Clark County, Indiana - Biographical sketches, 1909 (part 15 of 15)

Margaret Smith, wife of James Noble Wood, in the year 1785, together with two sisters in charge of the their father and mother, left the state of Pennsylvania, in a house boat, their destination being the Falls of the Ohio. In another boat were Mrs. Smith's sister and her husband. With several boats they reached the blockhouse where Cincinnati now stands, known then as Fort Washington. They turned their cattle out to browse. The brother-in-law, an Indian fighter, went after the cattle, but came back without them, reporting signs of Indians. Smith, also an Indian tighter, disregarding the advice of the brother-in-law, took his rifle and started to get the cattle, the bells being plainly heard. (The bells were probably rung by the Indians.) Shortly after rifle shots were heard, the soldiers pushed out into the timber, found Smith dead and scalped. He had been struck by several bullets. Smith was an athlete and excelled in jumping. A survey of the surroundings showed that he had run some distance and had reached a ravine, or gully. The marks showed that he had jumped, falling dead on the opposite side of the gully. The soldiers decided that the force of the bullets carried him across, as they struck him while in the air, as no one could possibly have jumped that distance. The brotherin-law returned to Pennsyh-ania with his family.

Xancy Smith, the widow, determined to go on to the Falls of the Ohio. During the trip a storm at night separated her boat from the fleet. When morning came she was alone with her children, pulling to the middle of the ri\-er. She rowed to overtake the fleet during the day. She was tired upon by Indians, several bullets striking the boat. The children were told to lie flat on the floor, while the mcjther pulled for the opposite shore, keeping the boat between her and the Indians, and was soon out oi danger. She soon overtook the other boats and reached Clarksville in safety. One of her daughters married a Mr. \\'are, of Clarksville: a son born to them, was for many years a Falls pilot. A sister, Nancy, while washing clothes at a spring at the outskirts of Clarks\-ille, was fired upon by Indians, receiving seven wounds. One Indian rushed forward and scalped her. He then turned to 11m, made a few steps and turned, threw his tomahawk at her but missed her. By that time men were in sight, rushing to the scene with arms in hand. The Indian made his escape. Years afterward, at Vincennes, Indiana, an Indian in conversation with whites remarked that he had never killed a white man, but had killed a white squaw at the Falls of the Ohio, and pointed to a scar on the calf of his leg, where she had bitten liim while being scalped. \\'hen told that the white squaw was living and was the n:other of several children, he answered "Ugh ! Kill 'um next time." Xancy was about sixteen years of age at the time of the scalping, and later she married a Mr. Pittman. Pittman was a Virginian, had served in a military organization, known as The Rangers. Their service was in Indiana Territory, and he probably had served under General Clark. He received patent for five hundred acres oi land, this he sold for a trifling sum, as did many others. After being' discharged from the service he remained in Clarks- \\Ue awaiting for the spring time weather before starting for his Virginia home, bidding acquaintances and Clarksville farewell. He mounted his horse, crossed the ri\-er below the Falls and as he led his horse off the boat, the horse fell, injuring him so badly as to make him useless. Pittman returned to Clarksville and later married Xancy Smith and several years after, with his wife and children, left in a flat boat. They floated down the Mississippi, and years after were located on Fairchild's Island, near Vicksburg, Mississippi. The mother of !Mrs. Julia Mackay. iicc Morrison, of Utica, had in her possession for several years, a lock of white hair, coarse as the mane of a horse, taken from the new growth of the scalp on the head of Xancy Smith, ^^'illiam ^lorrison, father of Mrs. Mackay, fought under General Jackson at the battle of X'ew Orleans. He settled in Utica al)out the year 1823, dying there in 1867. He deserves a place in frontier history.

Xancy Smith, mother of Margaret, wife of James X'oble \\'ood, died August 10, 1828. aged one hundred and two years. At the age of ninety-six she bought a new spinning wheel. A neighbor wished to borrow it and the old lady refused to loan, saying "I've owned several wheels. Other people borrowed and wore them out. I intend to wear this out mvself."

Thomas West Freeaiax

The Freemans were nf English origin and the emigrant ancestors came over before the Re\-cilutionary war, settling in Massachusetts. Charles B. Freeman, one of the descendants, was bom in the old Bay state, Aug'ust 20, 1776, shortly after the Declaration of Independence was adopted. He was one of four orphans apprenticed to learn trades and he learned that of carpentry, which was his line of work throughout his life. He was reared by a Congregational minister, who came from England to do missionary and philanthropic work. He came to Indiana about 1818. and settled at Vevay, being one of the earliest pioneers of that section. The state at that time was little more than the original wilderness full of wild game and still inhabited bv various Indian tribes. He married Elizabeth Haskell, who was born in

Massachusetts in 1784, her father beino- job HaskeH, of English descent. The marriage took place in their native state, and there were seven children born to them. Thomas \\'est Freeman, of this review, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December 16, 1816, and was but two \-ears old when his parents came to Indiana. As he grew up he learned the carpenter's trade and followed that occupation until he was fifty years old. He learned his letters in one of the old fashioned school-houses, his teacher being the mother of Edward Eggleston, the famous author of "The Hoosier School ]\Iaster." He came to Clark county about 1868, and bought timber land in Alonroe township, which he cleared and improved. In 1S40. ^Ir. Freeman was married to Eliza Oele, who was born in Switzerland countv, Indiana, December 22, 1816. Fler father and mother were among the first settlers of that section and went through all the hardships and dangers of pioneer life. They became the parents of ten children, most of whom are now dead. Ida, who was born in 1851, married George Lewellen, and resides at Columbus, Indiana; Eliza, born in 1S53; Ramey, born in i860, married Emma Dunlevy, lives in Monroe township and has two children; John W., one of the sons, enlisted in the anny at the beginning of the Civil war, and died at Stone River. As he was under age, his father drew a pension on his account. JMr. Freeman retired from active business many years before his death, and made his home with his son, Ramey, in Monroe township. For some time he was the oldest man in the township, and one of the oldest in the county, his age having corresponded with that of Indiana as a state. He was an interesting relic of a bygone age and loved to talk about the old pioneer days. He remembered the Indians vei-y well after thev had become peaceful and mingled freely with the white people. He enjoyed the reputation of having been a good neighbor and a good citizen during his long life. After giving up the carpenter's trade he devoted his time to farming with success in that line. The death of Thomas ^"\'est Freeman occurred on May 7, 1909.

Joseph Clark

The emigrant ancestor of this family was a native of County Down, Ireland, who came to America when a small boy, where he found a temporary home in Pennsylvania, but later joined the tide of emigration setting in towards the ^^'est and eventually found a location in Southern Indiana. He was one of the earliest pioneers of Scott county, the state at that time being little more than an unbroken wilderness. He reared a family after the primitive methods of those days when toil and hardship were the experience of every one. Among his children was a son by the name of William, who was born a few vears before the settlement in Scott county, and went through all the pri- vations of a l3o\- on a pioneer farm. After he grew uii he became a farmer and devoted his hfe to agricuhm'al pursuits. He was a Democrat and quite active in local politics, but ne\-er aspired to office. He died in 1844. His first wife was 3ilahala Taylor, a nati\-e of Kentucky, where her ancestors were early settlers. She was quite ynung when her parents came tu Indiana. She died after becoming the mother of three children; there were also three children by her husband's second marriage. All but one are still living, four in Clark county and a sister in Indianapolis.

Joseph Clark, eldest of the family, was born in Scott county, Indiana, in January, 1836. He remained at home until his twenty-third year, when he branched out in Iiusiness for himself as a farmer and dealer in timber. For seventeen years he devoted his time to getting out cross-ties and did a large business in this line. He made the ties that were used in the building of the Belt Railroad at Indianapolis, also furnishing the timber for the bridges and other purposes on that line. In fact he was one of the pioneer lumber men of Southern Indiana, and no man in the state better understands the "ins and outs" of this business. At the same time he carried on his farming operations. When he began business Clark county was practically all woods, being covered with the fine growth of the original forests. There was an abundant harvest for the woodsmen, and Mr. Clark reaped his share of the trade, although it involved much hard work and considerable financial risk. He remembers wdien there were no roads, only blazed trails, through this section. Charlestown was the onlv village of any importance in the vicinity. As was customary in all the families of those days, his mother made his clothes from flax grown on the farm. The schools were few and far between, and of the most primitive character, being kept up by meager subscription, while the teacher "boarded around." ^Ir. Clark put in a month or two during the winter months, but is " unable to recall that he got any benefit from his irregular attendance, except a slight grounding in the three "R's." The land he bought after reaching manhood was entirely wild, covered with timber and the clearing and improving involved much toil and some labor. Those now living on the smiling and highly cultivated farms of Clark county with their rural mail delivery and telephones can little realize what the first settlers had to contend with. Mr. Clark is a Presbvterian in religion, a Republican in politics, and in eveiy respect has been a model citizen. Blessed with a powerful constitution, he was able to endure much of the hardest kind of work, and few men of his years are better presented.

In 1859 Mr. Clark was married to Mary Ann Woods, a native of Ohio. Her parents were Jesse and Jane Woods, natives of Kentucky, who lived for a time in Clark county. ]\Ir. and j\Irs. Clark became the parents of an interesting family, their children being well situated in life.

Andrew J. Holman

One of the substantial agriculturists in Jeffersonville township, Clark county is Andrew J. Holman, whose life, co\'ering a period of sixty-eight years has been spent in this county, the greater portion of the time within sight of the spot where his father was bom and where his grandfather, Isaac Holman, settled in 1802. Mr. Holman has been very successful in his avocation, and a broad expanse of highly cultivated soil is evidence of the careful attention that lie has bestowed upon his possessions. The subject is a man of most genial disposition and affable manners, which has been the means of his having formed many warm friendships throughout the county. Mr. Holman has been a hard worker all his life, but is still a very hale and hearty man for his years.

As heretofore stated, he is a native of Utica township, having been born there April 4, 1841. His father was Isaac N. Holman, who lived to quite a ripe old age. The subject married October 12, 1864, to Rosetta W'orrall, and four children were born to the couple. They were Mrs. Bailey L. Burtt, Walter J. Holman, Homer A. and Sol.

Mr. Holman has participated in politics to a large extent during his life. being an ardent and active Democrat. He has held but one political office, that of Township Supervisor. He is a member of the Christian church, and belongs to the Odd Fellows. His record in both business and politics is an honorable one, the people of the community having implicit confidence in him.

One of the well known and enterprising agriculturalists of Jefifersonville township, Clark county, who is deserving of mention in a work of this character, owing to his upright life and his public-spirit, is Walter Erie McCulloch, son of Mr. and Mrs. John McCulloch. He was born on the farm where he now resides in Jeffersonville township on Friday, August 13, 1876. Here he was reared. He attemled the public schools in New Albany, also DePauw preparatory college in New Albany and, having applied himself in a verv careful manner he received a good education. Being the youngest of the family he came into possession of the old homestead and he has lived here, carrying on farming on an extensive scale in such a manner as to stamp him an agriculturist oi the best type. He is the owner of a very fine landed estate consisting of five hundred and twenty-five acres, located about midway lietween Jeffersonville and New Albany on the interurban traction line. In 1907 he sun-eyed and platted thirty-five acres, making one hundred and forty-nine lots, and since then he has sold over one hundred of the same. He named this suburb Midway, being ambitious to make this the finest suburban residence district nf this section. It is about ten minutes" ride to Jeffersonville and New Albany and only thirty minutes to Louisville. It h-is modern advantages in the way of electric lights, telephone, and inside of two years water and gas will be accessible. Mr. McCulloch has constructed twelve up-to-date houses on these lots, and is making a sale of houses and lots on ix)pular small payments down and monthly payments without interest or taxes until the agreed amount has been paid in full, and a deed is given in case of death without further payment and cost. Mr. McCulloch was the instigator and builder of the McCulloch boulevard, which extends from McCulloch Pike ( built by his father at a cost of se\'enteen thousand and five hundred dollars) to Howard Park on the south. He also carries on farming extensively, having over three hundred acres in cultivation. The land is all highly improved, showing that a man of good judgment has its management in hand, and the McCulloch residence is modern, beautiful of design and elegantly furnished. He is an admirer of good stock and always keeps some high grade horses, cattle and hogs.

Mr. McCulloch's domestic life began on October 19, i8g8, when he was united with Edith H. Schwaninger, a native of Jeffersonville, the accomplished daughter of Abraham and Sarah (Carwardine) Schwaninger, the former a native of Switzerland and the latter of London, England. The father of Mrs. McCulloch was City Judge of Jeffersonville for several years and also served as Mayor, tilling these offices with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of all concerned. His death occurred in Jeffersonville on October 17, 1906. His widow resides with her daughter, Mrs. McCulloch, She is a woman of gracious personality. To Mr. and Mrs. ^IcCuUoch three interesting children have been born, namely : Kenneth, Ruth Agnes and Howard Schwaninger.

Mr. McCulloch in his fraternal relations is a member of New Albany Lodge, No. 270, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In politics he is a staunch Republican. He is a member of the Third Presbyterian church at New Albany, while his wife belongs to the Episcopal church in Jeft'ersonville. They are both popular in social circles and are held in high estean by a wide circle of friends owing to their h(ispitality and affability.

A scion of worthy pioneer ancestors is Omer L. Miller, Deputy United States Revenue Collector, with offices in the Federal Building. Indianapolis, well known at Jeffersonville, Clark county, Indiana, who was born at Galena, Floyd county, this state, January 19, 1871. He was reared to the honest toil of the farm and received a good elementary education at the district sclfools and later attended a business college. He is the oldest of two children born to James L. and Clara (Thurman) Miller, both natives of Floyd county, Indiana, the former having been born in 1841, the son of Jacob and Isabelle (Smith) Miller, both of Pennsylvania, where they were married, soon after moving to the then new Eldorado, settling in Floyd county, this state, and engaged in farming" in a most successful manner for those early times, and there they spent the remainder of their lives, honored by all who knew them. The names of their large family follow : George W. ; James L., father of the subject of this review; Elmer, Charles W. ; Anna, now [Mrs. John Sheets : Caroline, who married George W. AIcKinley : Harriet (Mrs. Mosier) ; Jennie (Airs. McKinley) : Belle (Mrs. Hancock).

James L. [Miller was born and reared in Floyd county. During his early youth he worked on the home farm. While yet in his teens thoughts of the great rebellion aroused his patriotism and he resolved to do something in the restoration of the Union, consequently he enlisted in the Federal army three times before the close of the war, his father having taken him from the service twice, but later decided not to interfere and allowed him to go to the front. He enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty-fourth Regiment, Indiana \'(jlunteer Infantry, in whicli he served until the close of the war. He was always on duty and in the front ranks, but he was never wounded nor made a prisoner. He received an honorable discharge after the close of hostilities. He returned home and resumed farming. Later h.e married and began farming on his own account, which he continued successfully for a number of years, finally leaving the farm and moving to Jeffersonville, where he worked in the railroad car shops, becoming a skilled finisher on passenger coaches. \\'hen free mail, delivery was inaugurated in Jeffersonville he entered the service and he delivered the first letter by the free delivery system in that city, and he is still in the city service in 1909. Although a strong Republican he has never aspired to offices outside of his present appointment. He is a worthy member of the Grand Army of the Republic. He is widely known and highly respected in Jeft'ersonville and \-icinity. His wife is the daughter of Henry C. Thurman, of Virginia, a prominent and honored early settler of Indiana. Although dying at middle age, he had Ijecome an extensive land owner. Fie was survi\'ed by a large family of children, the mother of our subject being the youngest child. Following are the names of the Thurman children: Henry, William, John, Phillip, Robert, Barney, Elizabeth, Sarah, Laura, Harriet and Clara, mother of our subject. She is a worthy member of the Presbyterian church while her husband subscribes to the Unitarian denomination. To James L. [\liller and wife two children were born, Omer L., of this review: and Nettie, the wife of H. Hazzard.

Baird S History Of Ci.Ark Co., Ixd. 9O7

\\'hen he reached manhood he began work at the Jettersonville Car \\'orks and later took a business course, after which he engaged in the grocery business in Jeffersonville, beginning in 1890. and he continued in that hue successfuhy until 1906, when he received the appointment as Deputy Revenue Collector ( Internal) for the United States, for the port of Indianapolis. He then closed out his business and moved to Indianapolis, for the purpose of assuming charge of his newly assigned duties. He has charge of fifty-nine men acting in different capacities, store keepers, gaugers, etc. He also has charge of the bonded spirits department, and full charge of the various departments of the government at the Indianapolis branch of the revenue department, and he is handling the same with accuracy and dispatch, showing that he is a man of apt business acumen.

From boyhood he has always taken a great deal of interest in politics, being a loyal Republican, and \\hile he was at Jettersonville he was active in the ranks, and he keeps well posted on curent events of state and national import, but he has never aspired to elective office. For many years he was prominently connected with the business interests of Jeffersonville and vicinity, being favorably known throughout Clark county.

Omer L. Miller was married on October 3, 1897, to Clara E. Tatspaugh, who was born in New Albany, Indiana, in 1875, a lady of intelligence and culture, the daughter of John and Julia Tatspaugh, who still live in New Albany. ]Mr. Tatspaugh is a railroad engineer, having been prominent in railroad circles for many years. He is a member of the Christian church. He is the father of two children, Cora, now Mrs. Beatte: and Clara, wife of Omer L. Miller, who is the father of one winsome daughter, born August 5, 1899. Her name is ^Marjorie.

Both ^Ir. and ^Irs. Miller are members of the Presbyterian church. They moved their membership from Jeffersonville to Indianapolis when they moved to the latter citv.

Harry C. Sharp. M. D.

This distinguished physician, one of the most eminent socialogists of the age and a reformer of high degree, is a native of Clark county, who.fe fame he has done so much to extend. His birth occurred in Charlestown, Indiana, December. 1869. his parents being James K.. and Margaret J., (Ferguson) Sharp, the latter a sister of the well known Judge C. P. Ferguson. After graduating from the high school in 1888, he entered the medical department of the University of Louisville and there obtained his degree in 1893, locating at Henryville. this county, and began active practice of his profession. In 1895 he removed to Seymour, Indiana, and in October of that year was appointed physician of the Indiana State Prison, South. In connection with others he framed and secured the passage of a bih that changed this prison to the Indiana Reformatory, working it before the Legislature, though he knew the passage would cost him his place as official physician. He was, however, re-appointed by Governor Mount and has ever since given the institution the benefit of his rare talents. He offered his resignation to take efYect on October i, 1908. but on urgent request consented to remain until the subsidence of the epidemic of typhoid fever then prevalent at the Reformatory, subsecjuentl)^ removing to Indianapolis, where he continues the practice of his profession. During his tenure at the Reformatory he had charge of about sixty-five hundred inmates, the usual average being some twelve hundred and fifty at one time. Dr. Sharp has received many evidences of esteem from fellow members of his profession and has been showered with honors, but his greatest claim to distinction is due to the leading part he took in instituting a great and epoch-making reform in the treatment of degenerates. It has long been recognized by the medical profession and sociologists that many, if not most of the insane, epileptic, ibecile. idiotic, sexual pervert, and many confirmed drunkards, prostitutes, tramps, habitual criminals and chronic paupers are by heredity degenerates. In other words they have defects that cannot be cured. If allowed to become parents their posterity increases the same defects and their number increases at a ration far greater than that of the total population. The question was how to stop this growth of degeneracy, what method would be most effective with least hardship. In studying out this vital problem. Dr. Sharp reached a remedv that is destined to enroll his name high among the benefactors of his race. He formed and took a leading part in passing through the Legislature a bill that is destined to have far-raching importance. In effect it provides that when degenerates are confined in state institutions, the proper authorities, under prescribed safeguards, may cause to be performed on them a surgical operation, known as vasecotomy, a simple easy and not \-ery painful operation, that pre\-ents procreation. Dr. Sharp has operated on two hundred and fifty such, with full opportunity to study the results and is highly pleased with the outcome. He says the results, unlike those of castration, are physicially, mentally and morally beneficial to the patient and the patients themselves favor and recommend the operation to their friends as being for their good. He has never observed any unfavorable symptoms, but the great result achieved is the prevention of the multiplication of degeneracy. It is a distinction to Clark county that this great reform began here and was instituted bv one of her citizens. Other states are now following the way pointed out by Dr. Sharp, and the discovery will undoubtetlly spread over the whole civilized world as one of the most valuable achievements in the science of sociology.

Dr. Sharp recently received letters of inquiry from Germany relative to this subject. The Cilerman g()\ernment. through the eft'i:)rts of repesentative citizens and philanthropists, has taken up the matter of changing the laws of that country in regard to degenerates and criminals and is in correspondence with the doctor for the purpose of incorporating into the German code a law similar to that of Indiana. The originator is destined to rank with Koch and Pasteur as a benefactor to the human race and Clark cmmty will recei\e the glory reflected upon her by one uf her most distinguished citizens.

Dr. Sharp has held many positions of honor and trust, among them being the president of the Third District Medical Society, and the vicepresident during 1 906-7 of the Indiana INIedical Association. He was councilor of the third Councilor District of the last mentioned association and Indiana member of the committee on medical legislation of the American Aledical Association. In 1908 he read a paper before the American Anti- Tuberculosis Association at its annual meeting in Chicago, which gained for him much favorable comment and wide distinction as a physician of learning and original thought upon the subject of that dread disease. In his discussion he took the advanced ground that rarely if ever death was lue to the direct results of tuberculosis, but in almost every instance to complications therefrom. This position has since been indorsed by practically the entire profession. He is a member of the Jeffersonville Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, and Lodge No. 362 of the Elks, of which he was exalted mler in 1907. His religious atfiliations are with the Unitarian church and his standing both socially and professionally is of the highest rank.

Elisha Carr

Elisha Carr belongs to one of the old pioneer families of Clark county. His great-grandfather, John Carr, came to this country from Ireland when ninetten years of age. He was accompanied by a brother and sister, but his father and mother both died on the ocean voyage to America. The youngpeople landed at Annapolis, ^Maryland.

Later we find his son, Thomas Carr, and wife moving from \\'estmoreland county, Pennsyh-aiiia, to Clark county. Indiana, in 1806. He settled on what is known as the Sinking Fork of Silver creek, a tract of land embracing five hundred acres, which he purchased for one thousand si.x hundred sixty-six dollars.

He was a man of influence in his time, and became a member of the famous constitution convention which sat under the great elm tree in Corydon, Indiana, and framed the state constitution in 1816. Later he was for two

3-ears a member of the General Assembly of the state, and was also an officer in one of the regiments ser\'ing in the Indian wars. He was present at Colonel Crawford's defeat. His death occurred in 1822.

One of the eleven children of Thomas Carr was Joseph Carr, who was born February 7, 1796. On February 26, 181 8. he married Nancy Drummond and they established their home where the residence of Elisha Carr is at this time. From this union came twelve children, and when the youngest of these, Elizabeth Carr, was but seven months of age, Joseph Carr died, leaving to his widow, Nancy Carr, the care of twelve children.

It was a great task for a mother to thus rear so large a family in those pioneer days. However, she proved to be a careful and successful manager, both in regard to her family and in the conduct of the estate. It may be of interest to say that of the twelve children, eleven attained their majority, one daughter having died in her eighth year.

One of these sons, Elisha Carr, who was born December 3, 1838, acquired the home farm from the various heirs, after the death of his mother, Nancy Carr. He still holds this farm, comprising now the land on which his g-rancifather, Thomas Carr, settled in 1806. It is one of the most beautiful homes in Southern Indiana.

Mr. Carr has been in every way a successful farmer and stock raiser. May 22, 1878, he was married to Alary Hess, of Cadiz, Henry county, Indiana. Her father, Milton T. Hess, and his wife, Elizabeth Shively, were born in Monongahela county, Virginia, and were brought by their parents to Indiana about the year 1830, entering farms near where Mount Summit is now situated.

Mr. and Mrs. Carr have one daughter, Lucile Carr, and it was for the purpose of placing her in Butler College that they left their home on the farm and moved to Irvington. suburb of Indianapolis, in 1900. Mr. Carr still manages his farm in Clark county, however, making frequent visits to it from his home in Indianapolis.

Miss Lillian Harmon

The many friends of this affable and estimable lady will no doubt be glad to learn more of her personal history than has heretofore been shown the public through the medium of a sketch similar to that which here follows, for she has shown herself to be capable, alert and possessing many commendable attrilxites of character, which have won for her the esteem of all with whom she has come in contact. She is the present efficient postmistress of Marv'sville.

Baird S History Of Clark Co., Ixd. Qii

INIiss Lillian Harmon was born in Oregon township. Clark county, the daughter of Daniel and Rachael C. (Bower) Harmon. Her ancestors are of sturd}" German stock. se\'en brothers of the Harmnn famiK- ha\ing cmne to America from the Fatherland, four of whom settled in Xew York and three in \'irginia : one of the three, ^^'illiam. was the son of the one that later emigrated to Indiana and settled in Clark ciamty, and he was the grandfather of Lillian Harmon. \Mlliam Harmon married Elizabeth Stoner. and they were the parents of Daniel Harmon, the subject's father, their family consisting of the following children: ^^'illiam. John. Silas. Joseph. Daniel, Elizabeth. j\Iary and Sarah.

To the subject's parents the following children were Ijiirn : ]\Iay. wife of A. H. Hemphr\-, of Marysville : Lillian the subject of this sketch: Milton E. ; ^klyrtle is the wife of Jaccb Shields, of Lexington. Lidiana. These children all received every care at the hands of their worthy parents, who were people of sterling qualities and they are all held in high respect wherever thej^ have gone.

Miss Lillian Harmon was reared on the farm in Oregon township, where she did her share of the household duties and attended the district school, having graduated fnmi the common school and rapidly developed into a lady of culture and refinement as well as an innate individuality that has shown her to be a woman of rare business ability.

Our subject moved to Marysville in 1891. and she was appointed postmistress in 1906. in which capacity she is serving in 1909 in a manner that has won the praise of everyone concerned.

She is a member of the Christian church, and she was honored by being elected district superintendent of the Christian Endeavor work in this district, faithfully ser\-ing in this capacity for a period of four years. She takes a great interest in religous and educational movements, and has become widely known in this line of work.

The Whiteside Bakery

Trulv a wonderful plant - one of the finest in the L'nited States - is that of the Whiteside Bakery, where the famous "Mother's Bread" is made, and which was established by the late Isaac F. Whiteside, a sketch of whom appears in another part of this history.

The building is a beautiful structure, reflecting much credit upon the architect, Arthur Loomis. It is IMoorish or Spanish in design. In the large tower which looms high over the lower part of the building is an immense clock, which strikes everv hour during the twentv-fnur, and at night it is es- pecially imposing, for then tlie characters descriljing the circle and declaring the hours stand forth in letters of fire, and read, "Alother's Bread." The hands of this enormous clock are also illuminated as soon as twilight comes on. It is a master time-piece and controls, electrically, all the other clocks around the building.

The building was formally opened and dedicated July i6, 1908, the fiftieth birthday of Air. Whiteside. It is a concrete and fire-proof strticture and is a real marvel among bakeries. It is located at the corner of Broadway and Fourteenth street, Louisville, Kentucky, on the tracks of the Pennsvlvania Railroad. This has a great advantage since it does away with any rehandling of materials - these coming direct from the cars to the consumer.

The flour in barrels is taken from the cars, placed directly into the large iron chutes leading to ditiferent parts of the basement storage room. The sifting and cleaning are done mechanically in the basement. A "worm" elevator runs the flour to the second floor, where great mixing machines mix the dough, going from the sifters and blenders on to the dough mixers, and into the sanitary dough troughs. These are portable and can be wheeled with their contents into the cooling room.

From this room the dough descends through iron chutes into dough dividers, thence into the "merry-go-round." The next step in the preliminary process takes place in the moulding machine, where the dough is formed into loaves for the baking pan. These loaves are placed on large portable cars and wheeled into the steam rooms, where they remain about half an hour to raise. This is quite different from the home method, where the bread has to be "set" over night for the "raising" process.

Now that it is time to begin baking the loaves are wheeled to the ovens. The oven room in the Whiteside Bakery would be a joy to any baker, and is perhaps the finest one extant. It is long and well lighted with nine ovens down each side. Tliese have a combined capacity of one hundred forty thousand loa\es daily. The ovens, which are faced with white enameled tile, are fired from the rear with coke, which is brought in by an overhead trollev. After a proper time the bread is wheeled out of the opposite side of the steam box which opens into one hundred and twenty corridors between two rows of ovens.

During the whole time of baking, pilot lights show the condition of the bread. When it is finished it is delivered to the shipping room. Twenty doors leading to as many wagons lead from this room. These wagons are lined up in a covered paved court. Delivery of the bread begins at 12 130 in the morning and the last wagons leave the court at i 145 a. m., to serve the communitv with breakfast rolls and bread.

Praise is due the architect for the splendid arrangement of lights, ventilation and extreme cleanliness, for the sanitary condition of the bakery is as near perfect as is p(issible. Just n1i()\-e the frnnt of the ovens is a wall, slightly protruding over and Ijetween it and the oven tops is a space which permits the heat to pass out. to prevent overheating the workers, as is often the case in bakeries. Much care had to lie taken in the arrangement of the skylights, etc., in order to produce the proper amount of light - light enough Uj prevent seeing into the darker o\-ens and yet enough in which to work comfortably and to show every spot of dirt that might accumulate: but the proper results were obtained by the minute arrangement of upright sky-lights over the middle of the corridor from end to end.

Bath-rooms of the most im[)ro\-ed design occup}- one part of the building. Every employee is compelled to batlie before commencing work, and is furnished by the company a freshly blundered linen suit each day before beginning work, and all workers are required to wash their hands when returning from any place al.iout tlie building where there might be a chance t(j collect the least particle of dirt.

The mechanical appliances througiniut the plant are of the very latest design. But little of the work is done by hand, the machinery even dividing and weig'hing each loaf automatically, and the least possible waste of energy is avoided in the plant, and to fully appreciate the genius of the architect one must go through the plant and observe how perfectly the various departments coincide, making one splendid svstem.

The entire building is lighted with electric lights, each light being enclosed in a glass globe for sanitary purposes, the fixtures being absolutely dust-proof. The flour sifters and blenders, as well as the machines in the moulding room, are dri\-en l)y motors attached to the ceiling. A tiny motor is also used in the testing laboratory, the Whiteside Bakery being a model both among bakeries and as to electrical installations.

This name is well known in Clark county, where oui' subject was born, and where his ancestors also maintained their homes, being numbered among" the representative pioneers here, and Mr. Watson is not only recognized as one of the leatling agriculturists of Oregon township, where he has a valuable farm pro])erty, but he has also been prominent in iniljlic affairs of a local nature and has been incumbent of offices of distinctive trust and responsibility, and he has been signally faithful to his duties of citizenship.

David \\'. Watson was born in Oregon township, Clark county, Indiana, December 28, 1853, the son of John and Catherine (Amick) Watson, John Watson was also born in Oregon township, this county, his birth occurring

March 17, 1827, the son of Robert Watson, who was of Scotch-Irish descent. John Watson is living at this writing (1009). Jnlm Watson and Catherine Amick were married in Oregon townsliip hehrnar}- 5, 1S49. Tiiey are elderly people of ninch stability of character, and are making their Immes with David W., their son. They are the parents of Ann, the wife of William McNew, of Scott county, Indiana; D. W ., of this rex'icw, being the second in order of birth; Amanda, tlie wife of Daniel Smith, of Scott county, this state.

David W. Watson was reared (.ni the farm in this couiUy, having assisted with the work about the place until he reached man's estate, attending the district schools in the meantime until he was seventeen years old, but he remained under his parental roof until he was married to Mary Taflinger, who was born in Oregon township, Clark county, August 20, 1858, the daughter of Joseph and Hester Taflinger. She was reared on a farm and receixcd her education in the district schools. The subject and wife moved on the farm where they now live, which is in Clark's grant No. 279, soon after their marriage, and they ha\'e a valuable farm, consisting of three hundred and seven acres, which is highly improved. Mr. Watsnn carries on general farming, Ijeing regarded by his neighbors as a first class agriculturist in every respect. He was formerly in the lumber business in which he prospered. He has a substantial home well located with attractive surroundings.

Mr. and Mrs. Watson are the parents of fourteen children, named as follows: Catherine, bom September 25, 1875, the wife of Charles Bonsett ; John, born November 2j, 1876, married Ida Boley; Bertha, born August ig,

1879, married Amelia Deiterlen ; William 1., born Se])tember 22, 1881, married Catherine Claddin; Elmer, born September 14, 1883. is single and living in Illinois; Lunetta, born October 9, 1885, is the wife of John Deiterlen ; Dudley, born December 3, 1887. is a teacher and is unmarried; Nellie was born January 28, 1890, and is single; Jessie, born July 14, 1892; Alta, born October 17, 1894; David, l)orn May 13. 1897; Mamie, born September 15, 1899, is deceased; Walter was born August 6, 1900.

Mr. and Mrs. Watson are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of this neighborhood. Mr. Watson is a memlier of English Lodge, Eree and Accepted Masons, also of the Marysville Lodge, rndepcndent Order of Odd Fellows, of which he is a past grand master.

In his ]j()litical relations Mr. Watson is a Democrat, and he has taken considerable interest in the alTairs of his party. He was elected Trustee of Oregon townshii) in 1900, and faithfully served in this capacity mitil 1904, and while incumbent of this office he was nominated and elected Commissioner of the Third district, and two years later, in i<)o6. was re-elected and is at this writing serving in that capacity in a manner that stamps liini as a man of excellent business qualities. His term expires January i, 19 10. During his term as Trustee he l>uilt the graded scliool at Marysxille, this enmity, and it was during- Mr. Watson's term tliat tlie magniticent eouuty infirmary was Imilt, which is a crecht to Clark county. Fur this manifestation of interest in l)ublic affairs and liis honest dealings with his fellow men, Mr. Watson is held in high favor with all who know him.

Daniel W. Bower

Daniel W. Bt)wer, Commissioner of the Second District of Clark county, and iirosperous and influential farmer of Charlestown township, has done much during his career to increase the material and moral welfare of the township in which he resides. He has been instrumental in obtaining many of the progressive innovations which have become associated with the townships with wdiich he has been connected in recent years. During his term of office the Board of Commissioners built the new county infirmary at the cost of twenty-five thousand dollars, wdiich is a credit to the county, and of much assistance to many of the inhabitants. He has been successful as a farmer, lives in a Ijeautiful spot on the banks of the Ohio, and leads a peaceful domestic life.

He was born in Oregon township on the JQtli of June, t86o, the son of lohn A. and Mary Jane (Coombs) Bower. John A. was born in Owen township, Clark county, his father, who was the grandfather of our subject, having come to Indiana from South Carolina at a \er\ earl)- date and settled in Clark county, where he lived the remainder of his life. The elder Bower was interested in the manufacture of flat boats and he followed the old custom of piloting them down the river to New Orleans from which place, having efifected a sale, he would back to Indiana overland. It was during one of these trips that he took sick at Natchez, Mississippi. Grandfather Bower was the father of eight children. They were: George, John A., Daniel, Adam, Elizabeth, Kittie, Anna and Eliza. All grew to maturity. John A. Bower was born in the old log school-house wdiere he received his early education. During his life time lie was a successful farmer and ser\'ed as Justice of the Peace. He married Maiy J. Coombs, a cousin of the late Doctor Coombs, of Charlestown. He and his family were members of the Christian church. Three children were born to John .\. Bower: Orrie, born in 1852, who was the wife of Frank J. Stutsman and is now deceased ; Benton B., wdio was born in 1857, is a farmer in Oregon township: the third was Daniel W., of this review.

Daniel ^\'. Bower was reared on the old fannstead in Oregon township, worked on the farm, and went to the district school, wdiere he got a common school education. He married Belle Graebe on November 10, 1882. Mrs.

Bower was born and reareil in Owen township, where she attended the district school. At the time of his marriage both Daniel W. Bower and his wife were in rather poor circumstances. They moved to Illinois and farmed there for awhile, returning thence to Nabb, in Washington township. In 1892, he bought the farm he now owns which contains in all one hundred and sixty acres of bottom land and one hundred and fifty-three of the old homestead. He has been quite successful financially in all agricultural ventures. In 1904 he erected a fine residence on the banks of the Ohio, eighteen miles above Louisville.

To Mr. and Mrs. Daniel W. Bower were born seven children, five of win mi are at home and all have a good common school education. His wife and family are members of the Presbyterian church, wliile he belongs to the Christian church.

Daniel W. Bower is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Lexington Lodge, No. 405. He also belongs to the Modem \Voodmen of America, and the Red Men. In politics he has e\er been a Denidcrat and has l.)een active in the affairs of his party in this county. He served as Trustee of Owen township from the year 1900 to 1904. He was then Commissioner, and served one term, being elected the second time in 1906. He is the present Commissioner of his district. In past years lie has worked strenuously for gra\'el roads in the county, as he is a firm believer in their efliciency.

Parady Payne

Parady Payne, of Henryville, Clark county, needs slight introduction to the i)eople of his township and county. He is one of the oldest settlers now living on Blue Lick road. He is the pro])rietor of the widely known Blue Lick Springs, which are justly famous for the medicinal properties of the water.

He was born on the 28th of May, 1830, in Lawrenceburg, Kentuclcy, and was the son of Thomas B. and Mary (Cofifman) Payne. Thomas B. Payne was of English descent and was by occupation a riverman, being for many years associated with the steamboat business. He died in Kentucky at a ripe old age, never having come to Indiana. His wife was of German descent. She was one of the earliest pioneers in this section of the county, and died aged sixty-seven years. Of their family our subject was the only boy of three children born to them; one of his sisters still survives in Crothersville. Parady Payne came to Clark county when about four years old. Some time about his sixth year his mother became a widow. The old salt trail, still visible on the subject's farm, and the deer trail lay across the land, while every night in those early days it was necessary to bar the doors of their log cabins to keep out the wolves. This section of the state was almost a wilderness then and on one occasion during tliis period a five luindred acre tract of land of which our subject's farm was a part was bartered for an old flint-lock gun.

Parady Payne's education was obtained in the subscription schools in the old log school-houses; he never attended a free school. In the year 1844 he started to make his own way in the world. He \entured into the cafe business, and was for many years connected with the steamboat service on the Ohio. In 1853 his marriage took place, his wife Sophia Townsend, being the daughter of John F. Townsend and Celesta Ferris, his wife, natives of New York. Mrs. Payne was born in Staten, New York, and her marriage ceremony was performed on March 20th, of the above-mentioned year, in Michigan. They then came to Monroe township, Clark county, Indiana, which has ever since been their home. The children born to them were: William H., born in 1855, married Nora Sprague; they live in New York, and have two children, both boys. James M., born in 1856, married Mattie Russell; they live in Nebraska, and have six children. Lilly C, born 1858, married Danie! Guernsey; they have two children, and live with the subject. George F.. born in t86o, is a doctor in Louisville. He graduated from the Louisville Hospital College of Medicine. He married Addie Guernsey, and has four children. Charles, born in 1862, married Katie Hawes; they live in Clark county, and have four children. Henry H., born in 1864, died when young. Blanche, born in 1866, died when nineteen years old. Arthur B., born in 1866 (twin brother of the last named), married Lizzie Manning; they live in Clark county, and have six children. A child, Eleanor, died in infancy. Katie, born in 1868, married F. W. Carney; they live in Charlestown. John Byron Payne, born in 1870, is the youngest member. He married Rose Gray; they live in Louisville, and have one child.

Parady Payne is a Democrat. He is secretary of the Township Advisory Board. He is also interested in the cemetery association, and president of the finance committee of the township. His land is contained in sections No. 265-266.

Henry Fischer

Among the energetic and prosperous agriculturists of Clark count)', whose efforts have benefited alike themselves and their community, is the subject of this sketch, who is one of the best known men in his locality, being an American by adoption only, for Mr. Fischer was born in Germany, June 22, 1845, the son of Mathias and Elizal^eth (Rockey) Fischer, the former having been born in the Fatherland and came to the LTnited States in 1853, locating in Clark county, Indiana, on the farm where the subject now lives in section S. He was a farmer and miller in the old countrv. He made the voyage to

-Xmerica in an old sailing \essel. tlie trip rei|uiriny' nearly fnnr nmntli'-:. He made two or three return trips to Europe. He followed farming until his death, Octoher 5, 1871. He was a memher of the German Reformed church, and a good Democrat, and although often solicited hy his friends to accept public office, he wduld not do so. He became well known in this countv. Mathias Fischer and wife were the j^arents of ten children. 'This family first came to New York, where they rem:iined about six months, then came to Clark county. ^lathias Fischer was born February i, iSoj, died October 25, 1871. His wife was born December 22, 1805, and died May 12, 1883. The former received his education in Germany. He was a well informed man. and a good farmer, his land lying in section 3, Wood township, where he bought a farm when he came here. It was all timber and in the wilderness, but he cleared it all r.fi and made extensive impr(_)\ements.

Henry Fischer, our subject, still lives on the old home place, where the Fi.scher family was reared. At the age of twentx-three he married Ozena Fordyce, and after her death he maried ]N[ary Temple October 10. 1872. .She was the daughter of Frank and Magdalene ( Siler) Temple. Her father came from Germain- and her mother from Switzerland. She is the oldest of nine children.

The following children ha\e Ijeen born to the sul'ject and wife: Clara Matilda, born August 14. 1873, married Hite Henry Fleistand, and they are living in Hammond, Indiana; Flora Amelia, born September 21, 1875, married Louis P. \\'agoner ; they are living in Harrison county, this state and are the parents of two children; Walter Henry, bom January 31, 1878, married Laura Jameson; they also li\-e in Harrison county, and are the parents of one child; Elmer Milton, who was born July 11, 1880, married Iva Haddox, and is living at home; Anna Nora, born October 7, 1882, is single and living at home; Hettie Pearl, born June 12. 1884, married Joseph Bowman, of Harrison county, and they are tlie parents of three chikh'en; Edgar Emil, laorn June 18, 1886, is single; Jesse Gilbert, liorn May 18, 1889, is single; Carl Leon, was born October 18, 1893.

The subject has been a farmer all his life and he has also been interested in the flour mill business, and is now interested in the mercantile business in Harrison county. He has been a hard working man and now as the twilight of old age approaches, he finds himself well fixed in reference to this world's affairs. x-\ll his time is taken is looking after his farm and other business, consequently he takes little interest in politics, merely voting the Republican ticket wdien elections come. He is a well informed man. having received some education in Germany and some in America. He delights to tell of his boyhood days and the early experiences of his father in this county, when he used to haul the products of his farm to New Albany and Louisville to market, using oxen to do the heavy hauling.