Rock Island County, Illinois - The whole text, 1885 (part 18 of 24)

After graduating, Dr. Truesdale went to Poland, Mahoning Co., his native State, where he first entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1854, concluding that there was a wider field for operation in the West, and also a better chance to replenish an exchequer that had been considerably diminished by the prosecution of his studies, and the limited practice of a young physician in the East, he came to Rock Island, and has since been in active practice in this place, covering a period of some 31 years. He is the local surgeon of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and is highly respected and esteemed by all those who know him, not only for his ability as a medical practitioner and surgeon, but also for the interest he takes in the upbuilding of the community in which he lives, and in which he has been such an important factor. He has built up quite an extensive practice, and is regarded as a physician who leaves nothing undone to allay the sufferings of his patients and restore them to original strength and vigor.

Dr. Truesdale formed a matrimonial alliance with Miss Charlotte M. Haynes, a native of the Green I Mountain Stale, June i, 1851. She was born in May, 1826. Four children have been born to them, namely : William H., November, 1851 ; Charles C, June, 1858; Henry C, Feb., i860; and Mary S., Sept., 1853. William H. married Anna Topping in 1878, and they have one child, Marie Truesdale. Mary S. married Jos. Gaskill- in 1883.

Religiously, Dr. Truesdale is a member of the Presbyterian Church, wnich denomination Mrs. Truesdale also attends. Mr. T. is a member of the Rock Island Medical Society, the Illinois State Medical Society, and the American Medical Association.

j ev. T. N. Hasselquist, D. D., Professor of |." Theology and President of Augustana Col- JT^RK5, lege and Theological Seminary, Rock Island, was born in the parish of Ousby, in the southern part of Sweden, March 2, 181 6. He graduated at the University of Lund in 1835, and was ordained to the holy ministry by the Bishop of the Diocese of Lund in June, 1839. He labored as minister in" the established Church of Sweden (the Lutheran) for 13 years. In 1852 Dr. Hasselquist accepted the call extended to him from the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church of Galesburg, Knox Co., 111., and arrived in October of the same year. With great zeal and self-denial he entered upon his new field of labor. While serving the congregation of Galesburg he also organized congregations at Knoxville, Wataga, Altona and at many other places in Knox, Henry and Bureau Counties. When the Scandinavian Evangelical Lutheran Augustana Synod was organized in i860, Dr. Hasselquist was chosen its first President, which position he held for ten years, until 1S70, when he made a visit to his native country, and was succeeded by Rev. Jonas Swensson, of Andover, 111.

In 1863 Dr. Hasselquist was called to fill the important position of Professor at Augustana Theological Seminary, of Paxton, Ford Co., 111. He was the only professor of the institution, and the enrollment of students the first year was only 12. Under his wise management and by his incessant labors the institution has witnessed an extraordinary growth, and now ranks among the best institutions of learning in the West. (See history of Augustana College and Theological Seminary, page 760.)

Besides his many and important duties as Pastor, Professor and President, he has also, since 1855, been constantly engaged in editorial work. In that year he started the Gamla och Nya Hemlandet (Old and New Homeland), the first Swedish political paper in the West, which is now published in Chicago and is still prosperous. In 1856 he began publishing the Retta Hemlandet (True Homeland), a Swedish religious paper. The name of this has since been changed to Augustana och Missionaren, of which he is still editor-in-chief.

Dr. Hasselquist has at all times taken a deep interest in educating and elevating his countrymen in America and will be gratefully remembered by coming generations of Swedes and Americans.

As the most distinguished gentleman of his nationality in America, the publishers of this Album take great pleasure in presenting the portrait of Mr. Hasselquist in connection with this very brief outline of his life.

oseph F. Tindall, a farmer residing on section 28, Rural Township, where he is engaged in agricultural pursuits, is a son of John and Elizabeth (Cropper) Tindall, natives of Maryland. The parents came to Rock Island County in an early day and settled in the township of Bowling, where the mother died. The father still survives. (See sketch of John Tindall.)

Joseph F. Tindall was born in Bowling Township, this county, Feb. 2r, 1845. With the exception of one year spent in Kansas he has lived in this county until the present time. He is the proprietor of 280 acres of land in Rural Township, one-half of which is under an advanced state of cultivation. His marriage took place in Milan, March 31, 1S73, at which time Miss Rebecca Bridgford, daughter of John Bridgford, became his wife, and of their union rive children have been born. In politics, Mr. Tindall votes with the Republican party. He has held the office of Overseer of Highways and is one of the representative citizens of his vocation in Rural Township.

'rt|i ill Gray, editor of the Record, published at Milan, was born at La Salle, this State, in 1863. In 1870 he moved to Rock Island with his parents and at the age of 15 years -A\1S' entered the newspaper fraternity by publishing an amateur paper, which was called the Friend. This paper was published successfully for a year and a half and was then merged into a professional paper, which was called the People's Friend. The People's Friend w as published until June, 1885, when it was merged into the Record, now being published at Milan. The paper is a spicy one, and its editor, having had a life experience in the newspaper business, will undoubtedly make it the peer of any in Rock Island County. Its subscription price is only $1 per year and advertising rates reasonable, and we speak for the Record a good word and for its smiling and genial editor many.

, fl J.' rederick Wendel, engaged in the furni- yJs'H ture and undertakers, business at Hampr!C"n ton, came to that village from St. Louis, in 1850. He was born in Hanover, Germany, June 19, 1824, and emigrated from that country to the United States in 1848. Mr. Wendel attended school in his native country until 15 years of age ; then learned the cabinet trade, at which he served three years; then traveled over Germany and France and worked at his trade. On coming to this country he landed at New Oileans, where he remained for six months working at his trade, receiving therefor $3 per day. He then came to Galena, this State, and worked during the summer at the furniture business, receiving the same amount per diem. After this he went to St. Louis, where he remained through the winter, and in the spring of 1850 came to Hampton, this county, and engaged in the furniture business for himself. He has followed the same since that time and keeps a full line of all kinds of furniture and coffins on hand. Mr. Wendel is the oldest living German settler at that place.

He was married in 1853 to Miss Louisa Weaver, a native of Rock Island. In politics, Mr. Wendel votes with the Democratic party. He and his wife belong to the Lutheran Church, and their residence is on Water Street. The business house of Mr. Wendel is located on Oak Street. For nine years Mr. W. was School Trustee and for one year acted in the capacity of Alderman. He is one of the representative business men of Hampton Village, and his success is due to his fair and honest dealings with his fellow-man.

^FfiEi eorge Weaver, a farmer residing on sec- HyflJfc tion 2, South Moline Township, is a son K of Jacob and Margaret Weaver, natives of Germain', whose family comprised six children ; of these George was the second in order of birth. Mr. Weaver was born in Germany, Dec. 16, i S 1 7 . He was n years old when he emigrated to the United States with his father. They lived in Warren Co., Pa., until 1836, when they came to Rock Island County, this State, where the father died. The mother died in Germany.

Geoige Weaver has lived in this country almost continually since his father came here, and has devoted his time to agricultural pursuits. He is the owner of 136 acres of land in South Moline Township.

His marriage took place in Rock Island, June 15, rS43, at which time Miss Scisley Schooley became his wife. She was born in Ohio, Feb. 12, 1S23, and has borne her husband 12 children, eight of whom survive, namely : John, Jacob, Amos, Anna, George W , Lotta, Lizzie and Maria. The deceased are : Catherine, Ellen, Louis F. and Francis Mr. W. has been School Director, and in politics is a believer in the principles advocated by the Democratic party.

eneral Thomas J. Rodman was born in Salem, Ind., July 30, 1815. He was the son of James Rodman, a farmer, who was born in Pennsylvania, moved to Kentucky, there married, and afterward removed to Indiana. His brother John remained in Kentucky, and his descendants are now prominent in that State.

General Rodman graduated at West Point in 1841, and was assigned to the Ordnance Department, in which he served continuously until his death, June 7, 187 1, being promoted successively from Brevet Second Lieutenant to Lieutenant Colonel and Brevet Brigadier General. He served in the Mexican War as Ordnance Officer at Camargo and Point Isabel. During the Rebellion he was Constructor of Ordnance and in command at Watertown Arsenal. He was in command at Rock Island Arsenal from 1866 till his death.

During his entire military career of 30 years he devoted his earnest attention to the development and improvement of the manufacture of metals, gunpowder and heavy ordnance, and every advance made in this direction by the United States was the direct result of his elaborate experiments and researches and his wise deductions from them.

He is chiefly known to the scientific world by the inventions in his favorite field, and to the world at large by the famous "Rodman Gun." He began this work at the very bottom, by the selection of the iron ore. He improved and adapted the furnaces for their proper reduction, invented an elaborate machine for testing the metal, and for years, with wonderful patience and skill, made those long series of tests and experiments of which even the record seems almost interminable. He then, with mathematical skill, constructed the equation for the proper form of a gun. He invented the method of casting the gun and the machinery for finishing it, even to the smallest details. In the same laborious manner he designed the projectiles, chose his metals, tested and combined them, and produced what was best for his purposes.

Powder was also subjected to his stern and patient analysis. The theory of its power had not been thoroughly understood, and it was not adapted for use in heavy guns. General Rodman changed its form and size and density, and molded the unruly agent to his will. He made his gun and powder and projectile. No fort then built, no armor then afloat could withstand them. His country used them in stilling the turbulence of rebellion; all nations modeled their ordnance on his ideas ; but, with the philosophic modesty of true knowledge, he said, " I have but contracted the limits of uncertainty."

The last years of his life he devoted mainly to the plan and development of the Arsenal of Rock Island. To him it was a vast factory, comprehensive, almost boundless in its scope, on which the Government should some day depend in time of need. His strong individuality and earnest ability commanded the respect of the National Legislature; and to this fact we largely owe the liberal appropriations neces- ': sary to place the great arsenal on its proper footing. ' It has been extremely fortunate that General Rod- ' man was succeeded in command by so able an officer as Col. D. W. Flagler, who has done so much to extend and develop the plans of the arsenal.

General Rodman married the daughter of Rev. John Black, who preached for fifty years in the same church in Pittsburg. Mrs. Rodman is still living, and also her three sons and two daughters.

ja amuel W. Heath, who is engaged in generp£ al farming and the raising of live stock, *^ and residing on section 17, Bowling Township, was born near Pittsburg, Pa., March 12, 1S36. His father, Joseph Heath, was a native of Allegheny County, that State; was married in Pittsburg, Pa., and after a residence there of 25 years came West, settling in Scott Co., Iowa, where he died May 22, 1863, aged 64 years. His wife, «« Sarah Lake, was the daughter of an Allegheny Co. (Pa.) farmer, died in Rock Island County, township of Bowling, at the age of 67 years, at the residence of her daughter, Mrs. Sarah E. Mi - Cullough.

Mr. Heath, the subject of this notice, was educated in his native city, and resided at the parental home until he was 23 years of age, learning the trade of blacksmith. At the age mentioned he emigrated West, locating in Scott Co., Iowa, about five miles from the city of Davenport. He followed farming there 12 years, purchasing during the time ten acres of land. This he sold for $2,000 and came to Bowling Township, where he bought 88 acres, which at the time was unimproved. He has since made this his permanent residence, now being the proprietor of 2ooacres altogether, well unimproved and in fine condition for all the purposes of agriculture and stockraising. The place is equipped with a sufficient number of good farm buildings.

At McKeesport, Allegheny Co., Pa., Nov. 17, 1859, Mr. Heath was married to Miss Nancy M. Cunningham, who was born in that county Dec. 11, 1 840. She was the daughter of a coal merchant, and was reared and educated at that village. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Heath are eight in number, one of whom is deceased. The living are Joseph A., who married Ellen McBurney and resides on a farm in West Bowling; Elizabeth F., William H., Samuel O., Jessie V., Georgie and Sadie A.

Mr. Heath is independent in his selection of candidates for public office ; has been Road Commissioner, School Director, etc., and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mrs. H. is also a member of the same church.

iapt. Robert S. Montgomery, a well known farmer and business man of Edsrmgton Township, was born March 30, 1836, in Montour Co., Pa., and in the fall of the same year his parents brought him with them on their removal to Edgington Township. (See sketch of Daniel Montgomery.) His early education was obtained in the common schools and at Macomb, 111., and his boyhood days when not at school were employed in assisting on the farm. On the breaking out of the late war he was prompt to respond to the call of duty, and on the 1st of August, 1S61, he enlisted at Moline, 111., for three years, soon after which the command was ordered to the front; was wounded at the battle of Lexington, Mo., where he was taken prisoner; soon after his release, was discharged and mustered out. In March, 1862, he again enlisted, and was commissioned Captain of Co. B, 65 th Regt. 111. Vol. Inf., and with his regiment was first sent to the Shenandoah valley: was present at the surrender of Harper's Ferry, where he was captured, was paroled, and then sent to Chicago, where he was subsequently exchanged; after which he. with others, was ordered to Kentucky, and on the formation of the Army of the Cumberland, his command became a part of the same; was at the siege of Knoxville, Tenn. ; served in the East Tennessee and Atlanta campaigns. Under Thomas, he took part in the ba'.tles of Columbus, Franklin and Nashville, and after the defeat of Hood they were transported to North Carolina. He served through the entire Atlanta campaign, and took part in the captuie of Wilmington, N. C. At the battle of Atlanta Captain Montgomery received a slight flesh wound in the shoulder. He was also wounded at Columbus, Tenn. With the exception of about one week, he commanded his company until the close of the war, after which he was honorably discharged. He returned home and turned his attention actively to business. Subsequently he married Miss Jane Titterington, daughter of James Titterington, of Buffalo Prairie. They have five daughters and three sons. Their names in order of birth are Alexander B., born June 19, 1870 ; Elizabeth S., Sept. 4, 187 1 ; Anna Bell, Sept. 26, 1873; Margaret J., Nov. 4, 1875; Elinor Ruth, March 14, 1877; Louisa Reed, Aug. 5, 1879; Daniel T., Feb. 6. 1881; James H., Sept. 10, 1882. Captain Montgomery and his brother Daniel have for many years been engaged in partnership in their business transactions. They are largely engaged in forming, stock-raising and grainbuying. (See sketch of Daniel Montgomery.) Views of the splendidly equipped forms of these gentlemen are given on the opposite page.

Capt. Montgomery is a very enterprising man, and has done his share in adding to the wealth, development and prosperity of the township in which he lives. His comfortable and pleasant home, a view of which is shown on another page, is on section 26 (near the Prairie Union School-house), where he dispenses a generous hospitality. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, In politics, he is a stanch supporter of the principles as promulgated by the Republican party.

J^aniel Montgomery, a substantial and enpllJe^k' terprising farmer of Edgingto'n Township, jj^y'^ was born at the old Montgomery Home- ^W stead, Jan. S, 1840, and is the third son of Daniel and Margaret (Simmington) Montit gomery. The father, Daniel, was born in Danville, Montour Co., Pa., July 1, 1794, and he and his wife were among the early colonial settlers of Danviile, Pa. They were influential citizens and prominent manufacturers of that section of the country.

The older Daniel Montgomery was liberally educated in the private schools of his native town. After attaining the age of manhood, he turned his attention to the milling business and the manufacture of cloth. Two of his brothers were ministers of the Presbyterian Church, one of them, John, being an early settler of Mercer County, this State. He was one of the first ministers to preach the Presbyterian faith in Edgington Township.

Mr. Montgomery was married Aug. 10, 1825, to Miss Christiana Griffin, and the issue of that union was one son, William Montgomery, who resides in this township. Mrs. Montgomery survived their marriage only a few years. Mr. Montgomery subsequently married Miss Margaret Simmington, their wedding being celebrated on the 17th of February, 1835, and the following autumn, 1836, they removed to Edgington Township, where Mr. Montgomery entered 1,000 acres of land and engaged in farming on quite an extensive scale. He was possessed of considerable means, and was able to enter upon the improvement of his estate in a much better condition than most of the early residents. The fall of 1842, he had a large flock of sheep driven from Ohio to his place, which were the first brought to the

By the latter union Mr. Montgomery has had four children, their names given in order ot birth, as follows : Robert, born March 30, 1836; John, April 10, 1S38, now .1 resident of Mercer County; Daniel, the subject of this sketch, Jan. 8, 1840, and James, Jan. 3, 1842, and residing in Rock Island, where he is engaged in the hardware business. The elder Montgomery and his wife are were both members of the Presbyterian Church at Edgington. He was for many years an Elder in the Church. In politics lie was a Whig, and his death occurred May 17, 1849; his widow still survives him, and now at the age of 76 years, is in fair health. Her home is at Milan, though she spends a portion of each year with her children. She was born Aug. 11, 1809.

1 taniel Montgomery received his rudimentary education in the district schools, and supplemented the same by attendance at Knox College, at Galesburg, this State, and on leaving school he returned home, and formed a partnership in business with his brother Robert, which still continues. They are the largest farmers in the township, and rank among the largest in the county. They are extensively engaged in stock-raising and feeding, and besides their home place they are in the cattle business in Montana. They are also engaged in the grain business at Reynolds, where they have an elevator. The brothers also own two elevators in Iowa, where they are dealers and shippers of grain. They are part owners in the paper-mill at Milan.

The home estate of the brothers comprises a beautiful tract of very fertile prairie land of 880 acres, which is well improved and under a good state of cultivation. They each have a commodious residence and outbuildings, elegant views of which may be seen on another page, and both home places are on section 26, near the Prairie Union School-house. They are men of experience and ample capital and have enlarged their operations into several fields of business enterprise. As indicated in the above sketch, their cattle-feeding in past years has been extensive, feeding sometimes upwards of 5C0 head. They are also engaged in raising thoroughbred Norman horses. In the spring of 1864, Daniel Montgomery became, like many others, interested in the gold excitement in Idaho Territory, whither he went and remained a short time. He was only fairly successful from a business point of view, though his experience was both interesting and varied. On the 3d of January, 1871, he was married to Miss Martha A. Parks, daughter of H. H. Parks, an old resident of Edgington (see sketch of Mr. Parks). Mrs. Montgomery was born Feb. 1, 1842, and has become the mother of eight children: Walter L., born July 7, 1872; Mary \\\, Aug. 20, 1873; Ella P., Dec. 4, 1874; Sadie S., Dec. 22, 1875; John P., Aug. 27, 1877, deceased; Harriet, Sept. 18, 1S78, her death being caused by an accidental shot; Charles (deceased), Jan. 4, 1880; Martha A., Feb. 3, 1885.

Mr. and Mrs. Montgomery are both members of the Presbyterian Church at Edgington,of which he is a ruling Elder. He has been a member of the Church for a quarter of a century. In the life and career of Mr. Mongomery we have an example of a successful farmer and business man, one who has carved out succes by the exertion of energy, tact and good judgment. In politics he is identified with the Republican party.

homas Bowes, a general farmer on section 19, Bowling Township, was born in Preemption, Mercer Co., 111., Nov. 5, 1847. His father, Robert, Sr., was born in County Fermanagh, Ireland, married there Miss Jane Adams, a native of the same country, and had eight children, two of whom died in Ireland before the emigration of the family to this country in 1846. On coming to the New World they first located in Galena, 111., and afterward removed to Pre-emption, and three years subsequently into Edgington Township, this county, and finally, in 1849, into Bowling Township, where Mr. B. purchased a quarter-section of land on sections 19 and 30 and settled upon the same. He is now 77 years old and is residing with his son Thomas, his wife having died in June, 1875. Our subject, Mr. Thomas Bowes, was the only member of the family who was born in America, and i^ therefore the youngest. He remained at home until his marriage, being educated in Bowling Township and at Rock Island. He was married in the latter city Feb. 11, 1869, to Miss CossaA, Ball, who was born in Green Co., Ohio, Nov. 10, 1845. Her parents resided in that State until their deaths, and she afterward came to Illinois, locating near Taylor Ridge, this county; a short time afterward she removed to Rock Island, where she learned the art of dress-making. The only living child of Mr. and Mrs. Bowes is Thomas E., who was born Feb. 9 1870. Two are deceased, namely : Lenna W., born June 5, 1S73, died March 1, 1874, before he was a year old; and Dottie A., who was born Dec. 12, 1876, and died March 13, i88r.

After his marriage, Mr. Bowes located on the homestead, where he now owns 80 acres of land. He has erected a fine residence for himself, has also a good barn and other farm buildings. The family are connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church.

C. Rasmussen, who stands pre-eminently at the head of professional photography in Rock Island, is a native of Heide in the province of Holstein, Germany, and was born Aug. 9, 1856. His parents came to America in 1857, and lived in New York city up to the death of the senior Mr. Rasmussen, which occurred in 1865.

Mrs. Rasmussen then removed to Davenport, Iowa, where the subject of this sketch began, in 1S67, to learn the art of photography in the gallery of Polmsted. In the spring of 1872 he came to Rock Island to take a position in Gayford's gallery, and remained there until December, 1881, when he established a splendidly equipped gallery, corner Second Avenue and Eighteenth Street, and at once put into effect the advanced ideas of artistic effects through the liberal use of rich accessories and backgrounds. Heretofore the photographic business in this vicinity had been conducted with an eye solely to financial results. Mr. Rasmussen on the contrary aimed first for artistic results, believing that financial success was sure to follow of its own accord. This feeling came of a conviction that as a community it had reached maturity, and as such could, in matters of art, distiguisb between the artistic and the commonplace. That this estimation was correct may be judged from the fact that in less than a year after he had opened his gallery he was acknowledged the leader in his profession here, and at this writing the working force of the gallery over which he presides is more than "twice that of the total working force (including principal), of all the other galleries combined. In addition to his Rock Island gallery, Mr. Rasmussen owns the leading photographic gallery of Davenport, Iowa, which is located in the heart of the city, northeast corner Second and Main Streets.

Mr. Rasmussen is very enthusiastic regarding his art, and does more than his share to advance the position of photography. He is a member of the Photographers' Association of America, and sent a very elaborate display of his work to the Association's Exhibition, held in Buffalo, N. Y.,in July, 1SS5. His display was not only highly spoken of as illustrating his skill as a positionist and his perfect control of light and shadow, but it called forth a very pretty letter from the manufacturer, whose plates Mr. Rasmussen uses, stating that the work was of such unusual merit that it proved to be an excellent advertisement for their plates, for which they showed their appreciation by sending him a beautiful gold medal.

Mr. Rasmussen has been married about six years, and has one child. His mother, who has reached the age of 67, is also a member of his family.

Iv, °f John Ash, a native of Allegheny Co , Pa., of German ancestry, whose ancestors came from England previous to his emigrating to this country. The great-grandfather was an early settler in Pennsylvania, a farmer by occupation, and located in Lehigh County, that State, sometime in the 17th century. The grandfather was one of the first settlers in Mercer County, the same State, before the Indians had left that country. He was a farmer and kept the first public hotel in that county. The father of the subject of this notice accompanied his parents to Mercer County when he was quite young, and there was married to Lydia Bortz. She was the daughter of a Pennsylvania farmer, and of German descent. William Ash and his wife settled on a farm in Pennsylvania, and there resided until the death of the latter, which occurred Feb. n, 1851. He then went to California to prospect for gold, but returned to Pennsylvania, in 1855, and was again married, and of his second union ten children were born.

Simeon P. Ash was the only child of his father's first marriage. After the death of his mother, he lived two years with his grandparents, when he went to ' live witli his uncle, J. G. Shearard. The uncle came West in 1855, locating in Henry County, where he remained until 1865, when he returned to Pennsylvania and again settled in Mercer County, where the subject of this notice completed his education. He continued to reside with his uncle in that county until his marriage, but before that important event, in 1868, he engaged in clerking in the mercantile establishment of G. W. and W. Porter, of Mercer Co., Pa., and remained with that firm for about ten years.

The marriage of Mr. Ash took place Feb. 9, 1871, in Greenville, Mercer Co., Pa., at which time Miss Mary, the accomplished daughter of Aaron an Maria (Butler) Sand, natives of Mercer Co., became his wife. Her parents were of German descent, and her father a farmer by occupation. Mrs. Nash was born in Greenville, Mercer County, Nov. 26, 1850. She was educated in the public schools of her native county, and learned the millinery trade before her marriage, which she is at present prosecuting at Reynolds in her husband's store. She has borne her husband one child, - Thaddeus J., born May 27, 1S73.

After marriage Mr. Ash continued clerking with Porter Bros, until 1877, when, with his wife and child, he came to this State, locating at Reynolds, where he became clerk in the store of W. Johnson, with whom he remained one year. In May, 1878, he established the mercantile business in which he is at present engaged with a small stock, it is true, but by fairdealing with his customers and keeping articles necessary to their wants, he has increased his trade until at present it is a good-paying one, with a stock of about $9,000. He owns the storef house in which he is doing business, together with the lot and a residence and four lots in the village. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which denomination Mr. Ash is Steward. In politics, he is an active, working Republican.

^ohn Forgy, general farmer and stock-raiser, L;ilSJi|f" section 8, Bowling Township, was born in ' Morrow Co., Ohio, Nov. 28, 1835. His father, also named John, was brought up as a farmer in the Slate of Pennsylvania, and was married in Washington County, that State, and moved to Ohioafterthe first child was born: five others 1 were born in the family after his location in Ohio. His wife dying in Morrow Co., Ohio, in 1843, at the age of 47, he married again and came to Illinois, settling ^ in South Rock Island Township, this county, where ; he died in 1872. He was Justice of the Peace in this ~ township and was holding that office at the time of his death. In his political principles he sympathized with the Democratic Party, and in religious matters he took a zealous part, being a Presbylerian in his earlier life, but at the date of his death was a member of the Christian Union.

Mr. Forgy, whose name heads this sketch, was educated in his native county, and resided at home until his marriage, working upon his father's farm. He was married in Canaan Township, Morrow Co., Ohio, Jan, 8, 1861, to Miss Mary J. Brown, a native of that township; she was born in August, 1836. Her parents, Dr. Ira and Sarah (Brown) Brown, were settlers in that section of Ohio (in Knox County), locating there previous to the War of t8r2, in which contest her grandfather was a soldier. The male members of the family are all noted for their great skill in performing on the drum. Her people were prominent lights in the Presbyterian Church. She became the mither of six children, two of whom are now deceased. The living are Frederick M., born May 31, 1S64; William O., born July 15, 1S65; Isaac P., Dec. 12, 186S; andMary J., Jan. 25, 1871. The deceased were Martin D., who died at the age of ten years, and an unnamed infant.

Mrs. Forgy died in Milan April 29, 1SS5 , her loss being greatly mourned by the family and the community, as she had been an excellent woman in all respects. She united with the Presbyterian Church when 15 years of age, but three years before her death she united with the Baptist Church at Taylor Ridge.

During the late war Mr. Forgy served a year for the Union m Co. B, 43d Ohio Vol. Inf., under Cols. Swan and Smith, and was mostly on guard duty, and was honorably discharged about the last of September, [863. In 1866 he emigrated to this State and located permanently in Bowling Township, this county, where he purchased a quarter-section of land ; to that he has since added 80 acres by purchase, and most of the land is improved, and in good condition for the raising of grain and stock. Mr. Forgy is an active and influential member of the Baptist Church, having now been a Deacon in that body for about six years. In his political principles, he is a reliable Democrat.

toward McCulloch, senior member of the firm of McCulloch & Heath, general dealers in groceries, etc., at Milan, was born in Holmes Co., Ohio, Feb. 14, 1841. His parents, J. G. and Maria (Langhead) McCulloch, were natives of Lancaster Co., Pa., who came West in 185 1, settling in Scott Co., Iowa. His father was a pioneer farmer in that county, but before coming West he demonstrated his patriotism by raising a company of soldiers, of which he was commissioned Captain, and which he commanded in the Mexican War, proving a valuable factor in that struggle. He died in the fall of 1851, the year in which he located in Scott County. The mother of Mr. McCulloch, subject of this sketch, died in the same county near Davenport, in May, 1873.

Mr. Howard McCulloch is the third in order of birth of a family of eight children - five sons and three daughters - and was seven years old when his parents came West. After the death of his father he remained with his mother until her death, having, at the age of 15 years, begun to carry on the farm under her direction. In 1874 he came to Milan, this county, and established a grocery store, but after a year's time he closed there and returned to Davenport, where for a time he was engaged in business. He sold out there in 1878, and came again to Milan, continuing in the same enterpise, with Mr. Heath as the junior member of the firm. He is a member of A. 0. U. W. and of the A. F. & A. M., of both which bodies he is Treasurer. He is also President of the Village Council. In his political views he sympathizes with the Republican party.

\ion. Henry Clay Cleaveland, residing at Rock Island, was born at Woodstock, Vt., Oct. 25, 1843. His parents, Alonzo W. and Betsey (Pratt) Cleaveland, were also natives of the Green Mountain State; there grew to man and womanhood, were married and 1 reared a family consisting of two sons and two daughters, the subject of this sketch being second in order of their birth. In his youth Mr. Cleveland learned the machinist's trade and at the common schools of Ludlow, Vt., acquired a good English education.

May 9, i86r, Mr. Cleaveland was mustered into the service of the United States as a private in Co. B, First Vt. Vol. Inf., and served until Aug. 16 following. In October of the same year, he again enrolled and was mustered into Co. E, Sixth 111. Vol. Inf., for a three years' term, and veteranized in the same command at Brandy Station, Va., Dec. 15, 1863, and served until the close of the war, receiving his discharge, which bears date March 21,1866. He was promoted May 29, 1862, to the rank of Color Sergeant, and it was while in discharge of the duty of this position, in the battle of the Wilderness, May 5, 1864, he received a serious gunshot wound in his right forearm, which sent him for about a four months term to the hospital. He was afterward transferred to theioSth U. S. Vol. Inf. (Colored), and was commissioned First Lieutenant and A. Q. M., a position he held up to the time of leaving the service.

While stationed at Rock Island, in 1864-5, he became acquainted with Miss Olivia S. Hayes, to whom he was married Sept. 17, 1866. Their children are named Harry H., Louis K., and Bessie C. Since coming to Rock Island, in [866, Mr. Cleaveland has been almost continually in public service, but, unfortunately for him, in such capacity as gave him much labor and small remuneration. Therefore, he has been compelled to carry on various private enterprises to the end that he might lay by something for a season wherein he may be too old for anything but the public service. However, Mr. Cleaveland has small reason to complain ; nor does he complain at all, in fact, for his efforts have been crowned with much success. He has a well-balanced head, set upon a herculean body ; enjoys a good dinner, with all its concomitants; entertaining in private conversation and fluent and ready in debate, whether upon the stump or in the Legislative hall. He enjoys his various lodges in an eminent degree ; and that his fellow craftsmen appreciate him is attested by the fact that he has filled all the official chairs in the local Masonic Order up to presiding officer of the commandery, which position he has held for the past 13 years, and in the Grand Lodge of the Slate up to Senior Grand Warden. He is Past Master of the Blue Lodge and was 12 years presiding officer. Mr. Cleaveland is also in full affiliation with the I. O. O. F., the Red Men and A. O. U. W. He was Secretary of the Rock Island County Agricultural Society from 1869 to 1876; City Collector in 1872-3; six years in the School Board ; one term County Supervisor; and is now upon his second term as Representative of Rock Island County in the State Legislature. In politics he is a John A. Logan Republican.

sharles G. Thulin, dealer in boots and sta- "3!fc!S|' tionery and Treasurer of the Moline Cabinet Organ Company, was born in Sweden, July 26, 1835, and is the son of Lars and Sophia Thulin. He received a liberal education in his native country and went to Germany in 1862. He resided in Berlin, Prussia, eight years, during which time he was employed as a clerk in the mercantile business. He returned to Sweden in June, 1870, and the fall following, in October, emigrated to the United States. On arriving in this country he came to Illinois and located at Paxton, where he spent one year as a clerk in a mercantile house. From Paxton he removed to Chicago, where he was manager of a book and stationery store for Messrs. Engberg & Holmberg, book publishers and dealers. He then came to Moline and established a branch house for that firm, of which he is manager. In 1882 he bought stock in the Moline Cabinet Organ Company, and was elected treasurer the same year.

He was married July 9, 1876, at Moline, III, to Miss Josephine A. Johnson, daughter of Rev. John Johnson. Mrs. Thulin was born in Knoxville, 111. They have three children, - Ernst'C, born May 25, 1877 ; Luther C, born Nov. 6, 1879 ; and Milton S., born May 30, 1882. Mr. and Mrs Thulin are members of the Swedish Lutheran Church. Mr. Thulin is a Republican in his politics.

illiam Jordan, farmer, section 36, Rural Township, was born in Thomaston, Me., Sept. 15, 181 1. For a sketch of his parents see the biography of Capt. J. A. Jordan, his brother, in this work. William's school privileges in his youth were limited, and his life up to about 22 years of age was spent in Thomaston and vicinity, most of the time in agricultural pursuits. In 1S33 or 1834, he made a journey through the West as far as Michigan City, Ind., and was employed in La Porte, Ind., one year. In the fall of 1833 he left Maine and came to Seneca Co., Ohio, where he cleared two farms, which cost him his health. Remaining in Ohio until November, 1865, he came to Rock Island County and purchased 120 acres of land in Rural Township, on section 36, where he has since made his home. He has a fine farm, well equipped with good buildings, etc. He also owns at present 120 acres of land in Nebraska.

Mr. Jordan was united in marriage in Clinton, Seneca Co., Ohio, March 23, 1837, with Sarah I)., daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Keating) Bartlett; her parents were natives of Maine, who emigrated to Ohio, finally settling in Seneca County, that State, where they died. Mrs. J. was born in Columbia, Hamilton Co., Ohio, Jan. 24, 18 17. Mr. and

Mrs. J. are the parents of eight children, three of whom are now living, namely : Amelia J., William B. and Sarah E. The deceased were Adeline, Leland, Thomas, and two who died in infancy.

5-arl August Sehrnid, of Rock Island, was born at Wittenburg, Kirchheim-on-the- Tick, in Germany, Sept. 4, 1S36, and after attending school the regulation period, and working a while at cabinet-building, came to America, landing at Castle Garden, in June, In New York city he worked about three years at his trade, and in 1856 came to Rock Island, where he has since followed carpentering, contracting and building. Up to 1869 or '70, he was a salaried man ; since that he has been the " boss " of his own affairs, and as such has erected some of the finest and largest buildings in the city.

In 1880 he was elected Alderman from the old Third (now Fifth) Ward and was the first Republican ever returned from that precinct. In 1884 he abandoned the Republican party and voted for Cleveland ; and now, while he is honestly independent in politics, there are persons who call him a " Mugwump." However, as all political economists know, it is the independent voter, more than all else, that compels dominant partisan politicians to maintain a degree of decency in public affairs. Mr. Schmid, and the thousands of other independents, may laugh at the title of " Mugwump."

Mr. Schmid's parents, John Christoph and Anna Maria (Schwarzman) Schmid, died in Germany, the father in 1878, aged about 75 years, and the mother in 1874, at the same age. The old people were members of the Lutheran Church, and brought their children up in that faith.

Jan. 20, 1856, the subject of this sketch was married in New York city, to Charlotte Caroline Rind, a native of Bavaria, and has had born to him 12 children : Charles F., deceased: Anna Maria (Mrs. John Peters) : Sarah (Mrs. William Bundenbach); Caroline, deceased ; Louisa, deceased ; August F., Emma, George L., Charlotte, Louis Frederick, Robert and

Amelia L. In the acquirement of a handsome competency, Mr. Schmid has been wholly dependent upon his own industry. He has always been a hard worker, though by no means forgetting the virtue of i interspersing labor with fun. He probably enjoys life as well as any man in Rock Island. He belongs to the Order of Woodmen, is Treasurer of the Society of Druids, and Trustee and Inner Guard of the Red Men.

Though located in the heart of the South, his parents were strongly opposed to slavery, and soon after determined to remove to the North, where they 1 might raise their children away from the corrupting influences of the " peculiar institution." In 1847, therefore, the family moved to Chicago, then a city of 12,000 to 14,000 people. In 1853 Mr. Kennedy entered the office of the Democratic Press, published by John L. Scripps and William Bross, as an apprentice. In 1857 lie went to Red Winy, Minn., with young L. F. Hubbard (now Gov. Hubbard), and assisted him in getting his newspaper started. In the following year he went South, and spent two years in Memphis, where he cast his first vote in i860, for Stephen A. Douglas. A week after the election he went to West Point, and Searcy, Ark., where the outbreak of the Rebellion found him. For six weeks he remained in that hot-bed, utterly unable to devise any way of getting home without, perhaps, getting into worse trouble. Finally a vigilance committee solved the difficulty, and sent him to Memphis, where another vigilance committee advised him to leave for home, which he was glad to do. He says, though, that from first to last he was treated courteously and kindly. On reaching Cairo he was surprised to learn that he had been hung by a mob ten days before, and a day or so later had the rare privilege of reading his own obituary in the Times and Tribune of Chicago. Six weeks later he enlisted in Bat. A, 1st 111. Art., and served three years, participating in 11 engagements, including Fort Donelson, Shiloh,

Arkansas Post, Champion Hills, siege of Vicksburg, siege of Jackson, and Mission Ridge (Chattanooga). For three years after his discharge he traveled for a Chicago grocery house, and then got married and drifted back into the printing business. His marriage occurred in Monmouth, 111., Nov. 6, 1866, to Miss Addie Whitney. In September, 187 1, he located in Moline, since which time he has been connected successively with the Review (weekly), the Dispatch (daily), the Review-Dispatch (weekly), and the Republican (daily and weekly), besides managing an extensive job printing business until the fall of 1882. In May, 18S3, the firm of Kennedy & Co. was incorporated, and began the publication of the Republican, of which Mr. Kennedy is the active manager. He is both an able business and newspaper man, and the publications in which he has been intereted bear the impress of the stirring, enterprising and efficient Samson Kennedy.

% ^ '®Ms regory Brown, a farmer and stock-raiser, |f residing on section 27, Zuma Township, K was born in Rome, Oneida Co., N. Y., Aug. 15, 1824, his parents being Chancy and Electra (Talcott) Brown, natives of Connecticut. Gregory Brown was reared on a farm, performing such labor as is common to farmers' sons, and receiving a good English education at the common schools of his native county. He remained under the paternal roof-tree until he attained the age of 23 years, and July 1, 1847, came to this county and located in Zuma Township, where he purchased 190 acres of land. He afterwards purchased 160 acres on section 21, then 426 acres on section 22, and subsequently 90 acres on section 27, and 50 acres on section 28, then 88 acres in Henry County. He has made farming the business of his life, and has actively been engaged in that vocation all his years, except two that he taught school in York State.

Politically, he is identified with the principles advocated by the Republican party. He has lately turned his attention to stock, and at the present time has a fine herd of Durham cattle, and kee[ s a large flock of sheep. He is a man who never seeks office) but has been elected by the citizens to the office of

Township Treasurer, and Justice of the Peace in 1877. His accumulation of this world's goods is attributable to his own good judgment, indomitable energy and perseverance, the latter of which has enabled him to overcome all obstacles in the way of accumulating a competency and leaves him to-day unembarrassed by the constant application of creditors. He erected his handsome dwelling in 1870.

Mr. Brown formed a matrimonial alliance in 1849, with Miss Antonett M. Brewster, a native of Verona, Oneida Co., N. Y, where she was born Aug. 19, 1830. They have ten children, and their record is as follows: Chauncey J. was born June 3, 1850, and married Anna Smith, and they are the parents of four children - Jacob J., Netta E., Daisy P. and Alford. Winnifred S., born Feb. 21, 1852, and was united in marriage to Mary Collis, and they are the parents of four children - George G., Winfield S., Albert J. and David L. ; Clara A., born Oct. 13, 1853; Sarah A., Jan. 29, 1856, and married George H. Osborn, and the issue of their union was two children - Frederick and Harry W. ; Antonett M., born Oct. 25, 1859; Albert L., born Feb. 21, 1863 ; Electra L., Jan. 23, 1865; Julia M.,Feb 6, 1S67 ; Luther M., Nov. 17, 1868, and John H., Sept. 13, 1872.

if ames Robertson, Superintendent of the j pill if County Poor Farm, is a son of Samuel and IS?^ Elisha H. (Rinehart) Robertson, who were natives of Pennsylvania. His mother died March 17, 187 1, at Tarentum, Pa., and his father resides with him in Rural Township. They had a family of ten children, namely: James and David (twins), Mary E., Ella M., Linda A., Charles S., George R., William F., Thomas E. and AdaB.

The subject of this sketch was born in Allegheny Co., Pa., July 1, 185 1 ; his education was received mostly in the common schools ; he also attended an academy and the Pittsburg Normal School. After completing his education he was employed by a firm in Philadelphia, and afterward was engaged in teaching in his native Slate, in Illinois and in Iowa. He next employed himself in farming in Andalusia Township, this county, for four years, when he was appointed Superintendent of the County Poor Farm, which was in April, 1884.

Jan. 1, 1879, at the residence of Mrs. Hannah Wells, in Rock Island Township, Mr. Robertson was married to Mrs. Mary, daughter of Rinnah and Hannah (Buffum) Wells (see sketch of Rinnah Wells) and widow of Edwin Atwood, who died in Grinnell, Iowa, Sept. 10, 1871. By her first marriage she had two children, - John W. and Alberta C. ; and by the present marriage there are also two children, namely : Jessie M. and Mary F.

In his political views Mr.'R. is a Republican, and in his relation to public affairs he has held the offices of School Director and Township Supervisor, holding the latter office in Andalusia Township during the year 1883.

|>^' amuel C. Taylor, prominent among the I fy&ii enterprising and progressive agriculturists of Rock Island County, is Mr. S. C. Taylor. He resides in Edgington Township, where he has a well equipped and cultivated farm, and where he is extensively engaged in the breeding of Short-horn cattle and Poland China hogs. He has some magnificent specimens of these breeds, some of which are to be seen in the view of his farm and its surroundings, on page 665. Mr. Taylor is a son of Deacon W. C. Taylor, one of the old and respected pioneers of Rock Island County, of whom an extensive sketch is given in this volume.

1 bUtr! eter Schlueter, proprietor of the Five Points - P,|»i Meat-Market, wholesale and retail dealer in iS£*>i£ meats and ice, corner 15th Street and j^J Seventh Avenue, Moline, was born in Flens- ^ berg, Germany, Oct. 20, 1840, and is the son of Peter and Mary Schlueter. He learned the butcher's trade, at which he served a regular apprenticeship, under the strict rules of his native country. Mi. Schlueter formed a matrimonial alliance Aug. 10, 1S61, with Miss Catharine Peterson, daughter of Peter Peterson. Mrs. Schlueter was born in Flensberg, Germany, Aug. 31, 1839, and the issue of their union is four children, - Peter, bnrn at Flensberg, Germany, Jan. 23, 1863, now assisting his father in his extensive business at Moline; Tina M., born March 31, 1865, and Mary and Christian (twins), born March 12, 1869.

Mr. Schlueter emigrated to America in July, 1S67, and located at Davenport, Iowa, where he engaged extensively in butchering. He carried on the wholesale sheep-butchering business, by which he supplied the markets of Davenport, Rock Island, Moline, Galesburg and other towns. In 1872 he removed to Moline and established his present market known as the Five Points. Being a thorough master of his business and plenty of capital, he has been enabled to carry on his business on a large scale and with marked success. His market always contains a full assortment of fresh, salted and smoked meats. In the latter he has quite a large wholesale trade. In 1878, without interruption to his regular business, he engaged extensively in the wholesale ice trade. Mr. Schlueter erected large ice-houses of great capacity and in favorable seasons shipped as high as 1,000 car-loads of ice to most Southern markets. His trade in this line extends into Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Indiana, Kansas, Ohio and Kentucky. The Five Points market does the largest business in the city in that line, and well deserves its great popularity. In all his undertakings, Mr. Schlueter is ably assisted by his industrious and capable children. Mr. Schlueter and his wife made a visit to their old home in Europe during the past summer.

W;W' rank H. Harris, general farmer and stockj3|j raiser, residing on section 27, Black Hawk S> m\ Township, was born in Fort Edward Township, Washington Co., N. Y., Dec. 22, 1839. His father, Charles Harris, was a general merchant, grain dealer, contractor, etc. He was also a native of the above county, of German-English ancestry. He had held all the prominent offices of his township, and been closely identified with the local politics of his section, being a stanch Democrat. He came West in the fall of 1865, purchasing a quarter-section of land on section 27, Black Hawk Township, and has since been engaged as a farmer, until he retired ; he now lives with his son, the subject of this sketch, and is 79 years old. His wife, the mother of Frank H, was, before her marriage, Polly B. Deuel, a native of Warren Co., N. Y., also of German-English descent. She died at her home in this township, July 19, 1880, at the age of 69 years. The children of the foregoing were two in number, our subject and Julia. The latter married G. J. Davis, lately a resident of this township, and Deputy Sheriff of this county; he is now a resident of Hickory Co., Mo., where he is a farmer by occupation. George C, Harry N., Herbert and Mary N. are now living. Those dead are Noma, died March 9, 1878, and one died in in fancy. The parents are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which society Mr. H. was Steward and Trustee.

Mr. Frank H. Harris, whose name heads this sketch, was educated in the district schools and at Fort Edward College. After leaving school, he first engaged in the book and stationery trade, and when about 26 years of age he caught the fever for coming West, sold out his business, and brought his parents and one sister to Illinois, in the tall of 1865-. ] They located upon an unimproved tract of land, { which is now all under cultivation, with a splendid :_ house, on a high elevation, handsomely surrounded, etc. The family is regarded as one of the highest standing in the community, in their moral bearing, social relations, etc. Mr. Harris is a National Greenbacker in his political principles, and as such he has been sent as a delegate to the County and Congressional Conventions.

Feb. 15, 1866, is the dateof Mr. Harris' marriage, in Rock Island Township, to Miss Sarah H., daughter of George W. and Rebecca (Hagey) Chaney. Her parents were natives respectively of Bedford and Harrisburg, Pa., and were married in Wisconsin when it was a Territory, and came soon afterward to Rock Island city, where he had been living since he was 17 years of age. Some years later they came to Milan, when Mrs. H. was about three years old. She was born Nov. 2, 1847, in Rock Island. When she was seven years of age, the family removed on a farm in Rock Island Township. Her father died in Milan, Feb. 2, 1870, aged nearly 48 years. During his life he was an active local politician, was Deputy United States Marshal, and during the war was Deputy Sheriff, etc. Mrs. Chaney was the oldest child in a family of seven children. Mrs. H. was educated in the Rock Island city schools, and the Sisters' Academy of Davenport. She is the mother of two children, namely': Julia E., who was born March 27, 1867, and Charles H., who was born July 14, 1S77. The youngest child of Mr. Harris, Nellie Benetta, was born Sept. 7, 1885.

^1^3 Robert McMann, residing at Moline, was I fe^pl; born Feb. 15, 1838, at Tempo, County ft, l&^P Fermanagh, Ireland, his father's name 1 \%\ being William and his mother's Mary (Mory row) McMann. His parents were both of Scotch birth. Robert McMann attended school in and about his native town until 1856, when he came to America, and for one year attended school at Cincinnati, Ohio, after which he went into the Niles Marine Shop, to learn the machinist's trade, as he possessed natural talent in that direction. He remained in the latter place for four years, and then for a time ran a locomotive on the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad.

On the day after the firing on Fort Sumter, Mr. McMann engaged in the cause of the Union by enlisting in Co. G, 22d Regt. Ohio Vol. Inf., Capt. Gilmore. The regiment was at once ordered to Parkersburg, Va., and took an active part in the skirmishes at Rich Mountain, Laurel Hill, etc. The regiment was. then assigned to duty, guarding the railroad between Parkersburg and Clarksville, until its three months had expired, when it was mustered out at Athens, Ohio. Mr. McMann immediately reenlisted for the war in Co. M, 1st Ohio Cav., Capt. Scott, and was made Corporal, being soon afterward promoted Sergeant. He was in the Army of the Cumberland, in all its noted skirmishes and engagements. Was assigned to duty under Grant, and took part in the various conflicts at Shiloh, Chickarnauga, Mission Ridge, Perryville, Stone River, luka, Nashville, Franklin, and other points ; served under Kilpatrick, and was in the raid under Col. Long, which cut the railroad track between Longstreet and Bragg. The Veteran Cavalry was mustered out in 1865, at Atlanta, Ga.

when he came to Moline, and for two years worked in the machine shop of Williams & White. In 1875 he became a partner in the mill-machinery firm of Barnard & Leas, and since that date has been foreman in the iron department of that firm. Some time ago Mr. McMann sold his stock in the firm named to J. S. Leas, and bought a fine farm of 67 ]4 acres, near Davenport, Iowa, opposite Moline. Every morning and evening Mr. McMann crosses the Mississippi in his row-boat to his farm, where he resides, but he still holds his responsible position in the Barnard & Leas Manufacturing Company.

Aug. 19, 1870, Mr. McMann was married to Miss Agnes Hillhouse, and they have a family of six children - three boys and three girls : Walter, born in 1871; Robert M., 1873; Edith, 1875; Mabel, 1877; Richard, 1879; and Agnes, 1882. Mrs. Mc- Cann is a consistent and respected member of the Baptist Church. Mr. McCann is a Freemason and a charter member of the G. A. R.

Mr. McCann comes of a hardy and long-lived race. His father is still living, at the age 104, and is active, hale and hearty, and works continually, doing as much each day as any farm hand. He is really a marvel of strength and health in his old age.

rancis C. Killing, one of the energetic and progressive farmers of Rock Island County, residing on section n, Rural Township, is a native of Westminster, Prussia, jj}!^, where he was born Nov. 23, 1824. He lived there until 12 years of age, when he emigrated to the " land of possibilities " with his parents, and for one year resided at St. Louis, Mo., from whence he removed to Comanche, Iowa. Later the family removed to Lyons, Iowa, where they lived about two years, and in 1841 came to this county.

On coming to this county Mr. Killing was employed at different occupations, mostly at teaming. He was an employe of E. P. Reynolds & Co. for three years, and then purchased 40 acres of land located on section n, Rural Township, on which he settled and at once entered vigorously and energetically upon its cultivation and improvement, and on which he has resided until the present time. He has erected a good resdence, barn, outbuildings, and otherwise improved his farm, and by subsequent purchase has added to his original acreage until at the present time he is the proprietor of 320 acres, the major portion of which is in a good tillable condition.

Mr. Killing formed a matrominial alliance Sept. 15, 1852, in Rural Township with Miss Jane, the accomplished daughter of John and Jane (Morrison) Patterson, natives of Ireland, in which country her father died. Her mother, who had first married in Ireland, emigrated to America in 1850, and was again united in marriage, to David Campbell. Mrs. Killing was born June 22, 1832, and has borne to her husband six children, three of whom survived namely: William H., born Aug. 24, 1855; Francis C, Sept. 8, i86r; and Jennie YV., Aug. 21, 1868. The deceased children were John, born Sept. 5, 1853, died Feb. 12, 1855; Mary, Oct. 23, 1857, and died Aug. 21, 1866; and one who died in infancy, born Sept. 25, 1864.

Mr. Killing has held the office of Highway Commissioner, School Director, Trustee, and Overseer of Highways. He was Postmaster of the office known as the Pennsylvania postoffice, which was located at his residence. Mr. and Mrs. Killing, religiously, are members of the Presbyterian Church. Politically, he is an adherent of the Greenback party. His parents, Bernard and Mary H. (Croskamp) Killing, Were natives of Prussia. They emigrated to America in 1836, and in Comanche, Iowa, the father died, in 1838, and the mother died in Rural Township, this county, in 1876.

^apt. Alfred Adams, deceased, late of EMl Rapids City, was born in Orange Co., Vt., " *" Sept. 6, 1818. Early in life he came to Indiana, and was engaged in steamboating on the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, a more extensive account of which is given in the sketch of A. B. E. Adams.

Capt. Adams came to Rapids City in 1852, and became one of the prominent business men of the place. He lived there until his death, which occurred March 24, 1882. Politically, he was a Republican, but at the time of the Know-Nothing party he was a member of that organization. He was an ohn M. Reticker, Sheriff of Rock Island County, was born in Baltimore, Md., Feb. 6, 1844, and was the oldest son of Howard and Mary J. (Monroe) Reticker, natives of Maryland, and descendants from English and German respectively. The family came to Rock Island in 1848, where the father was engaged at the furniture business for several years. He, however, subsequently went to Texas, where he died suddenly, in 1869, at the age of 51 years.

John M. Reticker, of whom we write, acquired a limited education at the public schools, but at the early age of 14 years he took service as a clerk with a Rock Island merchant, and as he held that position up to the time of entering the army, the years of his schooling were necessarily few. In August, 1861, he enrolled as a private in Co. H, 37th 111. Vol. Inf., and served three years and two months, participating in all the hardships of his regiment, from the Missouri border to the Rio Grande. At Chicago, in Jan., 1865, he donned the blue once again, and at the organization of Co. F, 2d Regt. Hancock Vet. Vol., was made Second Sergeant, and was promoted a month later to the rank of Quartermaster's Sergeant. His regiment was mustered out promptly at the expiration of the term of his enrollment; but being on detached duty, Sergeant Reticker was detained about a month later.

Leaving the United States' service, he returned to Rock Island, and tried his hand for a short time as clothing salesman, and later on as a clerk in a shoe store. In 1872 lie formed a partnership with fas. Kelley in the boot and shoe business. This enterprise, from various causes, was not in the highest degree successful, and the subject of our sketch found himself in 1879-80, acting as business manager for Carse & Reticker, a boot and shoe firm of Rock Island. In 1882, he led the forlorn hope of the Democratic party as their candidate for Sheriff of Rock Island County; and when the vote was announced on the evening of the November election, the figures showed the Republican ticket, with one exception, elected by majorities ranging from 600 to goo. The one exception was that of the office of Sheriff. John M. Reticker had defeated his opponent by the good round majority of 248 votes, and was the first Democrat elected to any office in Rock Island County for 28 years.

The bare recital of this fact renders eulogy at the hands of Mr. Reticker's biographer unnecessary. Such testimonials to the worth and merit of a man, and coming from a people among whom he has spent nearly all the years of his life, requires no further comment. Mr. Reticker is a 32d-Degree Mason, a charter member of the Rock Island Lodge of the A. O. U. W., an Odd Fellow, and a Knight of Pythias.

K. Groom, manager of the Moline Review- Dispatch, was born at Freeport, Allegheny Co., Pa., May 6, 1855. His parents moved in October of the same year to Davenport, Iowa, and from there to Rock Island, 111., in September, r862. Here young Groom attended the district schools until he was 15 years old, and quit the same to engage in work at the very time he was prepared to attend the High School, and what education he has was acquired by hard study and in his business relations with his fellow man.

From the time that Mr. Groom left the school he engaged in newspapering. He engaged in everything or anything he could get a job at. Oct. 1, 1882, he secured a position on the Davenport, Iowa, Gazette as collector in its Rock Island and Moline department. On April 1, 1S83, he was engaged by the Union Printing Company, of Rock Island, as its Collector and City Circulator. April 1, 1884, he was promoted as business manager of the paper (the Daily and Weekly Union). In June, 1885, the Union Printing Company made a deal with the Dean Printing Company, of Moline, by the terms of which the Union was to get the Daily Evening Dispatch and Weekly Revieiv-Dispatch, of Moline, and on July 1, current year, Mr. Groom formed a co-partnership with P, S. McGlynn, then editor of the Moline department of the Union. McGlynn & Groom was to be the firm name and they assumed control of the Dispatch with the understanding that they were to purchase it when the Union had closed up its deal with the Dean Printing Company. July 2t, 1S85, the Union Printing Company, in the person of its Secretary, signed the bill of sale transferring the Dispatch, with all its belongings, to McGlynn & Groom. Mr. McGlynn is the editor and Mr. Groom the manager of the paper. From a losing paper they have in four months time brought it to one of the leading, if not the best paying paper in Rock Island County, and considering that in this county there are 16 newspapers, they certainly have accomplished a great work in their hue, and much of the credit for this unparalleled success is due to Mr. Groom's able business management.

Mr. Groom was married May 1, 1879, to Miss Emma C. Simpson. He has, as stated, devoted almost the entire period of his life since his schooldays, which ended at the age of 15 years, in the newspaper business, and, having received a thorough and complete knowledge of the details of that vocation, is just the man calculated to make a success of it, which, as will be seen from the history of the paper with which he is at present connected, he has made and is making.

-s-jgf fR ared Sexton, residing in Cordova Town- ;j^Jj-: ship, was bom in Hopewell Township, ^* Mercer Co., N. J., Nov. 28, 1828, and is the son of William P. and Sarah (Hagerman) 'l|C Sexton, both natives of New Jersey, of Scotch I and German descent respectively. Mr. Sexton grew to manhood in his native township. He was reared on a farm and received the advantages of the common schools. His father and grandfather were both blacksmiths by trade, and they had a shop on the farm where Mr. Sexton learned that trade in his younger days, and worked at it together with farming. His father frequently took contracts, and built bridges, and Mr. Sexton worked with him, and thus learned the stone-mason's trade. He remained a resident of Hopewell Township until 1859, when he came to this county and located in Cordova Township, and there engaged in agricultural purto) suits, renting land which he cultivated, until 1880, since which time lie has been in the employ of William G. Marshall, doing blacksmith and mason work, together with that of a carpenter and farming.

Mr. Sexton formed a matrimonial alliance Nov. 1, 1850, with Miss Achsah Werts. She was born in Hopewell Township, Nov. 12, 1831. The issue of their union has been six children : John W., born Oct. 10, 185 1, is an express messenger on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad for the American Express Company; Mary, born Aug. 6," 1853, is the widow of Charles Mills, and resides in Cordova Village; Sarah E., Feb. 9, 1859; Lucy C, July 22, 1862, is the wife of O. C. Marshall, and resides in Cordova; Joseph R., July 25, 1867, and Anna M., Oct. 5, 1873.

ohn Munro, junior partner of Munro Bros., I,- carriage manufacturers at Moline, was born at Davenport, Iowa, Sept. 24, 1858, and is the son of Robert and Isabelle (Ewing) Munro. Mr. Munro learned the carriagemaking trade in his father's shop at Davenport, where he was employed until he formed the existing partnership with his brother, Robert H., and established the Moline Carriage Works, in February, 1881. In politics, Mr. Munro is a stanch and active Republican, and one of the leading representative business men of Moline. , rof. Olaf Olsson, Professor of Church HissH'i tory, Catechetics and Symbolics at the J t?5^ Augustana College and Theological Semite J nary, was born in Sweden, March 31, 1841, A\ was a student of Leipsic and a graduate of the University at Upsala. Mr. Olsson was a Pastor in Sweden from 1863 to 1S69, when he emigrated to America, and was Pastor at Lindsborg, Kan., from 1869 to 1875. He then became connected with Augustana College as Professor of Church History from 1875 to 1882, when he was elected Professor of Church History, Catechetics and Symbolics, which position he now holds. Mr. Olsson ohn Clarke, farmer and stock-raiser, section 36, Bowling Township, is a native of County Fermanagh, Ireland, where he was born June 22, 1833. His father, James, was the oldest son of David Clarke, who was also a native of Ireland. Both were farmers, and the latter a prominent citizen, who died before John's birth. The subject of this sketch was only six years old when his mother died. His father and all the children, excepting the eldest, emigrated to this country in" 1841. Jane, the eldest born, after her marriage in that country, and a few years after the emigration of her people to America, came also to the New World, and in less than a year subsequent to her arrival in this county she died. Mr. James Clarke located in Bowling Township, this county, purchasing from the Government 80 acres of land, and on this he lived until his death, which occurred Sept. 9, 1866, when he was 68 years of age. He was an examplary citizen in his community and prominent in its welfare. His sympathies were with Republican principles. Mr. John Clarke is now the owner and occupant of the homestead.

He was educated in the district schools of his township, and was married March 20, 1861, in Preempton Township, Mercer County, to Miss Eliza J. Lipton, daughter of William and Mary (Wadsworth) Lipton, natives of Ireland. She too was born in that country in County Fermanagh, June 2, 1839, being the youngest but one of a family of seven children. Her parents emigrated to this country with their family in 1847, but her father died at St. Louis, Mo., while they were on their way to their new home - a farm in Mercer Co., 111. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Clarke have been six in number, two of whom are now deceased. The living are Ella, who was born Nov. 1, 1864; Clarence, May 2, 1867 ; William H., April 16, 1871; John L., Oct. 2, 1881 ; and the deceased are William and one unnamed, both of whom died in infancy.

homestead and resided with his father until his death, when he came into possession of the estate, which then comprised 80 acres. He has since, however, purchased a considerable amount of land, and he now owns 240^ acres in this township, all improved, and 170 acres in Pre-emption Township, Mercer County, most of which is in a high state of cultivation. He is one of the most extensive farmers and progressive stock-raisers in the county, having a herd of thoroughbred Short-horns or Durhams, a

In his political opinions he is a fervid and influential Republican, being a zealous worker in the interests of the party. He has been Township Supervisor for about eight years, and has also held most of the minor offices. He and his family are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which society he is a Class-Leader, and has been Steward and Trustee for many years.

IME is ever moving on. The deeds and actions of to-day form the subject of history to-morrow. From the record of these deeds men form opinions, and their actions in the present and future are governed. Rock Island County furnishes the world a record that is of great interest, a record that tells of heroic deeds of its pioneers, how that vast territory was secured from savage tribes and made the home of civilized man. In Rock Island County originated the troubles, and from this county nearly every movement was made, in the Black Hawk War, and here the chiefs gathered together in council, and treaties were made resulting in lasting peace. Upon the lovely island and magnificent bluffs that overlook the river, the red men were wont to stray, and many beautiful and touching legends are told of their presence here. The white men came, and that country so lovely in nature has been greatly changed, but it can never he robbed of its great beauty. The island and the bluffs still exist, and the valleys are transformed into fields of waving grain. The trails of the hunters and the wily red man have given place to railroads and broad thoroughfares, school-houses, churches, mills, postoffices, manufactories and elegant dwelling-houses are now to be seen upon every hand. The rec-

It is but little more than half a century since the white men came to this beautiful land for the purpose of securing homes, but in that time what great and startling events have transpired! Monarchies since then have crumbled into dust and republics have been reared upon their ruins. Inventions that have revolutionized labor have been given to the world, and in much of what has been done the people of Rock Island County have borne a leading part. The question is often asked, why men have the comforts and pleasures of civilized lands and strike out into a new and almost unknown country, bearing the toils and privations which are unavoidable. Not more from choice than necessity did the old pioneers bid farewell to the play-grounds of their childhood and the graves of their fathers. One generation after another had worn themselves out in the service of avaricious landlords, or to eke out a miserable existence upon barren or worn-out land, which they called their own. From the first flashes of the morning light until the last glimmer of the setting sun they had toiled unceasingly on from father to son, carrying home each day upon their aching shoulders the precious proceeds of their daily labor. Money, pride and power were handed down in the line of succession from the rich father to his son, while unceasing work, continuous poverty and everlasting obscurity were the heritage of the working man and his children. For the sons and daughters of the

Without money, prestige or friends, the old pioneers drifted along seeking the garden spot, the place where he might establish a home, where he might educate his sons and daughters, giving them privileges he never enjoyed himself. The broad prairie and beautiful groves of Rock Island County in that early day were indeed inviting to those seeking a home in a more favored land, and here planted their stakes, many of whom the present generation have reason to rise up and call blessed. To secure and adorn the homes desired by the pioneers, more than ordinary ambition was required, greater than ordinanary endurance demanded. How well they have succeeded, let the broad, cultivated fields and fruitbearing orchards, the flocks and the herds, the palatial residences, the places of business, the spacious halls, the clattering car-wheels and ponderous engines all testify.

There was a time when pioneers waded through deep snows, across bridgeless rivers and through bottomless sloughs, more than a score of miles to mill or market, and when more time was required to reach and return from market than is now required to cross the continent or Atlantic Ocean. These were the times when their palaces were constructed of logs and covered with " shakes " riven from forest trees. These were the times when children were stowed away during the nights in the low, dark attics, amongst the horns of the elk and the deer, and where through the chinks in the " shakes " they could count the twinkling stars. These were the times when chairs and bedsteads were hewn from the forest trees, and tables and bureaus constructed from the boxes in which goods were brought. These were the days when all were required to work six days in the week and all the hours in a day from sunrise to sunset. Now all is changed. In viewing the blessings "which now surround us, we should reverence those that made them possible, and ever fondly cherish in memory the sturdy old pioneer and his log cabin.

leaves of autumn. Nations have been born, have had their rise and fall, and then passed away, leaving scarcely a riffle on the great ocean of time to show that they ever existed, so imperfect and mutable has been their means to perpetuate their achievements. It was left to modern ages to establish an intelligent, undecaying, immutable method of perpetuating this history ; immutable in that it is almost unlimited in extent, and perpetual in its action ; and this is through the art of printing. Nations may become disintegrated and pass away, monuments and statues may crumble into dust, but books will live. This art has been rapidly advancing from its first inception until now it would seem that there were no longer any further ground for improvement. This is pre-eminently an age of printing, an age of books.

To the present generation, however, are we indebted for the introduction of the admirable system of local history and local biography. By this system every man, though he has not achieved what the world calls greatness, has the means to perpetuate his life, his history through the coming ages ; so alike has every community.

AYe come now to the work before us : To our patrons, we say, that the scythe of Time cuts down all ; nothing of the physical man is left; the monument which his children or friends may erect to his memory in the cemetery will crumble into dust and pass away ; but his life, his achievements, the work he has accomplished, which otherwise would be forgotten, is perpetuated by this book through coming ages. Shakespeare has said :

Our aim in this work has been only to preserve the good. We sought to gather from the best sources of information obtainable, the conditions and incidents of the early pioneer life, and to present that together with the present development of the county. Many of the pioneers came into this beautiful country without a dollar in their pockets, but with the unflinching determination to carve out their fortunes and build up a community. With undaunted hearts and a courage equal to that of the great heroes of our country, they began life.

ANY years before the white man visited this region of XapO; country, it was the home of the red men, who 'it, selected it for its rare pJjKkf beauty and the abundance of game and fish which abounded. That their choice was a wise one cannot for a moment be doubted. A more lovely region as it came from the hands of an Allwise God, the Creator of heaven and earth, could not well be imagined. The bold, high bluffs, the beautiful valleys, the Sinissippi or Rock River, clear and sparkling, the Mississippi, or Fater of Waters, rushing along the sea, to the lovely Rock Island, where, according to the Indian legend, the Good Spirit dwelt, all tended to make it a rare home for those who worshiped Nature and Nature's God.

According to Black Hawk, the celebrated Indian Chief, the Sac tribe of Indians, of which he was one, once inhabited the region about Quebec, Canada, from which place they were driven to Montreal, from thence to Mackinac and subsequently to Green Bay, Wis., locating on a stream now known as the Sac River. Here they held a council with the Foxes, another Eastern tribe which had been driven West by their enemies, and which had become weakened by wars. A treaty of friendship and alliance was agreed upon, the Foxes abandoning their villages and uniting with the Sacs, thus in time becoming one band or nation of people. They were driven, however, by the combined forces of their enemies to the Wisconsin River, where they remained for a time, or until a party of their young men, who descended the Rock River to its mouth, had returned and made a favorable report of the country. Then all descended the river down the Kaskaskias from the country and commenced the erection of their villages, which they determined never to leave. *

What year they effected their settlement here is not known. Capt. Jonathan Cower, a noted English traveler, visited the Northwest in 1766, and claims that on the 8th day of October of that year, he visited a Sac village on 'he Wisconsin River, describing it as having 90 houses, each large enough for several families, constructed of hewed plank, neatly joined, and covered with bark roofs, impervious to the most penetrating rains. He said this village was the largest and best that he had ever seen, and more like the abode of civilization than the home of savages. Black Hawk claims to have been born at the Indian village located near the mouth of Rock River, in what is now Rock Island County, in 1767. If he is correct the settlement must have been made here in the spring of that year.f It is hardl,- likely that they would have removed in the winter.

t Black Hawk says his tribe was here lOo years before being driven aero-- the Mississippi. His statemenl is accepted by most writer?, but we think it an error. - Editor.

in this county. One, the largest, where the village of Milan now stands, near the mouth of Rock River. Of this village, Hon. T. A. Armstrong, in his history of the Black Hawk War, says :

Saukenuk, or Saukietown, nestled at the foot of the promontory on the peninsula, upon the north bank of Rock River, some three miles south of the present city of Rock Island. This city, for it was such in every sense of the word, stood at the foot of the rapids of the lovely Rock River, which comes from the northeast, winding its course down through one of the most fertile countries in the world, like a silver thread in a groundwork cf embossed green, beneath the shady boughs of great forest trees. Its banks were carpeted with wild roses, lilies, and a multitude of other wild flowers, whose sweet fragrance perfumed each passing breeze and zephyr. Chiefly fed by springs, the waters of this river are pure and sparkling, and come jumping, tumbling and bounding over the well-worn rocks of the rapids, rushing on with a musical laugh to join the " Father of Waters," some two and a half miles below.

Here in this valley stood this ancient city of the Sauks, which at one time contained by actual enumeration 11,000 active, energetic, industrious and intelligent people. It was regularly laid off into lots, blocks, streets and alleys, with two public squares or esplanades, and fortified by a brush palisade, with gates for entrance. It was right angle in shape, with its point to the southeast, the east line being the longer, extending north and south along the base of the promontory - the point of the angle resting on the bank of Rock River, with the shortest line running down that river, and the longer one toward the Mississippi. At the point of the angle, or southeast corner of the city, stood the lodge or hodenasate of the old chief, Black Hawk. Saukenuk was not a mere aggregation of wigwams and tepees, but a permanent Indian abode, composed of the large, barkcovered long houses, known as hodenasates, ranging from 30 to 100 feet in length, and 16 to 40 feet in width. Many of them were the homes of an entire gens, comprising the families of the grandparents, children and grandchildren, their husbands, wives and children. They were built and constructed of poles for framework, and bark for covering. In shape they resembled our arbors.

Indians, the most advanced towards civilization found in North America, and always lived in or near the village. The hodenasate is the distinguishing characteristic of their principal village, and means settlement or permanence, while the wigwam or tepee was equally characteristic of a hunting or migrating party, and therefore a mere temporary abode. As a general rule their hodenasates were built so as to face or front on their public square or other street, and ranged in straight lines at the front and equal distances from each other. The east line of the village, extending from Rock River north towards Rock Island, at the base of the promontory, about double the length of the south line, which ran west along the north bank of Rock River. The chief or larger and longer public square was the one running north and south, leading from Rock River towards the Mississippi, through or near which now runs the horse railway from Rock Island to Moline. Upon the southeast angle of the intersection of these two public squares stood their synedrium or council house, which was an immensely large hodenasate without partitions or subvisions, and was used by their head men and chiefs for the secret consideration and decision of matters pertaining to the welfare of their nation. When not so used it was thrown open to their young people as a gymnasium, music or dancing hall. The public square, however, was the arena for the assembly of the people on all great events of a public nature, and there their mass-meetings and national feasts were held.

The natural scenery surrounding the ancient city was of that wild, weird beauty as to captivate the senses and hold us spell-bound in admiration ; scenery of that ravishing kind which drives the poet mad in search of apt terms of description ; a second Eden, prepared by God himself for a special and perpetuated admiration of his children.

As Rock River approaches the site of ancient Saukenuk from the east it divides into three branches and forms two small islands. The northern one is the somewhat celebrated Vandruff's Island, notorious as being the place where Joshua Vandruff located his whisky shop in 1829, while the middle branch divides Vandruff's from Big Island. Big Island is larger and more irregular in surface than Vandruff's.

1 consideration of the sum of $2,234.50 and an annuity of $1,000 per year, the Sacs and Foxes ceded some 50,000,000 acres of land on the east side of the Mississippi River, extending from opposite the mouth of the Jefferson River, in Missouri, to the mouth of the Wisconsin and back to the Fox River, in Illinois. This tract included all the Rock River country, embracing in part what is now Rock Island County, together with what is now a large portion of the States of Illinois and Wisconsin. At this time the Americans were but little known to the Indian tribes inhabiting this section of country. They had been familiar with the French, English and Spanish people, and knew of the Americans only what had been told them by representatives of the foregoing nations. The country west of the Mississippi had been claimed by France and Spain, the French disposing of their

=i claim lay above St. Louis and therefore the Sac and Fox Indians were under allegiance to them. They had high regard for their " Spanish father." St.

C mial trips to dispose of their furs and obtain supplies. Black Hawk, in his autobiography, speaks of one of these visits to St. Louis in the spring of 1804, and how he and the citizens there were affected by the transfer of the country to the Americans. He says : " That spring we went down to St. Louis to see our ' Spanish father. ' I found many sad and gloomy faces, because the United States were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the Americans came, I took my band and went to take leave of our 'Spanish father. ' The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, we passed out of one door as they entered another and immediately started in our canoes for our village on Rock River, not liking the change any more than our friends appeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village we gave the news that a strange' people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never never see our ' Spanish father ' again. The information made all our people sorry. "

Sac village at the mouth of Rock River. The Indians on that occasion numbered about 700 warriors, but were unable to save their village. Lieutenant Pike made a visit to this place in 1805, and for the first time the American flag was hoisted. In speaking of this visit, Black Hawk said: "A boat came up the river with a young American chief and a small party of soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed Salt River. Some of our young braves watched him to see what kind of a people he had on board. The boat at length arrived at Rock River and the young chief came on shore with his interpreter, made a speech and gave us some presents. We in return presented him with meat and such provisions as we had to spare. We were well pleased with the speech of the young chief. He gave us good advice ; said our ' American father ' would treat us well. He presented us an American flag, which was hoisted. He then requested us to pull down our British flags and give him our British medals, promising to send us others on his return to St. Louis. This was declined, as we wished to have two fathers. "