Elkhart County, Indiana - Tue Churches, 1905 (part 4 of 15)

Dr. Fleming, w^ho is the older of his parents' two sons, obtained his preliminary education in the Elkhart public schools, from which he was graduated in 1891. and soon thereafter entered the medical department of Northwestern University, at Chicago, where he was graduatetl with the degree of M. D. in 1895. He enjoyed the exceptional honor and advantage of being chosen a resident physician at the Cook County Flospital. Chicago, a jxisition which he filled during 1895-96. In Janu-

Dr. Memino- has membership with the Elkhart County Medical Society, the Indiana State Medical Society, the Tri-State Medical Association, and the \n!erican Medical Association. Fraternally he affiliates with the Royal Arcanum and the Benevolent and Protective Order of "Elks. In politics he is a Tveiiuhlican. He is a member of the board of trustees oi the Clark l-Iospital in Elkhart, and is owner of the well known Fleming Block in this city, Nos. 11 5-1 17 Marion street, an office li'lock which he erected in iqo2. He enjoys an excellent practice in surgerv, of which he makes a specialty.

John Af. Brumbaugh, whose career as a man of affairs and varied interests ])resents some points of unusual prominence from a biographical standpoint, \\'as born on a farm in Kosciusko county, Indiana, June 16, 1849. f^s 's a son of William and Catherine (Miller) Brumbaugh, who were marrietl in 1844. and the father died .\ugust 21, 1856, and the mother, in California, June 16, 1900. The father was born May 23, 1819. and the mother December 6, 1825. They were the parents of two sons and three daugiiters, but one of the sons, Henry C, died in California, September 22, 1885. The daughters are Mary E.. Annie E. and Emma.

Mr. Brumbaugh spent the first sixteen \-ears of his life in his native county, living there after his father's death until his mother sold the farm and with her children moved out tO' iMarion, Marion county, Kansas. Mr. Bnnnbaugh spent twenty-seven years of his life in Kansas, and was identified quite prominently with the official life of the state. He was a clerk in the Kansas state treasurer's of^ce at Topeka two \-ears. He lived five years at Concordia and during that time served two years as Kansas state fish commissioner. During his residence in the Sunflower state he was known as one of the stanch and steadfast Republicans, unshaken in his allegiance by the populistic movement which swept into its ranks so many members of both of the old parties. In 1891 Mr. Brumbaugh met the noted Mary E. Lease in joint debate on the topics of land, finance and transportation, and also' took prominent part in many other phases of the campaigns of those years, appearing frequently in joint discussions with Populist orators. In this connection he established a reputation as a debater and fluent speaker and showed himself <". master of many of the important problems of the day. Mr. Brumbaugh is a well educated man, although the common schools furnished his early ad\'antages, his native intelligence and prac- tical stud) of e\-erv-da_v affairs snpplyin^;^- many deficiencies whicli are often e\-en in cullege graduates. He taught school for ten years of his career. ]\[r. Brumbaugh took up his residence in Elkhart on April 22. 1892, and has lived there e\'er since. Eor three vears he was engaged in farming in Osolo township, and also filled out an unexpired tern: as trustee of that township. Well versed in econo«nic subjects and in political affairs, it was but natural that he should turn his attention to the law. He pursued his studies as opportunity offered and was admitted to the bar of this county in 1898. He was apjiointed justice of the peace in 1899. and still holds that ofiice.

Air. Brumbaugh married, in 1879, 3,Iiss Lora M. Johnson, a daughter of (ju)- C. Johnson, deceased. She died February 22, 19CK), leaving two daughters, Frances E. and Kathleen, who are both members of the Presbyterian church and ver_v pojndar members of society. In Novernber, 1904. Air. Brumliaugh marrie<l for his jiresent wife, Marie Engle. Fraternally Air. Brumbaugh affiliate.s with the Alodern Samaritans of the World.

Hon. James S. Dodge

James S. Dodge, circuit judge of the thirty-fourth judicial district of Indiana, having been elevated to the bench by the votes of the people at the November election of 1904, has spent most of his life within the limits of Elkhart county, where native ability and intense application to duty and rugged honesty have raised him to a place of commanding influence among his fello\\- citizens.

Born in Morrow county, Ohio, August 24, 1846, at the age of three years he accompanied his parents to this county. A year later, in 1830, be was deprived of the tender care of his mother, who tefore her marriage was Mellissa Shaw, a native of Pennsylvania, and in 1856 death took away also his father, Charles Dodge, who was a native of New York state. Thus left an orphan when ten years old, he returned to his mother's people in Ohio, and during- the remainder of his boyhood remained with relatives, working on a farm and attending the common schools. The quiet course of early youth was broken by the Civil war, and unable to withstand the promptings of his patriotic spirit when the armies of Lee were l^eginning their great campaign into the nortli, in June, 1863, he enlisted as a private in Company M, Third Ohio Cavalry, for three years' service or till the close of the war. He joined his regiment at Chattanooga, Sqitember 17, on the day before General Bragg attacked Rosecrans at Chickamauga, and, finding himself in the midst (.f all the stress of war but without the drill or practical knowledge of the soldier's life, thereafter, beginning with his participation in the battle of the i8th of September, he gave continuous and faithful service to the cause as a member of the gallant Third Ohio Cavalrv until the close of the war. Among the subsequent batlies in which he participated with his regiment were those of Mission- ary Ridge, Rocky-faced Ridge, Snake Creek Gap, Big Shanty, Kennesaw ]\Iountain. Peach Tree Creek, and the battles around .-Vtlanta. \Mien the latter place was lost to the Confederacy the A'ictorious brigade of which the Third Ohio was a part was ordered to follow Hood back to Nashville, where it took part in the decisive battle of December 15-16. 1864, at which the Federals under Thomas defeated the Confederates who were making a last stand under Hood. The Third Ohio was employed in the pursuit of the scattered southern forces, taking part in Wilson's raid to Selma, thence to Columbus and Macon, Georgia, and at the latter place the regiments forming the brigade were disbanded in July, 1865, and at Nashville the men were given their honorable discharge. Mr. Dodge participated in the raid and liberation of Union prisoners at Andersonville. and also' in the i>ursuit and capture of Jefferson Davis. He did not escape the dangers of war altogether, and saw his full share of hardships. At Chickamauga he received a sabre wound, and while in the rear of Atlanta a yet more severe wound, but his youth and rugged constitution caused him to sufifer onh' a brief disability from these wounds. At Farmington. Tennessee, a horse was shot from under him, Init he at once jumped upon a riderless Confederate steed and kept up with his regiment. Enlisting as a private, he became an orderly sergeant toward the close of his martial career.

In September, 1863. returning tn Elkhart, at which time he was still under ago. ]Mr. Dodge attended the city high school one term. and. having obtained a teacher's license in November, for the two following winters taught school in Penn township, St. Joseph county. In the early part of 1866 he began the study of medicine under the direction of the late R. J. Haggerty, of Elkhart. By alternate attendance :it and teaching school for three years, his ambition reached its first goal on March 31, 1869, when he graduated from the medic^ll department of the University of Michigan. At once entering upon his professional career in Elkhart, he was known as a very successful medical practitioner there up to 1884, in which year, having previously carried his studies into a new field, he was admitted to the bar. He soon rose to prominence in this new profession and also in the realm of political activity. In 1892 he receiAcd the Republican nomination for congress, but in that year of Democratic landslides all over the country he also suffered defeat. Subsequently proposed as a proper nominee for governor, geographical location ]ilaved against him in the convention and he failed of the nomination. In 1904 his party ]5laced his name on the ticket for the office of judge of the thirty-fourth judicial district, and he was elected November 8. A man of earnest convictions, of broad learning, with the dignity and aplomb- which preclude bias or neitiness from his character. Judge Dodge holds the confidence of the people to an unusual degree and has alreadv justified the wisdom of his choice

In May. 1S75, Judge Dodge married Aliss Jeannette J. Peck, a natixe nf Xew York. They ha\e two children. James S., Jr., and Bernice i' .. now a student at the I'niversity of Chicago. The son, who was horn in Elkhart. July j. \'t<y(>. and was reared here, graduated from the citv high school in i8()(). then entered the University of Indiana, where he completed a scientific coinse and graduated in iqoo. and then took ;i technical and jaractical C(.5urse in liydraulic engineering in the L'ni\ersity <if the State of Washington. Studying law under the direction (if his father, he was admitted to the bar in igoi, and has since heen in active legal practice in Elkhart. . He was married in 1903 to Miss ^Vinifred W., daughter of Dr. A. L. Fisher, of Elkhart.

John Enders

Industi'v. frugality and thrift, coupled with strictest h<inesty. are the cardinal characteristics of the ( ierman- American farmer who has attained prosperit\- in this land nf n])])ortunit\-. There are nimierous examples of this well-to-dn cla.ss nf citizens in Elkhart county, and in nine cases out of ten such men. when the_\' came to this country, hrought next to nothing as far as cash capital is concerned, but many times com]>ensated for this lack by the sturdiness and independence of their characters and their .ability to take hold nf life in a new country and accommodate themselves to all the circumstances of a rapidly growing industrial and business world. Such a man is Mr. John Enders of Olive township, whose career from the beginning to its present-day successful culmination it is the purpose of this sketch briefly to delineate.

Born in Hesse-Darmstadt. September 17. 1842, he was the fourth of six children, two sons and four datighters. born to Coiu-ad and Mary (Stumpf) Enders. His brother and two sisters are still li\-ing: Conrad is married and a farmer in the native fatherland; Elizal)eth is the widow of ^^'illiam \\'arner, a former agriculturist of Union township, this countv : Mary is the wife of Christ Eisenach, a carpenter and 'oiner living in the city of Elkhart. The father and mother both died in their native land, the former at the age of sixt\-eight and the latter when eighty-three years old. The longe\it_\- of the nrnther's family was quite remarkable, her father attaining the great age of ninety-nine vears and her mother living to be ninety-two years old. Pioth parents were meml^ers of the derman Li'theran church.

then I.iade adieu t<i his home and friends and on March 4. 1860, took passage on a sailing vessel at Bremen, whence after a Noyage of thirtyfive days die vessel landed him ai Baltimore, Maryland. Without more than twenty-five dollars in mone\- when he set his fool on American soil, among a strange people where he had decided to make hoth home and fortune, he was thenceforth compelled to rely upon his own resotn'ces and those elements of solid and honest training which he had received while under the parental roof, llis sister Barbara (now deceased) bein.g then a resident of Canada, he made her home his first destination, and after remaining with her and her husband three months they all came to Clkhart county, where they arri\-ed in July, i860. On his arrival here voung F.nders was in debt tO' his sister and -brother-in-law to the sum of Siy.84. and it has always been a matter of satisfactory memory that he liquidated this debt with some of his first earnings in this cotmtw That has been one of Mr. Enders' worthy characteristics - to pav c\er\- obligation, whether of mone\' or dutv - to the last farthing, and this trait is not tlie least among those f|ualities which ha\e made Mr. I-'nders unixersalh" admired and res])ected in his countw

.Mthough amjily educate<l in his own tongue, he realized that he must acqiu're facilitv in the use of the luiglish language before be could make the substantial progres-^ which he desired. Therefore he entered the public schools, but since the meth(jds of instruction were hardly fitted for his special needs he soon left the schoolroom and entered upon the practical career of daih' work and contact with the affairs of life. Mr. Enders is a man of thought and obserwitiou, and while not schooled accrirding to the modern methods one almost immediately feels the strength of his character and his lireadth of mind when coming into his presence. 1 )uring th.e first two \'ears spent in this countx' he took successive jobs of clearing laud, at first a fi\-e acre tract, then ten acres, then fifteen, for two }'ears. and in addition to accompli shing this laborious task after his characteristic thoroughness and adroitness, he spent the few hours of the day not devoted, to this strenuous toil in studyuig an English-German dictionary ;md regular grammar and with its aid reading all the books he could get his hrmds on.

The f:rst jiurchase of land which he made in this count\- was fort\" acres, but he had to go in debt for most of this. Bersistent industr\- paid off this obligation bv 1872. His first home was a primitive log cabin, which he erected in 1867. a.nd he has exi^erienced man\- other pioneer C(Miditions that are now no longer a part of life in this part of the world. On selling his first forty acres he purchased his present eightv acres in section 12 of 01i\'e to\vnshi]x The development which this estate has undergone through the work and management of Mr. Enders is almost inconceivable at the present time. Near his beautiful two-stor^- brick residence stands a small. weatherl)eaten frame house and also a little barn, which were the "impro\-ements in the wa\- of buildings when be bought the jilace in 1877. and the clifference Ijetween these structure-^ and the preseni: large and cnnifi)rtahle l)uil(hni;s which make up his homestead tell in a most graphic manner the stoi")' of his materia] progress and prosperity. His large -hank harn is seventy-two by forty feet in ground dimensions, with eighteen-foot posts. Fences are in excellent condition, a thousand rods of tiling drain his land, there is a splendid orchard, and general appearances in \vhate\er way you look speak of thrift, good management and solid worth.

Mr. Enders shows his interest in the progress of the )ears with their panorama of events and his desire to make permanent record i)f the fleeting scenes of life by keeping a diary of his o\vn affairs and experiences and also some of the things which happen in the world about him. Fie has followed this custom faithfully since 1872. and. in his wonderfull}- neat penmanship, has recorded all his business transactions, the state of tlie weather and manv other matters of interest to himself and family. The keeping of such a record is of itself an indication of the system and co-ordination of details which ha\'e figured so prominently in his attainment of success.

On September 16. i8'^6. Wr. Enders married Miss Xancy Fink, and in the years since that hapiiy event their home has been blessed by the advent of seven, children, three sons and four daughters. fi\-e of whom are still living: ]N[ar_\- is ihe wife of Abram Hunsberger. a ]>r<.sperous farmer of Olive township, and they have three children, Clem, Ray and Feme - iVIrs. Hun.sberger was a successful teacher five years, .\lbert, a farmer of Olive townsh.ip. married Miss Ellen E1)y and has three children. Oma. Florence and Ruth. Clara is the wife of Charles Shutts, a farmer of Olive township. John, wdio completed his literary education at the Xorthern Indiana College at \'alparaiso and who taught four years in his home district and is now a successful teacher in the city of Elkhart, carrying a thr«e years' license, is, in addition to his other w'ork, reading law and contemplates taking up practice in the near future: he married Miss Helen Dod.son. Clapton, who is likewise a well educated voung man, has directed his energies to farming in Olive township : he niarried ]\Iiss Myrtle Boose of 'XA'akarusa.

Mrs. Enders was bom Alay i, 1849, her birthplace being in Olive township onl}' a mile east of where she and her husband now reside. .She was reared and educated in this county, and since her marriage has proved an admirable helpmate to her husband in the making of a model home .and also in the proper rearing of her fine family of children. ]\Ir. Enders ruid wife are members of the German E\'angehcal society. He identifies himself prcminentlv -with all matters of local, township and countv jjnigress. and the weight of his influence can always be counted upon in the prosecutinn nf a wnrthy cause. By fulfilling conscientiously and fairlv all the duties which a lifetime brings. l)y standing firmly on the fotmdation of lus own character and keeping himself independent so far as ]iossilile frum chrmce and circumstance, by maintaining all his relations \\\ti\ family and society on the highest ])lane of honor.

he has earned the respect ami esteem of all who know him, and the hfe career of John Enders deser\-es enduring record in the history of his count}'.

Edward Lienhart

Ivlward Lienhart, a self-made, successful husiness man and influential citizen of Wakarusa, has in the Cdurse of ten years, Ijeginning" even on horrowed capital, huilt up a Ijusiness enterprise which is well on a par with any similar estahlishment in the larger cities of northern Indiana and which is recognized as the leading furniture and undertaking house in this part O'f the county. Conservative in business, having learned through wide experience to make each step carefully and surely, but in regard to public advancement and progress most liberal-spirited, I\'Ir. Lienhart is a typical representati\-e of the class who- are winningsuccess by judicioijs and most creditable methods and who are the powerwheel in eveiy up-do-date community.

Mr. Lienhart was born in Perth county, Ontario, Canada. March 9, 1861, teing second in a family of four cliildren, three sons and one daughter, horn to George and Eve (Baker) Lienhart. He has a Ivrother and sister living, ,-\dam, who is a blacksmith of Ivalamazoo, Michigan, and Lizzie, who is the wife of Irving Welsh, of Grand Rapids, Michigan. The father, who was born in Canada and died in KalamazoO' at the age of si.xty, was a skillful blacksmith, for twenty years being foreman o'f a large establishment in Kalamazoo, and was very successful in his business afifairs. Politically he was a Republican, and he and his wife, who was born in Germany and died in 1865, were members of the German Lutheran church.

Having been brought to lilkharl county at the age of three years, his parents coming here before locating at Kalamazoo and living a1x)ut three years in Wakarusa, Mr. Lienhart has been identified with the county for the greater part of his life. Losing his mother when four years old and his father not man}- years later, as an orphan boy he had to face the world alnne. After his cimimon-school days were over he took a course in the norn-ials ru Wakarusa and at Fort Wayne, and when he began earning his own way at the age of sixteen he was entirely w-ithout capital. Entering- upon his career as teacher, he taught in one township' (Madison) in St. Joseph county for thirteen years, and for two years in Elkhart county, one year in the town school of AVakarusa. He concluded to enter the medical profession, and for that purpose spent eighteen months studying under the ijrecept-orship of Dr. Sensenich, the well kufnvn physician of Wakarusa. By that time, however, he had decided on a business life, and he went into the Ixisiness of an undertaker. He has two diplomas, one from the Massachusetts College of Embalming and the other from the Barnes School of Embalming at Chicago, and also holds his state license as embalmer issued on examination. In the spring of 1896 he erected a small frame structure on West

Waterfonl street, and iliere l)eL;an with a small e(|uiiinieiu cimipared to liis present day eslalilishnient. Iiaxiii!:; hnrniwed ni< mev Ivolli for building and for ])urchasing his iirst stock. In iS()- he added a stock of furniture, and each succeeding _\-ear has witnessed a steadiK" increasing success in ever}' (le])artment of his enterjirise, indicated ni the erection of new Iniildings and broadening out along all lines. To-da}- his business is housed in a brick structure one hundred and forty by twenty-two feet, two stories, with cemen.t floor, containing a n.iost complete stock of furniture, I'.onse furnishings, kitchen ranges, ijianos, and a fine line of caskets. In i()04 he purchased an elegant $r,8oo Cunningham hearse and erected a large l.arn fortv-ti\e In' thirtv-live feet, with galvanized iron root". Out of deht, with .'i gilt-edged credit established, with an annual -^'olume of trade reaching twenty thousand dollars, Mr. Lienhart may well be proud of his successful career, for it was without a start based on capital and by dint of industry and ajnservative management and business uitegrit}' and fair treatment that he has gained and merited his present condition. In addition to his princi]?al business, he is owner of a cottage home, a well imijroved fa.rm of one hundred acres in Madi- -son township. St. Joseph county, and also a half section in Da\'ison county. South Dakota, two miles from Mitchell, the county seat. He is thus one of the most substantial business men of his part of the county. Imminently public-spirited, he has always taken much interest in his town and countv as civic communities, and his influence is found on the side of progress. He is a Republican in politics and cast his first presidential vote for James G. Blaine.

March 26, 1882. IMr. Lienhart married Miss Annettie Shaum. They ha\ e a large and hapjiy family, who have always been under the Ijest of home influences and those who have entered practical careers are .showing good abilitv and j^jrospects of fine success. The children named from oldest to voungest are as follows: Calvin Irving, who is a graduate of the \A^akarusa high school and also attended Elkhart high school, is now a successful teacher in Olive township and intends to embark in the real estate business, being already owner of a section of land in Colorado; Lizzie L'rsula. who was educated in the home high school, is a modiste ; Emma Elnora. \\'ho will enter high school in 1906; Mable May, in the seventh grade: Edna Ruth, in the fourth grade: Dewey, also in school: and Albert Karl and Goldie Marie, the youngest. Mrs. Lienhart was lx)rn in Wayne county, Ohio, l"ebruar\' 15. 1863. was reared to the age of thirteen in her native state, and thereafter in Indiana, receiving her education in the public schools. I ler father, Josepli Shaum, lives in St. Toseph countv and is a prosperous farnter. She is a ineniber of the Women's Relief Corps and one of the esteemed ladies of ^^'akarusa.

ously useful as a factor for the upbuilding of his community, and business and industrial affairs have felt the impulse of his activity in and about W'akarusa for a numlier of years.

Mr. Gulp was lx)m in Elkhart county, ^lay 25. 1862. being the third in a family of ten children, seven sons and three daughters, whose parents were Josiah and Susannah ( Gulp) Gulp. Of the ten. five are iiving. Amos is a carpenter of W'akarusa; Reulsen is a farmer living in Olive township; Lydia is the wife of A. L. Moyer, a farmer of St. Joseph county; Sarah is the wife of Andy Matz. of Marshal! county, Indiana. The father, wlio was a native of Ohio and now resides in ^larshall count\ . this state, icjcated in Elkhart county about 1857, and was a successful agriculturist here for a number of years. He is an ardent Republican, and he and his wife were Mennonites. The mother died at the age of forty-one.

Mr. Gulp lived on a farm until attaining his majority. A common sch<y3l education, since supplemented by close observation and application to all matters connected with his advancement in the world, has sufficed him for his career. As early as the age of thirteen he \)cgan learning the carpenter's trade as apprentice under his uncle, and until 1893 followed with little l)reak his trade in \Yakarusa and vicinity. He began taking building contracts at the age of twenty-one. and as one goes al out this part of the county numerous beautiful residences may be pointed out as the result of Mr. Gulp's skill and workmanship.

July 19. 1884. Mr. Gulp, who was then twenty-two years old and at the auspicious beginning of his career, married Miss Emma Kronk. Mrs. Gulp, whose father is one of the leading citizens of W'akarusa. was born in this county and was educated mainly in the Wakariusa schools. After his marriage Mr. Gulp spent one year in Elkhart, but then returned to W'akarusa and resumed his career as contractor. It is with considerable satisfaction that Mr. Gulp can point, from the viewpoint of his present condition, back to the time when he was twenty-two years old and with a cash capital of less than one hundred dollars, and it is due entirely to his industrs" and skill that he has become a substantial and well circumstanced citizen of the county. During those first years of his career he worked at his trade during the open seasons and during the winter was in the lumber business. He has made considerable furniture, lieing a skilled cabinet maker, and he posses.^es and trea.sures dearly some of the first pieces which he made.

The handsome Ghristian church at W'akarusa. which was dedicated in JanuaPi-. 1905. is perhaps the most conspicuous monument to Mr. Gulp's skill as an architect as also to his excellent executive ability and management displayed through all the chapters of the church's history. This beautiful edifice was built at the veiy low figure of S7.314.12. and i« one of the buildings to which the citizens of W'akarusa point with commendable pride. Mr. Gulp was a prime mover among the people '^f his denoniinatitni in securing' the erection oi a ne\v church hnnie. made the first proposition for its construction, and, when this was rejected, persisting in his plan, and with the constant co-operation of the Sunday school and other pubHc-spirited members of the congregation, he final!}- consummated the erection of a church which will long be among the most credita!)le of this town's architectural ornaments.

A stanch Ivepublican when it comes to politics, Mr. Gulp cast his first presidential vote for James G. Blaine, and has never since wavered in his support of his party. He has often l>een selected as delegate to countv conventions, btit ftn'ther participation in practical politics has been denied him because of his busy career.

in 1893 Mr. Cnlp became connected witli the Schafer and Misbler Lumber Compan\' of Wakarusa. Two \ears later he followed the company to .South Bend, where he remained eighteen months, until the dissolution of partnership, and he then accepted a position with Sanders and I^gbert of Goshen. He has been successful in business affairs, and be and his wife are now just in the ])rime of life where they can most enjoy the fruits of success.

Fraternallv he and his wife attiliate with the Knights anil Ladies of Columbia at South Bend. They are members of the First Christian church at Wakarusa, and Christian ideals and influences have always permeated their home life. He is chairman of the board of trustees, and was chairman of the building committee during the erection of the new church building. He has been superintendent of the Sunday school Five vears, and takes es]iecial interest in Christian work among the young people.

Mr. and Mrs. Culp ha\-e no children of their own, Init in the goodness of their hearts ha\e adopted their little niece Flossie. She is in the public school, bright in her studies and with fondness and talent for music, so that her foster parents have recently purchased a piano for her delectation and musical culture. Mr. and Mrs. Culp are people of aspirations, with desires reaching beyond their local confines and limitations and arc constantly seeking to broaden their lives. In line with such ambitions they made a trip to the Pacific coast in 1902, visiting Los Angeles, San Francisco, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Grand Canyon, and other points of interest included in their three months' itinerary.

Frank W. Brown, who was admittetl to the bar and located for practice at Wakarusa in June, 1899. ^^^s during the subsequent six years built up a most gratifying business in his profession and in real estate, loans, insurance, etc. A man of fine executive ability, an organizer as well as a manager, a good representative of the profession which has been most potent m shaping the civic and political destinies of our renuljlic. commanding the highest esteem among all classes of his fellow

It is also a pleasure to list Mr. Brown among the native sons of Elkhart county, for he was born on a farm in Olive township June 28, 1869, being" the third of eight children, three sons and five daughters, born to William and Anne ( Bell ) Brown, and six of the children are yet living. The father, who was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, April II, 1838, is still living in this county,, although retired from active affairs. During earlier years lie followed the trade of carpenter and joiner, at which he was a skilled workman, and has also' farmed a large part of his life. Educated in the common schools, the father remained in his native state of Pennsylvania until he wasnineteen years old. \\'hen he began his career he was without a dollar, and has made all his worldly possessions by industry and judicious economy and management. After coming to this county his first purchase of land was forty acres in Olive township, and he went in debt for most of this, but he was favored by prosperity until at one time he owned two hundred and sixty acres, while his present estate consists of one hundred and forty acres and is one of the handsome and well improved farmsteads of the township. He is a Republican in politics and has supported those doctrines since casting his first vote for Lincoln. He was a soldier of the Civil war, .serving thirteen months with Company C, Thirteenth Lidiana Volunteers, being in the engineering corps, and was under General Terry at the capture of Fort Fisher. ^Irs. .Anne Brown, the mother, was born in Indiana and died in 1876.

Mr. Brown spent the first eighteen years of his life on a farm. Well advantaged from an educational standpoint, he received his diploma from the common schools at the age of fifteen, and at nineteen was graduated from the Wakarusa high school. He also got a teacher's certificate, but has never been an active member of the profession. In the spring of 1889 he left Indiana and located near Sterling, Illinois, spending a short time on a farm there, and then went out to California, where he employed himself as farm hand, teamster and in various sorts of work for three years. On his return to his native county he took a position :n a clothing store in Wakarusa, and for the following three years sold clothing, groceries and flry goods. In 1896 entering the law department of the University of Michigan, he pursued the full course there and graduated in the class of 1899. In June of the same year he located in his home town of Wakarusa, where he has been steadily climbing the road to legal success. He is a member of the Elkhart Count}' Bar .\s.sociation.

A loyal Democrat, he cast his first vote for Cleveland and has been an effective worker in his party. In 1900 he was candidate xm his party's ticket for state representati\e, and in 1904 was candidate for prosecuting attorney. l-"raternally he is a member of the Maccabees tent at \\'akarusa.

JNIr. Brown married, August ]_', i8o4- ^liss Dora E. Letherman. They hme two little sons. Vance ]\1. and Donald. Mrs. Brown was Ijorn in this county December 21, 1873. was educated in the common schools and graduated from the Wakarusa high school, became a teacher, teaching in St. Joseph county three years and in one of the grades of the \Vakarusa schools for three years, and is thoroughly at home in all departments of social and domestic life. Her father is still living, but her mother is deceased, and she is the ynungest of eleven children, all (if whom are living. She is one of the active members of the Ladies' .\id. and of the Search Light Club, v.hich is a social and literary club with high aims and like accomplishments and is one of the imjXJrtant organizations of its kind in the county.

\h-. Brown has been an active factor in the business enterprises of his town ever since locating here. In iqoi he organized the local telephone company known as the Wakarusa Telephone Exchange, which has already over two hundred subscribers and has connections with Nappanee. South Bend. Goshen. Elkhart. Millersburg. New Paris and other local points, liesides the surrounding country. The com])any is cajiitalized at ten thousand dollars, with the following officers: C. W. Miller, president : C. C. Piatt, \ice president ; and Frank W. Brown, secretary, treasurer and manager. Mr. Brown's office is located over the Exchange Bank. He has a nice law library, and is in every -way ecjuippefl for the successful conduct of his profession and his Ixisiness enterprises.

William B. Flile. the well known attorney of Elkhart county, and prosecuting attorney for the thirty-fourth judicial district, has by sheer force of will and persistent energy and industiy worked his way to a leading position at the Elkhart county bar. Strength of mind and body, power of concentration, and general executive ability have been distinguishing points in Mr. Hile's career, and his associates often refer to him as a " hustler." which in its definiteness of application is the liighest compliment that can be paid to a man of enterprise.

Born in Ransom. Hillsdale county. Michigan. June 23. 1871, he comes of an excellent family and ancestry. His parents are George W. and Marv A. ( Stanffer ) Flile. his father a native of Summitt county. Ohio, and his mother of Center county. I^ennsylvania. His paternal grandfather, \Villiam Hile, who was born in Pennsylvania and was ot German lineage, settled near Akron, Ohio, where he was a blacksmith, and then a sh(5rt ume before the Ci\il war moved to Hillsdale county, ^lichigan. His wife's name was Sarah Zerbe. who was born in .\msterdam. Holland.

George W. Hile, the father, is a veteran of the Civil war, having served three and a half years in the Sixty-fourth Ohio \'olunteer Lifantrv. until he was severely wounded, losing an eye at tlie liattle of

Missionary Ridge, after which lie was honorably discharged from service. He has Hved in Hillsdale county, Michigan, since his marriage, and has had a successful business career, for many years having been traveling salesman for the Walter A. Wood Machinery Company. He is an active Republican. He was married in Ohio, and his family consists of four sons and one daughter.

Spending his early years of boyhood on a farm and acquiring his preliminary education by attendance at the district schools, Mr. Hile even then had made a beginning of serious occupation, working for his father or the neighbors by the day or month. He left school at the age of fifteen and took charge of his father's farm, which he managed about four years. Coming to Elkhart in the fall of 1889, he began work in the bakery of Hile and Chamberlain, his uncles, continued at that during the winter and for the following summer drove a delivery wagon in and around Elkhart. For over four years, until September, 1895. he was in the office of the engine dispatcher of the Lake Shore Railroad. Having' in the meantime made up his mind to follow the legal profession and having carried on his studies to this end while at other employment, on leax'ing the railroad office he entered the law department of the University of Michigan, and by working his way through to pay expenses he graduated in 1898. prepared to enter upon the active practice of his profession. He came back to Elkhart and opened a law office in partnership with E. A. Baker, who had been his classmate anfl roommate in college, and they soon came into possession of a large practice. A stanch Republican in politics, in 1900 Mr. Hile was nominated and elected prosecuting attorney for the thirty-fourth judicial district (Elkhart and LaGrange counties) and was renominated and elected for the second term in 1902.

Prominent in the business circles of Goshen and esteemed in every relation of life, Frank P. Abbott was Iiorn in Essex county, Massachusetts, and is of English descent. His grandfather, Benjamin F. Abbott, was a native of Providence, Rhode Island, but spent the greater part of his life in Massachusetts. His son and the father of our subject, William W. Abbott, was b.orn in the last-named commonwealth. In 1862 he came to Elkhart county, Indiana, and five years later, in 1867, took up his abode in Goshen, where he engaged in the manufacture of piimps. When about forty-five years of age his health began to fail, and he retired from the active duties of business, his life's labors being ended in death when he had reached the sixty-fourth milestone of earth's pilgrimage. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Susan B. Rand, was a native of Massachusetts and a daughter of Parker Ranfl of that state.

She, too. was of English descent, and her death occurred at the age of seventy-five years. In their family were six children, three daughters and three sons, but one of the number died in infancy and the youngest daughter died at the age of eighteen years. Those living are: Frank P., whose name introduces this review: Mrs. Fannie Chamberlain; William H., a resident of New York citv; and Mrs. Ruv Stockton, of New York.

I'rank P. Abbott was about six years of age when brcjught by his parents to Elkhart county. Indiana, and to its public schools he is indebted for his early educational privileges. He remained at home until his marriage, which occurred on the 27th of October, 1880. when Jennette Hascall became his wife. Slie is a daughter of Chauncey S. Hascall. one of the early settlers and pioneer merchants of Elkhart county, having been one of the first to engage in that line of trade in Goshen. Mrs. Abbott is his eldest living daughter, and was born in Goshen Augu.st 29. 1854, and she, too, received her education in its public schools. .She has become the mother of ten children, and the eight now living are Ruby, Ellis, Florence, Frank, John, Jennette. Dorothv and William. The two who have passed away are Nellie and Gertrude.

After entering upon his business career Mr. Abbott spent three years as a clerk and in driving a delivery wagon, and for several years also worked for his father in his pump manufactory. In 1881 he went to the south and in New River, Tennessee, was superintendent in a pump manufacturing plant, which he conducted until 1884, in that year entering the employ of John H. Lesh & Company, buying logs and selling lumber. In 1890 the Lesh. Prouty & Abbott Lumber Company was organized at East Chicago, of which Mr. Abbott became the manager, and at the death of Mr. Lesh became the president and general manager of the company. In addition thereto he also has interests in several large lumber companies in the south, and is vice president of tiie State Bank of Goshen, also a director in -the Elkhart County Loan & Trust Company, of Goshen. Throughout his entire career his business ability has been constantly manifested in one phase or another, showing unlimited possibilities, and the extensive concerns of which he is now the head are monuments to his wonderful power. He is a stanch and lifelong Republican, and has ever taken an active interest in public afi^airs.

Frank Jackson

Perhaps no character stands out more conspicuously in the early history of Elkhart county than that of the famous old Indian fighter, pioneer, landowner, farmer, man of affairs and public position. Col. John Jackson. Rugged and forceful in character, picturesque in per.sonality, a man of action and influence, he has left the impress of his life and deeds upon this county in a way that challenges studied attention and brings one again and again to the ct)nsideration of his career. His per- sonal histoi}- and ihe results df his wdrk in this Cduntx" have been described at length in otlier i.'urtions of this \ohinie. and are referred to here onl)' as an introduction to tlie life liistorj' of his grandson, Frank Jackson, whose own career has lieen replete with the activity and success which has marked the Jackson family throughout, and who, furthermore, deserves particular mention and interest from the citizens of this county from the fact that he resides on the \eritable old Jackson homestead which was settled by Colonel John o\-er seventy-five years ago.

Frank Jacksf)n was bcirn in Jaclcson t(i\\nshi]i - named after Co-lonel John - March 13. 1847. l''"^ father was Ira Jackson, a son of the pioneer, and his mother was Susan A. (Smith) Jackson, he being the third in their family of five children, three sons and two daughters. He is the only representative of this branch of the family now living.

Ira Jackson, the fatiier. was born in Ross county. Ohio. Noveml3er 18, 1819, and it was m)t until October 16. 1903. that this county was deprived of this venerable citizen. He had accompanied his parents to this county when ten years old, his father bringing the familv in covered wagon and in true pioneer .style across the swamps and through the dense forests which interposed all the way between their Ohio home and their destination in the not yet organized Elkhart county. At the edge of Elkhart prairie, in what later became Jackson townshii). Colonel Jackson entered a hundred antl sixty acres of government land. This was the limit of the amount which could be taken up by one indix-idual, but the Colonel acquired a great block of land in that vicinity by having his friends make entries which he later purchased. Frank Jackson lives on the original one hundred and sixtv, and his home is on the identical spot where stood the log cabin erected in 1828. One of the valuaWe souvenirs in his possession is a walking cane, carved from a log which once formed a side of the 1( ^g cabin, and on which is the following inscription :

Among the other interesting relics preserved at the Jackson home is a long sickle bar from, one of the first McCormick machines ever used in the county. .\ notable collection of old deeds such as can hardly be duplicated anywhere forms another feature of the historical archives which Mr. Jackson is zealously preserving. There are ten of these parchment deeds, seven of them executed under the hand and seal of President .Andrew Jackson, being dated in 1831 and 1832. and the other three deeds were executed in the years 1837-38 by President Martin Van Buren. These documents are the first titles ever drawn to a large area of land in this part of the count)-, and their historical interest and value will increase from \e:iv to year. Mr. Frank Jackson has some of his father's old transcribed books in arithmetic, which were all written with a goosequlll pen and are dated in 1838-40. This was in the days when the pounds, shihings and i^ence signs were used in the examples instead of dohars and cents.

Indians and wild animals and game were equally plentiful during the first years that the Jackson family lived in this county, nearly all their land was turned over by the old-style wooden plows and ox teams, grain was threshed out by the treading process or the flail, flax skutching and the use of spinning wheels were familiar customs, and all the 'various modes of life described elsewhere in tliis volume were experienced and witnessed to by the Jackson family.

Ira Jackson was throughout life one of the stanch and e\-er-ready supporters of old-fashioned Democracy. Fraternally he affiliated with die Masonic lodge, No. 12, at Goshen. He and his good wife were mem- Ijers and active supporters of the Methodist church. The mother of Frank Jackson, who' was born in New York state January 16. 1823, and who came to Elkhart county when a girl of fifteen years, died Septemlier JO, 1889, after a happy wedded life of forty-eight years.

Mr. Frank Jackson accjuired his education in the common schools and frt)m one term in the Goshen high school, and from youth up has won his way by strenuous application and hard labor. He li\'ed at home until his majority, at which time he entered the employ oi his lirother, a merchant in Ligonier, as salesman, and four years later invested his capital in Imsiness and was for twenty years one of the enterprising and successful business men of Ligonier. At the request of his father he returnefl to the old homestead and resumed agricultural pursuits, to which he has dex'oted his energies up to the present time.

October 6. 1875, Mr. Jackson married ]\[iss Emma Dunning, and the ti\ e children born to them are all living. \\'illiam C, who completed his education in the Ligonier high school and who is now connected w itli a large clothing house of Chicago, married Miss Harriet Andrews and has one child, Stanley. Ira B., who was educated in the Ligonier schools, is also connected with a large clothing firm, but makes his home with his parents. Clara, who received her education in the Ligonier and Goshen high schools, graduated as professional nurse from the Baptist Hospital at Chicago and is now on constant duty as one of the successful nurses in that city. John R., a mechanic and resident of \\'aterford ^lills, married Miss Pearl Castetter and has a little daughter, Virginia. Arthur D., the A'oungest of the home circle, is in the fifth grade of the public schools and is one of the brightest students, his grades always averaging o\-er ninety.

\[rs. Jackson, who was Imrn in b'airlielil dainty, Ohio, January 20, 1854. is a daughter of Louis J. and .\nna (Huber) Dunning. There were six children, two sons and four daughters, in the family, and the four still living are: Jesse L.. postmaster at Ligonier. and is married: Lucinda, who resides at Goshen and is the widow of \\'i!liam .\. Jackson, a brother of Frank: Mrs. Frank bihnson : ami Flizab.etli. a resident of

Ligonier. Mrs. Jackson's fatlier. wlm was Ijoni at Millerlon. Dutchess county, Xew York, in 1815, ar.d died April 23, 1900, was one of the a1>le men of this locaHty and came from an old New York family whose antecedents and record are of the best. His grandmother was a sister of William Cullen Br\-ant. and the family was represented by several of its members in the Revolutionary war. Mrs. Jackson's father was a Repulilican in politics. Her mother, also a native of Fairfield county, Ohio, died October 31, igoi. and the}- were both members of the Presbyterian church. Mrs. Jackson came to Noble county with her parents when she was five years old and was reared there, receiving- her education in the Ligonier schools.

jMr. Jackson is a Denioci-at in politics, and has fraternal affiliations with Lodge No. 185 of the IMasons at Ligonier. His wife is a member of the Methodist church. The Jackson farm contains one hundred and forty-three acres, and their frame residence is, in part, one of the oldest if not the oldest house in Elkhart county.

J. S. Inks. M. D.

Dr. J. S. Liks, engaged in the jiractice of medicine in Nappanee, where his capability has found ready recognition in a large patronage, was born in Columbus, Franklin coimty, Ohio, April 14. 184S. His paternal grandfather, Jehu Inks, buih near Iientun. Indiana, a sawmill and com cracker - the first of the kind in the locality - and thus contributed tn the earlv material development of the county. Thomas Inks, father of Dr. Inks, w-as likewise a native of F'ranklin county, Ohio, and w-as brought to Elkhart county in 1820, when he was a young lad. Here he was reared amid the usual surroundings and conditions of pioneer life. He learned the trades of stone and marble cutting and later he engaged in merchandising. Fie made his home for some years in or near Wakarusa and built the first house in that place. In 1848 he removed to Ohio, but after a short time returned to this county, where he remained until 1862. In response to the country's need, he then enlisted for service in the L'nion army and for three years followed the stars and stripes upon the battlefields of the south. Willi the exception of seven years his entire life was spent in this county, and he was numbered among the pioneer settlers of Elkhart count)-, who ever manifested a sincere and helpful interest in its progress and improvement. His political allegiance was given the Deniocratic party. In early manhood be married Elizabeth Moore, whose faniily came to Elkhart countv about 1838. ^Ir. Inks passed away at the age of seventy-seven years, while his wife died at the age of sevent}--five years. Tlieir family numbered four sons and three daughters, and with the exception of one who died in infancy all reached adult age.

Dr. Inks, the second child and eldest son. was a ]>ui)il in the public schofjls of Elkhart also attended the first normal scbon] of Elk- hart oouiity. in Elkhart City, and cMmipleted his more specifically literary education in the Northern Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso. Choosing the medical profession as a life worlc. he prepared for practice by a course in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago, the medical department of the Illinois Uni\-ersity. and was graduated with the class of 1884. He practiced through the succeeding four years at W'akarusa, Elkliart count}-, and then came to Nappanee. where he has since remained, his practice growing with the passing years until the extent of his business indicates in unmistakable terms the large measure of confidence reposed in him by the pulilic.

On the 9th i>f ;\Jay. iHji). Dr. Inks was married to Miss Maiy Yant. " daughter of Andrew and lAelinc { 'j'ower ) ^'ant. Three children ha\-e been born to them: l^lla, the wife of Elmer Core, of Elkhart county: Charles A., a ph\sician. wh.o is associated with his father in ]3ractice; and Nellie, who died in childhood.

1 )r. and ]\Irs. Inks hold membership in the German Bajitist church and are deeply interested in its work and the extension of its influence, lie gives his political support to the Democracy, and under President Cleveland served as United States examining surgeon for six years. He is also surgeon for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and he belongs to the County, State and American Medical Associations, wherebv he continually broadens his knowledge and promotes his usefulness through the interchange of ideas and experiences in the meetings of those organizations. Dr. Inks was the first health officer elected in Xappanee and is still the incumlient of this office.

George Stuckman. for many years an honored and respected citizen of Elkhart county, was born in Union township, I'ebruaiy 22. 1838. His father, Martin Stuckman, was a nati\-e of Pennsylvania and in early manhood came westward to northwestern Indiana, establishing his home in Elkhart county when Goshen contained only a few log cabins and when the work of impro\-ement and progress seemed scarcely begun. His was the first marriage celebrated in Union township, and he cast the first vote in the township. In fact his name is closely associated with the early history of the cnunty. and is now found uixjn the roll of honored dead. He took a hel])fnl jiart in promoting early improvement and aided in laying bmad and devf, the foundation for the present upbuilding and prosperitv of this portion of the state. He passed away at the \-ery \-enerable age of ninety-seven years.

George .Stuckman \\as 1»rn. reared and educated in Union townshij) and taught school for twenty terms, following that profession successfullv through the winter seasons, while in the summer months he engaged in farming. He had the aliility to impart clearly and concisely to others the knowledge that be had ac(]uired. and he did much tn ad- vance tlie standaril of education in this part of the state. He has for a number of years been extensively engaged in bee culture and now has one hundred stands of bees, making- a specialty of the raising of queen Iiees, which he ships to all parts of the United States and tO' Canada. He has made a close study of the business and has comprehensive knowledge connected with the apiary and of the best methods of caring for the bees and the honey.

George Stuckman was united in marriage to Miss Emma Mc- Laughlin, who has made a notable record as a teacher. She has taught more than one hundred terms, and in addition to her educational work that has co\e-.'ed more than a half century, she has reared a family of two sons and a daughter. She began teaching at the age of fourteen years in 1 85 1, in a little l(jg schoolhouse about three miles from jNIilford in Kosciusko county, the building being fourteen by sixteen feet. Nearly all of her teaching since that time has been in Elkhart and Kosciusko counties. She was born in Juniata county, Pennsylvania, and removed to Milford with her parents in 1845. She did not have the privilege of attending school after she was fourteen years of age, and she took advantage of county normals such as w-ere provided for teachers in the earlier days, and in later years she availed herself of the advantages of the Northern Lidiana Normal School, living for twelve years at Valparaiso and attending school there between terms. She has always kept abreast with the best thought of her profession by reading the educational periodicals and keeping in close touch with those whom she knew to be efficient in the work. .\s a result she is to-day in demand by trustees who seek the best instructors, ^^'hile in Valparaiso she wrote monthly articles on government and school discipline for the college school journal. She has also traveled quite extensively throughout the west and has thus broadened her knowdedge and experience. To Mr. and Mrs. Stuckman were born seven children, of whom four have passed away. William was one of triplets, the other two having died. He was quartermaster in the regular army and is now in New York city. Edwin D. is engaged in the practice of medicine in Nappanee. Ethel is the W'ife of Melvin Strycker, of Chicago, and is a musician and teacher of music of considerable note.

George Stuckman is now practically living retired. He is a strong temperance man and is a stanch supporter of the Prohibition party. He has never used either tobacco or liquor in any way. but has kept his life clean and pure in thought, puq^ose and conduct. He belongs to the Progressive Brethren church, and his Christian principles have been a ])ermeating influence in his relations with his fellow- men. He has been a life-long resident of Indiana, having spent almost the entire time in Elkhart county, and he is well known in this portion of the state.

Dr. Edwin D. Stuckman. the younger son of the family, and now an active and successful physician of Nappanee. was born in Locke township. Elkhart county. March 10. 1868. He was reared at the place of liis nativity, and after attending- the C(iinin<in scIkikIs he ]jnrsued a conrse of instruction at Mount Morris, llhnois. He afterward engaged in teaching for seven years, sjjending two years of that time at Lesterville, South Dakota, alxnit sixteen miles northwest of Yankton. Entering the Xorthern Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso, he was graduated in pharmacy in 1892. and then iireparin.g for the practice of medicine and surgery he completed a couise in the Indiana Medical College at Indianapolis hy graduation on the 29th of March, 1895. He located at New Paris, where he remained for three years, and since that time has been in Nappanee, wdiere as a general practitioner he has built up an e.xtensive practice that is profitable and creditable. He is continually adding to his knowledge through research and inxestigation, and his efficiency is acce])ted b}' general consent throughout his community.

In .September. 1892, Dr. Stuckman was married to Miss Sayilla Ncff, a daughter of \\'il1iam and Mary (Flory) Neff and a native of Elkhart county. Indiana. Dr. and Mrs. Stuckman now have one son - Edgar. Since proudly casting his lirst ])residential vote, the doctor has been an advncate of Ixepublican principles, and has taken an active interest in the work of the party. He is a member of the Elkhart County Medical Society and is well kmiwn throughout this part of the state as a gentleman of strong purpose and laudable ambition, who in his chosen calling has already demonstrated his right to rank with its foremost representatives.

Daniee J. Trover

Daniel J. Tro\er. for several years city attorney of Goshen and recenti}- appointed probate commissioner of Elkhart county, was born on his father's farm in Clinton township of this county, May 20, i860, and throughout his career he has lieen identified closely with his native community. Of a family which has numerous honorable connections in various jjarts of the countr\-. c<intaining names of some early settlers of Elkhart county, he was a son of John D. and Catherine ( Egli ) Troyer. The father, who was liorn in Holmes county. ( )hio, was a son of David and Elizabeth ( I'lank ) Troyer, both natives of Holmes a>unty, where David Troyer died at the age )f nearly eighty-five years. Goins.; bark st'll another remove in the ancestry, there was Joseph Trover, who was of Swiss lineage, and from his native state of Pennsylvania had become an early settler of Holmes county. Ohio. Catherine (Egli) Trover, the mother of Mr. Troyer. who was horn near Canton. Stark county, Ohio, was <if (ierman parentage, and her father. Christian Egli, settled in Clinton township of Elkhart county along in tlie e.arh' forties, where be continued to make his home until his death about t\ventv-fi\e \ears ago. John D. Troyer, the father, came to this (-(iunt\ . a single man. in 1858, was married soon after, and settled on a fami in Clinton townsbij). In 18S1 he moved to Michigan, and ten

Reared on a farm and obtaining- his prehminary edncation in the conntry schools. Mr. Troyer enjoyed excellent educational privileg'es and is one of the thoroughly learned men in the legal profession of this county. He attended the Indiana State University and later the Normal College at Dan\illc, Indiana. Securing a teacher's certificate when seventeen years old. for twentv-fonr ^-ears he was known as one of the |jrominent educators of this county. He was principal of the Benton schools two years, was one year in the North Side school in Goshen, and for a number of years a member of the faculty of Goshen high scliool. \Miile teaching he took up the study of law, studying with A. S. Zook and then with E. A. Dausman, and was admitted to the bar in 1899. j\t the death of Llewellyn Wanner he purchased the law library of the estate and opened his office in Goshen. For two years he was associated with the firm of Miller. Drake and Hubbell, but in January, 1905, he again engaged in practice alone. He was a member of the Goshen city council two years, and since May. 1902, has served as city attorney, having been twice elected to the office. In the fall of 1904 he was appointed probate commissioner for Elkhart county. In politics Mr. Troyer has always ^-oted and advocated the cause of the Republican party.

One of the pniminent fraternitv men in Goshen, Mr. Troyer has aftilialions with the Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the Maccabees, the Knights and Ladies of Columbia. He has taken an especially active part in Odd Fellowship, having for the past four years served as member of the legislative committee of the Grand Lodge of Indiana, and for some time has been secretary and a trustee of the subordinate lodge at Goshen and treasurer of the encampment. He is a member of the Reformed church in Goshen.

In 1881 Mr. Troyer married Miss Etta Brown, of Clinton townshi)!. Their living children are two daughters. Myrtle M., the elder, wIki was formerly principal of the W'akarusa schools and taught one \ear in the Goshen schools, is now the wife of V. V. Swartz, Goshen, Indiana. Miss Pearl is a stenographer in her father's office, and the only son, John, died at the age of six years. Mrs. Troyer is a daughter of Amos and Ann (Evans) Brown, who were early settlers of Clinton tfiwnship. where they both died in 189J.

The firm of f-Iartman Brothers is well known in Nappanee. and of this business combination Jacol> Flartman is a reiiresentative. He was l)orn in Elkhart county, September 6, 1849, ^"c^ i* '^ S"" "^t Adam Hartman, a native of (lermany. who came to this county at an early day. settliiig in Harrison township, where he remained for about two years. He then removed to Union township, where he improved a farm, but his last days were spent in Harrison township, where he died at an advanced age. As a pioneer settler he not only witnessed the development of the county, but assisted materially in the changes that were wrought and whicli brought about its present improved condition and prosperity. Everjmatter of progressive citizenship received his endorsement, and in as far as possible he gave tO' it his material assistance. His wife, who in her maidenhood was Elizabeth Rainer, was Ijorn in Pennsylvania and passed away in Elkhart count} . They were the parents of seven sons and three daughters, and with one exception all reached manhood or womanhood, namely : Samuel, who is engaged in dealing in produce south of Elkhart : Tobias, who was born in Ohio and is a member of the firm of Hartman Brothers; Peter, of Louisiana; .\dam R., a representative farmer living about three and a half miles west of Nappanee; Jacob of this review ; John, who is also a member of the fifm of Hartman Brothers; Emanuel, deceased; Catherine, the deceased wife of David W. Bechtel ; Elizabeth, the wife of Samuel j\Iette\'er of Newton, Kansas; and one that died in infancy.

Jacob Hartman, the se\-enth child .-md tiftli son of this faniil}-. was reared upon his father's farm in Uninn township and continued to assist him along agricultural lines until t\\enty-one years of age, when he started out to make his own way in the world, following" 1:)0th farming and carpentering for a year. (In the expiration of that period he Ijegan business on his own account at Hapton, Kosciusko county, joining his brother Sanmel in the ownership and conduct of a mercantile store. This was in 1871 and they conducted the business until 1873, when they removed to Locke, where they carried on a similar enterprise until 1875. In that year Samuel Llartman sold his interest to his brothers, Tobias and John, the firm name of Hartman Brothers being retained. .Soon after they established a branch store at Nappanee when the town was organized and carried on both stares until 1883, when they removed the stock at Locke to Nappanee. Here they have since continued as Hartman Brothers. This was one of the first stores in the town and is now the largest enterprise of tlie kind at this place. They conduct a general mercantile establishment, carrying clothing, groceries, dry goods, l)oots and shoes, notions, carpets and queensware. In fact their store is well equipped with a large line of goods and the business has grown to gratifying proportions. Hartman Brothers are recognized as leading and influential men of the town and in connection with their store they own an elevator and are largely interested in shi]iping grain. They furnish emplovment to from fifteen to twenty men and their enterprise has been an ini])ortant factor in tlie niihuilding and inipro\-ement of Nappanee

Jacob Llartman was married in 1877 to Miss .\lwelda J. Earrington, a daughter c)f William and Calissa Farrington. Mrs. Hartman was liorn in the Empire state and became a resident of Kosciusko county in lier girlluxid (la}'s. Slie dieii in I'eljruar}'. J 895, leaving two sons and two daughters: Arthur F.. who married Cinderella Jimmdns and is engaged in the hanking hnsiness in Nappanee; Melvin F., who wedded Sarah Bellman and is in the em])loy of Hartman Brothers; Iva I., wh(j is engaged in clerking in the store; I)iana B., who is engaged in hookkeeping in the store. On the 1 ith of Septeniher, 1896, Mr. Hartman was again married, his second union heing with Osa E. Heckaman. a daughter of Samuel and Sarah Heckaman of Kosciusko county. There is one child hy this marriage. Russell H.. now five years of age.

Jacob Hartman takes no active part in political affairs hut is a Prohihitionist in principle. He is well known in the cnuntw hax'ing ?pent his entire life here, and his hnsiness prominence is the result of carefullv directed effort, unfaltering diligence and strong and <leteniiine(! ])ur]K)se. He has become well-to-do. }et the accpiirement df a competence has not alone lieen the gf)al for which he was striving, for he belongs to that class of rejiresentatixe American citizens who promote the general pros]5erit\' while ;id\ancing indi\'idual interests.

John Hartman. ot the firm of Hartman Brothers, general merchants at Xappanee, is a native son of Elkhart county, who has found in the business conditions here all the opix^rtunity necessary for successful accomplishment. He was born in Union township. December 11, 185 1, and in a family of nine children was the sixth in order of birth. He early became familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist, for upon the farm he was reared and at an earl}- age he began assisting in the work of the .fields. His education was olitained in the public schools and he continued to render his father aid in the work of the farm until twentv-one vears of age. He then began working for his brother in a store and nliout a -vear later was admitted to a ])artnership under the firm style of Hartman Brothers. The\- ha\e one of the largest department .stores in the county and lia\e been \erv prosperous since instituting this Inisiness. Theirs is now tlie oldest established enterprise of X'appanee. and in volume and ini])i.)rtance their trade has kept pace with the growth, of the town, fliex' are also interested in the grain business owning an elevator and shipping grain.

In July. 1879, Johii. Hartman w^ts married to Miss Rebecca Peters, who was born in Pennsylvania and is a daughter of William Peters. Thev have three children: Ldlie. Barnetha and Horace. Mr. Hartman exercises liis right of franchise in support of the Democratic part}- and its princi])les and he served for t\vo terms or four }-ears as tow-nship trustee in Locke to\\nshi]i. He was also a men-iber of the tow-n board for ahout six \-ears and is now occupied in that capacity. His interest in the general welfare is manifest in tangihle effort for the public iji'ood. He is an active, wide-awake man. furthering \vorthv public measures, and at the same time conducting" pri\ate business interests with an aliility that has insured success.

Suiuner .\rtbur Edniands, ]\l. D.. who has within the past few years added himself to the number of able medical men of Elkhart county, is a young- physician of thorough training in his profession, of broad and expert experience, and his skill and knowledge have already advanced him to a place where he is recognized among the l.iest of Goshen's physicians and surgeons.

Born Novemljer 21, 1870, during a brief residence of his parents at Buchanan. Berrien count}-, Michigan, he is a son of John and Funma ( White ) F.dniands, both natives of the state of Massachusetts and married in that state. The paternal grandfather, Samuel Sumner Edmands. v-as a shoe manufacturer and banker at North Brookfield, and was also connected with the Boston and Albany Railroad. The maternal grandfather, A. J. White, of English and Scotch descent, followed the occupation of horticulturist and was also a music instructor. The parents of Dr. Edmands, leaving Massachusetts, w-ent to Michigan, locating first at Buchanan and then at Kalamazoo, where the father still lixes. Tlie mother died w-hen lier son Sumner was three years old. and the father afterward married again.

Dr. luhuands w-as reared in Kalamazoo, Michigan, where he attended the high school and then spent two }-ears in the Baptist college at that place. For iiis professional education he matriculated in Rush Medical College in Chicago, and was graduated from that institution in 1896. For the followdng fi\-e years lie practiced at ^Mention, Michigan, and came to Goshen in 1901. Progressive in his ideals, he has never been content witbi his attainments, and since leaving school has taken tw-o post-graduate courses to fit him n-iore thoroughly for his w-ork - one in g\necology in Chicago under Dr. A. R. Martin and one iii bacteriology in Rush Medical ("ollege. He gives some special attention to surgery, although his practice is of a general i-iature. He follows his profession closely and is connected w-ith various professional organizations - the Elkhart County Medical Society, the Indiana State Medical .Society, the Kalamazoo Academy of Medicine, Michigan State Medical Society and the .\merican Medical Association, l-'raternalh- be is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias.

Dr. Edn-iands has achieved his ow-n success, and. having been de- ])endent on his ow-n resources and labored for his self-support since he was ten vears old, he should be classed among the self-made men of our countrv. Circumstances, however, .have not handicapped him to any great extent in his career, for he has always succeeded w-ell in bis undertakings. In bis graduating class at medical college, numbering two bun-

Dr. Edmands married Aliss Elettie Essig. Dr. Edmamls' hrother Samuel is a graduate of Worcester Polytechnic Institute and is ww an electrical engineer and a jirofessor in Pratt Institute, lirooklyn.

Benjamin C. Bender, one of the young and progressive citizens of Cioshen, where he has spent jjractically all his life, now ser\'ing his second term as city clerk, was Imni in this city July if). 1H75. His parents were Jacoh j. and .Mar\- ITleu ( Crary ) Bender, His father, though now a resident of Chicago, lix-ed for a number of years in ( loshen, and followed the vocation of traveling salesman.

Mr. Bender was reared and educated in Goshen. luitering upon his business career at the earl}- age of eighteen, he then began as a commercial tra\'eler in the interests of .\. E. Kent and Sons, of Jamestown, New York, manufacturers cf hosiery, and later Sdld silks fni- Brainerd and Armstrong Compan}-. of New York. While on the road he became afllictetl with rheumatism and was ill for several years. He then held the ]5osition of bookkeeper and cashier for the (losheu Milling Company until his electinn to the oltice nf city clerk, which took place at the s]iring electicjn of i()02. and t\v(i years later he was re-elected. He is an excellent otficial and has discharged his duties with a jjainstaking care that is satisfactory to all concerned.

Mr. Bender is a stanch Republican, and fraternally is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knight Templar Masons. Pie was married in kjoj to Miss INIaud C. Divine, of Reading. Michigan.

George \\ . Ellis, who for over fifteen vears has lieen the efficient incumbent of the office of coi-,nt>' superintendent of schools for I-'lkhart county, has de\-oted almost his entire active career to educational -work.

Born in Berlin, Holmes county, Ohio, September 15, 1830, Mr. Ellis was ihe third eldest of the eight children who comprised the family of James and Mary ( Thomp.son ) Ellis. This worthy cou])le. who were ])orn in Pennsyl\-;'nia. nf Scotch-Irish lineage, and were reared in that state, w-ere married in Ohio and manv years lived at ^Vilmot, where the father died in 1871 aged forty-eight, and the mother in 1897 ai the age of se\-enty-four. Vwo of their children are no\\- deceased. The father, who was a blacksmith l;y trade, entered the L'nion ser\ice as first lieutenant of Com])aii_\- K. (^ne Hundred and Sixtv-third Ohio Infantry, but after four montlis" service was sent home with health ]5ermanently impaired, and he never regained his full strength. In politics

Reared at W'ihiiot. Ohio, where he flrst attendeil school, later studying at Smithville and at Alt. Union (Ohio) College. Mr. Ellis procured his educational ;md i>rofessional eqtiipment hy alternately teaching and attending school, so that he is really a self-educated man and has won liy his own efforts the place he occupies as an educator. Air. Ellis has been a citizen of Goshen since 18S4. Soon after coming' here he liecame principal of the South Fifth Street school, and held that place four years, until elected, in June. 1889, to the office of county superintendent, where successi\'e re-electi(ms have maintained him ever since.

Mr. Ellis is a Republican in jjolitics. and fraternall_\- is a Master Mason and a Knight of Pythias. He was married in Ohio in 1874 to Miss Ella Brey, and their family consists of four children, one son and three daughters.

Martin Henr\- Kinney, prominent for a number of years in the ]>ublic affairs of the county, is now serving as clerk of the Elkhart Circuit Court, The third generation of the family to reside in this county, he himself was born near the town of Bristol on May 27. 1862. a son of Benj.imin F. and Catherine (Layton) Kinney, the former a native of Penns)dvania and the latter of Ohio. His father accompanied his parents to Elkhart countv when he was tweh'e vears old. the family being one of the first to cast in their lot with this portion of northern Indiana, and both father and mother have lived nearly all their lives in the county, being farming ]ieo]ile anrl still living near Bristol. There were just two children, and the voimger. Charles L. Kinney, is exci:unt\- sur\e\'or and is nn\\- a contractor and sur\evor residing at l!rist<T

It is a circumstance worthy of note that both the father and mother and Charles L. Kinney as well as Mr. Martin Kinney himself have all. at dift'erent times, taught school in the same schoolhouse in this county. Martin Henry Kinney first attended the ];ublic schools of the town of Bristol, and later took a scientific course at the X^orthern Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso, where he also studied law. He has had eight vears of school teaching- experience, his last teaching being as principal of the Bristol schools. He was admitted to the bar on March 4. 1897, and has been more or less actively identified with the legal profession ever since. He resigned his place in the Bristol schools lo become deputy clerk under George H. Eister. clerk of the Elkhart Circuit Court, and continued as deputy under Clerk Louis A. Dennert. being deputy for eight years. In the fall of 1902 he was elected to his present position of clerk of the Elkhart Circuit Court, and has most capably filled the office to the present time, his present term to expire

Mr. Kinnev married <in leap-year day, February 29, 1888, Miss (iertrude Swinehart. of this county. They are the parents of three children, Joyce, Clare and Paul. Mr. Kinnay afililiates witli the Kniqhts of Pythias, the Maccabees and tlie order of Elks.

William Barger retired a few years ago from a life of well sjient activity ami usefulness and is now one of the men past the age of threescore and ten who liave given the best years of their careers to the business and industrial development of Elkhart and who may be considered tlie founders and autlmrs of much of the present stability of tlie city.

Born in Columliia county. Pennsylvania, May 12. 1831. the next to the youngest child of Ceorge Barger. who was of German stock, and .Margaret (Shock) Barger. whose nine children all grew to maturitv. at the age of three years the son William went with his parents to Seneca count v. Ohio, and spent the years of his boyhood and youth in that coinitv. i-eceiving his education in the country schonls. .\lthough reared on a farm, he learned the carpenter's trade and followed it for some years. In 1856 he located in .St. Joseph coimty. Indiana, and fluring the three years of bis residence there he gave his efforts to the clearing up of a timber farm. In 1859 he identifiefl himself with the citv of Elkhart, and for twentv-five years thereafter was a well known contractor and builder. -During that period he erected his full share of the ])rivate and business houses of this city. In 1885. in partnersbi]) with hi'- sun. be began the manufacture of iiaper boxes, and his connection with this ver^- successful enterprise continued until 1900. when he withdrew permanentl}- from active lusiness and has since lived retired. His Inisiness career lias been very successful, and in the forty vears during which he was so ])rominently identified with the business life of this citv he accumulated a large amount of property. He assisted in the organization of the FZlkhart Building and Loan Association, which later became the St. Joseph Valley .Association. In this and in many otlier wavs be has promote<I the development and uiiliuilrling of Ellcliart.

j\lr. Barger married, in 1855. Miss Cvndiia J. Cherry. Their wedded life has lasted over forty years, and in these years seven children were born to them, namely: Olinda B.. Etta, Clementina, Franklin. William H., James R.. and Adelbert, who died in infancy. Mrs. Barger died in 1896. and in 1898 Mr. Barger was married to Mrs. Carrie AT. Castetler of Elkhart.

.-\liraham Linrnln. f'lr hi^ --L'CdiKl term, has e\er since cast liis liallut for Repuljlican cani!i(lait>;. He has serx'ed un the cit}- cmmcil of Elkhart. .\ loyal Methodist, the first church of that denomination in Elkhart \vas partly Iniilt by him. and he is now a trustee and class leader in the cluu'ch and lias been treasurer of the .Sunday school e\'er since cnniint;' to the city.

(jeorge W. Hauenstein. M. D.. has been successfully engaged in the ])ractice of medicine and surgery at Elkhart since 1893. Since first opening an office be has never lost ground in bis profession either from the standp(.)int of skill or patronage, and tlie sphere of bis work is continually getting broader.

Dr. Hauenstein was born on a farm in Baugo township, January 20, 1866. His parents were Rudolph and Anna (Myers) Hauenstein, Irath of whom were born in Switzerland and were brought to the United .States m childhood. The father, who had passed all his years from boyhood in this county, died in 1SS8 .at the age of seyenty years, while the mother, who was reared in Ohio, is still living on the old homestead in Baugo township, being in good health despite her eighty- four years. They bad eight children, of whom a daughter died at the age of twaity.

Reared on a farm. Dr. Hauenstein obtained his early education in the rountr\- schools, and for a few years he taught school. Having chosen medicine as his jirofession he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Cbicag'o and on bis graduation from that well kno^yn school in 1803 be at once located for practice in Elkhart, where he has found a fruitful field for his labors and has made full use of bis ample o])15ortunities. He is a member of the Elkhart City a:id the Elkhart County medical .societies and also of the Indiana Medical Society.

Dr. Hauenstein married, in 1802, Miss Efifie Funk, and to them has beeni born one child. Russell F. They are members of the Methodist church, and are among the well known and highly respected citizens of the city of l^lkliart.

.\n(lre\\ Jackson Carper. M. D.. is noted all over northern Indiana not only as one of the foremost among the general medical practitioners of this section of the state byt more particularly as a specialist, who for \ears has treated with remarkable success cancers, eczema, and various chronic and habitual diseases. A man of intense convictions and with a correspondingly broad personality, thoroughly skilled in his profession. Dr. Carper lias gained a deservedly high reputation for ability and among the ]3eople of Elkhart county in general has infused a complete confidence in his )«)wers as a s]>ecialist and general practitioner.

county. Indiana, a son nf Adam and I'llizabeth (Cnbler) Caqier, hotli dI whom were born in IViins\ l\ania nf ( iernian descent and. cumins; fn un Ohio, settled as pioneers in Deivalb county al)out 1840. Tliey remained there the rest of their lives, the father being a farmer.

The seventh in a family of six sons and four (lan,t;hters. Dr. Carper spent th.e hrst twenty-six years of his life on the home farm. After attending the coimtry schools and later the high schools of .\uburn and Butler, at the age of twenty-two he ol:tained a teacher's certificate, and for the folIo\\ing ten years was a country schoolmaster. In the meantime lie was ])reparing for a nvn'e extended career by studying" metlicine, and in 1873 he began practice at Roan, Wabash countv, V here he continued fo\ir _\'ears, was then located at Liberty Mills ten years, followed by live yeai's at Niles, Michigan, and in J891 he located in Klkhart. lie graduated from Fort Wayne .\le<lica! College in i88j. Dr. Carper has given study and attention tn his sjiecialties for the last twenty-five years, and the cures which he has affected, notably in carcinomatous cases, all of which are treated without the use of the knife, ha\e been such as to place his fame be\(in(l the reach of envy or cavil.

Dr. Car]5er affiliates v.dth the Modern \\'t)0(lmen of America, and to whatever cause he gives his adherence he offers support w itli tlie same earnest zeal that characterizes all his professional work.

H. C. Filler

H. C. Fidler. proprietor of a drv goods store in Xappanee. was born in Lebanon county, Pennsyhania. January i. 1848. and traces liis ancestiy hack to Gotlieb Fidler. wh.o came to America in 1710, landing in New York. He was the progenitor of the family in the United States and his descendants are now numerous. Henry Fidler, father of our subject, was born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, and by occupation was a farmer, engaging in the tilling of the soil throughout the period of his active business career. He married Miss Hannah Chall, who was also a native of Pennsylvania and was descended from German ancestry. He died in the Keystone state at the age of sixty-two years, while his wife passed away at the advanced age of eighty years. In their family were ten childrai - six sons and four daughters, all of whom reached years of maturity.

H. C. Fidler. the fourth child and second son in that famil\-. is indebted to the public school system of his native state for the educational privileges he enjoyed and which prepared him for meeting life's practical and responsible duties. He continued upon the homestead farm until eighteen years of age and at that time secured a ]5osition as clerk in a little general store in the coal regions of Penns^'l\-ania. There he remaiiic'l fm" a year, after which he returned home and two years attended sclinoh He then aci'epted a clerkship in a general store in Alinersville, Pennsyh-ania, where he remained for four )ears, on the expiration of whicli period he again returned home. In 1S72 he started for the west, locating at Sotith Ilend, Indiana, where he hecame a salesman in the ilvv goods store of .\. S. Lei|) & Brother, remaining in their employ until the fall of 1S74. \t that time he once more took up his ahode in 1 'enns_\ hania, where he continued to reside until the spring of 187N. In that year he again located in South Bend and for one year clerked for 1). M. Shirley. In the spring of 1879 he went to Elkhart City, where he acted as salesnian for Broderick Brotliers & Hazelton. continuing with that house until the fall of [SSj. when he emharked in husiness on his own account at \\'akarusa in partnership with William Maurer. That connection was maintained for a1»ut nine years or until the spring of jSqi. In the fall of 189J he estahlished liis husiness at Nappanee as a dealer in dr_\- goods, and for thirteen vears has conducted his store here with a tair measiu'e of succes.s. He carries a large and well selected line of dry goods and has always studied the wishes of !he puhlic so that hy his earnest desire to i)lease. his reasonable jDrices and his honorahle husiness metlKuls he has secured a gratifying patronage.

In August. 1892. Mr. Fidler was married to Miss Clara E. Leih, a daughter of Daniel and Peary (Doane) I.eih and a native of Lagrange count\-. Indiana. The two children horn of this marriage died in infancy.

Mr. Fidler has now heen a resident of Elkhart comity, for twentysix years and has manifested a keen and zealous interest in the welfare and progress of this ]>art of the state. In his jjolitical views he has lieen a life-long Republican. He holds membership with the Christain clu':rch and his career has heen actuated by honorable moti\-es and determined purpose. Those who know him intimately gi\'e him their friendship and those whom he has met in business and ])ul)lic life entertain for him respect and esteem

A. Elmer M.W'Xinc

A. Elmer Manning, the i>resent sTitsriff of Elkhart county, was horn on a farm about four miles east of the city of Elkhart. February 22. 1863. FTis father. Anthony C. Mann.ing, a native of Ohio, came to this count\' during its pioneer e])och, leaving his home in the Buckeye state when a voung man and taking up his abode within the borders of JefYerson township, there Ix'ing at that time no railroads in the countv. and he with other earlv settlers would float flour on rafts down the Elkhart ri\er to St. Joe. Micliigan. He took an acti\-e and prominent part in the de\'elopment of this jiart of the state, aided in transforming it"^ wild lands into ])roducli\'e f.avnis, anil in other ways pronioted

ijriii^reh.s ;in(l advancement which made a once wild regidn the home lit a ])r()sperv)us people. After nian\- years uf hard lahor on the farm, however. Mr. Manning retired from agriciiltiu-al pursuits and removed to Elkhart, iri the council of which city he served several years, and in addition also serxed his townshi]) of Concord as assessor two terms and his comity as sherifl' from i8f)i to 1S62. He was twice married, becoming the father of two daughters by his first wife, while to the second union, wdien Sarah Stcckdale, the mother of our subject, became his wife, live children were liorn, four of whom arc still living. She, too. preceded him in death. ])a:-sing away at Elkhart, where he also was called upon 'o la}- down life's laliors. ;it se\'enty-eight vears. dying in the faith of the Methodist church. }]is political support was gi\-en to the Ke])ublican ])art\ .

When but ten or tweKe years of age A. I<!lmer Manning acconi- ])anied Ins parents on their removal to Elkhart, where he grew to vears of niaturity and received his education in its public schools. On reaching the age of eighteen years he b.egan work for the Western Llnion Telegrajih Company, in their construction dejjartment, where he remained for eighteen years, and for the two following vears was a member of the police force of Elkhart, Eor a similar ])erio(l he was in the employ of C. G. Conn, of the band instrument factor}-. On the expiration of that time, in 1902, he was elected sheriff of Elkhart county, by a majorit}- of 701. t(^ which position he was re-elected in 1904 by 2.325 majority. He takes an active interest in ]5olitical affairs, as a representative of Republican principles, and with a full a]>preciation of his duty and a patriotic love for his country. kee]is well informed on the issues of the day and gives his sup]>ort to all measures which he l>elieves for the public good.

Mr. Manning was married in 1S83 to Eillie B. Metzger. of Elkhart, where she received a ]jublic school education. Mr. Manning is a memter of the Knights of I'}-thi.'iS fraternity and of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

Ethan L. .Arnold, of Elkhart, a young attorney who has alreafly made his way int(j ]irominence at the bai' of the county, and who is one of the influential and active memliers of the democratic part\- in the count}-, was born on a farm in Cass county. Michigan, Januar}- 18, 1875. He is a grandson of an early settler of ]\[ichigan. (jeorge .Arnold ha\-ing come with a brother from Vermont and located in Michigan along in the carl}- days. On his jiioneer homestead was born Ahin 1-". .\rnold, tlie f;Ulier of the hdkharl atlornc}-, who was reared in his n<iti\-e state ;u-id continued the occu]iation of fanning until he moved to Elkhart about 1883 and took u]) the business of construction contractor. He and his \\ife. Sarah .\. (Keene) .\rnold, who is also a native Michigan, are well known and highly esteemed residents of Elkhart, Ethan L. arul anntlier sun lieing' their only children.

Ha>'ing li\-ed in Elkhart since he -was eight years nld, Mr. Arnold naturally feels as much at home in the city as though he were a native son. He was educated in the city schools, after which he tonk a commercial course in the Elkhart I'.usiness College, and in :S()i lie entered the law office of Chamherlain and Turner, where he remained, as an employe and student, until lyoJ. .\dmitted to the liar in igoo, he has since heen in the active ])ractice of his jirofession. he and Eorest E. Hughes being the meml^ers of :i well known and iirosperous law firm.

As has been mentioned. Mr. .\rnold i> one of the \igorous exponents oi Democracv in this conntv. He has ser\ed as chairman of the Elkhart city central comnnttee. and as \ ice chairman of the Democratic connty committee. April 17, 1905, Mr. Arnold was a])pointed a memlier of the Elkhart board of public works, and 1)\ the hoard was elected its president. He affiliates with the Modern Samaritans of the World and is a meml>er of the Century Club of Elkhart.

Jacob H. Dell

Jacob H. Dell is one of tiie citizens of W'akarusa who wnuld lie most tjuickly selected in answer to a request hn- the names of the representative men of affairs and influence in the communit}-. .\ man of stren.gth of character and high ideals, he has not only achiexed a high degree of success and prosperity in material affairs, but has gained a place of eminent usefulness and esteem in' his comnmnity.

Mr. Dell is one of the best informed men in W'akarusa concerning the history of this part of the count w He is so not only b\' longpersonal experience and ol.)ser\-ation but also liy praiseworthy interest in those details of life and ])rogress which mark' the course of e\er)- locrditv from its beginning to its attainment of distinct dignity in the ci\ic and business centers of a county or state. Hax'ing lived in the county from ]iioneer times to the present, and haxing identified himself so thort.ughly \vith the county's affairs. .\lr. Dell is ]-;nown and esteemed not only in Wakarusa and \icinit_\- but throughont the county.

Horn in this county !<"el;ruar\' _' 1 . 1S44. Mr. Dell was tlie third of the nine children, five sons and four daughters, of jacoli and Mar\- (Cripe) Dell, the names of lioth parents heing familiar in the earl\- as well as later annals of the county. I he tamily is ^lf Scotch-Irish and (lerman lineage. Mr. Dell is now the oldest of the si.x living children, his brothers and sisters being as follows: Xancy, wife of Daniel Cul|). of Nappanee; \\'iiliam, a resident of W'akarusa: Marw wife of J. E. Roose, a farmer near Wakarusa; .Solomon, a rural mail carrier at W'^akarusa ; Catherine, wife of Da\id H. Moyer. a carpenter ami joiner.

The senicir Jacoli l)ell was linni m ilie slate of Pennsyhania, was a carpenter and joiner 1)\- trade as well as a practical farmer, ami in 1834, when northern Indiana was little lietter than a wilderness, came out and cast his lot in with the ])ioneers of hLlkhart connty. puttini^' np his first log cabin near the village of (ioshen. Politicall}- first a Whig and then a Repulilican. he was an ardent snpporter of the principles lie stood for, and was a man of more than ordinar}' infinence in his commnint}-. He and his wife were members of the (lerman Baptist church. He attained tlie adxanced age of sevent}'-six years. His wife, who was also a native of Pennsyhania. and who also lived in ()hio to her ninth year, was a dan.ghter of one of the first men to he mentioned in connection with the early settlement of this county. Her father located near (ioshen in iSj(j, when the red men were more numerous than the whites in this comitry.