Clark County, Indiana - Biographical sketches, 1909 (part 14 of 15)

Our subject is honest in all his business dealings and always ready to do his part in promoting the well-being of the community at large and because of his sterling attributes of character he is held in high regard in the county where his useful life has been spent.

James D. Kiger

During the last century one of the most significant facts in tlie movements among civilized nations was the great influx of immigrants into America from European shores. One condition in many of the European countries that led to this movement of their citizens to other lands was the strict military requirements made necessary by the war-like attitude of the powers toward each other. Many of the best people made it a point to bid farewell to the home-land in order to avoid a long tenn of militaiy service either in active warfare or in the regular militia. Among other countries thus affected, Austria was one, being often engaged in open warfare with neighboring powers. or continuing for the most part under hostile relations with some one of them. One of their citizens that emigrated to America early in the century was Joseph Kiger, the grandfather of the subject of the present review, James D. Kiger, of Clark county. Indiana. Joseph Kiger was bom on June lo, 1783. near Vienna, Austria, and after coming to America, was joined in marriage, February 22. 1820, to Maria B. Calfshead, who was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, August 15, 1795. They were the parents of the following children: Casper, Catherine L., Christina, John P., James D.. Sarah A. and Mary J. Of this family Christina attained the greatest age. having reached her eightythird year before death overtook her.

James D. Kiger, our subject, was born in Charlestown township, Clark county, Indiana, on the 24th of November, 1857. His father, James D., was born in Utica township, same county, on the 14th of March, 1829. His mother, Lucy J. (Bottorff) Kiger. became a widow before our subject was born, and later she was again married.

James remained at home until he was nineteen years of age, and received a common school education. He was a boy of steady habits, industrious and economical. Whenever opportunity offered, he worked out and saved his earnings, and in this way as he grew to manhood he acquired the habit of frugality. which has characterized him in his later years.

On May 3. 1882, he was married to Elizabeth K. Spriestersbach, daughter of George Spriestersbach. Elizabeth was bom in Charlestown, on the 13th of July, 1861, and received her education in the public schools of her native city. They began their married life on the farm where they now live, which embraces two hundred eighty-eight and one-half acres. This farm shows the fruits of good management and close application to work. The improvements are all first class, the soil is kept in excellent condition and the crops are such as any producer may well be proud of.

In conjunction with the farming of the lands, Mr. Kiger has devoted some attention to stock raising. In this he has also had singular success, for he has given close study to the problem of getting good results with the minimum of expense.

Four children have been born of this union, viz: Georgia B., born February 28, 1883: Jessie ]M.. born June 8. 1885. Claude 'SI., born December 23. 1887. and John P., l5orn August 15, 1891. Jesse and Claude graduated from the Charlestown high school, the former in 1905 and the latter in 1907. Claude is now at Purdue University taking the agricultural course, having shown an aptitude for this branch of study, an<l a strong desire to do research work. John P. died October 17, 1893. and Georgia B. died April 8, 1896.

]Mr. and ]\Irs. Kiger are members oi the Presbyterian church, and are loyal supporters (if the cause, giving freely not only of their means but their time, as well. Mr. Kiger has for many years been one of the deacons in the church. Although politically a Democrat. i\Ir. Kiger does not place party above principle, and stands first of all for a just and economic administration of all public affairs.

The gentleman whose name furnishes the caption for this article is one who is well known in Clark county, and is held in high esteem for his sterling characteristics and unassuming demeanor. I\Ir. Faris was bom in Charlestown township, on the 22d of September, 1872. He was the son of Dr. W. W. and Sarah (Coombs) Faris. and the grandson of Capt. John Faris. The latter was a participant in the Indian wars of the ^Middle West, and became famous as an Indian fighter. He took part in the battle of Tippecanoe, under Gen. William Heiuy Harrison, and was an efficient sharp-shooter and frontier scout. He married Rebecca Work and to them were born Willis, Mrs. Dr. John Baird. Mrs. Faris, of Princeton, Indiana; Robert (deceased) and Dr. W. W. Faris. father of our subject. Doctor Faris attended the Chestnut Street ]\Iedical College of Louisville, Kentucky, having previously graduated from the Sturgus Academy of Charlestown. He followed teaching for several years, and became interested in civil engineering. This latter subject became so attractive to him that he began to make it a special study, and in time gave up the practice of medicine almost entirely. He served as County Surveyor of Clark county for twenty years, and took up the management of a farm in conjunction with his official duties. He became the owner of about six hundred acres of land and became well fixed financially. His death occurred March 5, 1895. He is still sui-vived by his wife. The three children of this family were: John M.. Jesse C, and our subject. William W. was educated in the neighboring district schools and later attended the Charlestown high school, from which he graduated in 1891. He then entered Hanover College, and was in attendance there until he reached the sophomore year.

Hon. Willis L. Barnes. She was born on the 4th of June. 1876. and is a woman of excellent tastes and good education. Two children have been born of this nnion. viz: Jesse C, born June 25. 1896, and Arthnr \\'.. born August 13, 1902. The memliers of this family are affiliated with the Christian denomination.

Mr. Faris operates his own farm of one hundred eighty acres, and also the parental estate upon wliich his mother still resides. His home is a splendid illustration of what can be accomplished by judicious management and untiring energv. and is recognized as a model farm by his friends and neighbors. He is a man of few words and affiliates with the Democratic party, but has never had any aspirations for political prominence. As a citizen, his conduct has been that of a loyal patriot, standing at all times for those views that make for the welfare of the commnnity at large.

Mr. Faris's brother, John M., is connected with the United States War Department, and is storekeeper, now stationed at Fort Benjamin Harrison at Indianapolis.

Thomas Jeffersox Lewman

Descended from a line of hard}- pioneers, Thomas J. Lewman is an excellent representative of that type of men who have made themselves masters over circumstances. He was born in Charlestown township, Clark county, Indiana, on the 26th of October, 1846, being the son of IMilas and Xancy ( Prather) Lewman, and grandson of Moses Lewman. Milas Lewman was born in X'orth Carolina in 1807, and was twelve years old when he came to Indiana, with his parents, making his home in Utica township, this connty. The means of the familv were quite limited, their only worldly possessions being the few things that were brought in the wagon in which they made their overland journey.

The familv of INIoses Lewman consisted of four boys, John, Silas, Milas and Isaiah, and three girls, Celia, Elizabeth and Xancy. These children were thrown largely upon their own responsibility, Moses Lewman having died two years after arriving in Clark county, and were thus made to stand face to face with the problem of making their own way in the world. In this way they all made a most commendable showing, as the mother was permitted to see the day when all of her children were comfortably settled in homes of their own. This did not come easy, as anyone familiar with such undertakings will admit, for it meant years of hard work, steady application and untiring grit. The mother, Elizabeth (Cash) Lewman, died in Utica, at the advanced age of ninety-five years.

neighbors as industrious and economical, mal<ing every move count and wasting no time on theories or speculations. He was a man of considerable independence of thought, and after making up his mind as to what he deemed right, did not hesitate to stand upon his own convictions. Up to the time of the Civil war, he had been a Democrat in politics, but he then saw fit to change his views, and cast his influence from that time on with the Republican party. He passed to his reward on November 19. 1887, having been preceded by his wife in 1886. The latter was the daughter of Judge Samuel Prather, a man widely known for his efficiency on the bench.

Milas and Nancy Lewman were the parents of five children, viz : Samuel P., deceased; Thomas J., our subject; Elizabeth R., wife of Phestus Bowen, of Charlestown township; Edith, wife of William P. Hughes, and Nancy, widow of James Smith.

Our subject was reared on the farm where he now lives. He helped to clear much of the land and had a hand in bringing a large part of it under cultivation. His boyhood experiences were not unlike those common to the times. He attended the district school in_ the winter time, and received a good common school education. Upon reaching maturity he was married to Man,' E. Steelman, daughter of James Steelman. She was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1854 and came to Indiana in 1856. Her father died May 5, 1909, in Charlestown township, having acquired the advanced age of ninety-five years.

Mr. Lewman and wife are the parents of two children: Cash A., born March 7, 1885, and Frank S., born October 14, 1887. The former has been joined in marriage to Susan M. Bottorff.

The religious affiliations of this family have been with the Christian denomination. Mr. Lewman is an elder in the Bethany church of Charlestown township, and has been for years superintendent of the Sunday school. In politics he is identified with the Republican party, but he has never aspired to office, feeling that his time was all needed in giving proper attention to his business affairs. He takes great pride in his home, making that the chief object of his thought and care. A visit to his residence will convince one at once that he has succeeded in this to a most satisfactoi-y degree, having all the conveniences and improvements that are needed for the comforts of his remain-

Edward Covert

The history of this family presents the characteristics of industry, honesty, frugality and patriotism, all of which are strongly marked in Edward Covert, who is a native of Clark county, Indiana, where he was born November 20, 1843, being descended from a line of ancestors noted for an enterprising spirit that hesitated at no difficulties, however numerous and formidable.

Luke Covert, great-great-grandfather of onr subject, was bom in New Jersey, whither his ancestors had come when emigrating to America from Northern Holland. They sailed aboard the Puritan, which name was given the bay and river where the passengers landed in 1650 and founded the little town which afterward assumed the same name. Luke Covert ended his days in New Jersey, and was laid away in the land of his adoption. His son, Daniel Covert, great-grandfather of Dur subject, was a gunsmith in Washington's army, and contributed Icjyal and patriotic service to the cause of continental independence. His home lay in the neighborhood of historic Monmouth, famous as one of the spots upon which was waged the conflict in behalf of the American cause. In fact Daniel Covert owned part of the land on which the battle was fought.

After the close of the Revnlutionarv war the familv removed to the West, emigrating first to Ohio, later to Kentucky, and finally coming to Clark county, Indiana, in 1797, where Daniel Covert died in 1803. His son, Peter Covert grandfather of our subject, resided in Clark county as a farmer for many years. He reached a ripe old age, going to his reward on April 15, 1857. He reared a large family, one of whom, Henry, was the father of our subject, and was married to !Mary Cortner, January 5, 1843. To this union were born six children, ,as follows: Edward: Sarah, wlio became the wife of S. W. Evans; Elijah, of Jennings county, Indiana; Emaline, deceased wife of John W. Hanlin ; Addie, born in 1856, wife of James W. Hart, living now in Scott county, and Julia, now deputy post mistress at Otisco. Indiana.

Our subject was reared upon the farm and received such education as was afforded by the district schools of the vicinity, taking later some work at the Sturgus Academy. While at the academy the Civil war was in progress and Edward joined the cause of the Union, in 1865 becoming a member of the One Hundred Forty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He remained in the service till the close of the war, his principal duties consisting of guarding railroad bridges and sharing the vicissitudes incident to the life of the men who took up their station in behalf of the flag. The war being concluded, Mr. Covert returned to his home and embraced the opportunity afforded to continue his education at the Charlestown high school.

On December 26, 1872, our subject was joined in marriage to Mary C. Beckett, a most estimable young lady, members of whose family were pioneers in the county. She was called to her reward December ig, 1906, and was without children.

Mr. Covert has afliliated with the Demi:>cratic party and for many years had charge of the local post-office. He has also served as Justice of the Peace, for seven years. For twenty years he has had charge of the loca/ railroad agency, and express agent for twenty-eight years. In connection with these duties he has carried on to a limited extent his trade as a cobbler.

He is a meml)er of the Methodist churcli, taking- an active part in tlie church and Sunday scliool \vorl\. He is es])eciallv fond nf music, and <in accnunt nf natural talent lias lieen called on to look after the musical affairs pertaining to the chiu'ch activities.

Toseph M. Haas

The hiographies of the \'eterans of the Civil war are always interesting. This is due in part, no donht, to the share they had in one of the mightiest conflicts of modern times, and also to the period of our country's history in which they grew to manhood. Here in the Middle West the life of the times preceding the rehellion seems more romantic and full of \ariety and incident than the years following the war and since those (la\s are fast receding into the perspective of time, they are rapidly becoming surrounded with the twilight effect that lends charm to even the most commonplace of incidents.

On November 24, 1836, there was born in Lexington, Scott county, Indiana, Joseph M. Haas. His father, Ezra Haas, was born at Woodstock, Virginia, and came to Scott county, Indiana, when c|uite a young man. He was a tanner liy trade and a very industrious citizen. He removed later, about 1850, to Clark county, where he ended his days. Joseph's mother, Mary (Schwitzer) Haas, was of Irish descent, and was the mother of nine children, only two of wliom, our subject and a brother, James A., are surviving. Both of these .sons participated in the Civil war, Josei)h joining the Fourth Indiana Cavalry and James enlisting in the Twelfth Indiana Battery.

Our subject enlisted in 1862 and served until the close of the war. The pioneer experiences of his boyhood had develoi)ed in him the spirit of cotu'age and presence of mind under danger and he went into the field of battle without liesitancy or thought of personal concern. He participated in many of the historic conflicts, among others being the ones at Chattanooga and Ch.ickamauga. At Nashville he received a com])(innd fracture in the left limlj. which disabled him for a while, but he took his place among his comrades as soon as able. The cavalry to which he belonged became a part of the Army of the Cumberlan<I and e\])erienced the vicissitudes incident to the menioral.)le campaigns waged liy that noted liody of men.

.\fter the w.nr closefl Mr. Haas returned to the family honiestead in Clark county and de\'oted himself to fanning and sti:ck nusing. Through untiring industry and diligent a])plication he has made for himself an attractive home in Ch.arlestown townshi]). This, with a small go\ernment pension. places within his reach the comforts of life and he is content t(^ li\'e out the remainder of his days in the sunshine of the ild I hiosier state one of his sisters. Although a Republican, he has made no effort to enter the political arena, being content to live the life of an exemplary citizen. He has always had a fondness for hunting- and in early days when wild game was still al)undant nothing gave him more satisfaction than to shoulder his rilfe and take to the woods. At one time he made an overland trip to Missouri, and Iowa, and made hunting one of the features of the excursion. This exi)erience afforded him much enjoyment, and one over which he delights to reflect.

As a member of the Grand Army of the Repul)lic, Mr. Haas has shown the same genuine loyalty that has characterized him in all of his associations, and he holds a secure iilace in the esteem of neighbors and associates.

William M. Deuser

William M. Denser, of Charlestown, Clark county, is a man of some sixty-five years. All his life has Ijeen associated with the township in which he lives, and it is no exaggeration to say that he knows every nook and corner of it and every one of the older inhabitants. Through life he has worked hard and industriously and can now enjoy the eventide of life at the expense of very little energy. He is still robust and hearty, allowing for the advance of age.

William M. Denser was born in Charlestown on June 6, 1843, Ijeing the son of Jacob and Barbara (Schleichten) Denser. Both were native born Germans who about the year 1833 settled in Charlestown. and here they met one another and married. Jacob Denser helped to build the Charlestown court house and upon its completion he moved onto a farm in the township a short distance from Charlestown. Here he and his wife lived the remainder of their lives. Mrs. Denser survived her husband, her death taking place two years later. Ten children were born to them, of whom there are nine living, and all but one live in the vicinity of Charlestown. They are; George, W^illiam M., Christenia. Amelia, IMaggie, Jacob, Jr., Charles, Joseph. Eva. and Maggie, the latter (deceased). Jacob Denser was a man who had the rq)utation of being a money maker. He owned at one time about three hundred acres of land. He afterwards went to Missom^i but later returned to Charlestown, where he died. In religion he was a member of the Presbyterian church while his wife was a member of the Catholic faith. Jacob Denser was all through life a Democrat in politics.

William M. Denser was reared in and around Charlestown and lal)ured there on his father's farm. He attended the countiy school and also school at Louisville and obtained a fair education. On reaching manhood he married Mary Lori, and one child, ^^'illiam, resulted from the marriage. \\'il-

Ham has now entered upon a successful career in the hardware business in Louisville, Kentucky. In after years he married secondly, Barbara Deutchman and to this union were born the following children: George, now in the flour business in Charlestown ; Charles, a barber, in Chattanooga, Tennessee ; Lillian ]\Iargaret, wife of Fred Lutz, of Charlestown ; and Dortha. All belong to the Presbyterian church.

In politics our subject is a Democrat and an active and faithful party worker. During the Civil war period he was not inactive When war was declared he volunteered and went into service as a carpenter in which capacity he served for about two years.

William M. Denser owns fourteen acres of choice land just outside of Charlestown on which he resides. He has the reputation, as had his father before him, of being a good business man. He is a man of means and has been quite successful in his farming pursuits. He is an intelligent type of farmer. He has traveled extensively, and the impressions made upon him bv the outside world have been turned to good account by his observant mind. The fact that his children are coming to the front in their vocations has added much to the happiness of his later years. ]\Irs. Denser is a constant companion to her husband and her attention and help have been of much importance to him.

S. P. Kelly

S. P. Kelly, farmer and notary public of Bethlehem township, Clark county, is a man of much influence and a widely respected resident of the district in which he lives. He is the descendant of an old Virginia family, one of whom in the person of his grandfather, Samuel Kelly, migrated to Kentucky, coming thence to Clark county, Lidiana, where he settled and was the first man buried in Ross cemetery ; his interment taking place on the 6th of November, 1806. The Kelly family were militant Whigs until the birth of the Republican party. Since that time all members of the family have consistently followed the fortunes of the party at present in power. S. P. Kelly has traveled outside his own state, is of an observant disposition, and, consequently, a cultured and well posted citizen. He has for many years been prominently connected with the most influential fraternal organizations of the state, and has a host of friends in fraternal circles and throughout Clark county.

The subject of our notice was born in Bethlehem township in the house in which he now lives on the 22d of November, 1850. He was the son of Samuel and Harriett Kelly, the latter a cousin of her husband. Samuel Kelly was born in Bethlehem township, Clark county, Indiana, and he grew up in the immediate neighborhood of Bethlehem township. Grandfather

Samuel Kelly was born in Virginia, and, as we have already stated, came to Kentucky and afterwards to Clark county. Indiana, where he entered land in quarter-section Xo. 35, southwest, township No. 2, range No. 9 east. Samuel and Harriett Kelly had the following children born to them : S. P. Kelly. John H., Emma and Harriett A. Our subject and his sister, Harriett A., are the only suniving members.

S. P. Kelly was reared on the farm and helped his parents in the fann work. In wintertime he attended the district school and got a fair common school education. He married Sarah A. ]\Iatthews, who was bom in Bethlehem township on the 25th of April, 1853. Five children were born of their marriage as follows : Ellen ]\I., who is the wife of Ira C. Dean, lives in Bethlehem township: Clara E. is the wife of Charles Jameson, of Bethlehem township : Hattie F. is unmarried and lives at home : Ira ^I. is also unmarried and lives at home. Hattie is a graduate of the district common school.

For seventeen years after his marriage our subject conducted a flour mill. He then came back on the family farm of one hundred and sixty acres which he now owns. He has been most successful in his farming pursuits. He is a respected member of the community and a trustee of the local Presbyterian church of which he and his family are active members. He is a member of the New ^^'ashington lodge. Free and Accepted Alasons, No. 167. He belongs to Bethlehem Lodge. No. 498, Knights of Pythias, and the Red ]\Ien of the Abenaki Tribe. No. 367. S. P. Kelly and his wife are members of the Pocahontas Council. No. 260, and Airs. Kelly is a member of the Pythian Sisters, No. 325, of which she is the treasurer. Our subject is a charter member of all the lodges with which he has been associated with the exception of the Red Men. He is a member of the K. of R. and S. since its inception. He became chief of records of the local Red Alen lodge on the night of its initiation.

In politics S. P. Kelly follows the example of his family and is a staunch Republican. In local affairs he is a member of the Advisory Board and its secretary. He has been a notary public since July i, 1890.

F. V. Hollow Ay

F. V. Holloway. of Bethlehem township, Clark county, is a well known farmer and a public man of worth and influence in the community. He has been for almost twenty-three years a resident of the county in wliich he lives, having come to Bethlehem township in the year 1885. Previous to that time he had spent his years in the state of Alissouri, where he made a name for himself both in private and public life.

He was bom in Cass county, Missouri, on the 27th of October, 1837. the son of Thomas and Martha (Secrest) HoUoway. His father was born in Tennessee in 1809. and went to Missouri in 1834. remaining there until his death which occurred in 1895. Grandfather HoUoway was an upright and honorable man and a native of Virginia of Scotch descent. Our subject's mother's family, the Secrests. were of German extraction, and natives of North Carolina. Martha Secrest married in Blount county, Tennessee, and went from there with her husband to Cass county, Missouri in 1834. Eight children were born to them, seven of whom grew to maturity. The subject of our sketch, and two sisters are the surviving members of the family: one sister is married to a Mr. Foster in Missouri.

F. V. HoUoway was reared upon his father's farm and assisted on the farm until his marriage, which took place in his twenty-second year. He received a common school education in the schools of his township in Missouri. He married ]Mary J. Cooper, of Missouri, and had a family of eight children. Thev are : James T., who died at the age of eight years : Ella F., who is the wife of James Hocker, of Missouri : ]\Iinnie, the wife of D. K. Elder, of Chicago, Illinois; Charles W., a resident of Kansas City, Missouri; May, who is the wife of Harry King, of Louisville, Kentucky: B. F. HoUoway is a farmer in Bethlehem township: A. F. lives near New Washington, Clark county, and is a farmer: and W. G. is single and li\-es at the family residence. All received a good common school education. F. V. Holloway's first wife died in 1883, and he has since married three times. His second wife died in 1899, and his third in 1903. He had no children by either. He married Anna M. Robertson, his present wife, oh the 14th of September, 1908. She was born in Jeffersonville. Indiana.

In his religious life F. V. HoUoway has been a consistent member of the Presbyterian church since 1854. and is an elder in the local church in Bethlehem township. His wife is also a member of the same faith. Our subject is well known in Masonic circles and is a member of New Washington Ludge, No. 164, Free and Accepted ]Masons, having been a member for fortynine years. He is also a member of Arcana Cduncil, Harrisonville, Missouri, and is a member of the Royal Arch Chapter and the Gouley Commandery at Butler, :\Iissouri. He served as master of Lodge No. 254, Free and Accepted Masons, at Butler, Missouri, for three years, and was district deputy grand master of Missouri for two years.

F. V. HoUoway came from Missouri to Clark county with his family in 1885. In politics he has been a life-long Democrat. He was County Treasurer of Bates county, Missouri, for four years, two terms. In 1898 he was elected Justice of the Peace of Bethlehem township and is serving in that capacity at the present time. The township usually is known to go Republican by twenty-eight votes, but, nevertheless, our subject was elected by a majority of eighteen although a Democrat. This, needless to say, speaks well for his popularity and worth as a citizen. He owns four hundred and eighty-three acres of prime land in the tnwnship which is worth a good figure. He is a stockholder in the State Bank at New Washington.

Turning back to the public record of our subject in ^Missouri, it might be mentioned that he was elected Treasurer of Bates county, Missouri, by a majority of two hundred votes on his first term. On his second term he got the appointment by a seven hundred and fifty majority. And this although the county is known to be Republican. He was candidate for Commissioner from the district on two occasions.

F. V. HoIIoway is now advanced in ^-ears and he can point with pride to his record as a man. as a father of a family, and as a pulilic spirited citizen.

James A. Baird

James A. Baird. who was part owner of the Baird Woolen Alills, came to Owen township, Clark county, with his father as a boy. From that time onward, through the years of his life, he was the recipient of his neighbors' friendship and good will. He established himself firmly in the industrial life of the community, and was a man of uprightness and probity : and one who never swerved from the settled path of duty.

The subject of our sketch was born in Lexington. Kentucky, in the year 1828. At the time of their arrival in Clark county his father built a woolen mill at the juncture of the cross-roads a short distance from the present family residence. James A. assisted his father in running the mill from his boyhood and made the venture a pronotmced success. The mill was known as the Baird woolen mill and, in later years, after the death of the elder Baird, it was changed to Baird Brothers, the name by which it went ever afterwards.

James A. Baird married Alartha Burton on the 19th of February, 1868, and a very happy domestic life was entered upon. Mrs. Baird is still living and is a comparatively young woman. She comes of an old and respected family, the Burtons of Virginia. She was born in Henry county, Kentucky, on ]\Iay 9, 1852, and was the daughter of Laban and Sarah ( Harris) Burton. Her parent, Laban Burton, was born in Virginia in 1807, came with his family to Kentucky, and lived in Henry and Madison counties. He married Sarah Harris, of Henry county, Kentucky, and had eight children, four of whom were living in 1909. They are: Everrel, wife of Russel Brent, living in Owen county, Kentucky ; Sarah, wife of T. J. McMillin, living in Illinois ; Linzey, living in Rosedale, Lidiana, and the wife of the subject of our sketch. Mrs. Martha Baird was reared upon her father's farm and on arrival at a proper age attended private school and got a common school education. During her married life she has reared a family of nine children. Almost all are now married and in prosperous circumstances. They are : Sarah A., born January 14, 1869, who is the wife of Marshall Cravens and is living in North Carolina : Mary S., born July 22. 1870, is the wife of John Goforth, living in Clark county ; Maggie B., born December 22, 1871. married Jesse L. Roberts, of Henry county, Kentucky; Carrie G., born September 12. 1873, lives in Kentucky and is unmarried; Relda A., born September 17, 1875, is the wife of Frank Stroker, of Henry county, Kentucky; William A., born October 28, 1877, married Claudie Dellinger (Mrs. William A. Baird was the daughter of William S. Dellinger) ; Cora E. was born October 29, 1879, and married Joseph Green, of Henry county, Kentucky; Daisy H. was born September 9. 1882, and married ^\'illiam Dowden, of Henry county, Kentucky, and John G., born December II, 1888, is unmarried and lives with his mother. All the girls, with the exception of Carrie G. and Mary S. were teachers. Both the boys and the girls were high school graduates; John G. was a graduate of the common school. Mrs. Baird and her son attend the local Methodist Episcopal church.

The Baird farm consists of one hundred and twenty acres of land in sections No. 27 and 28, Owen township. Mrs. Baird is a woman of a charitable disposition and as a neighbor she is considerate for others and hospitable. James A. Baird died December 11. 1904.

Edward S. Pernett, postmaster and well known business man of Bethlehem, Bethlehem township, has made a name and a reputation both as a citizen and as a progressive business man. Born in the year i860 he is but forty-eight years of age and has been connected with the business life of Bethlehem since his twenty-third year. His career during the past twenty-five years might well be called a series of victories over the usual obstacles which face the business man relying on his own resources and with very little capital. Edward S. Pernett started with a capital of something like eighty dollars; he is today worth thousands. His success in life has been due to nothing beyond the efforts which he put forth and the success-making characteristics which have marked him.

The subject of this notice was born on the 23d of January, i860, in Bethlehem, and was the son of Samuel and Naomi (Bowman) Pernett. Samuel Pernett was born in Mount Sterling, Switzerland county, Indiana, and was brought at the age of four years to Bethlehem. He attended the common schools of the township and afterwards graduated at Hanover College. At the age of twenty-four he entered the merchandise business and remained in that business in Bethlehem until his death, which occurred on the 19th of October. 1873. He was a successful man and became wealthy. His father, David Pernett, was a merchant and a hotel keeper. The business interests which he controlled were burned down in a disasterous conflagration which occurred in 1854.

Samuel Pernett married Naomi Bowman in his twenty-second year and became the father of Edward S., David E., Charles E., John S., Emma, and Eva Pernett.

Edward S. Pernett received a business training in his father's store and obtained a common school education. In the year 1883 he started in business in Bethlehem for himself in the general mercantile line on a shanty boat on the Ohio river with a stock worth eighty dollars. He prospered and added to his stock and later went into a building of his own with stock worth six thousand dollars. He was most successful in his new place of business and remained there until the 6th of November, 1908, when the place was destroyed by fire.

In the year 1884 the subject of our sketch married Estella A. Stewart who was born in Bethlehem township. Mrs. Pernett in her young days had a common school education and got a good home rearing. She bore her husband two children. Nellie was born in 1886, and is the wife of Halstead Murret, of Indianapolis. Inez, born in the year 1894, is a graduate of the common school and is unmarried. Edward S. Pernett, his wife, and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church and are active in church work. He is trustee of the local Methodist Episcopal church. He is active also in fraternal affairs and is a member of the New Washington Lodge, No. 167, Free and Accepted Masons, and the Knights of Pythias. He is a member of the Red Men's lodge at Bethlehem. He built the local Pvthian hall in the year 1902, being a charter member of same. In political affairs he is a Republican and has been active in local affairs. He served three terms as Trustee of his township. He is the present postmaster of Bethlehem, an office which he has filled for the past sixteen years.

Edward S. Pernett is part owner of the steamer "Alma" plying up and down the river, and at the organization of the State Bank at New \Vashington he became a large stock holder. He owns real estate at Elwood, Indiana, and he has also invested money in other interests of a minor character. As an important and trustworthy citizen he has been called upon at various times to act as administrator of several substantial estates and he has always acted in this capacity in creditable and satisfactory manner. He is an ad- ministrator of the J. ]M. Stewart estate?, Mr. Stewart being our subject's fatherin-law.

Allex A. Giltxer

Allen A. Giltner, of Betlileliem townsliip, Clark county, needs no introduction to the people of the township in which he was born and reared and among whom he has livetl. and very little to the people of Clark county in general. He is now in the seventy-fifth year of his existence and his record as a farmer is one to be proud of. He came of a sturdy race of farmers, agriculturists in Kentucky and Tennessee, and he brought from them all their tenacity of purpose and all their shrewdness and natural ability in grappling with land problems. Allen Giltner, living in semi-retirement under the roof that sheltered his father and mother before him, has the satisfaction of feeling that his present state of security has been obtained at the price of his own self-sacrificing efforts and in spite of obstacles that would dishearten one less courageous.

The subject of our sketch was born on the farm on which he now li\es in Bethlehem township, section Xo. i, north range lo east, on the 6th of February, 1833, .and was the son of Daniel and Elnora (Cummings) Giltner. Daniel Giltner was a native-born Iventuckian, the Giltner family coming from Pennsylvania to Kentucky, wdiere Daniel Giltner w^as born in the January of 1802. ]\Irs. Giltner's family, the Cummings, came from Tennessee, and her mother and father married in Clark county and lived on the land wdiich now belongs to our subject. Mrs. Daniel Giltner was born in 1820. She and her husband reared six children, four of whom are now' living, in 1909. They are: Allen A., Xathan, Sarilda (deceased), Thomas, Huldahand Stephen. Allen A. Giltner was reared upon the farm on which he now resides and on arrival at the proper age he helped to clear and improve the family farm. His education was rather limited as there were no free schools, but he, however, managed to obtain a fair school education and studied algebra. He remained upon the farm until his twenty-first year with his parents, and at that time began to farm his share of the land. He married Margaret J. Alatthews in May, 1857. Mrs. Giltner was born about September 28, 1836, and was a native of the township. She bore her husband one child that died in infancy. ]Mrs. Giltner died on the 2d of August, 1884. As their only child died in infancy they adopted ^lyra M. Conn, who is now the housekeeper and careful attendant of the subject of our sketch. Allen A. Giltner rented land for some time after his marriage and later Iwught the old homestead of one hundred and sixty acres which is worth sixty dollars an acre. He has been very prosperous ; in recent years he has rented his land. He is a Republican and has been somewhat active in politics. He served as Assessor of the township for sixteen years. He is a man of well ordered life and religious convictions, and, though he is not connected with any church, he favors the Presbyterian belief.

Albert R. Miles

Albert R. Miles is a prosperous farmer and an influential citizen of Bethlehem township, Clark county, where he is known as a raiser of stock and a farmer wh(_i has made the most of the possibilities of his large farm. He comes of German stock, his father having come from the Fatherland in his young days to the L'nited States like hundreds of other German youths eager to become rich and opulent in this western land. On his mother's side our subject is of French extraction, and, as he combines within him German and French ancestry, he inherits many of the welcome traits of both races. Albert R. Miles has reared a sturdy and intellectual family and in the person of his wife he has a life companion of even temperament and affability.

The subject of our sketch was born in Jefiferson county, Indiana, on the 22d of November, 1855, and was the son of John R. and Rebecca F. (Coughlin) ililes. John R. Miles was born in Germany in 1822, and left his native land ostensibly to avoid sen' ice in the German army and came to America. He came up the Mississippi and Ohio rivers and landed in Cincinnati, Ohio, and later came to Jefiferson county. Indiana, where he lived until his death. He was a blacksmith by trade and later in life became a prosperous farmer. Rebecca F. Coughlin was born in Louisville, Jefferson county, Georgia, on the 13th of November, 1833. Airs. John R. Miles bore her husband ten children, seven of whom are now living in 1909. Mary is the wife of C. H. Jones, of Kentucky : Henry is deceased, having been killed by a train in California ; Albert R. is the subject of our sketch ; Louisa is the wife of Andrew MaNaugh, of Jefferson county, Indiana ; Fred ^^^ Allies is in Kansas and is unmarried ; Lana is the wife of N. D. Rankins, of Jefferson county, Indiana : Herman and Iva are deceased; L. B. Allies lives in Kansas, and C. H. Aliles lives in Clark county, Indiana.

Albert R. Allies was reared on the farm in Jetterson county and helped his parents in the farm duties. At the proper age he entered the district school and got a good common school education. At the age of twenty-two years he started out for himself. He worked for some time by the month in a peach orchard and made seventy-five cents and a dollar a day. At the time of his marriage he had saved three hundred dollars. This event occurred in 1881, when he espoused Ellen Giltner, a daughter of Enoch and Alalinda ( Hutsel) Giltner. Airs. Miles was educated in the county schools and obtained a sound common school training. She and her husband have had three children born to them. They are: E. J. Allies, born January 9, 1886, who graduated from the common schools. No. 3, of Bethlehem township and from the Borden College, after which he entered the State L'niversity at Bloomington, graduating at that institution with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then studied at Swathmore College, Pennsylvania, where he obtained the degree of Master of

Arts. He is now entered at tlie Chicago University, and this is his first year at that institution. Irvin R. Miles, the third child, was born on March 31, 1897; Earl S., second child, born July 29, 1888, is a graduate of the common schools.

The subject of our sketch owns five hundred and fourteen acres of choice land in Bethlehem township situated on the banks of the picturesque Ohio river about twenty miles below Madison. He and his wife and family are members of the Christian church at Painville, Jefiferson county, Indiana. Albert R. is a member of the Pythian Lodge No. 13, at JefTersonville, Indiana. In politics he is a Democrat, ^^'hen the State Bank at New Washington was organized in 1908, our subject, who subscribed for a substantial amount of stock in the undertaking, was chosen to be a member of its first directorate, and is still director in the bank.

Stephen H. Giltner

Stephen H. Giltner, of Bethlehem township. Clark county, is a substantial farmer, and a member of the Giltner family, whose name has been entwined with the history of Bethlehem township and the county for many years. He owns one of the best stocked and most highly cultivated fanns in the township, brought to its present high state of efficiency through his painstaking efforts. His farm embraces one hundred and ninety-eight acres in all. In everyday life Stephen H. Giltner is a simple and unassuming member of the community, who is content to labor as best he may for the interests of himself and his family.

He was born in the township in which he still lives, on the 19th of December, 1853, and was the son of Enoch and ]\Ialinda (Hutsel) Giltner. Enoch Gdtner was born in Kentucky in 1822, and came in 1826 with his parents to Bethlehem township, where they settled in the vicinity of Otto, and where he was reared. Abraham Giltner, our subject's grandfather, bought the farm that is now owned by the Henry Giltner heirs. He married in Kentucky, in which state he afterwards died. His son, Enoch was raised in Bethlehem township, and received a common school education. In after years he married Malinda Hutsel and their entire life was spent in Bethlehem township. Enoch Giltner was a devout and active member of the Christian church, and was an elder in the local congregation of that faith for many years. He was a Republican in politics and an industrious and wealthy farmer who. at one time owned two hundred and forty acres. He reared a family of eleven children: the li\-ing members, all of whom but two reside in Clark county, are: Jacob, Stephen H., subject of this review ; Ellen, John, Alvin and Stella. Enoch Giltner died

Stephen H. Giltner was reared in the neighborhood in which he lives, and attended the district scliool in early life during the winter months and obtained a fair common school education, considering the school facilities of that the time. He remained at home until his twenty-second year, at which time he went to Illinois and worked for two years as a farm hand, after which he returned to his native township. On the ist of Alarch. 1882, he married Anna E. Taff, a native of Clark county. She was born on the 13th of Januar}-, 1859, and was the daughter of J. S. Taff. who was by profession a school teacher. Mrs. Giltner attended the district school and passed through the Normal Training School at New Washington, and became a teacher. Their marriage brought Stephen and Mrs. Giltner two children, one of whom died in infancy, and the other, Frank L., born February 25. 1888. a graduate of the New Albany high school, is a teacher in the township.

The Giltners are memliers of the Christian church of Bethel, Stephen H. being an elder in the same, as well as a liberal supporter. In politics Mr. Giltner is a Republican, but he has always kept himself from active participation in political matters, contenting himself with giving his vote and his sympathies to the party of his choice.

The Giltner family live in the comfortable farm house on their farm, where friends and acquaintances are ever assured of a warm welcome and genuine hospitality.

Frank X. Kern

Frank X. Kern, now of Indianapolis, Indiana, and a former merchant of Jeffersonville, this state, also of the former city, was born at W'urtemburg, Germany, December 3, 1850, a descendant of a prominent and honored old family of that province, where he remained under the parental roof in his youth, and where he received a good elementary education in his native language, remaining there until 1864, when he formed a small colony and sailed for the United States, leaving the old homestead and parents and friends behind to seek a home and live from under monarchial rule. He arrived at Louisville, Kentucky, the same year, where he commenced the struggle of life on his own account. He soon adopted the American ideas and grew to manhood, enjoying the free privilege of an American boy, taking an interest in all that pertained to state and national affairs, and he has ever since been proud of his American home, his adopted countn,-, to which he has ever been loyal, and he has never since visited his Fatherland. His parents have since passed to their reward. His father, a well-to-do man, engaged in the manu- facturing of chinaware, having been in business for many years, and he was well known and highly respected by all. The original Kern family were Catholics in their religious belief, but the younger generations left that faith and became Presbyterians, Methodists and other denominational adherents.

When Frank X. Kern arrived in Louisville, he was fourteen years old, and he first w'orked in a confectionary, where he had a splendid opportunity for picking up American ideas. Later he began the barber business, learning the trade thoroughly, becoming a proficient artist in this line, and he remained in Louisville until 1869, when he went to Jeifersonville and continued his business, soon building up a large practice. During that time he was patronized by many distinguished men, one particular customer being Hon. John Reed. Sr., who was a prominent lawyer for thirty years, and one of the leading men of the state. Air. Kern continued his business at Jeffersonville in a most successful manner until 1882, when he engaged in the retail grocery business, building up a liberal patronage, continued until 1896, when he took a partner and embarked in the wholesale grocery business, which was continued successfully for a period of two years, when he sold out and in the same year came to Indianapolis and again engaged in the retail groceiw business in which he continued a few years.

When Mr. Kern came to Jeffersonville in 1869, he found a thrifty little town, which had just begun to develop, and being able to see the great future possibilities of the place, he joined the ranks of progressive citizens and helped push all enterprises. In politics he chose the principles of Democracy, of which he has ever since been a strong supporter, and while in Jeffersonville he was a conspicuous figure in all local organizations. He was elected and very ably served two terms as City Councilman, and later he was a candidate before the nominating convention for City Treasurer. He was regarded by the'leaders of the party as a strong supporter and good campaigner. Through his political activity and business enterprises he became well known throughout Clark county, where his integrity and honor are above reproach.

Mr. Kern was married at Jeffersonville in 1873 ^o Louisa Pfau. She was born in the same province in Germany that Mr. Kern came from. She came to America with her brothers and sisters. Her parents died in the Fatherland. Her father was connected with lumbering and logging. He was well known in his community and highly respected there. Mrs. Kern's brothers and sisters are: George, William, Caroline, who married in this country, her husband being Herman Gallrein. These three children all reside in Jeffersonville. Louisa, the fourth child, is the wife of our subject; Christian lives in Chicago, where Lewis also resides ; Jacob is a resident of Louisville, Kentucky.

To Mr. and Mrs. Frank X. Kern five interesting children have been born, namely: John A. is in the money-lending business in Louisville; Otto P. is a bookkeeper in the Union National Bank, in Indianapolis : Louisa, now Mrs. Rlalcomb C. Porter. Mr. Porter is in the real estate business in Indianapolis ; Clara niiarried Lester Van Cleve, of the Indianapolis Star; Lillian is still a member of the family circle.

\\"illiam H. Barratt, of L'harlestown township. Clark county, is a nativeborn resident of the township in which he lives. He has been known all through his long life as an honest and industrious fanner. He passed through the Civil war and who, though wounded in the conflict, still lives in the ripeness of his years.

He was born in Charlestown township on the 27th of February, 1840, the son of George and Anna (Hultz) Barratt. George Barratt came from England with his wife, who was also a native of that countr\'. He and his wife landed in New York and he began his career in the United States as a farmer. He finally came from New York to Indiana, and on a farm in Charlestown township he lived the remainder of his life. George Barratt and his wife were the parents of eleven children, six of whom are li\-ing at the present time.

William H. Barratt was reared upon the farm in Charlestown township, where in summer time he helped his parents, and attended school in winter. He remained under the parental roof until 1862, at which time he enlisted in Company I, Eighty-first Indiana Volunteers, remaining with his regiment until 1865 or the close of the war. His company was on the field at the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, but did not figure in the engagement. At Stone River, however, members of this company were active participants and again at Atlanta, Georgia. His regiment then returned to Nashville, Tennessee, where the}' engaged and dispersed the enemy. In one engagement Mr. Barratt was wounded on the second day of the fight, and had to be taken from the field, and was accordingly unable to join his regiment until their return to Nashville, Tennessee. He was discharged in June, 1865, and received a pension. Upon his discharge he returned home to Clark county and remained with his parents for two years. In 1868 he married Sarah Ann \\''eir, who was born in ^^^ashington county, Indiana, on the 6th of December, 1847. She was the daughter of David Weir, who was a farmer. To William H. Barratt and his wife were born the following children: John S., born December 14. 1869: Charles O., born April 15. 1871 ; Rosa, on April 18, 1874: William, on January 3, 1878;

Mr. Barratt, his wife and the members of his family are all members of the IMethodist Episcopal church at Otisco. Politically William H. Barratt is a Republican and although a sincere admirer of his party, he has never been very active in local political affairs. He is a popular member of the Grand Army of the Republic, Post No. 402, at Henryville, Indiana. His farm C(3nsists of ninety-two acres and is in grant No. 93, Charlestown township. He has lived on this farm since his marriage, and it owes its present prosperous condition to his efforts.

Samuel D. Sullivan

Samuel D. Sullivan, of Charlestown township, Clark county, is the owner of one hundred and nine acres of land, and a fanner whose reputation is of the highest. During the period of his life in Charlestown township he has achieved a high standing as a citizen. He was born in Scott county, Indiana, on the 4th of Februar}', 1861, being the son of William C. and Mary (Bridgewater) Sullivan. Grandfather Dennis Sullivan was a native of Maryland, who emigrated to Trimble county, Kentucky. He sojourned for a few years in Indiana and later returned to Kentucky, where he died at the advanced age of eighty years. His son, our subject's father, William C. Sullivan, was bom in Kentucky, and on coming to Indiana, was bound to Elisha English, of Scott county, with whom he remained until his eighteenth year. From that time until his marriage he hired out by the month with neighboring farmers in Scott county. After his marriage he went to Missouri, traveling overland in a wagon, and sometime afterwards returned to Indiana. In 1871 he came to Clark county, where he settled and remained until his death. He and his wife reared a larg^e family of fourteen children, of whom eight boys and one girl grew to maturity.

Samuel D. Sullivan was reared on the parental farm and attended the district school, receiving a common school education. At the age of twentyone years he started out for himself as a carpenter and a farm worker. His marriage to Eveline Campbell, daughter of Richard and Priscilla (Barratt) Campbell, took place on December 21, 1892. Mrs. Sullivan was born in Charlestown township on grants Nos. 192 and 193, where she now lives, on October 26, 1869. She was educated in the district school and obtained a fair education. Samuel D. Sullivan and his wife have had two children, Elsie, born November 24, 1893, and Ruble, born May 23. 1899. All the family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Otisco, of which our subject is one of the trustees.

In politics Mr. Sullivan is an unswerving Republican, although he has never taken a hand in local politics preferring to lead a private life. His farm embraces the old homestead of Mrs. Sullivan's parents, and their land, which amounted to sixty-two acres. The farm land is as good as any in the township, and is valued at ab(^ut forty dollars an acre. Under the supervision and painstaking efforts the land has been brought to the highest point of perfection.

Charles P. Aieloy. M. D.

Dr. Charles P. Aleloy, physician and surgeon, of Otisco, Clark county, Indiana, is but forty-eight years of age and a comparatively young man in the medical profession yet he has succeeded in building for himself a large and lucrative practice at Otisco. He is a man who is well equipped for his life work, having had the advantage of an education and training in medicine of the highest order. He is a college and university graduate and to his profession, apart from his training, he has brought inherent natural ability of a more than average depth. In public life he has not been inactive and he is a figure of some prominence in all township and county gatherings of a civic nature. He was bom on the 27th of September, i860, in Charlestown township. Clark county, the son of John O. and Cynthia (Campbell) ]\Ieloy. The Campbells, his mother's family, were prosperous pioneers in Clark county.

Dr. Charles P. ]\Ieloy was the third member of a family of nine children, three boys and six girls. At the age of six years he became a resident of Charlestown, and here he entered upon his school studies. His teachers were Kate ]\Iitchell and Marion Leiter. Having completed iiis school course at Charlestown, he entered Hanover College in 1876, where he spent two years, leaving there in 1878. In 1879 he took a sophomore course at Depauw University, and entered the oiifice of Dr. James E. Oldham in 1879. and there commenced the study of medicine. After one year with his preceptor he entered the Ohio Aledical College at Cincinnati for one term, 1880 to 1881. He then went into the grocery business to obtain money to pursue his medical studies and he later went west and finally completed his medical course at the Louisville Aledical College. In 1896-97 he began the practice of medicine and moved to Otisco, where he has practiced ever since.

Doctor Melo}^ is well versed in fraternal work and believes in fraternal organization as a potent agency for good in the community. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythian lodges at Charlestown. He is a past grandmaster in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He also belongs to the Modem Woodmen, and was the first head consul at its inception in 1903, and carries insurance in the organization.

Being a Republican he has sen-ed as chairman and secretary of the RepubHcan Central Committee, and has been a candidate for Sheriff and Joint- Senatorship. As a Republican he is a man to be reckoned with in the political life of the party in Clark county.

Doctor Meloy married Anna Seward and three children have been born to them. Cora M.. born November 24. 1897: Martin R., born September 27, 1900, and Fay, who was born June 17, 1906.

Sargent W. Evans

Sargent ^^^ Evans is an old and respected native-born citizen of Otisco, Clark county. He comes of a Welsh family that settled in North Carolina in 1806 in the personage of his grandfather and grandmother Evans. He owes his present wealth and social position solely to his own individual efforts.

The citizen of Otisco, of whom we speak, was born in the town of which he is a resident on the i ith of October, 1843, and was the son of Absalom and Mary (Gunter) E\-ans. Samuel Evans, grandfather of our subject, married and brought his young wife from Wales, Britain, to North Carolina in 1806. They were not well supplied with worldly goods, and Samuel lived the remainder of his life in North Carolina. After his death his wife and family came to Clark county, Indiana, and settled in Charlestown in 183 1. ^Irs. Samuel Evans afterwards died in the neighborhood of what is now Otisco. To Grandfather Evans and his wife were born the following family : Sargent, Solomon, Absalom. Robert, Rachael, Elizabeth and Mary.

Absalom Evans was single when he came to Clark county. Here he married Mar}' Gunter, who was born in Kanawha county. West Virginia, and who came with her father, William Gunter, when a child and settled in Charlestown township. Absalom Evans was a farmer and reared eleven children. They were: John, Sarah E., Eliza E.. Sargent \\'., Mary E., ]Martha A., James C, Zerilda C, Perlina, Hannah H. and Alice E. There are but four living in 1909, all of whom live in Otisco.

Sargent '\\'. Evans was reared on his father's farm on which when old enough he helped, occasionally going to school. His father died when he was but fourteen years old, and though he was not yet eighteen at the outbreak of the Civil war, he enlisted in Company B, Eighty-first Indiana Regiment, under Captain A. J. Howard, of Jeffersonville, Indiana. He received his baptism of fire at the engagement at Perrv'ville, Kentucky, on the 8th of October, 1862, and remained in the vicinity of the Cumberland district until May, 1863. when he was discharged, owing to disabilit)-. He returned home, where he remained until Februan-. 1865, wlien lie re-enlisted, this time in the One Hundred and Forty-eighth Indiana Regiment, in which he sen-ed until the close of the war. He then returned to his native Clark county, where he still lives. On the 21st of Februan-. 1867. his marriage to Sarah E. Covert took place. His wife was born in Oregon township. June 22. 1845. and was the daughter of Henry and Man- Covert. Mrs. Evans went to the district school in her township and obtained a fair education. At the time of their marriage Sargent ^^'. Evans and his wife were not in good financial circumstances. He built a house previous to his marriage on his father's farm, near Otisco. and there he and his wife lived until 1872. when he removed to Otisco. In Otisco he and his brother. James C, built the store building in 1872. where he now does business. and, having borrowed one thousand five hundred dollars to start them, they ran the store jointly until 1876. when our subject bought out his brother's interest. On November 26. 1908, Sargent W. Evans celebrated the thirty-sixth year of his business life in his store. To Mr. and Mrs. Evans the following children were born: Lillie D.. born on ]\Iay 16, 1870; Henry C, bom December 19, 1871 ; \\'. W. Evans, born October 25. 1873: C. M. Evans, born August 19. 1875: Richard, on December 6. 1879; Harriett B., on April 6, 1881. and Julia on March i. 1883. Richard is the only deceased member of the family, his death occurring on the 3d of August. 1884.

Sargent \\'. Evans since he became active in the life of Otisco has been a money maker and something of a benefactor to the town. He built a cooper shop, which in 1876 was destroyed by fire. In 1896 he built a fine flouring mill which ran successfully for nine years, at which time it was also destroyed by fire. In 1902 he erected a canning factory, in which tomatoes, principally, are canned, and which accordingly gives the neighboring farmers a local market for products of this kind. Our subject in addition to his own business concern superintends this industiy himself. He is a Knight of the Golden Cross in fraternal life, and carries insurance in the order of which he is a prominent local member. In politics he is a Democrat, though he has never held any political office. He was a candidate for the office of Sherifif of Clark county on his party's ticket, but was defeated for the nomination. At the November election of 1908 he supported \\'illiam Jennings Bryan for the third time for the Presidenc)'.

The name of Dr. Charles 'W. Bottorft", of Charlestown. Clark ccamty. is almost synonymous with a high degree of medical skill and with accuracy in the compounding of drugs and in the making-up of prescriptions. Doctor Bottorfif has been a medical practitioner in Charlestown for very many years and the years in their onward course have seen him achieve a standard of success commensurate with liis ability. His drug-store, to which he has given much of his time and attention, is always replete with an up-to-date stocl< of merchandise.

Dr. Charles M. Bottorff was born in Washington township, Clark county, Indiana, on the ist of October, i860, and was the son of Cyrus and Eliza Josephine ( McGee) Bottorff. Cyrus Bottorff was also a native of Clark county, but his father, John Bottorff', was a native of Pennsylvania, who migrated to Kentucky, and thence to Clark county, Indiana, at a very early date. John Bottorff reared a large family and was twice married. His son, Cyrus, was born in Clark county. He had three children: \\'illiam P., a farmer of Washington township; Charles M., and Nora, who is single, and who lives at the edge of Charlestown.

Doctor Bottorff was reared upon the parental farm and received his education principally in winter time. In the summer months farm work demanded his attention. In this manner he attended the district school in Washington township until his nineteenth year. In 1880 he entered Hanover College, and emerged a graduate in 1886, with the Bachelor of Arts degree. In the spring of 1887, he entered the Kentucky School of Medicine from where he graduated in June, 1888, with the degree of Medical Doctor. In the fall of 1888 he began the practice of medicine in two different places, and in 1890 bought a stock of drugs in Charlestown, and in connection with this store he practiced ever since, gradually devoting the greater part of his time to his drug business.

On the 6th of June, 1890, he married Katie Piatt, a native of Boone county, Kentucky. Miss Piatt had formerly been a classmate and a co-graduate of Doctor Bottorff, at the Hanover College. Eight children have been born to them, five of whom are now living.

Doctor Bottorff and his wife and family are members of the Presbyterian church, and are actively interested in church work. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias. He was also a member of the United Order of the Golden Cross, an organization which has an insurance feature, and in which he carries a substantial policv on his life. In civic and social affairs he is well to the fore in Charlestown and vicinitv.

Dr. D. H. Coombs is a well known figure in the daily life of Charlestown, Clark county, Indiana, and, we might add that the name of Coombs has been inseparably associated with the medical profession in Charlestown for nearly sixty years. His father, whose death took place in 1896, was for many years Charlestown's premier physician, and an esteemed, respected and genial citizen.

Dr. D. H. Coombs has inherited all the professional ability of his father and has also had the advantage of the rapid strides and advancement made in the therapeutic and surgical sciences in recent years. Doctor Coombs is a man well fitted in temperament and training for his life work, and he has already a reputation which extends beyond the borders of Clark county.

He was bom in Charlestown, Indiana, on October 17, 1870, the son of Dr. D. H. and Sarah (Goodwin) Coombs. His father, Dr. D. H. Coombs, senior, was bom in the township in 1824 and died in the year 1896. The late Doctor Coombs was a graduate of Jeffersonville Medical College. He was a first-class doctor and was a practitioner in Charlestown for years. He was well-to-do and prominent in local affairs.. He w-as a Republican in politics and an influential member of the Masonic fraternity. Our subject's mother's family were also old and esteemed residents of Clark county and prosperous citizens. Dr. D. H. Coombs was twice married. Seven children born of his first marriage survived infancy ; three of whom still live, namelv : Amos, who lives in Vincennes, is a traveling salesman : Jesse is the wife of Walter Bowen, of Charlestown, and D. H. is the third.

Dr. D. H. Coombs attended the graded schools at Charlestown, and completed the course there. He went from there to Hanover College, wdiere he took a three years' literary course in 1888. He then entered the Louisville Medical College, graduating in 1894. He at once began to practice as an assistant to his father, and remained in that role until 1896, w'hen his father died. Since then he has practiced with growing success on his own account. In igo2 his marriage to !Mayme Beeler took place. His wife is the daughter of a prominent merchant, George T. Beeler. Mrs. Coombs received her education at Oxford, Ohio, and in the schools of Charlestown. To their marriage has been born one child, Margaret, born February 26, 1906. Doctor and Mrs. Coombs and their little one lead a very happy domestic life, and are influential in social circles in Charlestown.

Doctor Coombs has for years been active in fraternal work. He is a member df the ^Masonic fraternity: prominent in the Knights of Pythias, and a past chancellor of that influential order : he is also a member of the ^Modern Woodmen. In all the orders with which he is associated he has a great many staunch friends. In the political world the doctor as a member of the Republican party has taken quite an animated interest in the local political arena, and were political preferment to hdld a place in his ambitions at any time, there is hardly a doubt but that they would be swiftly realized. Doctor Coombs is a member of the Christian church congregation. 'He is a very active man and popular in his profession, and one whose disposition gains for him the confidence of all. He is a member of the Clark County and American Medical societies, and is a past presdent of the former. He is as yet a young man, and judged by present standards, his future success seems to be assured.

James Howard, of Charlestown, Clark county, Indiana, was a well known citizen of the community in which he lived a long and upright life, which has now closed. Few men in Charlestown were more widely known or had a wider circle of friends and acquaintances. His career was one in which the characteristics of industry and honesty were admirably blended, and in such a way as to command the respect of all classes. He died in Charlestown ]\Iay 7, 1909, in his eighty-fourth year of his life, of which all but the first ten years were spent in Charlestown.

He was born in Jefifer^on county, Kentucky, on the 22d of March. 1826. and was the son of George and Catherine (Hoke) Howard. George Howard was of English descent, and a native of Maryland. He came to Indiana with his family in the year 1836, where he remained ever afterwards. George Howard's wife's family, the Hokes, are presumed to be of Pennsylvanian origin.

James Howard was reared on the family farm and was of much assistance to his parents, obtaining such education as was to be had at the neighboring schools in his day. In the year 1849 h^ married Marietta Fry, and after a happy married life his wife died in the year 1888. They had five children, namely: Amanda C. George F.. James N., Laura and Eva. Two years afterwards, on Januars' 8, 1890, our subject married Mrs. Anna Hikes, widow of George G. Hikes, and a member of an old and illustrious New England family. The second Mrs. Howard's maiden name was Putnam. She was the daughter of Elbridge G. and Eunice (Wolton) Putnam. The Putnam family came to Salem, Massachusetts, from across the broad Atlantic about the year 1634. The American descendant of the family was named John Putnam. The Putnam ancestry came down to Mrs. Howard through successive sons : Thomas Putnam, who was a son of John ; Edward, a son of Thomas ; Isaac, a son of Edward ; Nathan, a son of Isaac. Zadock Putnam was the great-grandfather of Mrs. Howard and was one of those who figured prominently in the Revolutionary war. and fought at the battle of Lexington. Elbridge, Mrs. Howard's father, was the son of John Putnam, and a grandson of Zadock. Mrs. Howard came with her father to Louisville, Kentucky, in the year 1838, and lived there with him until his removal to Kankakee county. Illinois, where he farmed until his death. Mrs. Howard attended the schools in Louisville, where she obtained a good education and was afterwards a teacher for a short time. In 1856 she married George G. Hikes. She had two children : Edwin, born December 9. 1858, and Walter S., bom November 25. 1861. Edwin died on June 3. i860. George G. Hikes died October 27. 1877. January 8, 1890. Mrs. Howard entered upon her present married life. Mrs. Howard is now in her seventy-si.xth year, having been born on the 4th of November, 1832.

In politics James Howard was a Democrat and a man who took a great interest in the political progress of his party. In religious life he was a member of the Christian church and active in church affairs. His widow belongs to the Presbyterian faith.

The subject of this sketch is among the leading representatives of the medical profession in Clark county. Indiana, for earnest, persistent labor and close application have been so co-ordinated with distinctive technical ability as to gain him marked prestige in his chosen profession, his residence being in the attractive and quiet little city of Charlestown. where his circle of friends is coincident with that of his acquaintance, having for many years successfully practiced medicine throughout the county in such a manner as to gain the unqualified confidence and respect of everyone who knows him.

Dr. W. F. \\'ork is a native of Clark county. Indiana, having been born here August 27, 1850, the son of ^^'i]liam and Mary (Fonts) Work, and he has spent his entire life in this county, where he has prospered. The Work family came to America from Ireland as early as 1720, settling in Philadelphia and Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. The great-grandfather of the subject, Henry Work, came to Jefferson county. Kentucky, in 1800, and lived there until 1802, in which year his death occurred. The subject's great-grandmother came to Clark county in 1802 and settled at Work's Landing, on the Ohio river, wdiich derived its name from the Work family. She was the mother of three children, Samuel, Henry and Sarah. The daughter was the wife of a Mr. Parr. Samuel was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. He married Elizabeth Henley and they reared ten children. \\'illiam H. \\'ork. father of the subject: Andrew J.. Jesse H., Alexander C. and Samuel M. were their sons, and their daughters' names-follow: Clarissa, Malinda, Elizabeth, Louisa and Sarah. All are now deceased but Sarah, who married a Mr. Eversole, and who now lives in Illinois. \A'illiam H. married Mary Fonts. They were the parents of Henry F., Mary Elizabeth, and W. F. Henry F. is a farmer in Washington township, Clark county ; ]\Iary E. is the wife of William H. Mcllvaine, of Henry county, Kentucky. William F. Work was reared on the farm, and at an early age he attended the district schools and in the summer months worked on the farm until he was about seventeen years old, when he entered Hanover College, taking a three years' literary course. Believing that a medical profession was best suited to his tastes he began the study of medicine, making rapid progress from the first with Dr. S. M. Work, of Charlestown, Indiana. He entered the medical college at Cincinnati, Ohio,

After leaving school our subject began practice in Charlestown, then he graduated from a medical college in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1885. He began practice in 1875, his success having been achieved from the very first and his business steadily grew until he had a very liberal patronage, taking high rank as a physician and surgeon. Doctor Work has not been in active practice since 1902.

Doctor Work was happily married September 27, 1876, to Ella Dedrick, the daughter of Reuben Dedrick, a wholesale grocer of Jeffersonville. She was a graduate of St. Mary's College at Madison, Indiana. The date of her birth was March 19, 1859, and after a happy wedded life she was called to her rest in July, 1904. To Doctor W^ork and wife two children were born: Ruby, who is the wife of L. L. Robinson, of Jeft'erson\-ille, and William H.. who was born March 19, 1883, and was married to Leona Coombs, daughter of the late Dr. David Coombs, also of Charlestown. He is a graduate of the linotype school of Chicago, and is employed on The Louisville ( Kentucky) Herald. Our subject was married in 1905 to ]\Irs. Graham, widow of Dr. T. A. Graham, of Jeffersonville.

Doctor Work in his fraternal relations is a member of Blazing Star, No. 226, Horeb Chapter; Commandery, No. 66, at Jeffersonville; Jennings Lodge, Knights of Pythias. He is past master of the Free and Accepted Masons. In politics he is a Democrat, however, he has never taken a leading part in his party's affairs. He is a member of the Clark County Medical Society, the State Medical Society, also the Mississippi Medical Society, in all of which he holds high rank. He is a ver}' pleasing man to meet, bearing a reputation for honesty of purpose and always ready to do what he considers his just share in promoting the welfare of his county.

Hon. Willis L. Barnes

The Hon. Willis L. Barnes, of Charlestown, Clark county, needs very little introduction to the people of Southern Indiana. Situated as he is at present he is in a position to enjoy a leisurely existence and engage in pursuits of a studious and scientific nature, which have always had an attraction for him, but which were necessarily denied him in the ceaseless activity of his public life. Success has crowned his business ventures, and his political aspirations have all been fulfilled. As Joint-Senator of Clark, Scott and Jennings counties he was of value to the community at large, and a powerful acquisition to the standard of his party.

He was born in Jefferson county. Indiana, on April 3. 1840, the son of McGannon and Rebecca (Fonts) Barnes, and came of sturdy stock. His grandfather, John Barnes, was a native of Culpeper county, Virginia, and of EngHsh and Irish ancestry. Hon. Thomas J. Hanley, formerly member of Congress from the Third district of Indiana, was an uncle of our subject, and a pioneer of Clark county. John Barnes was a substantial farmer and a pioneer of Jefferson county, Indiana. His wife, whom he married in Indiana, was originally named Sarah Law. He settled down, farmed extensively, and died in Jefferson county. His son, McGannon Barnes, moved to \\^ashington township. Clark county, in i860, and became a leading farmer in that section. He died late in life. July 5. 1894, aged eighty-five years. His wife died in the year 1887. Their family consisted of the following children: John C. Barnes, of Illinois: Jacob F. (deceased): Thomas B., of Washington township, Clark county; William E., also of Washington township: George D. (deceased); Edward C. (deceased), and Willis L.

The Hon. Willis L. Barnes was reared on his father's farm, and upon his arrival at the customary age helped and assisted in the farm work. In winter time he attended the district schools. He received sufficient education to become a teacher through attending Hanover College, and was for several terms a teacher in Clark county and in Kentucky. He was naturally inclined towards mechanical pursuits and therefore switched himself into the saw-mill industry, in which business he interested himself for several years, and built his own mill. He then began to figure in political life, being a Democrat. In 1884 he was nominated for the Legislature and served in the session of 1885, and, upon being again nominated and elected by an increased majority, served in the session of 1887. In 1885 he was appointed chairman of the Committee on Claims, and acted in the same capacity in the session of 1887; he was also prominent in other committees. In 1888 and 1889 he was nominated and elected deputy warden of the Jeffersonville prison. His political worth was not, however, appreciated until he had been nominated and elected a joint Senator of Clark, Scott and Jennings counties, when he filled the office with much credit and dignity in the sessions of 1891-1893. Since then he has led a comparatively retired life. He is a civil engineer and surveyor and does much work of this nature. He is an astronomer of no small ability, and is the possessor of a good telescope, with lens of the approved type, and with which he makes many astronomical investigations. Mr. Barnes has devoted much time of later years to the study of astronomy, and has recently developed an improved method of determining the elements of double-star systems, by which the intricate process is reduced to a mathematical and geometrical formula, and has received the endorsement of the highest authorities engaged in that branch of stellar astronomy.

have a family of five children. The family residence at Halcyon's Hill is capacious and substantial and an ideal home, and there, in fitting surroundings, ^Ir. Barnes enjoys his retirement.

The Hon. U'illis L. Barnes has the reputation of a gentleman of the highest type, cultured and courteous. He is a member of the Universalist church.

Edward C. Hughes

Edward C. Hughes, attorney-at-Iaw, of Charlestown, Indiana, is a lawyer of prominence in his native township. He comes from that stock from which America has ever drawn her foremost lawyers - the tillers of the soil. His grandfather came to Clark county in its early days and engaged in agricultural pursuits. We find his father following the same vocation, and Edward C. began life in the same strenuous fashion.

Edward C. Hughes was born in Charlestown township, Clark county, on the 28th of October. 1864, the son of Hiram K. and Nancy J. (Lewman) Hughes. Grandfather Eleven Hughes was of English birth, born in the year 1795. In after life he emigrated and settled in Kentucky. He fought as a soldier in the War of 181 2, and was captured by the enemy on the defeat of Dudley. He escaped, however, by running the gauntlet through the Indian lines and came back to his home in Bourbon county, Kentucky. He settled in Clark county, Indiana, in 1830. and in that county the remainder of his life was spent in farming. Grandfather Hughes was known through life to be a man of sturdy and upright character. He belonged to the ^Methodist church and was a Democrat in politics.

Hiram K. Hughes was a lad when he came to Clark county, Indiana, with his father, from Bourbon count}', Kentucky. He assisted in working the parental farm, and in after years married Nancy J. Lewman. His wife was born and reared in Utica township, Clark county. Six children were born of the marriage, of whom there are three dead and three living. The sui-viving members of the family are: W. Clay Hughes, who is a well-to-do farmer; Court S. Hughes, who is a contractor in Florida, and Edward C.

Edward C. Hughes was i-eared upon his father's farm, assisting in the farming work as best he could in summer and in winter time attended the district school. - He later took up his studies at the Charlestown high school, and afterwards entered Depauw University. He graduated in the law department of that institution on June 13, 1894. In September of the same year he opened a law office at Charlestown, and later in the same year was appointed County Attorney, an office in which he served for four years. At the present time he is the chairman of the Clark County Council, and while in this capacity has been instrumental in reducing the tax levy of the county.

Edward C. Hughes is a close student of fraternal work and is a member of many orders, including' the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having" passed the chairs in that organization. He is a past master in the local Masonic lodge, and takes an interest in local religious affairs, being an active member of the Christian church.

Attorney Hughes married Mauile Robertson, the daughter of John S. an.d Matilda ( Beggs) Robertson, who are among the oldest residents of the county. The marriage took place on the loth of April, 1901. Mr. Hughes is a business man of ability and firmness. In politics he a good type of the present-day Democrat, anxious and active for the success and further progress of his party. His financial ventures have been lucky and he is beginning to e.xperience the prosperity which his energetic years have merited.

James Noble Wood

James Xoble \\'ood was born in South Carolina, December 26, 1768, and was married to Marg-aret Smith September 27, 1794, at Clarks\-ille, Indiana. He died at Utica, Indiana, March 25. 1826, aged fifty-eight years.

From Clarksville, Indiana, on Christmas day, 1795, James Noble \\'ood and several friends went to what is now Utica, Indiana, eight miles above Clarksville, in a pirogue, taking with them the few tools necessan- to fell and shape the timber and build a log cabin ; this they did in one day. It was built about ninety }-ards above what is now the northernmost street of Utica. The cabin was near the river bank, as was the two-story log house built later, and nearer the town. His nearest neighbor lived on Harrod creek, Kentucky, tw^o and a half miles from the Ohio river. The only building in what is now Jeffersonville was the block-house occupied by soldiers. In the spring of 1796, he, with his wife, moved into th.e cabin. Their table was the top of a poplar stump, having felled a tree, four feet in diameter for clapboards for the roof and puncheons for the floor ; later enough of the timber was cut away to form a wellshaped center table.

Wood employed two men to assist in clearing a few acres of land in the river bottom, planting corn and vegetables. In December the men wished to go to Shippingsport, Kentucky, to remain during the winter months. They hunted two days, killed several bears and a few deer and sold the game at Shippingsport. Game was then very plentiftil.

A few years later Wood built a ferry boat of poplar, immense poplar trees being then abundant. About this time many families from the Carolinas were moving into what is now the state of Indiana, at that time known as

Knox county, Virginia. W^ood made big money witli liis ferry I^oat, and soon added more boats. He sold com at one dollar per bushel. If an emigrant had a lame or worn-out horse he would sell or trade. Soon a stock of horses were on hand, and became a part of the business. Wood also sold a great deal of whiskey.

Later Judge Jolm ]\Iiller, of Utica, Xe\v York, settled here. ])urchasing land adjoining what later was the southern part of Utica. IMiller built a large two-story log house, with hall and ell, yet occupied and in good repair. Joseph Miller, late of New Albany, Indiana, was a son of Judge ]\Iiller. Joseph ]Miller was a well known river pilot, between Louisville and New Orleans. Judge Miller built and operated ferryboats between L'tica and Harrod's Creek, Kentucky, making good money in the business. Aliller. A\'ood. and a Mr. Bright, of Philadelphia. Pennsylvania, laid out the town of L'tica. Part of the town was owned by Wood, by deed of gift from his mother's half brother, Capt. Robert George, of Arlington Springs. Virginia. Captain George served under Gen. George Rogers Clark in what was known as the Illinois Regiment, which was present at the capture of Vincennes, Indiana, Kaskaskia. Illinois, and St. Louis, Missouri, and also at points on the lower ]\Iississippi river. It appears that Captain George spent his years of capability in military service. There is no tradition as to whether he was or was not at Braddock's defeat in 1758. His brother, ^^'illiam George, of Arlington Springs, Virginia, owned much land and many slaves. He made his home with James Noble \\'ood during the remainder of his life, although he held patents for two bodies of land of one thousand acres each, in Kentucky. He gave nothing to either of his two sisters, claiming that their husbands failed to take up arms against the crown during the Revolutionary war. The two sisters, with their husbands, lived in this vicinity for several years and the descendants of both families were good citizens. Some of them have held good county offices in Clark county, yet the old captain held to his prejudice and gave the two thousand acres of land in Kentucky, and the three hundred and sixty acres in and adjoining Utica to the sons of his half sister, Margaret Sharon, the widow George having married a man of that name, wife of James \\'ood. James Wood had to leave his home in South Carolina after striking an English soldier with a blacksmith's hammer. Captain George considered striking an English soldier deserved reward. Ann \\'ood. born in 1796. often told of the peculiarities of Captain George. He died alx)ut the year 1807: buried in Utica cemetery.

Of eleven children bom to James Noble Wood and his wife, six died before reaching the age of seven years, one died at the age of seventy-five years, one at eighty-four, one at eighty-seven, two at eighty-nine, four were in fairly good health until within a week or two of death ; one was feeble for two or three years. It appears that malarial fever was so common and malignant that onlv the strong survived.

Baiku'S History Of Clark Co., Ind

James Noble \\'ood was presented to General Lafayette in Louisville, and had a little conversation with him. He met Aaron Burr also in Louisville. Moses Wood, a brother, joined the expedition under Burr, and was captured by the L^nited States troops while descending the Ohio. George Wood, a brother, settled in what is now Wood township, this county. Some of his descendants live in that township today. Ann \\'ood, a sister, married Samuel Hay, of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. Hay was appointed and served as Sheriff while Indiana was yet a territory. Court was held at Vincennes. Jane Wood, a sister, married John Douthett, a native of Pennsylvania. He seiwed many years as Recorder of Clark county. Another sister married William Ferguson, a cousin, and lived some time in the vicinity of L'tica.

James Noble ^\'ood lost mtich through his friends, and sold some land before his death. His two sons, Robert George Wood, born in 1803, and Napoleon B. W'ood. born in 1813, inherited his estate and through recklessness lost the greater part of it. Some of the descendants of Robert G. Wood live in Utica, others in Kentucky. Some of the descendants of Napoleon Wood live in Utica; others in Kentucky. Robert G. Wood died April 18, 1878.

James Wood, father of James Noble ^^'ood, was born of Scotch parentage. No record as to date of birth is at hand, and he may ha^^e Ijeen born in Scotland and possibly in America. He married Margaret Sharon, half sister to Capt. Robert George, of Arlington Springs, Virginia. The tradition of the family is that James Wood during the Revolutionary war was located sixty miles from Charlestown, South Carolina. He kept a country store, cooper shop and blacksmith shop, being a blacksmith by trade. He organized a company of thirty men favorable to the color.ial cause, a home guard, the American general commanrling the military district ordered Wood to report at headquarters, which he did. The general (probably Gen. Francis Marion) offered Wood a commission, provided he would be mustered into the service, and also bring as manv men as possible, ^^'ood failed to accept. Immediately following the battle of Eutaw Springs (in which the Americans were sorely defeated) two British cavalrymen on jaded mounts stopped at the blacksmith shop to have liorse shoeing done. They told of the battle; of the British victory and American defeat, and said that soon there would not be a rebel in South Carolina. One horse was shod ; his rider mounted and rode away. Later \\'ood struck the remaining soldier with his blacksmith hammer, the result of the blow is not known. In less than an hour Wood, with wife and children, a bed and covering, a few pots and pans and some food, were in an ox wagon, driving northward. He drove all night and all of the next day. when he stopped for the night the oxen and wagon were always headed southward, in order to deceive pursuers. He reached Virginia, remaining there until the close of the war. He then returned home and sold both personal and realty, and prepared to move to the Falls of the Ohio.

About 1786 \\'ood reached tlie Falls of the Ohio, Ijnught land and cultivated it. It was located between Shippingspnrt and Portland. He later sold this land and moved near Utica. His bones lie about the center of Jefferson street and about half way in the square between Eleventh and Twelfth street, Louisville, Kentucky, the street having been cut through, the cemetery. He died September 24, 1816. His wife, Margaret Sharon, died October 19, 1801, and is buried beside him.