Posey County, Indiana - Biographical sketches, 1913 (part 5 of 7)

A. C. Thomas, New Harmony. Perhaps no other man in Posey county is more entitled to the substantial success that he has made of his efforts and opportunities than the gentleman whose name introduces this sketch. His early advantages for an education were limited to what was known as the Bayou school in Bethel township, Posey county, but he continued to be a student of books as well as of men and affairs, so far, throughout a career of advancement and accomplishment. He is a native son of Posey county, born in Bethel township. November 28, 1857. His parents were Shelby H. and Sarah (Williams) Thomas. The father was a native of Kentucky and the mother of Indiana. The Thomas family consisted of three brothers, and one sister who died in childhood. A. C. remained at home and worked on the farm until he reached majority, when he went to Kansas to join a brother, who had preceded him a short time. He located in Cloud county, between the towns of Minneapolis and Concordia. This section of Kansas was well on the frontier in those early days. He bought land and remained there two years, during 1879 and 1880. These two years of pioneer life on the great plains of the West gave the young man an insight into the development of the country, which, no doubt, was a valuable asset to his business career. In 1880 he returned to Posey county and engaged in farming until 1885. About this time the Corbin Milling Company was organized. Mr. Thomas took stock and became secretary and treasurer of the company. He later took more stock, and in 1906 became the active manager of the company. His management of this extensive milling and grain business was characterized with the same energy and keen business insight typical of the man. In 1913 he retired as the active business head of this institution in order that he might be able to devote more attention to his other investments and extensive real estate holdings. Mr. Thomas was united in marriage October 16. 1881, to Miss Ella C. Bailey, a refined daughter of William and Elizabeth Bailey, prominent pioneers of Posey count}'. To Mr. and Mrs. Thomas have been born four children: Clauda B., who died in childhood; William H., a resident of Los Angeles, Cal. ; Jessie M., who married Robert Ribeyre, of New Harmony ; and Helen C, a student at a yoimg ladies' school at Oxford, Ohio. Mr. Thomas is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, a director of the New Harmony Banking Compan}', and has been a member of the W'orking Men's Institute twenty years. He has been a Democrat all his life, casting his first Presidential vote for Cleveland in 1884. and the last one to date for Wilson. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas have one of the finest residences in Posey county and their genial hospitality is highly prized and much appreciated by their many friends.

M. B. Pote, postmaster of New Harmony, is a native son of Posey county, born in New Harmony July 28, 1844. He is a son of Thomas and Maria Pote, both natives of England, and early settlers in Posey county, and spent the latter part of their lives in New Harmony. The subject of this review spent his boyhood days in New Harmony, where he attended the public schools during the winter terms. He was just growing into manhood when the Civil war came on, and July 28, 1862, which was his eighteenth birthday, he enlisted in Company A, Ninety-first Indiana infantry. He was in Sherman's march, including the campaign in pursuit of Hood, then back to Clifton, Tenn. Then, they were ordered to Cincinnati, and from there to Washington, then to Wilmington, Cape Fear, Raleigh, and he was mustered out at Salisbury, N. C., July 7, 1865, which gave him an active and honorable military career of three years, lacking twenty days. He served as orderly on General McClain's staff for a time. At the close of the war Mr. Pote returned to New Harmony and was engaged in farming until July i, 1897, when he was appointed postmaster of New Harmony, having served in that capacity to the present time. Mr. Pote has given general satisfaction in the conduct of the office. He was united in marriage. May 6, 1866, to Miss Mary, daughter of Luther Schnee, a Posey county pioneer. To Mr. and Mrs. Pote have been born five children: Carrie married J. W. Bailey, New Harmony; Anna resides at home; Ray married F. J. Hortsman, Chicago; Sara married Alva J. Ragon, Evansville ; and Geraldine is a teacher of art and music in the New Harmony public schools. Mr. Pote has a fine farm of 160 acres just east of town. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Episcopal church, and is a Republican.

William Oliphant Wilson, who has so capably and acceptably filled the position of superintendent of schools for Posey county, occupies a notable position among the educators of Indiana. He was born on his father's farm in Center township, Posey county, on September 22, 1878, a son of Lewis M. and Missouri (Record) Wilson. John S. L. Wilson, grandfather of the subject of this review, was the founder of this branch of the family in Indiana. He was a native of Butler county, Pennsylvania, and came to Posey cotmty previous to 1820. It is probable that the Wilson family have had a more important part in connection with the development of Lynn township than has any other. They were among its first settlers, accumulated extensive land holdings, were active in practically every movement which concerned the progress of the community, and were, without exception, men of influence. Lewis M. Wilson, the father of Superintendent Wilson, was born in Lynn township. His early life was spent on the farm of his father. After acquiring his education he was for some few years a teacher, but later returned to farming. He was a Democrat, but political office never appealed to him, although he served for several years as a justice of the peace. He married Missouri Record, who died in 1888. Mr. Wilson died in 189s- They are survived by the following children: Clara E., the wife of Rev. \\'illiam L. Rhein.'of Francisco, 111.; William O., the subject of this sketch; Nina D., the wife of E. Benson Oliphant, a salesman in the employ of the Vincennes Bridge Company, who resides at Fort Branch, Ind. ; Lewis O., a well known educator of Tulsa, Okla. ; and Ethel M., the wife of Charles Fox, a farmer of Center township, Posey county, Indiana. Two children are deceased, viz.: John, who died in infancy; and Ernest Cleveland, born in 1887, a graduate of the Mt. Vernon High School, who completed a two-years course in the School of Mines at Rolla, Mo., and who died at Bisbee, Ariz., on September 29, 191 1. In 1884 Mr. Wilson removed to a farm near Carmi, 111., his place of residence at the time of his death. Here also occurred the death of his first wife and his marriage, in 1889, to his second, who was Miss Anna Donoghue. One child, a daughter, was born of this union. She died aged three. William Oliphant Wilson was graduated from the high school at Mt. Vernon with the class of 1899. He initiated his career as an educator in the fall of that year as a teacher in the Mt. Vernon schools. From 1901 until the close of the spring term in 1904, he was principal of the Wadesville, Ind., schools. During the summer months of the years in which he was employed in teaching he was a student, completing a one-term course in the State Normal School at Terre Haute in 1900, a similar course in the State University at Bloomington in 1901-02-03 and returned to the latter institution in the fall of 1904. In August, 1905, he was elected superintendent of schools for Posey county for the unexpired term of Charles A. Greathouse, who had resigned. He was elected to succeed himself in 1907 and in 191 1. During the eight years in which Professor Wilson has been at the head of Posey county schools, he has proven the possession of administrative ability of a high order, has initiated reforms which have greatly benefited the pupils of the county, and has been a consistent advocate of system in all departments of school work. He has brought about uniformity in length of school term in all district schools, uniform reports, and has developed interest among the pupils as regards the Young People's Reading Circle, which has resulted in an increase in the number of books read of about 700 volumes. There is not a school in the county which does not possess a good library, well selected and of wide range, and numbering 200 or more volumes. His administration has been marked by the harmony which has prevailed between superintendent and teachers. Agriculture was included among the studies for students of the seventh and eighth grades in 1912, anticipating by one year its introduction by law. Domestic science was introduced in the country schools in 1913. and although entailing an expense of $2 per student.

it is proving generally popular and can not help but be beneficial to ihe pupil. Mr. Wilson is a member of the National Educational Association, the Indiana State Teachers' Association, the Southern Indiana Teachers' Association and the Southwestern Indiana Teachers' Association, and of the last named was one of its most active organizers and has served as secretary of the organization. He has attained to the Council degrees in Masonry, is a member of the Mt. Vernon Lodge, No. 277, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Court of Honor, and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows - a charter member of Wadesville Lodge. He is an influential factor in the political life of his county, is a Democrat and chairman of the county central committee of his party and treasurer of the Mt. Vernon city committee. Mr. Wilson married on June 29, 1910, Miss Harriet Brinkman, a daughter of Henry Brinkman, of Mt. Vernon, personal mention of whom is to be found elsewhere in this work. Mrs. Wilson is a graduate of the Chicago Musical School and popular in the social circles of Mt. Vernon, in which she is a leader.

Peter W. Roche, editor and publisher of the Mt. Vernon "Democrat," was born October 14, 1867, in the city of Evansville. His father was John D. Roche, who served as city treasurer of Evansville one term. His grandfather, Peter W. Roche, was a pioneer who settled in Point township and was a large land owner. He was a resident of Ireland and came to America in his early days, after one of the numerous insurrections in that country. He was educated for a Catholic priest and taught school after coming here. He died in 1844. Dr. Moses Wining was tlie maternal grandfather of Mr. Roche. He died in 1875. He was born in 1790 and came to this section in the '20s. He was one of the earliest doctors in Posey county and blazed the trail to make many calls in his practice. Peter Roche has been in charge of the "Democrat" since September, 1907, when he purchased his brother's interest in the paper. April 15, 1891, he was married to Miss Letitia Pugh at Paducah, Ky., a daughter of Captain Phineas Pugh, one of the noted river men of the war times. He was pilot of many boats that transported soldiers during the war. Mr. Roche has served as Democratic county chairman and been on the Posey county executive committee for twenty years. He served three years as a member of the Mt. Vernon school board, two years being president of that body. At the session of the Indiana State Senate in 1913 he served as chief clerk of the engraving department, a very responsible position.

Dr. Carl Flucks, of Armstrong, Ind., one of the best known men in his section of the State, was born in Patchkau Schlesien. Germany, December II, 1847. ^o" off Carl and Anna Ertelt Flucks, both born and reared in that place, where the father was a veterinary surgeon. The grandfather of Dr. Flucks, who was sheriff of the State of Prussia, sold the property and rights back to the State. The father of our sub- ject was born in the prison where the grandfather was sheriff. Carl Flucks attended at the Perfectorat School of Patchkau and later Neisse in Breslau Neurachi Clinic, after which he was in the sanitary service in the Austrian war and later in the Franco-Prussian war in 1870 and 1871. After the latter war Dr. Flucks came to America, locating in Terre Haute, Ind., where he practiced medicine. Here he married Miss Mary McHenry, daughter of George (of Scotch parentage) and Hannah Mc- Henry (a native of Ireland). Mrs. Flucks was born in Terre Haute. Dr. Flucks practiced there one year and then came to St. Wendell, where he has practiced continuously since 1872, except for a short period when he was in Arkansas. In point of service he is the oldest physician in the county. He keeps abreast of the times, being a reader of all the modern journals dealing with his profession, and belongs to the American, State and county medical associations. In 1887 Dr. Flucks went from St. Wendell to Conway county, Arkansas, for his health. Here he had a drug store and also engaged in the gin business and had other interests which were profitable. In 1892 he was elected to the legislature of Arkansas, where he was a member of the medical committee and of the immigration committee. He introduced the first sanitary bill ever drawn in the State, besides fathering several other bills that became laws. Dr. Flucks also bought several hundred acres of land near the town of Moralton, Ark., the county seat of Conway county, and remained in that place until 1897, when he returned to Posey county, taking up his practice at St. Wendell. He made many friends on his sojourn in Arkansas, among whom are Governor Clark, the present United States senator. Jefferson Davis, Congressman Reed, of the Fifth District, and Captain Carroll Armstrong, of Moralton. He was at one time postmaster of Oppelo. Ark. Since his return he has been exclusively engaged in the practice of his profession, but does only office practice. Dr. Flucks had three brothers : one in Germany, one in St. Louis, and Emmett Flucks, now deceased, for several years a veterinary surgeon of St. Wendell. Dr. Flucks was married May 21, 1873, and had twelve children, seven of whom are living: Annie, born February 26, 1876, married Fred Sheller, lives in Washington, Mo., and has five children, Carl. Harold, William, Mary Alice and Helen Marie; Martha, born January 29, 1880, married William Hildebrand, lives at Moberly, Mo., where Mr. Hildebrand is foreman in the Brown shoe factory, had two children, Hubert and Margaret (deceased) ; Carl Joseph, born August 20, 1884, married Bessie Kabe (now deceased), by whom he had one child, married as his second wife Miss Florence Sneyd, of Terre Haute, has four children, Melvin, Carl Jay, William and John Silas; John J., corporal of the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh company at Ft. Crockett, Galveston, Texas, where he is serving his second enlistment, his first being in the Fortj^-fifth company coast artillery at Fort Du Pont,

Del., where he was first gunner; Theoderic, born July 29, 1896, at home with parents; Albertine, born August 18, 1899, Hving with parents, and Paul, born September 26, 1904, now attending school at St. Wendell. Dr. Flucks is prominent in the councils of the Democratic party in this section of the State, especially in his own county. He is a member of the Catholic church and of the Woodmen of the World.

General Alvin Peterson Hovey. - A pioneer family in any community is of more or less historic interest, no matter if its tenure of residence be of long or short duration. But when a family is not only among the first to settle in a community, but also continues to reside in it for decade after decade and generation after generation, and certain of its rrtembers at all times are leaders in every movement intended to conserve the community's welfare and promote its progress, then that family becomes of special historic interest and prominence. One of the most prominent families of southern Indiana, and, indeed, of the whole State, is the Hovey family of Mt. Vernon, established there in 1818 by Abiel Hovey, a native of Vermont and son of Rev. Samuel and Abigail (Cleveland) Hovey. Abiel Hovey married in 1802 Frances Peterson, born in Vermont on May 20, 1780. He brought his family to Posey county in 1818, then in a formative condition, and engaged in farming. He possessed energy, thrift characteristic of the native of New England, his home training had imbued him with high ideals, which, together with his desire to attain a competence in his new home, soon caused him to become one of the influential men of the county. His death occurred on July 17, 1823, after a residence of five years in Posey county. That of his wife, on September 6, 1836. Alvin Peterson Hovey, the youngest child of Abiel and Frances (Peterson) Hovey, was born in Mt. Vernon on September 6, 1821. He acquired his education in the schools of his native town, was variously employed, while a boy, part of the time as a mason, and while in the latter occupation studied law of evenings in the office of Judge John Pitcher. He was admitted to the bar in 1843. In 1849 he was elected delegate to the Indiana constitutional convention. He served as judge of the circuit court of Southwestern Indiana, composed of eleven counties, from 1851 to 1854. He was elevated to the bench of the Supreme Court of Indiana in 1854 and served for one year, being the youngest member in the history of that body. He was appointed by President Pierce in 1856 United States attorney for the district of Indiana. When the division in the Democratic party occurred, with President Buchanan and Stephen A. Douglas as leaders of the two factions, Mr. Hovey became a partisan of the latter and his activities in his behalf were so fruitful that Buchanan removed him from office, appointing Daniel W. Voorhees to succeed him. On the first call of President Lincoln for volunteers. Judge Hovey began the organization of a company and in a short time the First regi- ment of Indiana legion, of which he was commissioned colonel, was ready for the field. Later he became colonel of the Twenty-fourth Indiana, which joined Tremont's army in Missouri. He was with General Grant in the Vicksburg campaign and was made brigadier-general for gallant conduct at Shiloh. In the battle of Champion's Hill, Miss., May i6, 1863, Hovey's brigade suffered one-third of the entire loss of the Federal forces. He commanded the Twelfth division of the Thirteenth army corps in this engagement. General Grant, in his memoirs, gives special credit to Hovey for his part in the battle. In July, 1864, he was appointed major-general and ordered by General Grant to raise 10,000 men. Only those unmarried were invited to enlist and when the quota was made up it was found that many of the recruits were mere boys and on that account were afterward known as "Hovey's babies." However, there were no more effective troops in the march to the sea. In the latter part of 1864 Secretary of War Stanton appointed General Hovev military commander of Indiana, an office made necessary by a growing hostility in the State toward the national government. While serving in this' capacity General Hovey caused the arrest of a number of persons belonging to the so-called "Sons of Liberty," a treasonable organization, five of whom were convicted and sentenced to be hansfcd, their sentences being commuted to life imprisonment by Presiden^t Lincoln. In 1865, at the request of General Grant, he was appointed minister to Peru, serving in this capacity until 1870, when he returned to Mt. Vernon and resumed the practice of law. In 1872 he refused the nomination for governor as he did not wish to reenter politics. However, in 1886, he accepted the unanimous nomination as the Republican candidate for Congress from the first district and was elected by a majority of 1,357 o'^'^r McCullough, his Democratic opponent. In Congress he championed the cause of the Union veterans in the matter of pensions. In the Republican State convention of June, 1888, he was unanimously nominated for governor and in the election the following November received a majority of 2,000 over the Democratic candidate, C. C. Matson. While in the executive chair the legislature passed a measure making the State Board of Education a text-book commission and authorizing it to determine what text-books should be used in the schools. During the debate on this bill Governor Hovey urged that all text-books used in the public schools should be furnished by the State. The Australian ballot system was also adopted during his administration. At the annual encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, held in St. Louis in 1888, Governor Hovey was unanimously elected president of the service pension association of the United States and in December, 1889, he addressed an appeal "to the loyal people of the United States and their representatives in Congress," demanding on behalf of the manv surviving Union soldiers of the late war the passage of a service pension law. Governor Hovey married on November 24, 1844, Miss Mary James, a daughter of Col. E. R. James, a prominent citizen of southern Indiana. She was born at Baton Rouge, La., February 22, 1825, and died at Mt. Vernon, Ind., on November 6, 1863. They were the parents of five children, who are, in order of birth, as follows, viz. : Esther, born January 8, 1846, the wife of Major G. V. Menzies, of Mt. Vernon, personal mention of whom appears elsewhere in this volume; Enoch James, born February 7, 1848, died August 4, 1852 ; Charles James Hovey, a sketch of whom follows this article ; Mary, born January 18, 1854, died March 30, 1855 ; and Mary Anne, born April 17, 1857, died April 7, 1858. Governor Hovey was married a second time to Mrs. Rosa Valette Smith, the daughter of Caleb B. Smith, Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of President Lincoln. She died about six months after her marriage. Governor Hovey died in Indianapolis on November 23, 1891. The tributes of respect, and in many cases of affection called forth by the death of Alvin P. Hovey have seldom been equalled in the State in the passing away of a citizen. His own standard of life was high and it was apparent throughout his life while in the practice of his profession, during his service in defence of the Union, and in the positions of public trust which he so creditably filled. What may be termed his life work was finished ; it had met to a great extent the fullness of his ambition. But infinitely more precious and of personal consequence to him was the fact that he died rich in the possession of a well earned popularity, in the esteem which comes from honorable living, and in the affection that slowly develops only from unselfish works. In his professional and public life he was the embodiment of honor, as he was in his social and domestic life, the perfection of love and gentleness.

Charles James Hovey, former banker, and postmaster of the city of Mt. Vernon, Ind., was born in the old Hovey residence, now the property of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and used by them as their club house, on January 8, 1850, the son of General Alvin Peterson and Mary Ann (James) Hovey, a review of whom preceded this article. Charles J. Hovey acquired his education in the schools of the city of Evansville and at the Northwest Christian University at Indianapolis. In 1867 he visited his father, then minister of the United States to Peru, and made an extended tour of South America. He then visited Europe, remaining there three years and attended Polytechnical school at Carlsruher, Baden, Germany. He returned home in 1870 and purchased a one-fourth interest in the Mt. Vernon Banking Company, entering that institution as teller. In 1870 he engaged in the retail shoe business and continued in this line of commercial activity until 1876, when he journeyed to Europe, sailing via the Straits of Magellan, and remained abroad three years. He was obliged to pass through three armies in order to reach the city of Paris, as the Franco-Prussian war was in in progress. He was graduated in medicine and chemistry. On completion of his studies he returned to Mt. Vernon and engaged in farming. He served as justice of the peace for five years, was a railway mail clerk for one year and has twice been postmaster of Mt. Vernon, having served during the administrations of Presidents Arthur and Harrison. Mr. Hovey retired from active business in 1900. Charles J. Hovey married on March 6, 1871, Miss Lillie R. Jaques, a daughter of Jonathan and Parna (Whittlesey) Jaques, of Evansville. Mrs. Hovey died on June 5, 1912. They were the parents of five children : Dr. Alvin Jaques Hovey, a prominent dental surgeon of Mt. Vernon, who married Miss Anna Williams, the daughter of S. Jett W'illiams, a successful agriculturist and influential citizen of Posey county. Dr. and Mrs. Hovey are the parents of four children : Helen, Louise, Florence, Esther and Anna Jaques. Mabel, the second child, l)orn September. 1873, died August 26, 1876. Mary, born August 17, 1875, is the wife of Otto T. Brinkman, of Mt. Vernon. Randolph Jaques Hovey, born March 23, 1879, married Miss Ruth Nepper, a daughter of Thomas Nepper, St. Louis, Mo. Nina Hovey, the youngest child, was born June 23, 1881. She is the wife of Edwin M. Daniel, of Mt. Vernon, Ind.

Frank Deig, a prosperous farmer and land proprietor of Black township, Posey county, Indiana, was born in the same township where he now lives June 29, 1873, son of John S. Deig and Mary (Miller) Deig, the former a native of Germany who came to this country when quite small, and the latter a native of Posej' county. (See sketch of John A. Deig for history of the family.) Frank Deig was reared in l>lack township, attended common school, and two years of high school in Mt. Vernon. He then went to St. Mary's Institute in Dayton, Ohio, two years, from 1889 to 1891. After leaving college he secured a position as clerk with E. ?>. Schenk, later working for Alles P.ros. and for Stinson Bros. He left the latter concern to engage in farming and stock raising in Black township. This was about 1899 and he has remained on the farm ever since except for one year when he lived in Mt. Vernon with his mother. Mr. Deig has a very large farm containing 4043/ acres, on which there are two tenants. The crops are chiefly wheat, corn and clover. On May 28, 1901, occurred the marriage of Frank Deig to Mary A. Muth, daughter of Clements and Elizabeth (Niehhause) Muth, natives of Dubois county, Indiana, where the father engaged in farming and stock raising. Mrs. Deig was born in Spencer county, Indiana, in August 18, 1880. After finishing the common schools she came to Mt. Vernon, where she lived with E. B. Schenk and family. Mr. and Mrs. Deig became the parents of three children : John Stephen and Elizabeth J., both now attending school in Mt. Vernon, and Frank J., who is deceased. The family are members of the St. Matthew's Catholic Church of Mt. Vernon and Mr. Deig is a Democrat and belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, No. 277, of Mt. Vernon, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. Muth, parents of Mrs. Deig, are still living in Spencer county.

John F. Ehrhardt, a prominent farmer of Mt. Vernon, Ind., was born at St. Philip in the same State August 14, 1870, son of Jacob Ehrhardt (see sketch). He was reared at the place of his birth, where he was educated at the public and parochial schools. After leaving school he began farming at home for his mother, his father having died when he was quite young. At the age of twenty-two he started out in life for himself, first renting the place where he now lives, and after four years buying the property. He has a farm of eighty acres under cultivation and well improved. His specialty is wheat and he has been very successful with it. On April 23, 1893, Mr. Ehrhardt married Miss Carolina Appel, daughter of John and Louisa (Krittenstein) Appel. her father a native of Germany who came to this country when a small boy with his parents, who took government land. A part of this land is now in possession of George Ehrhardt, brother of our subject. Mrs. Ehrhardt was born in Marrs township and attended school at the Hartman school house. They have two children, John J., born January 29, 1894, and Edward G., born August 18, 1899. John J. is a graduate of the country schools, the Mt. Vernon High School, class of 1912, and of Draughan's Business College, Evansville, Ind., where he took bookkeeping and stenography. Edward G. is a graduate of the common schools. Mr. Ehrhardt is a member of the Christian Science church, in which he is a trustee, and is independent in politics. He is a stockholder in the St. Philip Telephone Company and in the Home Insurance Company.

John Oscar Dixon, a popular and influential citizen of Posey county and one of its most successful farmers, was born on the Dixon farm in Point township, Jtily 21, 1870, the son of John and Angeline (Welborn) Dixon. The founder of the family in Indiana was John Dixon, a native of Kentucky, who came to Posey county previous to the year 1820 and entered upon land in Point township. He was the great-grandfather of the subject of this article, who is descended from him as follows : John Dixon, Junior, the son of John, and his son, John Dixon, who married Angeline Welborn, and they were the parents of John Oscar Dixon. The family have been prominent in the affairs of Point township since its organization. In the first township election, held on May 30, 1835, John, David and James Dixon were among the registered voters. The members of the family were extensive land owners, which when purchased by them was virgin forest, and the township owes much to their pluck and energy in clearing the large acreage which they owned and in bringing their lands up to a high state of cultivation.

John Dixon, the father of our subject, was one of the successful men of his time, influential in the civil and religious life of his district, and well and favorably known throughout the county. He was a Republican and active in the work of that organization, but without inclination for public office. He was born in Point township on January 28, 1840, and died on April 7, 1888. His wife, who survives him, was the daughter of John Welborn, a native of North Carolina, and one of the successful farmers of Black township, of which he was a pioneer settler. They were the parents of one child, the subject of this sketch. John Oscar Dixon was reared on the Dixon farm in Point township and educated in its public schools. His father died when he was aged eighteen and his large farming interests were placed under the management of his widow. He was called upon to take the active management, under his mother's guidance, and his success in the working of the property was such as to persuade his mother to give him full charge upon reaching his majority. He is an untiring worker, progressive in his methods, and is recognized as one of the foremost agriculturists in the countj'. The Dixon farms comprise over 500 acres, are well improved and stocked. Mr. Dixon has always been found among the supporters of those measures which have had for their object the development and betterment of his township, while the schools have received from him liberal support. He has been an earnest advocate of better school buildings and an extended school term, and has served as school director for several years. He is a Republican in his political affiliations, but, like his father, has no inclination for public office. He is a member of the Masonic order, Mt. Vernon Lodge, No. 277, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Posey Aerie, Fraternal Order of Eagles, and Modern Woodmen of America. Mr. Dixon married on August 8, 1898, Miss l^Jary Elizabeth Winston, the daughter of Allen Winston, of Tennessee. They are the parents of three children: Douglas Dixon, born May 31, 1901 ; James Grover Dixon, born January 6, 1906; and Ola Elizabeth Dixon, born l\Iay 31, 1913.

Lannie Gilbert Morrow, manager of the Wadesville branch of the Home Alill and Elevator Company of Mt. Vernon, was born in Poseyville, Ind., July 15, 1888, son of Anderson and Mary Louise (Reeves) Morrow. The father was born in Ohio and came to Posey county in 1882, locating at Poseyville, where for ten years he was a building contractor. He retired in 1910 and now lives at Wadesville. Anderson Morrow and Mary Louise Reeves were married in 1884 and had seven children: Lannie G.. of this record; Minnie, born September 21, 1891, now the wife of Julius Gambrel, of Caborns Station, Ind. ; Lawrence Earl, born September 27, 1893; Nettie, born August 14, 1897; Harry, born March 28, 1902 ; and two of whom died in infancy. Lannie Morrow was educated in the public schools of Poseyville and Wadesville, gradu- ating from the Wadesville High School in 1905. He was employed in clerking, farming and was a teacher in the district schools of Harmony township. In June, 1912, he became manager of the Wadesville branch of the Home Mill and Elevator Company, of Mt. Vernon. Mr. Morrow was married January 18, 1913, to Miss Myrtle Oliver, daughter of Samuel Oliver, of Center township. She was born December 23, 1887, at Oliver. Her parents are natives of Posey county. Mr. Morrow is a Democrat.

Dr. Charles Arburn, a leading physician of Wadesville, Ind., was born on a farm near Haubstadt, Johnson township, Gibson county, that State, October 13, 1858, son of John and Angeline (Henson) Arburn. John Arburn was born in England July 13, 1824, and came to America with his parents in 1831, locating in Gibson county at an early date. He was a farmer all his life and died at Fort Branch in 1883. In 1840 he married Miss Angeline Henson, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1826. She died in July, 1899. Four sons and six daughters were born to these parents : John M., born March 22, 1844, now a retired merchant of Oakland City, Ind. ; Frances, born September 29, 1843, who married Charles Loper, of Francisco, Ind. ; Rebecca, born June 3, 1846, died May 27, 1849; Nancy Jane, born March 6, 1848, died March 6, 1849; David P., born February 14, 1850, died August 4, 1909; Joel H., who became a physician, born February 20, 1852, died in September, 1883 ; Parthenia, born February 7, 1854, now the wife of Jonathan E. Douglass, a farmer, of Fort Branch, Ind.; Mary Elizabeth, born February 16, 1856, now the wife of James T. Dorsey, a farmer of Fort Branch, Ind. ; Martha Belle, born October 17, i860, died December 10, 1861 ; Angeline, born September 8, 1862, now Mrs. Patterson, of Durango, Colo. ; Charles, our subject. Charles Arburn attended the public schools of Gibson county and began teaching at the age of twenty. He taught for four years in that county and then engaged in farming. At the age of twenty-eight he entered the Kentucky School of Medicine at Louisville, from which institution he graduated with the class of 1889. He located for practice at Carmi, 111., .where he remained two years. In 1892 he removed to East Lynn, 111. After practicing in that town four years he located in 1896 in Wadesville, where he has an extensive practice and where he has since lived. Dr. Arburn is a student, keeps abreast of the advancement made in medicine and surgery and in 1896 completed a thirtydays course in Chicago Post-Graduate School. He is a member of Posey County and Indiana State Medical Societies, and the American Medical Association. He is a Democrat, a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Court of Honor, Modern Woodmen of America and has occupied all the chairs in his various lodges. Dr. Arburn was married May i, 1884, to Miss Martha Florence Smith, daughter of George W. and Mary Jane (Calvert) Smith, farmers of Smith town- ship, Posey county. She was born November 27, 1861, in Smith township, where her parents were also born. Her grandfather, Daniel Smith, came from North Carolina at an early date and when Posey county was organized in 1814, Smith township was named in his honor. Mrs. Arburn has a sister and brother, both younger than herself, Lizzie, now the wife of Dr. James E. Gudgel, of Cynthiana, Ind., and J. W". Smith, a merchant, of Champaign, 111. Mr. ar^d Mrs. Arburn have two sons and two daughters: Will Smith Arburn, born January 10, 1886, now in the bond brokerage business at Terre Haute, Ind. ; James E. Arburn, born March 27, 1892, an employe of the Adams Express Company in Indianapolis; Mary Ruth, born June 6, 1894, and Agnes Dorothy, born December 9, 1900. Dr. and Mrs. Auburn are members of the Primitive Baptist churcJi.

Dan Williams, lianker and farmer of Wadesville, Ind., is a native of Posey county, a member of one of its oldest pioneer families and was born on his father's farm in Harmony township on September 3, 1868, the son of Jonathan and Mary Ellen (Cox) Williams. The family was founded in Indiana in March, 1828, when Urbane Williams, a native of Virginia, came from Nelson county, Kentucky, and located on land near Stewartsville, Posey county. About two years later he bought a tract of land in Harmony town.-^hip, which he cleared and improved, and on which he resided until his death, June 25, 1848. He had married, while a resident of Kentucky, Nancy Johnson, a native of that State, who died in February, 1845. Their son, Asa C. Williams, the grandfather of our subject, was born in Nelson county, Kentucky, October 20, 1818. He was reared on his father's farm in Harmony township and was educated in the schools of that early day. On reaching his majority he engaged in farming, purchasing a tract of forty acres in what is now Center township. He was not only a successful farmer, but a man of exceptional financial ability, and accumulated a large fortune for his time. In 1867 he removed to Mt. \'ernon and was elected vice-president of the First National Bank, an institution which he had helped to organize. He was elected president of the bank in 1873 and remained at its head until his death, which occurred in 1896. As a banker he was known as a discriminating financier, one who brought the administrative policy of his bank up to the point of highest efficiency, and whose efforts in fostering the development of the manufacturing and commercial interests of Mt. Vernon were second to none. He was a generous supporter of the Baptist church and his charities were many and varied. As a citizen he was greatly esteemed and he exerted a potent influence for good throughout the county. He was married twice - first on January 28, 1840, to Dicy Cox, a native of Posey county, who died on August 29, 1844. Three children were born of this union : Jonathan, the father of our subject; Martha, who married Charles Hays; and Asa, all of whom are deceased. On July 17, 1845, he married Anna Gwaltney, a daughter of Benjamin Gwaltney, a pioneer citizen of the county. Through his second marriage three children were born : John T., a farmer of Harmony township ; Stephen Jett, personal mention of whom appears elsewhere in this work ; and Dicy, deceased. Jonathan Williams became a successful farmer in Harmony township. He took an active part in the political life of his section and wielded an influence for good. He did not possess the commercial genius of his father, preferring to remain on the home farm, where he was at home in the fields, in the woods and with his stock. He married in 1861, Mary Ellen Cox, a daughter of John Cox, a native of South Carolina, who came to Posey county with his parents in the early days of its settlement. The death of Mr. Williams occurred in January, 1873, and that of his wife in April, 1887. They were the parents of seven children, who are as follows : John C, born September 4, 1862, died February 28, 1869; Laura Isabel, born August 12, 1865, who became the wife of David Hutchinson, who resides near Carmi, 111. She died January 31, 1885; William Henry, born November 22, 1863, died October 15, 1883; Dan, our subject; Leona, born November 26, 1870, the wife of Stephen Hancock, a farmer of Robb township ; Alden L., born June 29, 1879, died April. 1900; and Mary Ellen, born April 22, 1867, died August 21, 1870. Dan Williams was reared on the old home farm in Harmony township and received his education in the public schools of Posey county. On reaching his majority he bought a farm in Lynn township and operated it with such success that his profits equaled the purchase price during tlfe seven years he farmed there. His next venture was in Center township, where he bought 145 acres where he duplicated his former succSss. He now owns one of the large farms of the county, 320 acres, situated about three miles from Wadesville. The land is exceptionally good, is in a high state of cultivation, and in the matter of improvements is not excelled in southwestern Indiana. He became a resident of Wadesville in 1905 and in 1907 he promoted the organization of the Farmers National Bank. He was elected cashier of the institution upon incorporation and has since served in that capacity. As a banker he is demonstrating the possession of the sound financial judgment, executive and initiative ability, and progressiveness which made Asa C. Williams a power in the financial circles of his section of the State. In the administration of the business of the institution he has been the controlling executive and to him is due the highly favorable showing made during its six years of business life. The bank has an earned surplus of $4,750, undivided profits of $750, and its deposits average about $120,000, a very creditable showing, considering the population of Wadesville and the strong competition of nearby towns which have long established institutions. His political affiliations have been with the Democratic party. He was elected trustee of

Center township in 1904 and served during a term of four years. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mr. Williams married on January i, i8gi. Miss Eurie M. Willis, a daughter of Robert M. and Jane (Downen) Willis, the father a farmer of Center township, where she was born on December 31, 1869. Mrs. Williams died on December 7, 1903. They were the parents of five children : Mildred, born October 15, 1891. died October 6, 18138; Harold, born November 8, 1893; and Asa Dan, born January 31, 1896, died September 2, 1896; Anna Jane, born August 10, 1897; and Eurie May, born May 15, 1900. On December 6. 1904, Mr. Williams married Miss Amy Anna Stallings, the daughter of John W. and Martha Stallings, both of whom were born in Posey county, but now reside in Omaha, Gallatin county, Illinois. Mrs. W'illiams is also a native of Posey county and was born on November 6, 1881. Three children have been born of this union, viz.: Amy Marie, born December 12, 1905; Mary Corine, born June 18, 1908;' and Fannie Jauna. born December 5, 1910.

August Schieber. - History is the preserved record of events, as biography is the personal record of those who have been actively concerned in the moulding and action of the events from which history is made. A publication of this nature exercises its most important function when it takes cognizance of the life and labors of those citizens who have been of material value in furthering the advancement and development of a community. The late August Schieber, a resident of Mt. Vernon for nearly fifty years, its most extensive owner of business and residence property, and one of Posey county's most successful men of affairs, is entitled to distinctive recognition in this volume. August Schieber was born in Wittenberg, Germany, February 7, 1841, a son of Frederick and Magdalena Schieber, residents of the town of Stuggart, where the father died when August was seven years of age. His mother married a second time, her husband being Frederick Richert, and in 1848 he brought his family to the United States and located in Evansville, Ind., where he established a brewery. August Schieber was reared in Evansville, was educated in its schools, was variously employed in the brewery of his step-father and also learned the cooper's trade. He completed a course in Buchanan's Commercial College at Evansville, attending this school at night. On the breaking out of the war in 1861 he enlisted in defense of the Union and served throughout the conflict, being a member of the Twenty-fourth Indiana volunteer infantry, of which General Alvin P. Hovey, then colonel, was in command. Frederick Rickert erected, shortly after the war, a hotel on Water street in Mt. Vernon, named the Flower House, in which young Schieber managed the cafe. In 1871 the hotel was sold and August Schieber initiated his first commercial enterprise. He established a retail grocery and liquor store on ^^'ater street. In the conduct of this business he demonstrated the possession of those qualities necessary to success as a merchant and built up an exceedingly profitable enterprise. About 1890 he disposed of the store and removed to a more central location at Mulberry and Water streets, where he continued as a merchant until his realty interests became so important that he retired from commercial life, giving his entire attention to the management of his business, residence and farm properties. From the time he entered commercial life he was a consistent buyer, with the profits derived from his business, of farm and city property, until his holdings were the largest of any individual in Mt. Vernon, and required not only his entire time in their supervision, but necessitated the employment of assistants. He was the owner of a number of improved business properties, including the Masonic Hall building, forty-one residences, farm lands totaling over 2,000 acres, the Posey county fair grounds of about forty acres, and had been interested directly or indirectly with many other business enterprises of his home city. He was one of the organizers, the largest stockholder and president of the Consumers Ice and Cold Storage Company, of Mt. Vernon, which is reviewed at length in the chapter on "Manufacturing and Commercial Enterprises," and president of the Lee Lumber Company of Memphis, Tenn., of which his son was general manager, one of the most important concerns in the lumber industry in the South. Essentially a business man, Mr. Schieber had neither time nor inclination for political office, although he served for several terms as a member of the council of Mt. Vernon, believing that a citizen of large property interests should devote a portion of his time and business experience in the management of civic affairs. He was a Republican. Mr. Schieber married on June i8, 1870, Miss Mary Anna Schutte, a daughter of Frank and Clara (Knair) Schutte, both of whom were born in Pricen, Germany. Frank Schutte was a farmer and came to the United States in 1856, locating on land in Marrs township, Posey county, Indiana, which he operated until his death. Mrs. Schieber was born in Pricen, Germany, on June 22, 1851, and was reared in Marrs township. She acquired her education in the St. Philip parochial school and attended the church there. She is a woman who has developed a talent for business affairs, has a comprehensive knowledge of the responsibilities of property ownership, and since the death of Mr. Schieber, which occurred on February 8, 1910, has supervised the management of the large and varied interests left her by her husband. She has been, to some extent, a student, is well read on a variety of subjects, and is the reader of the Christian Science church of Mt. Vernon, of which she is a member. August Frank Schieber, the only child of August and Mary Anna Schieber, was born in Mt. Vernon on March 17, 1871. He received his early educational discipline in the public schools of his native city and through a course of study in St.

Francis College at Teotopolis, 111., and the Catholic College at Dayton, Ohio. He was subsequently employed in his father's store and mill in various capacities and received a thorough business training under the supervision of the elder Schieber. In Gates, Tenn., he initiated his first independent venture when he formed, with Charles Finley, the firm of Schieber & Finley and engaged in the manufacture of lumber, their plant being removed some time afterward to Benoid. Miss. This venture was a success and he demonstrated his possession of executive ability of a high order. He was able to secure recognition among men in the trade as an able manager and one who knew lumber values. An opportunity offering in which he was assured of further advancing his importance among men in his line, he retired from the firm of Schieber & Finley and, with his father and M. E. Montgomery, purchased the business of the Lee Lumber Company, of Memphis, of which he became general manager and his father president. In the management of this enterprise he continued his former success and the company became one of the most important factors in the lumber trade of the South. On the death of his father he succeeded him as president and remained in this capacity until his death on March ii, 1913. His death, which occurred while he was in the prime of life, at a time when he had attained a commanding position in his chosen field of enterprise, was a severe blow to his mother, who had but three years before lost her husband. August F. Schieber possessed many likeable qualities, his friends were many and worth while, he promised to become a business man of unusual worth, and his loss to the business circles of Memphis was deplored by the press of that city. August F. Schieber was twice married. His first wife was Miss Annie Naas, of Mt. Vernon. No children were born of this union. After her death he married Mrs. Margaret Drury, nee Freeman. Of this union one child was born : Mary Augusta Schieber, February 18, 1904.

Jacob Becker, retired farmer of \\'adesville, Ind., was born March 6, 1839, in Hessen-Darmstadt, Germany, son of John and Katherine (Hirth) Becker. He came to the United States with his parents and three brothers in 1852. They came by sailing vessel, consuming seventy-two days in the voyage, and landed at New Orleans. They then came up the Mississippi river to Cairo, 111., thence by the Ohio river to Evansville. The wife and mother died of cholera on the boat and was buried at Greenville, Ark. After a few years in Evansville they bought a farm in Robinson. Posey county. The four brothers are as follows: John, now retired at Evansville; Henry, deceased; Jacob, of this record ; and Herman, deceased. Jacob Becker learned the shoemaker's trade at Evansville and in 1862 he removed to Posey county and opened a general store in \\'adesville, which he conducted for eight years and then sold to his father-in-law, Finley Allison. He then opened a shoe shop in the same town, whicli he conducted for eighteen years, after which he bought his present farm of eighty acres at the edge of town. It is now one of the best improved in the vicinity. Mr. Becker has been married twice. On January 30, 1862, he married Miss Mary Allison, daughter of Finley Allison. She was born January 12, 1842, and died July 2, 1867. Two sons were born to this marriage : William H., December 15, 1862, now a railroad man at Indianapolis; John F., born May 12, 1866, a farmer of Center township. Mr. Becker took as his second wife Miss Emily Allison, who was a sister of his first wife. They became the parents of seven children : Mary, born June 19, 1868, married William H. Hidbrader, a farmer of Center township, and they have one child, Herman; Emma, born March 12, i87o( now the wife of John Wade, of Wadesville; Laura, born April 21, 1872, now the wife of Edward Goad, of Port Orchard, Wash.; Edward, born August 12, 1874, died March 22, 1877; Charles, born June 11, 1878, boilermaker at Evansville ; Edward, born March 2, 1882, was married October 12, 1903, to Miss Emma Owens, daughter of Flavius and Pauline (Cox) Owens, of Center township. She was born October 28, 1883, in Center township. They have three children, Velma, born May 22, 1904, Melvin Joel, born December 25, 191 1, and a son born in October, 1913. Pearl, the seventh child of Mr. and Mrs. Becker, was born August 4, 1886, and is now the wife of Edward Lockridge, of Evansville. Mr. Becker is a progressive, substantial citizen of the community and an active member of the Lutheran church. For manv years he was an active worker in the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Harri Jara, and Independent Order of Odd Fellows, but has dropped all.

John C. Leffel, editor and proprietor of the "Western Star" and one of the best known newspaper men in southern Indiana, was born in Blairsville, Posey county, May 8, 1850, a son of Daniel and . Barbara (Reichenbacher) Leffel, both of whom were born in Karlsruhe, Baden, Germany, where they also married. In 1832 they immigrated to the United States and for several years resided in New York City. They changed locations several times and in the latter part of the '40s located in Center township, Posey county, where Mr. Leffel purchased large tracts of land, the town sites of Blairsville and Wadesville being a part of his original purchase. In 1854 he removed to Mt. Vernon and engaged in merchandising. His death occurred in 1873, at the age of sixty-six years, and that of his wife in 1894, aged seventy-nine. They were the parents of eight children, five of whom survive, viz. : Nancy, the widow of George Henrich ; Elizabeth, the widow of William H. Lichtenberger ; John C, of this review; Celia, the wife of Henry Baldwin, all of Mt. Vernon ; and Mollie E., the wife of Valentine Kratz, of Los Angeles, Cal. Those deceased are: Caroline, who married Wil-

Ham Derman, of Spokane, Wash., and died in July, 191 1; Catherine and William, the former of whom died aged nineteen and the latter aged four. John C. Leffel was educated in the schools of Mt. Vernon and at the age of fifteen became an apprentice in a harness shop at St. Louis, Mo., where he remained until 1867, when he returned to Mt. Vernon and entered the office of the "Democrat" and assisted Tom Collins, the editor and proprietor, in getting out his paper. He remained on the "Democrat'' until October, 1875, when he established the Mt. Vernon "Wochenblatt," the first and only German paper to be published in Posey county. In 1877 the first issue of the "Western Star" appeared, the founding of ihis paper by Mr. Leffel being the result of repeated requests upon the part of leading Democrats that he establish and edit a paper that could be counted on as the organ of the party in the county. From its first issue it has been the aim of the editor to make it alive with interest and with real, practical usefulness, and this has been done, with the result that it is, and has been for thirtyfive years, welcomed as a personal friend in the homes of Posey county. In 1885 the publishing of the "Wochenblatt" was discontinued, due to the demands upon Mr. Leffel's time by the "Western Star," which prevented him giving both papers the attention they deserved. He enjoys the distinction of having been the first publisher in Posey county to install power presses and is the only one who has purchased a linotype machine. The office and press room of the "Star" are in point of equipment the best in the county. The building in which they are located was constructed from plans furnished by Mr. Leffel and is especially adapted to the needs of his business. It is the one printing plant of the county in which typesetting is done by machinery. The job printing department of the paper is up to date in all particulars and its business exceeds by far any other establishment in this line in the county. As a newspaper man Leffel has never been surpassed in Posey county. He is a vigorous writer, has a wealth of energy, his editorials are worth while, and his paper has been conducted in an able and clean manner. He has attained the Council degree in Masonry and is a member of Beulah Lodge. Xo. 378. Mr. Leffel married on July 2, 1872, Miss Minnie Brinkman. the eldest daughter of Henry Brinkman, of Mt. Vernon, a review of whom appears on other pages of this volume. Mrs. Leffel was born in Mt. Vernon on June 8, 1853, and died on February 28, 1907. She is survived by her husband and the following children: Edward, born May 4, 1872, personal mention of whom follows this article ; Lillie, born October 4, 1874. the wife of Philip Suddoth, of Mt. Vernon ; Herbert, born April 24, 1877, who is associated with his father; Daisy, born September 14, 1874. who resides in Evansville; Otto, born August 24, 1881, agent at Oskaloosa, Kan., of the Mis- souri Pacific railway; John, born February 5, 1887, employe of the passenger department of the Shore Line railway at San Francisco, Cal.; and Minnie, born February 16, 1892, residing with her father.

Edward Leffel is the eldest son of John C. Leffel and Minnie (Brinkman) Leffel. He was born in the city of Mt. Vernon, Ind., on May 14, 1872, and is one of a family of seven children, viz.: Lillian (Leffel) Suddoth, Daisy and Minnie Leffel, and Herbert, Otto and John Leffel, Jr. Mr. Leffel attended the public schools of Mt. Vernon and learned the newspaper business in the "Star" office, which was conducted by his father. When a young man he worked for a short time in the Kellar Printing Company in Evansville, Ind., and the Government Printing Office in Washington, D. C. He held a position in the Indiana legislature of 1892 and later went to Washington. After working twelve or fifteen years in the newspaper and printing business he became engaged in the mortgage loan business, which business he is engaged in at this date, November 7, 1913. He is unmarried.

William A. Oliver, extensive land owner and farmer of Center township, Posey county, and a member of one of the most prominent pioneer families of southwestern Indiana, was born on his father's farm in Robinson township on December 2, 1844, a son of Job and Elizabeth (Jones) Oliver. Job Oliver was born in Kentucky on December 18, 1820, his parents coming to Indiana shortly after his birth. They located in Posey county, then in a formative period, where the father located on land. Job attended the schools of that early day, did his due share of the day's work, endured the hardships common to the settler of the pioneer period, and became one of the large land owners of the county. He was actively concerned in the early development of Center township, a man of influence, and possessed the esteem of all. He was married twice. By his first wife he had six children, three of whom are living, viz.: William A., the subject of this review; Wilson and Samuel. Thompson, Cynthia and Joel are deceased. Anna Shaw, his second wife, bore him six children, viz. : George, Emma, Nelia, James and Ella. Elizabeth is deceased. The town of Oliver was named in honor of Job Oliver, the townsite being a part of one of his farms. William A. Oliver was reared on his father's farm and his education was acquired in the schools of Robinson township. Farming has been his occupation since boyhood and he is recognized as not only one of the successful men in that field of endeavor within his county, but is also one of the influential citizens of his township. Political office has never appealed to him, although he takes an active interest in the questions of the day and never neglects his civic duties. He is a Democrat. His farm of 128 acres is well improved, well stocked and has been his place of residence since 1873. Mr. Oliver has been twice married. In December, 1866, he married Miss Rachel Causey, who died August 9, 1870. She bore him two children: John, born September 10, 1867, died October 22, 1867, and Walter, born July 13, 1870, died October 8, 1870. On January 16, 1873, he married for his second wife Miss Cornelia Fillingim, the" daughter of Gracchus and Lurana (Cox) Fillingim. She was born on January 18, 1849. Of this second union three children were born, of whom the eldest died in infancy. Otis L. Oliver, born December 3, 1875, died on February 3, 1892. Elsie M., born December 28, 1879, is the wife of William W. Hoggatt, M. D., of French Lick Springs, Ind. They are the parents of five children, viz.: Verne D., born January 16, 1900; Eunice M., born August 7, 1902; Vera Fae, born June 10, 1905 ; Doris and Dorothy, twins, who were born May i, 1912.

Warren Wade, president of the Farmers National Bank of Wadesville, prominent farmer and stockman and popular citizen, is a native of Posey coimty and was born on October 27. 1859, a son of William D. and Hester C. (Fillingim) Wade. The family was founded in Indiana by Zachariah Wade, a native of North Carolina, born near Chester Court House, who came to Posey county in the early years of its settlement, became a prosperous farmer, attained influence as a citizen, and was the father of Wadesville, named for him. He was a Democrat, served as justice of the peace for many years, and was identified with practically every phase of the development of his township. William D. Wade was also a farmer. He was born on April 19, 1825, and died on May 14, 1904. On August 8, 1854, he married Hester C. Fillingim, a daughter of Ajax and Eliza (Moye) Fillingim, who, like his parents, were natives of North Carolina. They were the parents of the following children : Warren, the subject of this article ; Albert, born December 6, 1861 ; a resident of New Albany, Ind, ; and Jennie, born February 8, 1863, the wife of Sidney Johnson, a prosperous farmer of Harmony township. Three children: Roy, Carrol and Elvis, died in infancy. W^arren Wade was reared on his father's farm in Center township, assisted in its operation until he was twenty-four years of age, and acquired his education in the district schools of his neighborhood. In 1894 he became the owner of a farm and has devoted his attention to agriculture and stock feeding and in each branch of endeavor has met with success. His farm property consists of 150 acres, its improvements are substantial and it has paid satisfactory returns. In 1907 he, with Dan Williams, promoted the organization of the Farmers National Bank of Wadesville, and on incorporation he was elected to its directorate. He became vice-president of the institution in 1908 and was elected president in 1909, and is still serving in that capacity. The following vear, 1910, he retired from the active management of his farm. He is a Democrat in his political views, is influential in the affairs of his township and served for two years as trustee. In the administra- tion of the affairs of this office he served with credit. He exercised sound financial sense in handling the township funds, was able to greatly improve the roads, building a considerable mileage, and at the same time reduced the levy from seventy-two to fifty-two cents. Mr. Wade married on October 21, 1883, Miss Mary Bailey, a daughter of Larkin and Martha A. (Fitzgerald) Bailey, of Harmony township. Larkin Bailey was born in Harmony township on January 5, 1838, and died December 3, 1878. His wife was also born in the township on September 7, 1837, and died December 18, 1869. Mary Bailey Wade was born on November 2, 1863. Mr. and Mrs. Wade are the parents of one child, Herman Wade, born August 11, 1884. He is a graduate of the Wadesville High School, attended for one term the Oakland City College, and also Purdue University, in the latter institution specializing on agriculture and live stock. He is one of the successful and progressive farmers of Center township, and owns and manages 200 acres of well improved land, which is being scientifically farmed. On November 29, 1908, he married Miss Jessie Wiley, a daughter of James D. and Hannah (Penfold) Wiley, of Harmony township. She was born on August 7,

George B. Wade, retired farmer, influential citizen, of Center township, and a resident of Wadesville, is a native of Posey county, a member of one of its prominent pioneer families and is a descendant of Zachariah Wade, for whom Wadesville was named. He is the son of Isaac George Washington and Eliza Jane (Nash) Wade, both of whom were born in Posey county, the father on February 15, 1829, and the mother on June 27, 1836. They were married in 1856. Isaac G. W. Wade was one of the most successful farmers of Center township, served for many years as a justice of the peace, was a Democrat and took an active part in the political life of his county, and accumulated a sizeable fortune. His death occurred on August 5, 1899. His wife, Eliza Jane Nash, was the daughter of Andrew and Mariah (Montgomery) Nash, both of whom were born in Pennsylvania. Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Wade, and are as follows: William, born in 1858, died in infancy; Mariah, born October 10, i860, is the wife of Henry Heckman, a farmer of Harmony township ; George B., the subject of this sketch ; Isaac Minor, born October 16, 1864, and Alvin Andrew, born August 16, 1867, both of whom reside on the home farm in Center township. George B. Wade was reared on his father's farm, secured his education in the public schools of Center township, and remained on the home farm until 1904, when he married, on June 22, IMiss Delia Move, a daughter of George W. and Grace (Stallings) Moye, both natives of Posey county, Mr. Moye having been born in Center township on January 2, 1854, and his wife on February 22, 1859. Mrs. Wade was born on November 23, 1878. She is one of a familv of ten children, the brothers and sisters being: Wyatt Gray

Move, Ora O. Moye, Minnie Pearl, the widow of Samuel Coomer, Iva Viola, the wife of Morris F. Wade, a farmer of Center township, Elizabeth Ellen, Elva Leona, the wife of Louis Garris, Malcolm Edward, in the naval service of the United States, Virginia Evelyn, a graduate of the Wadesville High School in the class of 1913, and George Lawrence Moye. Shortly after his marriage Mr. Wade bought a farm and engaged in business for himself. In 1904 he retired from active farm labor, became a resident of Wadesville, and has since been occupied in looking after his property interests, which are considerable. Political office has never appealed to him. He is a Democrat. His fraternal affiliations are with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mr. and Mrs. Wade are the parents of the following children : Eunice, born May 25, 1905 ; George Van, born October 4, 1906, and Mary Eliza, born March 30, 1909. The family attend the Regular Baptist church.

James H. Moye, a successful farmer, extensive land owner and prominent citizen of Posey county, whose death occurred on July 16, 1907, was born on his father's farm in Center township, February 27, 1847. I'^ was a son of Wyatt G. and Elizabeth (Owens) Moye, the former a native of North Carolina and the latter of Posey county. The family was founded in Indiana in 1830, when John Moye, a native of North Carolina, located in Posey county, in what is now Center township. He and his descendants, he was the father of eleven children, have had much to do with the development of this section of the county, and have been, without exception, men and women who have had the respect and esteem of their fellow citizens. James H. Moye acquired his education in the schools of his native township, was reared a farmer and upon his father's death became the owner of a part of the home farm. As a farmer he was successful, and added to his holdings in farm lands until he was one of the large land owners of his township. II is political affiliations were with the Democratic part}-, and he took an active part in the campaigns, was influential in part}' councils, but had no inclination for public office. He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and active in the work of his order. Mr. Moye married, in 1873, Miss Susan Cox, who died on September 9, 1877. Two children were born of this union: Walter G. Moye, born November 26, 1874, and LeRoy, who died in infancy. On February 23, 1879, he married Miss Luvina Hunsinger, a daughter of Lewis and Sophronia C. (McCrary) Hunsinger, who was born April 9, 1858, and who resides on the Moye farm two miles west of Wadesville. Her family were residents of White county, Illinois, of which State her father was a native ; her mother was born in Posey county. With her brother, Calvin W. Hunsinger, she is the only survivor of the family of six children, four of whom are deceased, and are as follows: Seymour T., Isabell, Larkin Minor, and George .-Mien. To James H. Moye and Luvina (Hunsinger) Moye fourteen children were born, viz.: Sophronia Elizabeth, who died in infancy; Lewis, born September 29, 1881 ; Fanny, born April ii, 1883 ; James Henry, born May 22, 1885; Joseph Wilburn, born December 31, 1886; Larkin Kenneth, born August 27, 1888; Edith, born September 9, 1889, the wife of Edgar W. Huck; Lilly, born April 8, 1892; Jesse Lawrence, born September 15, 1893; Helen, born June 15, 1896; Ruby, born March 12, 1898, and Susie, born January 5, 1900. The Moye farm is one of the best examples of modern farming in Posey county. Substantial improvements and modern equipment mark the progressive spirit of its owners. The family are active in the social and religious life of their community, possess the esteem of their neighbors, while the home is known for its hospitality.

Clarence Cox, educator, farmer and trustee of Center township, Posey county, is a descendant on both the paternal and maternal sides from pioneer residents of Southwestern Indiana. He was born on his father's farm in Center township, on October 21, 1871, a son of Isaac N. and Harriet N. (Wade ) Cox. The father was born on February 7, 1846, and died March 2'j, 1877. Mrs. Cox was born on December 10, 1843, ^"d with her two children, Clarence, the subject of this sketch, and Elva, born April 18, 1873, who is the wife of William H. Ramsey, of Wadesville, survive. Isaac N. Cox was a farmer, well and favorably known in his section of the county, who died at a time when he was on the road to success and prominence. Clarence Cox was reared on his father's farm, educated in the public schools and in 1890 engaged in teaching. This profession he followed for sixteen years in the schools of Center township, where he became known as one of the successful educators of his county. In 1908 he was elected to the office of trustee of Center township, and is still serving in that capacity. His administration of the affairs of this office have been creditable to himself and his constituents. His financial policy has been sound, improvements have kept pace with the times, and the schools have benefited greatly through his long experience as a teacher. He has always taken an active interest in the questions of the day and is a consistent supporter of the principles and policies of the Democratic party. Mr. Cox married, on June 9, 1897, Miss Ida L. Moye, a daughter of John L. and Nancy J. (Randolph) Moye. She was born on July 11, 1873. They are the parents of two children: Mildred M. Cox, born September 21, 1900, and Myron M. Cox, born July 12, 1905.

Christ Reister, successful merchant, influential citizen and former treasurer of Posey county, was bom in the town of Stein, province of Baden, Germany, on December 28, 1848, the son of Christ and Katherine (Zippese) Reister. Christ Reister, Sr., a tailor by trade, served in the German army during the revolution of 1848. He came to the United States in 1852, landing in New Orleans, and enlisted in the regular army. He was joined by his family in 1852 at Oswego. N. Y., and about three months afterward brought them to Evansville, Ind., where he located.

The following vear he became a resident of Haubstadt, Gibson county, and engaged in' the manufacture of brick, in which he continued until he retired from active business, in 1876. His service in the United States army covered two terms in the regular and one in the volunteer army. He served throughout the Civil war and was captain of Company D, Thirty-second Indiana infantry. Christ Reister, Jr., was reared in Haubstadt and secured iiis education in the schools of that town. He became an employe in his father's brickyard and remained in this occupation until 1879,' when he located in Cynthiana and engaged in the retail liquor business. In 1881 he established a general store and remained in this line of endeavor until 1903, when he retired. He was successful as a merchant and amassed a considerable fortune, which he has invested to advantage. Among his properties is a farm of 146 acres, situated one and one-half miles north of Cynthiana. Mr. Reister is best known to the citizens of Posey county through a residence of four years in Mt. Vernon, during which time he occupied the office of treasurer of the county. He has for many years been actively identified with the political life of the countv and has been a leader in the Democratic party, of whose policies and principles he has been a consistent advocate. He served as inspector of the election board of Smith township for ten years, has attended, as a delegate, state and congressional conventions and has been one of the mainstays of his party in the county. He was honored with the nomination for treasurer in 1906, and was elected by practically a unanimous vote, only seven ballots being in the count against him. His conduct of the business affairs of this office was marked by the same business acumen as had characterized his commercial career. He was elected to succeed himself in 1908. His record as treasurer will stand as highly creditable to himself and his constituents. Since retirement from the office he has been occupied in the management of his farm and supervision of his various investments. Mr. Reister married on September 23, 1875, Miss Mary Triple, a daughter of George W. Triple of Haubstadt. They were the parents of one child, Ada Reister, born July 18, 1876, the wife of Jesse Wade, a successful lawyer of Mt. Vernon. Mrs. Reister died on October 19. 1879. On .\pril 30. 1885, Mr. Reister married Miss Carry Deiteile, a daughter of Jacob and Anne M. Deiteile of Mt. Vernon. She is a native of that city and her father was for many years engaged in the retail market business and one of the four butchers who conducted stalls in the old city market building, erected from the fund donated by Dan Rice, the famous clown and circus owner. Three children have been born of this second marriage of Mr. Reister, two of whom died in infancy. Carolyn Reister, born December 27, 1904, is a student in the Cynthiana schools. Mrs. Reister is a member of the Christian Science church and popular in the social life of her home town. The family residence is one of the handsomest in the county and noted

Francis Marion Greathouse. - To have attained so notable a record as did Captain Greathouse in connection with his service during the Civil war would prove sufficient to give precedence and reputation to any man, were this to represent the sum total of his efforts ; but Francis Marion Greathouse is a man of distinct individuality, broad mental ken and strong initiative, who has been a leader in his township and the county as well. Captain Greathouse was born on his father's farm in Point township, Posey county, Indiana, April lo, 1840. He is the third child born to George Washington and Martha N. (Harshman) Greathouse. The family is of German descent, was founded in America previous to the war for independence, and in Posey county by David Greathouse, a native of Pennsylvania, who settled in what is now Point township prior to 1818, in which year is recorded his original land entry. He took an active part in the affairs incident to the early settlement of the county, acquired extensive land holdings and was one of the most influential men of his time and section. He married Sarah Callender, also born in Pennsylvania. They were the parents of four sons : Sampson, born December 8, 1808, who died February 2, 1887 : George Washington, the father of Captain Greathouse, born July 4, 1810, who died February 4, 1843; John, born 1812, who died in 1842, and Lorenzo Dow, born 1818, who died in 1883. George Washington Greathouse was reared on his father's farm and followed the occupation of farmer. He was known among the men of his time for his integrity and high ideals, was a tireless worker and successful in his business undertakings. He was a builder-up of his properties, which during the pioneer period of the development of the county required hard labor and untiring energy. He married on June 14, 1832, Martha N. Harshman, the daughter of George and Dorcas Harshman, one of Posey county's early settlers, whose homestead was in Prairie Settlement. She was born in Virginia on January 8, 1815. Mr. Greathouse died on the fourteenth of February, 1843, and his wife on February 8, 1872. They were the parents of the following children : Sarah C, born May 6, 1833, and who died March 6, 1880. She married Joel Redmond, a farmer of Posey county. Julia, the second child, born January 17, 1835, married Thomas French, a prominent farmer of Lynn township, and is at the age of seventy-eight, enjoying the sunset years of life, surrounded by her grandchildren (see sketch of Raymond French). Matilda, the youngest child, born June 14, 1842, married Andrew Alexander, a man of sterling worth and intellectual ability, by which union, in 1864, her only child, Rosamond, was born. She became the wife of Dr. G. R. Peckempaugh, a prominent physician of Mt. Vernon, now a resident of Evansville. Mrs. Alexander was a woman of broad education, possessed intellectual ability of a high order and gained extended reputation as an author. She was the founder of the Alexandrian Library of Mt. Vernon (see chapter on Libraries), which she endowed liberally. Her death occurred on April 22, 1892; her husband on November 13,' 1866. Francis Marion Greathouse, the third child born to George W. and Martha Greathouse, was reared on his father's farm, attended the schools of his district and assisted in the carrying on of the farm work until the breaking out of the Civil war. In July, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, First Indiana cavalry, and upon its organization was elected first sergeant. He was several times promoted for meritorious service and valor. He was commissioned second lieutenant December 18, 1861, and first lieutenant June 6, 1863. He was mustered out on September 12, 1864. He was with his regiment in the battles of Fredericktown, Mo., December 16, 1861 ; Helena, Ark.. July 4, 1863 ; Pine Bluff, Ark., October 25, 1863; Mt. Elba, Ark., March 27, 1864. and Mark's Mills, Ark., April 25, 1864. It was during the time when he was detailed on scout duty that Lieutenant Greathouse won his greatest renown as a soldier, his work in this line of warfare being of the highest value to the LTnJon cause, and was the result of careful planning and brilliant execution. His most conspicuous service, in point of value to the cause of the Union, was that of the Longview expedition, March 26, 1864, in which he was the ranking officer. The following extract from the ofifcial report of Col. Poweil Clayton, dated Headquarters, Pine Bluff, Ark., April i, 1864, concerns the results of this expedition: "The Longview raid reflects the highest credit to Lieutenants Greathouse and Young, and for brilliancy and success is almost without a parallel. One hundred men. fifty from the First Indiana and fifty from the Fifth Kansas cavalry, marched forty miles into the enemy's country, captured and destroved a train of thirty-five wagons loaded with stores of great value to the enemy, their paymaster's safe containing over sixty thousand dollars, destroyed their pontoon bridge over the Saline river, captured and brought to Mt. Elba 260 prisoners, 300 horses and mules and a large number of contrabands; all including the march of eighty miles to Longview and return in the surprising short space of twenty-four hours." There was not a man lost or a gun fired in accomplishing this capture. Lieutenant Greathouse was in command of his company from July, 1863, until mustered out, his captain being nn detached service. He was detailed on scout duty in October, 1863, and served in this capacity until mustered out. His services while in this branch of duty were such as to win for him high commendation from his superior officers, and the results obtained by him were such as to place him among the foremost scouts of the Union army. On conclusion of his military service. Lieutenant Greathouse returned to his family home in Point township and resumed the care of the farm property. In 1872 he purchased land in Lynn township, where he has since resided. His holdings total 400 acres, the improvements are substantial and the farm is well stocked. He has realized a substantial success as an agriculturist, is one of the influential men of Posey county, where he is known for his high ideals, integrity and broad mindedness. He has taken an active part in support of those measures which have had in view the welfare and betterment of the community. He is a Republican. Political office has never appealed to him, and though often urged to accept nomination he has never permitted his name to go before a convention. He is a member of Harrow Post, No. 491, Grand Army of the Republic. On October 30, 1870, Captain Greathouse married Miss Maggie T. French, a daughter of James T. French, a farmer of Lynn township, and member of one of the oldest pioneer families of Posey county. She was born on August 15, 1845. Oi the cb.ildren born to Captain and Mrs. Greathouse, four are living, viz. : Cora, born August 14, 1871, the wife of James Bundy, of Lynn township; George Howard, born February 20, 1875, a hotel proprietor of Chicago, 111. ; Bertie, born October 19, 1879, the wife of Prof. C. J. Nelson, a teacher in the Mt. Vernon public schools, and Horace Elwood, born September 23, 1884, who resides with his parents and has the active management of his father's farm properties. A daughter, Grace, born May 22, 1873, a young lady of great personal charm, died on December 28, 1906.

Frederick Wolfinger, successful farmer, extensive land owner and veteran of the Civil war, was born on his father's farm in Marrs township, Posey county, Indiana, June 4, 1841, the son of John Wolfinger, a pioneer settler of that township and a native of Germany. There were six children in the family, all of whom, including the subject of this sketch, are deceased. The others were : John, Lewis, Charles, George and Elizabeth. John Wolfinger and his sons were important factors in the agricultural development of Marrs township, possessed energy, were thrifty, and enjoyed the esteem of their neighbors. Frederick \\'olfinger was reared on the farm of his father, assisted in its carrying on, and secured his education in the district schools of his native township. Lincoln's call for volunteers found him ready for his country's defense and he enlisted in the Tenth Indiana cavalry. With his regiment he participated in many important engagements but was never wounded. His service in the Union cause covered a period of three years, and his record was excellent. On conclusion of his military service he returned to Posey county and engaged in farming and remained in this field of endeavor until 1902, when he retired from active labor and became a resident of the city of Mt. \^ernon, his place of residence until his death, which occurred on November 9, 1909. As a farmer, Frederick Wolfinger was one of the most progressive and successful men of his section of Posey county. As a man of affairs, he was equally prominent. He possessed financial judgment, was an expert judge of land values and productiveness, seemed to sense the knock of opportunity and avail himself of it, and withal, possessed thrift. He was throughout his lifetime a buyer of farm lands and became the owner of a number of choice farm properties. Public office never appealed to him. He was a member of Mt. Vernon Post, Grand Army of the Republic, and of the General Baptist church. Mr. Wolfinger married, on December 16, 1868, Miss Nancy Benner, who was born in Marrs township, Posey county, on December 9, 1850, the daughter of John and Mary (Mills) Benner. Her father was a native of Germany, who came to America with his parents when but three years of age. He was a prosperous farmer of Marrs township. His wife was born in Black township and her parents were pioneer settlers in Posey county. Mr. Wolfinger is survived by his widow and the following children, viz.: Mary Elizabeth, born October 2, 1869, the wife of Robert Dixon, of Mt. Vernon ; Joseph Welborn, born October 24, 1871 ; Otis Alvin, born June 20, 1878; James Arthur, born November 24, 1880, graduates of Lockyear's Commercial College, Evansville, and all three prosperous farmers of Marrs township; Fred B., born September 20, 1889, a graduate of Mt. Vernon High School, class of 1910. ticket agent of the Louisville & Nashville Railway at Mt. Vernon, TIL; and Eleanor, born June 2, 1894, who graduated from the Mt. Vernon High School with the class of 1913. The third child of Mr. and Mrs. Wolfinger, a son, died in infancy.

Martin Golden, New Harmony. The venerable white haired gentleman whose name introduces this personal review, represents that type of mankind whom we all stop by the wayside to observe and admire. Mr. Golden is an actor of the old school, who for years shed his light on the American stage, furnishing instructive amusement to hundreds of delighted audiences. When he was in the prime of manly vigor his contemporaries were such men as Edwin Booth, Lawrence Barrett, and many others with whom he was associated, which almost causes the student to reflect on that epoch as the second Elizabethan age of the English drama. Mr. Golden knew well most of the actors of his time, and played with many of them, and he treasures many pleasant memories of the stage folk, great and near-great of his time. Our subject is a native of Ireland, born at Cork Hill, Parish of Screen, Novemvember 10, 1835. His parents were William Golden and Catharine Dunn, also natives of Ireland. Alartin was one of a family of ten children, tw-o of whom are now living: Thomas F., a druggist in New York, and Martin. The Golden family embarked for America in 1846, some of the older sons having preceded the other members several years. It seems that they were beset by one misfortune after another. The mother died during the voyage and was buried at sea. Shortly after the family reached Quebec the father was taken ill and died. After the death of his father Martin and a brother were sent to New

Orleans to live with an older brother, who was a druggist there. Upon arriving at New Orleans they learned that the brother in New Orleans had died two weeks previously with yellow fever. He then went to live with a cousin there, where he remained and attended school until 1849. Then, at the age of fourteen, he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he secured employment in a wholesale dry goods store. From there he went to Hamilton, Ohio, and worked for a contractor as bookkeeper and timekeeper. In 185 1 he returned to New Orleans, and during the next two years two of his brothers died there from yellow fever. In 1854 he decided to leave New Orleans and went to New York, where he had a brother and sister. After reaching New York and seeking his brother and sister he met a New Orleans acquaintance, Charles Gleason, treasurer of the St. Charles theater, New Orleans. Young Golden returned to New Orleans with him and accepted the position of doorkeeper at the St. Charles theater. He was very much interested in stage life and his position gave him an opportunity to meet many actors. He got dramatic books and applied himself to study. He became acquainted with Mr. Benedict De Barr, manager of the St. Charles theater, who booked young Golden for the princely salary of six dollars per week. This was in the fall of 1855, and the company opened the season at St. Louis in "The Hunch Back" with Miss Annette Inse as leading lady. Golden was assigned to take the character of "Holdwell." This was the beginning of his stage career and he made good from that minute, and remained with De Barr in New Orleans and St. Louis until the war broke out in i85i. He then came north and played in all the principal cities with marked success and was associated with many of the great actors of the time. He organized a traveling company, which he managed for several years. Later he took the management of Carter's play, "The Fast Mail," which he managed several years with great financial success. He has managed opera houses, and played entire seasons in no less than a dozen different large cities throughout the country. Mr. Golden was united in marriage, August 25, 1861, to Miss Emma Isabella Llewellyn, a native of St. Louis, Mo. Mrs. Golden was a talented actress and played with her husband in the principal cities of the United States for years, until on account of her health she was obliged to give up the stage. To Mr. and Mrs. Golden were born four children : Martin T., born at Cleveland, Ohio, May 30, 1862, a leading business man of New Harmony ; William E., born in New Harmony, June 9, 1865, a prominent educator of New York, and now principal of the Polytechnic Institute of that city ; Grace, born in the Fontleroy House, November 14, 1867, and died November 14, 1903. She was an operatic singer of National fame. Her untimely death was universally mourned and was a severe blow to her immediate family and many friends ; Frances Llewellyn, born Septem- ber 7, 1877, at New Harmony. She, too, is an accomplished actress, well known on the American stage. Mr. Golden is a member of the Catholic church. He has had an active and eventful career, filled with many fond recollections and very few regrets. He is now spending the peaceful days of a ripe old age surrounded by his loved ones and enjoying the present to the fullness thereof, as well as the pleasant memories of a life well spent.