Vigo County, Indiana - Chapter 26: Terre Haute's Importance A]\iong Horseaien, 1908 (part 2 of 4)

Greater Terrr Haute And Vigo Couxty

Mont L. Casey, jailer of Vigo county and well known in Terrc Haute, is numbered among Indiana's native sons, his birth having occurred at Clinton, \'ermilion county, on the loth of April, 1858, his parents being Michael and I\Iary (Cunningham) Casey. The father was born in Ireland, in 1820, and when a boy of only nine years came to the United States. Ele made the journey alone and ultimately came to Indiana, settling at Clinton, where he has since resided, having now reached the very venerable age of eigthy-eight years. He has been prominent and active in public affairs there and for eighteen consecutive years served as marshal, entering uijoii the duties of that office when Clinton was just entering upon a period of substantial growth and importance, owing, to the development of the coal industry. The opening of the mines, however, brought into the district an element of citizenship somewhat undesirable, for the miners to a large extent were not amenable to law and order. Mr. Casey, however, was well fitted to cope with the situation. Personally fearless, he never faltered in the performance of any duty and all classes of citizens soon came to recognize in him one who would defend the public interests at any cost. No higher testimonial of capable service could be given than his long retention in office. He was a soldier in the Civil war in the One Hundred and Twenty-third Indiana Regiment, under Ca])t. Joe Utter, and patriotism and progress might well be termed the keynote of his character. His wife was a daughter of Andrew Cunningham, one of the pioneers of Vermilion county, who pre-empted from the government the land upon which most of the city of Clinton now stands. He was the first man murdered in \'ermilion county, having been hit on th.e head by a brick, by a man of the name of Brooks, who was awaiting trial at the time the old log jail at that place was burned. I\Irs. Casey was among the first white children born in \'ermilion county and there spent her entire life, passing away August 31, 1901, when in her sixty-seventh year.

]\Iont L. Casey was reared under the parental roof and accjuired a common school education. When sixteen years of age he entered upon an apprenticeship in the office of the Clinton Herald and two years later purchased the paper, which he subsequently sold. He then established a journal called Casc\'s Siftiiigs, which he conducted for six or seven years, when he disposed of that plant. In 1892 he came to Terre Haute and became a member of the reportorial stafT of the Terre Haute Express. a daily paper, with which he continued until 1896. In that year he returned to Clinton and leased the Clinton Republican, which he conducted during the first McKinley campaign. On again locating in Terre Haute, he began work on the Tribune as police and court reporter and so remained until the first of January, 1901, when he was appointed to the position of jailer under Sheriff Hanly.

Mr. Casey was married in this city March 2^,. 1892, to Miss Anna M. Zigler, a daughter of Jacob and OHve (Swap) Zigler, who were early settlers of Terra Haute. They have one son, George Allen, who was born in this city October 7. 1895. ^^^'- Casey is a member of the Knights of Pythias lodge and his wife is a member of the Central Christian church. They are both well known here and have manv friends. Mr. Casey by reason of his connection with the newspapers soon gained a very wide acquaintance after first coming to this citv and the years have constantly increased his circle of friends, for his genuine personal worth, genial disposition and cordial manner are such as win kindly regard.

John F. Joyce is engaged in the insurance business in Terre Haute, a member of the firm of Kelley, Wagner & Joyce, but is cquallv well known as one who for thirty years was prominently connected with newspaper interests here. He has, moreover, a wide acquaintance throughout the state as one who in legislative halls has given tangible evidence of his loyalty and devotion to the public good. He was born on South Twelfth street in Terre Haute, December 20, 1863. His parents, Patrick and Ann ( Burke ) Joyce, early residents of this city, are natives of County Tipperary, Ireland, and the natal year of both was 1832. When not yet twenty years of age Patrick Joyce came to the United States, landing at New Orleans and thence going up the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to Cincinnati, where he entered the employment of a pork packing establishment until 1865, in which year he came to Terre Haute to continue in the same employment. His wife came to this country a few years after the arrival of him who was subsequently to become her husband. She made her way direct to Terre Haute and it was in this city that they were married. They had two children, the vounger being Lena A. Joyce, wife of Thomas H. Perkins, a passenger conductor on the Vandalia Railroad.

John F. Joyce was a pupil in the St. Joseph's parochial school of his native city and his initiative step in the business world was made on the 1st of May, 1876, when he entered the office of the Terre Haute Gazette as office boy, being connected with that paper continuously for twentyeight years, or until June 14, 1904. From the position of office boy he worked his wav steadily upward, serving as reporter, as city editor and as political editor, doing all the work on local politics. His leaving the Gazette was the occasion of the paper changing hands and name. He afterward spent two years on the staft of the Terre Haute Ezeiiing Tribune, on the expiration of which period he engaged in the fire insurance business, which now claims his time and attention. In the meantime he had gained a wide acquaintance in newspaper circles and his worth was widely acknowledged, his labors being one of the most important elements in the success of the Gazette for many years.

Mr. Joyce, in 1906. became a candidate at the Democratic primaries for the office of representative to the state legislature, and issuing his own platform, received his party's endorsement. At the election in the ensuing fall he polled a vote in excess of that of his com]K'titors for the office, and with his colleague in that body enjoyed the distinction of being the first Democrat elected to the legislature from \ igo county in fourteen years.

In the sixty-fifth session of the Indiana legislature he assumed an independent course and took an active and influential part, standing stanchly in support of reform and progressive legislation. He served on a number of important committees, including those on cities and towns, counties and townships, affairs of the city of Indianapolis and insurance, these being regarded as the four most important committees of the house. He was also a member of the committee on printing. As a member of the committee on counties and township he assisted, as one of a sttb-joint committee, composed of three members from the house and three from the senate, to draw up the public depository bill, which was enacted into a law. As a member of the committee on affairs of the city of Indianapolis he helped to pass the sixty-cent gas bill, over the passage of which a most determined and stubborn fight was made by corporate interests. As a member of the insurance committee, in opposition to the policy of his own party, he supported the insurance reform bill advocated by Governor Hanly. which failed, however, of becoming a law. As a member of the committee on cities and towns he assisted in framing the cities and towns bill. These five committees handled one hundred and ninety-seven bills, or more than one-fifth of the entire work of the house.

Mr. Joyce enjoys the distinction of having more of his own measures enacted into laws than any other member of the Si.xty-fifth General Assembly, and this, too, notwithstanding he w'as a new member. He opposed any and all measures which connived at any increase of salary to any official during the term for which he was elected. He opposed all measures of public graft. One of the measures which he endorsed and which was bitterly opposed was the bill to advance the cities of Terre Haute and South Bend from the third to the second class without any increase of salary to the incumbent officials. The senate amended the bill by making increase of salaries to apply to Terre Haute. This amendment Mr. Joyce opposed long and vigorously on si.x separate house roll calls and was sustained on each roll call by overwhelming

;Mr. Jovce was one of the most active and hard-working members of the house, connected with much important constructive legislation and many valuable results can be counted as tangible assets in his creditable legislative record. One of the leading Republican papers of Indiana, at the close of the session, referred to him as "one of the most conscientious members of the House."

On the 1st of June, 1891, was celebrated the marriage of ]\Ir. Joyce and ^liss ]\Iay Levan. who was born in Terre Haute, a daughter of Henry C. and Mary E. ( Wheeler) Levan, natives of the state of New York. J\Ir. Joyce and his wife have a wide acquaintance here and enjoy the respect and confidence of all. ]\Irs. Joyce is quite an accomplished artist with the brush, having been a student at the Cincinnati and Chicago art schools.

Throughout his business and official life Air. Joyce has ever let men know that what he says he will do, that his decision is final - no wavering - that, once resolved, he is not to be allured or intimidated. He stands stanchly in support of what he believes to be right in his relations with his fellow men and with the public.

Sheldon Swope, head of the large jewelry house of the Swope - Nehf Jewelry Company, is also one of the large property owners and leading citizens of Terre Haute. He is a native of Indiana, born at Laporte, on the 3d of November, 1843, ^nd is the son of Asbury and Jane (Patterson) Swope. The ancestors of the American branch of the Swope family are traced to a locality near Heidelberg, Germany, whence in 1676, they emigrated to Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and there obtained a grant of one thousand acres of land, a portion of which still remains in possession of the family. The grandfather of Sheldon Swope was Michael Swope, who married in Pennsylvania at an early date, and then settled near Jacksonville, Wayne county, Indiana. Asbury Swope, the father, was born in Lancaster county, and came with his parents to Indiana. He was educated for the medical profession, but never practiced, and in 1849 he started with his family for the western plains, on the way to California. At Evansville he was to meet a companion, who was to accompanv him on his long and hazardous overland journey ; but the death of his friend at that point induced him to abandon his California plans and instead to buy a farm near Evansville. where he located and died in 1852. The mother was a native of Preble county, Ohio, and she was born in 1818, the daughter of Joseph and Isabella (Caldwell) Patterson. She died at Evansville in 1894. The Patterson family is descended from the Pilgrims of Plymouth Rock, and James Patterson removed from Massachusetts to Philadelphia, but after a short time in that city went to York, [Pennsylvania, where his son James (the great-grandfather of Mrs. Asbury Swope) was born in 1760. The latter migrated to Pendleton county, Mrginia, where he married .\nna Elizabeth EIull, cousin of Commodore Hull, of the United States navy, in 1784. He was a lawyer and surveyor, laid out the town of Staunton, Mrginia, ami after selling his property there removed to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, of which place he is said to have been the first practicing attorney. In that city he acquired a large estate, then known as Springfield farm and which now embraces the Twelfth, Thirteeiith and Fourteenth wards of Pittsburg. Joseph, the son of the second James Patterson, was born in Pendleton county, Virginia, on June 6, 1789; married Isabella Caldwell in Pittsburg, in 1816, and died in the west in 1855. He was the maternal grandfather of Sheldon Swope.

^Ir. Swope was reared in ^'anderburg county, Indiana, and obtained his education in its common schools. On June 6, 1861, before he had reached his eighteenth year, he enlisted at Evansville, in Company I, of the Fourteenth Indiana A'olunteer Infantry, which was the first regiment from the state to enlist for a three years' term, and of which he was the youngest member. The Fourteenth was mustered in at old Camp Vigo, Terre Haute, and IMr. Swope faithfully followed its fortunes, good and bad, for the entire term of enlistment. At the conclusion of this period he shared, with his fellow soldiers, the pleasure of listening to these words from Indiana's illustrious war governor, Oliver P, Morton : "Bad as we need soldiers at this time, we cannot call on the Fourteenth for further service and ask it to return to the front, after its three years of hard campaigning and severe fighting, and having been in more skirmishes and battles than the Old Guard of Napoleon."

After leaving the service ^Ir. Swope located in Dayton, Ohio, where he learned the jewelry business, and in September, 1867, settled in Terre Haute. In the latter city he entered the employ of S. R. Freeman, jeweler, then located on Main street, between Third and Fourth, and six months later his employer removed his main store further east, leaving Mr. Swope in charge of a portion of the stock at the old stand. W'ithin a year he was proprietor of the branch, and established himself in the Naylor Opera House building. In 1884 he received Charles T. Nehf into partnership, and in i8go the firm removed to No. 522 Main street. In 1895 Mr. Swope purchased the large three-story brick building at No. 524, where the business is at present located and represents one of the largest establishments of the kind in the state. In 1904 an incorporation was eflfected under the style of the Swope-Nehf Jewelry Company, with Mr. Swope as president ; C. T. Nehf, vice president and general manager ; William E. Bloomer, treasurer, and Anna M. Bloomer, secretary.

Besides founding and organizing the extensive business which he still controls, Mr. Swope has done much for the up-building and general advancement of Terre Haute, several business buildings standing as evidences of his thrift, progressiveness and enterprise. xA.s early as 1878 he erected the first structure of this character, when he built the threestory brick store for the Harvey Furniture Company. In 1893, '^^''th Max Hoberg, he erected the fine stone-front building occupied by the Albrecht Dry Goods Company, and in the spring of 1902 he built the Swope Block, corner of Seventh and Ohio streets. The latter is one of the largest and finest office buildings in the city, and was the first modern structure of the kind erected in Terre Haute. Mr. Swope also owns a fine farm of one thousand one hundred acres in Otter Creek township, Vigo countv, and is altogether one of the largest tax payers in this section. As one of the strongest business factors of the cit\', he is identified with the Retail Merchants' Association and the Commercial Club, and his fraternal activities center in the orders of the Scottish Rite in Masonry and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

Fr.\nk Milton Buckingham is a representative of a family whose history touches the pioneer epoch in the annals of the city of Terre Haute and forms an integral part of that indissoluble chain which links the early, formative period with that of present progress and prosperity. The Buckingham family came originally from the Old Dominion state of Virginia, the birthplace of Henry S. Buckingham, as well as his wife, Elizabeth Lawrence. In 1838 they removed from Wheeling to Terre Haute, where Mr. Buckingham, a cabinetmaker by trade, formed a partnership with Henry Jamison, and the firm of Jamison & Buckingham were among the pioneer business firms of old Terre Haute and are vet remembered by many of the older residents of the city. They manufactured office furniture principally.

Charles H. Buckingham, a son of Henry S. and Elizabeth Buckingham, was born in Wheeling. West \'irginia, and was but five years of age when, with his parents, he came to Terre Haute, receiving his education in the citv public schools and learning the cabinetmaker's trade under the able instructions of his father. .'\t the opening of the Civil war he enlisted in the Sixteenth Regiment of Indiana Infantry, and was made the color bearer of Company I. After the war had ended he returned to Terre Haute and became a member of the firm of Buckingham & Van Ulzen, cabinet and furniture manufacturers. He remained at the head of this industry until his death in 7875. He married a native daughter of Michigan, Jane Kellogg, bdrn in 1S45, and her father was Samuel Kellogg. She is now residing in California. In their family were the following children : Walter S., a photographer in Terre Haute ; Frank M., the subject of this review; Blanche E. and George A., twins, and the son is now in tlie United States government service with residence in San Francisco, and Cora, the wife of Charles Raabe. also of San Francisco.

Frank M. Buckingham was born on the corner of h'iflh and ^^'alnut streets, the present site of the PhtEuix Club. Terrc Flaute, June 20, 1868, and after attending the public schools and the Terrc Haute Commercial College, then the Garvin College, he served in the capacity of a bookkeeper for about ten years. During that time he also became interested in private theatricals and took part in local performances and entertainments until he eventually went on the stage in light comedy parts. For eleven months be continued behind the footlights, finally drifting from a comedian to a traveling salesman and then to a public official. He served his city as a deputy clerk and comptroller under William Hamilton until 1902. and in that year was elected to the offices of city clerk and comptroller on the Republican ticket. During his second term in those offices, having been returned by re-election in 1904, the then mayor was removed from office, and by virtue of his position as comptroller, Mr. Buckingham succeeded by law to the office of acting mayor and continued his duties in that high official capacity until the ist of September, 1906, when he retired from the office to engage in the real estate; building and loan and fire insurance business as a member of the firm of Buckingham & Bledsoe. In September, 1907, this relationship was dissolved, Mr. Buckingham continuing in the business alone, with ofifice with Shinson & Condit, attorneys. He is a member of the Elks, the Uniform Rank of the Knights of Pythias and the Masonic fraternities and the Young Business Men's Club and the Commercial Club.

On the 5th of September. 1900, Mr. Buckingham married Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter Miller, of Terre Haute. They have one son, ]\[iltoa Kellogg Buckingham.

George Gr.vham Holloway. wliose high reputation as a photographer reaches into every state of the Union, was born at Crawfordsville. Indiana. December 29. i860, a son of George W. and Susan (Graham) Flolloway, also Hoosiers by birth. The paternal grandfather, Washington Holloway, was a native of England and one of the early pioneers of Crawfordsville, Indiana. In 1865 the family located in Terre Haute, where George W. Holloway followed his trade of cabinet-making for a number of years, and both he and his wife died in this city in 1896, their lives, so closely united here having been separted but a short time in death.

George G. Holloway was reared and educated in Terre Haute and when he had reached his eighteenth year he entered the studio of J. AI. Adams, an old-time; photographer, and in 1886 formed a partnership with Walter Buckingham and engaged in the business for himself. This relationship was subsequently severed, !Mr. Holloway then forming the partnership with David H. Wright, which continued for five years, and then selling his interest to Mr. Wright he opened his studio on Main street. He soon commanded a large patronage and continued at that location until he opened his present handsome rooms, in May, 1907, at 261^ South Seventh street. Mr. Holloway has done more than establish a prosperous business - he has won a reputation in his profession which has reached every part of the Union. When the Indiana Photographers' Association was organized he became one of its first officers, and in 1898 was chosen its president. In 1903 he was chosen secretary of the National Photographers" Association, re-elected in 1904, and in 1905 was made its president. In that year its convention was held in Boston, and the attendance reached the highest number in the history of the association, and this was also the quarter centennial of its existence. He is now a life member of the organization. He is a trustee of the Daguerre ;\Iemorial Institute, an Indiana organization located in a building of its own at Winona Lake, Indiana. Its conventions are held there, and the institute has a collection of modern professional photographic portraits on its walls, considered to be -one of the finest in existence and valued at five thousand dollars. A certificate of acceptance of a piece of work from the institute is highly prized by professional photographers all over the country. j\Ir. Holloway is the possessor of one of these certificates, and also has a certificate issued by the National Photographers' Association in 1906. He is a member of the Masonic, Knights of Pythias, Elks, Maccabees and Foresters fraternities, and is a member and has served as secretary of the Young Business Men's Club.

Mr. Holloway married Leora Odell, who was born in Terre Haute, a daughter of David Odell, an old-time contractor in this city. They have one son, David W. Holloway.

Joseph Gfroerer. - No matter in how much fantastic theorizing one may indulge as to the causation of success, a discriminating study of the lives of prosperous men must eventually lead us to the fact that their advancement has come through persistent, earnest effort, intelligently applied. This fact finds verification in the record of Joseph Gfroerer, president of the Terre Haute Printing Company. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, on the 30th of April, 1863, his parents being Peter and Maria (Shafer) Gfroerer. the former a native of Germany, while tlie latter was born in Cincinnati. Ohio. Mrs. Gfroerer was a daughter of Henry Shafer, who became one of the earl_v residents of Cincinnati. In early life Peter Gfroerer learned the printing trade and for many years was one of the leading German printers of Evansville and Terre Haute. He removed from Louisville. Kentucky, to Evansville, Indiana, and there established the old Evansville Democrat, a German paper. In 1876 he came to Terre Haute and took charge of the old Banner, also a German newspaper, which was later succeetled by the Terre Haute Jounial. a German paper, which is still published. Mr. Gfroerer is nuw living in this city at the age of seventy-three, but in 1S92 was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife.

Joseph Gfroerer acquired his education through the medium of the jHiblic schools and learned the printing trade when a boy under the direction of his father, whom he assisted on the Banner. After the discontinuance of that paper he continued in the job printing business and gradually has developed an enterprise of e.xtensive proportions, now having one of the leading printing houses in Terre Haute. He is one of the city's most popular residents, and this, combined with his efficiency in the line of his chosen calling, has made him a prosperous business man. He has an office splendidly equipped for turning out first class work and keeps abreast with the progress that has been continually made by t!ie representatives of the "art preservative." Pleasantly situated in his home life. Air. Gfroerer was married to Miss Jessie Seath, a daughter of James and Christine (Kilmer) Seath. Her father was the founder of the Terre Haute Car Works and a well known representative of industrial life in this city. Mr. and Mrs. Gfroerer now have one datighter, Helen Christine, who was born on Christmas day of 1904.

In his political views I\Ir. Gfroerer is a stalwart Democrat, recognized as one of the leaders of the party in this city, his opinions carrying weight in its councils. He is a charter member of the Commercial Club and of the Young Btisiness Men's Club, which have done so much for Terre Haute. He is also associated with a number of fraternal orders and is in entire sympathy with the beneficent and helpful spirit upon which they are founded.

Josh T. Craxdell. - \"igo county has been signally favored in the class of men who have occupied its offices and administered its public afifairs, and in this connection Josh T. Crandell deserves mention, being the efficient clerk of the circuit court, in which connection the promptness, fidelity and accuracy with which he discharges his duties have gained for him uniform commendation. A native son of the county, he was born in Honey Creek township, July 22. 1869. His parents were Samuel j\l. and Elizabeth (Foxworthy) Crandell, both natives of Kentucky. The grandfather. Joshua T. Crandell, however, was born in Canada and on crossing the border into the United States made his way to Tennessee, whence he afterward removed to Kentucky. He was a strong Union man during the troublous times of the Civil war and he and his family were practically' driven away from Kentucky by the hostility of the people of that state. He never faltered in his allegiance to the stars and stripes, however, and on leaving the south established his home in Honey Creek township, \'igo countv, Indiana, where he settled upon a farm which he made his home throughout his remaining days, his death occurring in 1883. The maternal grandfather of our subject was William Foxworthy, a native of Nelson county, Kentucky, who settled in Honey Creek township, Vigo county, in 1840. There he followed the occupation of farming until his death, which occurred in 1850. At the time of the Civil war, however, he put aside all personal and business considerations, enlisting in defense of the Union cause, as a, member of the Eighth Regiment of Kentucky Cavalry. He served until the expiration of his term, holding the rank of first lieutenant, but the war still continued, and not content to remain at home while the preservation of the Union was still a matter of doubt, he joined the Thirteenth Regiment of Kentucky Cavalry and became captain of Company G. With that rank he continued at the front until the close of hostilities, valiantly doing his duty in defense of the stars and stripes. His brother. Daniel Crandell, also served with the Eighth Kentucky Regiment. Throughout the period of his residence in Vigo county, Samuel Crandell has been luimbered among the leading and influential residents of Honey Creek township. Fie is known as an upright, honorable man and a trustworthy citizen, and for two terms he served his fellow townsmen in the office of township trustee. He is also a valued representative of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. His wife died in August, 1906, at the age of sixty-five years, while Mr. Crandell is now in his seventieth year.

Josh T. Crandell, whose name introduces this record, early became familiar with the task of plowing and planting the fields and gathering the harvests, being instructed in these labors by his father in his boyhood days. His intellectual training was received in the township schools until 1888, when he entered the State Normal, spending two years as a student in that institution. He afterward engaged in teaching, devoting altogether ten years to that profession, although his service was not consecutive. He read law in the office of Judge I. N. Pierce, of Terre Haute, and in 1895 was admitted to the bar, after which he was connected with the legal interests of the citv until i8q8. With the blood of a patriotic ancestry flowing in his veins he offered his services to the oovernment and became a private of Company B, One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Regiment of Indiana Vokmteers. In Jidy of tliat \ear he was made paymaster's clerk in the northern division, and on the 14th of December, 1898, he was ordered to Cuba in that capacity, serving in Cuba until June, 1899, when he was honorably discharged and returned to Terre Haute.

In ^Nlay. 1907, Air. Crandell was appointed as clerk of the \ igo circuit court by William H. Berry, and is now faithfully discharging the duties of that position. He is prominent in Social Lodge, Xo. 86, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, of which he is now serving as Master, and he also belongs to the Improved Order Red Men and the \\'abash Cycling Club. His entire life having been passed in this county, he is well known here, and the fact that a great number of his friends are those with whom he has been acquainted from his boyhood, indicates that he has always so as to win the confidence and respect of his fellowmen.

\\'iLLi.\M F. - As an organizer and a foremost factor in man)- of the leading business institutions of West Terre Haute, William F. \\'agner fills an important position in the business life of the city. During a number of years past he has been an im]3ortant factor in the real estate field, and he was also one of the organizers and is now a stockholder and treasurer of the West Terre Haute Canning Company, which began operations in 1906. In 1905 he organized the Wabash Coal Company, of which he served as the manager for one year, and for four years was also manager of the \\'. F. Wagner Coal Company. In the business as well as the political life of the community, he exerts a prominent influence.

-Mr. Wagn.er was born in Sandusky, CMiio, August 14, 1864, a son of John F. and Theresa (Schumaker) Wagner. The father was born at Steinfelt, Germany, September 29, 181 3, and when he had attained the age of thirteen years he began learning the potter's trade, in time becoming verv proficient in the business and he worked at it in several countries of Europe. From Germany he went to Switzerland, thence to Russia, Africa, Holland. Italy, France, Austria, and also followed his calling at Westminster Abbey before sailing to America. It was in 1848 that he came to the United States, and from Xew York city he made his way to Cincinnati, thence to Cleveland and on to Sandusky, while in 1872 he continued his westward journey to Clarke county, Illinois. After a residence there for nine years he came to West Terre Haute in 1881. and here he remained until his death on the 17th of February, 1901. After coming to

America he resumed the potter's trade in Sandusi<y, but after removing to Clarke county he turned his attention to farming, and in West Terre Haute he truclved and gardened. During the later years of his life he gave his political support to the Republican party, and both he and his wife were members of the German Evangelical church. Mrs. Wagner was born near the birthplace of her husband in 1841, but it was not until after they came to America that they became acquainted. She made the voyage to this country in 1852 with her father, her mother having died in Germany, and they established their home in Sandusky, Ohio, where the daughter later gave her hand in marriage to Mr. Wagner. Their union resulted in the birth of seven children, namely : Catherine, the wife of David Dreese, of Terre Haute: William F., of this review; Frank, who also maintains his residence in Terre Haute ; Emma, the wife of L. F. Wagner, of Terre Haute ; Elizabeth, the wife of Joseph Arthur, of West Terre Haute ; John J. and Lewis, also of this city.

The public schools of Clarke county and West Terre Haute furnished William F. Wagner with his educational training, and at the age of twenty-one years he began his business life as a gardener in West Terre Haute, continuing the cultivation of a garden of eleven acres for fifteen years, and at tlie same time he also farmed a tract of fifty acres and conducted a coal business during the winter months. During four years thereafter he mined for coal, and he then turned his attention to the real estate business, conducting this for a time in connection with his coal operations. His real estate interests have gradually increased in volume and importance, and he is now the owner of eighteen houses and lots in West Terre Haute, also owns eight unimproved lots and a farm of twentyfive acres. As a Republican he has served on the school board for six vears and at one time was the candidate for the office of town treasurer. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, West Terre Haute Lodge, No. 521, in which he holds the office of keeper of records and seal.

yir. Wagner has laid out three additions in West Terre Haute, known as Wagner's First, Wagner's Second and Wagner's Third addition, all in the vicinit\- of his residence. These additions were laid out in 1902 and 1903.

On the 2ist of October, 1888, Mr. Wagner was united in marriage to Ella G. Bennett, who was born in Merom, Indiana, January 9, 1867, and she remained at home until one year previous to her marriage. Seven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Wagner : Eva, Walter, Chester, Ruby, Clarence, Leola and Cleora, all of whom are at home with the exception of Eva, who is attending the t^^nion Christian College, at ]\Ierom, Lidiana.

is about a century old, being the property of Mrs. Wagner's great-grandfather Bennett. This is the only clock of the kind- found in Vigo county. Mrs. Wagner's maternal great-grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and the Bennett family have an old leather pocketbook which he carried during the war.

Charles C. Wiiitlock. - The bar of Terre Haute numbers many able members of important litigated interests which are carefully handled by men thoroughly conversant with the principles of jurisprudence and accurate in their application to the points in controversy. Such an attorney is Charles C. Whitlock, today enjoying an extensive business as junior member of the firm of Colliver & Whitlock. He is yet a young man, so that there is every reason to believe that he will make still further advancement and win still higher successes and honors in his chosen calling.

I\Ir. Whitlock was born in A'ermilion count}', Blinois, on the 22d of January, 1877, and is a son of the Rev. Isaac C. and Donna IMartha (Glick) Whitlock. His paternal grandfather was Squire Thomas Whitlock, a native of Tennessee, 'and a descendant of a prominent old \ irginia family. As a young man he . was intimateh' acquainted in Tennessee with Gen. Andrew Jackson, and a cane which was presented to him by the hero of New Orleans is now in possession of the family. He left the South in February, 1817, and became a resident of Vermilion county, Illinois, almost simultaneously with the admission of the state into the Union. It was in 1818 that Illinois acquired the dignity of statehood. There he became a large landowner and was closely associated with the early development of that section of the country, living there when its great broad prairies were largely unclaimed and uncultivated, being covered with their native grasses, while along the streams the forests were as yet undisturbed by the hand of the white man. Squire Whitlock became a prominent and influential resident of his community and spent his remaining days in Vermilion county.

The maternal grandfather of Mr. Whitlock was George G. Glick, a pioneer brewer of Terre Haute, who at an early day came to Indiana from Pennsylvania and built the old brewery that long stood on the banks of the river. Later in life he removed to a farm in M.go county and continued to make it his place of abode until he was called to his final rest.

The Rev. Isaac Whitlock was born at the old family homestead in Vermilion county, Illinois, in 1843, ^^'^^ reared to the occupation of farming and was identified with agricultural interests in his native state until i8c;2. owning there a good farm property. In the year mentioned.

however, he removed to Terre Haute, where he is now living retired, deriving a good income from his property interests. He has long been a minister of the Predestination Baptist church, giving his service gratuitously to the cause, never accepting money for his religious work. He wedded ]\Iiss jMartha Click, a native of Terre Haute, born in 1850.

Charles C. Whitlock was reared on the home farm in Vermilion count}-, Illinois, and the district schools afforded him his earlv educational privileges, while for two years he was a student in the Quaker Academy at A'ermilion Grove, Illinois. He afterward attended the Terre Haute high school, completing the course in a year and a half. He then took up the study of law in- the office of A. A. Beacher in this city ar.d later entered DePauw University at Greencastle, Indiana, where he pursued his studies in 1899 and 1900, taking the course in oratory and in special sciences. In the spring of 1898 he had volunteered for service in the Spanish-American war as a member of Company B, One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Indiana \'olunteer Infantry, with which he served from April until late November of that year.

Returning- from the university in 1900 Mr. Whitlock entered the law office of AI. C. Hamill, with whom he continued for a year, when he was admitted to the bar. He retained his place in Air. Hamill's office, however, for another year, and in 1902 formed a partnership with D. C. Slocum, under the firn-i name of Whitlock & Slocum. This relationship was continued for a year, after w-hich Mr. Whitlock practiced alone for a few months- and later became a member of the firm of Beacher & Whitlock. When their association had been maintained for two and a half years Mr. Beacher withdrew and removed to Alabama and on the 1st of December, 1906, the present firm of Colliver & Whitlock was formed, the senior member being Judge P. O. Colliver, a former judge of the circuit court of Putnam and Clay counties.

Mr. \Miitlock married Miss Birdella E. Smith, a daughter of Henry Smith, now deceased, and a coal operator in the Brazil coal field. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Whitlock has been born one son, Douglas, named in honor of his uncle. Douglas Smith, who was a prominent newspaper man of Terre Haute. ]\Ir. Whitlock belongs to both the subordinate lodge and the Uniform Rank of the Knights of Pythias and is also associated with the Red Men, the Order of Owls and the Independent Order of Odd Eellows, in which organizations he has many friends. He is a prominent member of the Democratic party and in 1906 was its nominee for the office of prosecuting attorney. He has always been interested in manly outdoor sports and while in college was one of the noted football plavers of the middle west. He has never lost an ardent interest in outdoor athletics and uses much of his leisure time for partici- pation therein. He is a typical young man of the middle west, alert, energetic and determined, finding time for pleasure and relaxation and thus bringing to bear well developed powers in the control of his professional interests. He has been a close and discriminating student of law, and earnest application, careful analysis and a clear understanding of proportionate values in the points of his case have been elements in his success at tlie bar.

Frederick; \\'. Hoff is one of Terre Haute's pioneer German citizens and one of her leading business men, his name having long been associated with its grocery interests. He was born in the province of Hesse-Nassau, (Jermany, September 23, 1836, a son of John Christian and Anna Catherine (Shaky) Hoff, both of whom were also born in the fatherland, the father in 181 1 and the mother in 181 5. They came with their family of three children to America in 1847, ^'''cl first established their home at Troy, the county seat of Lincoln county, Missouri, remaining there until the spring of 1848. and in the meantime they looked about for a permanent location. They had an uncle living at Troy at the time, and it was through his influence they were induced to go to Missouri, but as the slave question was then rife in that state they did not care to remain permanently. While living at Troy their son I'rederick. then but a boy, witnessed a sale of slaves, and the sight was so repugnant to him that he has never forgotten it, and all his life he has been a strong opposer to anything tending to slavery, either of white or black, and he considers it a blessing that God permitted him to help as a soldier in the great Civil war to wipe out the institution.

There also lived at Troy at that time John Frederick Hoff, a cousin of John Christian, who had come from Germany with them, and in the winter of 1848 the two families left Troy and went to St. Louis, where the women and children waited until the two men could seek out a permanent location in Clay county. Indiana. From St. Louis the two walked the entire distance to Bowling Green, then the county seat of Clav county, their route being along the National road, then but a mere trail, and at that time there was not a railroad entering Terre Haute. Neither of the Hoft's could speak English, but they got along very well under the circumstances, and at Bowling Green found a large settlement of Germans who had been there for eight or ten years, and some of whom they knew. John C. Hoff' at once purchased a tract of forty acres in that location, the deed for which was made out on sheepskin and signed by President Andrew Jackson, and is now in the possession of his son Frederick. Before purchasing land in Clay county, however, the two Hoffs looked over Terre Haute and this vicinity, but the low land and the many streams and swamps prevailing here were so unpromising that they decided against this prairie land. At that time Terre Haute contained about five or six thousand inhabitants, and the city was built along the river, not extending much beyond what is now Third street, east.

In Clay county at that time the country was new, improvements few and primitive, and there were no schools. The first home of the Hoflf family was a rough log cabin of one room. Their land had to be cleared and then broken for cultivation, and as a boy of twelve Frederick performed his full share of the hard pioneer labor till seventeen years old. In the spring of 1848 the two elder Hoflfs returned to St. Louis for their families, and with them they took passage on a steamboat down the Mississippi river, thence up the Ohio to the Wabash and up that stream to Terre Haute, where they were taken into the home and cared for by Mr. Fred Bellert, a brewer in Terre Haute at that time. They were strangers then, but they have since proved good and true friends. The two families were accomp?.nied from Germany and from Missouri by a sister of Mrs. Hoff, Miss Christena Shaley, who afterward became Mrs. Alex Bolsanis, a pioneer brick maker of this city. From Terre Haute the Hoffs were taken to Clay county by wagons, and there they maintained their home until 1866, when they sold their farm there and came to Terre Haute, purchasing two small places on Twenty-fifth and Twenty-ninth streets. John C. Hoflf died in October, 1876, -but his wife survived him for twenty years and died in 1896. In their family were the following children: Frederick W., the subject of this review; Caroline, who was born in Germany, and married ^Villia^^ Dunner, formerly a barber on Main street. South Bend, but now a resident of Golden, Colorado ; Minnie, also born in Germany, and the wife of Huldrich Froeb, a grocery merchant at the corner of Fifteenth and Main streets; William H., who was born in Bovvling Green, Clay county, Indiana, and is now the manager of the Hulman farm near this citv, and Henry, who was also born in Clay county and now resides on North Eighth street of Terre Haute, a carpenter. The parents were members of the German Reformed church.

Frederick W. Hoff received four years of his schooling in his native land, and as there were no schools in Clay county when the familv first located there, the boy was sent to Terre Haute to attend school during the winter months when there was no work to be done on the farm. He was sent there principally to learn English, and while in school made his home with his aunt, Mrs. Bolsanis. When he first enrolled his name among the students of this city in 1850 the public school was held in the basement of the Universalist church at the southeast corner of Ohio and Fourth streets, and its principal, a Mr. Spencer, had as his assistants j\Iiss Lizzie Tillison, whose father was then the leading jeweler on Main street, and Caroline Lang, a daughter of Squire Lang, at one time mayor of Terre Haute. There was but one other school in Terre Haute at that time.

After completing his education young Hoff decided that the farm was not to be the scene of his future activities, for when but a lad of fifteen he had made up his mind to be a merchant. In 1853, after much pleading, he won his father's consent to leave the farm and come to the city, promising, however, that he would return and help with the harvest, and he kept this promise faithfully until he was twenty-five. Thus he began his business career in Terre Haute, with but a limited education, no money, no experience and but a very few friends. His capital was his abiding faith in God and his goodness and in his own ability to make his way in life, strengthened by a determination to succeed through honesty and integrity. In the meantime his uncle, F. W. Shaley, an old citizen of Terre Haute, and who had gone from Troy, Missouri, to the copper mines of Michigan, through the influence of his two sisters, came to Terre Haute and built his home on the comer of Eighth and Poplar streets and engaged in the grocery business. It was for him that young Hoff began his work as a clerk, and after continuing in that capacitv for ten years he purchased the business of his uncle. In 1863 he enlisted in Company I, Seventy-sixth Indiana Regiment, for the Morgan raid, and in !May of 1864 became a member of Company I, One Hundred and Thirty-third Indiana Regiment, for one hundred days' service, receiving his discharge in September, 1864.

After the close of the war, having previously purchased the store property on the northeast corner of Wabash avenue and Thirteenth streets, ]Mr. Hoff, in 1865, engaged in the retail grocery business and has since continued in the same line of trade in the same place, having built a store in 1876. In 1870 he built his substantial brick residence at 1307 Main street. In addition to his large grocery business he is also engaged in pork packing, farming and the feed business in a small wav, and has long been numbered among the city's leading business men. He is a member of Morton Post, X^o. i, G. A. R., and of the German Reformed church, of which he has served as an official for about thirty years.

C^n the 2d of May, 1867, Mr. Hoff married JMary D. Shaley, who was born in the same locality in Germany as her husband, October 16, 1847, a daughter of John Frederick and Caroline ( Englebrecht ) Shaley. She came alone to this country in 1863. Her mother died in Germany in Mav. 1865, and in the same year the father joined his daughter in the United States, locating in Terre Haute, where he died in March of 1892.

The following children have been born to Air. and Mrs. Eloff: Emma Katharine, born February 2"]. 1868, is the wife of George Beasler, a meat dealer on ]\Iain and Fourteenth streets ; William H.. born July 25, 1876, and manager of the grocery business; Frederick W., Jr., born April 2},, 1878, is a carpenter; Clara Ellen, born February 4, 1880, taught in the citv schools for five or six years, and in C)ctober, 1907, married Leonard Croft of this city; Albert J., born August 27, 1882, and Otto Herman, born February 8, 1885, bookkeeper in store, is one of twin sons, his brother dying at the age of two and a half years. .\11 of the sons are at home with their parents.

George M. Crane. - In no profession is there a career more open to talent than in that of the law, and in no field of activity is there demanded a more careful preparation, a more thorough appreciation of the absolute ethics of life or of the underlying principles which form the basis of all human rights and privileges. Unflagging application, an intuitive wisdom and a determination to thoroughly utilize the means at hand are the concomitants which insure personal success in this great profession, which stands as the stern conservator of justice, and it is one which none should enter without a recognition of the obstacles to be overcome and the battles to be won. Possessing the requisite qualities of an able lawyer, Mr. Crane is now accorded a liberal clientage as senior partner of the firm of Crane & Miller, of Terre Haute, where he is also known as a popular citizen. His boyhood days were passed amid the quiet environment of a farm in Rush county, Indiana, upon which he was born. November 5, 1864, of the marriage of Isaac and Belinda (Camerer) Crane, both of whom are now deceased. The former was a son of William H. Crane, a native of Kentucky, who became one of the early settlers of Rush county, Indiana. The maternal grandfather was Daniel Camerer. a native of Kentucky, who settled in Rush county, Indiana, in 181 7 - almost coincident with the admission of the state into the Union. Both the Crane and Camerer families were farming people.

George ]\I. Crane was reared to the work of the farm, following the plow in early boyhood and gathering the crops in the autumn. He attended the common schools, after which he began teaching, and he further pursued his own education as a student in Danville (Indiana) College, from which he graduated. Devoting some time to educational work as a teacher, he was thus connected with the public schools of Indiana, Illinois and Texas, following the teacher's profession through the winter months, while in the summer seasons he continued his own studies in Danville College. His work in the profession of teaching he regarded merely as an initial step to other professional labor, for it was his desire to become a member of the bar. He therefore read law in the office of Morgan & Morris, at Ruslivillc, Indiana, and was admitted to the bar in Rnshville in 1890. He began the practice of his profession in Terre Haute, first as a member of the firm of Mack, Henr}' & Crane, while later the firm of JNIack & Crane was formed, and eventually the present firm of Crane & IMiller. His law work is now of an important character, connecting him with much of the litigation tried in the courts. He prepares his cases with great thoroughness and care, throws himself easily and naturally into the argument and in his presentation displays a precision and clearness in his statement and an acuteness and strength in his reasoning which have won for him many favorable verdicts.

Mr. Crane was married July 14. i88g, to Miss Florence Meloy, a daughter of W. H. Meloy, of Scottsburg, Indiana, and she died in February, 1892, at the age of twenty-four years.

Mr. Crane is prominent in Democratic politics and was a delegate to the Democratic national convention of 1900. He stands as an able exponent of the principles of his party, keeping at all times in touch with the political situation of the country. Aside from his profession he has many interests. He is a member of the board of managers of the Rose Polytechnic Institute and secretary to the board since 1901. He was one of the owners and promoters of beautiful Forest Park, a suburb of Terre Haute. He is also interested in associated charities and at the time of the fearful and ever-memorable powder explosion at Fontanet. this count}', in the fall of 1907, he was appointed by Alayor Lyons a member of the Terre Haute relief committee. He has taken an active interest in advancing measures of public improvement and progress and was largely instrumental in securing that public improvement, the paving of Maxwell grade between Terre Haute and West Terre Haute. He was a delegate to the Indianapolis waterways convention and also a delegate to the national waterways convention at Memphis, Tennessee, in 1907. He is a director in the Young Business Men's Club and active in all its work. He likewise belongs to the Commercial Club and in his fraternal relations is connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. His public service has resulted in tangible benefits and he may well be termed a practical idealist, for while he aims high, the methods which he uses to accomplish his purposes are such as are evolved through present conditions. He seizes, however, the opportunity for the co-ordination of forces and his foresight enables him to recognize what may be accomplished.

D. Rrss Wood. - The business interests and enterprises which contribute to the commercial prosperity and consequent upbuilding of Terre Haute find a worthy representative in D. Russ Wood, who is now president and treasurer of the Foster Furniture Company. He was born in Montreal, Canada, November 27, 1876, and was but five years of age when his parents moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado, where he was reared to manhood, acquiring a good English education, his public school course being supplemented by study in Colorado College. He began his business career on the editorial staif of a newspaper in Colorado Springs, and a few years later was employed by the Crosby-Ehrick Syndicate, brokers in mining and mining stock, which he represented on the Stock E.xchange in Colorado Springs for two years.

Desiring to enter the railroad service Mr. Wood accepted a position with the \'anclalia Railroad Company in the engineering department, and came to Terre Haute in the capacity of an engineer in the year of 1898. Promotion followed in recognition of his fidelity and capability, and he continued with the railroad company imtil 1903, when he accepted the position of manager with the Terre Haute \'itrified Brick Company and continued in control of the business until 1906, or until the death of Mr. Foster, his father-in-law, a prominent furniture dealer and the founder of the Foster Furniture Company, whom he succeeded as president and treasurer of the company. This is one of the oldest and the leading furniture houses of the city. The house sustains an unassailable reputation for the character of its goods and the reliability of its methods, and in its treatment of employes, those in its service recognizing that faithfulness means promotion as opportunity offers. Aside from his interests as a merchant Mr. Wood is a director of the Terre Haute Vitrified Brick Company, also of the Forest Park Company, and is treasurer of the Terre Haute Retail IMerchants" Association, an organization which has as its object the futherance of trade interests in this city.

In 1904 Mr. Wood was united in marriage to Aliss ]\Iary Foster, of Terre Haute, and in social circles they hold an enviable position. They attend the First Congregational church, of which Mr. Wood is a trustee, while of the Young Men's Club of the church he has served as vice president. He also belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, is a member of the Young Business Men's Club and a director on the board of the Union Hospital. In all that he does he is actuated by humanitarian principles, and while he has been a successful business man he has never concentrated his energies upon business affairs to the exclusion of those interests which have bearing upon man's relations to his fellow men, his city and his country. In politics he is a Republican.

William Walter Kaufman, so well known as a public spirited citizen of Terre Haute, and its leading merchant in the fancy grocery business, is a native of that city, born on the 13th of January, 1861. He is a son of Andrew and Catharine (Meyer) Kaufman, both natives of Florence, Germany. Andrew Kaufman was born in 1832. and enjoyed excellent educational advantages in the fatherland. He married before he emigrated to America, and reached the port of New York on the Eourth of July, 1852. The familv' passed on to Utica. New York, where the home remained for about a year and a half, after which it was transferred to Terre Haute, which has proven to be quite a permanent abiding place. When Andrew Kaufman first located in this city he became an inn keeper, on South Fourth street. Subsequently he erected the three-story brick building on the corner of Wabash avenue and Seventh street, which is now the most central and prominent location in the central business district of Terre Haute. Still later he purchased what is now the Terre Haute brewery, but died about a year thereafter, after having reached prominence as one of the leading German-American citizens of the place. His death occurred in September, 1869, and the deceased had acquired high standing not only as an honorable and successful business man, but as an efficient citizen of public alifairs who had materially contributed to the city's advancement. He had evinced especial interest and ability in the common school system, serving for eight years as a member of the city school board.

William W. Kaufman was reared in Terre Haute, attended its city schools, and his first occupation was that of a tobacco stripper. Soon afterward he became a driver of a delivery wagon for Wright & Kaufman, the latter member of the firm being his brother, P. J. Kaufman. Later he became a clerk in the retail grocery of Wright & King, which was succeeded by Wright & Kaufman, and in 1901 he engaged in the retail grocery business for himself at his father's old location, corner of Wabash avenue and Seventh street. There he continued until September 3, 1907, when he removed to his present handsome quarters on Ohio street, between Sixth and Seventh streets, the building being expressly erected for him. He there conducts one of the largest establishments of the kind in the state. As to the store, it is convenient and modern in every detail.

Mr. Kaufman has not confined his advancement to progress in the business world, but has cheerfully accepted a good citizen's share of the public burdens. He has served two years in the city council as a representative at large, and was an unsuccessful candidate for the mayoralty on the Republican ticket. He is an active member of the Retail Merchants' Association and of the Commercial and Young Business

Alcn's Clubs, and prominent in the fraternities, belonging to the }\Iasonic order, Knights of Pythias (Uniform Rank Xo. 83), Elks, Eagles and Knights and Ladies of Honor.

Cii.\RLES F. I\IcC.\BE. - The commercial interests of Terre Haute find in Charles E. McCabe a well known and worthy representative. He is now proprietor of the Hoosier Lumber Company, establishing the business in 1907. Although but a year has since elapsed, he has succeeded in securing a liberal patronage that argues well for a successful future.

Mr. McCabe was born and reared in Areola, Illinois, and acquired a high school education. He afterward pursued a commercial course and gained his early business experience as a clerk in a general store in his native town. He desired the opportunities and advantages of a larger city, however, and in 1893 came to Terre Haute, accepting the position of bookkeeper with the Wabash Lumber Company, with which he remained until 1899. The firm then sold out to the Hooton Lumber Company and Mr. McCabe became one of the partners. He was then connected with that enterprise until March, 1907, when he disposed of his interests and organized the Hoosier Lumber Company, erecting a lumber yard and purchasing a large stock of lumber and kindred pro- \ ducts. .'\s a retail dealer in all kinds of building materials he has already developed a satisfactory trade and his patronage is steadilv increasing.

In 1900 occurred the marriage of Charles F. McCabe and Aliss Gertrude Wagner, of Terre Haute. They are well known socially and have a constantly growing circle of friends. Mr. jNIcCabe is a member of the Elks lodge and of the Young Business Men's Club. From early boyhood, dependent upon his own resources, whatever success he has achieved is attributable to his labor and energy, and moreover he possesses an understanding of the real values of life and the opportunities of the business world, so that his friends feel no hesitancy in prophesying larger successes for him in the future.

Robert S.mder is vice president of the Reese-Snider Lumber Company and his business career has been marked by orderly progression. He is eminently a man of business sense and easily avoids the mistakes and disaster that come to those who, though possessing remarkable faculties in some respects, are liable to erratic movements that result in unwarranted risk and failure. His course, on the contrary, has been marked by steady advancement, based upon a thorough understanding of business conditions in his charge and thus he has gained his present

Mr. Snider was born in Spencer county, near Cardstown, Kentucky, September 24, 1850, and was three years of age when his parents, Christopher N. and Susan (Lusk) Snider, removed from the ISlue Grass state to Sullivan county, Indiana, settling there upon a farm. The father was a native of Kentucky and a member of one of the old families of that state, but the mother was born in Ireland and was fifteen years of age when she came to .America. The Sniders originally were of Pennsylvania (ierman stock, 1jut became identified with Kentucky's develo])ment during its pioneer epoch. The father, following his removal to Indiana, devoted his life to agricultural pursuits, and Robert Snider was reared to manhood on the home farm and afforded the educational privileges of the public schools. At the age of seventeen years he began teaching and followed that profession for six years in Sullivan and Parke counties of this state. He further qualified for a business career by pursuing a commercial course in Terre Haute, and was with A. G. Austin & Company, hardware dealers of Terre Haute, in the capacity of bookkeeper for four years. In 1878 he accepted the position of bookkeeper for the lumber firni of Eshman & Reese, of this city, and eventually the firm became Reese. Snider & Company, upon the admission of Mr. Snider to a partnership in 18S5. This relation was maintained for ten Acars. \vhen the business was incorporated in 1895 as the Reese-Snider Lumber Company, retail dealers in lumber and building material. The business has enjoyed a gratifying growth commensurate with the development of the city, and the patronage of the house is now extensive.

In 1874 Robert Snider was married to Miss Mary Strange and they have three children : Walter Edward, Harry D. and Mary Edith. Mr. Snider is a Democrat in political belief, but not an aggressive partisan. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity and to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and is interested in much that pertains to the welfare and substantial growth of Terre Haute. As a business man he embodies all the elements of what, in this country, we term a "square" man - one in whom to have confidence, a dependable man in any relation and any emergency. His quietude of deportment, his easy dignity, his frankness and cordiality of address, with the total absence of anything sinister or anvthing to conceal, foretoken a man who is ready to meet any obligation of life with a confidence and courage that come of conscious personal ability, right conception of things and an habitual regard for what is best in the exercise of human activities.

James L. Armstronq, an equal >artner with M. C. Rankin in the M. C. Rankin Lumber Company, is a lative of VermiHon county, IIHnois, born July 30, i860. His father, Thomas Armstrong, was born near Xew London, Ohio, and when twenty-one years of age removed westward, becoming one of the pioneer residents of Champaign county, Illinois. He settled near Homer and aided in reclaiming that district for the uses of the white race, converting a wild and unimproved region into one of rich fertility. In 1850 he was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Smith, a native of Illinois, her birth having occurred in Champaign county. Soon after their marriage the young couple settled at Rossville. in A'ermilion county, Illinois, and the father became a prominent farmer and extensive and successful stock-raiser and dealer. He manifested indefatigable energy in carrying on his business affairs, and his diligence, intelligently applied, constituted the basis of his gratifying success. In politics he was a stanch Republican, with firm belief in the value of the party principles and with a strong hope of their ultimate adoption. He did not seek nor desire office, however, but as a private citizen did everything in his power to advance the welfare of the community in which he lived. He died in 1895, when sixty-five years of age, while his .wife passed away in 1877, at the age of forty-eight. Their family numbered two sons and three daughters.

No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life for James L. Armstrong in his boyhood and youth. He spent his minority under the parental roof and acquired a common school education, which was supplemented by a high school course, completed in 1880. Thinking to find other pursuits more congenial than agriculture, he immediately engaged in the lumber and grain business in Armstrong, Illinois, a town which was named in honor of his father. There he conducted his interests with success until April, 1902, when, seeking a broader field of labor, he came to Terre Haute and purchased a half interest in the M. C. Rankin Lumber Company. For six years he has now been identified with the commercial interests of the city and his labors have been an important element in the success which has attended the company in the lumber trade.

In 1884 Mr. .Armstrong was married to Miss Clara E. Smith, a native of Armstrong, Illinois, and their union has been blessed with four children : E. Dean, Hazel Emily, Anna Lucille and Raymond L. The family home is attractive by reason of its warm-hearted and cordial hospitality and both Mr. and ]\Irs. .Armstrong occupy an enviable position in social circles. In his fraternal relations he is a Knight of Pythias, while politically he is a Republican. He is not an aspirant for office, however, and yet is a public-spirited man, whose aid and co-operation can always be counted upon to further the best interests of the city and state. His course has been marked by steady progress, owing to his ready recognition and utilization of opportunity. He has always realized the fact that the present and not the future is the advantageous moment and has faithfully performed his daily duties, gaining therefrom strength and encouragement for the labors of the succeeding day. Thus busily engaged with commercial interests, the years have brought him a creditable measure of success, making him one of the representative lumber merchants of Terre Haute.

\\'iLLi.\-M E. Ei>i>i:uT. - The general admiration which goes out to all strong men who have advanced their lives by honorable methods and masterly management is the good fortune of William E. Eppert, of Terre Haute, one of the most widely known coal operators in tlie middle west. When to this attitude of a community is added' affection and gratitude for the generous expenditure of ability, means and heart in the advancement of practical helpfulness and uplifting movements, a citizen thus hedged about by warm and inspiring influences has reached one of the most enviable of worldly positions. The brief record of the life of William E. Eppert cannot but place him in that class. A native of Clay county, Indiana, he was born on the 28th of March. 1858, a son of George W'. and Sarah (Jones) Eppert, the father being a native of Ohio, of German extraction, who came to the county when only two years of age. The boy was reared to years of maturity on the liome farm, and given the benefit of the district schools, as well as the high schools of Clay and \'igo counties, in 1878 completing his education in the Terre Haute^ Commercial College. He had already taught a school year, but after completing his business course secured a clerkship in a store, and has never since felt disposed to resume the duties of the teacher.

In 1880 Mr. Eppert was made manager of the store at Carbon, Indiana, operated by the Coal Bluff Mining Company, and eight years thereafter was elected a director and secretary, this advancem-ent necessitating his removal to Terre Haute in 1888. His rise in the management of the company was rapid, and he was soon made its vice president, which position carried much of the active superintendence of the business. The Coal Bluff Mining Company is one of the largest independent coal mining organizations in the state, employing about 1,600 men and producing 1,000,000 tons per annum. In 1875 the concern was incorporated with a capital of $7,500, its initial business being founded upon the output of one small mine. It now embraces the product of nine well regulated modern mines, located in A'igo, Clay and Greene counties, on the lines of the Big Four, Chicago & Eastern Illinois and Southern Indiana railways. Mr. Eppert is also vice president of the Terre Haute Coal and

Lime Compan_v, and president of the Eureka Block Coal Company, whose operations are in the block coal fields of Clay county. The latter was iirganized in 1894, and operates one mine with about 100 men. ]\Ir. Eppert is also extensively interested in the Coal Creek Coal Company, owning a large tract of coal land in A'igo county on the Big Four and Southern Indiana railways. This property is not }et developed. In January, 1904. ^Ir. Eppert was chosen president of the Home Furniture and Carpet Company, one of the largest houses of its kind in Terre Haute. At one time he was secretary of the Bituminous Coal (Operators' Association of Indiana. The above simple record shows him to be one of the most influential factors in the coal development of Indiana, as well as one of her leading merchants. He is an active member of the Terre Haute Commercial and Young Business Men's Clubs.

For years Mr. Eppert has faithfully devoted much of his means and a large portion of his time to the furtherance of the religious, charitable and reformatory movements of the city, in the performance of these duties conforming to the highest type of Americanism. He has been an active and influential leader in the work of the Centenary Methodist Episcopal church, of which he has served as treasurer for the past ten years. For five years he has also been su]5erintendent of the Sundav school of his church. Since the organization in Terre Flaute of the Young Men's Christian Association he has been a substantial and earnest supporter. He is president of the board of the Light House Mission, which is a nonsectarian body supported by the various religious organizations of the city. The board is now erecting a building on Ohio street west of Second, its special mission being to assist the deserving poor in that part of the city. Since becoming a resident of Terre Haute in 1888 he has been ah active member of the Royal Arcanum, but otherwise is not identified wath the secret, fraternal and benevolent orders. In politics he is a stanch Republican, although, as in his religious belief, he is broad, charitable and liberal, and does not allow partisanship to interfere with his conscience.

On the i6th of March, 1880, Mr. Eppert was married in Clay county to Miss Ida L. Stephenson, a native of the county named. Eight children have been born to this imion. of whom Helen Gertrude, born in 1901, died in infancy. Those living are as follows: Carl Ellis, a musical student in Berlin, Germany ; Mary Dorothy, attending the Illinois Woman's College ; Lillian Charlotte, also a pupil at that institution ; William Stephenson, pursuing a course at the State Normal School, Terre Haute; Richard Thompson, also a student there ; Winifred \'irginia and Frances Elizabeth Eppert.

Judge Presley O. Colliver. senior member of the law firm of CoUiver & W'hitlock, of Terra Haute, and ex-circuit judge of the thirteenth judicial district, has been identified with the Indiana bar since 1881, and has attained more than local distinction by reason of his ability in handling important litigated interests before the court, and the equity and impartiality of his decisions while upon the bench. He comes from the state that has produced many eminent lawyers and jurists, for his birth occurred in Montgomery county, Kentucky, on the i ith of Alay. 1852. He is a son of Samuel and Susan (Thomson) Colliver. and a grandson of Richard Colliver, who was the founder of the family in America. He was born in Scotland and when attracted by the new world he came to America and established his home in Montgomery county, Kentucky, among its early residents.

Samuel Colliver. living for a long period in the Blue Grass state, eventually brought his family to Indiana and settled upon a farm in Putnam county, in November, 1853. There he and his wife resided until a few years ago, when they removed to the village of Bainbridge, that county, and there I\Irs. Colliver still resides, being now in the ninetieth year of her age. The father devoted his entire life to general agricultural pursuits and his carefully directed interests brought him the competence that enabled him to spend his last days in retirement from labor. He died in the village of Bainbridge in March, 1901, at the age of eighty-three years.

Judge Colliver was only a few months old at the time of the family's removal to Indiana, so that he was reared upon the homestead farm in Putnam county and gained in a free and open rural life the physical development that has well qualified him for arduous professional labors in later years. His early educational training was received in the district schools, while later he had the opportunity of attending the gradcfl schools of the village of Bainbridge. His collegiate course was pursued at Asbury University, now DePauw, in 1871-2, and after leaving college he taught for about six years, proving a capable educator, who readily recognized the needs of his pupils and imparted to them with readiness and accuracy the knowledge the he had acquired. In his educational work he displayed some of the salient characteristics which have made him an able and leading lawyer. When he had taught school for six years he took up the study of law in the office of Claypool & Ketchum, of Indianapolis, and following his admission to the bar in 1881. he began the practice of the profession at Greencastle, this state. There he soon gained recognition in a liberal clientage and was frequently before the courts as advocate in many important trials, wherein he gave evidence of his broad, legal knowledge in the presentation of his cause. In 1886 he was elected on the Democratic ticket to the office of prosecuting attorney of the thirteenth judicial district, comprising the counties of Putnam and Clay. In 1888 he was re-elected to that office, so acceptably had he discharged his duties during the first term. Still higher professional honors awaited him, for in 1900 he was elected circuit judge of the thirteenth judicial district and served in that position until November, 1906, when he retired from the office with the record of many of the able lawyers that had practiced before him. His course on the bench had been marked by a masterful grasp of the points presented for solution and by a high conception of the duties of this office, which he discharged with unfaltering fidelity.

Judge Colliver was married on the 28th of December, 1887, to Aliss Laura A. Lewis, a daughter of A. J. and Mary E. Lewis, of Putnam county, Indiana. They now have two children, Mary and Ruth. In November, 1906, upon his retirement from the bench. Judge Colliver removed with his family to Terre Haute and entered upon the general practice of law here, as the senior member of the firm of Colliver & Whitlock. He needed no introduction to the citizens of Terre Haute, for he was known by reputation to a large majority of them and his worth in his profession soon brought him a large and distinctively representative clientage which he is now enjoying. The Masonic fraternity finds him an exemplary representative and he belongs to the blue lodge and to the commandery, while he has also won the degrees of the Scottish Rite and of the Mystic Shrine.

Samuel C. Brown. - The commercial interests of Terre Haute find a worthy representative in Samuel C. Brown, general manager of the Terre Haute Stove & Furnace Company. His life record began on the 7th of Tune, 1862, in Scottsville, Allen county, Kentucky. His father, Samuel Brown, was also a native of that state and having arrived at years of maturity he married Miss Anna Staley, a native of Tennessee. For a long period he was engaged in general merchandising at Scottsville, Kentucky, but was ruined financially by the exigencies of the great Civil war, which practically destroyed trade in the South. He also suffered heavy losses on three different occasions when the store was destroyed by fire. In 1868 he removed his family to Illinois, settling in Newton, Jasper county, where for many years he followed the profession of school teaching. He afterward devoted ten years to the duties of the office of county surveyor, to which he was called by popular suffrage and at the present time he is justice of the peace and treasurer of the school board there. He possesses remarkable energy and ability for a man of his years, for on the ist of ^Lirch, 1908, he celebrated the seventy-ninth anniversary of his birth. His wife has long since passed away, her death having occurred in Newton, IlHnois, in 1873. Unto this worthy couple were born nine children, namely: Lina S., the widow of S. W. Sangster, and now a resident of Chicago; Samuel C, whose name introduces this record ; Emma, who died in childhood ; ^littie v., the wife of J. E. O. Clark, publisher of the Newton (Illinois) Mentor, a Republican organ; A. Oscar, who is located in Texarkana, Texas, where he is a minister in charge of the young people's work of the states of Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana and Missouri ; George and Burton, who died in childhood; Anna, who died in infancy, and Bessie T., the wife of A. G. Austin, general manager of the electric light plant at Effingham. Illinois.

After spending the first six years of his life in the state of his nativity, Samuel C. Brown accompanied his parents on their removal to Newton, Illinois, and there attended the public schools until he reached the age of seventeen years. In the meantime, however, he worked to some extent in the brickyards and when he had permanently put aside his text books he entered a hardware store at Newton in 1879 and began learning the business and also the tinner's trade. Throughout his entire life he has been connected with this line of merchandising and undoubtedly one of the strongest secrets of his success is the persistency of purpose which he has displayed in the continuance in that line in which he embarked as a young tradesman. In 1886 he went to Mount Vernon, Indiana, and for one year was in the employ of A. B. Schenck, a hardware dealer and tinsmith. The following year he opened a hardware and tinware store at Robinson, Illinois, conducting the business for other parties for a period of two years. On the loth of September, 1888, he removed to Terre Haute and entered the employ of the Townley Stove Company, where he remained as a trusted representative of the house for six years, and a year after he entered the employ of that firm, the Townley Mantel & Furnace Company was organized and Mr. Brown becoming its general manager, and so continuing for five years. He left the firm to take a position upon the road as traveling representative for the Richardson & Boynton Company, manufacturers of furnaces, with whom he remained for three years. Returning to Terre Haute, he bought out the business of George A. Zimmerman at No. 658 Wabash avenue and at that time organized the Terre Haute Stove & Furnace Company, with William E. Eppert as president and S. T. Mann as vice president, while Mr. Brown became general manager and treasurer, and William Cheatwood as secretary. A few years later Mr. Eppert withdrew from the firm and was succeeded by Herbert Briggs in the presidency. ^Ir. Briggs continued in that office, with

Thomas OTkrron as vice president. Samuel C. Brown, general manager and secretary, and Sherman T. Alann. treasurer. The substantial development of this business was, attributable in no small degree to ]\Ir. Brown, whose long connection with the hardware trade makes him splendidly qualified for an understanding of the business in every department. On April 20. 1908, he bought out the interests of Mr. Mann, and the company was reincorporated as the Terre Haute Furnace & Sheet Metal Company.

In 1887 occurred the marriage of Mr. Brown and ]\Iiss Mary Cornelia Gowin, who was born in ]Mattoon, Illinois, a daughter of George R. Gowin, now a resident of Grants Pass, Oregon, in which section of the country he was a pioneer. Their children are George Allsey and Nelia ]\Iargaret, both born in Terre Haute. The eldest child, a daughter, died at birth.

Mr. Brown is a welcome member of the Commercial Club and is a valued representative of the Knights of Pythias and ]\Iodern Woodmen of America. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. These associations indicate much of the nature of his interests and the principles which govern his conduct. He has made good use of his opportunities, has prospered from year to year and has conducted all business interests carefully and judiciously, displaying in all his acts an aptitude for successful management. A cheerful word and pleasant smile are numbered among his characteristics, making him popular with social and business clubs.

J.VMES H. Bl.\ck. - Prominent among the business men of Terre Haute is James H. Black, who for more than two decades has been closely identified with the history of the city, as a representative of one of its most important business interests. He is a man of keen discrimination and sound judgment, and his executive ability and excellent management have brought to the wholesale drug house conducted under the name of the Cook & Black Drug Company a large degree of success. The safe, conservative policy inaugurated at the outset commends itself to the judgment of all and has secured to the company a patronage which makes the volume of trade transacted over its counters of considerable importance and magnitude. Mr. Black is giving undivided attention to the management and control of this business and has made for himself a creditable name in comjnercial circles. His birthplace was the family homestead in Sugar Creek township, at what is now known as South Vigo. His natal day was November 9, 1852, his parents being Josiah M. and Sarah (Elliott) Black. The father was born in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, in 1829, and was a son of James Black, who, during the forma- tivc period in the history of Vigo county, cast in his lot among its pioneers, arriving from Kentucky in the early thirties. Amid the wild scenes and environments of frontier life Josiali M. lllack was reared, and having arrived at years of maturity he wedded Miss Sarah Elliott, daughter of John Elliott, a pioneer of Edgar county, Illinois, who died onlv a few }-ears ago at the advanced age of ninety years. His daughter. Mrs. Black, was born in Edgar county. Throughout the period of an active business life Josiah M. Black followed farming. He was a man of strongly marked character and was recognized as a leading and influential citizen in his community not only because of his activity and success in business, but because of his helpful co-operation in many interests pertaining to the public welfare. He was a Congregationalist in religious faith and the house of worship of that denomination at South Vigo stood on his land. He died in 1861. having for seven years survived his wife, who jjassed avi^ay in 1854.

James H. Black was thus early left an orphan, being but two years of age at the time of his mother's death and a lad of but nine at his father's demise. He remained upon the home farm in Sugar Creek township to the age of ten years and in 1871 went to Champaign. Illinois, where he spent two years in school. He then entered a drug store in that city and learned the drug business, devoting four years to the discharge of his duties as a salesman at that place. He afterward spent a year and a half in a drug house in Paducah, Kentucky, and in 1881 came to Terre Haute. During the succeeding five years he was traveling salesman for a wholesale drug company and subsequently traveled for four years for a wholesale drug house of St. Louis, Missouri. It was his ambition, however, to engage in business on his own account, and indu.stry and careful expenditure were forces which made this course possible. He first established a retail drug store in Knoxville. Tennessee, where he spent one and a half years, returning thence to Terre Haute in i8t)i. Here he purchased the interest of Mr. Lowery. in the wholesale drug house of Cook, Bell & Lowery, the firm then becomhig Cook, Bell & Black. Subsequently Mr. Cook and his son and Mr. Black purchased the interest of Mr. Bell, and the present firm style of the Cook & Black Company was assumed. The business has been developed until it is now one of the largest in this line in the state. For many years trade w^as conducted at No. 611-13 Wabash avenue, but in December, 1907, a removal was made to the new building erected by the company at the corner of Cherry and North Eighth streets. This is one of the finest business blocks in the city and stands as a monument to the enterprise, diligence and business capacity of the owners.

a daughter of J. W. McKnight, and unto them have been born three children : Lee M., born in August, 1888, and now a student in the University of Ihinois, at Champaign; James H., who was born in 1895, and Evelyn, whose birth occurred in 1897.

The parents are consistent members of the Congregational church and Mr. Black is also a member of the Commercial Club. He has been an important factor in the business circles and his prosperity is well deserved, as in him are embraced the characteristics of an unbending integrity, unabating energy and industry that never flags. He is public spirited, giving his co-operation to every movement which tends to promote the moral, intellectual and material welfare of the community, and Terre Haute was fortunate in adding him to the ranks of her citizens.

Theodore P. Fr.\nk. - .\s the world has advanced in civilization, history has become no longer a record of wars and conquests, but a record of business development and the utilization of natural resources as offered by various sections of the country. The man of prominence is today not the one who leads hosts forth to battle, but he who controls large business enterprises and through that means furnishes employment and the source of livelihood to many. Numbered among the representatives of industrial life in Terre Haute is Theodore P. Frank, now president of the Samuel Frank & Sons Manufacturing Company, a leading productive enterprise of the cit}-. He was born here February 17, 1870. His father, Samuel Frank, the founder of the business, was a native of Nordstedten, Wurtemburg, Germany, born March 18, 1830. He spent the first twenty-seven years of his life in the land of his nativity and then attracted by the broader business opportunities of the new world, came to the United States. He spent a few years in the Empire state, after which he removed westward to Indiana, settling first at Camden. From that place he came to Terre Haute in i860 and engaged in merchandising, organizing the firm of Frank & Strouse, their first place of business being on Main street, the second door from Third street, on the north side of that public highway. This firm had a continuous existence about five years, on the expiration of which period Samuel Frank became senior partner of the firm of Frank & Rothchild, and engaged in the clothing trade on the southwest corner of ]\Iain and Fourth streets. They conducted a clothing business there for about ten vears and in the meantime the scope of their undertakings was broadened, for in 1876 they also began the manufacture of overalls and working men's clothes upon the second floor of the building which thev occupied. Subsequently Mr. Rothchild sold his interest to IMr. Frank, who conducted the enterprise under his own name until his death. In the meantime the department of overall manufacture grew from 3-ear to year, necessitating changes in location from time to time in order to secure increased space. From Main and Fourth streets the business was removed to the old Opera House building, thence to Sixth street, between Main and Cherry streets, under the old Dowling Hall. They then went to the site. 17 South Fifth street, between Main and Ohio streets. The next removal brought them to their present quarters on Ohio street, which building was erected especially for this business. The company now utilizes four floors and has a sub-factory at the corner of Ninth and Eagle streets. That the business has become one of the most important productive concerns in the city and is of the utmost value to Terre Haute is indicated by the fact that they employ on an average of five hundred operatives in the factor), thus putting a large amount of money into circulation.

Following the death of Samuel Frank, May 19, 1895. the firm of Samuel Frank & Sons was organized and took over the business, the partners being now Maurice S. and Theodore P. Frank. On the 20th of April, 1907, Maurice Frank died, and in the following June the business was incorporated with Theodore P. Frank as president ; J. T. Thorman, vice president, and P. S. Kleeman, as secretary and treasurer. The entire management of the business is in the hands of Theodore P. Frank. The father was a prominent and successful merchant and manufacturer, occupying an important place in business circles for many years. He was also recognized as a leader among the Jewish people of the city and was a valued member of the Independent Order of B'nai P.'rith, a Jewish organization, and of the Phoenix Club. He likewise belonged to the Masonic fraternity, to the Odd Fellows' Society and to the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and in his life exemplified many commendable traits of character whi.ch gained him the respect, confidence and warm regard of those with whom he was associated.

Samuel Frank was married in Terre Haute to ^liss Augusta Rothchild, who was born November 19, 1840. in the same German province in which her husband's birth occurred. She still survives him and is yet a resident of Terre Haute. In their family were four children, namely : Hattie. the wife of J. T. Thorman, of Terre Haute ; Emma, the wife of P. S. Kleeman. also of this city ; Maurice, who died April 20, 1907, at the age of thirty-nine years, and Theodore P., whose name introduces this review.