Elkhart County, Indiana - Tue Churches, 1905 (part 5 of 15)

Mr. Dell s])ent the lirst twenty-one \ears of his life on his father's farm, and in that tune he laid a good foundation for a useful and succes.sful career. He well remembers and can give a good description of the little log-cabin school that he attended, a structure exactly typical of those th.at are \ei-\- nnnutely described in the general Iiistory of this work, and be had many of tlie experiences in gaining an education that are there narrated. He used a goosequill pen fashioned out by the i-choolmaster's band, and an I'llenientary speller and McGuffey's reader were the books from which he gained the principal sources of his early training. ne\'er hawing had an arithmetic and securing his ready arid practical ac<|uaintance with the principles of that branch of knowledge almost entu'el}- In- personal application and stud}-. The school that he atterided was sup])orted by subscription. A character well grounded on industry and intelligent ambition was the onl\- capital on which Mr. Dell made his start in life. Thirty-se\-en cents a day for hard manual labor is a very small reward, but that was the size of his first wages. Mr. Dell, who has been identified with the sawmill and lumber industry since early days in this county, is an authorit}' on the oontlitions of forestry as they were fifty years ago. He. like man}- others, recalls with regret the frightful (le\-astation which has been wrought in the once great forest areas of this countx', and bow the magnificent lumber trees were either destroved purposelv in order to clear up the ground for agriculture or were sacrificed at ridiculously low prices.

Dell toi.k jobs at clearing the forests, and after his marriage went into partnersbi]) with C'bristian W'eriilz in the sawmill business. That was in 18C1S. and their null \\;is located on the present site of W'akarusa. no village existing here at the time cxceiit the Old Salem ])ostoffice a mile .)r s<5 to the northeast. The entire territory of OIi\'e and Harrison to\vnshi])s was densely wooded with the finest kind of lumber trees. INIr. Dell has lived in the \-icinity of \\'akarusa since 1834, tiius s])ending the princi])al ])art of his Ijovhood as well as man- hoiKl tlicre. and from an incipient community d insisting at best of three or four "shacks" has witnessed tlie town " Knee-deep-in-themnd " attain a population of eleven hundred. His enterprise and capable business management have lirought their reward in material welfare. His sawmill is one of the best equipped in the county, having a capacit\- of fourteen thou.sand feet per day. and he has had as many as seventeen teams and ten men in his em]:)U>\'. During the month of Fel>ruar\-. 1905, be paid out a thousand dollars for lalxir.

October 25, 1865, Mr. Dell married Miss Barbara Fletcher. l{ight children ha\'e iieen born of tlieir marriage, only three of whom are living. W'illiam .\.. who was educated in the common schools of Wakarusa and is now a capable carpenter and joiner, married Miss PAa Boose and has fi\e children. Xora, .Mma. Ira. Jacol) and .\lma. William A. Dell is a stanch Rejiublican. Rosa F.. who is a graduate of the Wakarxisa high school and taught fi\'e terms of school in this town, is now a student in Christian College at Meriam. this state. Hattie was one of the graduates of the \\'akarusa high school in 1905. Mrs. Dell, who is one of the most esteemed home-lovers and homemakers in the town of Wakarusa, was born in the state of Ohio, was brought to Indiana when a child, and recei\'ed her education in the common schools. She and her husband are members of the Ijeautiful Christian church which is one of the most recent additions to the public architecture of Wakarusa, and they have always done their share in all the work of the societ\-.

.\ «tanch Republican in political affairs, having cast his first vote for .\liraham Lincoln, Mr. Dell has not onl\- firmly supported his political ijrinciples but has been one of the ablest upholders of civic im- ])ro\-ement and ad\ancement in communit}' and county affairs. His fellow citizens ha\'e sent him as dele.gate to \arious county conventions. As trustee of Olive townshiji for live years he eflfected many notable improvements, erecting two schools in the country and the major part of the excellent pul>lic ^choo! in Wakarusa. He was treasurer of the school board four years, flaving been a pupil of the log-cabin school davs, he is the more thoroughly able to appreciate the changes that mark the present school system, and his entire influence is always thrtjwn for the continued ad\ancement of education. Mr. and Mrs. Dell reside in a Ijeautiful and comfortable cottage home on \\'aterford street.

Daxiel Dofrixg

Daniel Dotring is one of the ])ublic-spirited and enterprising young business men of Elkhart county, was born and has lived in this count)- liractically all his life, and since arriving at mature years has identified himself in a ])eculiarlv efllcient and beneficial way with the life and affairs of bis communitv of Wakarusa. FTe was born in Union township. .Xu.gnst 10, 1864, and was the fifth of twelve children, whose parents were John A. and Anna ( Heimerich ) Doering. l'^le\'en of the children are still li\in,t;': .VK'ina. wife of John E. Sloat. a harnessmaker at \a])]ianee; (leorge, whr> is married and living at Wakarusa. being also in the harness business: T-lnima. wife of Enos Newcomer, a jeweler i-l Xappanee; William, married, a jeweler in Nappanee; Daniel; jVnna. wife of George Miller, a teacher and carpenter at Goshen; John H.. married, who is' a dealer in vehicles at XA^akarusa; Henrw who is married and is a hreman on the Lake Shore Railroad; Sarah, wife of William Bigler. who is a mail clerk on the Lake Shore and resides in Goshen: Calvin, in partnership with his brother in the Ixiggy business at Wakarusa; Paulina, a student in the business college at South Bend.

John A. Doering, the father of this family, was born in Hesse- Cassel, Germany, July r6, 1830, and is now living in Nappanee. Formerly a tailor, he turned his attention to farming, at whicli occu]3ation he gained unusual success. He came to America when sixteen vears old, and after living in Columbiana c<iunty, Ohio, three years, came to Elkhart county In this count\ he was one of the earlv settlers, and he purchased eighty acres of land and iDy industr\- and careful attention to details paid off all indebtedness against it and in time was in comfortable circumstances. In politics he is a Democrat, and he and his w'ife are members of the ( iernian Reformed church. His wife was born in Germanv in 1836 and died in 1897.

Mr. Doering was reared, on his father's farm in L'nion townshi]) and li\-eil there till he was twent\-twii \ears old. Iia\ing in the meantime acipiired his education in the common schools with some high school w'liri-:. He had two lumilred dollars when he began his independent career, and he has made a fine showing in his business career. Learning the trade of carpenter and joiner, he followed it acti\xly two years, tlien for two years earned a living as (lri\-er of a milk wagon, and in .\ugust. 1889. entered upon a seven years' business connection wiih Mr. Newcomer, at first as apprentice and later as ])artner in the jewelry business. In 1896 he established a jewelrv store in ^\'akarusa. and daring the subsequent years has built u]) a fine trade in this line.

December J3. 1894, Mr. Doering married Miss Chloe McCloud, and they are the parents of three sons, namelv : Clio, a bright little fellow who is in the third grade of school and has ne\er missed a day's attendance or been tardy; Ward, also in school; and Dwiglit. Mrs. Doering was born in Kansas. Januarx' 9. 1874. being a daughter of Mitchell and So])hronia (Clyde) McCloud, ;ind was educated in the Nai)i:)anee high school, also baxin.g studied music. She is one of the enthusiastic religious workers of her community, being a member of the Methodist church, secretary of the Home Missionary Society and of the Ladies' .\id Society and also a teacher in the Sunday school. Mr. Doering and famil\- reside in a |3leasant little home on Elkhart

Mr. Doering oAyns ime hundred acres of the old homestead, and his ])resent material circfmstances are a "reat honor and credit to the ahihty and management he has displaxed in the transaction.s of a hii.s}' career. .\s a stanch Democrat and having cast his first yote for Cleyeland, he has lieen a delegate to the county cony'ention and has also ser\ed as chairman of the Democratic county committee, heing one of the ])roniinent and influential Democrats of the count\'. He has served two terms as a memher of the town council, and in 1904 was elected a memher of the W'akarnsa hoard of education, heing at present secretary of the hotird. He is jiresident of the W'ak-anisa Improvement Association, which was organized in Januar\'. 1905. for the promotion of the :ndir-.trial and commercial interests of the town. h^"aternally he arliliates with Lodge Xo. 2S7. K. of P.. at Xapjjanee. He as well as his wife is a loyal and acti\-e worker in the Methodist church, and has heen identified officially with the Wakarusa church for many years. He has served as superintendent of the Sunday school four years. He has the unusual record of never ha\-ing missed attendance a single Sunday in seven years, which is e\'idence enough that he displays the same interest and attention in religious work that he does in connection with husiness affairs. And it is due, wdthout douht, largely to this zeal in hehalf of any cause which he may espouse that his life has heen pi"oductix'e of such excellent results. In the church ])roper he is a memher and secretary and treasurer of the hoard (-f trustees.

Thomas .S. \ ates. now retired from a career of most successful acti\it\- as a huilder and contractor during a period of over half a centm"\-. ])ractically all of it in Elkhart county, is one of the men of mark, of great usefulness and worth in material and civic life, who hy no means sh'iuld be omitted from a history of the county.

Horn in Miami county. Ohio, .\pril jj. 1826, so that he is now in the shadow of his eightieth year, he comes of a family noted for its \-it:ilit\-. its i)rominent participation in the aft'airs of husiness and industr\-. and the integrity and personal wurtli of iis indi\-idual members. His father was Xezer \'ates. who was horn about four miles from Ca])e ^.Tav. X^ew Jersey, at the age of fotu" years was taken ]>y his ])arents to Clermont count)'. Ohio, where he was reared to the age of nineteen, then moved to ]Miami county. Ohio, was married, settled in a log caliin home. whei"e he made the beginning of a. very successful career, imi'ro\-ed an excellent farm, and died when se\-enty-three years and ten days old. having been born in iSoi and passing away in 187 I. ''"racins' the family history to other generations, there is Thomas

^'ates. !.hc fatlKT of the last-nieiiticmeil. who was also linrn in New Ierse\' and was a son of W'ilhani ^'atcs. who descended directly from an English emigi'ant that Incated in this cotintr_\- sonie time in the sex'enteenth centnrv. Priscilla Sabres, the mother of Mr. \'ates. was horn and reared in Pennsylvania, later came to Miami county, Ohio, wliere she died at the age of fort\-. Her father, Th<inias Sayres,- was a X'irginian h)' hirth and of English descent. Xezer and Priscilla Yates had eleven children, two, of the sons dying young, the rest grew to mature ^-ears and eight of them married. The father married a second time and l'\- that union had one daughter.

Mr. Tiionias S. ^ ates. the oldest of his parents' children, was reared and educated in his native county, and at the age of eighteen Ijegan learning the carjienter rmd builder's track, whicE he followed continuousl\- for lift\-four years. He has been a resident of Elkhart over half a centurv, having located in the southern part of Jackson township near Milford in Se]iteml_ier, 1853, liringing his family there in the following December, and on April 4th of the next year tocik uii his permanent abode in doshen. Xo one else in the county has a building record that can compare with his. Dwelling" houses and other classes of building all over the county attest his diligence and skill, and in his time he has seen many changes in the methods of construction as well as in the tools and equipment for conducting his work. The Presbyterian, P>aptist, Methodist, Episcopal churches in Goshen are monuments of his craft: also the old Jackson house; the remodeling of the court house and iail was intrusted to him; he superintended the building of the countv asylum; remodeled the Elotel Hascall ; Ijuilt the old high school that was Inirned in 1875. and the woolen mill, besides a great number of private resiflences. Many of the elegant homes out on Elkhart prairie were constructed l)v him. among them those of John A^iolett, John Smiley, Jacob Yoder. which were the finest private homes of their day. .\s may be inferred from the preceding, Mr. Yates has had a busy and very successful career ; at the same time he has had misfortunes, having lost all his jiropertv in i8')j and beginning the struggle of life all over again.

In 1849 ^f''- ^'^ites married Miss Jane \\yland. a daughter of Daniel \\'}'land. whose brother Jonathan built and was the projirietor <:if the Wyland mills in Jackson townshiii. which are mentioned at the ]iroper place in the general historv of the countv. Mrs. Yates was born in Greene countv. Ohio, in 1830. and was reared in Miami county, where she married. The five children of their marriage are as follows : Miss Frances, vvho is at home; George, of Elkhart; Alice, wife of Henry Smith, of Cliicago; ^Maggie, a trained nurse in Recloak. Iowa; and ]Mau(I, wife of Harve\- Smith.. Mr. Yates is a lifelong Republican. ;mil in the Piaptist church of Goshen has long been a ven- active member having filled ;ill the h\.\ offices in the same.

Charles A. Wehaieylr

diaries A. W'elimeyer. whose name is alwavs mentioned in connection with tlie leading lawyers of Elkhart county, is one of the men of self-achievement of whom this history furnishes several conspicuous examples. To his own initiative, to his diligence and perseverance, combined with his native ability, is due his success in life and in a. profession which demands unusual talents of mind and character.

Born on an Elkhart county farm in 1867, .so that lie has been throughout his life identified with the county, he was thrown on his own resources at the age of fourteen, and since that period of incipient youth has been winning his own way. At the age of sixteen he transferred the scene of his activities from the countrv to Goshen, and Iw dint of much effort gained an education in the high school of this city. He was only sixteen years old when lie was granted a certificate to teach in the co-unty, and thus e(|uip])e(l he taught two terms in one of the district schools of the county. Beginning his law studies under Baker, Defrees and Baker, ht ol)tained admittance to the bar in 1889. and since that date has been engaged in actix'e ])ractice in Goshen. He is now a member of the firm of Vail and W'ehmeyer. anrl besides his strictly legal work he discharges the duties of fire insurance inspector for Goshen and \icinitv. In politics lie is a Re]niblican, and his fraternal affiliations are with the Elks and the Maccabees.

Charles .\. l)a\is. for ove'- thirtv years ideritified w illi the business and maiiufacturing interests of Goshen, where he has resided practically ever since he was fourteen years old, is senior proprietor of the well known firm of C. .\. Davis and Son, whose lumber yards ha\e for nian\' vears sujiplied much of the Iniilding industry of this county.

F)orn ( )ctober 4. 1846, mi a fariii in Concord townshiji just two and a half miles east of the city nf Klkliart. mi the banks of the St. fiisepb. he is the son of Ci:loncl Henry G. and CxiUiiia ( Tibbits ) Dax-is. his father a natixe of Massachusetts ;nid liaxing e.anied bis title during the war of the rebellion.

His \-ounger \-ears si;eiit mi the farm, where he attended country schools, in i860 Mr. Davis came to Goshen to make it his permanent home, and with the e-xcejition of three vears, 1878-79-80, sjient in the lumber business in Chicago, he has lixod here ever since, lie attended school at Xotre Dame University one year and took two years in the college at Kalamazoo, Michigan. .\11 his ambitions for a Inisiness career lia\e centered in the lumber industry, and while _\et on the farm he ]3referred getting out log> from the timlier to any other form of farm labor. On beginning his active career he established a sawmill in

Jefferson township, but four years later came to Goshen, where for about twenty-five years he operated a sawmill on the hydraulic canal, cutting- all kinds of hardwood luml:er that grow in this vicinity. In 1890 he became connected ^vith the retail lumber business by purchasing an interest in the lumber yind of Smith Brothers, and when this business was sold out in 1898 Mr. Davis started a yard of his own at his present location. He carries all grades of lumber and manufactured building supplies, and his flourishing trade makes him one of Goshen's most substantial business men. Among his business associates in the past have been John B. Drake, now deceased, Charles W. Niedig for two years, and more recently his son Clyde H.

A Republican in ix>litics and long known as a public-spirited citizen, Mr. Davis has served two terms in the city council and in No\ember, 1900, was elected a county commissioner, taking his seat in 1901, and in 1904 was re-elected for another period of three years, and during 1904 w^as president of the board. Fraternally he is a Master Mason and is a demitted member of the Knights of Pythias.

Mr. Da\-is married, in 1871. Miss Henrietta Crider, who is a daughter of the late Benjamin H. Crider. Three children haxe l>een born of their marriage: Blanche, Clyde H., and Donald B.. who died when twelve years old.

Israel Immel

I.srael Immel, one of the enterprising. ]jractical young men of New Paris, whose progressive spirit lias been an element in the upljuilding and growth of this section of the county, was born in Elkliart county. February 22. 1870, and is the ninth in a family of ten children - four sons and six daughters, whose ]3arents were Israel and E. ( Kaughman) Immel. The father was born in Ohio, April 30, 1819, and passed away November i::. 1873. He was reared in Ohio, spending the early part of his manhood in that state, after which he came to make his home in Elkhart county, Indiana. He followed the occupation of farming and he gave his political support to the Jacksonian Democracy. Successful as the years passed, his lalwrs enabled him to acquire a valuable property and at his death he was the owner of four hundred acres of rich land in Jackson township. He was one of the honored ]>ioneers of the locality, arriving here when the red men still roamed through the forests and when deer and other wild game was to be had in abundance. Hardships and trials fell to the lot of those who^ established liomes on the frontier, but the Immel family bore all cheerfully and bravely in the endea\'or to secure a good farm and obtain through its cultivation a sulistantial financial reward. Mrs. Immel was born in Qiillicothe, Ohio. March 2T, 1837, passed awav December 25, 1902, when sixty-five years of age. She was a member of the German Baptist church and was laid to rest V>y tlie side of her husband, l)eautiful stones marking their last resting place. Of tlieir familv five are yet li\ing: Delilah, who is the wife of Lewis McClure, an agriculturist of Jackson townshi]): Matikla. the wife nf Joseph Kaughman, of Jackson township; Da\-id L, who is lixing in I'llkhart Cit_\- ; and Minnie E.. who is engaged in dressmaking in (ioshen. Indiana. Lewis, who was married and an agriculturist of New I'aris. died August 8. 1905.

Israel Tmn^el \vas reared in h'^; nati\e township, early Ijecoming familiar with the lahor of the home farm and in the jinhiic schools he oljtained his education. He is well known in Elkhart county and that his life has heen honoraljle and straightforward is indicated \)y the large circle of friends which he has. He remained with his mother until twent_\-three _\ears of age. carrying on agricultural jjursnits afterward on his own account for ten years. He inherited a tract of land of sixtv acres in [ackson townshij) after ])a}'ing to the other heirs the sum of ti\e hundred dollars. In his farmir.g ojjerations he has always heen practical and systematic. ])lacing his land under a high state of cultix'ation and carr^-ing mi his wurk in a most careful and successful manner.

Mr. Inimel has been twice married. He first wedded Miss Elva Sheline. who lived but a short time, and he married Miss Ota Clayton, on the 29th of April. 1896. She was born in Kosciusko county. Decemljer 2^. 1873. and there largely s])ent lier girlhood days. Her parents were Samuel and Hannah Clayton, who are still residents of ]\Iilford, Kosciusko county.

Mr. Immel votes with the Democracy and he cast his first presidential ballot for Grover Cleveland. He is recognized as one of the local leaders in the ranks of the party, doing all in his power to ])romote its growth and insure its success. In 1900 he was elected a trustee of Jackson township, and during his service he did much to advjiuce material improvement of his locality. He favored the employment of good teachers and thie erection of good schools and during his incumbenc_\' five iron bridges were built and three st(ine bridges. He watched carefully the interests of the general public and often through personal sacrifice promoted the welfare of the community. In T900 he erected on the north side of New Paris a pretty, modem cottage, surrounded by thirteen acres of land. The lawn is well kept and everything al)out the place indicates the thrift and enterprise of the owner. Mr. rmd Mrs. Immel are voung jjeojile worthy the regard that is uniformlv extended them and they certainly deser\c mention in this volume.

\'^alentine Berkey, for fifty year< ]jrominently identified with the business, industrial and ci\ic affairs of Elkhart county, at this writingbeing chairman of the county council, known as one of the oldest and most acti\e lumbermen in the count}-, .-is well as a very successful farmer, was born in .^onierset count}-. lVnnsy]\-ani;i. Ma}- 29. 1833. The famil}-.

of Dutcli stock, has l^een long establislied in Pennsylvania, his grandfather. Peter Berke\-. being also native to that state. His father. Daniel P. Berkey. who was born also in Somerset county, was a farmer by \'ocation. and after retiring from active pursuits came tO' Elkhart county, in 1866. where he died in his eighty-sixth year. He was an active menil^r of the German Baptist church. His wife. Fannie Huffman, was born in the same county of Pennsylvania and lived to te about eighty years old. Five of their children reached adult age: namely. David, deceased: Andrew, a resident of this county: Valentine, Marv, wife of Lewis Berkey. of Elkhart count\'. and Peter D., another well known citizen of this county.

Reared in his nati\e ccuntv and receiving his education in the district .schools. Air. Berke}' was about twenty-two years of age when he came to this county, in 1855. Locating in Elkhart township, for alxnit two years he was best known as a practical threshernian, after -which he followed the carpenter's trade for some }'ears. In 1857, after his marriage, he located on a farm in Llarrison t<;wnshi]) antl was engaged in famiing there until 1880, in which year he mo\e(l to a farm in Elkhart township, and from there, in 1890. came to his ])resent home in West Goshen, and has not been actively engaged in farming since that date. ]\Ir. Berkey is perhaps best known to the people of the county through his connection with the lumbering interests, having carried on his operations in this line, in connection with farming, for the past forty years. Tn a single season he has transacted business invoK'ing two million feet of lumber. He is now a Inner fur the Sanders- Egbert Company of Goshen, and for some years he was with John Lesh, the lumber king of Elkhart county. He still owns a farm of one hundred and se\'enteen acres in this county, and also has real estate interests in Kansas.

A lifelong and active Republican, Mr. Berkey has filled various civil offices in this county. He was townshi]) trustee for eight successive vears in Flarrison township, was township assessor and the incumbent of other local offices, and at the present time is member and chairman of the county council, the important administrative body wdiich by recent act of legislature has been given a prominent place in the civil go\'ernluent of the count) .

Mr. Berkey was luarried in 1857 to Miss Hetty Miller, and they luue spent a happy married life of nearly fifty years. She was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, October 14. 1835. being the only daughter of [(iiias and Barbara (Hay) Aliller, who were born in Pennsylvania and were both reared in Montgomery county, Ohio. Mrs. Berkev's father died at South Bend, and her mother married again. Ten children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Berkey. Those still living are as follows: Austin: Ida. wife of O. S. Compton. of Pasadena. California: Ira, married and located in South Bend: Ella, wife of Jesse Heefner. of Gnshen: Nettie, wife of Elijah Brakes, of Goshen; Floyd V., in Logansnort. The deceased children were Monroe ].. vho died at the age of forty years; Nora Belle, who died aged four years; Alvin, who died at the age of twelve; and Clermont, who was seven years old at the time of Iiis death.

Melvin Uriah Demarest, in the real estate and hrokerage business at Elkhart, has been intimately identified with the financial and business affairs of this city for a number of years. But not alone as a merchant and an ofiicial in one of the leading banks of the city is he known to nearly everycme of his fellow citizens, but also in public, fraternal and other affairs has his great interest been shown, and without doubt he is one of the broadest-gauged men of Elkhart.

Born in Broadalvin. Fulton county. New York, December 14, 1852, he was a son of David U. and Lucy C. (Johnson) Demarest. When he was but a lad his parents located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but soon returned to their old New York home and remained there till the close of the Civil war, when they once more sought a home in the west, settling at Coldwater, Michigan. The parents still live at Coldwater, where the father followed his trade of cooper until advancing old age compelled him to forego the activity upon which he so long depended for his living and which served as the basis for his comfortable circumstances.

The career of M. U. Demarest is that of a man who has made his own way since he was eleven years old, and who is therefore a self-made man in tire best sense of the term. In 1874, when a little past the age of majoritv, possessed of a fair common school education and with an aml)ition whicli meant success, though confronted with all obstacles, he came to Elkhart and took a clerical position with the dry-goods house of William Proctor. Three years later he became a partner with J. B. Davenport in the dry-goods business at LaGrange, this state. In the fall of 1880 Mr. Demarest accepted of Mr. H. E. Bucklen the position of advertising agent, and for the following ten years traveled in the interests of that great proprietary medicine company, Elkhart being his home and headquarters. His business connection with the Bucklen house was severed on account of the serious illness of his only daughter, who has never been fully restored to health, and on whose account he tliought it best to give up the life of traveling man. He took this step in September. 1891, and has since been actively associated with the business and financial affairs of Elkhart. During the following winter, with Charles N. White, he purchased three bankrupt stocks of groceries and participated in one of the liveliest mercantile wars ever known in the grocery trade of Elkhart. Then in August, 1893. he inaugurated a successful coal business under the name of the Independent Coal Company, and energy, faultless business methods and full public confidence characterized this flourishing business during the eight years in which he was connected with it. He finally sold out the business. In Septeml:)er, 1893, coincident with the inception of the coal business, he was appointed receiver for the Eagle Knitting Company, and his executive abihty enabled him to make a prompt and most satisfactory settlement of the matters of this company. Another enterprise which he organized, but which was barren of profitable results, was the Elkhart Bridge Company. In May, 1904, Mr. Demare.st organized, together witli Col. Thomas Snell. of Clinton, Illinois, and others, the Farmers and Merchants Bank of Elkhart. Those in control of this institution saw fit to continue its existence only a brief time, when they went into voluntary liquidation, and the stockholders having secured a controlling interest in the St. Joseph A'alley Bank, of which he was formerly a director, they effected a reorganization of the latter institution, of which he was a director and was elected cashier. This is one of the strongest banking houses of the county. Mr. Demarest resigned as cashier in March. 1905.

A lifelong Republican, Mr. Demarest has taken more or less active part in local politics, and has been especially interested in the welfare of his city. From 1894 to i8q8 he ser\'ed in the common council from the third ward. In June, 1899, he was elected a memlier of the school board of the cit}- schools, and at this writing is president of the board. Mr. Demarest is one of the best known Masons of northern Indiana, being now past eminent commander of Elkhart Commandery No. 31, K. T. For years he has been a leading member of the well known Century Club, of which he was secretary from 1897 to 1899, and is now a member of the board of directors.

Mr. Demarest married, in April, 1876, Miss Ida Belle Gore, of Elkhart. Their daughter and only child is Minnie Belle, A\ho is one of the popular young ladies in the social circles of this city.

J. L. Hively, D. O.. represents the osteopathic school of medical and surgical practice, and though a recent resident of Elkhart he has gained a large following and is one of the successful osteopaths of northern Indiana.

Dr. Hively is a native son of Elkhart county, having been lx>rn on a farm in Concord township, February 4, 1866, a son of Peter S. and Elizalieth H. (Cowan) Hively, both now deceased, the mother having passed away only about two years ago. The name Hively is of German origin, and Cowan is Scotch, which is a good admixture of races. Dr. Hively was just four years old when his father died, aiul he is the youngest of the nine children born to his parents.

Reared on an Elkhart county farm, he attended the country schools during his boyhood and later was a pupil in the Elkhart city schools. Leaving the farm at the age of twenty-three, he thenceforth for eight years followed railroading, and then applied himself to preparation for the medical profession. In January, 1901, he graduated from the American School of Osteopathy at Kirks\il!e, IMissouri. with the degree of

D. O. For a while he was located at Idaho Springs. Colorado, was a year at Denver, and on January 8, 1903, located permanently at Elkhart. where he ha.s gained professional prestige and a very satisfactory practice.

Dr Hively affiliates with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and he and his wife are members ot the Presbyterian church. He was married in 1892 to Miss Ruth Hart, of Elkhart, and thev are \ery popular in the social circles of this city.

Charles L. Monger, of b^lkhart. has won success in business from a start without capital or ir.Huence. He is one of the prosperous men of the city at this time, owns a considerable amount of j^rofitable real estate, cares for a large wholesale lumlier trade on the road, and in general is known as a man of enterprise and abilit}- and of excellent public spirit.

Born in Rockingham county. \'irginia. Septemljer 25. 1867. a son of William H. and Margaret ( Vauters ) Monger, both of old Virginia families and i)oth now deceased. Mr. I\Ionger at an early age gained extensive experience in the lumber business owing to the fact that his father ojierated a sawmill and manufactured large ciuantities of lumber. F'or education he enjoyed the advantages of countn- schools and the public schools of Mt. Crawfonl. Starting out f(ir In'mself at the age of twenty-one. he left Virginia and came to the city of Elkhart in the s]:!ring of 1889. He became assistant blacksmith in the Elkhart Carriage and Harness Manufacturing Company, and during the sixteen months that be was thus employed at manual labor he attendeil evening classes in the business college, and later this was supplemented liy a three months' course in tlie commercial department of Lebanon Xormal at Lebanon. Ohio. With this equipment for a ctjmmercial life added to his native ability in that line, he became bookkeeper for Newman Brothers, manufacturers of sash, doors and blinds and house furnishings, and was with them two years and a half. While with them he had lieen given the opportunity to go out on the road for the firm, and this opportunity ha\ing been well improved, he thus began his career as a traveling salesman. In 1894 he began selling lumber to the wholesale trade on commission, and he has continued this with increasii'ig success to the present time. He has achieved his own sticcess, for when he came to Elkhart some fifteen or si.xteen years ago he made the tri]> on borrow'ed money, and his own efforts have been the basis for his business prosperity. A firm believer in the material pros- ];eritv of Elkhart, he has been willing to invest his capital in this city, and in 1904 completed the Lexington building, a handsome business block on Lexington a\enue. and in 1905 erected the elegant ^Monger l>uilding, a four-stor}' and basement office Iniilding. occup\-ing ground

Monger Building History' Of Elkhart Couxtv 483

December 27. 1893, Mr. Monger married Miss Anna Titus, and at once mo\'ed into the residence which he had built in preparation for this event. They have two children. Ral|)h L. and Ruth. They are members of the Methodist church.

Charles W. I'Rlnk. M. D.

Charles \V. Frink, M. D., the son of a man who has cast distinction on the medical profession in Elkhart county, and himself one of the most prominent members of the medical fraternity in this county, was born over in LaGrange county, on a farm, January 20. 1863. a son of Char'es S. and Anabel ( Vermilye or V'ermilje ) h'rink.

On his mother's side Dr. Frink is of pure Dutch descent, representing the present generation of the family which Johannes Vermilye. of Holland, established in this countrv during its colonial epoch, and it is a matter of record that this Johannes Vermilye was one of the twentythree original grantees of the old town of Harlem, New York city.

TTis father. Dr. Charles S. Frink, who was a son of Nathan F"rink, a native of New "i'ork, was born in New York state and in early life came to Indiana, married and settled in LaGrange county. He held the office of county recorder several years. He studied medicine, graduating from the L'niversity of Michigan just before the Civil war, and volunteered his services to the Union cause. He made a distinguished record as surgeon, became lieutenant colonel, and served as medical director of the Twenty-third .\rm}- Corps. Locating in Elkhart at the close of the war, he continued in active practice here until his death, in 1893, at the age of fifty-six. Fie was a member of the American Medical Association and also of the state society, was a prominent G. A. R. man and a member of the Loyal Legion, was a Mason, and took a ver\' active part in church wcrk as a member of the Methodist denomination, lieing secretary of the lioard of trustees and contributing largely tO' the erection of the edifice where he worshiped till his death. Twice married, by his first wife he had a son and a daughter, the latter now Mrs. D. J. Yoder. a widow, living in Elkhart, b'or his second wife he married .\ngeline S. Lowe, of Philadelphia, who now survives him and hves in lilkhart- The children of the second union are Lauer S.. .\rtliur .S.. Rrdph M., Mrs. Z. F. Benfer. of Chicago, and Miss Emily.

Dr. C. W. Frink was reared in Elkhart and has spent most of his active career here. Graduating from the Elkliart High School in 1880. he entered the office of S. M. Cummins, 1). D. S.. and spent two years in the studv of dentistry. He then spent one year each in Hillsdale College, Michigan, and DePauw L'niversity in Indiana. Then in 1884 matriculating at Rush ]\Iedical College, Chicago, he graduated from that well known institution in 1887. For the following four \ ears he prac- ticed at Indianapolis, and for one year of that time was deputy coroner of Marion county. He came to Elkhart in 1891, joining his father and continuing- a joint practice until the latter's death in 1S93. and since then has carried on his large practice alone. He does a large amount of professional husiness as surgeon and medical examiner, being surgeon to the Big Four and the Indiana Electric Railroad companies, and is medical examiner for the Mutual Life of New York, the New York Life, the M;issachusetts Mutual, the Northwestern of Milwaukee, the Connecticut Mutual, the Mutual Benefit of New York, the Manhattan, and served other life insurance companies. He is a member of the county and state medical societies and of the American Medical Association, and also of the American Academy of Railway Surgeons. His religious connections are with the Presbyterian denomination.

Dr. l'"rink married, in 1889, Miss Maud Robinson, of Indianapolis. They are the parents of three children, Charles R., Miriam and Maurice M.

Albert N. Chamberlain

Alliert N. Chamberlain is well known throughout this county and this section of the state as the proprietor of the A. N. Chamberlain Medicine Company, manufacturers of the A. N. Chamberlain remedies, which have achieved a reputation as reliable and efficacious medical specifics. Tiie Chamberlain's Immediate Relief, pills and salve, have held their places as a medicine for over half a century. The business was established by Mr. Chamberlain and his father in 1850, and is the oldest and longest continued enterprise of the kind in this county.

Mr. Chamberlain was born in Onondaga county. New York, in what is now the city of Syracuse, December 27, 1832, a son of Milo and Elizabeth (Smith) Chamberlain. Each of the parents was twice married and had children by each union. When Albert N. was a year old his parents moved to Geneseo, Livingston county. New York, where he was reared, being educated in the Geneseo schools and Temple Hill College. He was in the printing business a while at Nunday Valley and also in a tin shop, and in 1850 he drove through the oil regions of Pennsylvania, where he was engaged for a time in preparing milk tanks, and in the same year arrived in Elkhart. At this point receiving ne\\s of ill luck on the part of his brother in California, he remained in this city and went to work at the tin trade. He and his father had come here together, and they soon estalilished the medicine business which the son has since continued with such remarkable success. Mr. Chamberlain has resided on lot i in Elkhart continuously since 185 1, and is numbered among the oldest residents of the city.

Jlr. Chamberlain married, May 17, 1859, Miss J\lary Sanders, of Bristol. Indiana, who died Deceml>er 24, 1883. She was the mother of the following children : Eva, who died in infancy : Garrie, deceased : Albert, deceased; Laura, ]\Irs. G. ^^^ Evans, of Fort \Vavne; Miln R.,

While a stanch Republican. ]Mr. Chamberlain has never held nor aspired to office. He has been a Master Mason since 1858, and various members of the family have taken a prominent part in the order for many years. Mr. Chamberlain has been identified very intimately with the affairs of Elkhart since he came here, and the first jewehy and notion store in town, on the corner of Main and Jackson. Avas conducted by him, although for only a short time.

Stephen Marion Cummins, D. D. S., who has successfully practiced dentistry in Elkhart for over forty years and whose realm of activity and usefulness has also extended beyond his profession and connected him with the public life of his city, was born in Ederton, Armstrong county. Pennsylvania, August 22, 1839. His parents, William S. and Isabella ]\I. (George) Cummins, were both born in Pennsyh'ania. the father being Scotch and the mother Scotch-Irish, and they li\ed and died in Pennsylvania.

Dr. Cummins, after being in the public schools, at seventeen years of age began the study of dentistry, which profession has been his life work. He lived in BlufTton, Indiana, from 1859 tO' 1861, was then located a short time in Warsaw, and on May 24, 1862, located pennanently in Elkhart, which has been the field of his dental practice since. He has long borne the reputation of being one of the most skillful dentists in this part of the state, and his training for the profession was unusually thorough, his last course having been taken at the Ohio College of Dental Surgery', at Cincinnati, where he was graduated with the degree of D. D. S. in 1870. He is a member of the Indiana State Dental Society and the Northern Indiana Dental Society.

Dr. Cummins has identified himself closely with the jjublic affairs of his city, and he was elected and served one terni as mayor, in 1885-86. He has been a Knight Templar Mason over thirty years, and is now a member of Elkhart Commandery No. 31, and is also affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective ChTler of Elks. His religious a.ssociations are with the Episcopal church.

Dr. Cummins married, in 1861, Miss Helen M. Case, who is a native of Indiana. Two of their children are living, and one died in infancy. Helen M. is the wife of V. W. VanFleet. of Elkhart, and Franc D. is the wife of R. C. Barne}-, of Elkhart.

William H. Riblet

William H. Riblet. the genial proprietor of Hotels Golden and Merchants at Elkhart, hostelries which his able management has brought to a place of well deserved distinction among the public houses of the city and c(;unty, has been prominently identitied botli in tlie semi-public capacit\- lit landlord and as a citizen with Elkhart for the past twelve years.

Born in Hanover township, Ashland county, Ohio, December 9, 1859. Mr. Rib'let was a son of Emanuel and Margaret ( Hannawalt) Riblet. His parents were born, reared and were married in Ohio, and then settled down in life on a farm in the township where William H. was bom. and tiiere they lived until death. Thirteen children were born to them, and of these five are now deceased.

The father being a farmer by \ocalion, Mr. Riblet spent his boylioocl and youth on a farm, and likewise it was the country scho'ols which furnished him his first scholastic training. He attended the Normal School of .\(la, Ohio, three years, and when twenty years old liecame a teaclier in the jiublic schools, .\fter three years" experience in Ohio he went to Kansas and taught two years in tlie country schools of Jefferson count\', and then for seven years was jirincipal of the Perry schools, that state. On leaving Kansas and taking up his residence in T'^lkhart county .Mr. Uiblet continued his educational work as principal of the East Elkhart schools, a ])osition which he filled with eminent satisfaction for eight and a half vears, onl\' resigning to become proprietor of Hotel Golden. .\ssuming control of the hotel on December 28, 1901, he has since improved every de]3artment of the institution and increased his patronage to ]>ractically the full limit of the house. The hotel is excellently well situated for the traveling ])ublic, and the conveniences and comforts are such as to attract a profitaljle business. In May, 1905, Mr. Riblet secured control of the Merchants' Hotel, wbicli is now being conducted along lines that are ])roving veiy satisfactor}- to the tra^^eling ]jublic.

.\s an educator ^Ir. Riblet gained a noteworthy success, and his retirement from that field meant the loss of a \-ery able instructor and executive. But his services to the cause of education have not been entirelv discontinued, since for the past three years he has been a member of the Elkhart board of education and is thus -^till identified ^vith educational affairs.

In 1887 Mr. Riblet married Miss Clara V. Clcuise, whose many excellent (|ualities of lieart and mind hax'e made her an ideal wife and assistant in tlie career of her husband. They are the parents of three sons. Earl, Rov and (iuy. The family attend the Presbyterian church, and in ])olitics Mr. Riblet is a Repulilican.

In viewing the mass of nianknul in the xai'iei! > iccujiations of life, the conclusion is forced upon the observer that in the \'ast majority of cases men have sought emiDloyment not in the line of their peculiar fitness, Imt in those fields where c;ii)rice or cn-cumstances have ];laced them, thus explaining the reason of the failure of ninety-fi\e per cent of those who enter commercial and iirofessional circles. In a few cases it seems that men w itli a ])eciiliar litness for a certain line lia\e taken it up. and marked success has followed. Such is the fact in the case of John W. Fieldhouse, now a well known capitalist of Elkhart, where for many years he has heen extensively engaged in the real estate business.

Mr. Fieldhouse was born on a farm near White Pigeon, Michigan, October 15, 1850, his parents being William and Hannah (Barker) Eieldhouse. The father was horn in l^"lngland and emigrated to the United -States when a young man, the voyage across the Atlantic being made in 183.2. He settled near White Pigeon, Michigan, becoming one of the pioneer residents of that locality, and there he carried on farming. His death occurred there in i88j, while his wife, also a nati\e of England, died in 1887.

Mr. b^ieldhouse acquired his educntion in the public and liigh schools at White Pigeon, and was reared to farm life, assisting in the development of the fields when not engaged with the fluties of the schoolroom. In 1871, when twentv years of age, he cmie to Elkhart with his brother and entered the retail meat business. Two years later his brother died and Mr. Eieldhouse continued the business alone, gradually extending his efforts until he became an active factor in the live-stock business, making shijjments to Chicago ind BufTalo. In 1883, however, he disposed of his interests in that line and turned his attention to real estate dealing, with an office at Xo. i 13 West Lexington a\enue. Mere he has since erected a beatttiful stone office building in which he carries on business. Since be started in this Inisiness he has purchased. i)latted an.d placed u]3on the market nine separate additions to Elkhart, located as follows: Eirst addition, north of Jackson street and east of Main street: second addition. West JefYerson street from Third street to Saint Joseph river: third addition, north of Eranklin and west of Leitch street: fourth anil fifth additions, \\'est Jack.son street, contiguous to North Fifth and North Sixth streets: sixth addition, west of Willowdale, between the Adamsville and Edwardsburg roads in the north part of the city: se\-enth addition, east of Elkhart river <ui(l between East Lexington avenue and Jackson street: eighth addition. Crawford street, west of Main street: and ninth addition. West Indiana a\-enue. Nearly all of these additions have been built up by Mr. Eieldhouse. and the buildings erected ha\'e been sold f)n monthly jjayments. thus making it ])ossible for many peojjle tt) gain homes who could not have done so had the transaction been carried on on a strictly cash basis. In all of these projects Mr. Eieldhouse has been \-ery successful. One of the additions which he made was upon river l:ott(:m land, wliirb be |)urchased and transferred into a beautiful residence district, after e\] sending twenty-five thousand dollars in filling up the tract, tlie dirt which he hauled thereto being from three to fourteen feel in de])th. This addition is now adorned with many beautiful homes, 'iiiii altogether he has erected about two hundred residences in Elkhart. In connection with the im]3ro\-ement of these different additions he has purchased and sold other ])roperty aggregating as nnich as that alreadv mentioned, and Ins business is constantly increasing, having reached its highest point during the last two years. As a speculative dealer he has certainly been very successful and his efforts have been of marked value to the city, changing unsightly krts into beautiful residence districts. He was also \ice-president of the Saint Joseph Valley Bank for fifteen years, and is a stockholder in several manufacturing industries of the city.

In political affairs Mr. Fieldhouse is also well known, being a stanch supporter of the Republican party. He served for four years in the city council of the third ward, and in 1888 was elected county commissioner for a term of three years. In kjoi he was re-elected to that office, and served until January i, IQ04.

In Elkhart, Indiana, in 1876, Air. iMeldhouse was married to Miss Alary J. Hubbard, and they have three children: Airs. Annetta 1^'rank. Airs. Carrie E. Alathias and Charles H. Fieldhouse.

Such in brief is the history of John \\^ Fieldhouse, classed to-tlay with the representative men of Elkhart. He has ever discharged his duties with marked ability and fairness, for he is a most loyal, publicspirited citizen. As a business man he has been conspicuous among his associates, not only for his success but for his. probity, fairness and lionorable methods. In everything he has been eminently practical, and this has been manifest not only in his business undertakings, but also in social and private life.

Orville C. Pcterbaugh

Or\'ille C. Puterbaugh is. at the lime of the compilation of this history, serving as township trustee of Concord township. In this state the township trustee is perhaps the most important civil official in the list of county officers, for upon the efficiency of this person depends the welfare of the township's schools as also numerous other matters of near concern to every citizen. Mr. Puterliaugh represents the public spirit, the excellent common sense, the good business ability and the broad-mindedness with which e\'ery sucli official should be clothed, and his career in office has been characterized with fidelity to his constituents and able management of all interests intrusted to his care.

Air. Puterbaugh is a lifelong resident of Concord township. Pie was born on a farm just a few miles south of the city of Elkhart, November 6, 1863, a son of Henry and Alary (Lloyd) Puterbaugh. who are now both deceased. Puterbaugh is a German name and Lloyd a Welsh, thus indicating the composite racial lineage of Air. Puterbaugh. His parents were liorn in Ohio, the mother in Aliami county, the father in Huntington county, and on leaving that state they- settled in Elkhart county, on section 20 of Concord township. They eft'ected this settlement in 1848, a date which places them among the very early settlers of this section of the county, for at the time there were no homes in their immediate neighborhood. Elkhart was a small village, and the father helped to la}- out several of the roads in his \'icinitv. He was one of the successful farmers of the township, ami passed away, honored and esteemed, in t888. aged sixty-seven years, while his good wife survived a year longer and was sixty-eight years old. They were members of the Dnnkard church. There were seven children in the family : namely, George, deceased ; Mary, now Airs. Stone ; John, who is a farmer near the old homestead; Amsey, deceased; David M., who was county assessor at the time of his death about a year ago; Mrs. Hannah J. Kurtz, of Marshalltown, Iowa, and Orville C.

J^eared on the farm, gaining his educatioin first in the countiy schools and then in the Elkhart high school, Mr. Puterbaugh first gave his serious attention and energy to farming, which he followed for five years ; then Ijecame a dealer in agricultural implements at Elkhart, from 1892 to 1896, and when fire closed him out of business in the latter year he entered the employ of the Elkhart Carriage Company as a harnessmaker, a trade which lie had learned some time previously. Two and a half years with this company were followed by similar employment m the harness department of the Indiana Bugg}^ Company, and he also followed the same line of pursuit in other towns. Returning to^ Elkhart in November, 1903, he became connected with the well known real estate and law firm of Vail and Wehmeyer.

A Republican in politics, Mr. Puterbaugh was elected to the office of trustee on that ticket in November, 1904. Fraternally he affiliates with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He married in 1886 Miss Margaret E. Cripe. and of their two children the daughter, Nina Fay, is deceased, and the son, Ernest, is now seventeen years old.

E. \\'. Hess, in the real estate and insurance business at Goshen as a member of the well known firm of Immel, Hess and Foulks, is identified most intimately with Elkhart county, her afifairs and her histoiy. Born on a farm in Elkhart township south of Goshen, October 4, 1861, he is the son of Moses N. and Mary Ann (Beckner) Hess, whose respective parents were among the ^'ery earliest settlers of Elkhart count)^ Balser Hess, which is a familiar name in Elkhart county annals and which appears on other pages of this \oIume, was the grandfather of Mr. E. W. Hess. It was another Balser, and the father of Balser, the Elkhart county pioneer, who founded the Hess family in America, coming directly from Germany to Pennsylvania. Balser Hess, the grandfather, came from Pennsylvania to Elkhart county alx>ut 1830, and w-as one of the settlers who chose as their place of residence the beautiful Elkhart prairie, his place being situated about two miles south of Goshen and on the Elkhart river. He continued to make his home in Elkhart township until death called him aw-ay at the advanced age of eighty years. He was a sturdy character, of the true pioneer type, and well

Moses X. Hess, a son of the pioneer, was born September 28. 1818, and lived in this county from 1830 until his death on December 12. 1880. Hi-; wife, a nati\-e of \'irginia, was a daughter of Daniel Beckner, who came from N'irginia and was a pioneer settler in Elkhart township, whence several }ears later he moved <mi to Webster county, Missouri, where be died. Abises X. Hess was a farmer and a minister of the (ierman Ba]>tist church. In 1848, wdien the gold excitement had penetrated Elkhart count}- as well as all other ])arts of the country, he drove from Goshen across the wide intervening countrv to San Francisco, and remained in California fi\-e year.s, returning with considerable gold as a reward for his labors. He then continued to follow farming on Elkhart prairie the rest of his life. Successful in his underta.kings, be left a good estate, and was a man of influence in bis comnumit)'. A Republican in politics, be never held nor aspired to oliice.

With a grandfather and a father of such sterling worth and integrity, it is not surprising that Mr. E. W. Hess has found a sphere of large usefulness in, his county. Reared on the farm and attending the country schools, for some years be followed the occu]5ation to which he was reared, settling on the farm where be was born, in 1S85. and continuing as a successful agriculturist until 1893, in which \ear be mo\ed to (ioshen. Vov the first year be clerked in a hardware establishment. He was elected trustee of Elkhart township in 1895 and during his term in that office ga\e bis time and energies without stint to the improvement i:f the schools and other matters entrusted to his official care. In 1900 be engaged in the real estate and insurance business, and is now a member of the finu of Immel, Hess and Foulks. He has always l)een a Republican and has taken an acti\'e part in politics. PVaternally he is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias.

Samuel \'. Spobn. known to e\er\- farmer and horseman I'f northern Indiana as the projjrietor of the S]>obn Medical Couipau}' at (ioshen, whose specihcs for the ])revention of contagious diseases among horses and live stock generally ba\e licen the means of sa\-ing thousands of dollars annualK to stockmen and whose pre])arations have a reputation established through years of successful use. is himself a native product of Elkhart county, having !;een born on a farm in Concord township, August ](>. 1853. Id is father was Daniel Siiobn. of ( ierman lineage, and bis mother, Mary M. (Xodle) Spohn, both of them natives of ( )bio. 'I he fatbei' came to ibis county in 1844 and the mi>ther two \'ears later, and the\' were married here, after which tbe\' settled 'lnwn mi a farm. 'Iliere were six childrt'ii. four sons and two daiightei's. in their tanidy. Tlie fatlier died in 183S, wlien Samuel was hut three \ears of age. and tlie noljle mother, who siu"\'i\'ed until 18Q3, and who was a woman of great foree and sweetness of character and also of unusual husiness aijility. remained on the farm and re;u"ed her children to goo<l and useful li\es.

Reared on rhe farm and recei\iny" his preliniinar\- traininsj' in the countrv schools. ^!r. Spohn. after having the privileges of some schooling at the Xorthern Indiana Normal at Valparaisoi, obtained a license to teach \y hen twent\- yeai's old, and in the fo'llowing vear began his career as teacher, which he continued for some time, and is remembered as oiv.^ of the good teachers of this county. He taught from 1877 to 1885, and in the latter year was elected county superintendent of schools, a position wdiich he held for two terms of two years each, and in thai time advanced the welfare of the conntv schools to a point much beyond any they had previously attained. After leaving this office in 1889 lie went into tlie life insurance business. Ha\ing made a thorough study of chemistrv, bacteriology and infectious diseases, about this tniie he began de\oting his efforts and experiments to perfecting a preparation which would cure and prevent contagion among live stock. The result of his endeavors was seen in October, 1894. when he placed on the market Spohn"s Distemper and Cough Cure, which in the -^ubseciuent ten )ears lias taken rank abo\-e all other horse specifics, and is sold throughout the United States and Canada, in Australia, and in London, Paris. X'ienna and other great centers of the world. Its v.-ilue is unc|uestioned and its use in the finest stables of the country as well as on the farm ])roves its effectiveness as the one great horse remed} .

In his successful career Mr. Spohn always lays great emphasis ui)on the assistance and co-ojjeration wliich have l^een so freely rendered by his life companion, whose inspiring influence has Ijeen ever ])resent with him. He was married on July 20, 1887. to Miss Mary Maud nonham. who is a native of Noble county and one of the six children, four sons and two daughters, born to Vvilliam and Fdizabeth (Hadley) r.onli;iiii. liolli of English lineage. Mrs. Spohn is a wc^man of manv acconiplishinents. before her, marriage having been a school teacher .and .also a music instructor, teaching five vears in Noble countv. and since becoming a wife has assumed aiifl conducted in a most pleasing degree her household. They have two children. Carlisle Bonhain anfl Dan M. .Mr. Sp<iliii .afliliates with the order of l-dks and the Knights <if Pythias.

Chauncey B. Stiver is proprietor of the Stixer furniture and undertaking establishment in Goshen. One of the more recent additions to tlie Inisiness circle in this citv. he lias dis])layed the enterprising and progressive spirit .which is behind all commercial success, and this combined with his thorough preparation for his line O'f business has placed him among the foremost of Goshen's men of affairs.

An Elkhart county man by birth and lifelong residence, Mr. Stiver was born in Jackson township, on his father's farm, October 20, 1871, his parents, Michael and Mary (Miles) Stiver, natives of Ohio, having been residents of Jackson township for the past fifty years. Their four sons are all residents of this count}-.

Mr. Stiver was educated in the country schools and lived on the old homestead until he was twenty-one years old, at which time he came to Goshen and Ijegan working in an undertaking establishment to learn the business. He subsequently took a course of professional training in schools in Chicago and Indianapolis, after which he located at Leeshurg in Kosciusko county and opened a furniture and undertaking store. Four years later, in 1899, he sold out at Leeshurg and came to Goshen. l>uying out a firm and establishing himself in the business which he has since carried on with marked success.

Mr. Stiver married, in 1893, Miss Dora B. Forney, and they have two sons and one daughter. Politicall)' Mr. Stiver is a Democrat, and he has fraternal affiliations with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Maccabees.

Charles E. Frank

Charles E. Frank, countv attorney and a successful memlaer of the Elkhart county bar, was born March 11, 187 1, on a farm in Cleveland township, this county, but since the age of three years he has lived in city of Elkhart. He is a son of George W. H. and Mary C. (Reigle) Frank, who for many years have resided at 806 South Main street, where they own a nice property with nearly an acre of ground. The father was Ijorn in Stark county, Ohio, January 28, 1835, and the mother was born near Warren, Trumbull county, Ohio, in 1842. They were married in Elkhart county, vvhere the respective parents of each were early settlers, the fathers being both ministers of the Evangelical church.

Mr. Frank, who is the oldest but one in a family of four sons :md one daughter, was reared in Elkhart and educated in the city schools. He was still a boy when he entered upon independent life, accepting a ])()sitinn with the Elkhart Carriage and Harness Manufacturing Com- ]jany in 1884, and for the following four years was in charge of the stock rooms of that :ompany. He I hen became a reporter for the Elkhart Daily Truth, and for a few months was city editor, until he resigned to become clerk in the carpet department of the George Vinnedge and Company's store. Two years later he withdrew from this store and tonk up the study of law. His studies were carried on in the offices of Hubbell and Cnnley at Elkhart, and on November 13, 1894, when twenty-three years of age, he was admitted to the bar and at once began his professional career. .\ short time later he was appointed deputy prosecutor, a position lie held between four and five years, and about a year after lea\-ing- that office he was appointed county attorney. being now in his third year as such. At the same time he cares for a profitable and increasing private practice.

Mr. Frank affiliates with the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and is a member of the Century Club of Elkhart. He married. September 26. igoo. Miss Nettie J- Fieldhouse, a daughter of John W. I'ieldhouse. whose personal history appears on other pages of this work.

Emery L. Jones

Emery L. Jones, at the head of the extensive furniture house of E. L. Jones Company in Goshen, and who' has been identified with some line of the furniture business since \outh, was Ixirn at Lowell, Alichigan. September 4. 1863. and when a boy moved with his parents to Grand Rapids, in which place and in Lowell he received his education and became fitted for the practical affairs of life.

For seven years he sold furniture on the road, and after that became interested in the manufacture of furniture. In 1887 he estal> lished his residence in Goshen, and since then has l>een one of the leading and progressive business men of this city. Li 1892 he purchased an interest in the furniture firm of J. F. B. Kaufifman. which later Ixrame Cosby and Jones, and in 1900. on the retirement of the j\Ir. Cosby from the firm, the style became E. L. Jones Company, under which title the business is still conducted. The Jones furniture house is an exclusive furniture establishment. The stock is distributed over three floors, each one hundred and sixty-five by twenty-two feet. The window displays m this store are metropolitan in arrangement and effectiveness, and the universal \-erdict is to the effect that no better grades of goods can be found anywhere else in the county than at the Jones store. First-class business methods, enterprise and upright dealings have brought Mr. Jones a large share of business success, and he is one of the men who ;ire pushing Goshen to the front as a commercial center.

Air. Jones married 3.1iss bxlith .\. Moulton. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protecti\e Order of Elks, the Knights of Pythias and the Modern \\'oodmen.

his birth occurring in lliis citv on the 4th <>i March. 1857, his parents lieing T- I'- and Julia C. ( W'atkins ) Butterfield, bcith natixes of Xew York. The fatlier was of English descent, and is said to ha\e heen a direct descendant of Sir Edward Parker of that countr_\'. In 1855 the family home was established in Elkhart county. Indiana, and here the father was extensively engaged in the stock Inisiness, buying and shipping. He was well known throughout the conununity as a successful business man, upright in all his dealings, and at all times enjoyed the confidence of his many friends. He was deeply interested in the iiublic affairs of his community, and served as councilman of the first ward of Goshen. His political support was given to the Deniocrac}-, and fraternallv he was a worthy member of the Masonic order. His death occurred when he had reached the age of about sixty-four years, while the mother reached the seventy-fifth milestone on the journey of life.

?I. A. Butterfield. the orily child of this worthy pioneer couple, was reared and received his education in the schools of Goshen, and following in his father's footsteps Ijegan the stock business during his bovhood days. When only fifteen years of age he engaged in that occupation with his father, and after the latter's death succeeded to the business, continuing in its conduct for about twent\- years. He has purchased stock all over the county, shipping the same to different places, and at one time five men were engaged in bu\ing for him. In 1890 he expantled his operations to embrace the lix'er}- business, building his large and commodious barn, which he well equipped, and in adtlitiiin also conducts a hack and cal) line. He is one of the jirominent lousiness men of Goshen, and has attained his jirestige bv ])ersonal eftdrt and the correct application of the powers which are his.

In t888 Mr. Butterfield was united in marriage to .\nna Beck, and three children have been born to them. Harry. Marv and Jose])h. Air. Butterfield gives his political sup])ort to the Democratic party. He is interested in all that promotes gooil go\'ernment. and served as councilman of the first ward for two terms. He is a meml:)er of the Maccabees, the Modern \\'oodmen of America and the Knights of Pythias fraternities. For forty-eight years has Goshen been his home, and he is thus known amon.g her citizens and is held in uniform regard.

Johx Hale

Jolm Hale, for o\er t\\ent\-fi\e \ears a resident of Goshen, and throughout this period acti\el\ identified with the city's business and industrial affairs, is now \-ice-president of the well known I. .\. L. and Goshen Pump Company, a manufactor\- that has contributed much to the inciustrial wealth of the city and has made a prosperous record. Mr. Hale in bis successful career has combined practical mechanical skill with good business and execnti\e ability, and these qualities have been the basis on which he has Innlt his success.

Born in Three Rivers. Michigan, IMarch _'0. 1854. Air. Hale is the son of a Afichigan pioneer. David S. Hale. who. horn and reared in New York state, came to JMichigan alxnit 1838. and thereafter followed the occupations nf farmer and merchant in that state until his death. The nuither. wlnise maiden name was Mary A. McMurtrie. a native of Pennsylvania, was the father's second wife. He was married three times and was the father df fourteen children.

Mr. lohn Hale, who was the fourth son nf the second marriage, was reared and educated at his native town, lived there until twentyfour vears old. and then in 1879 hecame identified with ( ioslien as a resident. He spent two years and a half with E. W. Walker in the manufacture of pumjis. and this line of industry has ccMitinued to engage his attention almost exclusixely for over twenty-five years, so that in comprehensive knowledge of the luisiness in all its details he hardlv has a peer anvwhere. .\fter leaving Mr. ^^'alker he was with the old Goshen Pump Company two and a half years, then in 1883 w'ent with the I. X. L. Company as shipping clerk, was aiKanced to superintendent of the fihishir.g and ship]iing department, and still holds this position, in connection with the vice-]3residency of the consolidated I. X. L. and Cosiien Puni]) Compau}-. ha\-ing hecome xice-jiresident in 1899.

Mr. Hale married, in 187(1. Miss Emma Cou]). a daughter of Daniel and Sarah Coup. They ha\e one daughter. Bernis. Mr. Hale is a stockholder in the Home Telephone Company and takes an active interest in all business and civic affairs of his city and county. .\ Republican in politics, he was elected and serA-ed four years as councilman from the second ward. 1?eing one of the men who ha\'e administered the affairs of Goshen with such credit to the munici])al welfare.

Dr. James Alliert Snap]), one of the leading ])hvsicians of ( loshen. is a representative of one of the oldest families in America, the line of descent being traced back to the original emigrant, a Schnep)). who came from Scotland during the early epoch of American history, and the family were numbered among the early settlers of the \'irginia colony. The paternal grandfather of the doctor. William Snapp, was a native of West Virginia, and was a farmer by occupation. His son and the father of him whose name introduces this review. David Sna]>i>, also claimed that commonwealth as the place of his nativity, and lie, too. followed the tilling of the soil as a life occupation. In 1862 he took up his abode in Kosciusko county. Indiana, and there he still resides, loved and honored by all who have the pleasure of his acquaintance. His wife Ixjre the maiden name of Patience B. McMillin. and was born, reared and educated in Logan county. Ohio, her parents being Thomas and Marv !\IcMilliu. natives of Scotland. Air. and Mrs.

Snapp liecaiiie the parents uf three children, one daughter and two sons, the former of whom. Lizzie, is a trained mn^se, residing in Behefontaine, Ohio, and the son William is assistant tire chief at Huntington, Lidiana.

J. A. Snapp, the youngest of his parents" three children, was l;orn in Pierceton, Kosciusko county, Indiana, Novemher 2. 1864, and in the ]nihlic schools of his native city received his early educational training. After completing the course in the Pierceton high school he entered the JefTerson Institute at Logansport, and for a few years after leaving the latter institution was engaged in teaching school. In 1887 he entered upon the study of medicine in the office and under the preceptorshi]! of Dr. H. O. King, and in the fall of the same year entered the Detroit College of Medicine, from which he graduated in 1891. In that year he located for -practice at IMillershurg, Fdkhart county, Indiana, where he remained until 1897, and the following year was spent in Puehlo, Colorado, coming thence to Goshen in May, 1898, where he has ever since remained. His heart and mind have heen wholly in this great work, and he has huilt up an en\iable reputation for skill in his chosen line of endeavor.

In Sejitember, 1892, was celebrated the marriage of i\Ir. Snapp to Emma Barnard, who was liorn at Millershurg, Indiana, August 4, 1869, a daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Barnard. To them were born two daughters, Gladys and Marian, but the younger died at the age of three years. The doctor is a member of the Elkhart County, the Indiana State and the American Medical Associations, while fraternally he is connected with the Knights of Pythias.

Cyrus Seiler

Cyrus Seller, who since 1870 has made his home in Elkhart, where he is now engaged in the real-estate business, was born in Wayne county, Ohio, in 1842, his parents being John and Lucetta (Reinoehl) Seller. The father was born in Lebanon county, Pennsylvania, and when sixteen years of age removed v.ith his parents to Wayne county, Ohio. In 1863 he became a resident of .\uburn. DeKalb county, Indiana, where he died in 1888. He was a Ijrick. also a stone mason by trade, and for many years engaged in business along those lines. His wife was a nati\e of Lebanon county, Pennsyh'ania, and when nine years of age was taken by her parents to Stark county, Ohio. She spent her last days in the home of a sister in Clark county, Illinois, where she died in 1897.

Cvrus Seller was reared in West Lebanon, Ohio, where he acquired the greater part of his education and also learned the trade of a brick mason under the direction of his father. He attended the Greensburg, Ohio. Seminarv in t86o. He was about tv\-enty years of age when on the 1 8th of August. T862. he enlisted in response to his country's call for aid and liocame a memlser of Company A, One Hundred and Fourth Ohio Infantry, under Colonel James Riley at Massillon, joining the Army of the Ohio. His regiment Ijelonged to the so-called Squirrel Brigade and the first engagement in which he participated was in the Cincinnati di\-ision vi that city against the threatened invasion of General Kirby Smith." Later he was active in service in Kentucky, afterward went to Knoxville, Tennessee, and followed the enemy as far as Cumberland Gap. His regiment subsequently started toward .Atlanta and participated in the battles of Resaca, Iron Mountain, Big Shanty, Kennesaw Mountain, and Jonesljoro. Then instead of going with Sherman to the sea. the Fourth and the Twenty-third Corps, of which Mr. Seller was a member, were sent hack to take care of Hood and oppose his northward advance. Thus engaged he took part in the battles of Columbia and Franklin and the siege and battle of Nashville. They then were transferred to Washington, from whence the One Hundred and Fourth went down the Potomac and up the Chesapeake Bay to Fort Fisher. North Carolina, and afterward to Wilmington, Goldsboro, where they met Sherman's army, and continued to Raleigh, North Carolina. Mr. Seller's regiment was detailed to go to Greensboro from Raleigh and received the arms from Johnston's army, which had surrendered. After the performance of this duty they were detained there for two weeks on special duty and then came to Cleveland, Ohio, where i\Ir. Seiler was mustered out June 27, 1865.

Following the close of the war Mv. Seiler went to West Leljanon and soon afterward joined the family at Auburn. Indiana, where he attended school in the fall of 1865. That winter he taught school, after which he attended tiie Commercial College at Fort AVayne. Later he again engiaged in teaching in Ohio and in Illinois and in 1867 he came to Elkhart. He then taught school in this vicinity and in southern Michigan for a few years and in the fall and winter of 1869-70 he was a student in the State Normal School at Terrc Haute. Indiana, being one of the first pupils there.

In the latter part of 1870 jNIr. Seiler located permanently in Elkhart, where he began work as a brick ma.son and dealer and became one of the n^.ost prominent contractors in this section. He erected a large number of stores, residences and other buildings, including the Grand Opera House and water works. Among his last contracts were the building of the United Brethren church, and the immense jilant of the Elkhart Carriage & Harness Company. In 1884 he was elected county treasurer, serving for four years, and at the close of his term he returned from the county seat and embarked in the grocery business on Main street, in Elkhart. He also resumed contracting and building, but later abandoned active operations along those lines and turned his attention to the real-estate business in connection with D. M. Best under the firm name of Best & Seiler. which relation was maintained for three vears. since which time he has I)een carrying on business alone with excellent success. While li\ing in Elkhart, in partnership with Silas Treash, Mr. Seiler. in 1873. compiled and puhlished the first directiir\' ni Elkhart and of Goshen, Ind'ana. Copies of these are still preserved and are interesting- documents.

in Xcaemher. 1870. in Bristol. Indiana. Mr. Seiler was married to Miss Eninia L. LSoycr and they ha\e three children:' J. Frank; Nellie E. ; and Edna A, Mr. Seiler is senior past commander of Shiloh Field Post. G. A. R.. and is president of the b(5ard of trustees of the Trinity Methodist chm-ch of Elkhart. He has twice been a member of the board of education, serving for one term as president of that body, and he has several times been a member of the city council, representing the fourtli ward. He has also been elected to office on the Republican ticket, being a staunch advocate of the party and its principles. Such in brief is the life history of Cyrus Seiler. In whatever relation of life we find him - in the g"overnment service, in political circles, in business or social relations - he is always the same honorable and honored gentleman, whose worth well merits the high regard which is uniformly given him.

Among the prtjminent business men of Goshen who lia\e attainetl success and are counted among the most worthy and honored citizens is to 1>e mentioned George B. Slate, the efficient manager of the Western Rubber Company. He was born in Dauphin county. Pennsylvania. .\pril 17. 1866. a son of Nathaniel and Louise (Elierly) Slate, both also natives of that countv and ijf German descent. In their family were six children, tliree sons and three daughters, but onK- three of the nuniber are now li\-ing. the brother and sister of our subject being Frank and Anna E.

George B. Slate, the youngest child in the above family, was ten years of age when the family removed to Millersburg, Elkhart county, Indiana, where he grew to years of maturity and received his education in its common schools. Remain.ing at home imtil twenty-one years of age. he then began work as a telegraph operator at difi^erent places on tlie line of the Lake Shore Railroad, continuing in this occupation for about five years. On the expiration of this period lie entered the passenger and ticket department, and for fifteen years was the ethcient and well known ticket agent at Goshen, but was then transferred to South Bend as city passenger and ticket agent. After remaining there but a short time he resigned that position to assume the one he now holds, as manager of the Western Rubber Company. This enterprise is now one of the important ones in this section of the state, and under the alile management of Mr. Slate, an energetic and thorough business man. i:)romises to reach to greater proj^ortions.

to iM'ighten and liless their home, Frances Louise. Throughout tlie period of his residence in ( ioshen Mr. Slate has taken an active part in its affairs, ha\-ino- ser\ed as its treasurer and alderman, and is now ser\ing his second term as a memher of the 1>oard of education. Fraternally he a.ffiliates with the Masonic order and with the Knights of Pvthias, wiiile politically he is a stanch adherent of the principles of the Democratic party. Fie is a zealous and consistent memher of the Methodist Episcopal church, and his has lieen an honorable career, well worthy of emulation.

Frederick Arnold Herring. M. D.

At the age of ninety-three years Dr. Herring is one of the best ])reserved. ]>hysically and mentall\\ <if the men, few in number, who have attained to his age in the county. He is a typical representative of the Cierman race, honest asid upright in word and deed, energetic and enterprising, and of a decidedly practical turn of mind. Cordial in manner, apt in expression and well versed in the knowledge of men and events gathered in many years of intellectual observation, one seldom meets a more interesting octogenarian. He owes his nativity to Lennep, an old Inwn in the Rhine province of Prussia, where he was born October 30. 181 2, his parents being- Frederick Conrad and Magdalena (Heinrich) Herring, the former of whom was born in Lemgo, proA'ince of Lippe. Prussia, a town that was founded by the Romans in the year 10 A. D. Frederick Conrad Herring was a merchant, who dealt in a line line of wool zephyr almost exclusively, and which commodit}- became widely known for its fineness and superior make. He became the father of eight children, and he and all his children with the exception of Frederick Arnold and a brother always mafle their home in the fatherland.

Frederick Arnold Herring was given the ad\-antages of an excellent educational training, receiv'ing a thorough drill in Latin. Greek and Hebrew, also in chemistry and botany, and afterward attended a special school that was purely botanical in its instructions, there becoming thoroughly familiar with all the flora of his native and other countries and with their ]iliarmaceutical uses and effects. In 1842 he married Amelia J., the .laughter of Christopher Wolff, she being a native of Elberfeld, (iermany. where she was born June 24. 1815, and there educated. She died in (ioshen in 1893. To this union the following childrer' were given : Frederick A., Mary A.. Johanna A.. John H., Paul. Christma J. (now deceased). Nathaniel A. and Elizabeth. The eldest son. iM-edenck .\.. was .1 well known attorney of Chicago and a meml^er of the law firm of jdhnsdn. Herring & Brooke. He "is now deceaseii.

their journe}' to Goshen, which ])lace has since been their home and where he has continued in the practice (if mech'cine with eminent success. He belong's to what could properlx- be called the Germanic Botanic School, and as many of the recjuisite medicinal plants which grow in Europe and other countries cannot be had in this country or cannot be found in regular commerce. Dr. Hen^ing raises them in his garden, where he propagates such plants as he desires. By this means he is insured of strictly pure herbs, which under his watchful care and skillful compounding produce instant and desirable results. He has made a specialty of treating diseases of many organs, and his success in this respect iias been phenomenal. He has lieen a life-long student, not only as relates to his profession, but in topics general, and lieing patriarchal in appearance he reminds one of the alchemists of old seen in some of those rare paintings by the old masters. He Ijelieves in the doctrine of the -\postolic Baptist church, which is of Greek origin, one of the beliefs of this sect being baptism is a .saving ordinance and that it consists in immersion three times backwards. In his jxalitical views he is broad and liberal, voting for the men and measures and not confining himself to the support of any party, a strong advocate of the abolition of slavery of the mind as well as the body.

Dr. Herring has spent over one-half century in this midst, leading a quiet, unostentatious life, scarcely ever seen outside his ot^ce or garden. During many years he has been recognized as one whose patriarchal appearance, the e.xample of whose moral and religious life and the success C'f whose practice of his profession have made him justlv celeljrated in neighboring states and even in the far west as well as at home, where he is revered by young and old as a kind, benevolent Christian gentleman, a model and honored citizen and an intelligent and highly learned physician. In the lore of the ancients, in antique and modern history, in philology, philosophy and botany, but esijecially in his familiarity with the history of the Christian church from the earliest times down to the present and in his broad Christian work in this county and abroad, he has few equals anywhere and ]>erhaps not a superior. Of him and his worthy wife it can truly Ije said : " Their presence is like a sweet odor in the land: their memorv shall be a precious treasure : their children shall rise up to honor and bless them."

Krtider Brothers ha\c practiced medicine in Goshen for the past quarter of a century, and as specialists and general practitioners have long been reckoned among the foremost representatives of the medical profession in northern Indiana.

Martin K. Kreider, M. D.. the elder brother, was born on a farm in Wayne county. Ohio, January i8. 1S47. His parents, Jacob and Anna (0\erbalt) Kreider. df l'cnns\Kani;i German stock, were Ixmi respectively in Pennsylvania and Ohio, the parents of each Ijeing pioneers to Ohio and living and dying in Medina count}'. Jacob Kreider was a blacksmith by trade, but also followed farming. He died in Aledina, Ohio, in March. 1896. at the age of seventy-eight years, but the good old mother, now aged eighty years, still lives on the old homestead in Medina count}-. There were eleven children born to them, and the nine who grew to mature years are still living.

13r. Martin K. Kreider. like so many successful professional and business men. was brought up or; a farm and began his education in the countrv schools. He 'later attended a school at Smithville, Ohio, and at the age of nineteen came to Elkhart county with the intention of teaching .school, which he did, and very successfully, for nine consecutive wmters. while m the meantime he studied medicine. Alx:iut 1876 he entered the old Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago, but after one course transferred to the Chicago Homoeopathic College, where he was graduated in April, 1878. Locating in Goshen, he became a partner of the late well known physician. W. A. W'hippy, M. D. In 1880 was formed the partnership with his brother which has lieen since continued with such excellent results.

Dr. jNIartin K. Kreider has taken several jx)st-graduate courses. and by these means and by constant research has kept himself abreast of the wonderful progress that medicine and surgery have niade during the past few decades. Although not limiting himself to one branch of his profession, he does considerable surgery and is noted for his skill in this work. In the line of his profession he has membership in the Northern Indiana and Southern Michigan Homoeopathic Society, and l>eIongs to the American Society of Orificial Surgeons and the American Homoeopathic Association. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and in politics a Republican.

]0r. William B. Kreider. the younger member of the firm, was born on a farm in Wayne county. Ohio. Februar}- 3. 1849. and. like his brother, was reared on the homestead farm in Medina county. After attending the country schools he was sent to the Mennonite college at \\^adsworth. Ohio, and later took a course in a commercial college at Madison. Wisconsin. W'ith this preparation he became a Ixiokkeejier for the Singer Maiuifacturing Comjiau}- in Chicago, and while holding that position he also pursued his medical studies, .\fter a time he entered the Chicago LIom(eo])athic Medical College, and in 1879 was graduated. After a short period of practice at Vincennes. Indiana, he came to Goshen and since then has been associated with his brother. After he had practiced for ten }ears he went abroad and at ^' ienna. the greatest medical center- of the world, h.e took a course which further broadened him for a successful professional career. On his return to the United States he began specializing in the treatment of the ear, e}e and thrciat. and. in connectit)n with a general practice, has estabHshed a reputation for skill in these special lines. He is a member of the American Ophthalmological. Otological and Larvngological Society, and also of the Northern Indiana and Southern Michigan Homteopathic Association. He has been president of the city board of healtli.

/\ Republican in politics, he has rejjresented his ward in the city council one term. He is a member of the Presbyterian church and is superintendent of the Sunday school. Dv. Kreider married, in 187.2. Miss Nettie C. Wickham. a daughter of Dr. -\\'. W. W'ickham. Their one son. Noble, is a musician.

riie name liorne liy Joel P. Hawks is one which is ineffaceaUy traced on the history of lilkhart county, and which figures on the pages whose records perpetuate the principal events from the early days down to the present time. After many years o.f toil and activity he died April 8. 1905, at his home in Goshen, where he had been livingretired. His was a quiet, helpful life, and he was widely known as a respected and prosperous citizen and as one who had won success through honorable business methods.

Pie was born in Phelps, Ontario county. New \'ork. b'ebruary 9, 1822, being a grandson of Paul Hawks, wdio is sujijiosed to have been born in England, and a son of Cephas Hawks, a native oi Deerfield, Massachusetts. The last named came to Elkhart county. Indiana, in 1835, taking- up his abode at Waterford, and he was numbered among the pioneer millers and merchants in the county, there having been but two n-ierchants in Coslien at that time. He was thus engaged until his life's labors were ended in death, passing away in 1858. His wife liore the maiden name of Cloa Case, and she, tooi. was a native of Deerfield, Massachusetts, and was of Scotch descent. Her death occurred when she had reached th.e age of about seventy-six years. In their fan-lily were eleven children, six sons and five daughters, and ten grew to years of maturity, were married and reared families of their own - Eliza, Calista, Frank, Albert, Dwight, Sarah, Cephas, Eleazer, Joel P. and Mary. Harriet died when young, and all are now deceased. Eleazer's widow and only son reside in Xeenah, Wisconsin, where the son is engaged in the manufacture of ijajjer; Dwight has ;i son li\ing in St. Paul: Alary has one daughter living at Richn-|ond. Indiana: and Alliert has a son at Cokhvater, Michigan.

Joel P. Hawks received his first schooling in Michigan, whither he had ren-ioved with his parents when but six years old, and when fifteen years oi age he accompanied them on their removal to Elkhart county. When the time came for him to assume business responsibilities he entered his father's store at ^^'aterford. and was his partner until the latter's death, after wliich, with two lirothers, Cephas and Eleazer, he continued tlie business until 1893. In 1865 they moved their stock to Goshen, where they were also engaged in the milling business, which was mo\'ed to the city two years later, in iSf)^. Ivleazer Hawks died in 1891. and his brother Cephas in the folUiw ing \ear. and in 1893 the business went into the hands of the sons. C. and E. Hawks. After fifty-three years of active business life Joel P. Hawks put aside put aside its cares and responsibilities, and thereafter lived in quiet retirement, enjoying the fruits of his former toil.

In 1844 be was united in marriage to Sarah, a daughter of l'~benezer Brown, who came to Elkhart county in 1834. and ten \ears later. in 1844. was elected the sheriff of the county. Mrs. H.awks was Ixirn in Benton. Yates county. New Y'ork. June 7. 18J4. and was lint ten years of age when brought by her parents to Elkhart count}-. She was the second of her parents' four children, and by lier marriage has become the mother of seven children - Alice, deceased ; Emma, the wife of John Mayberry. of Gas City, Indiana; Dwight, a druggist of Goshen; Minnie, the deceased wife of Henry Butler; Mabel, at home; J. F., Jr.. also at home and a manufacturer; and Laura, deceased. The children were all born in Elkhart county, where the father had made his home for the long period of sixty-seven years, and during all these years had been an indefatigable worker for its best interests. When but fifteen years of age he went behind the counter, and there spent the most of his life. For two years, from 1852 to 1854. he was a resident of California. He was a life-long Republican, his first presidential vote having been cast for Fremont, and he ever since continued to support its ticket. Both he and his wife were members of the Methochst Episcopal church, having united with that denomination before their marriage, she when fourteen and he when sixteen \'ears of age.