Carroll County, Indiana - Biographical sketches, 1916 (part 8 of 12)

John and Mary (Guckien) McGreevy were both born in Ireland and became acquainted after their arrival in the United States. Mr. McGreevy was a contractor, and had charge of the building of the Whitewater canal, and finally located in Butler county, Ohio, where he became eminently wealthy for a man living in those days, possessing about forty thousand dol¬ lars, l>esides his real estate holdings. Politically, Mr. McGreevy was origin¬ ally a Whig, but later gave his support to the Democratic party. Religiously, he was a prominent member of St. Mary's church. To Mr. and Mrs. McGreevy were born ten children, three of whom were living in 1915, Colonel McGreevy, a contractor, of Logansport, Indiana; Thomas E. McGreevy, a retired farmer, of Butler county, Ohio, and our subject.

Michael J. McGreevy was united in marriage with Anna J. Conaughton, daughter of Thomas and Bessie Conaughton. She was born July 11, 1850, at Hamilton, Ohio, and is of Irish lineage, her parents both coming from Ireland to the United States, and were married here. She was reared and educated at Hamilton, her native city. Mr. and Mrs. McGreevy have been blest with eight children, only one of whom is now living, Agatha, a graduate of St. Mary's at South Bend, and the wife of Peter Dwyer, of

John C. Penn

Although the gentleman, whose brief biographical history is presented below, is among the wealthiest landowners living in Carroll county, he has followed the proverbial advice of "not putting all his eggs in one basket,'' since his investments are scattered throughout various states, including as far west as Kansas, all of which has given him a broad range of agricul¬ tural ideas. Mr. Penn has always been a close observer of the most modem and scientific methods of farming and breeding and raising of fine grades of stock of all kinds, and he has sold grain by the carload for many years, and also did considerable work for the public at sawmilling, threshing and cidermaking.

John C. Penn, farmer and stock raiser, Camden, Indiana, was born April 12, 1846, on a farm adjoining the one on which he now lives, and is a son of John W. and Hulda (Christie) Penn. His education was obtained in the public schools of the district, and he remained under his father's roof until he was twenty-one years of age, assisting with the farm work, after which he began farming for himself, moving to the farm where he has since resided, consisting of one hundred and twenty acres, and has been so eminently successful that he is the prosperous owner of over six hundred acres of land, located as follows: one hundred and twenty acres in Jackson township, Carroll county, Indiana; one hundred acres in Washington town¬ ship, three hundred and twenty acres in Kansas, and eighty acres in Mis¬ souri, and also owns city property in Garden City, Kansas, and $t Rozel, Kansas. Mr. Penn has spent a great deal of his time in Missouri and Kan¬ sas during the past fifteen years, looking after his interests in those states. He has always been a stanch Democrat, but has never been active in politics. Religiously, he belongs to the Baptist church at Camden. Mr. Penn is a stockholder in the Farmers' Bank at Burrows, and owns considerable city property at West Plains, Missouri, where he has a large business, manu¬ facturing cider, vinegar and apple butter, in which he does a large and lucrative business.

John W. Penn was born on December 31, 1808, in Shelby county, Ken¬ tucky, coming with his parents to Jefferson county in 1816, when eight years of age. They located and lived near Madison, Indiana, until February 1, 1831, when he was united in marriage to Hulda Christie, and in October,

1833, came to Carroll county. He followed teaming in Jefferson county, Indiana, for a number of years, between Indianapolis and Cincinnati, carry¬ ing tan bark one way, and leather and dry goods the other. At first, the hauling was done with a team of oxen, which was exchanged for a team of horses, and then increased to four horses, which, including his large wagon, were traded for eighty acres of land in Jackson township, which he had never seen until he moved on it. He cleared a portion of his land, and in the spring of 1834, planted three acres of corn, and in the fall of

1834, put it out in wheat and apple trees. He later entered eighty acres on the east, which he succeeded in getting after much trouble and hardship, after which he continued to prosper until he became the owner of over five hundred acres of land. Mr. Penn was a Democrat in politics, and was more or less active in the interest of his party, from the time his first vote was cast. Religiously, he was a charter member of the Baptist church at Cam¬ den, in which he also took an active part. To John W. Penn, and his wife, Hulda (Christie) Penn, were born ten children: Ephraim, who died at the age of forty-five years; Mary, was married to John C. Cline, both of whom are now deceased; James lives in Cisco, Texas; Elizabeth was united in marriage with Samuel Kennedy, and is now a widow; William died when two years of age; Rebecca died at the age of ten years; John C., our sub¬ ject, and Silas live in Jackson township; Azel lives in Clinton township, Cass county, Indiana, and Owen resides in southwest Missouri.

John C. Penn was united in marriage, December 22, 1870, with Jen¬ nie Kennedy, daughter of John R. and Leah Kennedy, natives of Penn¬ sylvania. She was born December 31, 1848, in Carroll county, Indiana, and was educated in the public schools. Her death occurred June 5, 1910. To this union nine children were born: Oscar, who lives on what was Grand¬ father Kennedy's farm in Rock Creek township; Amy is at Flora, Indiana; Berdie became the wife of W. A. Herrmann, and lives at Los Angeles, California; Ross died in September, 1913; Elmer died in Manitoba, Canada; Otto lives at Flora; Omar is deceased; Reynolds is in business at St. Louis, Missouri, and Jay is at Indianapolis. Mr. Penn was again married, June 24, 1914, to Fannie Eads, widow of James Eads, and daughter of Thomas S. Doyel. She is a prominent musician.

Mr. and Mrs. Penn are prominent, and intelligent citizens of the com¬ munity in which they reside, and have made many warm friends since their residence in Jackson township.

Leonidas P. Shanks

Success in any vocation depends largely upon individual character and knowledge. In engaging in any pursuit, one needs a certain amount of confidence, without which an investment of money in any line is the essence of folly. Mr. Shanks, whose history is here briefly related, has ever kept before him the principles of courage, confidence and industry, a foundation sufficient for the success of all who will follow his example.

Leonidas P. Shanks, farmer, Camden, Carroll county, was born Sep¬ tember 5, 1852, in Cass county, Indiana, and is a son of Henry and Mary (Blue) Shanks. He was reared in Deer Creek township, where he attended the district schools during the winter months. At the time of his marriage, Mr. Shanks went in debt for a forty-seven-acre farm, but with close atten¬ tion to his business interests, he was enabled on February 20, 1888, to pur¬ chase his present splendid property, consisting of two hundred acres, located six and a half miles east of Camden, and known as the "Poplar Lawn Farm," route number 2, Camden, Indiana. Mr. Shanks has put valuable improve¬ ments in his place, including a line modern house, which is strictly up to date in every respect. Mr. Shanks has always given his earnest support to the Democratic party, and has always taken an intelligent interest in the welfare of his township, having served in various offices, including that of trustee of Washington township, which he held for four years, and was a member of the county central committee for action in local politics. He is a stockholder in the Camden Farmers' Grain and Supply Company of Camden. He is also a director and stockholder in the telephone company of that city.

The great grandfather of Leonidas P. Shanks came from Scotland to America in colonial days, and settled in what is now Pennsylvania. Their sons emigrated to western states. One, John Shanks, grandfather of our subject emigrated to Indiana, when the father of our subject was five years of age, and settled near Delphi, and was keeper of the first poor farm in Carroll county, therefore being one of the first settlers in the county.

Henry Shanks, father of our subject, was born in 1829, at Troy, Ohio, and came to Carroll county in 1833, at the age of five years. His wife was Mary Blue, daughter of Uriah Blue, to whom he was married in 1859, and by whom he had eleven children, nine of whom were living in 1915: L. P. Shanks, Alice A., John U., Sarah J., William, David, Mary F., James, and Nora B. Alice A. became the wife of Jasper Fouts, and moved to Deer Creek; John U. is the president of the Farmers Bank at Camden, Indiana;

Sarah was married to Charles Snider, of Carrollton township; William Shanks follows farming in Montana; David Shanks lives in Jackson town¬ ship; Mary F. Shanks became Mrs. William McClusky, of Cass county, Indiana; James is a farmer in Washington township; Nora B. is the wife of John Hummed, and lives in Cass county, Indiana.

Leonidas P. Shanks was united in marriage, March 13, 1875, with Mary E. Zech, daughter of Peter Zech. She was born on December 13, 1856, in Cass county, Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Shanks have five children living in 1915: Ursula, who graduated from the public schools, and now is a student of literature and a landscape artist; Leonard, graduated from the public schools, and was married to Blanche Hinkle, by whom he has two children; Sylvia Shanks is a graduate of the Deer Creek high school, also the Muncie Normal school, and taught school for three years; Clay Shanks graduated from the public and high schools, and is at present a student at the Muncie Normal school; Oris R. graduated from the public school and entered high school at the age of thirteen.

Mr. Shanks and his wife are members of the primitive Baptist church, east of Camden, of which he is one of the deacons, and through his fra¬ ternal alliances, has identified himself with the Mt. Zion Lodge No. 21 1, Free and Accepted Masons, the Morse Lodge No. 477, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, past grand, and has been well known and held in high esteem for many years by his associates and friends in Washington town¬ ship.

James Q. Shanks

In a brief sketch, it is impossible to give more than a faint outline of the history of James O. Shanks, a representative citizen of Carroll county.

James O. Shanks, farmer, Camden, Washington township, Carroll county, was born August 27, 1872, in Deer Creek township, Cass county, Indiana, and is a son of Henry and Mary (Blue) Shanks. He was reared in Carroll county and attended the district schools of Washington town¬ ship. At the age of twenty-one years, he started out on his own responsi¬ bility, buying a farm of forty acres at Deer Creek, to which he later added forty acres more, and has continued to prosper until he now owns a fine tract of one hundred and twenty acres. Mr. Shanks has always voted the Democratic ticket, but has never taken an active part in politics, his time and attention being devoted entirely to his general farming interests and his stock, of which he keeps only the best grades of the different kinds. His farm has been improved with a good class of buildings, and is well drained. Mr. Shanks, with the assistance of his wife and family, has made the most of what he now owns.

Henry Shanks was born in Butler county, Ohio, and is a son of John Shanks. His wife was Mary (Blue) Shanks. Mr. Shanks was an active supporter of Democratic principles, and an earnest member of the Baptist church, to which he contributed liberally. This union was blest with eleven children: L. P., a farmer, residing in Washington township; Margaret, who became the wife of William Snider, and is now deceased; Anna was married to Jasper Fouts, and lives at Deer Creek, Indiana; John U., is presi¬ dent of the Farmers State Bank at Camden, Indiana; Sarah J. Shanks became the wife of Charles Snider, and lives in Carroll county; William H. follows agriculture in Jackson township; Mary F. was married to William McCluskey and lives in Cass county, Indiana; James O., the subject; Melvina died young; Nora B. became the wife of John Hummell, of Cass county, Indiana, and David, a farmer in Jackson township.

John Shanks, the paternal grandfather, settled in Carroll county as early as 1830, locating near Delphi, Indiana, and entered land in Jackson township, near Camden. He was a public-spirited man, and was for several years superintendent of the Carroll county infirmary. His land was situated half a mile east of Deer Creek, and while living on this farm, Mr. Shanks met with the loss of his wife, after which he went to Missouri to live with his son, where he died and was buried. He was the father of a large family of children, only one of whom was living in 1915, Robert Shanks, who now resides in Missouri. Mr. Shanks was a Democrat, and gave lib¬ erally to the Baptist church, of which he was a member.

James O. Shanks was united in marriage, September 1, 1897, with Miss Charlotte Yerkes, daughter of Henry and Mary Yerkes. She was born May 28, 1876, in Washington township, where she was reared, educated and married. They have three living children : Coy C., a graduate of the pub¬ lic schools; lone, who graduated from the public school in 1915, and Lowell C., aged nine years. Mrs. Shanks is an earnest member of the Presbyterian church at Deer Creek, Indiana.

Mr. Shanks enjoys the sincere regard of all who know him, and is considered an upright and earnest worker for the best interests of his com¬ munity. His attractive home farm, located on route number 2, Camden, Indiana, is known as the "Black Mud Farm," and is one of the profit¬ making farms of the township.

The two gentlemen, whose combined history is written in brief form in the following sketch, are descended from one of the very early pioneer families of Carroll county, Indiana. They are both men of broad views, thus enabling them to work harmoniously for the benefit of their com¬ bined interests. Willard Ross Mabbitt and James D. Mabbitt are the suc¬ cessful and well-known proprietors of a fine tract of land, consisting of two hundred acres, which they cultivate in partnership.

Willard Ross and James D. Mabbitt, farmers, living on route No. ir at Flora, Indiana, were bom August 27, 1874, and September 13, 1875, respectively, and are the sons of the J. M., bom February 21, 1831, and his wife, Margaret (Martin) Mabbitt, born August 2, 1839.

Willard Ross Mabbitt was reared on the farm where he now lives, and received his education at the public schools during the winter months, and assisted with the farm work during the summer months until he was, twentyone years old, and is now a half owner in two hundred acres of fine agricul¬ tural land, his brother, James D. Mabbitt, owning the other half. Mr. Mabbitt and his brother bear the name of being two of the wealthiest agri¬ culturists of Carrollton township. Willard Ross Mabbitt is a stanch Demo¬ crat, while his fraternal membership is with the Young America Lodge No. 534, Free and Accepted Masons, and Helmet Lodge No. 346, Knights of Pythias.

Tames D. Mabbitt, like his brother, was reared on the home farm, and educated at the public schools of the district, since which time his career has been closely allied with that of his brother, Willard Ross Mabbitt. Polit¬ ically, James D. Mabbitt has always been a strong believer in Democratic principles. Fraternally, his membership is with the Masonic Lodge and the Knights of Pythias, at Young America.

J. M. Mabbitt, father of our subjects, was born February 21, 1831, in Butler county, Ohio, and died on June, 3, 1904. His wife, Margaret (Mar¬ tin) Mabbitt, was born August 2, 1839, in Carrollton township, Carroll county, and is still living in 1915. She is a daughter of Charles and Jemima Martin. To J. M. and Margaret (Martin) Mabbitt were born seven children, four of whom are living in 1915: Asa C., Minnie, Willard Ross, and James D. Asa C. Mabbitt was united in marriage with Laura Bone, and lives in Deer Creek township, Cass county, Indiana; Minnie Mabbitt is the wife of V. A. Shanks, and lives in Carrollton township.

Alice P. Platt, daughter of Oliver S. and Effie (Brower) Platt. She was born, November 25, 1881, in Howard county, Indiana, receiving her educa¬ tion in the district schools of Irwin township. They have one child, Mar¬ garet I., born on January 18, 1912. Mrs. Mabbitt learned the dressmaker's trade, which she followed up to the time of her marriage.

Oliver S. Platt, father of Mrs. Mabbitt, was born on May 15, 1858, and his wife, Effie (Brower) Platt, was born on July 1, 1865, her death occurring February 10, 1893. They were the parents of three children, Mary A., who became the wife of William Haskill, and resides in Howard county, Indiana; Roxie B., the wife of Doctor R. D. Varner, of Indianapolis, and Alice P. Mrs. Oliver S. Platt was born in Howard county, Indiana.

The Mabbitt brothers are well-known throughout Carroll county, and considered two of the most progressive and wide-awake farmers, of their community, where they have always lived. Their partnership farm is pointed out as one of the attractive and valuable farms of the Carrollton township.

John C. Odell

John C. Odell was born in Carroll county, Indiana, December 6, 1838. He is the eldest son of James Odell, Jr., and was raised on a farm. He received a common-school education at the country school, and in the Delphi public school. He attended the Battleground Collegiate Institute, under Prof. E. H. Staley, in 1858 and 1859. He attended the Asbury University in i860 and 1861. He taught school in Camden in 1872 and 1873. In 1863 and 1864, he was the editor and publisher of the Delphi Weekly Times .

In April, 1865, John C. Odell was married to Euphemia Noland, of Virginia, who died in October, 1866. He was deputy clerk seven years, and was admitted to the Carroll county bar in November, 1879, and has been engaged in the practice of law to the present time. He was elected prosecuting attorney for the thirty-ninth judicial district in 1896. Since then he has served eleven years as the deputy prosecuting attorney for Carroll county, and occupies that position at the present time.

Mr. Odell was married, secondly, to E. R. Noland, of Virginia, a sister of his first wife, September 11, 1873. Five children have been born to this union; three died in infancy, two are living, namely: Charles N. and Josephine R. Mr. Odell is a member of the Delphi Baptist church, and a member of Carroll Lodge No. 174, Independent Order of Odd Fel¬ lows. He enjoys a large acquaintance in the county and state. He has been the secretary of the Old Settlers' Society of Carroll county since 1882.

William H. Evkrman

In the career of William H. Everman, who for many years has been identified with the various interests of Carroll county, Indiana, we find many qualities which win success in the battle of life. The splendid success which crowns his efforts may be attributed to self-reliance, independence of mind and careful management of his own personal business. A veteran of the Civil War, he has discharged well his obligations to his country, to his home, and to his neighbors. Because of the success which has attended his efforts and of his high personal character, he is clearly entitled to rank among the representative citizens of Carroll county.

William H. Everman, a retired farmer and merchant of Burlington, was born in Putnam county, Indiana, on November 21, 1840. He is the son of Andrew and Neaty (Gardner) Everman, the former of whom was born in Kentucky and the latter of whom was born in North Carolina. Each located in Putnam county, Indiana, where they grew up and where they were married. In 1847 they emigrated to Iowa, but returned to Indiana and settled in Burlington township, Carroll county, in 1858. Here they spent the remainder of their lives. The late Andrew Everman was an active worker in the Christian church and active in the educational affairs of the township. He was also active in politics and served one term as trustee of Burlington township. Andrew and Neaty (Gardner) Everman had twelve children, of whom two sons served in the Civil War. Six are now living, as follow: William H. is the subject of this sketch; Andrew M. is a retired merchant of Burlington; B. W. is a graduate of the Indiana State Normal school and Indiana State University and occupies a chair in the Academy of Science of San Francisco; Nancy A. is the wife of Senator James M. Beck, of Burlington township; Dora B. is unmarried; Ida M. is the wife of S. W. Barnard, of Burlington.

Reared on a farm and educated in the public schools of the Hawkeye and Hoosier states, William H. Everman worked at home until he was past twenty years old, when he enlisted in Company F, Twentieth Indiana Volun- teer Infantry on July 23, 1861. He served until October 1, 1862, when he was wounded while fighting valiantly before Richmond. He was discharged on October 6, 1862, and came home, but in August of the next year re-enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Sixteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, serving until March, 1864, when he was finally discharged.

Mr. Everman then returned to Burlington and was married on Feb¬ ruary 14, 1867, to Isabelle M. Cooke, a native of Cass county, Indiana, born on November 30, 1840. Mrs. Everman was educated in the country schools of Carroll county. She and her husband had four hundred dollars with which they started life. Although Mr. Everman was engaged in the general mercantile business, when he was married he and his bride bought a part of his father's farm. They met with success in farming and soon became well-to-do in this community.

Charitable by impulse and interested keenly in all religious works, Mr. and Mrs. Everman contributed half of the expenses in erecting the new Christian church at Burlington in 1908, and are still liberal supporters of the church. For many years Mr. Everman was trustee of the church. Until 1884, Mr. Everman was identified with the Republican party but, being an invincible foe of the liquor traffic and the licensed saloon, in 1884 he identi¬ fied himself with the Prohibition party and has supported this movement ever since. Four years later, Mr. and Mrs. Everman retired and moved to Burlington, Indiana, and in 1891, they sold their farm. Fraternally, Mr. Everman is a member of Samuel Stewart Post, Grand Army of the Repub¬ lic, at Flora.

Charles F. Martin

Mr. Martin, the subject of this sketch, is' an excellent farm manager, and for this reason he has been given the entire management of the home place. Although young in years, his ability and knowledge equal, and in many instances excel, these qualities in many of those who have had a life¬ time experience in agricultural pursuits.

Charles F. Martin, farmer, Camden, Carroll county, was born on Feb¬ ruary 14, 1888, in Carrollton township, and is a son of William and Emeline (Keck) Martin. He attended the public schools of the district, after which he spent one year at high school at Deer Creek. Since his marriage, Mr. Martin has had charge of the home place, and is the proprietor of the "Fair View Farm," consisting of eighty acres, situated in Washington township.

and also owns one hundred and fifty-three acres in Carrollton township. Mr. Martin is a stanch Democrat, but has never taken an active interest in politics. Religiously, he is a member of the Presbyterian church at Deer Creek. His fraternal alliances are with the Mt. Zion Lodge, at Camden, Indiana, and the Morris Lodge No. 477, Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Deer Creek, Indiana.

William Martin was born in 1833, in Carrollton township, and died in 1908. His wife, Emeline (Keck) Martin, was also a native of Carrollton township. They were the parents of two children : Minnie M. Martin, who graduated from the public schools, and is living at home unmarried, and Charles F., the subject of this review.

Charles F. Martin was united in marriage on November 4, 1914, to Lulu Downham, daughter of Harry B., and Rella (Yerkes) Downham. She was born on October 23, 1890, in Washington township, and graduated from the public schools of Deer Creek.

Mr. and Mrs. Martin are quiet, unassuming people, and enjoy the friendship of the entire community in which they reside. Their beautiful home is located on route No. 1, Camden, Indiana.

John F. Jervis

Since his entire life has been spent in Democrat township, Carroll county, Indiana, John F. Jervis needs no introduction to the people of Carroll county. His life has been devoted, not only to fostering his own inter¬ ests, but to the welfare of the public generally. He is an honorable repre¬ sentative of one of the esteemed families of this section and a gentleman of high character and worthy ambitions, one who has filled no small place in the public life. He is a splendid type of the intelligent, up-to-date, self-made American and is regarded as one of the very best business men of which Carroll county can boast. As a citizen he is abreast of the times and com¬ mands the unqualified respect of the community where he lives. The director of the Cutler Telephone Company, he owns five hundred acres of land, and keeps a high grade of live stock on the farm and has mastered all of the details of improved methods of farming.

was born in Democrat township, November 26, 1863. He is the son of Isaiah and Rebecca (Campbell) Jervis, the former of whom was born in Butler county, Ohio, October 17, 1824, and who was the son of Thomas and Mary (Patty) Jervis, natives of Maryland. Thomas and Mary (Patty) Jervis each came to Butler county, Ohio, with their parents and were mar¬ ried in Butler county. Upon immigrating to the Hoosier state, they located on the present site of West Indianapolis as early as 1830. There they entered a tract of land, which was subsequently cleared and improved. Upon selling out in Marion county, Indiana, they moved to Carroll county and located in Democrat township, where they lived until their deaths. He died in 1882, and his wife about 1873.

Isaiah Jervis was sixteen or seventeen years of age when his parents moved to Carroll county. He followed different occupations until the break¬ ing out of the Mexican War, when he enlisted as a soldier in an Indiana Company and served until the end of the war. In 1848 he returned to Carroll county and the next year, was married to Rebecca Campbell, the daugh¬ ter of John and Martha (Walker) Campbell. John Campbell immigrated from Kentucky to Tippecanoe county in 1828, and, three years later, moved to Carroll county, Indiana, settling on a farm in Democrat township. He was a tanner by trade and operated a tanyard at what was first called Xenia and later Horseshoe Bend, north of Cutler. Martha (Walker) Campbell lived to be ninety-two years old. Her daughter, Rebecca (Campbell) Jervis, who was born in 1830, died in 1914. Of the ten children born to Isaiah and Rebecca (Campbell) Jervis, three are now living, Martha, the wife of Thomas Larkins, of Frankfort, Indiana; John F., the subject of this sketch; and Luella E., the wife of Edward Reef, of Democrat township.

Born in Democrat township, reared on a farm in this township and educated in the common schools, John F. Jervis remained at home until his marriage. March 11, 1886, to Elizabeth J. Gee, a native of Democrat town¬ ship, born on January 13, 1867. Mrs. Jervis was reared on a farm and was the daughter of Benjamin and Malissa (Fee) Gee, old settlers in Carroll county. Benjamin Gee was bom in Butler county, Ohio, who came to Carroll county about 1829, with his father Andrew Gee, and his mother, Elizabeth (Meadow) Gee. After Mr. and Mrs. Jervis were married, they began life on a farm and, for a few years, rented land. They moved to their present farm in April, 1895, an<3 have lived here ever since, a period of twenty years.

Mr. and Mrs. Jervis have five living children, Marvin V., a graduate of the Cutler high school, who married Mayme Allen; Leonard, a graduate

Mr. and Mrs. Jervis are members of the Baptist church at Rossville, Indiana. Mr. Jervis is one of the trustees of the church and the whole family, in fact, are active in religious work. Although identified nominally with the Republican party, John F. Jervis has never been especially active in political affairs. May we not believe that his large success as a farmer is due, in a considerable degree, to the fact that he has avoided politics and has applied himself diligently to farming.

Isaac N. Landes

At no other time in American history has the influence of good men been needed in politics more than today. The issues of war and peace are vital to the welfare of our nation as well as to the rest of the world powers, who need a great example, not of unpreparedness, but of wisdom. Every voter needs to be well informed on each question before him, that his decisions may be for the good of his own community.

Such a citizen is Isaac N. Landes, of Carrollton township, Carroll county, Indiana, wise in his decisions, clear in his calculations and firm in his convictions. He is an enthusiastic worker in the ranks of the Republican party and lends his ardent support, to the election of all party candidates who are worthy of office. Bom on October 17, 1867, ^as always displayed that leadership, indispensable to success. Isaac N. Landes is the son of Fred and Nancy E. (Ewing) Landes; Fred Landes, in turn, being the son of Felix Landes, who came from the East at an early date, with his father and several brothers, and settled in Indiana. Felix Landes was a Christian gentleman belonging to the Presbyterian church and was a stanch Repub¬ lican, strong in his views. Felix Landes, his brothers and father, settled on the banks of Deer Creek.

Fred Landes, son of Felix Landes, was born in this same township and it was here that he married and reared his family. He was reared on his father's farm and attended the district schools, after which he became inter¬ ested in farming and purchased land for himself. Nancy Ewing, whom he married, was an orphan who lost her mother when she was only seven years of age and was deprived of her father's protection when only a child of nine years. She was very fortunate in having grandparents to love and shelter her, and her grandfather, Richard Dunkin, who lived on Michigan road, Car¬ rollton township, educated and provided for her. To the union of Fred Landes and Nancy Ewing were bom four children: Isaac N., W. S., a farmer of Carrollton township, Indiana; Ella, who is married and living on the home place, and Everett, who died when a boy of eleven years.

The boyhood of Isaac N. Landes was spent on the home place, and it was in this township that he received his common school education, after which he taught for four years. Four years of this work was sufficient to inspire him with a desire for a vocation more to his liking and with this end in view, he purchased the farm where he now lives, located one and one half miles northwest of Darwin, Indiana, and consisting of one hundred acres. On January 23, 1895, he was united in marriage to Effie E. Eikenberry, daughter of Henry D. Eikenberry, who lives three miles east of Flora, Indiana, in Monroe township.

Isaac N. Landes and Effie E. (Eikenberry) Landes are the parents of one child, Larry Fred, now in fourth year of high school and an excellent scholar. Mr. Landes and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church at Wheeling, Indiana, and are active in its support and advancement. It has been the men and women of progress, in all ages, who have made their nation's history and each contribution to progress, however small, is of value. Isaac N. Landes has contributed largely to the progress of his community and thereby benefited the nation.

Theo C. Curtis

If we could but bring humanity to deal with genealogy as it deals with other subjects, how much more thorough would be our records. It is true that biographers are generally interested more or less in family genealogies, but it is the individual members and descendants who derive the actual bene¬ fit therefrom. The Curtis family, from whom the subject of this sketch has descended, is a fine old pioneer family of Ohio, and is of Irish lineage on the maternal side.

Theo C. Curtis, retired farmer, Flora, Carroll county, was born August 29, 1844, in Burlington township, and is a son of Jesse and Jane V. (Watt) Curtis. He was nine years old when he came to Carrollton township, and all his early youth was spent at farm work, and his education was obtained by attending the public schools during the winter months, after which he took a course in a business college at Lafayette, Indiana. In selecting his life work, Mr. Curtis decided upon agriculture, which he has followed until very recently, when he retired from an active business life. He originally had eighty acres of land, to which he has continued to add until he now owns one hundred acres, all in a fine state of cultivation. Mr. Curtis was originally a Republican, but now gives his support to the Prohibition party. Religiously, both Mr. and Mrs. Curtis are members of the Presbyterian church at Wheeling, Indiana.

Jesse Curtis, father of our subject, was born in Ohio, and his wife, Jane V. (Watt) Curtis, was a native of Ireland, and came with her parents to America when eight years old. They settled in Ohio, where she grew to womanhood and was married. Mr. Curtis and his wife settled in Burling¬ ton township, Carroll county, and about 1858, they moved to Carrollton township, on the Michigan road, about five miles north of Burlington town¬ ship, spending the remainder of their lives there. He at first owned eighty acres, and afterward purchased eighty acres more in Burlington township, which he sold, and purchased a half section in Carrollton township, one hun¬ dred acres of which is now owned by Theo C. Mr. Curtis was a Repub¬ lican, and in religion he belonged to the Presbyterian church. Jesse and Jane W. (Watt) Curtis were the parents of four children, William, deceased; Theo C., Jerome and Rebecca, all of whom are dead but Theo C. By his first wife, Mr. Curtis had two children.

Theo C. Curtis was united in marriage, December 20, 1865, t° Mary J. Wilson, who was born June 6, 1845, in Decatur county, Indiana, and came with her parents to Howard county in 1847, where she lived on a farm until she was married, receiving her education at the district schools. To Mr. and Mrs. Curtis were born two children, Martha Esta, a graduate of the public schools, who became a teacher in the public schools of the county, after which she became the wife of George O. Billings, and lives in Howard county. Indiana; they have one child, Mabel B. Bertha Curtis was married to Harrison W. Barbee, a merchant of Wheeling, Indiana. She is an active member of the Presbyterian church, and her sister, Martha Esta takes an active part in the Baptist church. Mr. and Mrs. Barbee had one son, Ockle, who was reared in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Curtis, living there from the time he was three months old until he was twenty-four years of age. He graduated from the public schools at Flora, and is also a graduate of the Flora high school, and now has entire charge of the farm for Theo C.

Mr. Curtis has lived an upright life, and has always believed in the principles of "live and let live," and is enjoying a peaceful, quiet life, such as can only come from proper dealing with brother men.

David H. Hardy

To the man who has made such an agricultural success as that achieved by the gentleman who is biographically recorded in the following pages, is due greater credit and a more extended history than can be accorded in the pages of this volume. Mr. Hardy has made a concentrated study of his vocation, and possessing splendid business ability he has aided materially in shaping his financial interests to a satisfactory issue.

David H. Hardy, general farmer and stock raiser, Burrows, Indiana, was born on February 7, 1843, m Washington township, Carroll county, on the place where he now lives. His early education was secured at the dis¬ trict schools, and he later entered the normal school at Kokomo, Indiana, after which he returned to the farm, buying three hundred and seventy-five acres of his father's home place, and now owns a splendid tract of four hundred and fifteen acres of fine agricultural land, located in Washington township, on rural route No. 1, Burrows, Indiana, where he is eminently successful in his farming and stock-raising interests. His efforts in pro¬ ducing nothing but purebred animals has resulted in his possessing some of the finest stock in Carroll county. Politically, Mr. Hardy is a life-long supporter of Democratic policies, but has never taken an active interest in politics. He is a member of the Rock Creek Presbyterian church at Bur¬ rows, Indiana.

Hugh Hardy, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Juniata county, Pennsylvania, and his wife. Rosanna (Hamaker) Hardy, was born in Dauphin county, in the same state, and went with her parents to Lewis¬ ton, Miflin county, Pennsylvania. Mr. Hardy and his wife grew up and were married in Miflin county, and lived there until 1838, where he followed both farming and the carpenter's trade. He later settled at Deer Creek, this county, moving here in wagons, where he bought one hundred and sixty acres, a part of which David H. Hardy now owns. Mr. Hardy and his brothers farmed together, and probably owned twenty-five hundred acres of land at one time in this locality. To Hugh and Rosanna (Hamaker) Hardy were born three children, namely: Anna FJiza, who became the wife of J. W. Bean, of Logansport; Alfred H., who was killed at the siege of Jackson. Mississippi, in the Civil War, in Company A, Forty-sixth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry; and David H. The death of Hugh Hardy occurred in December, 1892. and that of his wife, in September, 1883.

Elizabeth A. Martin, daughter of William D. and Jane (Patton) Martin. She was born on January 20, 1843, in Rock Creek township, Carroll county, and obtained her education at the public schools of the district. To this union were born six children: Lula, who became the wife of William Quinn; Emma, who was married to William Arnold, of Indianapolis; Walter T., a graduate of Wabash College, where he took a course in law, and is now judge of the superior court at Hammond, Indiana; Julia, who was married to Melvin Irelan, and is now a widow; Leroy M., who lives at home, and is married to Ethel Rice, daughter of John Rice of Washington township; Anna B., is a graduate of the high school and lives at home. She also attended school at Valparaiso and at St. John's, Indianapolis, since which time she has been teaching.

Throughout his continued success Mr. Hardy has never been too much engrossed in the art of accumulating wealth to also increase his list of sin¬ cere friends, with whom he has become deservedly popular.

Adam Wecht, a prosperous truck farmer residing on rural route No. 2, out of Cutler, Indiana, is a native of Cass county, Indiana, born on June 2, 1872, the son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Fornoff) Wecht, both of whom were bom in Germany and who came to America. They were married at the age of eighteen and twenty-one years, respectively, and settled in Logansport, Indiana. Jacob Wecht was a butcher and by his marriage to Elizabeth Fornoff had five children, three of whom are now living, as follow : Adam, the subject of this sketch; George J. Wecht, of Logansport, Indiana; Anna Wecht, who is unmarried and who lives in Indianapolis. The mother, Elizabeth (Wecht) Franco lives in Indianapolis.

Jacob Wecht died when their son, Adam, was a lad of two years. He was subsequently reared by Barker and Candace Stockton. Mr. Stockton lived at Burlington and there Harry W. attended the public schools, grad¬ uating eventually from the high school. After completing the high school course, he engaged in the barber business, traveling through the cities of eighteen states. He went West to the state of Washington in 1901, and when he landed there had only fifty cents in money. He was engaged in the nursery and land business for eleven years and during the period was able to save considerable money. He made one visit to Burlington while still a resident of the state of Washington, but finally returned and for five years was engaged in the restaurant business. He had returned from Wash¬ ington on account of the poor health of his foster-mother, for whom he cared after his return to this state. At her death, he received ten acres of land, which he afterwards laid out into lots, known as the Harry Stockton's addition to the town of Burlington. In the meantime, he had been engaged in the poultry business for some four years. After platting the Stockton addition, he purchased the ten-acre tract of land where he now lives and which he has greatly improved. Mr. Wecht divides his time between truck farming and working in the serum plant.

On November 24, 1914, Adam Wecht was married to Mattie P. Kelley, the daughter of Jacob Kelley. Mrs. Wecht is a member of the Baptist church.

Mr. Wecht is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church at Burling¬ ton and is an active worker in the church. Mr. Wecht has served as super¬ intendent of the Sunday school is now a member of the official board. Fra¬ ternally, he is a member of Burlington Lodge No. 77, Independent Order of Odd Fellows and is a past noble grand. He is also a member of the Eagle lodge in Washington. Mr. Wecht votes the Republican ticket.

Andrew Milburn

Among the self-made men of Carroll county, Indiana, the name of Andrew Milburn, of Burlington township, holds a prominent place and in the annals of highly-respected men of that community, his sterling qualities as a man and a citizen are shining examples to others, whose standards are set high above the average. His competency was entirely acquired through his own well-directed efforts and the sincere regard in which he is held, by his fellow citizens, is the result of an honorable career.

Andrew Milburn is the son of James and Sarah (Gwinn) Milburn and was born on March 21, 1843, Monroe county, West Virginia. James Milbiirn was born in West Virginia as was his wife, Sarah (Gwinn) Mil¬ burn. These two were reared within a short distance of each other and remained in West Virginia until after their marriage, when they removed to Indiana and located on the banks of the Wild Cat. About three years before their marriage, James Milburn had taken a trip to Indiana and at that time had purchased a farm of unimproved land, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres. After his arrival on his farm in Indiana, buildings were erected and other improvements made and forty acres was added to the original purchase. This land was taken in trade from Thornton Perry. James Milburn and Sarah (Gwinn) Milburn were the parents of five children: Martha, wife of Joseph Bean; Andrew; Isaac, deceased; Lizzie, deceased, and Agnes, wdfe of David Hinton, deceased. The mother of these children passed awray after a life of usefulness and James Milburn was united in marriage, to Nancy Crites, daughter of Abraham Crites and to them were born three children: Henry, 'Lincoln and Maggie who is the wife of Will¬ iam Lohman, a resident of Democrat township, Indiana. James Milburn was a wealthy man for those days and had acquired upwards of six hundred acres of land during his life of honesty and toil. While visiting his old home in West Virginia, he was taken ill with typhoid fever and passed away, leaving his wife and children to mourn his loss.

Andrew Milburn remained at home until twenty-two years of age and at that time answered his country's call for volunteers in the great conflict of the Civil War. In 1865, he enlisted in Company H, of the One Hun¬ dred and Fifty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry and after the war returned home, where he remained until his marriage to Catherine L. Shaffer, on December 19, 1867. Catherine L. Shaffer was the daughter of Henry F. Shaffer and Anne Shaffer, of Democrat township, Indiana.

Andrew and Catherine L. (Shaffer) Milburn became the parents of nine children: Vincent O., who married Millie Pullin; Sarah Anne, deceased; Henry W., deceased; James M., who married Laura Lowe and now lives on a farm in Burlington township, Indiana; Salina Vidella, wife of John Fogellesong; Charles E., Jacob Labon, married to Selina Webb; Alta; Ben¬ jamin, married to Theodosia Ransford. Charles E. and Alta are at .home.

With the exception of five and one-half months, Andrew Milburn has lived on his present farm since its purchase and the clearing and improve¬ ments have all been made by him. This well-improved land consists of two hundred and seven acres located two miles southwest of Burlington, in Burlington township, Indiana. Andrew Milburn affiliates with the Repub¬ lican party and is a stanch and enthusiastic supporter of same. Religiously, he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and a Christian gentle¬ man, deporting himself as becomes a man of his standing in the community. He is widely known for his sterling qualities as a man and a citizen, and deserves to be classed among those who have served their country, their family and their God, to the best of their ability.

Vivaldy A. Shanks

There is more room for profit-making on a farm than any other line to which the average man could direct his attention, all things considered. One does not enter upon any business enterprise with any expectation of satisfactory results, unless he has a sound basis, either financially or the demands of the surrounding territory, and in most instances the continued daily expenses are far greater accordingly than those on a farm.

Vivaldy A. Shanks, farmer, on route No. i, Flora, Indiana, and the proprietor of the "Locust Grove Farm," consisting of one hundred and sixty-four acres, was born on February 17, 1858, in Cass county, Indiana, and is a son of Moses and Emily (Blue) Shanks. He grew to young man¬ hood in Carrollton township, where he attended the district schools. He was married at the age of thirty-two years, and started out in life with some money in his own name. His present productive farm is located five miles east and one mile north of Flora. Mr. Shanks has always been a stanch Democrat, and has taken an active part in local politics, as well as in the politics of the county. Fraternally, he is a member of Flora Lodge No. 605, Free and Accepted Masons.

Moses Shanks, father of our subject was born in Ohio, and came to Indiana as a young man, and settled in Cass county. He had no funds when he began farming for himself, but soon saved enough to venture upon the purchase of one hundred and sixty acres, which he paid for unaided. Politically, he was a Democrat, and his religious sympathies were with the Hard-shell Baptists, of which church he was a liberal supporter. To Moses and Emily (Blue) Shanks were born eight children, seven of whom were living in 1915, Hezekiah, a retired farmer living at Camden, Indiana; Minerva, who became the wife of Hamilton Ogleson, and lives in Washing¬ ton township; Wilson Shanks, a farmer of Washington township; Lambert, who also follows farming, and lives in Rock Creek township; V. A. Shanks; Della, who became the wife of Hiram Wallace, and lives in Jackson town¬ ship, and Artemus Shanks, a farmer in Jackson township.

Vivaldy A. Shanks was united in marriage, February 19, 1899, t° Minnie Mabbitt, daughter of John M. and Margaret (Martin) Mabbitt. She was born on April 7, 1864, at Logansport, Indiana. The children born to this union are: Ona M., a graduate of both the public and high schools, and is now the wife of Harry Spider; June, a graduate of the high school, is single and lives at home; Ray is also a high school graduate, and is assist- in g his father on the farm; Bright is a graduate of the Flora high school, and is at present a student in primary work at Indianapolis, Indiana.

Mr. and Mrs. Shanks are living a life of quiet simplicity on their farm, away from the noise and bustle of city activity, and fully appreciate their privilege in being thus circumstanced.

Wilbert Whiteman

Prominent in the political life of Madison township, which he served faithfully and efficiently as trustee during the six years ending December 31, 1914, and well-known in the fraternal circles of Carroll county, Indiana, Wilbert Whiteman is a successful farmer, who was born on the farm where he lives and where he has spent all of his life, save one year.

Mr. Whiteman was born on July 21, 1869, and is the son of James P. and Mary I. (Dawson) Whiteman. James P. Whiteman was born in Tippecanoe county, Indiana, December 6, 1829. His father was John Whiteman, who came from Tennessee to Indiana, and who was born in the Old Dominion state. John Whiteman died in Carroll county, Indiana. James P. Whiteman was reared in Tippecanoe county and in Carroll county. He married Mary I. Dawson, who was born on July 28, 1845, and some time during the fifties moved to Carroll county, Indiana, locating in Democrat township. Later, however, he moved to Madison township. He was a Democrat in politics. By his marriage to Mary I. Dawson, there were born five sons and three daughters, who are now living, Florence, the widow of Albert Draper; Samuel G., a farmer on the old farm; Wilbert, the subject of this sketch; Florida, the wife of Benton W. Stone, of Bloomington, Indiana; John, a farmer in Democrat township; Jason and Grover C., who are partners with Wilbert in the grain business at Ockley, Indiana ; and Uda, the wife of Charles Lupper.

James P. Whiteman died October 27, 1915, on the old home farm, which has been the Whiteman homestead for forty-eight years. Mrs. Mary I. Whiteman is still living; Wilbert resides with her.

When old enough, Wilbert Whiteman attended the neighborhood school in Madison township, during the winter, but worked on the farm during the summer. Afterward he engaged in farming on his own responsibility. Elected trustee of Madison township in 1909, he served six years or until December 31, 19T4. Mr. Whiteman is a member of Cutler Lodge No. 571,

Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is the past grand in the lodge. He is also a member of Rebekah Lodge No. 602, and of Carroll Encampment No. 127.

Mr. Whiteman's prominence as a citizen of Carroll county is connected intimately with his high standing as a member of the Masonic lodge. He is a York Rite Mason, a member of Mount Olive Lodge No. 48, Free and Accepted Masons, of Delphi Chapter. No. 21, Royal Arch Masons; of Delphi Commandery. No. 40, Knights Templar; and of Murat Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, at Indianapolis.

Samuel Mitchell

Having been educated in one of the higher arts, Samuel Mitchell, whose name stands at the head of this review, enjoys the distinction of fol¬ lowing a vocation out of the ordinary. The gift of a musical ear is not the good fortune of all, although there are few who do not appreciate good music when they are fortunate enough to hear it. Mr. Mitchell is a natural born musician, and is to be congratulated upon having his life work fall along such pleasant lines.

Samuel Mitchell, instructor of music, Deer Creek, Carroll county, was born on February 14. 1866, in Carrollton township, in the county where he still resides, and is a son of E. H. and Mary Agnes ( Snell) Mitchell. He received a good public school education, and later took a musical course at Tabor College in Iowa, finishing at the Metropolitan School of Music, at Indiana|>olis. Mr. Mitchell moved to Deer Creek in 1897, where he has given instruction on the piano, violin, cornet, and other instruments, and has been instructor in the city schools for the past eight years. He is a Democrat, while his religious belief is with the United Brethren church, where he has been organist and pianist thirty consecutive years. He is the present pianist, and one of the parsonage trustees. He was prominent in the organization of the telephone company at Deer Creek, and officiated as its original secretary, which position he resigned, and later accepted again, and in which capacity he has served for the past seven years.

E. FI. Mitchell was born in Hendricks county, Indiana, on April 20, 1840. and came to Carroll county with his parents in 1856. His early edu¬ cation was obtained at the public schools, and he later entered Bainbridge, finishing at DePamv University. He taught school in the later fifties and early sixties, entering the service of his country in October, 1862, and served until the end of the Civil War. He was a member of Company A, Fiftyfourth Regiment, Indiana Volunteers and was wounded in the battle of Chickasaw Bayou, in Vicksburg campaign under Colonel Mansfield, and later contracted malaria and typhoid fevers, and was reported dead. He resumed school teaching for a short time, and in 1864 was united in mar¬ riage with Mary Agnes Snell, who was born October 17, 1842, and died May 26, 1866. Mr. Mitchell then returned to Hendricks county and taught school at Clayton, 1868 and 1869, where he became acquainted with Mary E. Miller, also a teacher and widow of J. H. Miller, who became his second wife, and the mother of nine children: Nellie V., Harry T., Livingston H., Jessie' Columbus N., Charles H., Anna L., Horace Ewing, and Arthur E. Nellie Mitchell became the wife of J. L. Edmondson and lives in Hendricks county, Indiana; Harry T. was graduated from DePauw University, and was united in marriage with Eva Snodgrass. They reside at Sugar City, Colorado, where Mr. Mitchell is superintendent and teacher in the high school; Livingston H., a musician of note is at present president of a large conservatory at Arkadelphia, Arkansas. Jessie became the wife of Frank Beadle and resides at Clayton. Indiana. Columbus N. is a civil service employe. He is married and resides at La Jaunta, Colorado, Arthur E., an attorney, is a graduate of Colorado College of Colorado Springs, also the University of Chicago. He was united in marriage to Joan McDougal, a graduate of the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, and at present resides in Knoxville, Tennessee. Willie Miller, the step-son, is married and is a lumberman at Farragut, Iowa. Charles Howard, Anna Lillian and Horace Ewing are deceased.

After his second marriage, Mr. Mitchell moved to Sydney, Iowa, August, i860, where he lived until the death of his wife, when he returned to Hendricks county, Indiana, and made his home with his daughter, Jessie, spending the remainder of his life near the old homestead.

Samuel Mitchell, the paternal grandfather was a Presbyterian minister, a circuit rider, who accepted a charge at Clayton, Indiana, remaining there a number of years during Van Buren's time. He was a prominent man in his day, a forceful speaker, and took an active part in church societies. After his children grew to maturity, he moved to Camden, taking charge of the church there and at Wheeling, where he lived until his death, which occurred on the Albert O' Bear farm.

In his sphere of endeavor, Mr. Mitchell has arisen to a prominent and enviable point, and is second to none in his township, where his name and fame have become widely known*.

David T. Shanks

David T. Shanks, farmer, rural route No. 2, Camden, Indiana, was born on August 12, 1867, in Deer Creek township, Cass county, Indiana, and is a son of Henry and Mary (Blue) Shanks. His youth was spent in Cass county, where he attended the district schools during the winters and assisted his father on the farm during the summer seasons, until he was twenty-four years of age, when he began farming for himself on a rented place, which he cultivated for eight years, and then bought his present fine farm consisting of one hundred and eighty-six and one-half acres, situated in Rock Creek and Jackson townships, this county, known as "Plain View Farm."

Mr. Shanks has always been an ardent supporter of Democratic poli¬ cies, and has been active in local politics, officiating as a member of the advisory board of the township. Religiously, he is an attentive member of the Baptist church at Camden, Indiana, and his fraternal alliance is with Camden Lodge No. 332, Knights of Pythias, of which he has been trustee. Mr. Shanks has made the most of what he now owns, unaided. He has improved his place in every possible way, including good drainage and two sets of modern buildings of all kinds, all of which has placed his property in the list of well-kept and up-to-date farms of the county.

Henry Shanks, father of the subject of this sketch, was a son of John Shanks, and came from Cass county to Carroll county, Indiana, at an early date, and lived in Washington township until his death. He was bom in Ohio in 1829. He was united in marriage with Mary Blue, daughter of Uriah Blue. This union was blest with eleven children, nine of whom are living in 1915: L. P., Margaret, who died in 1893; Alice A.; John U. ; Melvina, deceased; Sarah J. ; William; David T. ; Marv F. ; James O. and Nora B. L. P. lives in Washington township; Alice A. is the wife of Jasper Pouts, of Washington township; John U. is mentioned elsewhere in this volume; Sarah J. became the wife of Charles Snyder of Carrollton township; William lives on a farm in Montana; Mary F. is married to Will¬ iam McCloskey, of Deer Creek township, Cass county; James O. lives in Washington township; Nora was married to John Hummel, of Cass county, Indiana.

Residence Of David T. Shanks

David T. Shanks was united in marriage on December 29, 1891, with* Artie M. Houser, daughter of John and Margaret (Campbell) Houser. She was born on December 27, 1872, and reared on a farm in Carroll county, her father dying when she was a babe in arms. She was educated at the public schools of the district. To Mr. and Mrs. Shanks have been born four children: Elsie, died at the age of two years; Ruby M., born on October 2, 1893, a graduate of the Camden high school, afterward became a student of music at that city, and lives at home; Raymond V. Shanks, born on February 27, 1895, ls a^so a graduate of the Camden high school, and is at present attending the North Manchester College; Ethel M., died at the age of four and one-half years.

Mr. Shanks has blended his business interests with those of the repre¬ sentative and leading interests of Camden, occupying some of the most prominent offices, among them being director of the Camden Telephone Company, and also director of the Farmers State Bank of Burrows, with the following officers: Doctor Wagoner, president; M. J. McGreevy, vicepresident; and E. E. Shookman, cashier; the board of directors consisting of David T. Shanks, Samuel Wasson, William J. Guckien and William Martin.

Joseph Studebaker

Retired farmer, teacher and lawyer of Flora, Carroll county, Indiana, Joseph Studebaker is one of the best known citizens of the county. In 1861 he suffered a misfortune when working with a mowing machine and as a consequence of this accident has been crippled practically all of his life. Notwithstanding his infirmity, he was able, determined or destined to lead an active life for many years and is still able to oversee the work on his splendid farm of two hundred and fifteen acres in Carroll and Cass coun¬ ties.

Joseph Studebaker, justice of the peace of Monroe township and an attorney-at-law at Flora, Indiana, was born -in Cass county on May 27, 1853. His parents were John S. and Elizabeth (Sandis) Studebaker, the former of whom was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, and the latter of whom was born in the same county and state. Both grew to manhood and womanhood in the same community. After their marriage they emi¬ grated to Miami county, Ohio, and then to Delaware county, Indiana, locat¬ ing near Muncie, where John S. purchased one hundred and sixty acres of timber land, and carved out a home in the wilderness. He was an early champion of good roads and the pike, which passes by his old home in Dela¬ ware county, is still known as "the Studebaker pike." After a time he sold his farm and removed again to the woods of Cass county, Indiana, locating on Deer Creek, where he built a small cabin and where in time he came to own four hundred acres of land. A man of industrious habits, he was also thrifty and became a very prosperous farmer. For more than forty years he served as a minister in the church of the Brethren, without receiv¬ ing any compensation. He died in 1905 in his ninety-first year at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Lydia Wells, near Camden, Indiana. His wife had died nearly a half century previously. She was the mother of thirteen children, ten sons and three daughters, four of whom are now living, John, Amos, Lydia and Joseph. John is a resident of Kansas. Amos resides in Indiana. Lydia is the wife of Edward Wells, of Carroll county. Joseph is the subject of this sketch.

Reared on a farm in Cass county, Indiana, Joseph Studebaker, when old enough to do so, attended the pioneer public schools of the county. He was graduated from the Indiana State Normal in 1899, but had been a teacher for twenty-five years at Pittsburg, Rockfield, Burlington, Burrows, Radner, Deer Creek and Flora. Mr. Studebaker studied law under Judge Charles R. Pollard, of Delphi, Indiana, and then was admitted to the bar of Cass county, at Logansport, Indiana, and practices in Cass and Carroll counties. He has served three terms, of four years each, as notary public and is now on his second appointment as justice of the peace in Monroe township, Carroll county.

On November 29, 1883, Mr. Studebaker was married to Mrs. Katie J. (dish) Mummert, who was born in Carroll county, in 1850, the daughter of Elder Henry Gish, a minister in the Church of the Brethren. Mrs. Studebaker, by her previous marriage, had one son, John H. Mummert, who married Minnie A. Himes. She bore him two children, Ralph I. and Mary C., both of whom are students in the Walton high school, having recently graduated from the common schools.

Mr. and Mrs. Studebaker have had three children, two of whom are living. One died in infancy. The living children are Harvey E. and Lula A. Harvey E. was educated in the public schools, at Purdue University and North Manchester College. He married Audie Aetna Gee, the daughter of

John T. Gee. Lula A., who graduated from the common schools and pur¬ sued her education in North Manchester College, is unmarried. She lives at home with her parents.

The Studebaker family are all members of the Church of the Brethren and for the past twenty years Mr. Studebaker has led the music at church conferences held in Indiana and adjoining states. He is well versed in music and is a capable and popular director. He votes the Democratic ticket.

As one of the upright and honorable citizens of Carroll county, Joseph Studebaker is well known to all the citizens of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Studebaker spend most of their winters in Florida, because of the healthful climate. They have lived together almost half a century, about thirty years of their time in Flora, Indiana, where they have property interests, having assisted many enterprises which have tended to make Flora the beautiful, prosperous city it now is. Many of the good people of Flora have obtained their homes through the influence of Joseph Studebaker, who has helped them to buy on the instalment plan, instead of always paying rent. He has some half dozen people now paying for homes that way. He handles real estate, makes farm loans for the North Western Mutual Life Insurance Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as special loan agent, and writes his own insurance, using most of his time looking after his own real estate inter¬ ests, both farms and town properties.

William Knettle

The career of William Knettle, the subject of this sketch, is similar to that of a number of other enterprising agriculturists of Carrollton township, who have carved their fortunes out of mother earth, with no other help than their own strength of will-power and continued industry.

William Knettle, farmer, Carrollton township, Indiana, was born April 5, 1873, near Miami, in Miami county, Indiana, and is a son of William and Mary (Beeler) Knettle. His father died one year after he was born, and he was reared by his step-father. At the age of thirteen years, he started out to earn his own living, working by the month until he was twen¬ ty-one years of age, up to which time he had accomplished absolutely noth¬ ing in a financial way. After his marriage, he worked by the month for two years, and then rented a farm for several years, and was sufficiently successful to enable him to purchase his present home place in 1904, which he has improved with good buildings, all of which he has accomplished unaided. His real estate holdings cover a quarter section, where he resides. Mr. Knettle has always been an ardent believer in Democratic principles, and his fraternal alliances are with the Improved Order of Red Men, in which he has passed all the chairs and has been a member of the grand lodge and the Knights of Pythias.

William Knettle, Sr., father of our subject, was born in Jackson town¬ ship, Carroll county, and his wife, Mary (Beeler) Knettle, was a native of the same county, where their marriage took place. Mr. Knettle died in 1874, and Mrs. Knettle's death occurred in 1901, our subject being the only child by this marriage. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Knettle was again married to Thomas Tate, by which marriage she became the mother of eight children, five of whom are living in 1915, Edward, John, Minnie, Ella, J. Victor and Maud, who is deceased, as well as two who died in infancy.

William Knettle was united in marriage, December 26, 1894. to Naomi Smoyer, daughter of Frederick Smoyer. She was born in Carrollton town¬ ship, Carroll county, and received a good education at the public schools of the district. This union has been blessed with one child, Frederick, born August 25, 1903, and is now in the sixth grade at school.

George W. Shirar

The greatness of a community or state depends not so much on the machinery of government or institutions, as upon the sterling qualities of individual citizens and their capacity for unselfish efforts and devotion to good work. The venerable George W. Shirar who reached the ripe old age of ninety years on October 15, 1915, and who may be regarded as one of the pioneers of Carroll county, Indiana, during his long life has stood steadfastly for the right and has remained an invincible foe of the wrong. He is now a retired farmer living on route No. 2 out of Bringhurst, Indiana, and now owns a farm of fifty-four acres in Burlington township.

both of whom are natives of the Keystone state. David Shirar came to Ohio when a lad of twelve years and after his marriage in the Buckeye state emigrated on November 19, 1846, to Carroll county, where he spent the rest of his life. Nine children were born to David and Lydia (Gormer) Shirar, of whom Levi married Salind Albaugh; Thomas married Sarah Plank; Elizabeth married Israel Plank; George W. is the subject of this sketch; Peter married Sarah Lowman; Mary J. married John Q. Cline, and they live in Carroll county; Charles married Lucinda Barnard; Lewis gave up his life in defense of his country during the Civil War; Rebecca A. married Eli Shaffer.

Twenty years old when he emigrated to Carroll county on October 15, 1845, George W. Shirar lived in Carroll county until the next spring, when he returned to Ohio to assist his father on the farm. After his father had held the sale, the household goods were loaded on a wagon and the trip overland from Ohio to Indiana was made by wagon. The family arrived in Carroll county on November 19, 1846, when George W. Shirar was twenty-one years old. He remained at home with his father, having taken a contract to drain the land at forty-five cents per rod, subsequently cultivating the home place, until the spring of 1847, after which for some time he worked for a neighboring farmer. Later, he bought forty acres of land and cleared and improved it.

On March 21, 1850, George W. Shirar was married to Susanna Craig, a native of the Old Dominion state, born on September 4, 1829, who at the age of ten years came with her parents to Carroll county, where she grew up to womanhood. Some time after his marriage, Mr. Shirar traded his forty acres of land for eighty acres which his father had owned. He now has fifty-four acres.

Mr. and Mrs. George W. Shirar have had ten children, six of whom are now living, as follow: George F., Lydia, Israel, Mary J., Charles A., and Eli S. All of the children have been married. George W. is a wellknown farmer.

Mr. Shirar has been a member of the Lutheran church all his life, hav¬ ing joined the church in Ohio. In 1848 he transferred his membership to Camden, Indiana, and has been active in church work and has been a liberal supporter of religious enterprises all his life. He has served as an elder in the church and is today one of its oldest members. His wife also became a member of the same church on February 23, 1852, under Rev. McReynolds. Formerly he was a member of the Grange. Mr. Shirar voted for Abraham Lincoln in i860, and has voted the Republican ticket ever since. He is devotedly attached to the party of Lincoln and to its platforms and candidates.

George Wagoner

To write the personal record of men who have raised themselves from humble circumstances to positions of trust in a community, is no ordinary pleasure. Self-made men, men who have achieved success by reason of their personal qualities and who have left the impress of their individuality upon the business development of their home community, perform an inval¬ uable service and unwittingly, perhaps, build monuments more enduring than marble obelisks or granite shafts. Such a man is George Wagoner, a retired farmer of Flora, Indiana, who removed to the town in October, 1912, and now lives on East Columbia street. Mr. Wagoner was born in Carrollton township, Carroll county, Indiana, on February 19, 1846, and is the son of Martin and Rosam (Martin) Wagoner, the former of whom was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. Martin Wagoner was the father of twelve children, five sons of whom were living in 1915. The fam¬ ily originally consisted of six daughters and six sons. Of the living chil¬ dren, Isaac N. is a farmer in Carroll county; Henry C. is a resident of Flora; George is the subject of this sketch; David M. is a farmer in Carroll county, and William F. resides in Flora.

George Wagoner spent his boyhood days on the home farm, attending the district schools of the neighborhood. Generally speaking, he worked on the farm' during the summer and attended the schools during the winter, until about eighteen years old. He remained at home until reaching his majority.

When he was twenty-one years old, Mr. Wagoner took the lease of twenty acres of land to clear for four crops. This proved to be a very profitable experiment and afterwards he and his brother Henry took another lease of Mr. Barber of twenty acres, which Mr. Wagoner subsequently purchased. With Henry he bought eighty acres of land, and afterwards traded his interest in the home place for forty acres of this tract. He acquired further land and he now owns a magnificent farm of one hundred and sixty-five acres arid one which is highly productive, and also has prop¬ erty in Flora.

who was born in Carroll county, in 1853, and whose father was Hezekiah Cook. Mrs. Wagoner was reared in the same neighborhood as her husband and they knew each other from childhood.

To Mr. and Mrs. Wagoner have been born four children, namely: Edward D., who is a physician and surgeon at Burrows, Indiana; Stella M. is a graduate of the Wheeling schools and the wife of K. R. Flora, and the mother of five children; Roscoe married Roxie Barnard and lives in Mon¬ roe township; Edith M. is unmarried and lives at home with her parents.

Mr. and Mrs. George Wagoner are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Wagoner is one of the trustees and is an active member and one of the most liberal supporters of the church. Politically, he belongs to the Prohibition party, being an implacable foe of the liquor traffic and an ardent believer in temperance.

James L. Shuey

In these days of competition and business strife, it is only the "hustler" who wins out, and it is to this class belongs the subject of this sketch. Although still in the prime of life, James L. Shuey has so ably managed his agricultural interests that he is enabled to reap the fruits of his labors at an age far earlier than that of the average farmer. Making up his mind at the beginning of his career to make "short work of a bad bargain," he not only took advantage of every opportunity for advancement, but he saw to it that opportunities were standing two rows deep, waiting to be pre¬ sented.

James L. Shuey, farmer, Rockfield, Rock Creek township, Carroll county, was born on August 15, 1868, in Champaign county, Illinois, and is a son of Daniel and Jerusha (Ply) Shuey. His father died when he was but four years old. He was reared in Carroll county, Indiana, attended the public schools at Rockfield, and when he arrived at manhood's estate, he was absolutely without funds, but his makeup had the ring of the true metal, and he is now enabled to wave the flag of victory in the face of adversity, owning a fine tract of one hundred and three acres of land, all in a splendid state of cultivation.

Mr. Shuey gives his support to the Republican party, in which he has been active for many years, while religiously, he is a member of the Christion church at Rockfield, where he serves as one of the deacons. Frater¬ nally, he is a member of Rockfield Lodge No. 301, Independent Order of

Odd Fellows, of which he is past grand, and the encampment past chief patriarch. He was elected trustee of his township in 1914, and is still serv¬ ing in that capacity, taking a deep interest in the advancement of his com¬ munity.

Daniel Shuey, father of James L., was born in Wabash county, Indi¬ ana, and his wife, Jerusha (Ply) Shuey, was born in the same state. They moved at an early date to Champaign county, Illinois, but returned to Wabash county, and at a later date, moved to Carroll county. His death occurred in Illinois.

James L. Shuey was united in marriage to Ella Smith, daughter oi Ephraim Smith. She was born in Carroll county, receiving her education at the public schools. This union has been blessed with three children, Ethel, who was united in marriage with Bert Hayes, and lives in Washing¬ ton township, Cass county, Indiana; Myrtle is a high school student, and Irma.

Mr. Shuey is held in high esteem as a desirable citizen in the commun¬ ity in which he resides. His pleasant home is located a quarter of a mile north of Rockfield, Indiana.

George Small

Responding to the call of the West, the lure of the farther boundaries, James Small, a grandson of James Small, who was a soldier of the Ameri¬ can Revolution, left his ancestral home in Jackson, Washington county, New* York, in 1832, and walking ever westward, over mountain and valley and plain, came to Carroll county and here he found what his eyes had been seeking - a land very promising and good to look upon. Entering his claim to two hundred and twenty acres of the fine hard-timber land in section 1, at the northern edge of Adams township, in this county, he turned his face to the east and walked back to his home in New York state, taking a good report of what he had found back in Indiana. Seeking a companion to share the good fortune which he confidently believed awaited him in the West, the next spring, on March 19, 1833, James Small was united in mar¬ riage to Sarah Nelson, a daughter of Simon and Lucy (Stockwell) Nelson, and a cousin of Samuel Nelson, justice of the New York supreme court, and on May 1 they left New York, proceeding by lake and canal to Peru, Indiana, at that time the head of canal nayigation, where they bought a small boat and putting* their furniture into it sailed down the Wabash to a point about two and one-half miles south of the farm which had been entered the year before and presently had their home established in Adams township. Their first home was a log cabin, but when gradually the rough edges of pioneer living had been smoothed somewhat, this humble home gave way to a more pretentious and commodious dwelling, built throughout of finished walnut, the lumber for which was sawed from the giant walnut trees with which the homestead tract abounded; and that house is standing today, its timbers as firm as on the (lav they were laid. There James Small and his wife spent the rest of their lives and the home they erected with such scrupulous care is still in the family, being occupied today by George Small, their eldest child and only son, the subject of this biographical sketch, who celebrated with his good wife, the sixtieth anniversary of his marriage on November 22, 1915.

When James Small settled in Adams township there were no roads in that region and the few inhabitants marked their ways by making gashes on the trees - "blazing*' their way. Lurking in the depths of those magnifi¬ cent forests, the big gray wolves were plentiful. Out of this deep forest of walnut and hickory, beech and maple and giant oak, James Small cut his farm, burning the timber which, if available now, would be worth a fortune. This pioneer found hardships and difficulties which, to the present genera¬ tion no doubt would seem insuperable, but strong arms and a stout heart prevailed and a place was made for the coming generations. James Small was among the foremost and most honored pioneers of that section. He brought to the forest wilderness practical Yankee knowledge and experience which his widely separated neighbors soon learned to rely on, and it is undoubted that his influence in that community did very much toward bring¬ ing about proper conditions of social and economic life in the formative period of the now prosperous and established farming region. He and the woman who was ever at his side, a true pioneer helpmate, long have lain in the Idaville cemetery, resting well after the stern labors which their hands found to do, and the fourth generation of their descendants in that com¬ munity finds conditions of living immeasurably easier for their having striven - "blazing the way."

James Small was born in Jackson, Washington county, New York, on March 19, 1805, the eldest of the six children of George and Janet (Lourie) Small, both natives of that same county. George Small, born on March 3, 1782, was the second son of James and Ann (Beveridge) Small, both na¬ tives of Scotland, who came to America in 1774, settling in Cambridge, Washington county, New York, where they were later married. James

Small was born in County Perth in 1749, son of William and Anne (Stew¬ art) Small, and Ann Beveridge was born in Strathmiglo, Fifeshire, in 1755, daughter of George and Janet (Lourie) Beveridge. Her brother, Andrew Beveridge, was the 'grandfather of Gen. John Lourie Beveridge, former gov¬ ernor of the state of Illinois, and a cousin of the great-grandfather of former United States Senator Albert J. Beveridge, of Indiana. James Small served in the patriot army during the Revolutionary War as a member of Colonel Van Woert's Regiment (Sixteenth Albany County) New York Militia. He died on August 13, 1827, and his widow died on June 10, 1830.

James Small, the Carroll county pioneer, grandson of the patriot sol¬ dier, whose name he bore, was united in marriage on October 19, 1826, in Argyle, Washington county, New York, to Mary Livingston Robertson, daughter of Gilbert and Elizabeth (Dow) Robertson, and to this union one child was born, a son, Gilliert, born on February 7, 1828, whose mother died eight days later. Reared by his maternal grandparents, Gilbert Small was educated for the ministry and in 1849 was graduated from Union Col¬ lege. After preaching for a time in the East, the Rev. Gilbert Small became pastor of the United Presbyterian church at North Liberty, Ohio, remain¬ ing there two years, during which time he was united in marriage, Febru¬ ary 24, 1857, to Helen A. Munroe, who died on April 23, 1858, leaving a daughter, Mary Livingston, who died in her twentieth year. In 1858 Rev. Gilbert Small became pastor of the United Presbyterian church at Indian¬ apolis, and on November 3, of that same year, married, secondly, Frances A. Garrett, to which union four children were born, namely: Dr. Harry E., who married Anna Lisk and who died at Detroit, Michigan, on May 9, 1913, leaving one daughter, Cecile Livingston; William R. and Albert G. (twins), of Indianapolis, the former of whom married Ella L. Childs and has one son, Gilbert, and the latter of whom married Mary O. Allen and has two children, Donald G. and Vivien A., the latter of whom married Henry Holt, Jr., and has a daughter, Eleanor V., and Stella R., who married John A. MacArthur, of Albany, New York, and has two children, William R. and Frances G.

For nine years Rev. Gilbert Small was engaged in the gospel ministry at Indianapolis, at the end of which time, in the fall of 1867, he moved to Idaville, a pleasant village just north of the Carroll county line, in White county, near which place his father had located years before, and where was then the largest numerically organized congregation of United Presby¬ terians in the state of Indiana. For thirteen years he served as pastor of that church and then, securing dismission from the United Presbyterian communion, transferred his connection to the Presbyterian church and for years supplied vacancies in pulpits not too remote from his home in Idaville, three of these charges having been those at Burrows, Rockfield and Rockcreek, in this county. His wife died on April 27, 1887, and on May 23, 1888, he married Mrs. Emma Buchanan Sanderson, who survives him, his death having occurred at his home in Idaville on July 20, 1904.

As set out in a previous paragraph, James Small married, secondly, Sarah Nelson, his constant helpmate during their years of residence in this county, and to this union three children were born, as follow: George, born on June 2, 1834; Mary Ann, January 25, 1836, and Janet, March 12, 1839. James Small died on April 13, 1864, and his widow survived him many years, her death not occurring until May 10, 1886.

George Small, the immediate subject of this sketch, was reared on the home farm and has lived there all his life, being one of the best-known and most substantial residents of the northern part of the county. He received his elementary education in the neighborhood school near his home, finish¬ ing at the old Burnettsville Academy, and on November 22, 1853, was united in marriage to Mary Eldridge, who was born in Shelby county, Ohio, on May 7, 1836, daughter of Elijah and Elizabeth (Gibson) Eldridge, both natives of that county, who were the parents of seven children, namely Prudence, long since deceased, who married Thomas Beard, upon whose death she married, secondly, Thomas Barnes, one of the best known and most influential men of his day in the Idaville neighborhood; James, de¬ ceased ; Levi, deceased ; Mary, who married Mr. Small ; Margaret, deceased, who had married George I. Barnes; Isabelle, deceased, and John, a former well-known resident of the Burnettsville neighborhood, who was killed in a farm accident thirteen years or more ago.

To George and Mary (Eldridge) Small ten children have been born, as follow: Sarah Margaret, born on July 27, 1857, married John O. Camp¬ bell, of Lafayette, Indiana, and now lives at East St. Louis, Illinois; Janet A., December 24, 1858, who died on May 14, 1884; James, January 3, 1861, a prominent merchant of Idaville, married Nancy Barnes; Mary Belle, September 22, 1862, who died on March 29, 1876; Fannie A., September 1, 1864, living at Idaville, widow of Benjamin F. Ginn, who was killed in a railway accident on January 18, 1905, has three living children, Bertha, wife of A. T. Sink, of Detroit, Michigan; Merle, wife of Ray Hinshaw, of Monticello, Indiana, and Francis, who lives at Burnettsville; Ida E., Octo¬ ber 29, 1866, married Charles Johnsonbaugh, who operates the Small farm, and has two living children, Jennie Merle and Goldie Faye; Elizabeth. Feb- ruary 27, 1869, married Frank Graham, a well-known farmer of the Burnettsville neighborhood, and has five living children, Ralph, George, Virdin, John and Leona; John X., February 25, 1872, associated with his brother, James, in business at Idaville, married Margaret Davidson and has one son, William Dwight; George T., January 12, 1877, who died on April 5, 1914, and Edwin, September 3, 1878, who died on December 31, 1878.

Mary Ann Small, eldest daughter of James and Sarah (Nelson) Small, was united in marriage on April 2, 1855, to Hugh B. Knickerbocker, a native of New York state, who at that time was a teacher in the old Burnettsville Academy, and to this union two children were born, Janet, who married Newton Tovvnslev, a well-known farmer of Adams township, and John H. When the Civil War broke out, Hugh B. Knickerbocker returned to his old home in New York and aided in the enlistment of the Fortythird Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry, and was made captain of Company D, of that regiment, at the head of which he served valorously until he was killed in the battle of Chancellors ville on May 3, 1863. His widow died at her home, in Adams township, on August 30, 1880. Janet Small, her sister, was well known as a teacher in the Burnettsville schools in the early part of her life. She remained a spinster and died at her home, a portion of the old homestead, on August 13, 1910.

George Small has lived all his life on the farm on which he was born and owns one hundred and two acres of as choice land as there is in Carroll county, the same being his portion of the tract entered by his father in 1832, and which has been brought to a high state of cultivation. About fifteen years ago Mr. Small retired from the active management of the farm, since which time it has been operated by his son-in-law, Charles Johnsonbaugh, who lives in a house nearby the old home. Mr. and Mrs. Small are among the most highly esteemed residents of that part of Carroll county, ever having been active in all good works thereabout.

James Small, the pioneer, and his wife were among the leaders in the old Seceder church at Cedarville and their children were reared in accord¬ ance with the rigid tenets of that faith, but in 1858, upon the union of the - Associate and Associate Reform churches, a merger was effected between the Seceder church at Cedarville and the United Presbyterian church at Idaville and the Small family ever since has been connected with the latter church and for more than forty years George Small has served the congre¬ gation at Idaville as a deacon, being held in the highest respect by all asso¬ ciated with that locally influential organization.

large measure of their former physical vigor and continue to take a deep interest in local affairs. From the date of the organization of the Repub¬ lican party to the formation of the Progressive party in 1912, Mr. Small had been an ardent Republican, but since then has been inclined to cast the weight of his political allegiance in behalf of the Progressives. He is a good citizen and an excellent neighbor, being regarded as one of the most substantial men in that part of the county in which his whole life has been spent. He has lived to see amazing changes in the methods of farm life and has contributed his share to the world's work, having ever played well the part of a useful man.

Robert Kirkpatrick

Robert Kirkpatrick is one of the few men who got their start in life through their pay for services rendered during the Civil War. With such a liberal working ftmd in those sturdy pioneer days, a man considered him¬ self favored beyond the average, as indeed he was, and while his labors were not lessened, his mind was not burdened with worry for his imme¬ diate future, as were many of the early settlers, who had only the clothing they wore.

Robert Kirkpatrick, farmer, who lives on route No. I, Flora, Indiana, was born May 22, 1836, in Carrollton township, one and a half miles south of where he now resides, and is a son of Benjamin and Hannah (McCain) Kirkpatrick. He grew to manhood on the old home farm, which he helped to clear and improve. When the Civil War broke out, Mr. Kirkpatrick enlisted in the Twenty-fourth Indiana Battery, September 20, 1862, and was mustered out August 3, 1865. He was with Sherman from 1863 1864, and later with Thomas, and never had a scratch. He was duty ser¬ geant, and led the battery on the fields. After he was mustered out, he returned to Carroll county, took unto himself a wife, resumed agricultural pursuits, and became very prosperous, owning at one time almost five hun¬ dred acres of land. With the five hundred dollars saved up during his service in the army, he purchased real estate, which he later sold to good advantage, and with his mature insight into business matters, he rapidly became wealthy, and has put valuable improvements on his present home place, where he has lived a great many years.

On account of his advancing age he has divided most of his property among his children and is now living retired. Mr. Kirkpatrick also receives a good pension. He has always voted the Democratic ticket, but has never been greatly interested in politics, the one office which he has held, being that of township supervisor. Religiously, he is a member of the Cumber¬ land Presbyterian church of Wheeling, Indiana.

Benjamin Kirkpatrick, father of Robert, was born in Pennsylvania, and came to Butler county, Ohio, where he was united in marriage to Han¬ nah McCain. They came to Carroll county in 1832 and settled on the farm where our subject was born. Here they entered eighty acres of timber land, and after clearing a little spot, built a log cabin. Mr. Kirkpatrick was the first settler in the township, and never left his home place to remain any length of time, until he was taken away to his final resting place. At the time of his death, he owned two hundred acres of land in all. Politi¬ cally, he was always a stanch Democrat. Ten children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Kirkpatrick, only two of whom are living in 1915 - Anna, who became the wife of Alonzo Bone, and lives in Young America, and Robert.

Robert Kirkpatrick was united in marriage, September, 1869, to Miss Nancy M. Wilson, daughter of James and Nancy (Powers) Wilson. She was born May 15, 1848, in Howard county, Indiana, and was educated in the public schools of the district. They have had seven children, three of, whom were living in 1915, Orion L. Kirkpatrick, who is a prosperous farmer in Carrollton township; Iva Lenora, who became the wife of A. J. Wickard, of Carroll county, and Willis E. Kirkpatrick, also a farmer of Carrollton township.

Mr. Kirkpatrick is a quiet, unassuming man, and an honorable citizen of Carrollton township, where he has spent his entire life, &nd is esteemed by all who know him.

Roscoe J. Musselman

Among the self-made citizens of Carrollton township, we find the name of Roscoe J. Musselman, who has successfully withstood the drawbacks and discouragements attendant upon a life in the rural district, without the necessary funds with which to pursue his chosen vocation. Having his mark set at a certain height, Mr. Musselman allowed nothing to thwart his final efforts toward success, and deserves a place of honor in the history of Carroll county.