 2, 1865; J. A. Morgan, died at Columbus, Kentucky, January 28, 1863 ; J. McCollom, died at Columbus, Kentucky, March 22, 1863 ; A. G.

Morris, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; Jeremiah Parks, mustered out June 7, 1865; A. L. Riley, mustered out June 7, 1865; E. Stonecipher, deserted December 5, 1862; W. D. Singleton, mustered out June 7, 1865; W. H. Schanafelt, prisoner of war, died at Lawton, Georgia, October 24, 1864;

B. S. Stribling, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; Wilburn Stonecipher, deserted December 5, 1862; John R. Schultz, died of wounds, June 3, 1864; David Schultz, mustered out June 7, 1865; H. C. B. Wilkins, mustered out June 7, 1865 ; J. H. Wilkins, died at Columbus, Kentucky, June 12, 1863; J. N. White, discharged for promotion, April 18, 1864; recruits: J. H. Coffman, died of wounds August 28, 1864; Christopher Mulvaney, transferred; Byron E. Webster, transferred; Alexander Wilkins, transferred.

The One Hundred and Sixth Regiment was for one hundred days, and enrolled the following, who were mustered out October 22, 1864. The regiment saw no service in the field and the names are here given as a tribute to their willingness to serve: Franklin Darling, James M. Lewis, John Avant. William R. Avant, William H. Beal, David

Richard C. Wyatt, Frank Darling, P. J. Knight, J. M. Kell, Albert Johnson, Thomas N. Kell, J. T. Cunningham, Theodore F. Harley, Isaac N. Charleton, S. J. Shaw, Thomas H. Anderson, J. H. Adkins, James W. Blair, George A. Bell, Russell B. Baltzell, David Blair, Fred Brisco, John R. Cisne, M. McCastle, John R. Claybourne, C. S. Cornwell, R. J. Cain, George W. Denny, Alexander Dodson, D. W. Denham, John Eastman, Henry Ellis, Irwin Foster, J. O. Farrell, James B. Gaston, T. Glen, George Guyetta, James Gaff, D. R. Hamilton, A. S. Howard, W. J. Haines, W. S. Harley, N. H. Heaton, A. Harley, B. E. Hobart, Samuel Hays, G. W. Holmes, J. J. Johnson, A. J. Jones, C. C. McCard, A. Lance. C. Lynch, S. D. Lester, J. Muckelroy, J. W. Miller, S. I. Mattimore, W. A. Noleman, J. S. Patterson, George L. Postern, L. J. Patten, H. Rush, O. T. Richard, R. L. Rosebrough, Albert Tong, R. M. Scott, George M. Smith, Robert Tate, J. H. Thomas, H. Warren, H. W. Wells, E. Whitehead, T. A. Wilton, M. M. Walker, A. N. Williams, Alexander Wilson, J. B. Williamson, A. J. Williamson, James F. Creighton, J. Hugg. Jeremiah Woods was in the One Hundred and Forty-second Regiment of the same service. In the One Hundred and Forty-ninth Regiment, one year's service, were: Adjutant Winfield S. Norrcoss, Surgeon Samuel D. Mercer ; privates : Jacob Gross, mustered out January 27, 1866; Joseph Keifter, mustered out January 27, 1866; Lawrence Schibel.

the One Hundred and Fiftieth Regiment, one year service. All were mustered out June 16, 1866. They were: Jacob Miller, first lieutenant; William N. Smith, corporal; and S. B. Gibson and W. Nichols, privates. The regiment did guard duty and garrison duty. They fought in no battles, and lost no men from Marion county. J. R. Hartley was in the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Regiment, and was mustered out September 18, 1866.

The Sixth Cavalry had a number of Marion county men on its rolls. It was a service regiment, and was engaged in many battles and skirmishes. It was a part of the famous Grierson raid. The Marion county men were scattered through the regiment. In Company B, Noah Knight deserted. The muster out was November 5, 1865, and where no dates appear after the name it will be understood the soldier was mustered out at that time : James K. Clark, Christen C. Dike, Jacob Newberry, W. W. Ragan were in Company A; J. B. Cain, B. W. Hicks, John Hough, David Shelby and Jasper Shelby were in Company B; J. C. McWhirter, H. Mulvaney, Thomas Renfro and Samuel Russell were in Company C. : William H. Grain, Henry W. Brodeck, William T. Steen and Frantz Swartz were in Company D ; Lewis Cole, James K. Cannen, John Moore, in Company E ; Maryland Malladay, in Company F; William Agnie, William Estes, George W. Lesley (died at Nashville), Benjamin F. Ragsdall, John A. Reason, in Company -G; recruits: Francis M. Allen. Sr., A. J. Burgaman, Reuben H.

Burgaman, James -Evans (killed at Shelbyville, Tennessee, November 20, 1864), William H. Govee, William P. Gaston, Arthur J. Hays, Dodson C. Hays, S. M. Hudson, William H. Telford and James B. Watson were in Company H ; John R. Knight, Wilson H. Patterson, Mathew W. Weldon (drowned at Eastport, Mississippi, April 12, 1865), were in Company I; J. Allison, J. Dyer, J. Henry, W. H. Herrington, W. Jackson, W. R. Martin, Asa Mann (mustered out May 23, 1865), Jesse Morrison, Charles Neville, William H. Parker, James Ragan, Eli Rainey, P. Slang, J. J. Short, of Company M. The following were deserters from the regiment : Noah Knight, L. S. Fisher, F. M. Burge, T. J. Crane. W. A. Glenn, W. F. Glenn and A. C. Harris.

The Seventh Cavalry had a few men from Marion county in its ranks as follows: James Anglin, Doc Carson, John Buck, Jacob Pearl, Wiliam N. Smith, Robert Wilkinson, A. J. Foster, H. C. Foster, Conrad Habbwacks, John Jacoby, Elda Jones, John Knight, William Knight, B. B. Milton, Jesse Tilly, Thomas Upton, Allen Clow, John W. Wall, M. L. Jones, W. B. Morahl, J. M. McConnell, G. Meador, Job Cruse, Nimrod Christian, James Hulett (deserted), Henry Myers (deserted), Simon Neff, L. P. Nichols, D. E. Peddicord, Fred Trible, S. R. Cathem, T. A. Wilton, James Crawford, William R. Arant, Martin Binnion, Mathias Gurton, James Hathaway, Nathan Moon, Josiah H. Skilling were in the Tenth Cavalry, mustered out August 25, 1865.

Charles S. Awl was dishonorably discharged from the Eleventh Cavalry, and the following mustered out September 3Oth from the same regiment : John E. Bevins, Ira A. Bishop, George Bevins, Elijah Cruse, C. C. Carroll, A. H. Jones, Samuel McKeighan, Mathew Orton, Erwin Reamy. In the Thirteenth Cavalry list appears the names of the following Marion county men: H. Christian (discharged under age), Thomas Green, Moses Oakley, John I. Caudle, John Donhouser (mustered out August 31, 1865). John B. Adams died at Camp Butler January 26, 1864, and William Brown deserted April 22, 1864. In the Sixteenth Cavalry were: James Shaw, a prisoner, mustered out July 1 8, 1865; James Williams, mustered out May 18, 1865; John Fisher, deserted July n, 1863; George L. Hart, died in Andersonville prison, June 28, 1864, grave No. 2267; John P. Kreobs, died in Andersonville prison, April 19, 1864, grave No. 625 ; Aaron Wright, deserted February 19, 1863. In the First Artillery: First Lieutenant Emmett F. Hill, honorably discharged September 19, 1863. Battery M: Alfred S. Wilson, mustered out July 24, 1865 ; Alexander D. Chancey and Mulford VanDyke were unassigned. In the Second Artillery, David H. Harmon, disability, discharged. The following were mustered out July 27, 1865 : Samuel H. Craig, John F. Craig, Albert S. Edwards. The following enlisted in the regular army: William Shaw, L. Vanausdale, Peter Wigle, Henry Willet, Henry Clay, John B. Foster, John Stater, and in the United States Twentyninth. Colored Troops: Marmaduke Stew- art, James George, Oliver Mahue, Samuel Pendegrass, Hardy School, A. Brandymore; and in Second Regular United States Veteran Volunteers: Charles Behler, William Grouse, J. B. Godel, John Ockerman, Julius Schultz. In the Fourth United States Veteran Volunteers, Thomas Warman. George Cassidy and David Terpin enlisted in the regular army in June, 1865. Truly, Marion county sent of her best to do battle for the Union. Her best blood was freely offered, and the sacrifice was made complete by the life-giving patriotism on many a southern field. They played their part in the great tragedy of the nation, and when the curtain of peace fell on war's grim stage they laid down the sword to take up the pruning hook, exchanged the rifle for the plow, and from the thunder and shock of battle to the nobler avocation of homebuilding, setting again the example to all nations of armies of war turning into armies of peace. More than forty years have passed away since the last charge was made - since the last cannon's lips grew cold - and only a remnant is left of the men of '61-65.

The majority, having answered "tapps" in the camp of eternity, face the setting sun, and with whitened brow and step feeble and slow, but with courage as high as that which inspired the charge up Lookout's rugged mount, they march toward the silent river to cross in God's own time, to be mustered into the white-robed army of the Prince of Peace. Nor will their life's lesson be lost, but a patriotism by their sacrifices has been engendered that assures the departing hero that these sires' sons will too, in time of need, be found not wanting but ready when duty calls to obey her behest.

The Early Settlers

The early settlers of a hundred years ago were of a class that has now passed away forever. The only means of travel was by wagon, on horseback, or on foot, and many of the best families of today, who are living in comfort, if not in luxury, are sprung from men and women who emigrated to this new country carrying in a "prairie schooner," as the old-fashioned wagons were called, all their earthly possessions, and many, indeed, arrived without any but the barest necessaries, of a day when even necessaries were very few, and when the total value of an average household furnishings could be told in cents instead of dollars, and the settler was considered well provided if he could call his own, besides the ever-present and ever-necessary rifle, an ax, a skillet, a pot, and usually an iron oven, or a flat-bottomed iron vessel, about five inches deep, with an iron lid fitting over the top with a half ring or loop, by which the lid might be lifted. This vessel set on three legs, about two inches long, the vessel itself having a bail or handle by which it might be lifted. A spinning wheel, both for wool and flax, and sometimes for cotton, were among the "plunder," as they universally called their household goods, if the settler was more than average prosperous. And these few and simple implements and utensils met their few and simple wants. They had known nothing of other conveniences, and did not feel the need of them.

The forest furnished meat, and Indian corn was the staff of pioneer life. "White" bread, as bread made from wheat was called, was almost unknown. Sugar made from the sap of sugar trees, or wild honey, of which there was an abundance, furnished sweetening. As there were no rich there could be no poor, but all were upon one common level socially, so far as this world's goods were concerned, and the only mark of respectability was truthfulness, helpfulness and bravery in times of trouble. To have the reputation that one might be depended on, was to stand high in the estimation of all. As few communities were within less than a mile of each other, a neighborhood meant a township and friends often miles apart, and but very few families were reckoned by counties. Mills were at first unknown and corn was pounded to meal in a mortar made of a huge block off a log, about three feet long, set on end, and the top hollowed out cup-shaped. A sapling, rounded at the large end and hanging above, suspended to another sapling, so as to form a spring, was the pestle. Near the lower end of this pestle a hole was bored, through which a pin was driven, forming a hand hold on either side, so that two could work and add force to the downward blow, soon reducing the kernel to a course meal, which was then poured from an elevation in the open air to blow out the husks of the grain. The meal was then sifted in a sieve by hand, if the pioneer was so fortunate as to own a sieve, if not one was soon made by tightly stretching a piece of wet buckskin over a hoop, which when dry was burned full of tiny holes with a small piece of wire, thus forming a sieve, which however crude, performed its part in providing the daily bread to the full satisfaction of the family. A new family was welcomed with openhearted hospitality, and when a location was selected the men for miles around lent a helping hand in raising the house, which was to be the future home, and men thought nothing of riding many miles to assist in a house-raising.

Almost all the genuine settlers were deeply religious, although knowing nothing of religious forms, as is generally true of those who live isolated lives amid the vastness of nature's unbroken domain. All had heard in the old home the Word preached, and many in their simple faith had "jined" church and brought with them to the wilderness of Illinois the faith of their fathers. But here distinctions were lost, and in an age when religious intolerance ran high in older communities, all differences, save in name, were lost. The fervent Methodist, the sedate Presbyterian, the argumentative Baptist, met, when opportunity offered, to listen to the preacher of whatever sect, and forgot their differences of dogma in the joy of worship. Nor did this spirit die until communities grew strong enough to support churches of the denominations, and then not entirely, as the Union church in many communities testify. Live stock increased rapidly and had a very low money value. As the pasturage cost nothing, stock was permitted to run at large from spring to late fall, when it was hunted far and near and brought home. Each family had a mark which was recorded and which no other might use. It was usually a cut, or cuts. in the ear or both ears. An under bit in the right ear and a split in the left, or a crop off one ear and a slit in the other, or a hole in one and a swallow tail in the other, and so on, and stock which had not been seen for months was readily identified, and as every one knew every other one's mark, neighbors told neighbors where they had seen their stock and thus aided the other in the finding. My father's mark was an under bit in the right ear and a crop off the left, and the stock could be identified at some distance without dismounting. A few also branded, where they owned branding irons, and as an extra precaution used a large mark or letter on the hip and a smaller one on the horn.

The writer well remembers an incident of his childhood that is as fresh today as though it happened but yesterday. An Englishman and wife had settled in the neighborhood, and being thrifty and having brought some money with them, soon had a number of steers, which they branded with a small H on the horn and a large L on the hip. One morning in the late fall Mrs. - rode up to my father's house, and when he appeared in answer to her "hello," she said, "Good morning, I'm looking up our steers. Have you seen a big, red steer with a hoe on his orn and a hell on his ipp?" Father had not seen that steer. The favorite pastime among the boys and young men were running, jumping, wrestling and shooting, which last sport was often curtailed by a scarcity of ammunition, a supply of which must at all times be kept on hand as a protection for the family from Indian stragglers, and for the stock from the wild animals, and of the poultry from the "varmints," all of which abounded and against which both the good man and good wife had sworn eternal enmity; and the cabin sides were at all times ornamented with the out-stretched skins of the fox, the "coon," the "possum," the wildcat, or "bobcat," as they choose to call it, the mink, weasel and other of the smaller "varmints," with an occasional wolf or "painter" hide to keep company, tacked to the walls to dry. These pelts had a value as furs and were often used instead of money as a standard of value and a medium of exchange.

\\restling was of three kinds and no rules governed either except a general fairness. The favorite was "side holts," in which, after it had been agreed as to who should have the "under holt," the champions stood side by side with one's right arm and the other's left around the waist of the opponent. The other hands were clasped in front and the struggle began, often lasting several minutes before one or the other measured his length on the ground. A contest of skill of this character was sometimes, when the contestants were well matched, an event talked about for many a day. The second kind was ''back holt," in which the wrestlers stood face to face, each with his left arm under his opponent's right, and right over his opponent's left, with hands clasped behind his back. Both strength and skill were needed in this kind of a contest, and often the struggle was long and violent, and -not infrequently ended in one or both receiving reminders in strained limbs or back. The third was catch-as-catch-can, and the result often depended on the quickness and judgment, not to say luck, of the wrestler. In this match the wrestlers stood several feet apart and at the word ran to each other, catching such hold of each other as they could, and the struggle began, to be ended only when one or the other went down. Fighting was frequent among the more reckless element, and bouts were arranged between the bully of one settlement and the bully of another settlement to decide which was the best man. There was no animosity between the contestants, and often they had never seen each other until the day of battle. To have the name of being the "best man" in one settlement was sure to bring a challenge from the "best man" in some other to decide the question of brute supremacy. The terms being agreed upon, at it they went with fist and nail, foot and hand, hitting, scratching, biting, kicking and gouging. Nothing was barred that could be done with nature's weapons of offense or defense. No arms or clubs were ever used, and an offer to use anything but hands, feet or teeth would result in such a system of ostracism as would compel the offender to leave the community in disgrace. No blow was ever struck after one or the other cried "nuff," which was an acknowledgment of the other's supremacy, and the victor and vanquished, with the friends of both, would celebrate the event with liberal potations of "black strop," and not infrequently the principals developed, out of so strange and strenuous an acquaintance, a devoted friendship that death alone could dissolve.

In the fall of the year shooting matches were often indulged in open to all, in which the best shot took one hind quarter of a beef, the second best shot took the other, while the third and fourth best took the forequarters, respectively, while the fifth best shot received the "fifth quarter," as the hide and tallow were called. Cattle being so cheap, the prize was not of so much value as the reputation of being" the best shot. The writer has known hunters who would deem themselves disgraced if they shot a squirrel anywhere but in the eye.

The'"hoss" race was another form of amusement among the younger men. Each, of course, would "brag" about the good qualities of his horse until a race was ar- ranged. There were no rules but a place and time to start and a point at which the course was to end. Rarely was there any stake other than the glory of beating the other horse. Quarter horses were in the highest repute, that is a horse that ran his best race in a quarter of a mile and did not last much beyond that distance. The horses of that day were untrained and of no particular stock, yet some of them developed considerable speed and good staying qualities, but on a modern race course the best of them would be sadly out of place. The swine of that day were of the hazel-splitting, razor-backed kind, usually, and were permitted to run wild in the woods almost from birth, with only an occasional feeding of corn, and were frequently "mast" fattened, as a hog fattened on nuts and acorns was called, and a good mast year produced an abundance of rich, juicy, well-flavored pork, somewhat too oily, to be sure, but toothsome nevertheless. The hams, shoulders and sides were salted and smoked with the smoke from hickory wood, and had a flavor that modern methods cannot give.

The dress of both men and women was home made, both as to material and tailoring, and was of the plainest linen for summer and linsey woolsey for the women in winter, and jeans for the men. All were made by hand, from the stalk of flax or the back of the sheep, and the housewife was kept busy from early morn to late at night with card, or spinning wheel or loom, and when resting the knitting needle was ever flying in skillful fingers, fashioning the mittens or socks or comforters for the menfolks, who, in her mind, always must first be provided for. The covering for the head was often a cap made from the skin of a "coon" or other animal, with the fur still on and the tail hanging down behind as an ornament, while the women wore a quilted hood or a small shawl, or the eternal sunbonnet. The footwear was homemade also. either moccasins of deer hide, or shoes or boots of leather, tanned at home or by some neighbor, and made up by the head of the family or by one more skilled, if such there were in the neighborhood. But in summer both men and women frequently, and children always, went barefooted, and many a blushing damsel would walk miles on Sunday morning to meeting barefooted, carrying her shoes and stockings in her hand, and just before coming in sight of the meeting sit down on a log or stump and put them on, doing this to save shoe leather, and there be today a few grand old dames in Marion county who had such experience as this. Courtships were generally brief, and usually ended in happy marriages. Divorce, that curse of modern times, that hellish threat against the home, was almost unknown, and the divorcee was looked upon with suspicion and contempt by all. The pioneer was content with his lot, but content only because he saw in the future his lands increase in value, his stock grow more and more of worth, and his comforts increase with the years, an honest reward for honest toil. He saw the little clearing grow into fertile fields, the cabin of his early years replaced by a larger and better home, and the evening of life, surrounded by children in homes of their own, cast a glow of satisfaction over his toil that is unknown to this more mercenary generation.

The home of the settler was at first usually a one-room, log cabin, to which were added a room or two as necessity and opportunity required or permitted. Logs were cut in the immediate vicinity of the cabin site to the required length, and if time was not too pressing they were hewn to a flat surface on two opposite sides. making a timber about six or eight inches thick. These were "snaked" to the cabin site, and on the set day the entire neighborhood of men and boys gathered to the "raising." The party was divided into two squads, each under a captain, and four expert axmen, chosen as "cornermen." Pillars had been placed in the ground to support the building. The first logs were placed on opposite sides and parallel to each other, the parts resting on the pillars being flattened by the axmen so as to lie steadily on the supports. On these were then placed logs, hewn flat on one side, at right angles to the two foundation logs, and at spaces of about two feet apart, forming the sleepers to support the floor. The axmen now each took position at his corner, and logs were brought and rolled up "skids" at the sides and ends alternately. The axmen notched the ends so that the bottom of one log fitted over the end of the log beneath, thus binding the building together. Thus the process was repeated until the required height was reached, when the gables were made by making each end log shorter than the preceding one by the length of the clapboard, with which the roof was to be made, the side logs being drawn in, forming a slant for the roof. Clapboards, which had been riven from a straightgrained oak, were then laid from one logto the next above until the roof was complete. Weight poles, i. e., poles laid on the clapboards to hold them down, were placed and pinned fast by wooden pins, holding them securely. An opening was then cut in one end, usually about six feet square, in which was built a fireplace of logs, the inside of which was thickly coated with clay, and a "chimbly" was built of small split sticks, laid in clay and also coated on the inside with clay. This clay when submitted to the action of the fire, burned almost to the hardness of brick, and protected the wooden framework of the fireplace and chimney. Xext a place for a door was cut, and a rough door made of slats split from a log and pinned to a crosspiece at top and bottom with wooden pins. The crosspieces extended a few inches past the door on one side and a hole was bored in the end to serve as a hinge. The ends of the logs cut to form the threshold were held in place by uprights. Pinned to the logs on these uprights, were fastened pieces of wood, so shaped as to form the bottom part of the hinge, and the door placed in position and swinging on the pivots thus formed, a wooden latch with a leather thong thrust through a hole so as to hang outside, so that by pulling it the latch was raised and the door free to be opened. The door was locked by pulling the string inside, so that no one from the outside could raise the latch. This method of fastening is handed down to us in the hospitable phrase "that the latch string is always out to you." A floor of puncheons, or slabs split from logs, was then laid and roughly hewn, and the house was done.

A day of toil and a day of jollity was often ended with a dance or a party for the young people, either in the new house or the home of some neighbor, where true frontier hospitality was dispensed with a lavish, if uncouth, hand. Often when the men set a day for the "raising," the women set the same day for a quilting at some near home, and spent the day quilting and cooking, the later often out of doors, if the weather was warm, and improvised tables and often wooden platters for dishes were filled with such viands as only the frontier can provide. Corn bread, bear meat, venison, pork, beef, one or all, the succulent succotash, i. e., green corn and string beans cooked together, Irish and sweet potatoes, pumpkin and squash as a "sass," or in pies, with milk or tea from the root of the sassafras, wild honey or maple molasses furnished a meal that fitted the needs of the hardy backwoodsman, and one to which he did ample justice. Such a meal for twenty hungry men could be furnished without the outlay of a single penny, as everything was the product of the farm or forest and represented labor but not money, as no market for these was within reach. Corn bread was made in various ways. The most general was the hoe cake and Johnny cake, and these only differed in the method of baking. Corn bread was baked before the fire in a "Dutch" oven with live coals under it and a shovelful of live coals placed on the lid. The hoe cake was originally baked by being placed on the blade of a hoe or shovel and placed on the live coals, the bread being uncovered. The Johnny cake, like the hoe cake, was molded by the hands into a small oblong loaf and then baked before the fire on a board, much as the planked fish of today is cooked. The ingredients were water, salt, meal and perhaps a little grease, and to the veteran of pioneer days no sponge or other cake can equal the hoe cake or the Johnny cake of his childhood days.

Whiskey made from corn was found in every house, and everyone drank more or less, although it was usually confined to the morning dram. Drunkenness was almost unknown, and it was the custom to show the hospitality of the home by producing the bottle. No thought of discourtesy entered the mind of either when the minister was offered the contents of "Black Bettie" after his journey through the wilderness or the exertion of a two hours' discourse. Whiskey was only worth about twenty cents a gallon, and as it was made from corn that was still cheaper, it was pure and not so harmful as the vile chemical compound now sold as whiskey. But with the springing up of villages with their "doggeries," a change of sentiment took place, and ere long the habit of whiskey drinking began to be looked upon with disfavor, and so far as home drinking is concerned has passed away, we trust, forever.

An early marriage in the early day was encouraged among folks, and it was not uncommon for a youth of seventeen or -eighteen to marry a girl of fourteen or fifteen. The responsibilities of life thus assumed early developed a spirit of independence and self-help on the part of the young couple, and a wedding of that day was an event in which the whole settlement took interest, and as everybody who heard of the wedding was considered invited, it often assumed large if not elaborate proportions. The following description of one told by a participant is vividly remembered and may be taken as a standard by which to guage the wedding festivities of an early day in the then great West, of which Marion county was a part. The groom's family lived in what is now Salem township, and the bride's home was six or seven miles distant to the west, in what is now the McClelland or Deadman settlement. On the morning of the wedding day the groom, in company with all the young people of both sex who resided in the settlement, twenty or twentyfive, on horseback, started to the home of the bride's parents. Arriving in sight of the house, the cavalcade was halted by the master of ceremonies and two of the young men told off to race for "Black Bettie." Off they went, as fast as their horses could go and yelling like wild Indians. They were met at the door, up to which they rode, by the man of the house who handed a squat, black bottle to the one who first arrived. He then rode back to the waiting party in triumph, followed by his unsuccessful, though by no means cast-down rival. The bottle was presented to the groom and then passed from hand to hand until all had tasted, when the line of march was resumed. When the house was reached the girls were helped off their horses and went into the house, where soon everyone was busy helping to get dinner, while the young men attended to the horses. After they had finished this task they passed the time in wrestling, boxing, running, jumping and other athletic sports. At about two o'clock dinner was "called," when the men, with faces shining from a vigorous scrubbing in cold water with soft soap and hair plastered down with bear oil, seated themselves on puncheon benches on either side of a long table, to be waited on by the girls, who waited until the men had eaten, when, at a signal from the master of ceremonies, a "grace" was said, and all turned their attention to the repast that, though common enough then, could not be duplicated now for love or money.

The afternoon was spent in games of various sorts, the bride-to-be keeping out of the way to avoid the rough, though kindly, jokes that would be "cracked" at her expense. At about six o'clock in the evening the preacher arrived, and with a whoop and hurrah, the guests assembled in the largest room in the house and a profound silence fell upon the crowd. The groom stood be- fore the preacher and the bridesmaids led the blushing bride to his side, and amid a solemn stillness, the minister's voice only being heard, they were made one of twain. Hardly were the words spoken, when with eager steps the friends pressed forward to offer congratulations, fervent and sincere. Supper was then eaten, after which the room was cleared, and to the old backwood's tunes of "Arkansas Traveler," "Hell up the Wabash" and the "Devil's Dream," accompanied by the constant pat-pat of the fiddler's foot, the frolic began. At about eleven o'clock a halt was called, when a bevy of girls, who had slipped the bride away and put her to bed in the loft, as the upper room was called, entered. This was the signal to the "boys," and they seized the groom and hustled him upstairs and acted as grooms until he too was disrobed and was tucked in, when they returned below. The dance began again and was kept up until daylight, or if the fiddler grew weary, they sat out the night. Next morning, after a hearty breakfast, the cavalcade formed with gaily decked horses with such finery as the times afforded and took up the line of march to the home of the groom's parents to partake of the "infare" dinner, where much the same proceedings were had. On the third day the guests went home, after appointing a time to come and help the young people build a house, if one had not already been built, and do such other things as might help start the newly married couple well on the road toward home-building.

Births in that early day were in the hands of the older women of the settlements and were rarely attended with unpleasant or dangerous consequences. Large families was the rule, and it was a matter of pride to be the parents of a dozen or more hearty girls and boys. Sickness was rare, except chills and fever in the fall, or, as it was generally called, the ague, in which, in the first stage, a coldness that no fire could warm took hold of the victim, and he shook and shivered so severely that the bed would shake and even the dishes in the cupboard rattle. After an hour or two of this paroxysm the patient began to get warm and was soon in the agony of a raging fever. In an hour or two more this would pass and the patient, apparently none the worse for his shake, went about his business until the second day, when the attack invariably returned. Quinine was the remedy invariably used in this disease, which was considered the only helpful remedy, and is so regarded by many today. Calomel was generally taken to get rid of the malaria. Billions fever sometimes developed, but generally yielded to the calomel and quinine treatment, which, if somewhat heroic, was generally successful after the disease had run its course. Some years the ague was much worse than others, and at times there were not enough well to wait on the sick. Often the entire family would be down at once and no one to give them even a drop of water. In winter the most common disease was winter fever, now known under its proper name of pneumonia.

Doctors at first were unknown in the settlements, but soon one would locate somewhere within a day's ride of every settlement, and it was a common thing for the doctor's practice to extend over a radius of twenty or even thirty miles. With more cultivation of land the ague has almost disappeared, and this generation cannot believe the tales told of the ague in the past as they know of nothing like it in the present, yet they are true as the testimony of many witnesses will prove. Deaths occurred then as now, and sickness was the one thing that brought forth kindly sympathy and help of the whole settlement. Neighbors took time about sitting up with the sick, acting as nurses and doing the work of the stricken one. No thought of recompense, save in kind, ever entered the mind of any. One case is known where the men of a neighborhood divided the time, three taking every night until the nine men had each served, then the first three again, and so on every third night and kept this up for more than a year until the sufferer died, having been bedridden the entire time.

Funerals were conducted by the settlers themselves, no undertakers being in the locality. The coffin was generally a plain, wooden box that some settler, handy with tools, made, and the men of the neighborhood, acted as sextons and dug the grave. The coffin was hauled to the burying place on a sled or in a farm wagon, if any distance, and after a prayer by some older man of the community was deposited in the grave, which was then filled up by relays of the neighbors, all staying until the little mound was shaped and smoothly patted down by the spades of the workers. If, as was often the case, the burial was or. the land of the family, the body was carried to the grave. In any case the announcement was made that the funeral would be preached by Brother So-and-so, at his next visit to the settlement, often six or more months in the future. The writer remembers, that when a child he heard a funeral preached of a woman who had been dead more than a year. Times have changed; the pioneer is no more in Illinois, but his handiwork remains. They had their joys, different from the joys of their grandchildren, but no less joys, and no less appreciated. His sorrows, like our sorrows, were no less poignant ; his hopes as high and his desires as strong; his love as true; his hates as bitter; his heart as brave and true and patriotic as any that beats today. With the ax he hewed out the pathway of empire, and with the rifle he defended what he gained. Honest himself, he trusted others; hospitable, he shared his little all with whoever came, and no more thought of receiving pay than he would have thought of offering pay. But they are gone. They sleep on the hilltop or in the valley where loving hands laid them, and the world moves on, and they who labored and loved and suffered and departed in the early days of Marion, are only a fast disappearing vision of the past.