Vigo County, Indiana - Chapter 26: Terre Haute's Importance A]\iong Horseaien, 1908 (part 3 of 4)

The last named was reared in Terre Haute and pursued a public school education. On putting aside his text books he entered his father's employ and made it his purpose to thoroughlv master the business and acquaint himself with the trade in every particular. After a brief time in the liouse he went upon the road as a travehng salesman and so continued for a period of twenty years, travehng all over the middle states. He succeeded in securing an extensive patronage for the house, but at length gave up the road in order to assume the management of the offices and business in this city. He is now at the head of an enterprise of large proportions and one which is of material benefit to Terre Haute bv reason of the employment it furnishes to so many workmen. Mr. Frank was married to Miss Emma Arnold, a daughter of A. Arnold, a retired merchant of Terre Haute. They have two children : Helen Dorothy, born May 7, 1902, and Katherine Arnold, born ]\Iarch 17, iyo6. Mr. Frank belongs to the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, to the Phcenix Club and to the Commercial Club. He is widely and favorably known in the city, which has always been his place of residence. His business affairs are capably conducted, and tireless energy, keen perception and honesty of purpose are numbered among his chief characteristics. There is nothing of the overbearing taskmaster about him, and on the contrary justice is always maintained with his employes, who recognize that fidelity and industry on their part means promotion as opportunity oilers. While Mr. Frank has gained wealth it has not been alone the goal for which he is striving, for he belongs to that class of representative American citizens who promote the general prosperity while advancing individual interests,

Ch.\rles B.aur. - To have made a name for broad business ability and wide personal influence before reaching the age of forty-four, as did the late Charles Baur, of Terre Haute, is proof positive of signal qualities of energy, personal magnetism and the best traits of leadership. Air. Baur possessed all of these qualities ; was of an intense nature which not infrequentlv clashed with conflicting forces, but withal so frank, kind and genial that he was ever the center of a host of warm friends.

Charles Baur was born in the city of Louisville, Kentucky, on the 14th of Julv, i860, his father, John Jacob Baur, being a native of the stanch little Swiss republic. One of five sons, the boy inherited from his father unfailing industry and a special aptitude for business. The elder Baur was a druggist, and for years one of the most prominent business men of Terre Haute, extended mention of him being made in this work. The family removed to Terre Haute early in the boyhood of Charles Baur, and in the public schools he received a thorough education. Having naturally developed a fondness for pharmacy, he then pursued a course in the Philadelphia College, and for seven years after his graduation from that institution, in 1880, he was associated with his father and his brother Jacob in the drug trade at Terre Haute. It was soon evident.

however, that his ambitions extended far beyond his immediate calling, and in 1887 he assumed the management of the Terre Haute House. After two years in that capacity he went abroad, spending about a year in ]-)rofitable travel, then returned to Terre Haute, purchased the furnishings of the hotel of which he had been the manager, and remained its proprietor until 1899. In the latter year he sold out, removed to South Bend and associated himself with James Oliver, who was engaged in the erection of the magnificent hotel known by his name. He accompanied Mr. Oliver to Europe to buy the furniture and other fittings for the Oliver Hotel, and was manager of that famous hostelry until 1901. Then, on account of failing health, he relinquished not only the hotel management, but all active business interests. As a hotel proprietor he formed a large acquaintance, who not only highly esteemed him for his solid business qualities, but were strongly attracted to him in a social way. He was quick, ph\'sicallv and mentally, a bright and interesting talker, and was familiarly called Charlie Baur.

In 1888 JMr. Baur and his brother organized the Liquid Carbonic Companv, of Chicago, and from its founding until the time of his death was its vice president. His incessant labors in connection with his hotel responsibilities and the development of the extensive manufacturing business mentioned above were beyond the measure of his strength, and after an illness of several months he passed away at his summer home in Wheaton. Illinois, on the 3d of June. 1904. His remains w'ere brought to Terre Haute and interred in Highland Lawn cemetery. His associates of the Liquid Carbonic Company received the news of his death with especial grief, the president sending to the faithful wife and widow expressions of sympathy which are particularly precious to her. They speak of the deceased as a man widely known for his energy and absolute honesty and uprightness, while possessing energy without bounds, a man who loved his friends, and was never happier than when he could have them at his home and entertain them with a lavish hand.

In Masonry the deceased was a Knight Templar and a Mystic Shriner, and his funeral services were in charge of Terre Haute Commanderv, Knights Templar. No. 16. He was also a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In his early manhood he was a member and also first lieutenant of the McKeen Cadets of Terre Haute.

Ch.\rles E. Ormax, one of the well known real estate and insurance men of Terre Haute, and treasurer of the Enterprise Building & Loan Association, is a native of Clav county, Indiana, his birth having occurred at Bowling Green, April 12, 1872. He is a son of David A. and Sarali (Elkin) Orman. The father was a native of Tennessee, where he was born July 25, 1834, a son of Andrew Orman. The family came to Indiana about 1835 o'' 1836, settling in Clay county, and Andrew Orman, the grandfather, owned and operated one of the early water power gristmills of that locality. He was otherwise closely associated with the pioneer development of the commimity and contributed in substantial measure to its progress.

David Orman was reared in Clay county amid scenes and environments known only to the frontier settlers. He assisted in the mill in his youth and afterward engaged in general merchandising at Bowling Green, prior to the Civil war. During the progress of hostilities between the north and the south he responded to the country's call for aid, enlisting in June, 1863, as a member of Company A, Forty-third Regiment of Indiana \'olunteers, serving as sergeant of his company until the close of the war. In 1868 he removed to Terre Haute and accepted a position as traveling salesman, representing the U. R. Jeffers Woolen Mills. Subsequently he traveled for Havens & Geddes and subsequently represented the house of H. Robinson & Sons upon the road. He was a popular traveling salesman, possessing a genial manner and unfailing courtesy, combined with the business ability to attractively display his goods, while at the same time his commercial integrity was undaunted. In 1886 he turned his attention to the real estate and insurance business in Terre Haute, and in 1889 organized the Enterprise Building & Loan Association, serving as its treasurer from the beginning until his death, having been re-elected to the office on the night prior to his demise. All who knew him respected him for his business enterprise and reliability and he enjoyed the good will and confidence of his colleagues and contemporaries. He was a member of Social Lodge. No. 86. Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, of the Commercial Club and of the Christian church. His wife, Mrs. Sarah ( Elkin) Orman, was born in Kentucky, August 14, 1835, and was a daughter of Benjamin Elkin, a pioneer of Clay county, Indiana. When her father first came to this section of the country he could have purchased the ground where now .stands the Terre Haute Hotel for one dollar and a quarter per acre. The death of Mrs. Orman occurred in 1888. Their children are Allie Almy, Richard C, and Charles E.

Charles E. Orman came with his parents to Terre Haute in his early boyhood and was reared in this city, acquiring his edtication in the public schools. He entered business life as a collector for the ^laxinkuckee Ice Company. Later he was a clerk for about six years in the shoe store of T. J. Griffith, of Terre Haute, after which he went to Chicago, accompanied by Harry Bryant, and in that city they became ticket agents for the Illinois Central Railroad Conipanw ^Ir. Orman thus siicnl three years and upon returning to Terre Haute accepted the position of travelingsalesman for the Brown Tobacco Company, of St. Louis, remaining upon the road as a representative of that house for four years. Following the organization of the American Tobacco Company he traveled for that concern until 1903, when he was appointed state agent for the company and continued in the position until 1905. He then resigned on account of his health and joined his father in the real estate and insurance business and upon the father's death succeeded to the business and also to the treasurership of the Enterprise Building & Loan Association. He is thus closely associated with realty interests in the city and has a good clientage in both the real estate and insurance departments of his business.

On the 19th of (October, 1893, ^^r. Orman was united in marriage to Aliss Gertrude \\'illiams. who was reared by an aunt. Airs. T. J. Griffith, as she and her sister were left orphans in early life. Mr. and Mrs Carman occupy a favorable position in social circles and Mr. Orman belongs to Lodge N'o. 19, Ancient Free and -Accepted Masons, to the I'nited Commercial Travelers and to the Commercial Club. A\'hile there has been nothing startling in his life record in the way of unusual adventure, his business career has been marked by consecutive progress that has resulted from the recognition and utilization of his opportunities. He has at all times been prompted by a laudable ambition in what he has done and brooking no obstacles that honest effort can overcome, he has steadily worked his way upward until he has left the ranks of the many and today stands among the successful few.

James M. Dishon, who for nearly forty years has been at the head of a large bill-posting business in Terre Haute, was born upon a farm in French Lick township. Orange county, Indiana, May 2;^, 1843. He is a son of John and Elizabeth (Paine) Dishon, natives of North Carolina, the former of French lineage and the latter of English descent. The father was an early settler of French Lick township, where he successfully carried on general farming and was also a man of influence, taking an active part in public affairs beneficial to his community. He served for eight years as township trustee and later in life he removed to Indianapolis, where both he and his wife spent their remaining days.

James M. Dishon secured his education in the public schools and liegan his career in the bill-posting business in Indianapolis, in i860. Eleven years later, in 1871, he became a resident of Terre Haute and established himself in business here, not without serious opposition, however, from the newspapers of the day. who regarded the business of bill-posting as an infringement upon their prerogatives as advertisers. However, he per- sisted in carrying out the course that he had marked out. letting the newspapers know that he would be in business long after they and their publications had retired from the field, and this prophecy has been fulfilled. He started in business here on a small scale, having but six bill-boards. Today he has one hundred and seventy-six boards and employs two wagons and eight men. Thus has the business grown until it has become a very profitable enterprise and he has practically the monopoly of the trade in his line in Terre Haute. This result has been accomplished by unfaltering perseverance and unflagging energy and he certainly merits the success which has come to him.

( )n the 25th of August, 1864, "Sir. Dishon was married to Miss Sarah E. Kenley, a daughter of Squire Ivenley. a native of Kentucky and an early settler of Orange county. Indiana. Airs. Dishon was born in Pulaski county, Kentucky, on the i6th of March, 1847, and died in Terre Haute on the 23d of June. 1881. leaving two children: William R., who was born in Indianapolis in 1865, and died April 8, 1903 ; and Estelle, who died October 30, 1890. After losing his first wife Mr. Dishon was again married on the 27th of February. 1883, his second union being with Miss Sarah ^^"ilson, a daughter of John ^\'ilson and a native of Oeveland, Ohio.

Mr. Dishon's name appears opposite Xo. 2 on the membership roll of the Commercial Club and he has been activel}- interested in the work of that organization in its efiforts to promote the business development of the city. He is also a valued member of the Knights of Pythias, the Elks lodge and the Improved Order of Red Men. Throughout his entire life he has displayed the firm purpose that has enabled him to carry forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes and \"et this quality never degenerates into stubbornness. ( >n the contrary he is always ready to study any side of a question and his opinions are formed as the result of careful consideration and deliberation. In his connections with Terre Elaute he has won and retains the respect and confidence of his fellow men and has gained a very large circle of friends here.

Charles IT. McC.\ll.\, secretary and manager of the Home Furniture & Carpet Company, is by close application, readiness in resource and thorough understanding of the trade, building up a substantial and profitable business. He is a native of the city in which lie now makes his home, having been born in Terre Haute, on North Thirteenth street, 26, 1878. His parents are John P.. and Carrie ]\I. ()ileyer) McCalla, the former a native of .\berdeen, Ohio, born in 1850, while the latter was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1852. The ]5aternal grandfather, John McCalla, Sr., was for manv years a carpenter and contractor of Terre Haute, re- moving to this city when his son John was fonrtccn years of age. The latter was reared to manhood here and for twenty-five years served as a passenger engineer on the Chicago & Eastern IlHnois Railroad. Tie afterward became an engineer of the Tcrre Haute Electric Company and lived a life of usefulness and activity. He was a member of the Eort Harrison Lodge. Xo. 157, Independent Order of Odd Eellows, and the r.rotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. ' His political allegiance was given to the Republican party and he was always loyal to the best interests of the community in which he lived. He died in 1904, and is still survived by his widow, who is yet a resident of Terre Haute. Their children were three in number, namely: Charles H., of this review; John C, a bookkeeper in the employ of the Home Furniture & Carpet Company : and \'era, who died at the age of five years.

Charles H. McCalla was reared in Terre Haute and was educated in the public schools in Terre Haute, mastering the studies of each successive grade until he became a high school student. He also pursued a course in the Garvin Commercial College and after leaving school entered the employ of the Hunter Laundry and Dyeing Company, having charge of one of the company's wagons. He ne.xt became bookkeeper and creditman for the Kleeman Dry Goods Company, which position he acceptably filled for four years, when he resigned to take a more lucrative position as bookkeeper with the Eureka Block Coal Company. It was his ambition, however, to engage in business on his own account and when his industry, perseverance and economy had brought him sufficient capital he took a step in this direction by organizing, in 1904, the Home Furniture & Carpet Company. He became one of its stockholders and directors upon its organization and was elected secretary and manager. He has since been in control of the business, which under his capable direction is continually broadening in its scope, his sales being now represented by a good figure annually.

Mr. McCalla married Aliss Grace Holler, also a native of Terre Haute and a daughter of Henry Holler, deceased. The\ are well known in this city wdiere they have spent their entire lives and where from childhood they have had many friends. ]\Ir. IMcCalla is a member of Occidental Lodge, Xo. 18. Knights of Pythias ; and Terre Haute Commandcry, No. 3, of "the Lhiiform Rank of that organization. He likewise belongs to Arnico Lodge, Xo. 707, Independent Order of Odd Fellows : Canton INIcKeen, Xo. 28. Patriarchs Militant : P>enevolent and Protective Carder of Elks, X'^o. 86, and Vigo Lodge, Xo. 126, of the Tribe of Ben Hur. He is also associated with the Young Business Men's Club, while in lines indicating his religious faith his association is with the German Methodist Episcopal church. He also belongs to the Young Men's

Christian Association. Throughout his entire Hfe the principles which govern liis conduct have been such as have won for him the trust and confidence of his fellow men and in the city of his nativity he is everywhere spoken of in terms of respect and good will. He is. moreover, a young man possessing broad, enlightened and liberal views not only upon business but upon municipal interests and many subjects of general importance.

, George C. Dodson. - Among the native residents of Terre Haute is numbered George C. Dodson, whose life record is in contradistinction to the old adage that a prophet is never without honor save in his own country, for here in the city of his nativity he has gained recognition as an able and successful business man and has conducted interests which have brought him a gratifying financial return. He was born September 23, 1 85 1. His father, the late Samuel Dodson, was born in west Tennessee on the i8th of October, 1818, and was a son of Jeremiah and Arietta ( Brown ) Dodson, who were natives of Scotland and settled in West Tennessee during the colonial period. Jeremiah Dodson was both a physician and a minister of the gospel, laboring thus for the physical and moral development of mankind. Both he and his wife were descendants from rugged, sturdy Scotch ancestry. Samuel Dodson spent the early years of his life in Tennessee and came to Terre Haute in the year 1844. He was one of Terre Haute's prominent residents of that period between the early forties and the time of his death on the 23d of May, 1890. During that time he was identified with the city's interests in various ways and contributed in a substantial way to its growth and progress. He was especially prominent during that early period when this section of the country was developing and emerging from the wilderness. To him were awarded large contracts on the construction of the lines of railway entering Terre Haute and also of the old \\'abash and Erie canal. Later he fitted up and successfully conducted a theater in this city for a number of years. He was a man of versatility and rare talents, of acknowledged business ability and of stalwart determination, so that he overcame obstacles and difificulties and carried forward to successful completion any project which claimed his attention. He was ])rominent in the public affairs of Terre Haute and in the early days filled various ofificial positions, such as that of'ta.x collector for three terms, city marshal and street commissioner. Xo trust reposed in him was ever betrayed in the slightest degree, whether it was in the nature of a public office or private commission. Originally he was a member of the old Whig party and upon its dissolution he joined the ranks of the new Republican part}', which he continued to support until his demise.

From tlie period of his early residence here by reason of his activity and the effectiveness of his work he became one of the best known residents. He had a large circle of friends who felt the keenest regret at his death, but though some years have passed since he was called to his final rest, his memory is yet cherished bv those who knew him. He left a widow who survived him until January, 1891. She was also a native of western Tennessee, born April 16, 1823, and was a daughter of John Wittey, who was of Scotch descent. The marriage of Mr. and ^Irs. Dodson was solemnized in Putnam county, Indiana, on the 25th of January, 1845, ^"f' was blessed with four children, namely: Florence E.. the wife of Dr. George W. Crapo, of Terre Haute ; Emma O., who became the wife of Daniel W. Davis, of Terre Haute, but now deceased; Mary E,, wife of Owen Warren, a resident of \"igo county; George C, whose name introduces this review.

The last named was reared in Terre Haute and acquired his educ:ition in the city schools. He began his business career as a salesman in the general store of E. Rothchild anel six years later, in 1876, he became a partner in that business, having gradually worked his way upward, while his capability and trustworthiness won him recognition. In 1879 he engaged in the produce business, in which he continued until 1880, when he established his present business as a wholesale dealer in coal and junk. He has rebuilt the stores at No. 130 South Second street, where he now carries on a large business, having an extensive trade in coal and also handling large quantities of junk.

( )n the 2 1 St of October, 1879, Mr. Dodson was married to Miss Elvira, a daughter of John Armstrong, of Irish and German descent. Mr. and Mrs. Dodson have two children : Bertha A., who after graduating from the Terre Haute high school pursued a course in the Indiana State Normal, of this city, and is now teaching in the schools of Indianapolis ; and Emma, who is a graduate of Terre Haute high school and also of the Indiana State Normal. Mr. Dodson is a member of the Knights of Pythias and is also connected with the National Union. He is well known in the city where his entire life has been passed, having been a witness of its growth and progress for fifty-seven years, during which time it has left behind all the evidences of villagehood and town life and taken on all the advantages and improvements which are known to the cities. His business success is due not to any fortunate combination of circumstances, but to the fact that he has worked earnestly and persistently, never allowing outside interests to monopolize his time but giving undivided attention to the dutv at hand.

CciLOXEL George Ed\\ard PrGir, a distinguished lawyer of the Terre Elaute bar, now speciaHzing in corporation and mining law with a large clientage, not only in A igo county, but also in Chicago, where he maintains an office, was born at the old Pugh homestead in Honey Creek township, three and a half miles from Terre Haute, on the i8th of June, -1S57. His parents were David and Catherine \\'. (Dunham) Pugh. The father was born in Butler county, Ohio, September 6, 1822, and was a son of Ishmael F'ugh, also a native of Butler count}", and a grandson of Azariah Pugh, The last named was a son of Azariah Pugh, Sr,, who was born in 1721, while his father, Thomas Pugh. was born in 1685. He was the son of Ellis Pugh, the founder of the family in America, whose birth occurred in Wales in 1656 and who arrived in 1687 in Pennsylvania, in which state his remaining days were passed, his death there occurring in 1718. The direct ancestors of our subject down to Ishmael Pugh were all natives of Pennsylvania. Azariah Pugh H settled in Butler county, Ohio, in 1750, thus penetrating into the western wilderness and sowing there the seeds of civilization which in time have brought forth rich fruit. Three generations of the faiTiily lived in Butler county, although Ishmael Pugh, the grandfather, removed from that county to A'igo county in the spring of 1833, He located first at the corner of ^Mulberry and Second streets, in the city of Terre Haute, where he resided for a time, and then purchased a farm in Honey Creek township, known as the Mullen farm. Taking up his abode upon that property, he made it his home for a few years, and then selling out purchased another tract of land, comprising three hundred and twenty acres known as the Barnes farm, in Otter Creek township. Upon that place he remained until a short time prior to his demise, when he removed to Terre Haute, where his death occurred in 1870. He was not only closely associated with the agricultural development of the county through his agricultural interests, but was also active in molding the policy and promoting the interests of the state in many other ways. He served as a member of the Indiana constitutional convention and was an early member of the board of commissioners of A'igo count\-. His political allegiance was originally given to the AA'hig party, and upon its dissolution and the organization of the new Republican party he joined the ranks of the latter, standing with that progressive go\-crnment which checked the advance of slavery and ultimately became the protector of the Union in the dark days of the Civil war. Like all the Pughs of early generations, he was of Quaker faith, and his life was in harmony with the people of the sect which teaches forbearance, kindliness and Christian sympath}'. He married Tabitha Cunningham, who was born in Butler county, Ohio, and her last days were also spent in Terre Haute.

David Pusli was a lad of eleven years when his parents located in \'igo comity. He followed farming all his life and was an honored antl influential citizen of his community, who was called bv his fellow townsmen to serve in various local offices. He. too. was prominent in the ranks of the Republican party and served as a member of the county central committee. In 1848 he married Miss Catherine W. Dunham, a native of this county and a daughter of John Dunham, who was a member of the pioneer family diat came from Virginia and settled in Mgo county at a very early period in its development. Mrs. Catherine Pugh died in Terre Haute. December 9, 1883, while her husband, long sttrviving her, passed away in this city on the 31st of December, igo/. They were the parents of three sons. John D. Pugh, the eldest, was born upon the home farm February 2;^. 1830. and has devoted his life to agricultural pursuits. Horace C. Pugh. also born upon the farm, his natal day being September 12, 1852. is now an attorney at law.

Col. George Edward Pugh, the youngest of the three brothers, was reared upon the old homestead, and after attending the common and high schools of Terre Haute entered Asbury (now DePauw ) University in 1874. He was there graduated with the class of 1878. completing the law course by devoting the last two years to the mastery of the principles of jurisprudence. After leaving the university he continued reading law in the office of Allen. ]\Iack & Davis, well known attorneys of Terre Haute, thus pursuing his legal studies for three }ears. In 1881 he was admitted to the bar and located for practice in this city, entering into partnership in the fall of that year with his brother. Horace C. Pugh. which connection was continued until 1889. The senior partner was then appointed L'nited States consul to Xewcastle-on-Tyne. England, and Colonel Pugh has remained in practice alone. He conducted his general practice in the local United States courts for a numlier of years, but in recent years has confined his practice almost exclusively to corporation and mining law. In addition to maintaining his Terre Haute office he has an office on La Salle street in Chicago.

Colonel Pugh was city attorney at Terre Haute in 1896-97. He has long been prominent in Republican circles and was an alternate delegate to the Republican national convention in 1888. wdien General Harrison was nominated. Aside from his practice he is president of the North Coast ^Mining and Reduction Company and of the New Century Mines Companv, the former being a copper property in the state of Washington, the latter a gold and silver property in the state of Idaho.

Colonel Pugh is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon. a Greek letter college society. In ^Masonry he has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite and is also a Knight Templar. Terre Haute Com- mandery, No. i6. He belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elk,s, and has been prominent in public affairs, serving as aid on the staff" of botli Governor Hovey and Governor Chase, with the rank of colonel. He has always been willing to devote his means and his energies to any feasible undertaking that would increase the prosperity of the city and add to the comfort of its inhabitants. His life has been a success and he enjo}'s the unqualified regard and esteem of his fellow men, while his professional ability is recognized in a most liberal clientage.

William Ch.\rles Arp, superintendent of the motive power of the A'andalia Railroad system, is well known in railroad circles of the middle west. ?Ie is a native of the Keystone state, his birth having occurred upon a farm in Lvcoming county, Pennsylvania, near the city of Williamsport, Tune 30, 1848. He is descended in both the paternal and maternal lines from German ancestry. His grandfather was Peter Erbb (as the name was originally spelled) and on coming to America established his home in Lancaster countv, Pennsylvania, where he met and married Miss Susan Whitman. Early in the nineteenth century they took up their abode in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, where their remaining days were passed. Frederick Ritter, the maternal grandfather of our subject, also first settled in Lancaster county, where he wedded Elizabeth Reynolds. Soon afterward they removed to Lycoming county. Pennsylvania, where they continued to reside until called to their final rest.

John W. Arp, a son of Peter and Susan (Whitman) Erbb, was born in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, on the 26th of August, 1826, and when he had reached years of maturity he won a companion and helpmate for life's journey through his marriage to Miss Elizabeth Ritter, a daughter of Frederick and Elizabeth (Reynolds) Ritter, Her birth occurred in Lycoming county, on the i8th of April, 1827, and she is now living in Renovo, Pennsylvania, at the advanced age of eightyone years. She has long been a widow, the death of T\Ir. Arp having occurred in Williamsport, April 3, 1866.

Upon the home farm in the Keystone state William C. Arp was reared and in the public schools acquired his education. After putting aside his text-books he learned the machinist's trade in the shops of the Northern Central Railway, at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, and Elmira, New York, and soon afterward entered the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, with which system he has since been continuously connected. His first assignment was as foreman of the round house at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, but after a few months he was transferred to a similar position in the company's car shops at Renovo. There he continued until 1882, when he was sent to the west to take charge of, and reorganize the Penns}lvania shops at IndianapoHs. Ele look up the task of controlling, assimilating and shaping into unity the adverse factors of that establishment. The work was an arduous one but he soon introduced the Pennsylvania methods which were in vogue elsewhere and in a comparatively short time as a result of his administrative direction and executive skill he had the shops in a most satisfactory condition. It was during his stay in Indianapolis that the present extensive and splendidly equipped shops at that point were .erected.

In 1886 Mr. Arp was transferred to the round house at Columbus, Ohio, and in 1887 he was promoted to fill a vacancy in the position of master mechanic and placed in charge of the machine shops of the company at Logansport, Indiana, having also at the same time charge of the Chicago round house. At Logansport he had the direction of about six hundred men. In 1890 he was made master mechanic of the main machine shops of the company at Dennison, Ohio - a position regarded by the management as one of the most important of the Southwest System - which was a direct recognition of his ability and also of the confidence reposed in him. On the 15th of January, 1896, he was appointed superintendent of motive power of the Vandalia Railroad, with headquarters at Terre Haute, and now has charge of the motive power of all divisions of the Vandalia System. As evidence of his ability and his popularity with the men over whom he had control, when he left Renovo he was presented with an elegant ring; at Indianapolis, with a silver service; at Logansport, with a costly clock in an antique open frame which stands over eight feet high, and also with a silver service. Since his connection with the Vandalia System many important changes have taken place in connection with that road. When he assumed the office, the company had about one hundred and twenty-five engines, while now it has two hundred and twenty-three, all of the latest, heavy improved types. Numerous changes have been quickly made in the equipment and the \'andalia System has thus kept pace with all the other great railway systems of the country.

Since removing to Terre Elaute Mr. Arp has identified himself with her interests and upbuilding and is today recognized as one of her most prominent, esteemed and honored men. He belongs to the Terre Haute Country Club, to the Terre Haute lodge of Elks, to the St. Louis Railway Club, to the Chicago Railway Club, to the .\merican Association of Railway Car Builders, to the American Association of Railway Master ]\Iechanics, and was a delegate to the International Railway Congress, at Washington, D. C, in May, 1905.

The lady who now bears the name of Mrs. Arp was in her maidenhood j\Iiss ]\Iary A'irginia Meginness, and was born in Lancaster count}-, Pennsylvania, a daughter of John F. ]\Ieginness, an old and well known newspaper man of Illinois, and later of the east. After being identified with journalistic interests in Illinois for some time he became editor of the Gacctte-Bullctiii, of Williamsport. Pennsylvania. He was also a frequent contributor to the leading papers of Philadelphia and Xew York. Both ]Mr. and Mrs. Arp have gained many friends in Terre Haute. His life has been characterized by untiring activity, by intelligentlv directed effort, by unfaltering integrity, and by unquestioned fidelity to duty, and these qualities have gained him consecutive advancement as the years have gone by. The consensus of public opinion names him as a man who is worthy of the fullest respect and trust of those with whom he is associated in business or social relations.

John B. Baker, a well known and enterprising representative of commercial interests in Terre Haute, where he is conducting a grocery store, began the journey of life on the banks of the White river, in Alarion county, Indiana, August i, 1863, the family home being about five miles from the state capital. He is the son of Peter F. and Mary A. (\Mlley) Baker, the former a native of Pennsylvania, while the latter was born in this city. The father's birth occurred in 1835, and in his boyhood days he came with his parents to Indiana, living for a long period in ]\Iarion county, wdience in iS/Q he removed to Vigo county, settling on a farm in Riley township. There he followed general agricultural pursuits until 1893, when he removed to the city of Terre Haute and retired from active life, enjoying well earned rest throughout his remaining days. He passed away July 17, 1899, but his widow is still living in Terre Haute. He was a soldier of the Civil war, having enlisted from Marion county in 1863, in the Seventy-first Indiana Regiment of Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until the close of the war. He was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and thus maintained pleasant relations with his comrades who wore the blue uniform and defended the Stars and Stripes upon the battlefields of the south. Unto him and his wife were born seven children, namely: James W., who is deceased: John B., of this review ; Mary E., who has also passed away : Annie E., the wife of Charles \'. Christie, a resident of Joseph, Oregon ; Alpho M.. at home ; Alinnie A., deceased and Charles G., who is in the employ of the Southern Indiana Express Company, at Terre Haute.

John B. Baker was reared upon the home farm and attended the common schools, therein mastering the common branches of English learning. After putting aside his text-books he continued to work in the field and meadow until 1887, when he became a clerk in a general store in the village of Riley, In 1888 he removed to Terre Haute, where he secured a clerkship in a grocery store, being thus employed until 1903, when his careful expenditure and untiring industry having secured for him sufficient capital, he embarked in the retail grocery and meat business on his own account at the corner of Seventh and Elm streets. Tie is now conducting an extensive business, employing three clerks and two delivery wagons. His trade is constantly increasing and the secret of his success is found in his straightforward dealing, his reasonable prices and his earnest desire to please his patrons.

In 1900 ]\Ir. Baker was married to Miss Anna P. Wood, who was born in this county and is a daughter of George B. and Margaret E. Wood, both of whom are now deceased. Their children are: Charles Duncan, at home; and John Donald, who died Jnly 17, 1905.

In his fraternal relations Mr. Baker is connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and with the Knights of Pythias. His life has been quietly passed in agricultural and mercantile pursuits, but there is in the life record of such a man various lessons that might be profitably followed by those who have respect for loyalty in citizenship, for activity and integrity in business and for fidelity to the ties of friendship.

Ch.vrles Wienand. who is conducting a prosperous dyeing' and cleaning business in Terre Haute, his native city, was born June 24, 1872, at the family home, which then stood just north of the Union depot, at No. 626 North Tenth street. His parents, Charles and Mary (Glaucer) Wienand, were natives of Germany, and coming to the United States in early life were married in Clay county, Indiana. In 1858 they located in Terre Haute and at the time of the Civil war the father responded to the country's call for aid and enlisted in defense of the Union. On the expiration of his first term he again joined the army and did active duty at the front. He was also for some time in the military hospital at Evansville, Indiana. Following the close of the war he returned home and lived until 1873, when he was called to his final rest. His widow has survived him for thirty-five years and is still a resident of Terre Haute.

Charles Wienand was reared in this city and pursued his education in the fifth ward public school. He was only about a year old at the time of his father's death and he began work when fifteen years of age, being first employed at Brinkman's stave factory, where he continued for about two years. He was afterward at the heading factory for about the same length of time and when twenty years of age entered upon an apprenticeship at the dyeing and cleaning business, at which he worked in Terre Haute for about twelve years, fie then went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and for a year had charge of the dyeing establishment of the Laughead Company. In 1901 he began business on his own account in Terre Haute, opening an establishment on Fourth street but after a few months removed to No. 23 South Sixth street. He has recently completed and now occupies the new works at No. 519 Lafayette avenue, where all of the work is done, while the store on South Sixth street is still retained as a show room and finishing department. Mr. Wienand's long experience in the business well qttalifies him for excellent work in this direction and he has built up a fine trade which makes the enterprise one of gratifying profit.

In 1895 occurred the marriage of Charles W. and Miss Lydia Shafer, of Clay City, Indiana. Unto them has been born a daughter, Ada, whose birth occurred in 1896. The parents are members of the Evangelical church and Mr. Wienand belongs to the Commercial Club, to the Retail Merchants' Association and to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He may truly be called a self-made man, for from early boyhood he has been dependent upon his own resources and as the architect of his fortunes has builded wisely and well.

W'lLLi.vji Nicholson, who dates his residence in America from 1869 and in Terre Haute from 1873, is now in control of the most extensive horseshoeing establishment in this city. He is a native of northern Scotland, his birth having occurred in Caithnesshire, on the loth of September, 1844, his parents being David and Rabena (Moore) Nicholson, both of whom are now deceased. During his active business career the father engaged in farming and the buying of cattle in Scotland. There were twelve children in this family, eight sons and four daughters. William came to America first, Alexander and James following and two others came still later. They settled near Terre Haute.

William Nicholson was reared and educated in his native country, after which he was apprenticed to the horseshoeing trade, working at the same for a few years in the land of hills and heather. In 1869, when a young man of twenty-five years, he sailed for America, believing that in this country he might more quickly acquire a competence. He first located in Canada, where he spent some time, after which he went to Michigan, and eventually, in 1873, he located in Terre Haute. Upon his arrival in this city he formed a partnersip with John Kidd, conducting business under the firm name of Kidd & Nicholson and in this line built up a successful trade. After a few years, however, Mr. Nicholson purchased his partner's interest in the business and has since conducted it alone, his first shop being located at the corner of Fourth and Eagle streets but he has since secured large'r and more commodious quarters to meet the growing demands of the trade. He is an expert horseshoer and has built up a very large patronage in his line of activity.

Greater Terre Haute Axd.Mgo County

maiden name of Mary Johnson, was a native of Glasglow, Scotland, and her death occurred in Terre Haute in 1882. There is one daughter by that marriage, ^lamie, now the wife of Edward Manson. a resident of Texas. For his second marriage Mr. Nicholson chose Catherine Honour, who was born in London. England. There are three children by this union, as follows; George S., who is a graduate of Rose Polytechnic Institute and has recently returned from Old Mexico, where for some time he was in the employ of the Mexican government ; Hilda, who is a graduate of St. Mary-of-the-Woods Seminary, of Mgo comity, and Frederick.

Mr. Nicholson was reared in the Presbyterian church, while his fraternal relations are indicated by his membership in the Knights of Pythias and the Tribe of Ben Hur. Inheriting the sterling characteristics of a long line of sturdy Scotch ancestry, and endowed by nature witlr a good constitution, Mr. Nicholson early developed all the attributes which make a successful man and in America he has put his energy and talent to the test and has met with the success which he so well deserves.

\\'iLLiAii E. Stoke.s, a leading contractor and architect of Terre Haute, dates his residence in this city from 1898, and in the intervening years has built up a large and gratifying business, which is due to his expert workmanship and his honorable business dealings, for he is most loyal to the terms of a contract, never taking advantage of those by whom he is employed in any manner whatsoever. He was born on the old Stokes homestead in Warren county, Ohio, January 22. 1863, a son of Granville W. and Jane (Robinson) Stokes. The founder of the family in .America was the paternal grandfather, William Stokes, a son of Jarvis and Elizabeth (Rogers) Stokes, who was born in Burlington county. New Jersey, January 14-, 1779. while his wife, who bore the maiden name of Hannah Hatcher, was likewise born in Burlington county, on the nth of .\ugust. 1775. ^^'illiam Stokes was a w-heelwright by trade and a manufacturer of wagons. He worked for some time at those pursuits in New Jersey and in 1817 with his family, consisting of wife and nine children, he left his native state for the west, the party composing a train of two lumber wagons, supplied with an outfit necessary to make the long and tedious journey, and after two months they arrived in Lebanon, \\'arren county, Ohio, the date of their arrival being July 4th. The grandfather there settled on a farm, where he made his home until the time of his death, which occurred August 7, 1838. His widow survived for almost two decades, her death occurring April 15, 1858.

fore a little lad of seven years, when he accompanied his parents on their overland trip to the West. He was, therefore, mostly reared in Warren county, Ohio, where he was educated in the district schools. He assisted his father in the cultivation of the home farm until he attained his majority, when, ambitious for a more advanced education, he entered college at South Hanover, Indiana, pursuing an industrial course by learning the carpenter's and cooper's trades. He next took up the study of law under the direction of Thomas Corvvin, at Lebanon, Ohio, and after reading law for a time took up work at the carpenter's trade for a few years in the south. He also taught school and was employed in railroad service in Mississippi. Returning once more to the north, having in the meantime acquired the competence to further continue his professional studies, he entered the Cincinnati Law School, from which he was graduated in 1839. He practiced for several years in his home town and for a time was associated in the practice of law with Governor Waller, at Hamilton, Ohio. For five years he served as clerk of the court of common pleas of Warren county. He took an active interest in municipal affairs and at one time was a member of the senate, representing Butler and Warren counties. He was also brigadier of militia previous to the Civil war and in many ways took active and helpful interest in community affairs. He was married in 1839 to Miss Jane Robinson, who was likewise born in Burlington county. New Jersey, in 1820, a daughter of Edmund Robinson. Mr. Stokes passed away at Franklin, Ohio, May 16, 1882, having survived his wife for a few years, her death occurring in 1878.

William E. Stokes, the immediate subject of this rev.iew, was reared on the home farm in Warren county. Ohio, while his education was acquired in the common schools. After a careful consideration as to what field of activity would be most congenial to him he decided upon the carpenter's trade, and to this end, at the age of nineteen years, became apprenticed to. the trade in Franklin, Ohio. After becoming proficient in the builder's art he engaged in work at his trade in various localities, spending about three years in St. Louis, Missouri. Eventually he engaged in contracting and in 1893 located in Wabash, Indiana, where he spent five years as a contractor and builder. In 1898, however, he came to Terre Haute, where he has since carried on a successful business. He is a skilled workman and is therefore able to direct the labors of his employes, so that the best results are obtained. He also is an architect and designs the greater number of buildings which are erected under his supervision. Since coming to this city he has built up a very large and gratifying trade, many of the finest business blocks and residences having been erected by him. His success, too, is well merited, for he has ever followed the most honorable nietliods in carrying on liis business, is true to the terms of a contract and conscientiously discharges every business obligation to the satisfaction of all with whom he has dealings.

]\Ir. Stokes was married in 1898, the lady of his choice being Miss Emma \V. Wood, of Muncie, Indiana, daughter of David and Jane (Shaw) Wood, both of whom are now deceased. Mr. Stokes is a member of the Modern Woodmen of the World, while his wife holds membership relations with the Centenary Methodist Episcopal church.

Edward H. Bindley, as head of the wholesale drug house of E. H. Bindley & Company, which is the pioneer exclusive drug house of the city, claims Pennsylvania as the state of his nativity, his birth having occurred in the city of Pittsburg, May 27, 1840. His parents were Edward H. and Rebecca (Newland) Bindley, both natives of England, and the father served as a soldier in the war of 181 2. From Pittsburg he removed his familv to Kentucky, wdiere he made his home for many years, and then went to Ohio, in which state both he and his wife spent the residue of their days, ]Mr. Bindley living to be more than ninety-four years of age.

Edward H. Bindley spent his boyhood in Kentucky and was educated in the common schools. He began his business life as a bookkeeper for a drug house in Cincinnati, and in 1862 engaged in the retail drug business on his own account in that city, having acquired a sufficient capital by reason of his former industry and careful expenditure. In the spring of 1864, in company with Charles Eberle, he came to Terre Haute and established a retail drug store under the firm name of Eberle & Bindley on ;\Iain street between Third and Fourth streets. They sought more commodious quarters and a more advantageous location in their removal to the corner of Third and Main streets, and still later they erected and removed to the drug store on Wabash avenue now occupied by Adamson & Anderson. Then withdrawing from the retail trade, they devoted their attention exclusively to the wholesale drug business. Success attended the undertaking in this new departure and the trade of the house steadily increased. In 1888 I\Ir. Eberle retired from the firm, his interest being purchased by Mr. Bindley, and at about the same time the business was removed to the present quarters at No. 662 Wabash avenue. Later Mr. Bindley organized the present firm of E. H. Bindley & Company, his associates in business. being his two sons. Edward H. and J. Bruce. The house is well known for its reliability and for the honorable and progressive methods with which the trade is carried on.

Mr. Bindley married Miss Aimee Mayronne, who was born in Louisiana, and they are well known in the social circles of the city. For six years Mr. Bindley was president of the old Terre Haute Board of

Trade and is now an active member of the Commercial Club. His cooperation is a tangible factor in many movements for the general good, and, in fact, he is progressive in all things. He does not make mistakes, however, through impulsiveness or recklessness in his support of business or public measures, for his course is characterized by sound judgment and keen discernment. Questions of political importance awaken his attention, yet he has never sought nor desired office of any kind. What he has done for the city has been done without hope or desire of official reward. He is known here as a man of stern integrity and honesty of purpose, countenancing no unworthy or questionable methods to secure success in any undertaking or for any purpose.

T.wLOR Jackson Bledsoe, clerk of the board of public safety, Terre Haute, is a native of Vigo county, born in the village of Pimento, Linton township, on the 19th of August, 1877. He is of an old and prominent Tennessee family, which gave its name to Bledsoe county, of that state. His parents are Pleasant and Rebecca (Welch) Bledsoe, the father being a native of Tennessee, and the mother of Indiana. The elder Bledsoe was a blacksmith and a grain dealer, and died at Pimento, March 17, 1888, while the mother is still living with her son in Terre Haute.

Until he was twelve years of age Taylor J. Bledsoe lived at Pimento, and at that time removed with the family to Worthington, Indiana, which remained his home town for about four years. In the schools of these two villages he obtained his elementary and literary education. From Worth- . ington the family, consisting of the widow and children, removed to a farm five miles south of Terre Haute, on which Taylor J. resided until 1899. In that year he went to Indianapolis, where he remained until May, 1900, pursuing a commercial course at \'ories Business College. At its completion he returned to Terre Haute and became stenographer for the Inland Publishing Company, remaining in that position until January 16, 1903, when he was appointed clerk of the board of public safety, under the administration of Mayor Steeg. With the change of administration he went out of office September 5, 1904, and was re-appointed to his old position with the incoming administration of Mayor Lyons, September 3, 1906. Mr. Bledsoe's wife, before marriage, was known as Jennie Washburn. She is a daughter of James H. Washburn, of Vigo county, and has become the mother of John Harvey and Donn Harry Bledsoe.

men. He is a native of Germany, born at ^ruhlheim-on-tlie-Rhinc. l'"ebruary 9, 1844. His parents were Frederick and Margaret (Schmitz) Hoberg, both natives of Germany, the father born in the kingdom of Hanover, and the mother at Koblenz-on-the-Rhinc. Frederick Hoberg was well edncated and thoroughly trained for either a military or a mercantile career, one of the necessary qualifications of the latter being a wide linguistic knowledge. The elder Hoberg was engaged in business in Germany before embarking himself and family for the United States in 1852. Finally landing from the sailing vessel at New York, the Hobergs, parents and children, started at once for their destination. Poland, Clay county, Indiana, where some of their friends had already settled. First they took the Erie canal to RuiTalo, thence to Toledo by lake boat, and from Toledo to Terre Haute by way of the old Wabash canal. Their first exciting adventure was at Toledo, where for a few agonizing minutes they sui^posed they were fatherless : for the head of the family, while loading the baggage onto the canal boat fell overboard and disappeared under the water. Big and little ran to the scene of the sudden disappearance, and had all but given up the good man for lost when a welcome sputtering on the other side of the boat indicated that he had shot under and would still accompany them in the flesh to Indiana. The trip from Terre Haute to Poland was made in a prairie schooner, and its exciting feature was a drunken rider of the "lead horse," who fell off and caused the team to run away, but the runaways were stopped by Frank Schmidt, the well known German citizen of Terre Haute, and nothing further occurred to mar the serenity of the jovirney. The father engaged in the shoe business at Roland, for about three years, and then removed to Terre Haute, where he assumed the position of deputy county auditor. Later he was a clerk in the freight office of the Big Four Railroad, afterward again serving as deputy county auditor. He was also agent for the Hamburg Steamship Company, and immediately after the Civil war, in company with our subject, he visited the fatherland. Before their return they had extended their visit to six months, and had traveled through various sections of Europe, France included. Frederick Hoberg died at Terre Haute, very suddenly of heart disease, in April, 1871, being in his sixty-eighth year, and the mother survived him until 1906, when she passed away at eighty-six years of age. The father was a Protestant and the mother a Catholic.

August Hoberg was a boy of eight years, when he came to Indiana with other members of the family. He laid the foundation of his education in the public schools of Terre Haute, and at the Commercial College ; was taught French by his father, and became proficient in that language, as well as in German and English. Mr. Hoberg commenced his business career in Terre Haute as a clerk in the grocery of A. & E.

Reiman, and then, for two years, served as deputy under Postmaster Cornwell. His next mercantile connection was with the house furnishing establishment of G. E. & C. B. Brokaw, with whom he continued for about five years. For a number of years following he was identified with L. Rice & Son, and Hoberg, Root & Company, the head of the latter house being his brother, ]Max Hoberg, who is now a resident of New York citv. It was during this period of his life that he and his father took that most enjoyable and profitable European trip. On their return from the old country he located in New York city for three years, first taking a position in a French dry goods house, corner of Broadway and Waverly Place, and afterward as French clerk in A. T. Stewart's world-famed establishment. After remaining with the latter for about two years, he removed to Richmond, Indiana, and clerked for Mr. Wittenberg, who afterward owned the New York Store in Terre Haute. His short stay in Richmond was followed by his return to his old home city of Terre Haute.

While a resident of New York ]\Ir. Hoberg spent what time he could snatch from his business in the stud)- of music. He became very proficient on the flute, and for years after coming to Terre Haute was considered one of the leading players on that instrument in the state. Upon his return to that city he at once established a business in wholesale and retail notions and toys in the old Warren block, known as Mechanics Row, later removing to his father's store-room at No. 675 Wabash avenue, now occupied by Silverstein Brothers. In 1884 he purchased his present place of business at No. 815 Wabash avenue, and although his enterprise has greatly expanded within the intervening quarter of a century he has not since changed his location. Besides being widely known and lionored for his mercantile ability and probity, [Mr. Hoberg is a leader in manv fraternities. He was initiated as a Mason by Humbolt Lodge, No. 42. Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, of which he was secretary for three years, but is now identified with Euclid Lodge, No. 573 ; is also a member of Terre Haute Chapter, No. 11, Royal .\rch Alasons ; of Terre Haute Council, No. 8, and Terre Haute Commandery, No. 16, Knights Templars, in which he is now an official. He is, further, a member of the Order of Eastern Star, Chapter Xo. 43 ; Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, No. 86. For about three years he was organist of the Elks lodge. In politics Mr. Hoberg has always been a Republican.

Mr. Hoberg's wife was formerly Miss Emma Grimm, a native of Terre Haute, and a daughter of Christian Grimm, an old citizen and merchant of the city, who died at Jefiferson, Wisconsin, where he had removed. Three daughters and one son have been born to them, as follows : Emma, who has creditably passed through the city and high schools of Terre Haute, is a graduate of the State Normal School and is now a teacher in the public schools ; Louise, who has enjoyed a similar educational training, and is a teacher of German in the city schools ; Minnie, who is a pianist and student at the State Normal School, and Frederick, who is a high school boy.

John Cook, one of the leading business men and citizens of Terre Haute, and the head of the large wholesale drug house of Cook & Black Drug Company, is a native of the grand duchy of Hesse, Germany, and was born on the i8th of October, 1838. In the spring of 1858, after receiving a thorough education in the schools of the fatherland, he emigrated to the United States, locating at once in Greencastle, Indiana. He there joined his elder brother, Conrad, wdio was engaged in the drug trade, and remained with him until 1870, when he came to Terre Haute as a thorough master of the business. Upon locating in that city, he purchased a half interest in the drug store of Charles A. Davis, on Ohio street, and within the following three years O. D. Bell succeeded the latter as a partner, the firm thus becoming Cook & Bell. From Ohio street the business was removed to the corner of Wabash avenue and Third street, when Charles A. Lowrey was received as an active partner. In 1885 Messrs. Cook & Bell erected a large brick store room on Wabash avenue (Nos. 611-613), moving into the completed building in August of that year. In 1893 Mr. Black bought the interest of Mv. Lowrey in the business, and the firm of Cook, Bell & Lowrey became Cook, Bell & Black, and in December, 1905, Messrs. Cook and Black became the proprietors, and the firm assumed' its present style, the Cook & Black Drug Company. A final evidence of the remarkable growth of the business was the erection, in 1907, by Mr. Cook, of the fine large four-story brick block on the corner of Cherr\- and Eighth streets, which, in December, of that vear, was occupied by the company,, its business being thus provided with thirty-one thousand five hundred feet of floor space. Mr. Cook is the controlling factor in this great house, and is also a director and member of the executive committee of the Terre Haute Trust Company.

Mr. Cook was married to Miss Carrie B. Barton, daughter of the late Aaron B. Barton, for years engaged in the wdiolesale saddlery business and one of the well known citizens of Terre Haute. Mrs. Cook is a native of Coshocton county, Ohio, but came to Terre Haute with her parents in childhood, where she has continually grown into the good graces of its people. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. John Cook are: ]\Iary, who married Henry C. .\lbrecht and resides in Terre Haute : Frank \'., a member of the firm of Cook & Black Drug Company ;

John H., a Terre Haute physician. ]Mr. Cook and his family are all earnest members of the First Congregational church, of Terre Haute, and are substantial upholders of the city's best interests.

Frederick A. Reckert was born in Boonville, Indiana, July 4, i860. He received his education in the private and public schools of his native town. From the high school he went to Evansville Commercial College, graduating from that institution in 1876.

He entered the merchant tailoring business in 1876, at Evansville, and came to Terre Haute in 1879. He has lived in Terre Haute ever since, with the exception of one year ( 1881 ) spent in business at Dallas, Texas, and Hot Springs, Arkansas, returning to accept a position with J. T. H. Miller, clothier. In 1895 he became associated with the Ehrmann Manufacturing Company, of which concern he is now general manager.

Mr. Reckert is a member of the Young Business Men's Club, chairman of the library committee, a charter member of the Young Alen's Christian Association, and was first secretary of the board of same, and served as such for several years. He is a Republican in politics and prominent in the public, business and social life of the city.

Robert George Watson, president of the Watson-Biggs Company and manager of the Terre Haute House, is a native of Vincennes, Indiana, born on the 20th of September, 1852. He is a son of Louis L. and Lydia (Fellows) Watson, the father being also a native of Vincennes, where he was born in 181 1. His death occurred in 1905. The paternal grandfather was an old-time fur trader, who traveled the trail from Detroit south into Indiana, Illinois and other points in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys. ^

Robert G. Watson was reared in Vincennes and was educated in the old seminary at that place, as well as at the Commercial College. Afterward he clerked in a store, carried a newspaper route, and in 1870 became an employe at the Union Depot Hotel. This was his first experience in the hotel business, and in April, 1879, '""^ entered the field as a proprietor by purchasing the old National Hotel, of Terre Haute, his partner in the enterprise being A- W'. Heinley. In May, 1896, Mr. Watson engaged in the packing business, associating with himself W. P. Ijams, in formation of the firm known as the Terre Haute Packing Company. This plant was burned in 1898, and in 1900 Mr. Watson assumed the management of the .^etna Hotel, at Danville, Illinois. On June 20. 1901, he joined W. P. Ijams and H. W. Biggs in the organization of the Watson-Biggs Company, which purchased the Terre Haute House, and elected Mr. \\'atson president of the company and manager of the hotel. He has brought the hostelry to a high state of comfort, and is in every way adapted to the business which he has adopted. He is also popular in the fraternities, being a Mason of the Knight Templar degree, and identified with the consistory and shrine. He is, further, a member of the Elks and of the Young Business Men's Club. His wife, to whom he was married in Terre Haute, is a native of that city, and was formerly known as Luella Westfall. daughter of P. S. Westfall. Cora Louise Watson, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Watson, is the wife of Lafayette Straw, of Danville, Illinois.

Professor Walter P. Morg.\n. - Kant has said. "The object of education is to train each individual to reach the highest perfection possible for him." and in his life work Professor \^'alter P. ^lorgan seems to have this as the motive spirit of his labors. He is prominently connected with public instruction in Indiana and as superintendent of the city schools of Terre Haute has held to high ideals in the improvement and methods of the svstem of instruction. His life record is in contradistinction to the old adage that a prophet is never without honor save in his own country, for Professor Morgan is a native son of the county in which his labors are now winning him distinction as a most able exponent of public education. He is descended from pioneer families of the county and his jiarents, William Riley and Nancy (Piety) Morgan, were both born within its borders. The father's natal day was September 20. 1841. while the mother entered upon the journey of life October 5. 1845. The paternal grandparents. William and Sophia (Shattuck) Morgan, were also natives of \'igo county, a fact which indicates that from the early formative period in the history of this part of the state the ancestors of our subject have here been represented. The great-grandparents in the maternal line were natives of Kentucky and were of Scotch-Irish lineage. Reared amid the wild scenes and environments of pioneer life at a period when the Indian still disputed with the white man his right to the territory, William Morgan bore his part in the work of the early progress and development here and continued in active connection with the public life of the community until called to his final rest in 1843. His wife survived him for about seven years, passing away in 1850. Tlieir children were Lvcurgus. \\'illiam R. and Arminta, but the last named and Lycurgus are now deceased.

The maternal grandparents of Professor Morgan were James D. E. and Lucinda (Thomas) Piety, the former born near Harrodsburg, Kentucky, in 1796. while about 181 3 he became a resident of Vigo county, at which time Indiana was still under territorial government. He lived for many years a respected and valued resident of the community, passing away April 19, 1878. His wife was born in ]\Iiddletown, this county, in 1815, and died in 1881.

Following the death of his parents, ^^'illiam Riley Morgan, then but a youth, made his home with his uncle, \'alentine Alorgan, for a year. He afterward lived with Joel Meyers for about four years, and on the i8th of September, 1861, a few days before he had reached his twentieth year, he enlisted for service in defense of the Union, joining the boys in blue of Company D, Forty-third Indiana A'olunteer Infantry. With that command he served until the close of the war, and at the engagement at Mark's Mills was captured by the Confederates and confined as a prisoner of war at Tyler, Texas, for ten months. While doing picket duty on the Mississippi river just across from Helena, Arkansas, he was wounded in the face and forehead and his injuries necessitated that he remain in the hospital for a short period. W'hh the exception of the time spent in the hospital and in a southern prison, he was always on active duty with his command, proving himself a valiant as well as a loyal soldier. In June, 1865, he was honorably discharged and mustered out at Indianapolis. He at once returned to Vigo county and began farming in Prairie Creek township. On October 5, 1867, he married Nancy Piety. In 1867 he removed to Champaign, Illinois, but returned to Prairie Creek township in 1870 and made his home there until his death, June 13, 1908, giving his time and energies to agricultural pursuits with good success. He belonged to the Grange, and both he and his wife were devoted members of the Christian church.

It was upon the old homestead farm in Prairie Creek township that Walter P. Morgan was born, December 30, 1871. His early education was acquired in the old Watson school in Prairie Creek township, and also in the Prairie Creek high school, from which he was graduated with the class of 1888. On the i6th of March of that year he became a student in the Indiana State Normal, where he pursued his studies during the spring and sunmier months, while in the winter seasons he engaged in teaching, and thus provided the means for his normal course. In 1895 he was graduated and immediately after entered upon educational work, becoming a teacher of mathematics in the Terre Haute high school in September, 1895. He there taught for four }ears with success and spent the scholastic year of 1899-1900 in Indiana University. He was graduated in the ensuing spring, majoring in mathematics and doing special work in school management. In the fall of 1900 he became an instructor in the mathematical department of the Indiana State Normal, where he remained for six years. On the :6th of March, 1900, just eighteen years after he first entered the normal as a sttident, he was elected assistant superintendent of the Terre Haute city schools, and at the same time was elected, superintendent, to enter upon the duties of the latter office on the 1st of August following. His administration of the office as superintendent has been all that could be desired and his course has been uniformly commended by the school board, the pupils and the citizens at large. He is always seeking out new methods for the improvement of the schools, is keeping in touch with the constant progress that is being made in educational circles, and is recognized as one of the most able and prominent public school teachers of the state. He is now a member of the superintendents' division of the Xational Educational Association, belongs to the Indiana State Teachers' Association, to the Southern Indiana Teachers" Association, to the City and Township Association of Superintendents of Indiana and to the Terre Haute Science Club.

On the nth of March, iSgo, Mr. Morgan was married to Miss Effie J. Elliott, a daughter of Amos and Henrietta ( Yeager) Elliott. Mrs. Morgan was born in Middletown, \'igo county, and during her childhood days was left an orphan. By her marriage she has become the mother of four children: Ralph Waldo, born on Christmas day of 1893; Mildred \'aleria, born Xovember iS, 181)5; ^^ iHiam Ray, born October 26, 1898; and Lucile, wdio was born August 8, 1901.

Professor and Mrs. Morgan are both widely and favorably known in Terre H^aute and occupy an enviable position in social circles, where true worth and intelligence are received as the passports into good society. He belongs to Blinn camp of the Sons of Veterans, and is interested in all that stands for progressive citizenship, giving his support to many measures and movements which are a matter of civic virtue and civic pride. He is best known, however, in his professional capacity. It is a widely acknowledged fact that the most important work to which a man can direct his energies is that of teaching, wdiether it be from the pulpit, from the lecture platform or from the school room. Its primary object is ever the same - the development of one's latent powers that the duties of life mav be bravely met and well performed. To this work of instructing the young Professor ^lorgan is devoting his time, energies and thought with good results, and has attained much more than local distinction in this connection.

James E. Milks, president and founder of the Alilks Emulsion Company and originator of the product now manufactured by the company, has resided in Terre Haute since March, 1901, coming to this city from Indianapolis, where he had previously resided for ten years. He is a native of Pennsvlvania. his birth having occurred upon a farm in Erie county, October 28, 1867. His parents were Silas E. and I^Iary (Daily) Milks, the former a native of Erie, Pennsylvania, and a representative of one of the old families of New York. The mother was born in the Kevstone ^tate, where her ancestors had lived for a long period. The father served throughout the period of the Civil war as a Union soldier, enlisting when only sixteen years of age. After the war he was married and settled on a farm in Erie county, Pennsylvania, where for many years he carried on agricultural pursuits, acquiring a measure of success that now enables him to live retired. He makes his home in Conneaut, Ohio, and his prosperity in former years enables him now to enjoy many of the comforts and some of the luxuries of life.

James E. Milks is the eldest of three children and was reared upon the home farm, attending the country schools until he had mastered the common branches of learning, after which he entered the high school at Albion, Pennsylvania. He was at that time fourteen years of age. In due course of time he completed the course by graduation and subsequently entered the State Normal School at Edinboro. He alternated his time between teaching and study, being employed as an instructor in country and village schools and thus gaining the funds necessary to defray the expenses of his own advanced course. Entering the field of business activity, he became a traveling salesman and. spent nearly two years in that wa}-. He next entered a railroad office at lluffalo, -New York, where he continued for four vears. Throughout his entire life he has eagerly availed himself of every opportunity for business advancement and, realizing that success depends upon faithfulness, close application and energy, he has ever displaved those traits of character as factors in his business progress. For two vears he was connected with a railroad office in Cleveland. C)hio, and in 1894 left that city for Indianapolis, Indiana, where he became manager for the Scofield & Shermer Oil Company, continuing in that capacity until his removal to Terre Haute in 1901. As the years have gone by he has pursued several courses in chemistry, taking his first course in the Pennsylvania State Normal School, while later he has continued his studies and researches along this line in Indianapolis and Terre Plaute. While in the capital city he began experimenting in the preparation of an emulsion and as the result of his labors brought forth the emulsion which is now being produced by the Milks Emulsion Company. He came to Terre Haute, however, to establish the Tiona Oil Company, in which he sold his interest two years later, preparatory to organizing the Milks Emulsion Company, which has since built up an extensive trade in the manufacture and sale of ^U\ks Emulsion, which is widely and favorably known as a cure for any affliction of the throat, lungs, stomach and bowels, especially consumption, stomach and bowel troubles.

It is sold through jobbers, more than 10,000 retailers now handling the product, and the remedy is recognized as a valuable one in drug circles. The success with which it- has been used secures to it a liberal patronage and the trade of the house is constantly increasing.

Mr. Milks is also well known as a horseman and breeder of fine horses and is president of the Terre Haute Horse Show .Association and the Terre Haute Matinee Club.

While residing in Cleveland, Ohio, Mr. Milks was married in 1892 to Miss Sybil E. Green. They have two daughters, Helen and Elizabeth. ]\Ir. Milks belongs to the Catholic church and is a member of the Knights of Columbus and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He finds much of his recreation in driving fine horses and usually owns some splendid specimens of the noble steed. He began business life under adverse circumstances and has met many difficulties and obstacles as the years have gone by, but has overcome these by determined and persistent effort. In his business he has aimed at high standards in the method of manufacture and in service to the public and has met competition in a rivalry of merit rather than in a war of prices.

J.\coD \\'. iMiLLER has not only been prominently connected with the building operations of Terre Haute for more than a half century, but has also been the architect and builder of his own fortunes as well. In the city where he has so long resided he is known as a man of unsullied reputation in business affairs because of his commercial integrity and the fidelity which he has always manifested in the execution of his contracts. Many of the substantial structures of the city stand as monuments to his skill and handiwork, and while he has now passed the psalmist's allotted span of three score }'ears and ten, he is yet a factor in industrial circles here.

Mr. Miller was born in JNIorristown, New Jersey, November 18, 1833, a son of James L. ^liller and a grandson of Leonard ^liller, who, emigrating from Cologne, Germany, became the founder of the family in America. He had been a soldier vmder Napoleon, had made a brilliant military record and was a man of wide learning arid scholarly attainments. James L. Miller was born in New Jersey and was a cooper by trade. He wedded Mary Ann Brown, also a native of New Jersey, and a daughter of one of the patriots of the Revolutionary war. Mr. and Mrs. Aliller continued to reside in New Jersey throughout their entire lives. The father died of smallpox at the comparatively early age of forty-four years, but the mother reached the advanced age of eighty-four years. Their family included David, Jacob \Y.. James, Moses, Louise, Emma, Marv Elizabeth and Elemuel Miller. The last named is a resi-

Jacob ^^'. Miller was reared in iMorristown, New Jersey, and acquired a common school education, after ^xhich he learned the trade of a general mason, becoming familiar with stone and brick work and plastering. Thinking to enjoy better opportunities in the West, where competition was not so great and where building was being continuously carried on, he came to Terre Haute. I\Iay 26, 1854, where he has since lived. Here he secured work at his trade, which he followed continuously until 1859, in the employ of others, and then began contracting on his own account as a general mason. He has remained in the business continuouslv since and has been identified with the construction of many prominent buildings of the city. He was in limited financial circumstances at his arrival here, but the road to success is open to all who have the determination to tread its pathway, and gradually he has advanced until he has reached the goal of prosperity. In recent years ]Mr. Miller's son Charles has been associated with him in the contracting business and relieves him of much of the more arduous work.

When the Civil war broke out ]\Ir. ]\Iiller became a member of the Union Rifles of Terre Haute, which company was called out at the time of the jMorgan raid, and sworn into the United States army, but was never regularlv discharged from the same. In politics he has always been a stalwart Republican, but has never been an aspirant for office, nor has he filled political positions save that for one term he was a councilman.

Mr. Aliller has been married twice. He first wedded Miss Lavonia Baker, who died, leaving three children: Edgar, who died in 1905; Frank B., of Terre Haute, and Charles H., who is with his father. Mr. Aliller chose for his second wife ]\Iiss Mary E. Whittaker. He is one of the oldest representatives of the Odd Fellows' Society in this city and moreover is a Master Mason, whose identification with the craft has been manifest in his faithful following of its teachings. He is a public spirited man, interested in everything pertaining to municipal progress and co-operating in many measures which have proven a matter of civic virtue and civic pride. His life record has been free from exciting chapters, but has been characterized by faithful performance of duty and bv all the elements which constitute the loyal citizen and the trustworthy friend.

D.\NiEL B, Miller, M. D., has been engaged in the practice of medicine in Terre Haute during the past three years. He was born on a farm in Pierson township, Vigo county, June 8, 1876, a son of Henry

Greater Terre Haute And Vigo Couxtv

C. and Sarah E. ( Barr ) Aliller, natives, respectively, of Ohii) and Kentucky. The father was also at one time a member of the medical profession, but during the last twenty years of his life he was a farmer, and his death occurred March 30, 1907. at the age of fifty-eight years. There were three sons and three daughters in their family, and the mother is now living in Terre Haute.

Dr. Miller has largely been the architect of his own success in life's activities, for from boyhood he has depended largely upon his own resources, and the first six years of his life were spent in Vigo county. His parents then moving to Arkansas, the young lad sjjent the next seven years there, and during the following year the family again became residents of Vigo county. Though but a lad, the Doctor then worked on a farm for wages, and at the end of the year removed with his parents to Brazil, in Clay county, Indiana, where, in 1897, he graduated from the city high school. Previous to this time he had filled clerical positions with grocery and shoe houses there, and in the fall of 1898 he entered Rush Medical College of Chicago, where he completed the course and graduated in 1903. In the meantime he was for fifteen months in the employ of the Inter Ocean. In the fall of 1904 he began the practice of medicine in Brazil, and from there came to Terre Haute in the fall of 1905. He is a member of the Vigo County Medical Society, the Indiana State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He also belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America, Knights and Ladies of Security and the Red Men. The Doctor is medical examiner for a number of insurance companies and fraternal organizations. His religious affiliations are with the Christian church.

I. Rudolph Yung, ]\I. D., a practicing physician of Terre Haute, traces his ancestry to the fatherland of Germany, where in its original form the name was Jung, but the German "J" in script was mistaken for a "Y," and thus occurred the change. Charles Yung, the Doctor's father, came from his native land of Germany to America after the close of the Civil war, and making his way to Terre Haute resumed his work as a wagon maker, but it was not long before he turned his activities to the hotel business, achieving notable success as a hotel proprietor. During the last twelve years of his life he lived retired. He was a fine German character, loved and honored for his true worth. In this city Mr. Yung married Elizabeth Fox, who was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, but during her girlhood days she came with her parents to Vigo county, Indiana, and the family were early pioneers here. Mr. Yung passed away September ii, 1904, aged sixty-eight years, and his wife died January 27. 1906. aged fifty-thtee. and four children survive them.

Dr. Rudclph Yung was born in Terre Haute, ^Nlarch 21,, 1878, and after his graduation from the city high school he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago and graduated therein in 1900. After passing the competitive examination he became a liospital interne, and in the meantime was also associated in practice with Dr. Robert H. Babcock, an eminent physician and medical authority. During six months Dr. Yung was also the resident ph}-sician for the Auditorium Hotel in Chicago. Returning to Terre Haute in 1905 he entered in the fall of that year upon a course in the New York Post-Graduate School, and since leaving that institution has followed a general practice in Terre Haute. He is a member of the attending staff of St. Anthony's Hospital, is a member and was for two years secretary of the Vigo County i\Iedical Society, is a member of the Escnlapian JMedical Society of the Wabash \'alley, of the American Aledical Association, and was police surgeon under Alayor Stagg. He votes with the Democratic party. He is a member of the Fraternal Order of Elks.

T.\Y H. Keyes. - The Keyes family, father and son, has been an ac-- tive and strong factor in the establishment and development of the industries of Terre Haute. Jay H. Keyes, the yoifnger, president and general manager of the Standard Wheel Company and one of the city's prominent men, was born in Terre Haute on the 21st of February, 1859. He is the son of the late Horatio Keyes, a native of ^lassachusetts, born in 1830, and reared in North Adams and its vicinity, where he received a liberal education. His father was Henry Keyes. Horatio was of an inventive turn, and in his early days patented and manufactured several of his creations. Later he engaged in the planing mill business, and in 1857 removed to Terre Haute, where his married sister was then living, and there started a carriage factory. In 1865 he specialized his business by confining himself to the manufacture of hubs and spokes, his plant being located on Poplar street at the southwest corner of First, and the business conducted under the firm name of Thompson & Keyes. Three years later he began the manufacture of wheels, and the firm successively became Keyes & Manconrt and Keyes & Sykes. In 1876 the latter erected a plant at the corner of Thirteenth and Plum streets, the manufactory being constantly enlarged until its destruction by fire in 1880. This loss was almost total, but shortly afterward a stock company was formed, known as the Keves Manufacturing Company, which erected a larger and more comc^^^>T=^^T^>^2:^:?^-^ plete plant. Horatio Keyes was electwl prcsidLMit of the couipany, and so remained until his retirement from active business in i(Sy2. It was at this time that the Standard \Micel Company was formed, of which his son subsequently became president. Horatio Keyes died in June, 1004. He bad married Miss Maria B. Smith, a Massachusetts lady, who passed away in 1898, and to their union were born the followins^: Sanford, who died in 1880; Jay H. ; Grace, who married Clarence Griffith, of Clinton, Indiana, and two daughters who died in infancy.

At the conclusion of his school days Jay H. Keyes entered his father's business, in 1881 becoming secretary and treasurer of the Keves Manufacturing Company. In 1892 he resigned his position with the wheel works and engaged in the lumber business in Kentucky, the headquarters of which were in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1904 he returned to the wdieel business by becoming treasurer of the Standard ^^'heel Company, and six months later was made president and general manager. .Mthough at the head of this important manufactory, he retains his interest in the Kentucky lumber business as vice president of the Kentucky Lumber Company, and thereby evinces his executive strength and broad business capacity. Mr. Keyes is also prominent socially and as a fraternalist. He was the founder and first president of the Terre Haute Country Club, and held the office for seven years. He is a member of the Commercial and Manufacturers' clubs, and is also a Knight of Templar and a Shriner of the Masonic order. Mr. Keyes' wife was formerly Annie W. Warren, a native of Terre Haute, and daughter of William B. Warren, an early and prominent resident of the city. One child has been born to their marriage - Warren J. Keyes - in 1893.

W. H. RoiuiRTS, 'SI. D. - To Dr. W. H. Roberts belongs the honor of being one of the oldest practicing physicians of Terre Haute, of whose interests he has ever been watchful, always ready to do all within his power to further its welfare, and the city owes not a little of its advancement to this well known and public spirited physician. On the paternal side he is descended from Old Mrginia ancestry, and Montgomery township, in Gibson county, Indiana, was named in honor of his maternal grandfather. Judge Thomas Montgomery, although originallv thev, too, were from the Old Dominion state. The parents of the Doctor were James and Xellie (Montgomery) Roberts, the former a native of Kentucky.

Dr. \A'. H. Roberts was born near Ovvensville, in Montgomery township, Gib.sun county, Indiana, July 7, 1839. In the meantime he had attended the subscription schools of the neighborhood and a private school at Princeton and Princeton College (Dr. Jacob Bird), and it was while there that he formed a desire to become a member of the medical profession. He accordingly began reading medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. John F. Howard, a well known physician of that place, and subsequently became a student in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he completed the course and graduated in 1861. at the age of twenty-two, having worked his wav through. From 1864 until 1871 he practiced medicine in Crawford county, Illinois, and at the close of that period came to Terre Haute and has since been numbered among its prominent physicians and public spirited citizens. He is a member of the County, State and Esculapian Medical societies, and gives his political allegiance to the Democracy, while fraternally he is a Master Mason. Up to 1906 the Doctor was very active, but since has devoted most of his time to business matters. He has over fifty houses and business property. In 1873 he bought the corner of Seventh and Ohio and in 1906 built a block.

On the 5th of April, 1866, Dr. Roberts was married to Octavia Bruner, who died in May, 1906, leaving two ^ons and two" daughters : Don M., William H. Jr., Nellie, married R. W. Prescott. of Kansas City, Missouri, and Mabel, society editress of the Star (Terre Haute). Don M. married Miss Mary Tiernan. of Terre Haute, in 1889. He is a contractor. William, Jr., is with his brother.