Rush County, Indiana - Chapter 8: By John' Arnold, M. D, 1888 (part 4 of 5)

Dr. Horatio Gates Sexton was born in Wilbraham, Mass., January 21, 1796, and was the son of Da\-id Sexton, of that city. We are in possession of but few facts or incidents of his life prior to his emigration to the Western States. He had but few opportunities for education in early life, but, being fond of books he gradually grew into a taste for literature and professional learning. He came west in the capacity of a teacher, without fortune, friends or home; possessed as he was of an indomitable energy and an iron will, he sought his fortune in the then new country: in connection with teaching, he pursued the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. Cruikshank, of Harrison, Ohio; for his professional, as well as his literary education, he had to rely solely upon his own efforts; consequenth-, what he did was done well: about the year

1820, he went to Springboro, Warren Count}', Ohio, and located for the practice of his profession. During his sojourn at this place, he courted and married a Quaker girl, Hannah Pugh bv name, who, with her husband, removed to Rushville, Ind., in the year 1822. This marriage was blessed by twelve children, five of whom, Marshall, Rachel, Oliver, Sarah and Anna, still live. His second marriage was to Lucretia Cramer, of New York, and to this marriage three children were born, Cramer Sexton of Indianapolis being the only survivor. Dr. Sexton was amongst the very first physicians to locate in the place, which at this early date had but two years of life; it was all in the mud and brush, no roads, no houses, but the most primitive sort of cabins, and no heritage for its settlers but hard work and a scanty living; it took brave hearts to face such a prospect of life; but Dr. Sexton had the bravery and the will to pitch his tent under these most inauspicious circumstances; and the same energy and application to business which had impelled him to seek a home in the west won for him distinction and success in his profession and good name in his citizenship; forty-five years of professional toil and self-denial won for him a fortune and a competency second to no one in the county; his professional career was almost begun and ended in Rush County; he was a devotee to medicine, always keeping abreast of the times in the advancements made in his departments of science; he never let anything swerve him from the path of professional duty. Political distinction was at his bidding; lucrative offices were his at the asking, but all were refused that he might be devoted to his business; consequently he never held or sought a public office; he was a man pronounced in his opinions, political, religious and otherwise, but was never a bigot; his religious views and connections were with the Presbyterian Church, and he was one of the founders and most liberal supporters of the Church of that denomination in Rushville; was often solicited to become a Ruling Elder in the body and as often refused to be ordained to the office; he was for a great manj' years the teacher of the Bible class in the Sunday School, and was scarcely ever absent from his post of dut}^; many men now of mature years can testify to his skill and devotion as a teacher of the Bible; he was also a prominent man in the Masonic Fraternity; he was one of the earliest members of the American Medical Association, also of the Indiana State Medical Societj-, and was for a long series of years immediately preceding his death, the President of Rush Count}- Medical Society, to which he was very closely attached. The long friendship existing between Dr. Sexton and the writer [Dr. W. A. Pugh] makes it at once suitable and difficult to speak of his eminent virtues as a physician,

Christian and friend; as a physician, he was patient, toiling, attentive and conscientiously devoted to the care of the sick who came under his kindly ministrations; he loved his work and was never so happy as when busy at it, even keeping it up for years, when, phj'sically, he was really not able to perform the hardships; but he always said he wished to die with the harness on. As a Christian he was devout, quiet and unostentatious; he loved his Church and contributed freely of his means to support it, and gave freely of his counsels for its advancement; he was always in his place in the house of worship, except when kept awa}' b}' the most urgent business; he made no displa}^ of his piet}-, but was constant in his devotion to the cause of his Master; when laid upon the bed which proved to be the last one, his religious emotions became much more pronounced, and his piety which had been quiet, now became lively, and his religious sentiments which had been tranquil and serene, became joyous and outspoken. He died June 13, 1S65, full of honor, full of years and full of hopes of the religion he professed.

Marshall Sexton, M. D., a prominent physician of Rushville, was born in that place, January 29, 1823. He was the son of Horatio G. Sexton, one of the pioneers of Rush County. He was reared in Rushville, and there attended the public school. At seventeen he entered Hanover College, where he completed the Sophomore year. He then began the study of medicine with his father. In the fall of 1842, he entered the Ohio Medical College, from which he graduated in March, 1844. He then entered upon the practice of his profession with his father, in Rush\-ille, and continued with him ten j^ears. Since then he has continued alone. During the late war he was the Surgeon of the Fifty-second Indiana Regiment, until in the spring of 1S63, when he resigned owing to the impaired state of his health. As soon as he regained his health, he resumed his practice in w-hich he has since been extensively and successfully engaged. His marriage occurred in Wilmington, Ohio, in May, 1844, when Miss E. S. Brooks became his wife. They are the parents of foin- children : Louise, the wife of George Havens, Ruby H., Sally M., the wife of Dr. Parsons, and Dr. John C, who is associated with his father in the practice of medicine. The Doctor is a member of the G. A. R., and the present Commander of the Rushville Post. Politically, he is a pronounced Republican. He is a member of the County, State and National Medical associations. He served as President of the State Medical Society one year. He has always enjoj'ed a liberal practice and is the leading surgical practitioner of the countv.

and was the son of Horatio G. Sexton, who was a native of Massachusetts, and emigrated to the west in the year 1818 or 1S19. His mother's maiden name was Hannah Pugh; she was of Welsh extraction on the paternal side of the family- Leonidas Sexton's education was begun in the primitive schools of his native town. In 1S42, he, with several other boys of his age, was placed in a Latin school, taught by the Rev. D. M. Stewart, at his private residence in Rushville. His primarv education having been deficient, and not being prepared to begin a collegiate course, he entered the primary department of Hanover College in the fall of 18^3. After remaining there one term, he returned to his home for the winter, where he remained until the spring of 1844, when he was placed as a pupil in Miami University-, at Oxford, Ohio, where he stayed through the Freshman year, and made rapid progress. He, however, became dissatisfied with his instructors, and, in company with John R. Irvin, of Ohio, went to Jefferson College, at Cannonsburg, Pa. In this college he exhibited some of the adroitness which, in after years, characterized him as a lawyer. In changing from Miami University to Jefferson College, he entered the Junior class, thus skipping the Sophomore year. He graduated from this college in June, 1S47, and in the winter of the same year was placed on contest by the Franklin Literary Society, as Essayist, and won the prize. He was very popular with the bo3-s, as well as the professors, of the college. The class with which he graduated consisted of sixty members: twelve afterward became lawyers; twenty-four, ministers and teachers; and the remainder chose other occupations and professions. All through his college course, Mr. Sexton's predilection was toward law as his profession, but having misgivings as to his ability to become an extemporaneous speaker, he hesitated as to his choice. After returning home, he at once entered his father's office as a student of medicine. After studying Bell's Anatomy for some time, he indignantlv cast it aside and took up Blackstone in its place. He entered with great zeal upon the study of law (in the office of Judge A. W. Hubbard, in the latter part of 1847,) in which he afterward became so distinguished. The following winter he attended lectures in the law school at Cincinnati, Ohio. As soon as his professional education was completed, he opened a law office in Rushville, but business not coming in as fast as his ardent nature desired, he changed his location to Kokomo, Ind. After a very short stay there, he "pulled up stakes" and returned to the place of his nativity. Here he entered into partnership with his former preceptor, A. W. Hubbard, from which time he grew rapidly in favor as a lawyer, and became a man of prominence at the Bar. On the first of September, 1851, lie was married to Miss Lydia A. Warner, daughter of John Warner, who resided at Hatfield, Mass. Mjss Warner was one of the cheeriest of women, and made her home one of sunshine and happiness. -They had three daughters, two of whom yet survive: Mrs. Z. E. Mauzv and Mrs. S. W. McMahan. In the autumn of 1856, Mrs. Sexton was called to rest, leaving a home desolate. November 2, 1S58, Mr. Sexton was married to a most estimable lad\- of his o\\'n town. Miss Anna Hunt, who was born near Paducah. Kv., October 9, 1S36. She was the daughter of James and Sarah (Bell) Hunt, natives of Tennessee and Kentucky, rcspectivelv. They had four children, two sons and two daughters, only one of whom. Gates, a son, yet survives. He is a lawyer and newspaper man in Rushville and lives with his mother. Mr. Sexton died at Parsons, Kas., after a brief illness, whilst on a visit to friends, July 4, 1S80. His first political fight was for a seat in the Legislature of. Indiana, in 1856, which he successfully contested. He was elected a member of the Fortj'-fifth Congress, o\'er L. J. Woolen and William L. Wright, but was defeated for the Fortv-sixth Congress by Jeptha D. New. Mr. Sexton had the honor of being the only nati^-e-born Representative in Congress that Rush County ever produced. Sociall}', he was a man of many acquaintances, and almost every man was his friend who was his ac(|uaintance. He was a very close student, and gave his extra time to books until his political life began. He occupied high and exalted positions in both the Masonic and Odd Fellow fraternities. He was elected Lieutenant Governor, being the only one elected on the Republican ticket. Mr. Sexton had a genial nature, a kind heart, a benevolent disposition and a public spirited mind. In the Presbyterian Church, of which he was a member, he alwa^'s gave liberally, and was much concerned for its prosperity and usefulness. He was a zealous ^vorker in the Sunday School, and when at home never missed either the Sundaj' School or public service. Few men of his age attained so much distinction. No man of Rush Count}' has equalled him.

Dr. John Chase Sexton, a prominent young physician of Rushville, was born Januar}- 21, 1S59. -'^^ ^^''^^ ^^e son of Dr. Marshall Sexton, a biography of whom appears above. He graduated in the Rushville High School in the Class of 1876. In September, 1876, he entered Hanover College, where he nearly -completed the Junior year. Pie then returned home and entered upon the study of medicine with his father. In October, 1880, he entered the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, where he graduated in March, 1882. Immediately afterward he began the practice of medicine with his father, with whom he has since continued. He was married September 27, 1882, to Miss Hannah Cullen, only child of Judg'e William A. Cullen, of Rushville. Their union has resulted in the birth of one child, Frances E., born January 28, 1886. He is a member of the Sons of Veterans Order, of Rushville, and a Republican in politics.

John Lemmox Shauck, ex-County Superintendent, is a native of the village of Shaucks, Morrow Count}', Ohio, born September 8, 1848. He was the eleventh of fourteen children, six sons and eight daughters, born to William H. and Mar}' A. Shauck, the former a native of York County, Pa., and the latter a native of Marvland, both of Swiss descent. His paternal grandparents were John and Rebecca (Lemmon) Shauck, both natives of Maryland. The former was a Major in the Revolutionary War. He located in Morrow County, Ohio, in 1814, and was therefore one of the earliest settlers of that county. It was he for whom the village of Shauck was named. He also served in the War of 1812. His trade was that of a mill-wright. The subject of this sketch was reared upon a farm in his native county. At sixteen years of age he entered Otterbein University of Westerville, Ohio, from which institution he gratuated in 1871. In the meantime he had taken up the vocation of a teacher. In the spring of 1872, he came to Rush County, and he has been conspicuously identified with the school work of the county ever since. After teaching a number of terms in the district school, he, in the spring of 1879, was selected to take charge of the Raleigh Schools of this county, a position he filled in a very creditable manner, until the time of his first election to the office of Countv Superintendent, which occurred in June, 1881. He was re-elected to that position in June, 1883, and again re-elected in June, 1885. He has just now completed his third term or a period of six years. In that capacity he has made an efiicient officer and one conscientious in the discharge of his duty. His marriage to Emma J. McMillin occurred April 17, 1877. She was the daughter of John T. and Nancy (Pentecost) McMillin, of Union Township. Their union resulted in the birth of five children: Albert Gus, born March 9, 1878; Norah, born October 30, 1879; Mary, born March 31, 1883; and Bernice and Beatrice (twins), born December 31, 1885, Beatrice, died March 10, 1886, and Bernice July 26, 1886. On the istday of November, 18S6, the hand of death deprived Mr. Shauck of his devoted wife. He is a member of the Christian Church, the K. of P. Lodge, and a Republican in politics.

was the fourth of six children - three sons and three daughters - born to John M. and Sarah (Parrish) Shawhan, natives of Kentucky and Ohio, respectively. His paternal grandparents were Daniel and Mar}' Shawhan, who were among the early settlers of Rush County. His maternal grandfather was Zachariah Parrish. His two brothers were Joseph N. and Garrett B., the former of whom is deceased. His three sisters were Phebe J., Mary E. and Elsie A., of whom the first is deceased. Our subject was reared upon liis father's farm in this county. He continued with his father until the latter's death which occurred March i, iS66. After this event Mr. Shawhan continued to reside with his mother upon the old home farm until 1876. His marriage occurred on the 26th da}" of August of 1872, in Emporia, County, Kan., when Miss Ilattie Rush became his wife. She is a native of the city of New York, born December 16, 1852. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Shawhan continued to reside upon the old homestead of the former in Washington Township. In November, 1876, they'removed to a farm one mile and a half east of Rushville, which farm Mr. Shawhan still has in his possession. In November, 1881, he moved his family to Rush\ille, and since they have occupied their present handsome residence at No.' 106 North Morgan Street. In addition to his farming, Mr. Shawhan has won an en\-iable reputation as a breeder of fine stock and trainer of fast horses. He has kept his farm well-stocked with excellent breeds of cattle, sheep and hogs, and his reputation as a breeder and trainer of fast horses is not confined to the State. He enjovs the credit of raising and training the noted trotting mare, Elsie Good, \\'hose record was 2:22^^2 and which he sold in Januar}% 1876, for $5,000. Mr. and Mrs. Shawhan are the parents of six children as follows : John M., Maggie F., Helen M., Edwin N., Anna L. and an infant son, unnamed. Mrs. Shawhan is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Shawhan is a member of the Masonic Fraternity and a staunch Democrat in politics. Besides his residence property in Rushville, Mr. Shawhan owns a good farm of 106 acres, nearly all of which is in a high state of cultivation.

Michael M. Simms, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Bourbon County, Ky., September 9, 1837. He was the second of three children - two sons and one daughter - born to Craven and Amanda (Smith) Simms, both natives of Kentucky, the former of Scotch-Irish, and the latter of German descent. His paternal grandparents were John and Nellie Simms, both natives of Virginia. His maternal grandparents were Michael and Nancy Smith. His brother and sister were John T. and Cravana, of whom the former is deceased. When he was twelve years old he accompanied his mother and stepfather to Rush County, and located with them in Rushville Township, where his youth was spent upon a farm. When he became of age he took up the vocation of a farmer for himself, and thus continued in Rushville Township until 1868, when he removed to a farm in Walker Township. In 1873, he moved his family to Rushville, in which place he has ever since resided. Since then his attention has been given to the management of his farming interests in the vicinity of Rushville. He was married September 24, 1868, to Miss Jennie A. Taylor, a native of Walker Township, this countv, born September 25, 1852, and daughter of Thomas and Emily (Cassidy) Taj'lor, both natives of Fleming Countv, Kv- Her mother was the daughter of Francis and Jane (Inlow) Cassidy, both natives of Kentucky, of Irish descent. Francis Cassidy was the son of Capt. Cassidy, a noted frontiersman and Indian fighter of Kentucky, and who afterward served as a member of the Legislature in that State. Mr. and Mrs. Simms are the parents of two children : Daisy F., born April 17, 1873, and Eva, born December 24, 1884, both of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. Simms are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics, the former is a Republican. Besides his handsome residence property in Rushville, Mr. Simms is the owner of a good farm in Center Township, to the management of which his whole attention is given.

Benjamin L. Smith, a prominent attorney of Rushville, was born in Union Township, this county, November 29, 1835. He is the son of Ebenezer and Polly A. (Hadden) Smith, who settled in Rush Countv in 1834. Mr. Smith lived on a farm until 1853, when he entered Asbury University at Greencastle, and there obtained a classical education. Upon the completion of his university course he commenced the study of law in the office of Delaney R. Eckles, at Greencastle, and a year later was admitted to the Putnam County Bar. The practice of his profession was at once begun at Columbus, Ind., and there continued until July, 1862, when he enlisted as a private in Company D, Sixty-seventh Indiana Volunteers. His abilities were such that he soon became Second Lieutenant, then First Lieutenant, and at length Captain of his company, which rank he held when mustered out at the close of the war. When his country no longer demanded his services he immediately returned to the practice of his profession, but choosing a new field of labor remained for two years in the city of New Orleans. In March, 1867, he returned to the north and settled in Rushville, where he has since been an honored and successful member of the Bar. He was first married July 29, 1858, to Laura Reynolds, daughter of Joshua and Diana Reynolds, then of Co- lumbus, Ind. Mrs. Smith died June 30, 1S71, leaving one child, a daugliter, Cora E. The second marriage of Mr. Smith was consummated November 4, 1873, ^vhen Alice W. Wilson, daughter of the pioneers, Wilham and Elizabeth Wilson, became his wife. This union has been blessed with two children: Donald L. and Erema P., both of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Presbvterian Church. The former is a member of the F. & A. M., K. of P., and G. A. R. lodges, a Director in the Rush Count\- National Bank, and in politics a Democrat. He is a man of affairs with a diversity of talent that has given him an enviable reputation not limited by the confines of his own count}-. In recognition of his mental and moral worth, Gov. Graj- appointed Mr. Smith President of the Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at Knightstown, Ind., and the wisdom of the Governor's choice has been amph' proved. In July, 1886, the buildings of the institution were destroved by fire, and with laudable zeal and public spirit, without awaiting the action of the Legislature respecting the appropriations that might be necessary to defray the expenses incurred, Mr. Smith and his associates at once commenced and vigorouslyprosecuted the work of reconstruction. The importance of the work done by Mr. Smith and his especial fitness therefor, are recognized b}- all patriotic citizens, and it is gratifying to know that the meed of praise which is so justly his due, is not being withheld.

Jesse J. Spann. - Prominent among the deceased members of the Rush Count}- Bar, is Hon. Jesse J. Spann. He was born in Madison, Ind., in 1843, and died in Rushville, Ind., February 22, 1887. When a small boy his father died, and in the course of time his mother married again. Soon afterward the family removed to Shelbvville, Ind., where Mr. Spann spent his bo}hood and youth, receiving a limited education. Thev removed from Shelbyville to Rock Island, Ills., and Mr. Spann was emplo\ed in coal mining and steam-boating until the breaking out of the war in April, 1861, when he entered the service as a private in one of the Illinois regiments. Immediately after the expiration of his term of three months, he entered the service as a private in the Fourth Illinois Cavahy, and served in that regiment for three and one-half 3-ears. While in the service he participated in the battles of Belmont, Forts Donaldson and Henry, Shiloh and Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg, and a great many minor engagements. He was as good and brave a soldier as ever lived, so they say who served with him. After the close of the war he paid Capt. P. J. Beachbard, of tliis cit}' a visit, and while here resolved to make Rushville his future home. This was in the fall of 1864. Shortly after locating here he engaged in the grain and mercantile business, and continued in that business until 1870. He then began the study of law in the otfice of John W. Study, and in the fall of 1S71 was admitted to the Bar. His success as a lawyer was almost phenomenal, and took front rank almost from the beginning among the ablest men of the Bar. His services were always in demand in important jury cases, both civil and criminal. In 1880, he was elected to the Indiana State Senate for a term of four 3'ears, representing the Counties of Rush, Fayette and Union. He was considered the leader on the Republican side. After the expiration of his term in the Senate, he was actively engaged in the practice of his profession, until within six weeks of his death. His last great speech was made in the "Kennedy Murder Trial." In December, 1S65, he was married to Miss Jerusha Pugh, daughter of the late Rue Pugh, Esq. To this union were born three daughters, namely: Permelia A., Jessie E., and Winifred Pugh, all of whom are living with their mother, who resides in a comfortable house on Ruth Street.

Charles S. Spritz was born in the city of Cincinnati, October 23, 1S57, being the son of Harris and Sarah (Strouse) Spritz, the former a native of Poland, and the latter a native of Bavaria. His boyhood and youth were spent in Cincinnati, where he attended school, and at the age of fourteen he entered the clothing business in the capacity of a clerk. At nineteen he was promoted to the position of book-keeper for his employers, and thus continued three years. In July, 1879, he entered the law office of S. F. Car}^, where he was a student at law until in Ma}^ of 1880, and during that time he also attended law-school in Cincinnati. He was admitted to the Bar in the spring of 18S0, and went to Indianapolis where he entered into a law partnership with C. P. Jacobs. He continued to practice his profession three 3'ears, after which he returned to Cincinnati and took a position as book-keeper in a wholesale clothing house. In August, 1886, he came to Rushville and engaged in mercantile pursuits in partnership with John A. Walsh, the firm name being Spritz & Walsh. He was married October 23, 1 88 1, to Tillie Levy, of Cincinnati, and by her he has two children : Ruth and Sylvia. Our subject is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, and a Denlocrat in politics.

John A. Spurrier, jeweler, was born in Morristown, Shelby County, Ind., February 17, 1847. He w^as the oldest of seven children, three sons and four daughters, born to Joseph and Cynthia A. (Holden) Spurrier, who now reside in Arlington, this county. His early life was chiefly spent in his native town where he attended school in winter, and indulged in the pastimes incident to youth in summer. At the age of seventeen he began the study of music, and after three years of close application he became a teacher of both vocal and instrumental music, in which capacity he continued for about fifteen years. In the meantime he came to Rushville, in 1873, a resident of which he has been eyer since. On the 1st day of August, 1883, he purchased the jewelry and music store he now owns, and to it his entire attention has been giyen eyer since. He was married Jul}' 7, 186S, to Mary Agnes Daile\', a native of Fayette Count}-, Ind., born October i, 1851. She was the daughter of Dr. Jesse and Miriam (Gray) Dailey, both of whom are natives of Fayette County, Ind., where thev still reside. Mr. and Mis. Spurrier are the parents of five children, as follows: Lowell M., born September 11, 1869; Leona May, born March 29, 1872; Ida A., born September i, 1878; Whitelaw Reid, born November 22, 1880, and Hazel D., born January 24, 1886. Our subject, his wife and two eldest children are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Spurrier is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, and, in politics, he is a Democrat. He is an enterprising, progressive and reliable business man.

Simeon H. Stewart, an enterprising farmer, was born in Rush County, February 2, 1826, the son of Thomas and Caroline (West) Stewart, and is of English descent. His father was born in Kentucky, and died in Hamilton County, Ind., in 1862. His mother was also a Kentuckian, and died in Rush County about 1863. Our subject was the third of eleven children, five of whom are living. He was raised on a farm, and it was then known as the woods of the township. He was a student at the Webb school house. He began working for himself at the age of twenty-six years. He settled where he now lives in 1854. He owns ninet}-- three acres of land in this county, and eightv-two acres in Hamilton County, and also some property in Circleville. August 23, 1S54, Mr. Stewart was married to Miss Charlotte T. Xewbold. who was born in this county in November, 1S33, the daughter of Francis and Elizabeth Newbold. Her father was born in Virginia, and died in this township in 1854. ^^^- "^"^ Mrs. Stewart were blessed with eight children, viz.: Robert F., Sidney C, Armilda, Cynthia B., L^'sander W., iVlonzo L., Marshall, and Fannie. Mr. Stewart is a staunch Republican, and has always showed an active interest in that part}'. In 1880, he was elected Justice of the Peace, and served four years. The entire family are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Stewart has resided in this county sixt)-- one }'ears, while his wife has resided here for fifty-four years.

John W. Study, attorney, was born in Randolph County, Ind., September 19, 1844. He is the son of Levi and Sarah (I3allenger) Study, natives of Maryland and Virginia, respectively, the former of German, and the latter of English descent. He was reared upon a farm in his native count}-. At the age of eighteen lie began teaching school, and taught two winters. In April, 1S64, he entered Companj^ F, One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Indiana Regiment, with which he served about six months. For two years following this he was emplo3'ed by the Pennsyh'ania Central Railroad Co., in different capacities. In the latter part of 1S67, he entered upon the study of law and engaged in the insurance business in Union City, Ind., in which two capacities he continued until the spring of 1869, when he went to Centerville, Waj-ne Co., and there he studied law in the office of Henry C. Fox, nine months. He then came to Rushville, and here he has given his entire attention to the practice of law. His marriage occurred April 20, 1S70, when Miss Sue Brown became his wife. By her he has had four children: Winslow, Corrv, Woody, and Charles B., of whom, Winslow and Corry are dead. In politics, Mr. Study is an ardent Republican, and takes a lively interest in the success of his party. Alfred Sw.mn, one of Rush County's old pioneers, and an honored and worthy citizen of Rushville, was born in Union Co., Ind., September 22, 1825. He was the youngest of four children, three sons and one daughter, born to Thomas and Lydia (Folger) Swain, both natives of North Carolina, of EngHsh descent. His father was the son of Joseph and Jedidah (Mac}') Swain, both natives of Nantucket Island. His mother was the "daughter of Latham and Matilda (Worth) Folger, both of whom were also born on Nantucket Island. His two brothers were Franklin F. and Alonzo, both of whom are deceased. His sister's name is Elvira, who is now the widow of Isaac Barnard, and resides in Clarke Co., Iowa. When he was seven years old, his parents removed to Rush County and located in the woods of Posey Township, where our subject spent his boyhood and early A'outh assisting to clear and cultivate his father's farm. His mother died when he was eight years old, after which he continued with his father upon the farm until the latter's death, wl>ich occurred January 7, 1846. For about six years thereafter our subject w-as variously employed, but chiefly as a farnvhand and as a clerk. In January, 1852, he engaged in general merchandising in Manilla, this county. On the 31st day of December, 1852, he had the misfortune of having his store and entire stock destroyed by fire, a loss which Mr. Swain sorely felt, as it was wholly uninsured. For some four or five years thereafter he was engaged as salesman in a store at Manilla, and otherwise emplo}'ed, after which he spent a period of about five years upon the old homestead, in Posey Township. In 1864, he opened up a country store in Posey Township, which he conducted about four years and a half. He then removed to Arlington, where his attention was given to mercantile pursuits until 1874. ^" January, 1875, he came to Rushville, a resident of which he has been ever since. For about se\-en years after locating here he dealt in lumber. Since iSSi, he has had no regular pursuit, but has been leading the life of a retired citizen. His first marriage occurred September 16, 1852, when Miss Laurinda Barnard became his \vife. She was born in Union Co., Ind., July 17, "1825, and was the daughter of Jethro and Sally (Gardner) Barnard, both natives of North Carolina. Mrs. Laurinda Swain died March 18, 1874, and August I, 1875, Mr. Swain was married to Miss Rhoda E. Barnard, a younger sister of his first wife, who was born in Union County, this State, April 3, 1837. Mr. Swain's first marriage resulted in the birth of three children, as follows: Alva H., born April 26, 1854; Clara E., born October 30, 1856, and Rosa E., born July 15, 1S59, died August 23, 1S63. Mr. and Mrs. Swain are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The former has been a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge over thirty-five years. In politics, he is an ardent Republican. His first presidential vote was cast for Martin Van Buren in 1848. Since 1856, he has been an ardent supporter of the principles of the Republican party. He served as Assessor of Posey Township one term, and served this count}' as Real Estate Appraiser, one term.

Daniel L. Thomas was born in Walker Township, this count}', March 9, 1S42. He was the third of fi\e children - four sons and one daughter - born to George and Sidney (Walker) Thomas, both natives of Lewis County, Ky. The former, who was the son of Daniel and Mary (McQueen ) Thomas, was born in November, 1S05. The latter was the daughter of William and Margaret (Elliott) Walker, and was born March 5, 1807. His parents were married in their nati\-e county October 9, 1828. In October, 1832, they came to Rush County and located upon a farm in Walker Township, where both spent the rest of their lives, the father dying October 31, 1S63, and the mother February 24, 1884. The three brothers of our subject William W., born in Lewis County, Ky., November 16, 1829, died in Plattsmouth, Neb., September 8, 1857; George W., born July 15, 1844, and John Q., born August 18, 1845. His sister's name is Mary M., who was born April 9, 183S, married to William M. Alexander, in 1861. Our subject was reared upon a farm in Walker Township. At the age of nineteen he entered the Northwestern Christian University, of Indianapolis, and attended during the session of 1S61 and "62. In August, 1862, he entered the service of the Union Army, in Company D, Sixty-eighth Indiana Infantry, with which he served until the close of the war. He participated in the battle of Chickamauga, during which, on the 20th daj^ of September, 1S63, he was wounded by a cannon ball that rebounded from the ground and struck him upon the right shoulder, which rendered him unfit for duty until in April, 1864, when he rejoined his regiment and served until the close of the war. For two years following the war Mr. Thomas was engaged at_ farming in Walker Township. In the fall of 1S67 he re-entered the University at Indianapolis, where he completed a full classical course, graduating in 1871. From 1871 to 1874 he was engaged in the ministry of the Christian Church, and during a portion of the time was stationed at Leavenworth, Kans. In 1874, he entered the law department of the Northwestern Christian Universitv, from which he graduated in 1875. Since then the chief occupation of Mr. Thomas has been that of a farmer and breeder of hne stock. He was married, October 12, 1865, to Amanda C. Moore, daughter of Presley and Rhoda (English) Moore, both natives of Bath County, Ky. She was born in Rushville Township, this county, June 11, 1843. Fler parents were married in their native county, in 1822, and came to Rush Countv in 1833. Our subject and his wife are faithful members of the Christian Church. The former is a mefnbey of the Masonic Fraternitj', the G. A. R. and the K. of L. orders, and in politics he has heretofore affiliated with the Republican party. In more recent years Mr. Thomas has given considerable attention to the raising of tine stock, and in this connection he has won an enviable reputation. He has also gained considerable reputation as a writer, and at present he is editor of TAc Hog; a journal devoted to swine, and which is published in Chicago semi-monthly. He is at present President of the Indiana Trotting and Pacing Horse Breeders' Association, and he is Vice-President of the National Swine Breeders' Association. He is an enterprising and progressive man.

William E. Wallace, one of the proprietors of the Rushville yacksoiu'aii, was born in Rushville, August 29, 1S51. His j^arents were Thomas and Eliza Wallace, the former of whom was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, October 8, 1810, and the latter at Lawrenceburg, Ind., September 3, 18 19. They were married in May, 1837. Thomas Wallace served an apprenticeship at the printer's trade in Cincinnati, Ohio, and, after completing it, he came to Rushville, where he engaged in the publication of the Whig; in companv with Samuel Davis, a brother-in-law. He was one of the pioneer editors of the county, and was a man with large influence for good. He served as County Treasurer two terms, and then resumed the newspaper business, which he continued until 1861. In that year he enlisted in the Union Armv, but his death occurred in 1862, after only a few months' service. William E. is the fourth in a family of seven children. After his father's death, he made his home with an uncle, J. D. Carmichael, in Indianapolis, where he attended for a time the public schools. On account of his health, he was compelled to relinquish his studies, and he returned to his home in Rushville. He began the printing business in the oliice of Conde & Shumm, a business that has been his almost constant vocation from that time to this. In December, 1872, with Mr. Conde, he commenced publishing the yackumiaii. which had been suspended about six months. In July, of the following year, the interest of Conde was purchased by George H. Puntennev, and the firm of Puntenney & Wallace has very successfully continued the publication of the Jacksonian to the present time. April 7, 1874, Mr. Wallace was united in matrimony to Clara E. Miner. Of their four children, but two survived the mother, who died June 29, 1884. For his second wife, Mr. Wallace married Lizzie E. Moffett, daughter of Theophilus Moffett, of Rushville.

John A. Walsh was born in Cincinnati, July 26, 1S63. He was the son of John W. and Emma (Kendall) Walsh, the former a native of Ireland, and the latter a native of England. He was reared in his native city, during which time he attended the public school. At the age of seventeen he entered the clothing business and followed the cutting trade until he reached the age of twent\--three. In x^ugust, 1 886, he came to Rushville, where he has since been one of the proprietors of a clothing and gents' furnishing store. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, and in politics, is a Democrat.

Isaac Webb, one of the leading farmers of Rushville Township, was born where he now resides, April 8, 1841, and is the youngest son of five living children, born to Cuthbert and Hannah (Knotts) Webb, and is of English descent. Cuthbert Webb was born in Virginia, September 17, 1801, and was the ninth in a family of twelve children, and was a son of Cuthbert and Polly (Jerral) Webb. The family on coming to America first settled in New England and then removed to Virginia, and were among the pioneers of that old commonwealth, and later, the family came westward and settled in Ohio. The family came to Rush County as early as 1821, and first settled in Posey Township, and five years later removed to Rushville Township, where the father of Isaac Webb, at a good old age died, respected by all who knew him. He was a pioneer of Rush County. He was in the active days of his life one of the most industrious and energetic men the county ever had. In politics, he was an ardent Republican, having formerly been an old time Whig. The mother of Isaac Webb was born in Delaware, Maj- 10, 1804, and died in Rush County, July 18, 1S68.

The subject here treated was raised on the old Webb homestead where he now hves. He was a pupil at the country schools, and took up the business of life for himself at twenty years of age. His occupation is that of a farmer, and in 1S71 he settled where he now lives, and owns 160 acres of well improved land. His marriage occurred August 31, 1S65, to Miss Margaret E. Ellison, who died Februar}' 27, 1SS4. To that marriage are tliese children, viz. : Larue, bom Alay 15, 1869; Guy, born August 4, 1S73; Carl, born July 25, 187S, and Chester, born August 27, 1S80. Mr. Webb was united in marriage, February 17, 1SS6, to Miss Mary M. Lowe, born April 25, 1854, '^^ Clarksburg, Decatur County, Ind. She is a daughter of William and Fannie (Pritchard) Lowe. Her father was born in Virginia in 1810, and died in 1878, at Marysville, Mo., and the mother of Mrs. Webb was born in Kentucky in 182 1, and now resides in Decatur County, Ind. To this second marriage relation is one child, viz. : Norah, born November 14, 1886. Politically, Mr. Webb is a firm friend of the Republican party and cast his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln. Mrs. Webb is a member of the Christian Church.

Nath.\n Weeks, Treasurer of Rush County, was born in Henry County, Indiana, March 19, 1841. He was the son of Benjamin and Winnifred (Copeland) Weeks( both natives of North Carolina, the former of English descent. He was reared upon a farm in his native count3^ In September, 1S61, he enlisted in Company D, Thirt\^-sixth Indiana Volunteers, with which he served until the battle of Shiloh, when, upon the last day of the fight, he was wounded with a ball in the left thigh. After lying on the battlefield three daj's, he was placed upon a boat that brought him to Evansville, thence to his home in Henry County. He had regained the use of his limb at the expiration of nine months, and he then engaged in the harness business in Greensboro, Henry Co. He continued in that business in that place and Cadiz, Henrv Co., until 1873, when he came to Carthage, this county, and there conducted a meat market four years. In 1S77, he opened a meat market in Rushville, which he conducted about nine years. In the fall of 1886, he was elected by the Republicans to the office of County Treasurer, and assumed the duties of that position December i, 1 886. He was married October 4, 1863, to Martha C. C. Macy, who was born in North Carolina in 1843, and daughter of Lorenzo Dow and Rachel (Rogers ) Macy, the former a native of Nantucket Island, and the latter a native of North Carolina. Mr. Weeks is the father of two children: Ulysses L. and George F., both living. Mr. and Mrs. Weeks are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The former is a member of the I. O. O. F., the G. A. R.,

Dr. James E. Welliver is a native of Butler Countv. Ohio, born August 8, 1851. He was the son of P.J. B. and Elizabeth M. (Everson) Welliver, both of whom were also natives of ]3utler Countv, Ohio. His parents still continue to reside in their native countv. Our subject was reared upon the farm. At eighteen he began teaching school, having attended previous to this, the Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio, one year. In the fall of 1870, he entered Mt. Union College, of Mt. Union, Ohio, w^hich institution he attended, and taught school alternately, until the spring of 1873. He left college just a few months before completing the classical course, to take a position in the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, at Pittsburg. At the end of seven months, he took a position as Instructor in the Western Pennsylvania Reform School, of Pittsburg, where he remained one year. Returning home he taught school one winter. In the spring of 1875, he began the study of medicine at Hamilton, Ohio, in the office of Dr. W. E. Carnahan. After studying one year with him, he studied for the same length of time with Dr. Charles E. Walton, of Hamilton, Ohio. During those two years, he took two courses of lectures in the Pulte Medical College, Cincinnati, from which he graduated in January, 1877. He there became thoroughly acquainted with the Homeopathic school of medicine. In February, 1S77, became to Rushy ille and entered upon the practice of his profession. At the end of one year he was appointed to a position in the Indiana Reform School. After being there one year he was made Assistant Superintendent, and the Physician of that school, a position he resigned in May, 1882, when he returned to Rushville, and here he has since been actively engaged in the practice of his profession. His marriage occurred in Somerset, Pennsylvania, ^lay 13, 1880, when Anna Kimmel became his wife. She was the daughter of Charles and Harriet P. Kimmel. They are the parents of three children: Rupert K., Elizabeth M. and James E., all living. The Doctor is a member of the Royal Arcanum, of which he is Examining Physician. In politics, he is a Democrat. He is a successful practitioner and enjoys a liberal patronage.

Lewis Erwin Wixsmip, a native of Fayette County, Ind., was born November 27, 1820, is a son of Jesse and Celia (Lefforge) Winship, and of English descent. His father was born in New York, April 23, 1787, where he grew to manhood and learned the trade of boot and shoe maker. He was a son of Jabez L. Winship, a native of England, and who emigrated to America prior to the War of the Revolution, took sides with the Colonies and served as an officer under Washington throughout that struggle for freedom, and subsequently settled on the Susquehanna river, in New York, and engaged in business as a tavern keeper. The mother of Lewis E. Winship was born in New Jersey in 1793, and died June 10, 1854, ^^^ ^^'^'' husband following her in November of the same year. Both were members of the Regular Baptist Church, and were extensively known for their upright and moral lives. The subject of this biography is the fifth in a family of ten children, and his j'outh was spent on his father's farm, in xYnderson Township, where the family settled as early as 1S21. At the pioneer school house, he obtained a fair knowledge of the common branches. Mr. Winship was married June 14, 1S50, to Miss Mary Jane Bennette (daughter of Jesse and Elizabeth Bennette, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Ohio), born September 21, 1827, and died June 13, 1S51, and Mr. Winship was married March 10, 1853, to Miss Margaret Ruddell, who was born in Decatur Count}^ March 10, 1830. To the last named marriage are these five children: Albert Locke, born 1854; Augustus Miller, born 1855; Mattie, born 1858, and died in 1871; Lillie, born i860, and Jennie, born 1 8 70. B}' occupation Mr. Winship is a farmer, and now owns about 1,200 acres of well improved land and is considered one of the leading farmers and financiers of the county. At eighteen 5-ears of age Mr. Winship became a member of the Baptist Church, but since 1848, he has been connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church, his wife being a member of the same church. In politics, this man was formerly a Whig, but since the institution of the Republican party, he has been its steadfast friend. Mr. AVinship is widely known, and an earnest. Christian gentleman.

Jesse T. Wixship, one of the leading farmers of this county, was born in Boone County, Ind-, July 9, 1839, son of Jabez and Margaret (Evans) Winship. His father, a native of Fayette County, Ind., was born February- 4, 181 5, and died in Rushville, November 10, 1885. His mother was a native of Nicholas County, Ky., and died in Boone County, Ind., about 1841. The immediate subject of this sketch is the eldest son of seven children, five of whom are now living. In 1844, Mr. Winship came to this county and here attended the public schools. He has always followed the vocation of a farmer, and in January, 1S66, settled where he now lives, and owns 135 acres of valuable land. Mr. Winship was married April 12, 1866, to Miss Nancy C. Wright, born in this county in 1846, daughter of Silas and Caroline Wright. They were the parents of one daughter. Pearl, born January 31, 1870. Mrs. Winship died August 25, 1S87. Mr. Winship is a Democrat, and in 1861 was made a member of Lodge No. 139, F. & A. M.

Albert L. Wixship. - Among the present well situated and most successful farmers and stock-raisers of Rush County, is the subject of our sketch, who was bom in this county June 3, 1854. He is the eldest of five children of Lewis E. and Margaret (Ruddle) Winship, and is of English descent. He was raised on the farm and received a common school education. He began life for himself at the age of twenty }ears, and settled where he now lives in 1876, at which time his father gave him 120 acres of land: he has added 186 acres of land to this. He now owns 306 acres of the best improved land of Rush County. Mr. Winship is a good business man and a very prosperous farmer. He was married December 23, 1S75, f^he bride being Miss Lizzie Moor, who was born in this county May i, 1859, '^ daughter of Artemus and Eunice Moor. Mr. and Mrs. Winship have been blessed with six children, viz.: Elsie, born October 12, 1876; Frederick, born November 30, 1878: Charles, born September 14, 1880; Earl, born January 14, 1882, and William and Lillie, born January 8, 1884. Politically, Mr. Winship is a staunch Republican, and takes an active interest in the affairs of that party; he cast his first presidential vote for R. B. Haves. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Winship is a representative of one of the first families of Rush County.

Lieut. Col. Joel Wolf, deceased. - The time comes in every man's life when he is tested, and if the true ring of the pure metal comes out, he survives in the memory of man; if not, he is forgotten with the vast throng of the unknown. When the tocsin sounded; when the question arose between loyalty and disloyalty; when the destin}^ of the Nation hung upon the seemingly doubtful response of the people in 1861, Joel Wolf did not hesitate to sacrifice everything and leave the societv of home and friends, to answer his country's call. He was born in Scott County, Ky., October 17, 1S09, and was the son of Conrad Wolf, a native of Pennsylvania, and Sarah (Miller) Wolf, born in Scott County, Ky. He learned the trade of a tailor in his native county, afterward moved to Covington, Ky., where he established himself in business. He was married in Cincinnati, August 17, 1 831, to ^Lartha A. Stall, the daughter of Dr. E. H. and Martha Stall, of Cincinnati, by which union the following children were born : Josephine, Edward H., Laura A., Indiana, Francis H., William W. and Alice M., all of whom are living. In 1833, he moved to Rushville and carried on the merchant tailoring business, and afterward engaged in the dry goods trade; became a member of the Christian Churcli in boy- hood, and sometimes officiated in preaching the Divine Word and other duties of an Elder; but, in 1845, he and wife united with the Presbyterian Church, in which he remained until his death; was a man of fair education, which he obtained by his own exertions, working at his trade in daytime, and studying by the light of a candle at night in his room. Politically, he was a Whig, but on the formation of the Republican party, espoused its principles, and being a line speaker, fearlessl}- advocated the doctrines of Republicanism. On the breaking out of the war, he, in a few hours, raised the first company from Rush Count}- for the three months' service His company was assigned to the Sixteenth Indiana Regiment, the term of enlistment being for one year; and, at its organization he was promoted Major, serving with his regiment in the Army of the Potomac. On the expiration of its term of service, the regiment returned home, and was reorganized for the three years' service, in which new organization he was promoted to the Lieutenant-Colonelc}', and immediately after, his command was ordered to Kentucky to aid in repelling the invasion of that State by Kirb}^ Smith. On the 30th of August, 1S62, his regiment took part in the battle of Richmond, losing 200 men in killed and wounded, and 600 prisoners; in this action Col. Wolf was killed while bravely endeavoring to cut his wa}- through the Rebel lines, preferring to yield up his life rather than surrender to the hordes of secession. His body was brought home, and lies in East Hill Cemetery, and the sword he drew to help crush treason is now in possession of his son, E. H. Wolf, of Rushville ; both his sons stood side by side with their su-e in the Army of the Union in defense of the starry banner, and his memory is fondly revered by his family and the many friends who knew him in life.

George C. Wyatt, furniture dealer and undertaker, was born in Carrollton, Carroll Count}-, Ky., June 20, 1853. He was the son of James S. and Mary (Campbell) Wyatt, both natives of Kentucky, of Enghsh and Scotch-Irish descent. His parents removed to Rush County when he was eight years old, and settled in Milroy, where our subject was reared. He attended school in winter and clerked in summer, and at the age of seventeen, he began teaching^ school. This furnished his winter's employment for seven years. During the summer he attended school, and taught instrumental music. In 18S0, he engaged in the furniture and undertaking business in Milroy in connection with his father. In April, 1SS4, our subject came to Rushville, and after a few months spent at clerking, he opened up his present furniture establishment in January, 1S85. He was married Noj.ember 9, 1876, to Miss Kate M. Hitt, in. Mason County, Ky. She was born in Kentucky, July 25, 1853,, and was the daughter of Wilson W. and Catharine (Coale) Hitt. Mr. and Mrs. Wyatt are the parents of four children : Warden Howe, born August 21, 1S77; Ma_v, born May 12, 1S79; ^^^^^ Karr, born March, iSSi, and Harry Allen, born Juh", 1S83, all living. Mr. and Mrs. Wyatt are members of the Disciples' Church. The former is a Republican. He held the office of Township Trustee in Anderson Township one term.

Edward Young, President and Manager of the Gem Flouring Mill Company, was born in Yorkshire, England, December 12, 1S39. Fie was the second of eleven children - si.x sons and five daughters - born to Henry and Eleanor (Walker) Young. His paternal grandparents were Jel'emiah and Jane (Wilson) Young, natives of England, the former of English and the latter ef French descent. His maternal grandparents were Benjamin and Eliza (Ingham) Walker, both natives of England. His brothers were: Jeremiah, Benjamin W., James J., Charles J. and Henry, and sisters: Jane E., Eleanor, Mar}- A., x\nna M. and Eliza E., all living except Henr}' and Eleanor, who died in infancv. Before the subject of this sketch was three years old, his father came to this country and settled near Wilmington, Del., but soon moved to Philadelphia, Pa., and in 1844, to Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1852, the family moved to Indiana and located on a farm in Franklin County, where our subject remained until March i, i860, when he went to Douglas County, 111., and there devoted his entire attention to agricultural pursuits until July 23, 1S61, when he enlisted as a pri\-ate in Company F, Eighteenth Regiment Indiana Volunteers. In July,

1563, to Sergeant, and in August, 1S64, was commissioned First Lieutenant, and given command of Companies A, F, and D. of his regiment, and continued in command until May, 1865, when detailed as Acting Regimental Quarter-Master, serving as such until discharged, August 28, 1865. He participated in twenty-two distinct engagements, and at different times was entrusted with the performance of duties requiring the highest degree of courage and loyalty. In May, 1S65, while at Augusta, Ga., in command of the above named companies, he was detailed with fifty men to hoist the stars and stripes on the old Arsenal at Sand Hill, a dut}' which was valiantl}- performed. Again, with a detail of fifty men, he had placed in his charge Gen. Joseph Wheeler and two of his staff officers as prisoners of war, whom he conveyed to a point five miles below Augusta, Ga., on the Savannah River, and there placed them on board of a boat to be forwarded to Fortress Monroe for confinement; and while waiting at this point he enjoyed the distinction of having placed in his charge, and under guard of the detail under his command, as prisoners of war, the disting^uished Jefferson Davis, Mrs. Davis, A. H. Stephens, and the now Senator Reagan, of Texas, and assisted in seeing them all placed aboard the same boat on which Gen. Wheeler and his staff were waiting to be transported to Fortress Monroe. Mr. Young's father and two of his brothers were in the Union service. At the close of the war he resumed farming in Franklin County, Ind. In March, 1S78, he came to Rushville, and after spending a year in the grocery business became connected with the A. G. Mauzy Elevator Company, with which he remained until December, 1SS4, when he purchased the interest of John P. Guifin in the Gem Flouring Mill Company, and succeeded, him in the Presidency and management of the same. June 26, 1S64, he was married to Malinda Jolliff, born October 5) 1S42, in Franklin County, Ind., whose parents were Enoch and Catharine (Bowler) Jolliff. Mr. Young is a member of the Christian Church, the F. e^ A. ]M., K. of P., and G. A. R. ledges, and a staunch Republican in politics. He has served the public twice as Trustee of Posey Township, Franklin Co., Ind., and once as Councilman from the Third Ward of the City of Rushville. His portrait is presented with this volume.

George W. Young, one of the leading members of the Rushville Bar, was born in Center Township, this county, Januarv 29, 1848. He was the son of James and Margaret (Davis) Young, the former a native of Oxford, Ohio, of English descent, and the latter a native of Countj' Leitrim, Ireland, of Irish descent. His paternal grandparents were Andrew and Mary (^Smith) Young, natives of Penns\"lvania and Ohio, respectively. His maternal grandparents were George and Martha (Innis) Davis, natives of Ireland. Our subject was one of ten children, seven sons and three daughters, as follows: Robert, John \'., Mary A., David, James S., George W. and Samuel H. (twins), William A., and two daughters that died in infancy, unnamed. Of those named Robert, John v., and Mary A., also died in .infancy'. Mr. Young was reared upon a farm in this county, and at the age of seventeen he took up the vocation of a teacher. At eighteen he entered the Freshman class of the State Universitj'-, and remained two years. He then taught school two j-ears, after which he reviewed his studies at Spiceland Academy. After teaching one other term he entered upon the study of law, but resided upon a farm he had purchased in Center Township. He continued to study law and farm together for four years, when he became a resident of Rushville and soon afterward he was admitted to the Bar. He first entered the law office of Judge Cullen and Ben L. Smith, as a student. Three and one half years later he opened an office of his own. Two j-ears later he became the partner of Judge Cullen in the practice of law, which partnership still exists. This dates from November, 1SS5. He \\'as married February 24, 1869, to Nancv Hinchman, daughter of Judge James Hinchmen, late of Union Township. She was born in that township, September 25, 1847. Three children have been born to them: lola M., born April 6, 1873; Janies Y., born November 18, 1875, and Dellia, born November 18, 1877. Mr. and INIrs. Young are members of the Presbvterian Church. The former is a member of the F. & A. M. Lodge, having reached the rank of Knight Templar. He is also a member of the I. O. O. F. and K. of P. orders, and in politics he is a pronounced Republican.

PuRXEL Bishop was born in Worcester County, Md., May i, 1804. His parents were Lemuel and Hannah (Bratton) Bishop, who were natives of I\[ar3"land. At the age of seven he accompanied his parents to Nicholas County, Kv., and there he resided until the age of seventeen, when he went to Harrison County, where he was engaged by his brother-in-law, and remained about three years. From Harrison County, he went to Bourbon County, Ky., and engaged at the cooper trade. There he worked five 3'ears with John Kiser, his uncle. Thence he immigrated to Rush County, Ind., leaving Bourbon County on the 17th of April, and landing in Rush County, April 20, 1831, and on the 26th of April, was united in marriage with Julia A. Kiser, daughter of Joseph and Rebecca Kiser, who came to Rush Count}- in the fall of 1830, but have long since been numbered with the pioneer dead. After his marriage, Mr. Bishop engaged in farming the first season with his father-in-law. On December 8, 1831, he began housekeeping on a tract of land now owned by his son Josiah Bishop. Here he began to make a home in the dense forest. By industry and perseverance, and the assistance of a loving wife, he succeeded in providing himself with a comfortable home. The union was blessed \\ith eight children, four of whom are living: Eliza, now the wife of George C. Roland, and resides in Grant County, Ind.; Nancy, the wife of Solomon Furry, and resides in Union Township: Elizabeth, now the wife of William H. Davis, and a resident of Palestine, Hancock Co., Ind., and Josiah, who owns and resides on the old homestead. The wife of our venerable subject was called away x\ugust i, 1879. She died a member of the Christian Church, with which she had been united forty-five years. She was a kind mother, a loving" wife and respected by all who knew her. Mr. Bishop is also a member of the Christian Church and has been united with the church over fortv vears. Farming" has been his chief occupation in life, in which he has been very successful, and has ahvaj'S been able to meet his obligations. He has always been identified with the Whig and Republican parties, but has never sought political honors.

James Bussel, one of the prominent pioneers of Union Township, is a native of Green County, Ohio, where he was born February 4, 1 8 20. His parents were Samuel and Sarah (Morgan) Bussel. The former was born in Northumberland County, Pa., March 24, 1785, and was reared in that county. After maturity, he emigrated to Green County, Ohio, and about 1810, was united in marriage with Sarah Morgan, daughter of Jonathan Morgan, a native of Virginia. Sarah was born in Virginia, on December 25, 1792, but her parents soon afterward removed to Kentuckv, and thence to Green Countv, Ohio, and ended their davs near Bloomington, Ills. During the War of 1S12, he served his country against the British and fought principally against the Indians. In 1821, he resolved to seek a home in the west, where land was cheap. Accordinglv, in September, 182 1, he came to Rush County, and selected a wild tract of land in the southeast quarter of Section 19, Union Township, where he erected a rude log cabin, and returned to Ohio for his family. He spent a part of the winter in Ohio, and on February 2, 1822, landed his family in his little cabin, which was without a floor. Mr. Bussel set about to clear up a home, and for ten years he lived upon this farm, when he removed to the farm where our subject now resides; this was also a wild tract of land, and once more he started in the forest. He built a hewed log house, which stands as a monument of pioneer daj'S. Here he and his loved companion resided until called to rest. The former passed away February 23, 1843, the latter June 2, 1871. They were members of the Christian Church. James Bussel obtained but a limited education, and at the age of twent3'-one, he began to do for himself by engaging in farming on the old home farm. After the death of his father, he purchased eighty acres of the old homestead, on which his residence now stands. In August, 1843, he was married to Susannah, daughter of Michael and Elizabeth Furry, old settlers of Union Township, now^ deceased. Mrs. Bussel was born in Union Township in 1828, and was called away on September 7, 1S44. She was a member of the Christian Church. This union was blessed with a son, Solomon, who died in infancy. Mr. Bussel was again married March 18, 1847, his choice being Miss Elizabeth J. McMillin, daughter of John and

Susan McMillin, who were among the hrst settlers of this countv. She was born in this township on July 12, 1829, and departed this life November 29, 1S58. She was a member of the Christian Church. This union was blessed with four children, whose names and dates of birth are as follows: Susan J., born October 12, 184S; John T., born June 19, 1S51; Sarah E., born December 29, 1854: Jessie F., born October 14, 1S57. On May 22, 1S60, he was married to Miss Margaret I. Ash, daughter of Elijah and Marv A. (McCormick) Ash, the 'former was a native of \'irginia. Margaret was born in Shelby County, Ind., July 12, 1840. This union was blessed with two children: James A., born April 18, 1861, and an infant unnamed, who was born July 7, 1862. Mr. and Mrs. Bussel are members of the Christian Church, and have been with the church forty-five }'ears. Politically, he is a Republican, and firmly upholds the principles of that party. He now owns one of the best improved farms in the township, consisting of 341 acres.

Samuel F. Cliftox was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, December 2, 1829. His parents were Simon S. and Margaret Clifton, the former a native of New Jersey, and the latter of Pennsylvania. They removed to Franklin County at an early day, and are both buried in Union Township. They married in Franklin County. The former died in Grant County in 1883, and the latter in Unioh Township, in 1878. On December 7, 1850, our subject was married to Rachel Morgan, a native of Dearborn County, Ind., her father was Benjamin Morgan. This union was blessed with eight children: Martha J., Richard F., William Emmet, Sarah E., Margaret L., Jacob J., Charles G. and Ada, all living. Mr. and Mrs. Clifton are members of the Christian Church, also his family. Politically, he is a Republican. He began life a poor man and has worked hard for what he is worth at present. He removed to the farm he now owns in 1864, and erected the fine residence on his farm. At present, farming is his chosen occupation, and his farm is considered the best farm in the county.

William M. Cook was born in Union Township November 27, 1838. He is the son of J. B. and Nancy M. Cook, old residents of this township. The former was born in Ohio, and the latter in Fayette County. From boyhood his life has been spent here. His occupation has been farming and trading, and he has shipped considerable stock. In 1862, he was married to Susan Johnston. Mrs. Cook was born in Richland Township in 1839. This union has been blessed by the birth of four sons: J. B., Oliver J., Robert B., and Ora K., all living. Mr. and Mrs. Cook are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically, he is a staunch Democrat, and firmly believes in its principles. He is one of the active workers in this county, and is Central Committeeman for Union Township. He began hfe in limited circumstances, and now owns one of the best farms in Union Township, Ij'ing a quarter of a mile west of Glenwood. Mr. Cook is an honored citizen of this county.

Robert B. Cook was born in Union Township, April i6, 184S. His parents were James and Nancy Cook, old and honored residents of Union Township. His boyhood and youth were spent upon his father's farm, one-half mile west of Glenwood. He received a good common school education, but adopted farming as his life business. On October 17, 1871, he chose for his wife Frances D. Johnston, daughter of Atwell and Larinda Johnston, who were old residents of Richland Township, where Mrs. Cook was born in 1850. To this union were born three daughters: Laura, Attie M. and Fannie Ball, all of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. Cook are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politicalh', he is a staunch Democrat. In the spring of 1S86, he elected to the office of Township Trustee, which position he now holds. He has carefulh' managed the affairs of the township, and takes great interest in the schools. Mr. Cook owns a comfortable home near Glenwood, near where he was born and reared. He is an upright and industrious man.

William Carson Fox, son of Ellis and Mar}^ (Carson) Fox, was born in Washington County, Pa., near Monongahela City, September 7, 182S. His father was a native of Mar3-land, and belonged to the Society of Friends. He was a descendant of the Fox family who came to the United States with William Penn, in the Seventeenth centur^-. Ellis (our subject's father) was the son of Joshua and Sarah (Heath) Fox, and Mary, his wife, was the daughter of William and Mary (Burgess) Carson. About the year 1829 or 1S30, Ellis came from Washington County, Pa., to Union Township, Rush Co., Ind., and purchased a farm, carrying with him :p6oo in silver, and then returned to his Penn- S3-lvania home, making the entire journey on foot. In the spring of 1831, with his wife and three children, viz. : Elizabeth, John, and William C. (the subject of this sketch), he began the journey toward his new home in the far west, and with the tide of western migration they floated down the Ohio River to Cincinnati, and in a few weeks located on the farm where William now resides. During his young manhood, the father worked at the trade of stone mason. He was one of tlie original members of the Christian Church, which worshiped at Plum Creek, and during his entire life, his influence was on the side of truth, justice, and morality. He died in 1852; his wife, Marj^ followed him in July, i860, and to- gether thev rest in the burying ground at Fairview. On the 19th of September, 1S49, WilHam C. married Margaret Rich, a daughter of TiUman and Martlia (Carson) Rich, who came from Ohio to Indiana, in an early day. The children of this marriage are Mar}-, married Joseph McFadden, 1870: John E. H., deceased, and Elgie. Mr. Fox has neyer been a candidate for any ortice, is a quiet, unassuming gentleman, respected by his neighbors and usually yotes the Democratic ticket. He is liying a quiet life on the farm \yhere his father died.

LA\yREXCE GiXG is a natiye of Rush County, and is one of the leading citizens of Union Township, being at present actiyelv engaged in the manufacture of drain tile, and farming. He \yas born in 1829, and has made this his home all his life. His parents, William and Anna (Furry) Ging, the former of Irish, and the latter of German descent, weve among the pioneer settlers of Union Township, and were residents of the township at the time of their deaths. Our subject was reared amid the scenes incident to farm life, and received a fair education in the common schools. He began doing for himself after his maturity, and engaged in farming. In i860, he was married to Mary J. Gray, daughter of John and Margaret (Dick) Gray, the former a native of Pennsylyania, and the latter of Ohio, but both ^vere reared in Kentucky. Mrs. Ging was born in Bourbon County, Ky., in 1S24, and accompanied her parents to Rush County, and located in Union Township in 1833. Here her parents died. This union was blessed with two children: John W. (deceased), and Margaret A., now at home. Mr. and Airs. Ging are church members. Politically. Mr. Ging adheres to the Democratic party, and has tilled the office of Township Trustee. Mr. and Mrs. Ging have led useful, industrious li\-es, and have provided themselves with a comfortable home. In 1869, Mr. Ging engaged in the manufacture of drain tile, and this was about the lirst factory started in this count}'. His business has steadily increased, and there is no better tile manufactured in the county. His factory is capable of turning out 500,000 rods per year. A man of integrity, and upright in all the affairs of life, he is now one of the respected citizens of the township.

James Gray was born on the farm where he now resides February 8, 1834. His parents were James and Mary (Nichols) Gray, natives of Monroe County, W. Va., of Anglo-Saxon origin mixed with Scotch blood. The former was the son of John and Mary ( Rayburn) Gray, the former of whom was a very prominent worker in political circles. He was Circuit Judge, and held office in the Legislature for fourteen years. His parents were among the pioneer settlers of Virginia. James Gray, the third child of

John Gra}', was bom in Monroe Count}^ W. Va., May 23, 1797, and was reared on the farm. In April, 18 16, when but nineteen years of age, he was united in marriage with Mar}' Nickell, daughter of George and Margaret (Nelson) Nickell, natives of West Virginia, where Mary was born October 8, 179S. They located on a rented farm, and in the fall of 1S22, resolved to seek a home in the west and removed to Union Country, Ind., but, in 1824, Mr. Gray bought a part of the tract of land, which our subject now owns in Union Township, Rush County, Ind. He paid $155 for eighty acres. Here he made a home and resided until their respective deaths. James, our subject, was raised on the farm and has adopted farming as a life occupation. He received a good education in his youth; and on December 20, 1857, \vas married to Miss Martha Jane Nichols, daughter of James and Sina E. (Gerard) Nichols, natives of Franklin County, Ind., where Mrs. Gray was principally reared. This union was blessed with twelve children: John H., WilHam H., Rebecca C, Nancy, George, Andrew, Vincent, Adda, Cary, Minnie, Mary and Madison, of whom George, Mary and Madison are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Gray are members of fhe Christian Church. Politically, Mr. Gray is a Republican. He owns the old Gray homestead, which was settled in 1S24, and upon which he has spent his entire life. Here he has brought up a large family of sons and daughters, half of whom have grown to maturity.

John T. Gray, the subject of this biography, is the grandson of John Gray, who, with, his family, was among the first pioneer settlers of Union Township in the fall of 1S33. They came from Bourbon Countj-, Kv., the family consisting of six children. Thej^ were : Samuel and Margaret, by his first wife, whose maiden name was Jane Purdy; Jane, William J., Elizabeth D. and Alice A., by his second wife. Prior to his removal, John Gray had purchased a part of the farm now owned by John T. Gra}', his grandson. Here he resided until his death. During life, his principal occupation was farming; but he also gave some attention to stock-raising. He died in the fall of 1S54, ^ member of the Presbyterian Church. His wife survived him until March, 1871. Her maiden name was Margaret Dick. William, who was the fourth child, and who was the father of John T. Gray, was born in Bourbon County, Kj'., on September 17, 1825. At the age of eight years he came to this county. At the age of twenty-one he began life on his own responsibility, and on September 19, 1846, was united in marriage with Cynthia A. Allen, daughter of John and Susan (Kirkpatrick) Allen. The former was born in Virginia, and the latter in Kentucky, but were married in Green County, Ohio, where Cynthia was born November 2, 1S20. In 1S34 they came to Rush County, and settled in Washington Township. Wilham Gray and wife began housekeeping in a log house which stood on the farm owned bv our subject. He resided in this county until the spring of 1870, when he removed to Daviess County, Ind., and thence to Tennessee, in the spring of 1875, locating near Gallatin, where he died on Julv 17, 1876. His wife still survives him. He was a member of the Christian Church. During life he owned some verv fine horses: Aleck, Charley and Tuckahoe, which he purchased at the sale of his father's personal property-. Tuckahoe lived until he was twentj'-four j-ears old. These horses were sired by a horse owned by Joseph Gra}', known as Aleck, then by William Grav; Jerry, of Archy-Lightfoot stock: Dick, of Bedford stock; Tom, of Grav Traveler stock; Jake, of Proud American stock; and from the latter he raised three stallions, and last Tom-Hal, sired bv Shawhan. Tom Hal, sired b}' Bald-Stocking, who paced ninety miles in ten hours and forty minutes. Bald-Stocking was sired by an imported Tom-Hal, a bay-roan horse fifteen and one-half hands high. Bald- Stocking lived to be thirty-two 3'ears old, and was never known to lie down until the dav of his death. Graves Tom-Hal was purchased by William Grav when he was four vears old, and was kept in the Gray family until he was twent^'-seven years and six months old, when he died. His last season was the most successful, and he was owned b}- John T. Gray at the time of his death. He was of fast stock, and his colts have developed good speed. He was the sire of the dam of St. Denis, record 2:23; Buffalo Girl, 2:12)^; Jerome Turner, 2:i'j^\ and sired Little Gipsy, record 2 :2 2; Limber Jack, pacer, 2:i8}4; Bay Bill}-, pacer, 2:i3.):(; Mattie Bond, pacer, 2:27J.(; Syalger, trotter, 2 :3 1 1<( . John T. Gray was born in a log cabin on the farm where he now resides, July 11, 1847. He was the oldest in a familv of five sons: John, Joseph V., James W., Washington and Garrett D., of whom Washington is deceased. John grew to manhood on the farm, recei\ing a fair education. As his father was a horseman, it became necessar\- for John, in earlv life, as he was the eldest, to assist in caring for the horses. Therefore his early training in this respect was exceedingly good, and has placed him among the foremost horsemen in the county at the present time. On August 13, 186S, he was married to Alary C. McCrary, daughter of Samuel and Elsie (Parish) McCrary, the former a of County Antrim, Ireland, and was a bov when he came to this country'. Samuel and Elsie McCrarv were married September 11, 1S28, in Fayette County, and the former resided in this vicinity until his death, March 19, 1S81. His wife still survives him. Mrs. Gray was born in Washington Township, Febru- ary 2, 1851, and was reared here. This union has been blessed with four children; Charlie I., Flora M., Bessie Pearl, and Samuel W., all living. Mr. and Mrs. Gray are members of the Christian Church; also Charlie and Flora. Mr. Gra}', besides caring for his farm, owns and controls probably the most noted breeding barns in the county. It was established b}- John Gray in 1835, and has continued ever since. After him came William Grav, and then his son, John T., who o\\'ns it at present. It now contains six stallions, two imported draft horses : Favory and Coco, the former one of the most noted Norman draft horses in America; two Hambeltonian general purpose horses named Med'ock, Sr., and Medock, Jr. ; Frank Hale, one of the best bred horses in the west, sired by Ben Franklin, by Daniel Lambert, by Ethan Allen, by Black Hawk, dam by Lapham's Horse, by Hill's Black Hawk, and sired and raised in Vermont, and is five years old; he is 15K hands high and weighs 1080 pounds; Tom Hal, a two-3'ear-old, sired b}' Gray's Tom Hal; dam bv Davy Crocket, and shows great speed as a pacer. Mr. Gray gives his whole attention to his fine horses. He is an honest and upright citizen, and owns a comfortable home. Politically, he is a Democrat.

Henry Hall is a native of Bourbon Count}-, Ky., and was born September 16, 1828. His parents were Daniel and Mill}- (Yelton) Hall, the former a native of Harrison Count}-, Va., and the latter of Kentucky, where they were married on March 26, 1820. In 1828, they came to Rush County, and settled on the farm where our subject now resides. Henry was only six weeks old when his parents came here. He was reared on a farm and received a fair education in his youth. At the age of twenty he began life on his own responsibility. On September 30, i860, he was married to Miss Lucy J. Peak, daughter of Samuel and Susannah (Welsh) Peak. Lucy was born in Favette Count\", Ind., Ma}' 21, 1825, but principallv reared in Rush Countv. Thev were blessed with one child, Charles C, born June 19, 1862, and died August 30, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Hall are members of the Christian Church, with which they have been united twenty-six years. Mr. Hall has acted in the capacity of Deacon most of this time. In 1867, he purchased the old homestead of 178 acres; the improvements have been made on it bv himself and father. His residence is one of the best in the township, and he has a comfortable home. In politics, he is a Democrat, but never sought political honors.

James Hinchman was a native of Monroe County, Va., born January 24, 1800. He was the fourth in a family 'of eleven children born.to John and Sarah (Vinson) Hinchman, the former a nati\'e of Maryland, where the Hinchmans settled during the time of the

Calverts. The latter was a native of Shenandoah Countv, Va. At the age of fourteen, John Hinchman removed to Monroe Count\-,Va., where he married Sarah \''inson, where they continued to reside until their deaths. James Hinchman was reared amid the scenes incident to farm life, and owing to his limited educational advantages was not enabled to attend school more than a year and a half during his youth. But in after life, by self-application, he obtained a fair English education. On April ii, 1822, he chose for a life companion Nancy Nickell, daughter of George and Margaret (Nelson) Nickell, natives of Monroe County,\'a., where Mrs. Hinchman was born, September 5, 1S04. At the time of his marriage Mr. Hinchman received $250 from his father, and with this money he resolved to seek a home in the west. He accordingly started for Indiana on horseback, and finally purchased 160 acres of land in Section 14, Union Township, Rush County, Ind., and returned for his young wife. They put what few cooking utensils they had into a two-horse wagon and started overland to their far-off home in the western wilderness. Arriving here November 14, 1822, they moved into a rude log cabin which had been erected on one of his eightj'-acre tracts. Soon afterward he built a more substantial house, in which he lived happily for many years. When he arrived here he had some fears as to whether or not he would succeed, but he went to work with a will and his first crop of corn averaged him ninety bushels to the acre. This assured him of success, and he resolved to make Rush County his future home. The family circle was blessed with fourteen children, viz.: George N., John T., Andrew, William N., Joseph ^'., James R., Carey, Alvin B., Jesse G., Sarah, Robert N., Amos C, Margaret and Nancv, of whom George N., John T., Joseph V., James R., Sarah H., Margaret, Alvin B., Carey, Amos C, Nancy, Jesse G., and Robert N. are still living. Mr. Hinchman began life a poor man, and after paving the expense of his trip to this county he found he had only $10 left, which he expended in pro\'isions for the winter. He was very successful in his chosen occupation, and at one time owned over 1,000 acres of land in Rush Count^-, besides 2,200 acres in Missouri and Iowa. He was liberal with his children, assisting them to get homes, and was a public-spirited man, encouraging, with time and money, railroads, canals, or any other improvement for the benefit of the public. Politically, he was a Republican, and in 1S44 "^^'^^ elected to the Indiana Legislature, which position he held two terms. He was Probate Judge of Rush County for three years, and held the ofiice of County Commissioner two years. He was a firm friend of the schools, and advocated the employment of the best teachers. On August 28, 1SS3, he passed away - a time-honored pioneer and citizen. He liad been a member of the Christian Church since its organization in this count\'. His life companion still survives him, and is in remarkable good health for one of her age - eighty-three years.

John T. Hinchman was born in Union Township, Rush Co., Ind., April 21, 1S25. He was the son of John and Nancy (Nickell) Hinchman, whose personal history appears in this volume. Our subject spent his boyhood and youth on the farm, and received a common school education. He adopted farming as his life occupation. At the age of twenty-one, or on Februarv 26,

1846, he was married to Sarah A. Blacklidge, daughter of John and Nanc}' (Semons) Blacklidge, who settled in Union Township in 1823, and lived here until their deaths. Mrs. Hinchman was born September 23, 1S26, and has spent her entire life here. They had two children: Roda A., deceased, and William M., now married and residing near his father. Our subject began housekeeping on the farm on which his brother Robert lives, but in December,

1847, removed to the farm where he now resides. This he purchased in the spring of that j-ear. It was partlv improved with ordinary improvements. It now consists of 160 acres under a high state of cukivation. His residence is a fine one. He began life a poor man, and by dint of industrj- has been eminently successful, and can be classed among the leading farmers of the township. He and wife are members of the Christian Church. Politically, he is a staunch Republican, and firmly upholds the principles of that party. He is one of the honest and upright citizens of Rush County.