Howard County, Indiana - The whole text, 1909 (part 3 of 9)

Couxty Infirmary

It was not so \-en- many }-ears after the permanent settling and organization of the count}-, the county commissioners, impressed with the growing need of a permanent home for the helpless and unfortunate poor who must be cared for at public expense, purchased the Thomas Galewood farm, lying then two and one-half miles south of town. Willis Blanche, Harvey Brown and B. W. Gififord purchased this farm in 1857. containing one hundred and sixty-five acres for forty-five hundred dollars. This was a fine, dry, rolling farm, with Kokomo creek running diagonally through it from the southeast to the northwest. The Indianapolis & Peru Railroad ran through it from south to north, cutting off twenty-six and one-fourth acres on the west side. Because this small tract was across the railroad the commissioners sold it at once to \\'illis Blanche for seven hundred fifteen dollars and eighty-four cents. There were no buildings of consequence on the farm ; a log hut for a home and a log stable for a bam afiforded poor accommodations for a colony of frail men and women. The land was largely covered with the native forests and fields and grain and grassy meadows seemed a long wa}- off. After three years of possession it was decided to sell the farm and buy one closer to town. On Deceml^er 5, i860, the commissioners. William Woods, John Knight and Robert Coate, sold the fann to Nelson Purdum for three thousand, four hundred seventy-two dollars and seventy-five cents. January 8, 1861, the same commissioners bought eighty acres off the west side of the farm of James H. ]\Ic- Cool for two thousand, eight hundred dollars. In April. i86t, tliey contracted with James Linville to build a house on the farm for three hundred sixty-nine dollars. In 1865 the commissioners contracted with William Chadwick to build another and larger house on the fami ; the building was to be two stories high, twenty by thirty-six feet in size, with a wing running back sixteen by thirty-six feet, and one story high, for one thousand, eight hundred dollars. This house was desigmed for the use of .the superintendent of the farm and as a home for the count}-'s poor. It is said that it would be difficult to constract a house more illy adapted for the purpose than this one, and in a few years, the board becoming satisfied of its bad arrangement and unhealthfulness, determined to build a better one. They resolved to build a house that would not only be a comfortable home for the poor of the county, but one that would reflect credit upon the county as well. They carefully investigated plans and specifications until fully satisfied Ijefore approving. May 24, 1 88 1, bids were received for constructing the building. David O. Freeman submitted the lowest bid and was awarded the contract at fourteen thousand, nine hundred sixty-five dollars and eighty-five cents, to furnish all the material and complete the building. Peter A. Sassaman was associated with him in carrying out this contract.

G. \\'. Bunting, of Indianapolis, was the architect and superintended the erection of the building. They erected a very creditable building: an enduring structure of good material, well built and arranged for comfort, health and convenience. The building is two stories and a basement in height, is one hundred and thirty-six feet in length, and forty-five feet in width, and is divided into forty-fi\e rooms. There are several rooms in the basement, in one of which is the outfit for heating the whole building by steam. The fann has a good barn and other farm buildings. It has also a good tile drainage and is a first-class farm, well located. The Kokomo & Pete's Run gra\-el road runs through it. The infirmary building fronts directly on the gravel road and is one-half mile west of the city limits.

I20 Morrow S History

his help in operating the farm. The products sold from the farm belong to the county. The farm contains one hundred fifty-three and twenty-six hundredths acres.

During the years prior to the founding of the Orphan's Home Association, orphan children, half orphan children and other children who had been rendered homeless by the varying misfoii:unes of life and who were without friends or kindred to provide homes for them, were taken to the county poor asylum to be cared for. Here they were housed, clothed and fed, but the associations were not suitable to develop good men and women. It was impossible for the superintendent to care for their training and teaching and their environment was not such as to stimulate them to make the best of their lives. In 1868 the ladies comprising the Ladies' Union Missionary Society, recognizing these facts, and prompted by the idea of a home especially for orphan children, arranged for and gave a festival October 22, 1868, in aid of this project, and realized one hundred and twenty-five dollars in money, which was placed in the First National Bank of Kokomo and set apart as the beginning of a fund for this purpose: to this was added other sums from time to time, raised in like manner. In January, 1873, ^ number of these ladies who had actively interested themselves in this work formed and incorporated an association called the Orphans" Home Association of Howard county. Under the direction of this organization they continued to hold festivals and systematically solicited donations to their funds, so that at the close of the year 1873 they had in bank, money and notes approximating one thousand, two hundred dollars. The object of the association, as announced, was "to provide ways and means by which the orphan and destitute children of tlie county might be provided a comfortable home, clothing and food, and also to bring- them as far as possible under the influence of good moral training-, leading them into habits of industr)-, and extending to them the hygienic benefits of cleanliness and fresh air, and finally procuring homes for them in good families. Having amassed a fund suflficient to start with, and feeling confident in the beneficial influaice of an illustration of their work by opening a home, they, on the first day of November, 1873, rented a house and secured the sendees of I\Irs. Mary A. Street as matron, wIkt took charge with five children under her care. ^liss Anna Street acted as teacher. Having put the purpose of the association into actual operation, they increased their efforts to add to its material resources. The home was first opened in the west part of the city, but its increasing demands made it necessary to secure greater accommodations, and a larger house was rented on North Union street, where they remained until the opening of their new home in the autumn of 1875. During the year 1874 it became very manifest that other and more extensive accommodations were needed, as demands were constantly coming to the managers for the admission of children. The management had also extended the sphere of their design and had now, in view of the removal of all small children from the county infirmary, regarding it as an unsuitable place for rearing the young, and also to remove from them in after years the odium of having been paupers. The association was limited in means, but determined to procure, if possible, a site on which to erect a Imilding that would be ample in its capacity for years to crime. In can\-assing for this a committee called on Peter B. Hersleb. a bachelor living alone on his farm just south of the city. Tvlr. Hersleb was a Dane, said to have been of princely lineage, who came to this country because of a love of freedom, with possibly a bit of adventure. ]\Ir. Hersleb was a cultured gentleman with all the finer instincts of his nature well developed. The fact that he li\-ed alone in his bachelor quarters impressed many that he was somewhat eccentric. In this he was misjudg'ed. as all testified who came into close personal touch with him. In his den, as he termed it, he was ever affable and polite. He it was who in the campaign of 1858 came so near defeating- James A. W'ildman for count}- auditor that it required the \'ote of Honey Creek township to do it. Such was the man the comniittee called upon to ask to sell theni a building- site at the southeast corner of the intersection of Markland avenue and Home avenue, that being the northwest corner of his land. He refused to sell to them. Instead he g-ave them an acre at that place and also three hundred dollars in money, and afterward gave them five hundred dollars more, and many other donations that were of value to the association. Mr. Hersleb's generosity stimulated them to greater efforts in getting the means to build with. They applied to the county commissioners for assistance. The commissioners replied that they had no power under the law to make such donations. However, after much importuning, they gave them fifteen dollars, and at the next term twenty dollars, and at the next thirty-five dollars. Believing that benefit would accrue to the home if recognized as a county institution, they procured the services of Judge James O'Brien in the preparation of a bill to be laid before the legislature, which was passed and became a law in 1875, by which they were authorized to take orphan and destitute children into their home and receive for each child twenty-five cents per day toward its support. Another soiuxe of income was a dining hall at the county fair, which netted them two hundred dollars, P. E. Hoss giving them twenty-five dollars for one meal. The Young Ladies' Sigournean Band gave one hundred and seventy-five dollars, several citizens gave one hundred dollars each, and smaller donations, down to five cents for the children's treasury, were made.

Eliciim Boggs, deceased, Ijequeatlied eight hundred diillars, six liunclred of which was in city bonds. After securing these funds tlie association feU justified in commencing their l_iuil(hng. They let tlie contract to J. W. Cottman in tlie spring of 1875 and (hu'ing tlie summer it was Imilt and completed so that it was occupied October. 1875. The building was a two-story and basement building, forty In- fiirt}--six feet, containing thirteen rooms, all heated by a furnace in the b.nsement : the total cost nf the building, including the heating plant, was four thousand dollars. In 1876 the home had been in practical operation for three years, antl this statement was given out: "During the three years this home has been in operation sixtv-se\-en homeless children have found refuge there : se\'eral have been returned to their friends: thirty-three have had homes furnished them in the cnuntr}-, and but three ha\-e died. The expense of the home for the past year, 1876, was eight hundred ninety dollars and fifty-nine cents." In 1883 this statement was made regarding the work of the home: "The number of children now in the home is twenty, and the average number is about twenty. In the ten years of the home there have been over two hundred children provided with good homes, in good families, thus securing them from want, neglect, ignorance and possible pauperism and degradation. \^'e are justified in saying that through the efforts put forth by this org-anization it was that the present law was enacted by which young children are taken from the county poor houses and cared for properly until good homes can be secured for them, thus saving many from becoming not only paupers, but criminals. \\'ith the twenty-five cents a day given by the county for each child they are aiabled to keep the home in active operation, paying the matron from twenty to twenty-five dollars per month and a go\erness twelve dollars per month and the cook two dollars per week. Peol^le from the country often bring them donations of eatables, and sometimes articles of clothing. The most active and continuous workers in promoting the interests of the home from the beginning are Mrs. Emma E. Dixon. Mrs. Eva Davis, ]Mrs. Jane Turner. Mrs. Dr. Dayhuff, Mrs. Hendry. ]\Irs. Mariah Leach, Airs. Lizzie Hasket, Mrs. L. B. Xixon. :Mrs. J. Coffman, ]Mrs. L. \\". Leeds and Electa Lindley. Others that have come into the association since and ha\-e been acti\-e workers are }iL-s. A. F. Armstrong, Airs. Sarah Davis. Airs. X. R. Lindsay, Airs. T. C. Philips, Airs. Dosh, Airs. Dr. Alavity. Airs. Kraus. Airs. Rosenthal and Airs. Dr. I. C. Johnson. In June. 1902. after twenty-seven years" service, bids were submitted for the repair and improvement of the building. Both bids were above the appropriation for the purpose, and the commissioners of necessity rejected them. The next year. 1903. the county council appropriated six thousand dollars for a new orphans' home building. In September of that year two bids were received ; the lower one proposed to build complete the home, with a heating plant, for seven thousand, eight hundred forty-seven dollars, and without a heating plant for seven' thousand, four hundred ninety-seven dollars. This, being in excess of the appropriation, was rejected. At the October term of that year there is the following record of release and consent : "Whereas, No suitable buildings or equipment have been prepared or arranged for the orphans' home of Howard county, Indiana, and it is impossible for the Howard County Orphans' Home Association, for said reasons, to continue its work at the present time, and said association is, because of the lack of proper buildings and equipment and the failure of the county to provide the same, compelled to give up its work of caring for the orphans at present, the said association does therefore hereby consent to the temporan,- abandonment of the orphans' home in Howard county, Indiana, and does, under the present circumstances, release to the board of commissioners the children now in the orphans' home of Howard county, Indiana. Signed by the president. Mary S. Armstrong." Whereupon the board ordered the children in the home transferred to the \M:ite Institute at Treaty, near Wabash, in ^^'abash county. Since that date Howard county lias had no orphans' home and the orphan and homeless children of our county have been kept at the ^^'hite Institute at a charge of thirty cents a day for each one. The present expense to Howard county and her citizens is about thirteen hundred dollars annually. From the best infonnation at hand it appears that the White Institute is a corporation founded and managed under the control of the. Friends church for the care, training and instruction of orphan and liomeless children.

Military History

Sixty-one years had passed after the close of the war of Independence when Howard county was organized, in 1844, and if any soldier of that war ever made his home within this county, he must have been an old man. It is not definitely known that any soldier of the Revolution lived within our county. Tradition says that an aged man named Barngrover, who died mau)^ years ago and whose solitary grave is in a pasture field just off the New London gravel road about two miles southwest of Kokomo, was a hero of that war.

The soldiers of the War of 1812 had a fair representation among the early settlers of our county. From the "Military Histoiw of Howard Count}-," compiled b}- John \\'. Barnes, we gather that the following were once residents of our county. Their names and lives, as presented in that sketch, are : Alexander G. Forgey settled in Howard county in 1842 and made a home just east of Poplar Grove, and died in 1855. aged seventy-five years.

Israel Ferree was born in Virginia about the year 1775. He was stationed for a considerable part of his enlistment at Norfolk, \'irginia. He came to this county in 1850 and died in 1863.

Daniel Heaton was born in Pennsylvania August 27. 1780. While quite young he formed a strong liking for frontier life, and leaving his home, came westward and purchased land in what is now Preble county, Ohio. The town of Eaton, the county seat of this countv. was afterward named in his honor. Here he married Mary Furgeson, who bore him eleven children. It is probable that he resided at this place at the time of his enlistment. Whether he was captain of the company to which he belonged at its first organization is not known, but that he held this office afterward, and by successive promotions was finally made colonel, is well known. He was stationed part of the time at Fort Wayne and participated in the battle of Tippecanoe with General Harrison, to whom he was ever afterward greatly attached. After the war his desire for Western life brought him to Indiana, where he engaged in hunting, trapping beaver, and trading with the Indians. In this pursuit he made several trips as far westward as Iowa on horseback. In 1841 he came to Howard county and settled on Little Wild Cat creek, in Harrison township, a short distance east of West Middleton. He was a member of the ]\Iasonic Order and at the time of his death he was the oldest member in the county, having belonged to the order nearly fifty years. The sword that he carried during the War of 1812 he presented to the ^Masonic lodge in New London. He was an ardent and enthusiastic LTnion man during the war of the Rebellion and a great admirer of Lincoln. He firmly believed that the administration would be finally triumphant but did not live to see it. The Tribune of April 23. 1861, has this to say of him. "Colonel Heaton. the ^-eteran soldier, eighty-one years old. was in town on Sunday. He wants to volunteer. He says a man had better say his prayers.

Of Howard Colnty. I27

Colonel Heaton was small of stature, energetic and active, positi\-e in his nature and a great reader, especially of the current literature of the day. He was married three times and had sixteen children, eight boys and eight girls. On the 14th day of January, 1863, when the rebellion had grown to gigantic proportions, when the fierce winds of winter were howling without, and all nature seemed agitated, his life went out with the storm. His funeral rites were said by the Rev. Mr. Keelen, a Baptist minister, and his remains were laid forever at rest in the little burial ground at Alto.

Samuel Giles was born in Lexington, Kentucky, in 1792. He enlisted in his native state and served under Colonel Richard M. Johnson. He was in the battles of Tippecanoe and the Thames. He came to this county in 1861 and died in 1866.

John ]\Iiller was born .in \\'estmoreland county, Pennsylvania, October 13, 1794. His father dietl when he was seventeen years old. He, in company with his brother, George [Miller, moved to \\'arren county, Ohio, near Lebanon, about the year 181 1, which was then almost a wilderness. In 1814 he helped to organize a company, which was being recruited at the military post at Dayton, Ohio. This company was sent to Fort Meigs, on the Maumee. He was sent from this place to Hamilton, Ohio, as a recruiting officer. His regiment Avas transferred to the command of General Brown, and took part in the battle of Lundy's Lane. He also helped to defend Fort Erie against the repeated attempts of the British to take it. The siege lasted more than six weeks, when the British were repulsed. After the war Aliller resided for a time in Darke county, near Fort Jefferson, famous in history as the place where St. Clair retreated after his defeat by the Indians at Fort Recovery. In 1826 he married Sarah Broderick. In 1850 he moved to Howard county, three-quarters of a mile north of Jerome, where he resided until his deatli. wliich occurred February 22, 1873. His wife survived him five years. The ashes of both repose in the Jerome cemetery, on the banks of Wild Cat, where rest many of the pioneers of Howard county. John Miller was an industrious citizen, identified with all of the early improvements of the county and a firm friend of education and free schools.

\\'illiam Appersnn was born in Culpeper county, Virginia, April 12, 1786. \\'hen tiie war was declared lie was living in Washington county, Virginia. He enlisted in Captain Byer's company and ser\-ed his full term. He came to Clinton county, Indiana, in 1843, moved to Howard county in September, 1844, and settled on and pre-empted the farm owned by the late Elbert S. Apperson, but now owned by the Apperson brothers of automobile fame. He died December 20. 1874.

Henry Jackson, born in Fleming county, Kentucky, in 1795, enlisted in his native state in 181 3. serving nine months and participating in the battle of the Thames. In 1843 he emigrated to this county and settled in Clay township. He died in 1853 and was buried in the Barnett graveyard, about eight miles west of Kokomo.

Peter Gray was born in Kentucky in 1780 or 1781. He enlisted in his native state and served five years in the regular army. He was under General Jacob Brown and helped to gain the brilliant victory at Lundy's Lane. In this fierce contest he received three wounds, one in the forehead and one in the breast by saber strokes, and (ine a musket ball, in the leg, which he bore with him to the grave. He died and was buried at Russiaville in 1879.

John Rivers was born in North Carohna September 5, 1795. He enbsted when only seventeen years of age as a soldier from that state. He came to this county about the year 1841 and settled two miles southwest of Russiaville.

Captain John Harrison, a veteran of the War of 181 2, should not be omitted from this list. He came to Howard county in 1839 and settled in the southeastern part of Ervin township, building a two-room log house, using one room as a store and various public uses, as a polling place, the commissioners' meeting place, etc. At the election in 1844, held at his house, he was elected as the first sheriff of Richardville county.

The War With Mexico

In 1846, when war was declared with Mexico, this county was very sparsely settled and there was no attempt at raising a company here. The sentiment of patriotism was very strong among the settlers, though they were scattered and few and were waging a mighty contest in making liomes in the forests and swamps of this new country. While no opportunity presented itself for them to volunteer for this war at home, they sought and found it in another county. Captain Milroy was organizing Company A of the First Indiana Regiment at Delphi, in Can-oil county, and the following persons from our county went there to join it : Barnabas Busby, Boston Orb, Andrew J. Forgey, Thomas Kennedy, W^illiam Gearhart, George Ei-vin, John Gearhart, Edward Irvin, Andrew Gerhart, James A. Forgey, Samuel Gerhart, Isaac Landrum, Daniel Isley, Thomas Landrum, William Harrison, Samuel Yager, John Barngrover, Samuel Gay, James Barngrover, W^illiam Judkins and Anthony Emley. Andrew Park also went from this county, but probably not in the same company.

Of the ^Mexican war veterans who have since made their homes in tliis county may be mentioned B. F. Voiles. Pollard J. Brown, John Myers, James A. Haggard, John Twinum, Charles M. Fifer, Irvin Tennell, Job Tennell, Michael Craner, Williams S. Reeves, Norvell Fleming, Paul Miller, Daniel Barnhart, Calvin Carter, James L. Bailey, William Vandenbark, David Randall and Philip McDade. Of those who went to the war from this county only six served their entire term of enlistment and these were Barnabas Busby, Andrew J. Forgey, John and James Barngrover, William Judkins and Anthony Emley. The others either died or were discharged. John Gearhart was the first man from this county to die, as he also was the first of his regiment.

It may well be noticed that these soldiers and veterans of the A\'ar of 1 81 2 and of the war with Mexico were not men actuated solely by a spirit of adventure, or men who were out of settled employment, or men who had not found their place in the work of life and who went into the army because they had nothing else to do. They were the useful citizens of their several communities, and when their work was accomplished in overcoming the nation's foes and peace was restored these men returned to their homes and took up again their civic duties and began again their usefuf lives of peace. The citizen soldiery of our county is its great safeguard.

Howard Ix The Civil War

The great war of our country and perhaps the greatest of all countries and of all times was the war of the Rebellion, sometimes called the war of the States, but more correctly the war for the Preser\'ation of the Union. Those who began the war did it for the purpose of establishing a separate government, another nation whose chief cornerstone was to be negro slavery throughout its entire territory. The North and the South were to be separate but neighboring nations, with no natural boundaries; only state lines should separate them.

Governments thus located, because of their different administrations and conflicting interests and close proximity, would be subject to much friction, leading to wars and national hatreds. In the course of events the time would come when the East or the West would conclude, because of some local interest, that it would be best for them to form a separate government, and thus disintegration having commenced it would go on until this mighty Republic would be separated into many jarring republics or kingdoms. Thus the war of the Rebellion was a war by the Government of the United States for its own preservation.

Negro slavery wais the principal cause of the war. In the Southern, or slave-holding states, a large majority of the white people regarded negro slavery as a useful institution, without a moral wrong; their education and the custom of their country had confirmed them in the belief that the negro was an inferior race and as such was designed for service for their masters, the whites. The laws of the land had made property of the slaves and thus the slaveowner not only looked on his negro slaves as useful burden-bearers and toilers, but as his individual property. This domestic condition had produced in the South a class of idle, proud aristocrats who looked on the laboring classes, whether negro or poor whites, as inferiors. So strong was this feeling at the beginning of the war that they boasted that one Southern gentleman could whip five Yankees.

On the other side there was a large number of people in the Northern states who believed that negro slavery was morally wrong, and that it was a national sin to tolerate it. by enacting laws regulating it and recognizing property rights in human beings. The Tugitive Slave Law was especially odious to these people.

This class of people were especially numerous and active in Howard county. There was another and a conservative class who contended that advancing civilization and time would solve the slavery question in the gradual emancipation of the slaves ; that the bitter agitation of the ultra pro-slavery people of the South and anti-slavery people of the North was exceedingly dangerous and unwise: and sought, by all manner of compromise suggestions, to Cjuiet the public feeling.

During the presidential campaign of i860 John C. Breckenridge was the candidate of the pro-slavery people. Abraham Lincoln of the people and Stephen A. Douglas of the conservatives. Every element was wonderfully stirred, and public feeling ran high. Breckenridge received some votes in Howard county. Douglas a large number, but Lincoln had a majority, ^^'hen Lincoln was declared elected the pro-slavery people felt that a crisis had come: that the end of their cherished institution, slavery, was in sight, and they immediately began preparations to resist it. And though Lincoln had been lawfully elected President, they declared they would not submit to his government, and began to pass secession ordinances in the Southern states and to organize another government in the South.

Southern Sympathizers

The friends of Douglas saw the impending storm and sought. by every means, to avert it. They predicted it would be a long and bloody war : that the flower of the manhood of the North would be sacrificed before the war would be successfullv ended : and that it would cost an enormous amount in treasure and war supplies. They contended that the freeing of four million negroes would not near justify such a war. They pleaded with the victorious anti-slavery people to give the pro-slaver)' people of the South guarantees that their rights would not be interfered with and that the national go\'ernment would not interfere with what the Southern people denominated their domestic affairs. They pleaded with the Southern people, saying it would be ruinous to dissolve the Union and to engage in a fratricidal war. Foreseeing that war was inevitable unless the antagonistic elements could be reconciled, John J. Chittenden, a senator from Kentucky, a man universally respected for his patriotism, his ability and great moral worth, on the 1 8th of December, i860, presented in the United States Senate a series of Compromise Resolutions, which were long debated and finally rejected by nineteen votes for and twenty votes against.

Early in February the famous Peace Conference, called on the initiative of Virginia, met at Washington; only twenty states were represented. For twenty-one days this conference deliberated behind closed doors, but it was learned afterwards that the sole matter debated and considered was the slave question. The question foremost was, how much could the North yield to the South on the slave question to avoid war?

The final conclusion of the conference was really a surrender by the North on all the points in controversy ; providing, first, that Congress should never interfere with slavery in the District of Columbia, over which, by the Constitution, Congress held exclusive jurisdiction without the consent of the slave-holding state of Maryland and the consent of the slave-holders of the District: second, that Congress should not forbid slave-holders from bringing their slaves to Washington, nor abolish slavery in any of the dockyards, fortresses, or territories under the jurisdiction of the United States where slavery then existed.

Third, that Congress should not prohibit and should so amend the Constitution that the states should not prohibit the transportation of slaves from and through any of the states and territories where slavery then existed, either by law or usage.

On the other hand, the South was to consent to the suppression of the slave trade ; that the District of Columbia should not be used as a slave market, and that slavery should be prohibited north of thirty-six degrees, thirty minutes north latitude.

The extreme Southern states were not represented. They were resolved upon breaking up the Government entirely and establishing for themselves a thorough slave-holding oligarchy and refused to take any part in the Peace Convention.

Notwithstanding this stand of these Southern states many good and well-meaning citizens of the North petitioned Congress to pass the Crittenden Resolutions, which differed in no great degree from the Peace Conference Resolutions.

Probably the fairest presentation of the views of the anti-slavery people was made by Senator Charles Sumner, November 27, 1861. But looking at the concessions proposed I have always found them utterly unreasonable and indefensible. I should not expose them now% if they did not constantly testify to the origin and mainspring of this rebellion. Slavery was always the single subject-matter and nothing else. Slavery was not only an integral part of every concession, but the single integer. The single idea was to give some new security in some form to slavery. That brilliant statesman, Mr. Canning, in one of those eloquent speeches which charm so much by the style, said that he was "tired of being a 'security grinder,' " but his experience was not comparable to ours. "Security grinding," in the name of slavery, has been for years the way in which we have encountered this conspiracy.

The proposition of the last Congress began with the President's message, which was in itself one long concession. You do not forget his sympathetic portraiture of the disaffection throughout the slave states or his testimony to the cause. Notoriously and shamefully his heart was with the conspirators, and he knew intimately the mainspring of their conduct. He proposed nothing short of a general surrender to slavery, and thus did he proclaim slaverv as the head and front - the very causa causaus of the whole crime.

You have not forgotten the Peace Conference - as it was delusively styled - convened at Washington, on the summons of Virginia, with John Tyler in the chair, where New York, as well as Massachusetts, was represented by some of her ablest and most honored citizens. The sessions were with closed doors ; but it is now known that throughout the proceedings, lasting for weeks, nothing was discussed but slavery. And the propositions finally adopted by the convention were confined to slavery. Forbearing all details, it will be enough to say that they undertook to give to slavery positive protection in the Constitution, with new sanction and immunity, making it, notwithstanding the determination of our fathers, national instead of sectional; and even more than this, making it one of the essentials and permanent parts of our Republican system.

But slavery is sometimes as deceptive as at other times it is bold; and these propositions were still further offensive from their studied uncertainty, amounting to positive duplicity.

At a moment when frankness was needed above all things, v/e were treated to phases pregnant with doubts and controversies, and were gravely asked, in the name of slavery, to embody them in the Constitution.

There was another string of propositions, much discussed last winter, which bore the name of the venerable senator from whom they came - Mr. Crittenden, of Kentucky. These also related to slavery, and nothing else. They were more obnoxious even than those from the Peace Conference. And yet there were petitioners from the North - and even from Massachusetts - who prayed for this great surrender to slavery.

Considering the character of these propositions - that they sought to change the Constitution in a manner revolting to the moral sense; to foist into the Constitution the idea of property in man; to protect slavery in all present territory south of thirty-six degrees, thirty minutes, and to canw it into all territory hereafter acquired south of that line, and thus to make our beautiful Stars and Stripes, in their southern march, the flag of slavery; considering that they further sought to give new constitutional securities to slavery in the national Capital and in other places within the exclusive Federal jurisdiction ; that they sought to give new constitutional securities to the transit of slaves from state to state, opening the way to a roll call of slaves at the foot of Bunker Hill or the gates of Faneuil Hall; and that they also sought the disfranchisement of more than ten thousand of my fellow citizens in Massachusetts, whose rights are fixed by the Constitution of that Commonwealth, drawn by John Adams; considering these things I felt at the time, and I still feel, that the best apology of these petitioners was, that they were ignorant of the true character of these propositions, and that in signing these petitions they knew not what they did. But even in their ignorance they testified to slavery, while the propositions were the familiar voice of slavery crying, 'Give, give.' "

In The House Of Representatives

As typifying the feelings of the more radical men on each side these quotations are given. Mr. Lovejoy, in the national house of representatives, said: "There never was a more causeless revolt since Lucifer led his cohorts of apostate angels against the throne of God; but I never heard that the Almighty proposed to compromise the matter by allowing the rebels to kindle the fires of hell south of the celestial meridian of thirty-six thirty."

Mr. W^igfall, senator from Te.xas, said : "It is the merest balderdash - that is, what it is - it is the most unmitigated fudge for any one to get up here and tell men who ha^'e sense and who have brains, that there is any prospect of two-thirds of this Congress passing any propositions as an amendment to the Constitution, that any man who is white, twenty-one years old, and whose hair is straig'ht, living south of Mason and Dixon's line, will be content with."

The following- extract from the Mobile Advertiser is but a fair reflection of much of the work of the Southern press to fire the hearts and minds of the Southern people against the North : "They may raise plenty of men ; men who prefer enlisting to starvation ; scurvy fellows from the back scum of cities, whom Falstaff would not have marched through Coventry with : but these recruits are not soldiers, least of all the soldiers to meet hot-blooded, thoroughbred, impetuous men of the South. Trencher soldiers, who enlisted to war on their rations, not on men, they are; such as marched through Baltimore, squalid, wretched, ragged and half-naked, as the newspapers of that city report them. Fellows who do not know the breech of a musket from its muzzle, and had rather filch a handkerchief than fight an enemy in manly cnmbat. White sla\-es, peddling wretches, small-change kna^-es and vagrants, the dregs and offscouring of the populace ; these are the levied forces whom Lincoln suddenly arrays as candidates for the honor of being slaughtered by gentlemen - such as Mobile sent to battle yesterday. Let them come South and we will put our negroes to the dirty work of killing them. But they will not come South. Not a wretch of them will live this side of the border longer than it will take us to reach the ground and drive them over."

Rule Or Ruin Policy

There was a large element in the South in the beginning who were opposed to this rule and ruin policy, not only among the masses but many of the prominent leaders.

The Hon. A. H. Stephens, on the 14th of November, i860, in the hall of the House of Representatives at Milledgeville, Georgia, made these patriotic remarks: "The first question that presents itself is. shall the people of the South secede from the Union in consequence of the election of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency of the United States?

"]\Iy countrymen, I tell you frankly, candidly and earnestly that I do not think the}- ought. Li my judgment the election of no man. constitutionally chosen to that high office, is sufficient cause for any state to separate from the Union. It ought to stand by and aid still in maintaining the Constitution of the country. To make a point of resistance to the Government, to withdraw from it. because a man has been constitutionally elected, puts us in the wrong. We are pledged to maintain the Constitution. 'Sla.ny of us have sworn to support it. Can we, therefore, for the mere election of a man to the Presidency, and that, too, in accordance with the prescribed forms of the Constitution, make a point of resistance to the government without becoming breakers of that sacred instrument ourselves?

"But that this government of our fathers, with all its defects, conies nearer the objects of all good governments than any other on the face of the earth, is my settled conviction. Contrast it now with any other on the face of the earth. ('England,' said Mr. Toombs.) England, my friend says. Well, that is next best, I grant ; but I think we have improved upon England. Statesmen tried their apprentice hand on the government of England and then ours was made. Ours sprung from that, avoiding many of its defects, taking most of the good, and leaving out many of its errors, and, from the whole, constructing and building up this model Republic - the best which the history of the world gives any account of. ^^'here will you go, following the sun in its circuit around the globe, to find a government that better protects the liberties of the people and secures to them the blessings we enjoy? I think one of the evils that beset us is a surfeit of liberty, an exuberance of the priceless blessings for which we are ungrateful.

"I look upon this country, with our institutions, as the Eden of the world - the paradise of the universe. It may be that out of it we may become greater and more prosperous ; but I am candid and sincere in telling you, that I fear, if we rashly evince passion, and without sufficient cause shall take that step, that, instead of becoming greater or more peaceful, prosperous and happy, instead of becoming gods, we will become demons, and at no distant day commence cutting one another's throats."

Secession And Disunion

Secession and disunion were sweeping over the South like a tidal wave and within three months the author of this patriotic address accepted the vice-presidency of the Southern Confederacy, and on the 21st of March, 1861, he made this declaration: "The new Constitution has put at rest forever ah the agitating questions relating to our peculiar institution - African slavery as it exists among us - the proper status of the negro in our form of civilization. This was the immediate cause of the late rupture and present revolution. Jefferson, in his forecast, had anticipated this as the rock on which the old Union would split. He was right.

"What was conjecture with him is now realized fact. But whether he fully comprehended the great truth upon which the rock stood and stands may be doubted.

"The prevailing idea entertained by him and most of the leading statesmen at the time of the fomiation of the old Constitution was that the enslavement of the i\frican was in violation of the laws of nature ; that it was wrong in principle, socially, morally and politically.

"These ideas were, however, fundamentally wrong. They rested, however, upon the assumption of the ecjuality of the races. This was an error. It was a sandy foundation and the idea of a government built upon it, when the storm came and the wind blew it fell. Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite ideas. Its foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests upon the great truths, that the negro is not equal to the white man ; that slavery subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition. Thus our new government is the first in the history of the world based upon this great physical, philosophical and moral truth.

Public Sentiment In Howard

The cause of the war of the Rebellion and the public sentiments in relation to it have thus been set forth at some length as explaining most fully the division of sentiment in Howard county at the beginning and throughout that war.

If there were any at all who really wished the Confederates to win and the Union destroyed they were few indeed.' The citizenship of the county were practically unanimous in wishing the Union preserved.

They differed as to methods and policies. The Republicans believed that the Southern states were in rebellion because they were victors in the national election, having elected Lincoln President. For that reason they had a personal interest in putting down the rebellion ; they also were in direct opposition to the slaveholders on the slavery question, and because of these antagonisms the feelings between them was hot and bitter, and being largely in the majority in the county, the war sentiment was o\'erwhelmingly in the majority.

These made the same mistake the Southerners had made in underestimating the fighting powers of their opponents. Many of them declared that it would only be a before-breakfast job to put down the rebellion.

Those who had supported Douglas for President were for peace first and war only as the last resort. Their forecast of the impending struggle Avas more nearly correct than either of the others; they foresaw that it would be long and bloody and would end only when one side was completely exhausted. They, too, considered slavery the sole issue to wage war for and they did not consider this of such paramount importance to justify a long, bloody and exhaustive war, and so they urged a peaceable settlement if possible. They urged both sides to make concessions in the interests of peace and to cultivate a spirit of friendship rather than hostihty. While the war was going on, they urged that every opportunity for concluding an honorable peace with a reunited country be used. At no time did they consait to a dissolution of our Union.

Because of the highly wrought up feelings of all of the people, there was more or less friction between the war and the peace elements and many unkind and unjust things were said and done. Dr. Lewis Rern, in April, 1861, came near being mobbed on the streets of Kokomo, a victim of this excited condition of the public mind because of some alleged saying imputed to him reflecting on the war spirit of the times.

But when Fort Sumpter was fired on and the flag went down in surrender to the rebels, their differences were forgotten and the followers of Douglas followed their leader in offering themselves for sen'ice for their country and the Union. It is true that in the Congressional elections of 1862 and the national election of 1864 that party lines were clearly drawn, and the Democrats representing the peace party polled a large vote. They clung tenaciously and fondly to the delusive hope that the people of the South could be induced to lay down their rebellious arms and return to their allegiance to the Union by making certain guarantees respecting their negro slaves. After more than forty years have passed and time has cleared up all things we are constrained to wonder how those people could so elude themselves. We must remember, however, that the mists of partisan prejudice were all about them and their An'sion was not clear.

Lincoln To The Kentuckians

friends would give guarantees that negro slavery would not be interfered with in the South ; that the trouble would end. And yet they had no reason for believing this. Lincoln himself had made this clear. In a speech at Cincinnati, when on his way to Washington for the first inauguration, addressing directly a party of ' Kenutckians, he said, "You perhaps want to know what we will do with you. I will tell you so far as I am authorized to speak for the opposition. We mean to treat you, as nearly as possible, as Washington, Jefferson and Madison treated you. We mean to leave you alone, and in no way to interfere with your institutions ; to abide by all and every compromise of the Constitution. We mean to remember that you are as good as we; that there is no difference between us other than the difference of circumstances. We mean to recognize and bear in mind always that you have as good hearts in your bosoms as other people, or as we claim to have, and treat you accordingly."

In the same journey, at Philadelphia, he said, "I have often inquired of myself what great principle or idea it was that kept this Confederacy so long together. It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the motherland ; but that sentiment in the Declaration of Independence which gave liberty, not alone to the people of this count^\^ but I hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that, in due time, the weight would be lifted from the shoulders of all men. This was a sentiment embodied in the Declaration of Independaice.

"Now, my friends, can this country be saved on this basis? If it can I shall consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help save it. If it cannot be saved on that principle, it will be truly awful.

spot than surrender it. Now in my view of the present aspect of affairs, tliere is no need of bloodshed or war. There is no necessity for it. I am not in fa\-or of such a course, and I may say, in advance, that there will be no bloodshed unless it be forced upon the go\-emment, and then it will be compelled to act in self-defense."

"I think that I have no prejudice against the Southern people. If slavery did not now exist among them they would not introduce it. If it did now exist among us we would not instantly give it up. This I believe of the masses Xolth and South. Doubtless there are individuals, on both sides, who would not hold slaves under any circumstances : and others who would gladly introduce sla\-ery anew, if it were out of existence. \\'e know that some Southern men do free their slaves, go North and become tip-top abolitionists ; while some Northern men go South and become most cruel slave-masters."

Mr. Lincoln closed his first inaugural address with these words : "In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of ci\-il war. The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without yourselves being the aggressors.

"You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the government : while I shall have the most solemn one to 'preserve, protect and defend it." I am loath to close. \\'e are not enemies but friends. W'e must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not break our bond of affection. The mystic chords of memor3^ stretching from every battle field and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will vet swell the chorus of the L"''nion, when again touched, as surely thev will be, by the better angels of our nature."

In view of the developments of the past forty-eight years and tlie light we now ha\-e it may be coniidently asserted that the real questions and conditions of the country at the beginning of the Civil war were not fully realized and understood by any of the parties then existing. The slavery question was treated and considered the sole question in controversy and as the whole cause of the disruption of the Union. The real cause seems rather to have been a condition growing out of slavery.

Views Of Slave-Holders

The slave-holders, accustomed for generations to having colored servants to wait upon them and to do all their various kinds of labor, had come to look upon labor as degrading and to consider themselves as socially above the laboring classes. A slaveholding aristocracy had grown up in our country. They had become proud and domineering, and were wholly out of sympathy with the spirit of a free people. The poor whites of the South were ostracised by them and considered by them as little better than the negroes.

Senator Toombs gave expression to this aristocratic feeling when he said to Stephens that England was a better government than ours. He had in mind their lords and titled nobilities.

It was the design of the rebels to overthrow our free institutions and to introduce in their stead the reign of slavery. Capital was to own labor. The industrial classes were to be slaves kept in ignorance. The privileged class were to live in indolence and luxury, maintained by the toil of their unpaid serfs.

upon the balcony of his beautiful palace overlooking the Rhine and looking out upon his vineyards filled with men and women performing feudal sen'ice for their lord, he exclaimed to the brilliant company about him, "Behold the true philosophy of society - gentlemen in the palace, laborers in the field, with an impassable gulf between."

That was the philosophy of society that appealed to the slaveholders of the South and the real cause of the rebellion. It is a matter of great wonder that such a gigantic struggle could have been precipitated by so few persons. The whole number of slaveholders in the South did not probably exceed three hundred thousand.

Not more than one hundred thousand possessed any considerable number of slaves. And yet this petty oligarch, entirely subordinate to a few leading minds, organized the most gigantic rebellion which ever shook the globe. Senator Sumner has said, "The future historian will record that the present rebellion, notwithstanding its protracted origin, the multitude it has enlisted, and its extensive sweep, was at last precipitated by fewer than twenty men; Mr. Everett says by as few as ten."

Peace Party Fails

Notwithstanding the efforts of the peace party of the North to stay the oncoming stmggle ; notwithstanding Mr. Lincoln's conciliatory declarations, the Southern leaders went industriously on in getting ready for the struggle. They planned to precipitate a riot in Baltimore while Mr. Lincoln was passing through and to assassinate him, and had planned a way for the assassin to escape.

at nightfall he stole out with a few friends, took a special train to Baltimore, was transferred from one depot to another unobserved, and was in Washington ahead of time and unannounced. General Scott and Secretary of War Holt took active measures to secure Mr. Lincoln's safety in Washington.

On the morning of April 12th, the rebel batteries opened fire on Fort Sumter, and on the following day the garrison was forced to surrender.

The efifect of the bombardment and capture of Fort Sumpter on the North was electrical. As the news of the insult to the national flag, of the battle and the capture of the fort by the rebels, was flashed along the wires, excitement, perhaps unparalleled in the history of the world, pervaded every city and hamlet and almost heart. All party distinctions seemed to be forgotten. There were only two parties - patriots and traitors. The feeling in Howard county was intense. The people, in their anxiety for the war news, engaged all the papers of the newsdealers before they arrived and besieged the newsboys on the trains for the daily papers, and often the supply was exhausted before all were supplied.

The writer of this was the newsboy of the rural community in which he lived almost the entire period of the Civil war, and through storm and shine daily he went to the nearest station for the papers. Interest in the war news from the many battlefields of the South never flagged.

News Of Fort Sumpter

In speaking of the fall of Fort Sumpter the Tribune said, "Let all old party lines be obliterated and all angry words of other days be forgotten. These are not times in which to remember former difficulties. A dark cloud hangs over the country. All the world looks on amazed and anxious. Already has our Government been disgraced and wherever civilization is known the people are awaiting in astonishmait to see whether or not the American Union is what it has been represented or no government at all."

Men who, but a few days before, had been bitterly hostile, were at once seen standing side by side on the same platform to resist this rebellion.

Senator Douglas, the great leader of the Northern Democrats, made a speech at Chicago, from which the following extracts are made : "That the present danger is imminent, no man can conceal.

"If war must come - if the ba}-onet must be used to maintain the Constitution - I say before God. my conscience is clean, I have struggled long for a peaceful solution of the difficulty. I have not only tendered those states what was theirs of right, but I have gone to the very extreme of magnanimity.

"The slavery question is a mere excuse, the election of Lincoln a mere pretext. The present secession movement is the result of an enormous conspiracy formed more than a year since, formed by the leaders in the Southern Confederacy more than twelve months ago. The conspiracy is now known. Armies have been raised, war is levied to accomplish it. There are only two sides to the question. Eveiy man must be for the United States or against it. There can be no neutrals in this war : only patriots or traitors.

"I know they expected to present a united South against a divided North. They hoped in the Northern states party questions would bring civil war between Democrats and Republicans, when the South would step in, with her cohorts, aid one partv to conquer the other and then make easy prey of the victors. Their scheme was carnage and civil war in the North.

"^^'hile there was hope of peace, I was ready for any reasonable sacrifice or compromise to maintain it. But when the question comes of war in the cotton fields of the South or corn fields of Illinois, I say the further ofif the better.

"It is a sad task to discuss questions so fearful as civil war; but sad as it is, bloody and disastrous as I expect it will be, I express it as my conviction before God that it is the duty of every American citizen to rally around the flag of his counti-y."

First Call For Volunteers

On JMonday, April 15th, the President issued a call for seventyfive thousand volunteers for three months' service in putting down the rebellion and called an extra session of Congress for July 4th. Following close upon the call of the President came the following proclamation by the governor of Indiana :

"Whereas, An armed rebellion has been organized in certain states of this Union, having for its purpose the overthrow of the United States; and

"Whereas, The authors and movers in this rebellion have seized, by violence, various forts and arsenals belonging to the United States and otherwise plundered the government of large amounts of money and valuable property ; and

"Whereas, Fort Sumter, a fortress belonging to the United States, the exclusive possession and jurisdiction over which were vested in the general government by the Constitution of the United States, has been besieged by a large army and assaulted by a destructive cannonade, and reduced to submission, and the national flag hauled down and dishonored ; and upon the several states remaining true to their allegiance to aid him in the enforcement of the laws, the recovery of the national property and the maintenance of the rightful authority of the United States; now, therefore, I, Oliver P. Morton, governor of the state of Indiana, call upon loyal and patriotic men of the state to the number of six regiments to organize themselves into military companies and forthwith report the same to the adjutant-general in order that they may be speedily mustered into the service of the United States. The details of the organization are set forth in the instructions of the adjutant-general herewith published.

"Dr. Richmond and other citizens request us to call a meeting at Richmond & Leed's Hall to-night for the purpose of considering the duties of citizens in the present crisis. Turn out. patriots. Volunteers are being offered all over the countr}\ All parties agree now." Although the notice was short, the meeting was well attended. Fiery speeches were made and ringing resolutions passed and preparations were immediately begun for the organization of a company.

The First To Fall

William R. Philips, who was one of the first to fall in defense of his country from this county, headed the list of volunteers. In less than one week nearly two hundred names were enrolled. On Friday evening, April 19th, the company met in Richmond & Leed's Hall and elected the following officers: Thomas J. Harrison, captain; Thomas Herring, first lieutenant, and William R. Philips, second lieutenant.

On tlie Saturday afternoon following posters were put out calling a meeting at the Methodist Episcopal church in the evening for the purpose of securing a fund for the support of the families of volunteers who were about to start in the service of their country. Accordingly, at an early hour, the house was filled to overflowing. Mr. Charles Murray was made chairman, and, on motion of Mr. James \\\ Robinson, the following persons were appointed an executive committee: J. W. Robinson, Thomas Auter, Herman Keeler, Benjamin R. Norman and Samuel Rosenthal. Thomas Jay was elected treasurer. The books were opened for subscriptions and the people responded liberally. Jay and Dolman headed the list with two hundred dollars. Nearly every one present gave something in amounts from two dollars to five dollars. One man gave a lot in the city of Kokomo and several farmers subscribed one hundred bushels of corn each. The total subscription amounted to more than two thousand dollars.

Someone suggested that the citizens should furnish the volunteers with blankets. Here, again, was a great rush to see who should have the privilege. Gentlemen ofifered all they had, together with comforts, to answer until the volunteers could get where they could buy blankets, and twenty-five dollars to buy them with. This was the spirit of the people, and in five minutes over one hundred blankets were provided. Flannel shirts and drawers were also named. As the boys were to leave on Monday morning it was suggested that, as the company would remain a week or two at Indianapolis, these could be made and shipped down to the care of Captain Harrison. This was agreed upon, when immediately ladies offered a dozen each, gentlemen offered bolts of flannel, others came up and handed in money, and in a few minutes the whole company was provided for.

further aid in Center township : Worley Leas, R. F. Kennedy and George W. Hocker. By a motion the people in each township were requested to act immediately and secure a large fund for the support of the families of volunteers. Messrs. Thomas Jay, Samuel Rosenthal and Chapin were appointed to receive and

Generous Donations

These patriotic, and generous donations for the comfort and well-being of the volunteers were not only the substantial expression of the feelings of the people but were also necessary contributions to the needs of the volunteer soldiery as well, for in the beginning the government had no well-disciplined commissary department.

Sunday, April 21st, was a memorable day in the history' of Howard county. In the issue of April 23. 1861, the Tribune thus describes it: "The streets were crowded early in the morning. The people from all parts of the county came in by scores and fifties. Both churches were filled at the usual hour for holding meeting. At the Methodist Episcopal church a first-rate sermon and devout prayers for the safety of the country were listened to with close attention. At the Christian church, Francis O'Dowd addressed a large audience in the most patriotic style, pledging his all at the close for the government.

Meanwhile volunteers were constantly enrolling their names. About noon the fife and drum were heard and most of the afternoon the companies were under drill. At three o'clock p. m. the volunteers marched out the East Road and met a tremendous procession coming from that direction. There was a large number of fourhorse wagons and a large procession of horsemen. In the crowd were many volunteers coming down to leave for the service. When the two multitudes met, thundering cheers for the stars and stripes were heard for miles aroitnd. The procession, about a quarter of a mile in length, returned to the public square, where Professor Baldwin addressed the assembly most eloquently. So great was the enthusiasm that Professor Baldwin himself and all the teeachers and pupils who were old enough enlisted, so that the school was discontinued for some time. The dry goods stores were kept open and such things as were needed by soldiers were freely given without a cent of pav. Money was distributed for use while in camp and every want that could be thought of was provided for. Such a Sabbath never was or perhaps never will be witnessed in Kokomo as this one was." As the evening shadows thickened into night the bells pealed forth a strange, sweet music to those who were to leave on the morrow. The churches were crowded again and many fervent prayers were ofifered for the flag of our country and for those who had pledged themselves to stand by it against every foe.

At sunrise on the following day the town was full of wagons~ and horses, and from six o'clock until train time an immense multitude thronged all the streets about the depot. The time had come when the first company of soldiers ever organized in Howard county were waiting to depart for a service of which no one at that time had the least conception.

There were hundreds of tearful eyes as the last farewells were said. It was the parting of parents with children, of husbands with their wives, brothers with sisters and lovers with each other, with pledges to be true till war's desolation was over. The thought of it being the last good-bye paled many a cheek and moistened many eyes unused to tears.

bless-you and tliey were gone. The Tribune of the next day contained this patriotic sentiment from the able pen of the late T. C. Philips: "The times that try men"s souls are upon us. Every man. every woman. e\-ery person able to work has important duties to perform. Let us begin now. There must not be an idle person. A large crop must be raised and fewer men than usual must raise it. Every acre of ground must be tilled. Patriots are in demand and, thank heaven, they are ready. Thousands of strong men will be needed in defense of our country, and they are presenting" themselves, asking to serve in that defense. Everj^ one left at home can do the work of two. In the days of the revolution, women performed the labor of men, and men did double labor.

"The days of '76 are present with us in '61. The battles must be fought over again. An anny of rebels ten times worse than the tyrants who denied us liberty in '76 would now wrench that liberty from us and drag the flag of our country and our fathers in the dust. Arouse, freemen! If patriotism ever was needed that time is now. Let there be no influence against the enlisting of your son in the cause. Ask God's blessing on him and let him go. We heard a day or two since a man offered to furnish the family of a volunteer all the flour needed until he should return. 'But," said another, 'if he never returns?' 'Wdiile I live the contract shall be kept inviolate,' was the answer. That is the true spirit. May the people be imbued with the spirit of true patriotism, and may those who remain at home do their whole duty. Those who go away, we know, will do theirs,"

When the company arrived at Indianapolis it took quarters at Camp Morton and immediately organized. It was found that there were nearly enough men for two companies, and so the boys organized a new company, and Dr. Corydon Richmond, who, it seems, was a most zealous worker in the cause, hurried home and procured a sufficient number of men to complete the second company. So energetic were our boys that in one week from the day the first meeting- was called in Kokomo the first company was mustered into the seiwice and succeeded in obtaining a place in the Sixth (three months) Regiment.

This was the first regiment mustered in the state for the war of the Rebellion. The five previous regiments had been raised for the war with Mexico.

The following is the oath which each man was required to take and which all volunteers and regulars mustered into the service of the United States are required to take before final enrollment : "I do solemnly swear that I will bear true allegiance to the United States of America; that I will serve them honestly and faithfully against all enemies or opposers whatsoever ; that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and of the other officers appointed over me. According to the rules of the armies of the United States, so help me God."

The Indianapolis Journal paid them the following tribute on the day they were mustered in: "Captain Harrison, who was a member of the Legislature in 1858, arrived yesterday with his company, the Howard Rifles, and took quarters at Camp Morton. His men are of those who can pick squirrels out of the tops of the tallest trees and rebels from the secession ranks as far as a Sharp's rifle vvill carry." Thomas M. Kirkpatrick and Barnabas Busby, both being farmers, did not get their affairs arranged in time to join the first company, but hastened to Indianapolis and joined the second company. Mr. Kirkpatrick was chosen captain, Mr. Busby

Captain Kirkpatrick's company was made Company C in the Twelfth Regiment, and after failing to get in the three months' service was transferred to the Thirteenth Regiment as Company E and was stationed at Camp Sullivan.

Thus, while Captain Harrison's company had the honor of being in the first three months' regiment organized in the state. Captain Kirkpatrick's company was in the first three years' regiment.

During the stay in camp in Indianapolis the men were in active preparation for war, drilling almost constantly. Many little incidents occurred to break the monotony of camp life, and when, on the 30th of May, the Sixth Regiment was ordered to the front, they were in high spirits. They left for western Virginia by way of Cincinnati and Parkersburg\ They had been fully equipped, armed and clothed and presented a gay appearance. Their passage through Indiana and Ohio was a grand ovation. The Cincinnati Enquirer of May 31st said of them: "The attendance at the depot yesterday when Colonel Crittenden's command arrived was very large and all along the entire length of the march through the city the throngs on the sidewalks and the street corners were immense, and. as the brave Indianians marched along, the cheers that greeted them were vociferous. The gallant troops made a fine appearance and were applauded by ever\^body for their soldierly demeanor. The regiment was brought to a halt and a frontface when opposite the residence of Larz Anderson, Esq. Colonel Anderson advanced to the curbstone and was greeted by a presentarms and a salute from the officers, with a remark from Colonel Crittenden that the salute was a compliment from the Sixth Regiment of Indiana Volunteers. Colonel Anderson replied, T thank you, gentlemen; God bless and protect you.' The column then wheeled into line, and as the troops marched by the hero of Sumter, they rent the air with enthusiastic cheering."

On the 2nd of June, the regiment arrived at Webster, Virginia, and was marched, with other troops, the same night through a drenching rain a distance of fourteen miles, and on the morning of the 3d of June took part in the first battle of the war at Philippi.

It participated in the march to Laurel Hill and the engagement with Gamett's rebel command at Carrick's Ford on the 12th of July. It returned to Indianapolis on the 25th of July and was finally discharged August 2, 1861.

Thirteenth Regiment

The Thirteenth Regiment, in which was Captain Kirkpatrick's company, left Indianapolis on the 4th of July, 1861, and on the morning of the loth joined McQellan's forces at the foot of Rich mountain, in western Virginia, where, on the following da3^ it participated in battle. In this battle William Riffle was killed - Howard county's first martyr for the preservation of the Union.

From this time on the Thirteenth was in active campaign work for the entire three years. It took part in the numerous skirmishes at Cheat mountain pass, and on the 12th and 13th of September, 1861, in the engagements on Cheat mountain summit and Elkwater supported Howe's Battery, Fourth United States Artillery. At Greenbrier, on the 3d of October, and during the remainder of October, it was engaged in scouting expeditions along the Holly and Kanawha rivers. After this it marched to Alleghany under General Milroy and participated in the battle there on the 13th of December. It wintered at Green Spring Run. General Shields took command of the division in the spring and under him the regi- ment moved to Winchester and then scouted up the valley to Strasburg-, returning to Winchester. It participated in the battle of Winchester Heights, March 22, 1862. Two or three months were now employed in marching up and down the valley, giving chase to the rebels, and in the latter part of June the regiment embarked at Alexandria for Harrison's Landing, on the James river, where it arrived July 2d. In August it marched to Fortress Monroe and thence to the Nansemond river, where it remained nine months, engaging in numerous operations in that region of countn'. making three reconnoissances to Black river, fighting the battle of the Deserted Farm on the 30th of January, 1863, defeating Longstreet in his attempt to seize Suffolk from April loth to May 3, 1863, and in tearing up and bringing off about forty miles of track from two railroads from the 13th to the 19th of May. In these operations the regiment marched over 400 miles. On the 27th of June the regiment left Suffolk. It participated in the operations on Morris Island during the siege of Forts Wagner and Gregg, and was the first regiment to enter Wagner in the assault on the 7th of September.

The Thirteenth participated in nearly all the operations of General Butler's army south of Richmond and was conspicuous in the engagement at Wathal Junction, Chester Station, and the charge on the rifle pits near Foster's farm, in all of which the loss Avas about two hundred. It joined the Anny of the Potomac in June, 1864, marching with the army to Cold Harbor, where, there being no field officers present for duty. Captain Kirkpatrick assumed command. The regiment was actively engaged in the battle at that place and in all the operations in the vicinty of the Chickahominy until June 12th, when it returned to Bermuda Hundred. On the 15th it crossed the Appomattox river and was engaged in the assaults on the rebel works in front of Petersburg.

On the 1 8th Captain Kirkpatrick's company, having served the full time of its enlistment, was ordered from the skirmish line, and on the 19th left for Indianapolis, arriving on the 24th of June. They were mustered out of the service July i, 1864.

Militia Companies

In May, 1861, the boys of Kokomo from twelve to eighteen years of age, catching the military spirit that pervaded the country, organized a company under the name of the Wild Cat Rangers. The Tribune said : "We learn that the officers have reported their company to the governor, have purchased a part of their musical instruments, made arrangements for caps, etc., and will begin to drill regularly at an early day."

"Indianapolis, Indiana, June 13, 1861. "The Union Tigers, a volunteer militia company, organized at Kokomo, in Howard county, Indiana, under the military laws of said state, having complied with the requirements of said laws, are hereby authorized and ordered to elect officers at their armory in Kokomo, on Tuesday evening, the i8th day of June, 1861 ; and John Bohan, Thomas Jay and J. F. Henderson are hereby appointed to recei\-e and count ballots cast at said election (in presence of

The Union Tigers

Mr. T. C. Philips was delegated authority by the adjutantgeneral to preside at the meeting of the Union Tigers, and the election resulted as follows : James Bailey, captain ; James A. Wildman, first lieutenant; William S. Snow, second lieutenant.

At various times after this other companies were formed in all or nearly all the townships, and were known as Union Wild Cat Rifles, The Union Legion, Harrison Guards, Howard Guards, Fairfield Guards, Wild Cat Rangers, Cassville Guards, Honey Creek Legion, Liberty Guards, Noble Guards, Ervin Guards and Wild Cat Rifles. The field officers and staff of this legion were: John M. Garrett, colonel (afterwards entered U. S. service) : N. P. Richmond, colonel : James A. Wildman, lieutenant-colonel ; Charles E. Disbro, major; Samuel W. Thornton, adjutant; Morgan A. Chestnut, quartermaster; Reuben King, surgeon; John W. Cooper, judgeadvocate; Thomas Lythe, paymaster.

The Thirty-Fourth Regiment

In the latter part of August, 1861, Dr. Jacob S. White, who had succeeded in raising a company in this county, left for Anderson, where a regiment for this Congressional district was forming under Colonel Asbury Steele.

The Tribune said of the departure of this company : "A very large multitude assembled at the C. & C. depot last Wednesday to see the boys of Dr. White's company off to camp at Anderson.

Gen. Thomas J. Harrison

Some of the partings brought tears to the eyes of many. The grief of some was manifested in loud cries, but the deepest feeling" was quieter. Husbands left their wives and babes with emotions that cannot be described. One gentleman, Mr. Clarke, of Ervin, got married on Sunday evening, on Monday volunteered and left on Wednesday. One wagon with six horses came in from western Howard loaded with young ladies and other decorations. Banners floated and music of the best kind was furnished. The little cannon was out and after fifty or sixty thundering- discharges it burst. Squire Norman was touched on the leg, but was not hurt. No injury was received by any one, but how the people escaped we cannot tell."

The Thirty-Fourth At Vicksbueg

This, the Thirty-fourth Regiment, participated in the siege of Vicksburg, the battle of Port Gibson, Champion Hills, the siege of Jackson and many encounters. As in the Sixth Regiment, Howard county boys had the honor of participating in the first battle of the war, so Howard county boys in the Thirty-fourth, more than two thousand miles from Philippi, engaged in the last battle at Palmetto Ranche, on the 13th of May, 1865.

This battle was fought partly on the old Palo Alto battleground, where General Taylor first encountered the Mexicans on the 8th of May, 1846. It is quite a coincidence that the first battle of the Mexican war and the last battle of the great rebellion were fought on the same ground, and that the respective anniversary da}s were but five days apart.

The work of organizing a company of one hundred and one men for an independent regiment of sharpshooters, authorized by the War Department, began about tlie time of the departure of Dr. \Miite's cumpany.

This company filled up rapidly and in a few da}"s se\-enty names were down for still another company. Prior to leaving, the company organized by electing the same officers that had served in the first company organized here, to-wit; T. J. Harrison, captain; Thomas Herring, first lieutenant, and W. R. Philips, second lieutenant. The company left on August 28, 1861, for Indianapolis. In the regimental organization. Captain Harrison was made colonel, John Bohan, quartermaster, and Dr. L. D. ^^'aterman, surgeon. After Captain Harrison's promotion. Herring and Philips were promoted by the unanimous consent of the compan}-. Stephen D. Butler was elected second lieutenant.

This regiment left for Kentuck}- earh- in September. It marched with Buell to Nashville, then to the Tennessee river, and was in the battle of Shiloh on the 7th nf .\pril, 1862, where Lieutenant W. R. Philips, who had been associated with his brother, T. C. Philips, in editing the Tribune, was killed.

The regiment took part in the battles of Stone River, December 31, 1862. and January i and 2, 1863. Through the remainder of the campaign of 1863 it seiwed as mounted infantry. On June 6, 1863, it had a sharp fight with Wheeler's cavalry near Alurfreesboro, took part in the skirmishes at Middleton and Liberty Gap, and during the movement upon Chattanooga engaged the enemy at ^^'inchester.

On the loth and 20th of September it partici])ated in the battle of Chickamauga, and on the 15th of October, 1863, was reorganized as the Eighth Cavalry.

The regiment re-enlisted as a veteran organization on the 22d of Februar}-, 1864. It participated in the McCook raid around Atlanta and the Kilpatrick raid in Georgia, and at the battle of Lovejoy Station led the charge of the left wing, riding over Ross" division of rebel cavalry, capturing his artillery and four battle flags. It was in the battle of Jonesboro and Flint river and in the campaign through Georgia was in the following battles and skirmishes: Waynesboro, Buckhead Church, Brown's Cross Roads, Reynold's Farm, Aiken, Bentonville, Averasboro and Raleigh. It whipped Hampton's entire force at ;\Iorris\-ille and thus had the honor of fighting the last battle in North Carolina.

The regiment was nuistered out of ser\'ice on the 20th of July. [865, reached Indianapolis the last week of July and was finally discharged early in August.

This regiment had in all two thousand i\ve hundred men on its rolls, and had nine officers killed in battle. It lost about three hundred in prisoners, and captured frc)m the enemy over fifteen hundred men, one thousand stand of arms, three i-ailroad trains, fourteen hundred horses and mules, many wagons, fourteen pieces of artillery, four battle flags, besides destroying many miles of railroad.

In 1 861 the county commissioners appropriated se\'en Inmdred fifty dollars out of the county funds for the relief of the families of those who had volunteered.

the boys \vho were far away in open tents and who would soon be exposed to the rude blasts of winter. :\Iany a "God bless the noble women of Howard" went up to Iieaven that winter and each succeeding winter till the war was over from Howard county boys in every Southern state.

Fifty-Seventh Regiment

The company that was forming at the time Captain Harrison's company departed organized by electing Willis Blanch, captain; Timothy H. Leeds, first lieutenant, and John L. Hall, second lieutenant. Another company was also partly organized in this county, with William K. Hoback, captain ; Joel H. Hoback, first lieutenant, and Lewis S. Horn, second lieutenant. These companies proceeded to Richmond in November, 1861, where they were organized as Companies G and H respectively of the Fifty-seventh Regiment.

On the loth of December the regiment moved to Indianapolis, where it remained to December 23d, when it took its departure for Kentucky, where it spent the winter without engaging in battle. The regiment marched to Nashville, Tennessee, arriving there early in March. It started for Pittsburg Landing on the 21st of March, and was in hearing of the battle of Shiloh on the 6th of April, but did not arrive till the afternoon of the 7th, when it immediately engaged in battle. During the siege of Corinth the regiment was actively employed.

After this it marched into northern Alabama and in July, 1862, to middle Tennessee, where it remained till September, making many arduous marches and undergoing great hardships. It took an active part in the campaign against Bragg, engaging in the battle of Pern-ville, Kentucky, with only slight loss. After this it went to Nashville, December i, 1862. "

Col. Willis Blanche Of Howard Couxtv

At the battle of Stone river tlie Fift}--seventh suffered severely, losing seventy-tive men out of three hundred and fifty engaged. Here the regiment greatly distinguished itself. During the remainder of the winter and spring of 1863 it remained in camp near Murfreesboro, drilling constantly and doing severe picket duty. It took part in the eleven days' scout of JNIajor-General Reynolds, and in the battle of ^lissionary Ridge it bore a conspicuous- part.

The campaign in east Tennessee during the winter of 1863 and 1864 was probably unequaled during the whole war for hardship and privation. Of these the Fifty-seventh suffered a full share.

On the 1st of January, 1864, the regiment almost unanimously re-enlisted as a veteran organization. It took part in the initial operations of the campaign against Atlanta, and during the summer was almost constantly engaged in battle or in skirmishing. It was in the assault on Rocky Face Ridge, near Dalton, Georgia, Maj' 9th; at Resaca, and in the action near Adairsville it took an active part. On iNIay 27th it lost severely in the battle near New Hope Cluu-ch, on the Altoona mountains. It was under fire every day from this time until June 3d, losing many men.

In the terrible struggles and skirmishes around Kenesaw it bore a full part. On the 27th of June the regiment, then commanded by Colonel \\'illis Blanch, formed the skirmish line in front of the assaulting column of the Fourth Corps. Its loss was heavy. It participated in the battle of Peach Tree Creek. July 20th, and from this time until the 25tb of August lay in the trenches in front of Atlanta. The regiment was slightly engaged in the battle of Jone-sboro, August 31st. After the occupation of Atlanta the Fiftyse\-enth was sent to Chattanooga. It helped to drive Hood into

Alabama, and afterward fonned a part of the army of General Thomas, which resisted the invasion of Tennessee. It was engaged at FrankHn, November 30, 1864, where it sustained severe loss. On the 15th and i6th of December it participated in the battle (jt Xashville. where Colonel Blanche was wounded.

After the pursuit of Hood's army, the regiment lay in camp at Huntsville, Alabama, some months, moving into east Tennessee as far as Bull's Gap in April, 1865. It then went to Nashville and was transferred to Texas, where it remained until mustered out of the service. The Fifty-seventh saw much arduous service, its losses in battle were heavy, and its marches severe, but it behaved with great gallantly on every occasion and achieved an en\"iable record and an honorable fame. In its commanding officers it was particularly fortunate, one of whom. Colonel Blanche, of this county, being a soldier of distinguished merit.

Relief Sent To Siiiloh

\\"hen the news reached our citizens of the great battle of Shiloh, a meeting was hastily called and a surgeon was immediately sent to the sufterers, together with money, lint and bandages and whatever was thought would aid in their relief. This movement was connected with an authorized organization at Indianapolis, and it was a noble wijrk at the right time.

Seventy-Fifth Regiment

In July, 1862, another company was organized here, which elected Francis 'SI. Bryant, captain : James C. Metsker. first lieutenant, and Iiwin Poison, second lieutenant. It was mustered into service as Company C of the Seventy-fifth Regiment, at \\"abash.

on the 19th of August, 1862. This regiment proceeded to Kentucky, where it took an active part in the campaign, marching to Scottsville and Gallatin and then back to Cave City in pursuit of Morgan's forces. The winter was passed mostly in camp at Gallatin, and in January tliQ regiment moved to Murfreesboro, where it remained till June 24, 1863, when it started toward Tullahoma, and on the march engaged in the battle at Hoover's Gap. It was the first regiment to enter the rebel works at Tullahoma, about the 1st of July. It participated in the battle of Chickamauga on the 19th and 20th of September.

It then returned to Chattanooga, engaging in the battle of ^lissionary Ridge on the 25th of November. The Seventy-fifth passed the winter. of 18^13-64 in the \-icinity of Chattanooga, and in the spring of 1864 mo\-ed to Ring-gold, Georgia. Dttring the Atlanta campaign it was actively engaged, participating in the battles of Dalton, Resaca. Adairsville, Dallas, Kenesaw mountain, Ptach Tree creek and Jonesboro. In October it marched in the campaign against Hood and returned to Atlanta in time to start with Sherman's army on the i6th of November in its famous march to the sea, reaching Savannah in December. In Jaiuiary, 1865, it marched through the Carolinas to Gcldsborci. in Xorth Carolina, and participated in the battles of Bentonville and Fa\etteville. .\tter the ^urrender of Johnston's army, it marched to Richmond. \'irginia, and thence to Washington, D. C, where, on the 8tb of June, 1865, it was mustered out of service.

Eighty-Ninth Regiment Ids Morrow S History

B. F. Haven, first lieutenant, and John T. Stewart, second lieutenant. The second : John E. Williams, captain ; G. Markland, first lieutenant; William Styer, second lieutenant. The third: B. W. Gifford, captain; William A. Hunt, first lieutenant; William T. Hutchinson, second lieutenant.

These companies were rendezvoused at Wabash and were organized, with other companies, into the Eighty-ninth Regiment, at Indianapolis, August 28, 1862. The companies were called F, D and G, respectively.

In the organization of the regiment, Charles D. ]\Iurray was made colonel and J. F. Henderson surgeon, both of Kokomo. In the October following, Harless Ashley, also of Kokomo. was appointed quartermaster.

Proceeding to Kentucky the regiment reinforced the garrison at Munfordsville. After a long fight and stubborn resistance it was compelled to surrender to superior numbers on the i6th of September.

The officers and men were paroled, and, after a furlough to their homes, the regiment reassembled at Indianapolis on the 27th of October. The order for their exchange being received, the regiment, on the 5th of December, proceeded to Memphis, and on the 2 1st of December was placed on duty at Fort Pickering, where it remained until the 18th of October, 1863. It was then transferred to the city of Memphis, where it was engaged on picket duty until the 26th of January, 1864, when it left on transports for Vicksburg, reaching there on the 31st of January. From this point it moved on to the Meridian raid, skirmishing with the enemy at Queen's Hill and at IMeridian. where it arrived on the 14th of February.

After tearing up the Mobile & Ohio Railroad track it proceeded to [Marion, camped a few days and returned by way of Canton tn A'icksburg, reaching there on the 4th of March.

Col. C. D. Murray

The Eighty-nintli left Vicksburg on the loth of Alarch for the mouth of the Red river, reaching- Semmesport on the 12th, and on the next day assisted in assauUing the fort, which was captured on the 14th. It moved from there to Alexandria, thence to Henderson's Hill, and there captured two hundred and seventy rebels and four pieces of artillery. The Eighty-ninth bore a conspicuous part in the battle of Pleasant Hill on the 9th of April, 1864.

On the 7th of May the regiment met the enemy at Bayou La ]Moiu"ie, and after a sharp engagement charged and repulsed him. Resuming march toward the Mississippi, the regiment repulsed the enemy near Marksville, in a slight engagement, and on the i8th, a1 Smith and Nonvood's plantation, had a severe contest and repulsed the enemy with great slaughter.

On the 19th the reg'iment embarked for "V^icksburg, arriving nn the 24th of May. It remained here until June 4th, when it embarked for Memphis, leaving this point for Colliersville. . It now escorted a wagon train to Moscow and then moved to Lagrange, Tennessee. Here it remained till the 5th of July and marched to Pontock, Mississippi, arriving there on the nth. ]\Ioving from here it engaged in the battle of Tupelo on the 14th of Jul}-. The regiment then returned to Memphis, where it remained till September, except a short expedition into Northern Mississippi in pursuit of Forest, made in August. On the 19th of September the regiment landed at Jefiferson Barracks, Missouri, and on the 2d day of October started in pursuit of the rebel General Price.

In this expedition the regiment marclied seven hundred and fifty miles and was in no engagement, but had the misfortune to lose Quartermaster A.shley, who, with two other officers, stopped to take dinner at a country house. Falling behind the column a short distance, they were captured by guerillas and murdered almost immediately after near the village of Greenton, Missouri.

Ijo Morrow S History

Tliis long march ended at St. Louis, where the regiment remained till the latter part of No\-ember and then took steamer to Nashville, where it arrived on the 30th, and on the 15th and i6th of the following month took part in the battle near that place. On the 17th. starting in pursuit of Hood's army, it marched to the Tennessee river, and on January i, 1865, was transported to Eastport, Mississippi. Here it remained till February 9th, when it proceeded by steamer to Vicksburg and thence to New Orleans, arriving there on the 21st of February. From there it moved on transports to Dauphin Island, near Mobile, on the 8th of [March, and on the 19th up Mobile bay by steamer to the mouth of Fish river, and thence to Doris Mills, where it remained till March 25th.

The regiment now went to ]\Iontgomer}-. Alabama, thence to Prin-idence and then tiiok transports to ]\Iobile, where it was mustered out of service on the 19th of July, 1865. During its' term of service the Eighty-ninth marched two thousand, three hundred and sixty-three miles on foot, traveled l)y steamer seven thousand, one hundred and twelve miles and by rail one thousand, two hundred and thirty-two miles, making total distance traveled ten thousand, se\-en hundred and seven miles.

Comp.Xxv E, Eleventh Cavalry

The officers were: John M. Garrett, captain: William H. Sumption, first lieutenant, and Jesse .\. Gate, second lieutenant. This compau}' became Gompany E of the Elexenth Gavalry, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment, which perfected its organi-

On the first day of May tlie regiment left Indianapolis and nii.ved liy rail to Xash\-ille, Tennessee. It arrived cm the 7th of May and remained until the ist of June, when it marched to Larkinsville, Alabama, and was placed on duty along the line of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. The regiment was kept on this duty until the 16th of October, when it marched back to Nashville, where it was mounted and sent to the front. It was actively engaged in the campaign in front of Nashville in November and December, and after the defeat of Hood's forces pursued him as far as Gravelly Springs. Alabama. It was then dismounted and placed on duty until I-'ebruary 7, 1865, when it crossed the Tennessee ri\'er to Eastport. Mississippi, and remained there until the 12th of May. In obedience' Im orders the regiment embarked on a steamer for St. Louis, arii\ing M;i_\' 17th. After being' remounted it marched to Rolla, Missouri, and from there to Fort Riley. Kansas, where it was engaged in guarding the Santa Fe route across the plains with headc|uarters at Cottonwood Crossing. From this place it marched to Fort Leavenworth, arriving September nth.

On the 19th of September the regiment was mustered out of ser\ice in compliance with telegraphic orders received from the general commanding the Department of Missouri. It arrived at Indianapolis on the 26th of September, partook of a sumptuous dinner and was publicly welcomed at the State House. The regiment was then marched to Camp Carrington, paid off and discharged.

One Hundred And Thirtieth Regiment

During the winter of 1863-4 the One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment was recruited from the Eleventh district with headquarters at Camp Stilwell. This camp was located on the beautiful grounds just east of the C. and C. railroad and south of the residence of Milton Garrigus. T. X. Stilwell, of Anderson, was appointed commander of the post. Company A of this regiment was composed wholly of Howard county volunteers, who elected Elijah ^^'. Penny captain. John B. Littler, first lieutenant, and William S. Birt second lieutenant.