Washington County, Indiana - Biographical sketches, 1916 (part 9 of 11)

Henry C. Dawalt, farniei'. .S;ik-ni, W'ashnigtnn county, was born on T^larch 6, 185J, on the old Daw.nlt li(iun.>tead. and 1-^ a sou of John G. and Mary (Tatlock) Dawalt. lie grew up under die ]):n-ciual I'oof, on the farm entered by his grandfather fnMu llie g< i\ ernnKMil. ;uid altended the Quaker Seininarj', when it was conducted 1)\ l'r(il\>s(ir Finkham. alH)Ut live miles northeast of Salem, and was .at thai tune a famous school, students coming from all parts of Indiana. After c<niipleting his education, he tanglu school in the district during the winter ninntlis rnul f.arnied in the summer. He began teaching when seventeen ye;irs nf age. and still has his old silver watch, bought with his first earnings. He was well educated, and was the champion speller of the whole county. Mr. Dawalt later followed agriculture for nine or ten years near his place of birth, and then moved to Salem, where he also farmed for eight years, and where his daughters attended high school. He bought the farm where Mrs. Short now lives, and which he improved with a good dwelling in 1893, living there until 1906, when he moved in December, of that year, to his present farm, located two 'miles east of Salem, and is now the prosperous owner of two hundred and fifty-si.x; acres of good agricultural land.

John G. Dawalt, father of the subject of this sketch, was born about 1816 where the "Farmers Store" is now located, on South Main street, Salem, where his father then kept a tavern. He was a son of Henry and r^lizabeth (Gross) Dawalt, and lived on the home place in Salem until his death, which occurred about 1895. He lies buried in the old Dawalt burying ground on the farm. Mr. Dawalt was united in marriage with Mary Tatlock, daughter of Joshua and Anna (Whitby) Tatlock, by whom he had four children, Emeline, Scott, Henry C. and Commodore, Emeline died when about eleven years old; Scott died when about sixteen years old; Commodore died about 1912.

Henry Dawalt, the paternal grain. ia.l .(, and his wife, Elizabeth (Gross) Dawalt, were natives of York county, Pe-.nsylvania, and Rockingham county, Virginia, respectively, and both of German lineage. Mr. Dawalt came to Washington county in 1808, settling first in section 15, Washington township, where he spent the remainder of his life with the exception of four years, his death occurring at the age of ninety years. Mrs. Dawalt died at the age of seventy-five years. Henry Dawalt was commissioned captain of the mihtia by the territorial governor, Harrison, receiving several promotions until he wa'^ made colonel of his regiment, and was at the head of his company during the Pigeon Roost massacre. Mr. Dawalt kept tavern for four years at S;dem, in the third house built in the town, erected in 1S03-7, Ijv him.self. He bought many tracts of land in Washington and adjoining counties. On his farm, three miles east of Salem, was a cabin that was used ;is a defense against Indians, where settlers gathered for mutual |iiotectioii during the time of the Indian scares. Mr. Dawalt was franklv a ])ro-s!;i\cry man, ruul did his duty as he saw it, taking runaway slaves from the "underground railway" and returning them to their masters. Tiesides lieing a colonel in the militia, Henry Dawalt was a county commissioner ^i-r\iiig continuously tor several terms. To Henry and Elizabeth (('ir(ssi Dawalt were liorn the following children: Henry. Daniel, John

G. Jletsev, Susan, Polly, Kate and a girl whcj died young. Henry Dawalt died at the age of ninety years, and lies liuried in the old Dawalt burying ground on his farm.

Jcshua Tatlock, the maternal grandfather, was born in Pasquotank county, North Carolina, and settled north of Ganton in pioneer times. His wife was Anna (Whitby) Tatlock.

Henrv G. Dawalt was united in marriage on March z6. 1S77, with , Margaret J. Xorris, daughter of fames and l^lizabeth ( Gottnian ) Xorris. | She was born near Norris Station. To this union ha\-e been born two j daughters. Eva May and Nora D.. the latter of whom became the wife of ' W. N. Short, and li\es ju.st east of Sal^ni. She was first married to Lee H. I Streaker, by which marriage she was tne motiier of two children, Margaret I and T-ee Henr}' Streaker. Vau May Dawalt is at home. Both of Mr. ' Dawalt's daughters were students at Indiana University, and both attended j St. Mary"s of the Woods, at Terre Haute. Indiana, where they went after graduating from tlie Salem high school. I

James Norris, father of Mrs. Henry G. Dawalt. was the youngest of \ the thirteen children of lulward and Mar\ (McDowell) Norris, and was born just east of Norris Station. He was united in marriage with Elizabeth Marv .Ann Goii'man. w Ikt was born near Greenville, in I'loyd county, Indiana. .Xfter his marria.ge. James Norris l)ought land adjoining Norris Station, where he became a prosperous farmer and stock raiser, and where he spent the remainder of his life. This marriage was blest with five children, Alice, P'loretta, Margaret J.. Mrs. Daw^alt and one son, William, who died in May, 1<>I5.

Edward Norris, the jiaiernal graudfatber. was born w'as one nf three brothers, one of whom was blind, and vania; fobn settled in Glark countw Iiidi;ina: lulward. smith by trade, lived for .1 lime in Slielby county, Keiitii united in marriage with Mar\ McDowell, of that cou Washington county. Indiana, prob.ililx ;il)oiit 1 S<^;v .-nid mile southwest of .Vorris Station. He \\;is .1 lilack-^niill his life.

Rk'Hard R. Xewlox

One of the l>est and most favorably known of the prosperous farmers antl prf-minent men of Pierce township. Washington county, Indiana, is Richard R. Xewlon, wlio was l^orn in Pierce township, .\pril 15, 1859, the son of George \'\'. and J.ouisa ( Fulmer ) Newlon. nati\es of Washington county, the former l)orn in 1825, the latter in 18:38.

George \V. Xewlon was the son of William and Nancy (F>ooth) Newlon, both of wh(im were natives of Virginia, and who came, alx)ut the year 181 1, to Washington county, Indiana, and settled in what is now Frankhn township, where William Newlon secured a farm which he cultivated for some time and then moved to I'ierce township, where he purchased one hundred and si\t\- acres of land, on which he lived for the remainder of his days

George W. Newlon grew to manhood on the Newlon farm in Pierce township, and .-ifter some years on the farm of his father he engaged in general fanning, together with a specialty of raising fine apples, Mr. Newlon having been known as one of the most successful producers of apples, as well as ha\ing been an expert in matters of judgment regarding this fruit. During the year 18-I.8, George W. Newlon was married to Louisa Fulmer, the daughter of Frederick P'ulmer and wife. To this marriage v.ere liorn the following children, William (deceased). Deborah, Henry, Sarah, Richard, Mary, Elizabeth, Abraham and Catherine. George W. Newlon was a prominent member of the College Hill Christian church, having l>een an elder of this church for many years. In politics Mr. Newlon was a Republican, although he was not active in politics.

Richard R. Newlon received his education in the common schools of Pierce township, ^^'ashington county, after which he worked on the home farm for some time a!id then secured two hundred and twentv acres of the home farm, a place which he improx-ed and where he now engages in general agricultural pursuits. Mr. Newlon today has one of the most convenient and modern farms of the community, his home Ijeing one of the most desirable of the county. The farm of Richard R. Newlon is known as "Woodlawn I'^arm."'

On October 6. 18S1, Richard R. Newlon was married to Arra I"!. Caul)le. a daughter nf Andrew Cauble and wife, a sketch of whose life is given on another page of this volume. To the marriage of Richard R. and

Arra 15. Xewlon liaxe been born the following children, Jesse H., Sadie A., Carl B., George \V., Earl C ., R. Ray, Elizabeth L. and Irene E.

Jesse H. Nevvlon received his early education in the district schools of Pierce township, Washirgton county, after which he attended the Salem high school and then attended and was graduated from Borden College with the class of 1903. Mr. Newlon later secured the degree of Batchelor of Arts from the University of Indiana, in the year 1907, and then he became a postgraduate stui;lent at Columbia University, of New York city, receiving from this institution the degree of Master of Arts, in the year 1914. Jesse H. Newlon taught school in Pierce township, at New Albany, and at Charleston, Indiana, and he is now jjrincipal of the high school at Decatur, Illinois. Jesse H. Newlon was married to Letha Hiestand, daughter of well-known people of this community.

Sadie A. Newlon is a graduate of the Salem high school and received her degree from the TJniversity of Indiana in 1910, and is now a teacher of mathematics at the Bluffton, Indiana, high school, she having in the past been a teacher m the school of Pierce township, and also at the Clinton, Indiana, high school.

Car! i'). Xewlon. princi]>al of the L'rown Pomt, Indiana, high school, is a graduate of the Uni\-ersity of Indiana, having received his degree in the year 1013, after which he was a teacher in the schools of Pierce township, in the Pekin grade schools, and in the high schools of Greencastle and Sheridan, Indiana.

George \V. Newlon, a graduate of ,Salem high school, now a farmer of I'lerce township, married Essie ("rim and to this marriage have been born three children, Glenn C, Paul L. and Katheleen M.

l-"ari C. Newlon is a graduate of the Salem high school and has been a student at Purdue PTniversity, where he was later engaged as a milk-tester for the dairy associatitm extension de]>artment, and now has a dairy on his father's farm.

R. Ra\' Newlon, after his graduation from the Salem high school, was a teacher in the Pierce townshi]) schools for two years, and was later an em])lovee of the Pekin Roller Mills at Salem, Indiana, and at present is farming near Eokomo, Indiana.

I'^lizabeth L. Newlon is a graduate of the Salem high school, was a student in the deijartment of literature at the I^ni\ersity of Indiana, and is now a teacher in the Pekin high school.

Richard li. Newlon has taken a prominent place in the pubHc life of Pierce township and of Washington county, having served as a township trustee for eleven years, being elected first in 1888, and again in 1890. the third time in 1904. Mr. Newlon is a leading and ardent Republican.

Richard R. Newlon and his wife are active members of the Church of Christ, Mr. Newlon, for about twenty years, having served as an elder of this congregation. I\ichard R. Newlon and his family are among the respected and esteemed people of the community, because of their unselfish lives and on account of their notable usefulness to the communities of their activities.

Charles Samukl Hinds

One of tlic best-kninvn of the prominent and successful farmers and stock raisers of Washington township, this county, is Charles Samuel Hinds, who was born at ] lindsboro, in Douglas county, Illinois, March 17, 1867, the son of James Pleasant and Sarah Eliza (Fry) Hinds, whose lif-e history appears elsewhere in this volume.

Charles Samuel Hinds, when twelve years of age, in 1879, came to Washington county with his parents, and after the completion of his education he aided his father on the home farm until 1893. when he purchased, one hundred and forty acres of land in Washington township, which he has nnproxed into one of the most convenient, modern and best equipped farms, of the c(.ninuinity, ant! a farm where Mr. Hinds is now engaged in general farmmg, ingether with the raising of fine .Mierdeen-.Angus cattle and Duroc- Jersey ho,t;s, the li\e stock of Charles Samuel Hinds being unexcelled in Washington county. Mr. Hinds has named his l)eautiful farm "Maple Lane Farm," the name having been chosen on account of the picturesque lane of ma])le trees leading to the home from the main road.

During the month of March, 1892, Charles Samuel Hinds was married to ,\'ancy t '. l^lliott, who was born near Fredericksburg, in Howard townshi]), Washington county, the daughter of Levi and Catherine (Harmon i I'.lliott. Charles Samuel and Nancy C. Hinds are the parents of two children : Iva C, who lives at home, and Merrill, who as.sists in the culti- \;ition of the home farm, and who married Lillia Haslett. the daughter of Harry and Lear] (Williams) Haslett.

( harles Samuel Hinds and his family ai - active members and workers of the Church .'f Christ at Canton. In jiolitics, Mr. Flinds is an ardent

\s a fr.atcrnal man. Mr. Hinds is ])r()niinently affiliated as a member n\ Salem I. ..doe \n. (,y. Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Charles Saninel Hinds is mie id' the bc^t-kn' iw ii men of Washington county, his ])lace m the alT'drs id the eonnt}- ;d\va\s being one of ^irominence and of trnst. as well as of honor, and a po'iition which permits this able man to use his nnnsual altainmeiits and qualifications for the benefit of the locality.

|ohn k. .Spiglcr, well-known farmer, respected citizen and honored - eteran of the Civil living at Fredericksburg, Washington county, Indiana, was Ijorn near Salem, this county, on August i, 1841. the son of Henry and Hannah ( Senner ) Spigler, natives of Germany.

Henr\' Spigler came to America when he was eighteen years of age and after a jKjrilous voyage, during which the ship of his passage was wrecked on a sand-bar and the passengers compelled to suffer three days of hardship and delay, Mr. Spigler arrived at New York in 1829, in which city, together with the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he followed his trade as a stone-mason, for some years. I^ater, having been married to. Hannah Senner, who had come to America with her parents. Henry Spigler came to Washington county. Indiana, and located at Salem, where he continued to follow his trade, much of the fine stone work on the southwest corner of the square at Salem being the work of the elder Spigler. After sotne years Henry Spigler retired from his occu])ation as a stone-mason and bought a farm near Salem, a place he cultivated for some years and then renting his farm, he moved to Posey township, about 1846, and purchased a farm of one hundred and thirty acres near Fredericksburg. On this place Henry Sjiigler engaged in general farming, at the same time engaging irv the work of his trade at Fredericksburg, until ad\-ancing age required him to retire from active life.

Henry Spigler died in the year iHcS^. His wife died in 1857. Henry and Hannah Spigler were the parents of the following children : Phoebe, John P.. b'lizabeth. P.arbara. Hannah, .Amanda, Susan and Ransom, all of whom are deceased exceijt John P.. the suliject of this sketch.

John R. Spigler was educated in the common schools of Posey townshi]), Washington county, after which he worked on the home farm until July 17, 1801, when he enhsted in Company G, Eighteenth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, ser\ing in the army of General Grant for four years, John R. Spigler took part in the battles of Pea Ridge, Vicksburg, and vas present at the fall of Jackson, Mississippi. On October 19, 1864, he was taken prisoner of war, at Salisbury, South Carolina, and for four months and eighteen days he was compelled to suffer the hardships and .starvation of prison camp life until he was paroled. Mr. Spigler again enlisted, in February, 1864, at Magnolia, Texas, and served until the end of the war. He was honorably discharged at Savannah, Georgia, in 1865.

After the close of the Civil War, John R. Spigler returned to Washington county and engaged in farming, renting a farm for about three years and then Air. Spigler bought one hundred and sixty acres of land in Ppsey township, where he lived for seventeen years. He then purchased thirty- Hve acres of land in Fredericksburg, a place adjoining the Dixie Highway, and a farm which Mr. Spigler cultivates to a limited extent. John R. Spigler has |)urchased a first-class town property where he now lives and he is the owner of ten acres of timber land in the locality.

On September 23, 1866, John R. Spigler was married to Martha A. Durnil, who was born near Martinsburg, in Jackson township, she being the darighter of \^''illiam and Nancy (Royse) Durnil. William Durnil was the son of James and Martha (Crusenberry) Durnil, both of whom were nati\es of \''irginia, where they lived until moving to the state of Tennessee, .ifter \\hich. in 1825, they came to Washington county, Indiana, and located (in a farm in Jackson township, where they spent the remainder of their lixes. Nancy Royse, the mother of Martha Durnil, was the daughter of Gabriel Royse and wife, who were early settlers in Posey township, Washington county, Indiana, where Gabriel Royse was a farmer and a general merchant.

John R. Sivlgler is a leading member of the Grand Armv of the Republic post at Salem, and is a citizen who in the past was one of the capable and eificient towu'^hip supervisors. In politics, Mr. Spigler is now a Prohibitionist, although he was a Republican earlier in life and prior to the ''i\il War was of tlie Democratic partv.

John R. Sjiigler has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, ;it I'Vederickslnirg. for thirty-eight vears. and he is now a district steward and a trustee nf his local church. Mr. Spigler has been prominent in the (61) work of the Methodist church for some years, having aided substantially in the erection of Horner's Chai>el, and now takes an important part and interest in this church. Mrs. Spigler is an active and appreciated member of the Methodist Kpiscopcl church.

Manson C. Shanks

Manton C. Shanks has gained through his own powers a place of distinction in the agricuhural activities of Washington county. Unassuming in character, though possessing a strong purpose of achievement, he has by the inherent powers of his nature attained the prosperity for which he strove. Mr. Shanks is a descendant of one of the oldest families of Washington county, whose early endeavors are linked most notably with the pioneer history of this section of the state. Manson C. Shanks was born on the 25th of No\ ember, 1853, and is tiie son of Erasmus W. and Johanna ( Brewei "i Shanks.

The foimder of the Shanks family in this state was William Shanks, a native uf Botetourt county, Virginia, who was born on the 12th of May, 1791 He came to Indiana in \S.22 and for two years lived in (lark county. He then came to this county and located on a farm on Blue river, west of I'arrabee Station, where the r.vans Wright farm now stands. William Shanks, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a Methodist ]ireacher who exjjerienced the hardships endured by the circuit riders of the early days, who were obliged to meet winter and rough weather in order that they might carry messages of cheer to those who were fighting the obstacles of a life ill the wilderness. Mr. Shanks was a self-made man. in the highest sense of the term. He possessed a remarkable intellect which he develojied to a high degree by i^ersistent home stud)'. His ])ersonality was of the mo.st coinnicing t\'pe and he taught b\- ])recept as well as b\- exam])le. Twice he w;is elected tc represent W ;ishington county in the T.egi-^lature, and one of the iiitere-tmg experiences ..f his ]iolitical career was the riding to the state cai)ital ;ui(l back, on horseback. ;is was the custom of that period. To the state senate he was als.) elected to ser\e. where be execute<l the duties of that office in .a m.-miier most worthx- of commendation.

President of the United States. ^Villiam Cravens was a Methodist preacher who began his career in the SI ndoah valley, where he owned a large number of slaves. Becoming convinced later, however, that slavery was wrong he liberated the men he held in control, and came to Indiana, where he 1 lade his home with his daughter, Hannah. William Shanks died on the 20th of May, 1863, after rearing a family of ten children of whom Erasmus, the father of the subject of this sketch, was the fourth in line of birth.

In Clark county, Indiana, near Charleston, Erasmus Shanks was bom (Ml the 8th of January, 1824. He grew up in an atmosphere of high princii)les of living, and naturally assumed the marks of culture which were pre\alent in the home of his boyhood. When he reached the age of manhood he took up the occupation of farming which he followed until his death. Before the outbreak of the Civil War he held a place in the Legislature, and during the seventies was a member of the state Senate. During his life, Mr. Shanks gave support to the principles of the Democratic party and was twice the choice of his township for the office of trustee. He was a man who by noble attributes of character gained a place of high esteem in the community in which he lived. He vvas not only charitable, but used every effort to promote the moral and intellectual improvement of the Cdunty in which he plajed so prominent a part. He devoted most of his business interests to general farming. The farm in Pierce township consisteil of three hundred and seventy-one acres of land and the land owned by him in [\ansas extended oxer an area of two hundred and forty acres. I'>asnius Shanks married Joanna P.rewer, the daughter of John and Elizabeth (Colley) Rrewer. a sketch of whose family appears on another page of this \'olume. Mrs. .Shanks, who was born in the southern part of Washington township, became the mother of the following children: Anna, Ellen, Charles, Manson, Mary, Cassie and Hannah Evaline. Mr. and Mrs. Shanks died in Pierce township.

The early education received by Manson C. Shanks was obtained in the common schools of the countv in which he was born. After completing the course offered in the public schools he took up the duties of farm life, working on the farm with his father. He remained at home until he was twenty-three years old. when he was married to Amanda A. Wiseman, the daughter of Henry and Polly fZink) Wiseman, a native of Washington county.

farm owned hy his father, which contained one hundred and sixty acres of land in the northwestern part of Pierce township. Later he added forty acres to the original farm where he lived until his death, which occurred on the Jisl uf October, 1903. Mr. Wiseman was always a firm supporter of the princijjles of the Republican party.

On the 1.3th of March, 1856, the marriage of Henry H. Wiseman to Polly Zink, the daughter of Peter Zink and Sarah (Wright) Zink, and a native of Washington township, took place. The children born to Mr. and Mrs Wiseman were; Vanda, who became the wife of Manson Shanks; Charlie, who died when two years old; Anna Belle, the wife of William Shanks, ])assed away on the 17th of June, 1913, and is survived by three children, Essie, Ora and Fred ; Lew Allen, a farmer who lives west of .Salem and who married Dora Gilstrap, has two children, Zella and Harry; Sherman, wlin remains at home with his mother and manages the home farm, and l\ffie the wife of Erasmus Baker, who lives in Paragould, Arkansas, and who i> the mother of three children, Pollv, Samuel and Alice.

Tames W. May

I'^ew n)en of Washington township, Washington county, Indiana, have been of greater service to their community, or have taken a more important place in the ranks of the educators, in professional circles, or in agricultural life, than has James W. May, who was born at New Albany, Indiana, on Octolier I 1, i^s/, the son of William \V. and Suzanna (Keithley) May, the former of whom was horn in Washington county, on December 19, 1829. the son of James G. and Xancy (Armstrong) May: the latter at Bloominglon. Indiana, on Xoxemher 20, 1826, the daughter of James M. and Jane (.Mc( alien) Keithley.

James (j. .May was born at Polling h'ork. Lincoln county, Kentucky, on \])ril 21, 1805, the son of Jacob and Eleanor (McDonald) May, the former of whom was de-^cendefl from a German family, some representatives of which, as students of a German university, uttered some statements which i)eing inter])reted as treasonable, resulted in a state of afifairs which caused se\eral brothers to leave their country and come to America, aljout the year 1700. On their .irrixal in .\merica, the four brothers settled in various ])arts of colonial \merica. John .May, from whom James G. May is a descendant, having lived in North Carolina, Maryland and Virginia, later moving to Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio, the former locality being the birthplace of Jacob May, who was the father of James G. May, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch.

James G. May received his elementary education in his home, after which he became a student at Morrison's Academy, at Salem, attending this school until he was sixteen years of age, and then, Ijeing without means for a higher education, he became a school teacher, teaching a part of the year and working as a farmer, at the same time pursuing his studies privately. In 1823 he became the teacher of a subscription school in his community. In 1824 Mr. May came to Indiana, and taught school in Brown township, of Washington county, later teaching in the schools of Decatur county, in the Harrison County Seminary, and in the schools of New Albany.

During the year 1838, after some years of home study, James G. ATay was admitted to the bar at Rushville, Indiana, and for about five years after this time he was engaged in legal pursuits at Salem, in Washington county. From December, 1832, to November, 1834, Mr. May was editor of the Western Annytator. Mr. May, during his editorship, taking a prominent and influential part in the political discussions of his day. At the time of the agitation prior to ^he Civil War, Mr. May took a solid stand in favor of the Union, as a resu!*- of which he was many times threatened with violence and harm.

On March 5, 1829, James G. May was married to Nancy Armstrong, who was the daughter of Benoni and Elizabeth ( McCoskey) Armstrong. James G. and N^ancy May were the parents of seven children. Mr. May and his wife were prominent members and active workers in the Presbvterian church.

William \^'. May received his earh" education from his father after which he took his master's degree from old Asbury College and then engaging in the profession as a school teacher, for some years. For some time William W. May was in charge of the seminary at (^orydon, later, front 1861 to 1863, serving as principal of the school, after which he came to Salem, Washington county, and tatight in the schools of that town and at a local academy, until 1870, when he went to New Alban\-, Indiana, and was a teacher there for about eight years, at the end of which time Mr. May returned to Salem and established what was known as the Eikosi Academy, the name being the same as that of a school in which William W. May had taught at New .Albany, for about one-half of his time in that held. ^Vi11iam

W. May continued his active work as a teacher at the Eikosi Academy until his death on July lo, 1885. During his career as a school teacher Villiam W. May was an enthusiastic supporter of the policy of abolition. He also taught in the Collegiate Institute, at Morganfield, Kentucky.

In politics, William W. May was an ardent Republican, having given considerable of his time, efforts and talents for the support of the principles of this party. Mr. May was a member of the Free and Accepted Masons lodge at Salem. As a churchman, William W. May was prominently connected, having been a leader in the Methodist church at Salem, and not only served his church as superintendent of the Sunday school, but as a delegate to various conventions and conferences.

William W. May was married, in 185 1, to Suzanna Keithley, and to this marriage was born three children: Suda, who died in 1882; James W., the subject of this sketch, and Benoni, who is a Methodist minister of Evans- \ille, Indiana. Suzanna, the wife of William W. May, died in 1894.

James -W. May went to Corydon, Indiana, from his home at New Albany, when he was about seven years of age and after some time he came to Salem, where he received his early education, under the instruction of his father. Eater, in 1876, James W. May was graduated from the Eikosi Academy, at New Albany, Indiana, and then he became a school teacher, teaching at the Collegiate Institute, at Morganfield, Kentucky, from 1876 to lanuary, 1S78. In 1878, James W. May became a student at Syracuse University, at Syracuse, New York, being a special student of architecture until 1 88 1, when he graduated and then returned to Salem, Washington county, and later followed his profession as a draftsman for one summer at Seymour, Indiana. Subsequently, James W. May pursued the duties of his profession as an architectural draftsman at Louisville, Kentucky, for about two years and then returned to Salem, Indiana, and for a time engaged in teaching at Eikosi Academy. After the death of his father, James W. May, with his brother, Benoni, took charge of the academy which had been founded liy their father, and continued as the principals of this school until 1889, the brothers at this time accepting the charge of a college at New Albany, a school which James W. and Benoni May conducted until 1893, when Benoni May resigned and then James W. May continued in the work one year later when he returned to Salem and located on a farm of seventysix acres in Washington township, a place where James W. May is now li\'ing and engaging in general farming and which he has since bought.

McKnight. who was born on Ala\- 13, 1866, in Washington township, the daughter of VYilham J. and Miriam (Nickerson) McKnight. To the marriage of James W. and Ollie May have been l)orn three children, William McKnight, Ralph Oliver and Mary Helen.

William McKnight May is a graduate of the Salem high school, was graduated from Purdue University as an electrical engineer in 191 1, and was assistant superintendent of the Mazda Lamp Company, at Oakland, California. He is a member of the h'ree and Accepted Masons, of his home city. He now lives in Cleveland, Ohio, where he is an electrical engineer.

Ralph Oliver May is a graduate of the Salem high school and now assists his father in the cultivation of the home farm. Ralph Oliver May has been a student of literary and art work at DePauw University, of Greencastle, Indiana, and has some reputation as an artist. He has had special instruction in art .studies at Cincinnati, Ohio.

James ^V. May is a prominent meml)er of the Methodist Episcopal church, at Salem, having been active in the work and worship of that church during his residence in Salem, and is a trustee in the church. In politics Mr. Mav is a Repuljlican, although he does not aspire to ofifice. James W. May and his family are among the respected and honored people of Washington count}', their efforts and acti\ities for the progress of the communitv and for higher things having won for them the esteem of all.

Jacob H. Hancock, owner nf three hundred and -^exenty-five acres of land in Washington coimty, which he manages while living in Fredericksburg, was iKirn on Ai)rn 1 |. 1854, in r.lue River township. Harrison county, Indiana, the son of T>eni,innn H. and Margaret ( Senseuev ) Hancock, the former of wbran. ^oii of Matthew Hancock, wa-- born in 1820. in Rlne the daughter of Peter and Mary ( Burgess ) Senseney, the former of whom was engaged during his Hfe as a tanner. Benjamin H. Hancock operated a store and a peddler's wagon during his early life in Harrison county, but was later elected county commissioner of that county. Upon removing to VVashmgt jn county in 1876 he engaged in a private banking business in Fredericksburg. He also served on the state board of agriculture for many years. He died in March, 1908, at the age of eighty-eight. His wife died in 1910.

Reared to manhood in Harrison county, Jacob H. Hancock removed with his i)arents to Fredericksburg in 1876. In the fall of the same year he and his brother, Thomas Edward, started overland for the West in a wagon and mule team. After entering a claim in Montgomery county, Kansas, they renrained there only four months, at the expiration of which time they sold out and returned to Washington county. The two brothers then purchased the Durnil farm, near Fredericksburg, which they farmed jointly until 1885, when Jacob H. purchased his brother's interest. IJntil 1910 Mr. Hancock lived on this farm, but at that time he purchased the home where he now li\'es west of the river in Fredericksburg.

Jn 1 88 J Jacob H. Hancock was united in marria.ge to Mary Elliott, a native of Harrison county and the daughter of Pleasant and Martha (Kay) I'llliott, the former of whom was born in 1837, ^^^^ Corydon, in Harrison county, the .son of Nathaniel and Jane Elliott, and the latter, bom midway between Hardinsburg and Fredericksburg, the daughter of John and Lucinda (.\ustin) Kay. Pleasant Elliott served about one year in the Civil "War, in Company G. Ninth Regiment, Indiana "Volunteer Infantry. After the war he remo\ed to Posey township and in 1877 moved to Fredericksburg, where he has since resided. To Mr. and Mrs. Pleasant Elliott were born eight children of whom Mrs. Hancock is the eldest.

To Mr. and Mrs. Jacob H. Hancock have been born eight children, as follow . Charles, who married Etta Payne, lives on his father's farm and has one son, Raymond; Harley, who attended Central Normal, at Danville, now lives in Nebraska; Frank, who is at present living on his father's farm, married Ptertha Hunter, to which union there has been born one daughter, Lena; Laura, the wife of Raleigh Ellis, lives in Fredericksburg and has two (laughters, Lillian and Mary: John is engaged in a wholesale millinery business in Louisville; Oseline is the wife of Frank Arnold, of Hamlin, Texas, and both are instructors at the Central Nazarene University ; Walter, aged sixteen, lives at home, as does also Ella, who is fourteen years of age.

Q70 Washington County, Indiana

Mfcthodisl church, Mr. Hancock having served for over twenty years as an official steward and trustee of the church. Mr. Hancock was a Democrat earlv in life, Ixit is now a I'rohilMtionist.

Aaron Asbury Cravens

Aaron Asbury Cravens was born on July 26, 1844, the son of Gen. fames .\. and Susan (Hardin) Cravens, the former of whom was bom in 1818 in Rockingham county, Virginia, the son of John and Sarah (Harrison ) Cravens. John Cravens was the son of William Cravens, a famous pioneer Methodist preacher in Virginia, and, later, in Illinois and Indiana. He was an evangelist and came within one vote of being chosen bishop. He moved to Madison, Indiana, and in his old age bought land four miles south of Salem, where his remains lie buried.

John Cravens married Sarah Harrison, of Virginia, a relative of Gen. William Henry Harrison. After their marriage the family, as early perhaps as 1820, moved to Indiana and located four miles south of Salem on the .Martinsburg and Salem road, where the father died. John Cravens ran a ' acksmith, shop many years, but in old age moved to Martinsburg, where he livv-d itil the death of his wife, and he then lived with his son, James A., until deatn.

James A. Cravens \\^as yet a child when his parents came to Indiana, and he grew to manhood at the location- mentioned, and became a farmer. He married .Susan Hardin, and they lived in Madison township. When the Mexican War came he enlisted and was at once commissioned as major, and subsequently promoted as brigadier-general. After the war he resumed farming in Madison township. He was chosen as a member of the Indiana state Legislature and served as representatixe and also as state senator. In i860 he ^vas a candidate for Congress, and in 1862 was elected as congressman ;ind served tM'o terms in that body. Prior to i860 he was state agent for one term. He died on June 20, 1803.

Susan Hardin was born in the south part of .Madison township, the (laughter of .\aron antl Sarah ( Leathennan) Hardin. Her father was one of the earliest settlers in the southwest part of Washington county. He was born in North Carolina, and after his marriage and while their first child was a l>al\v. he brought his family to this county. His wife rode their one horse, which she guided with a r(i))e bridle, and carried the babe in lier arms. Here he started toward prosperity by feeding cattle on the "barrens," and driving them to New Albany. He bought land at two and three dollars per acre. He built cabins and put tenants on the lands purchased, and at the time of his death had thirty or forty tenants, and it took three days to sell his personal property. He was the owner of nearly four thousand acres of land. He owned a store in the south part of Madison township, also a tan-yard and saddler shop, and was a man of affairs at that time. He lived about three miles north of where Hardinsburg now stands. A man named Ralston, who was amongst the first settlers at Indianapolis, had settled here and built a large distillery and store, and Aaron Hardin, being a temperance man, bought the distillery and closed it. The Methodist church started in that locality held the first meeting at his house. Aaron Hardin owned all the enterprises in his vicinity, excepting a grist-mill.

After James A. Cravens married he spent most of his life in Madison township, chiefly farming and trading in live stock, and was also in the milling business. Ide furnished the capital and built the first mill at Hardinsburg, and when the Civil War came and the men to whom he had loaned the money enlisted he took the mill and ran it the remainder of his life. He died on June 20, 1893, his wife having died on February 18, 1892. Aside from a daughter, who died in infancy, they were the parents of Aaron Asl)ury, Benjamin H.. Mrs. Virginia Davis, John R., Mrs. Susie Lapping and Mrs. Ella Hammond.

Aaron A. Cravens grew to manhood on his father's farm, north of Hardinsburg, and attended the county schools until i860, then attended James G. May's academy at Salem in i860 and 1861. When his father went to Congress. .\. A. Cravens had to assist at home with the farm and mill until 1864, and quit in the autumn of that year to secure a long-desired education, and at once entered college at Bloomington. He paid his own educational expenses until his fund? became exhausted. To earn money for comjiletiug his course at college he worked at feeding herds of army horses that had been run down. His father owned about one thousand acres, much of which was meadnw, and from that .'\aron .\. Cravens cut and hauled hav, receiving his pay run-down army horses, which he fed and cared for, then sold at a large profit. He and his brother, Benjamin, rented thirty acres of land, sowed wheat and got three hundred bushels as their share, took it to Xew .Albany and had it ground, realizing three dollars ijer bushel. Out of this ni(5ney Aaron .\. Cravens paid his expenses, and when funds were again e.xhausted at college came home and taught school at Hardinsburg. He was paid two dollars per day the first year, two dollars and fifty cents per day the second, and three dollars a day the third year, while other teachers were receiving only one dollar and twenty-fi\-e cents per day - this was hy reason of superior ability in teaching.

.'\fter going to college. Aaron A. ("ravens was graduated in 18(19. after which he went to Salem and studied law. and the following year formed a law partnership with Warder W. Stevens, He and his partner bought the Sale)}! Pciiiocrat. and published the paper together until their plant was destroved bv fire when the I.yons Block burned. In fighting to save their law library from burning, and being exposed to a drenching rain, he incurred an illness that disabled him for two or three years, and to such illness was attributed his selling his interests to Mr. Stevens. From 1878 he farmed in Madison township and is yet owner of a farm there, and owns altogether about sc\'en hundred acres. In 1907 he bought a mill that in course of con- -truction at Hardinsburg, finished its building and ran the mill until 191 5, then sold it.

In 1871 A. A. Cravens was elected as a Democrat to tlie oflice of county superintendent, serving four years. In i8q2 he was elected and served a term in the state Legislature, and in 1902 was again elected to the same office. In T871 he married Ella Swartz. who was bom in Hardinsburg. daughter of ]\I'chael and Rel)ecca (Crandall) Swartz. Her father came from near Galena, Flo}-d county, and was one of the first merchants in Hardinsburg. His wife. Rebecca ("randall, was Imrn near ( "randalltow n. in Harrison county.

Mr. and .Mrs. Cra\ens are members of the Methodist church. Mr. Craven.s is a Mason in the bkie lodge and the chapter. His son, Harry, is also a .Mason and a Shriner. George is a chapter Mason. Mr, Cravens and wife and their three daughters are members of Eastern Star.

\\ hen Aaron Hardin bought the distillery, as heretofore mentioned, he had it torn down and the brick were used to construct a dwelling and a store on the old Vincennes trail, across the road from where A. A. Cravens now li\es. That was about 1830, and marks the beginning of Hardinsburg. Later, when the Paoli pike road was built, he moved the store over to that road, and other stores and a carding machine were buih. He also built the first school, and was a leader in that enterprise as well as in promoting and hel))ing to finance church and school interests. The school house was built of poplar logs, which are still sound and form part of the house where Doctor P>entz has offices. .Aaron Hardin died in 1856. He owned the land where Hardinsliurg is located, platted the ground and sold the lots, thus starting: the town which bears his name.

Isaac O. Grimes

The following is a brief history of the life of Isaac O. Grimes, who lives (in one hundred and twenty-two acres of the finest land in this county, ihis being located near Martinsburg, Indiana. He is the son of Wilson and Sarah Catherine (Heistand) Grimes, and was born on January 28, 1870. The ]>aternal grandparents. Daniel and Sarah Grimes, were southerners, the f(jrmcr being born on \o\ ember 2, 1776. in Virginia, and the latter on September 3. [786, in Maryland. To this worthy couple were born nine children, as follow: Asias. iMirn on July 17. 1805: John, August 23, 1807: h.iac. -Xovember 14, i8o(^: ,\llic. IVbru.iry 28. 1812; .\rthur, November 23, 181 s; F.leanor, January i(). 1818; ( )th() 1), March 4, 1820: James. March iS. 182.^, and \Mlson. December 21. 182^..

(irimes, \vh<i was educated in the schools of this county, became an exi)ert in wagon-making, but finally was forced to give up his trade on account of ill health. He also engaged in general farming at Martinsburg, Indiana. His death occurred on June 13, 1909.

\\'ilson (Irimes was a man of great personal integrity and of true gentlemanly mtuitions. He was a sincere friend, a liberal citizen and was so closely identified with the best interests of this community that he is .still held in grateful memory as a man of genial qualities and sterling character. These qualities were made apparent especially when he was elected township a.ssessor, serving for one term, and for a similar period as township trustee. -Vlthough an active Democrat, he had no ambitions for public office. His wife, who was before her marriage Sarah C . Hiestand. was born on Decenil)er 22. iSj(), and their marriage occurred on I\Iay 17, 183^ She was a daughter of Kev. Isaac and Jemina (Richards) Hiestand. In 1903 they celebrated their golden wedding anniversary, and o\er one hundred relatives and friends gathered to oiTer congratulations. Mrs. (irimes was an actixe member of the United Hrethren church, with which she united at an early age. To this union were \ynrn the following children : William R., of Kl Paso. Texas: Thomas J., of Oklahoma City: Mrs. B. F. Elrod, of Bloomington, Indiana: Mrs. L. W. Martin, of Martinsburg: Mrs. Elizabeth Mav, of Crothersville, Indiana: Mrs. Phena F.lrod, of Martinsburg, Indiana: Mima, who has never married: Isaac C>., the subject of this sketch, and .\llie, a daughter who died in infaiic\'. ^Irs. (lirimes died on March 4. 1907.

Isaac O. Grimes was educated in the township scliools and early learned the occupation of farming, and has followed this vocation with such intelligence and skill that he is considered an e.\i>ert. He raises Jersey cattle and operates a dair-\- on his farm, which has the name of "Meadow Brook Farm." .Among the improvements placed since the death of his father is a splendid modem residence, which is one of the most attracti\e in the neighborhood. The farm is now operated by Isaac O. Grimes, who has ne\er married. His sister, Mina, who was educated in Martinsburg. makes her home with her brother, and is a valuable assistant in the management of the farm which has such dear family associations. Like his father, Mr. Grimes has belonged to no lodges. Both he and his sister are members of the I'nited Brethren church in Martinsburg.

Mr. Grimes is a man of marked ability, and has inherited many of his father's estimable traits i^f character. He is genial and true in his friendships, progressive in his ideas, liberal in his supix^rt of all movements and public enterprises that are conducive to the general good, and as a citizen has the unqualified respect of the community in which he was born and reared and has lived all of his life.

One of the original projectors of the Hardinsburg grist-mill, and since June, J915, the sole proprietor of the mill, is the man whose name heads this biographical sketch.

George W. Hoftman was born on May 6. 1862, in Hardinsburg, Washington county, the son of David W. and Ann Rebecca (Calvert) Hoffman, both natives of West \'ir*ginia, who came to Washington county before the Givil War and settled at Hoffman's mill, three miles southeast of Hardinsburg. Here David W. Hoffman began milling and s^ient the balance of his life engaged in such occupation at Shoals, Salem, Campljellsburg and Hardinsburg. He died at Hardinsburg in 1883, at the age of sixty-three years, and his wife died later, after having given birth to nine children, namely: Airs. Sallie C. Zinks, of Kansas; Mrs. Margaret E. Mather, of Campbellsburg; Joseph, who resides in Hardinsburg; George, the subject of this sketch; I'Jnbert, who li\es at Milltown ; Mollie, John and Eddie, who died early in life; and Rcnjainin. ',\h(), dying at the age n{ forty-five years, left a wife and two children.

George W. Hoffman .spent his boyhood in his father's mill and early in life learned the miller's trafle. Upon his return to Hardinsburg from a t\\d-\ears' residence in the states of Kansas and Nebraska, he took charge of his father's mill and continued its management and operation for six or se\en years. After operating a small mill of his own for some time, in November. 1007, he. in conjunction with H. H. PhiUips and George M. Reagan, built a new mill at Hardinsburg. After a few vears, however, A. .\. Cra\cns purchased Mr. Hoffman's partner's interests and three years later Mr. Hoffman xM his own interests to R. M. Trinkle. Mr. Cravens haxing subsequently bought Mr. Trinkle's interests, in June, 1915, he sold the mill to Mr. Hoffman, who is now operating it after engaging for four years in a general merchandise business in partnership with Schodnover & Reard. Mr. Hoffman has improved the mill by the addition of an elevator and other itn])ro\ements.

Hammond, a native of Fayettesville. Tost-y townsliip, and the daughter of Calvin and Nancy (Morris) Hammond, tlie former born in Orange county in 18.^0. the son of Lewis and Rachel (Davis) Hammond, and the latter also a native of Orange born in 1H33, the daughter of Thomas and Jeinima (Bobbit) Morris. Vn Mr. and Mrs Hoffman has been born one daughter, Mildred May. who has assisted her father in the management of the mill.

Mr. Hoffman is identified with Free and Accepted Masons, Knights of Pythias and Inde])endent Order of Odd b'ellows. He has ahvavs Ijeen a Democrat. He is a member of the council at the ])resent time and takes a good deal of interest in jiolitics.

John S. McPheeters, physician, agriculturist, prominent citizen and man of affairs at Hardinsburg, I'osey township, Washington county, Indiana, wa.s born in Posey township, January 26, 1837, the son of Alexander and Louisa Maria (Snyder) McPheeters, the fonner born near Paris, Bourbon county, Kentucky, l'\'liruar)- 13, 181 2, the latter in Otsego county, New York, May iS, 1814. .Mcxander McPheeters was the son of James and Polly (iMitchell) McPheeters, the former of wliom m(.ived to Kentucky from \'irginia and after his marriage to Polly Mitchell, a native of Kentucky, came to Indiana and settled in Madisun township, near Livonia, where he homesteaded a f;irm. and where he ;in(l his wife spent their last days.

.Alexander McPheeters recei\"ed his earl}- education m the schools of M.-ulison township, Washington county, .after which he began the study of medicine, reading in the office of Doctor Kelso, .i ]iioneer ])hysician, for some vears, after which .\lex;ui(!er McPheeters wen' to the town of b'rederickslnirg and there euigaged in the ])raclice of mecbcine. Later he became a student of the ('incinuati ( ollege (.if .Medicine .'iikI Surgery, and was given the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Doctor :\lrl 'hceters went to Livonia,

In 1836 Dr. .Vlexander A[ci ters was married to Louisa M. Sii_,Jer. the daughter of John and Rebecca Snyder. To this marriage were born six children: John S., Georgeann, Mary, James, Xatlian and Martha. Alexander McPheeters was a prominent Whig and later became one of the first of the Republican party, although he was not the occupant of ]>ublic office. Dr. Alexander McPheeters was a leading member of the Presbyterian church at Lix'onia for many years, having ser\ed his congregation as an elder.

John S. McPheeters lived at Frederick.sburg until he was twelve years of age. at which time he went with his parents to Li\'()nia, in Madisnn township, where he received the greater part of his early education, bor a time he attended Hanover College, and later became a student at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. In i860 John S. McPheeters was graduated as a Doctor of Medicine, and practiced his profession until April. 1862, when he was commissioned by Governor iMorton, of Indiana, to be an assistant surgeon in the Twenty-third Regiment, Indiana X^olunteer Infantry, with which Doctor McPheeters ser\ed as ;i ])art of the armv of General Sherman in his march to the sea. During the year i86| \ssistant- Surgeon McPheeters was jiromoted to the rank of surgeon of his regiment, serving in this capacity until the end of the war. b'ollowing his militarv service. Dr. John S. Mcl'heeters returned to Lisonia and engaged in the practice of his profession until iSSi, when he retired from active medical work and moved to Ilardinsburg, where he pnrcli.'ised town i)ro]iert\'. erectcfl a good home and has since lived there, at the same lime sn]H'rintending his farm of two hundred and sixtv-si-\ acres in l'ose\- to\\nsbip.

On July 4. t86o. Dr. John S, Mcl'heeters was ni.irried to .\biv\ J, Holmes, who was born in Lawrence county, Indiana, the d;iughter of William T. and Polly (Duncan) Holmes. To the m.-irriage of )ohn S. and Mary J. McPheeters was born one son. 'I'haddeus Holmes, an eni])l(>vee of the Pearson Piano Com])any. of lndiana])olis, who married \nn;i Mitchell, and to whom ha\e been born three children. Mar\' l''.leanor, Helen \nna and John ^^^illiam.

Mary J., the wife of John S. Mel'beeters. died ;il l.nonia ,n I'ebruarv, iSjq. and in Xo\ember, r.'-;8o. be was married, st'condh, to Mrs .\l;ii-\ b' (Mcintosh) Paney. the daughter of James and I'milv Xfclntosb To the niarriage of John S. and Mar^- I', McPlieeters was born on.' ebibl. |;imes -Alexander, proprietor of an automobile .garage at Orleans, who married Bertha P.lack, and to whom h;is been born one child. |obn Thad.lens (62)

Dr. John S. McPheeters is i3r<jnimem in the ])uHtical aifairs oi Posey townshi]) and Washing^ton county, at one time having- l^een a candidate for county auditor, as well as being a citizen .whose inthience in |)ul)lic matters is greatly valued. In po'itical affiliation. John S. Mcl'heeters is a Republican. John S. McPheeters is a member of the Free and Accepted Masons: is a member of the Independent Order of Odd b'ellnw s at Hardinsburg. and has occupied the various offices of both lodges, as well as ha\'ing represented both organizations at the grand lodge on se\eral occasions Doctor Mc- Pheeters is a prominent member (^f the 1 'resbvterian church at Livonia, he having been an elder of the church for man\- \-cars, as well as ha\ing ser\ ed as superintendent of the Methodist F.jiiscopal church Sunday school for thirty-five years. Mrs. McPheeters is a leading member of the Methodist Episcopal church at Hardinsburg.

William Jacks(jn Lappmg was born on .March Ji, 1^49, in Harrison county, Indiana, the son of John and b'.lizabeth (Hurst) Lapping. His father was born m Rockmgbam ccuntw .\'<irth (.'arcilina. m i<Sui). and was' the son of PZdward Lappmg and wife. \bout i.Sjh, when Jnhn was fifteen vears old, the family crossed the lilue Ridge mountains and tinally settled in Harrison county. Indiana, where the venerable lulward Lapping spent the remainder of his life, and Jdhii La])pmg alsu s]ieiit must .if his life ni that C(.)untv. He was m the mercantile business at llardmsburg fmm iS()S to along ill the eighties, altbdugh in earlier life be hatl been a cal>inet and coffin-maker m Morgan township, Harrison couiitw He had also li\-ed se\- eral years on Indian creek, near ( nrydnii. and was justice of the peace 111 those early days when Walter (}. ( iresham and other eminent men were justices, and the office was of much impurt.ince ,iiid hail charge i>\ must nf the county's liusiness. l{liza])eth Hurst was born at Hurst's mill, on Indian creek, near Corydon, and was the daughter of Abram Hurst and wife. Her father was a miller 111 the earlv davs. an<l lived to be miietv-six vears old, ;md died at Troy, Indiana.

William Jackson L.ipping was .ibont eighteen \ears of ;igr when the family came to Hardinsburg. where he has since resided. His father was in business when he was ,1 xnntli. and be in time became .1 p;irtiier. .uid

Washington Cointy. Indiana

Hardiiisljurg- almost continuously to the present. Aside from his store, he has a farm of one hundred and seventeen acres, of which seventy-five acres lie at the ea.st eds^e of Hardinsburg and his other land only a mile from the town. His land is excellent and produces fine crops.

[n 18S3 William J. Lapping was married to Susan M. Cravens, who was born on the ("ravens farm, in Madison township, the daughter of Gen. lames A. Cravens and Susan (Hardin) Cravens. Mr. and Mrs. Lapping have had six children born to them, of whom two, .'Kgnes and John, died in infancy; Raymond C. li\'es in Hardinsburg and is assistant cashier in the liank there : James Edward, who also lives in Hardinsburg, graduated at .Salem high school, and also attended the State Normal School at Terre Haute, and is now a professor of manual training; their last two children were twins. Helen Could and Hildred Hardin, and are attending public schools. Mr. La])ping and two of his sons, Raymond and Edward, are members of the Masonic order. Mrs. Lajiping is a member of the Meth- (Klist Episcopal church.

lienry H. Criswell, a blacksmith and hotel proprietor of f'Vedericksburg, was born northwest of that village on July (). 1856. the son of Marcus L. and Christina (Naugh) Criswell.

The father was born at Xash\ille, Tennessee, in 1837, the soil of Daniel Criswell, a native of N'ortb ( arolina. who removed from that state to Tennessee and thence to Washington county when Marcus L. was a mere lad. Having two government land warrants he homesteaded land in Howard township, but subsequentl}' sold out anrl removed to Spencer county, where he died at the remarkable nld age (if one hundred and two years. Marcus 1,. Criswell became a blacksmith and followed his trade most of his life in llnward townsbi]), with the exce])tion of service in ( onipanv E, Ninth Reginient. Indiana NOlunteer Inf.intr}', during the (ivil War, I'v his marriage til ( hristina .Vaugh. daughter o{ William Naugh, ;i |>ioneer blacksmith of Washnigtnn county, fotir children were born, nameh- ; Henry H., the subject of this sketch; David X., deceased; I,aura. the wife of Richard Rarnar<l. and !);iniel M.. of Livonia.

Reared to manhood in \\'ashinglon county. Henrv H. Criswell learned the bl.-ick'^mitb trade .and at the age nf twenty-one started a shop of his own ill Howard townshi]i. which shop he operated for a period of twenty vears in connection with his farm of one hundred and thirteen acres in the same county. After sehing his farm, in October, 1897. he came to Fredericksburg and buih a shop here, which he has continued ever since. Aside from his blacksmithing interests, Mr. IrisweU has aiscj successfuUy engaged in the hotel business, as weU as dealing in real estate in Frederick.sburg.

In October, 1885, Heurv H. C'riswell was united in marriage to Margaret E. Cauble, bom near b'ort Hill, Washington ci.untw ihe daughter of Adam G. and Susan (Walton) Cauble, the former of whom wa.s born in 1827, at Fort -Hill, the son of Peter and Margaret ( .\dam ) Cauble. .\fter operating a mill at Fort Flill for many years. Adam Cauble engaged in farming m the southwestern ])ortion of Washington county, along with other various minor trades. His wife. Susan Walton, was born near Livonia, Washington county. Xovember 2. 1824. the daughter of Joseph and Catherine (Keerns) Walton, and bore her husband three sons and three daughlers. To Mr. and Mrs. Criswell ha\e been born one son. Calvin Roscoe. born on October 2:;. 1886, an automobile expert with the Crane Comixuiy. of Indiana]X)lis. Bv his marriage to Xettie Loftin. in i()02. (.";d\in R. Criswell had one son, John, who now li\-es \vith bis grandparents. Subsequently. ( ah'in Roscoe Criswell was married tii Grace Kay. daughter of James and Martha (.Sun) Kay.

Henry H. Criswell is a memlier of the Free and Accei>ted Masons, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Daughters of Rebekah, and Knights of Pythias. A Democrat in politics, he is now serving his second term as justice of the peace.

Among the men of Jackson township, Washington county. Indiana, who are known for their success as scientific farmers and for the efficiency of their methods as modern dairymen, as well as being citizens who have taken an nnportant place in the jjublic life of their community is John Klrod, who was born in Jackson township, January 20, 1863, the son of Thomas Penton and Catherine (Powers) bdrod, both of whom were born in Washmgton county. Thomas Penton ILlrod is a dairyman and farmer and lives in bVanklin township, this county. He is a Deiuocrat, but has never cared to be an oflice holder. ( atlierine ( P.ow ers ) Flrod was a meml)er of the Methodist F.piscopal church. She died about i86<), leaving three

John lilrod received his education at the Dutch Creek school, in Jackson township, after which he became a farmer, a work which he followed for some time as a tenant, and then later, having prospered, Mr. Elrod bought a farm of one hundred and twenty acres, where he now lives, a place known as "Graybill Farm," which is now second to none as a modern and scientifically equipped farm for general agricultural and dairy purposes. John Elrod is the owner of sixty cows, mostly Jerseys, his milking is done by the Hinrnan patent milkers, while this complete dairy farm is also equipped with the most approved separators, the power for all of which is supplied by a t^as engine. Mr. Elrod ships his dairy products to southern markets. In addition to his dairy activity John Elrod deals in and feeds large numbers of high-grade cattle. He is known as a farmer of exceptional ability and as a judge of farm stock.

On January 20, 1885, John Elrod was married to Phoene Grimes, who was born in Jackson township, Washington county, the daughter of Wilson and Catherine (Hiestand) Grimes, a sketch of whose life will be found elsewhere in this volume. To the marriage of John and Phoene Elrod have been born two children, Roy and Gale.

Roy lilrod was born on Septeml.)er 10, i88<S, and received his early education in the common schools of Jackson township and at the schools of Salem. Washington county, after which he attended and graduated from the Indiana \'eterinary College, at Indianapolis, with the class of 1910. Dr. Roy l^lrod is now a licensed Doctor of Veterinary Surgery, practicing in Jackson township, and maintaining an office at the home of his father at Martin.sburg. Doctor b'.lrod has lately resigned from a federal in.spectorship for hog cholera in this conmmnity and at Danville, in Hendricks county, Indiana, and is now devoting his time to his private practice. Doctor Elrod is a member of the Indiana Veterinary Association and is a leader in the \\ashington ( 'ount\- \'fterinary .\ssociation. In fraternal circles Doctor I'^.lrod IS a niemher of the Indejiendent Oder of Odd Fellows and the lntpn)\c(l Order of Red Men, at Rekin. and he is a Mason, at Borden. Roy lilrod ni.irried Alary Hale, the daughter of Jacob Hale and wife.

John l-'Jrod takes an important place in the fraternal life of Washingtr)n county, being a member of the Indejiendent Order of Odd Fellows, at Martinsl)urL';, :uv] of the encampment at Salem. He is a member of the

Alodern Woodmen of America and the Improved Order of Ked Men. at I'ekin. Mr. lilrod is not a member of any church, and aUhough he is an ardent Democrat he has not aspired to oiifice. Mr. F.lrod has made all the nnprovements on his ])la"e, and in 1911 completed a Ijeautiful nine-room house, equipped with all modern conveniences.

John G. Martin

John G. Martin, one of the most prominent and popular citizens and a man of intiuence and nnportant aiTiliation, as well as a prosperous and successful business man engaged in the printing business and serving as editor of the Blue River Gazette, of PVedericksburg, Washington county, Indiana, was born near Fredericksburg, October i, 1881, the son of Krastus and Lucletia ( Durnil) Martin. Aaron Martin, the father of Erastus Martin, was born in Posey township, Washington county, on Decemlier 22. i8i6. the son of I'eter and Elizabeth (Goss) Martin, the former a nati\e of Kentucky, the latter of North Carolina, they lioth having settled in southern Indiana in the year rSig. Aaron Martin received a limited education in the schools of Posey township, and then became a farmer, at the time of his death being the owner of five hundred acres of \vell-im])r(>\e(l and highhcultivated land. Aaron Martin was a \eteran of the ('i\il W'.ir. ha\-ing served his country for se\-en months, when he was discharged,

1 )uring the month of Jaiuiar\ . 1850. .\aron Martin w.is married to Martha j. (t'oKin), and to this marriage were horn eight children \aron Martin was .a member of the ( hristian church and in ])olitics was affiliated with the Republican ])art\-. .\aron .Martin died 111 the vear looj. ;it the age of se\entv-two years.

John G. Martin received his earlv education in the luiblic s.hn,,ls ,,t hi. native township, .iftrr which lie worked on the home f;iriii iiiiiil he was twenty-one wars of age, when he enrolled mal Gollege. \fter ten weeks in attendrmc mal College, Mr. M.artm discniitiiuied his home, a short time later becoming .1 Cni route No. iS, from the town of Frederick until the month ^f \ugiist. oiu At tinprinting .and new spa| er iil;int <i| the B'lii' weckh ijaptT, whicli has six hundred and seventy-five subscribers. In addition to his (kitics as a pulilisher. John G. Martin is engaged in the business of job printing.

During the year igio John G. Martin was married to Laura A. Stucker, wlio was born in Harrison count}'. Indiana, the daughter of James Albert and Miner\a f'".. (Stevens) .^tucker, and to this marriage has been born one child. Albert.

John G. Martin has Ijeen prominently afiiliated with the political life of Washington county for some years, although he has not been an aspirant to public ofhce. Mr. Martin accepted the nomination of the Progressive part}' for state re])resentative of Washington and Clark counties, and served his party as committeeman in the years 1912 and 1914. Before aligning himself with the Progressivt- party, John G. Martin was vice-chairman of the i\e])ul)lican organization in Washington county. John G. Martin is one of the honored and respected men of Washington county, Indiana, for his unselfish and devoted interest in the public welfare of the community.

In fraternal affiliation. John G. Martin is conspicuously connected, being a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Fredericksburg, an organization which Mr. Martin has served in all the local offices, as well as having occu]:)ied the office as district grand master of Washington county. John G. Martin is an appreciated member of the Daughters of Rebekah, of Fredericksburg, and he is a well-known member of the Knights of Pythias, an order which he has served as keeper of records and seal. Mr. Martin is not a member of any church: his wife is a member of Hancock chapel, Methodist Episcopal church, in Harrison county.

Gkorge D. Peugh

A representati\'e farmer, one who has made a thorough success of general farming, stock raisiitg and fruit growing, and a. man who takes a leading place among the citizenship of Monroe township, is George D. Peugh, who was born near his present place of residence, on a farm in Monroe townshi]), April <). 1846, the son of Spencer B. and Jane f Logan) Peugh, native-^ of Loudoun county, X'irginia, and of \\'as'^ington county, Indiana, respect iveh'.

Silencer li. I'eugh was born on January 2S.. 1814, the son of David and Lydia ( Rotts ) IVugh. both of whom were born in \'irginia, of Irish descent.

Wheii a small boy. Spencer B. Peugh niost-d with his parents to the state of Kentucky, where the parents died and Spencer, an urphan, came to Washington coimty, Indiana, in i8j6, and made his home with an uncle for the next four years. Spence^- B. Peugh, when sixteen years of age, became an apprentice to a local blacksmith, John Arken, of Salem, Washington county, and after three years went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he followed his trade for two years and then moved to the state of Kentucky, there engaging in the duties of his occupation for about one year.

In 1836 Spencer B. Peugh returned to Washington county and opened a blacksmith shop at Kossuth, in Monroe township, where he remained until [842, and then moved to a farm of three hundred acres, which he purchased in the same township, a place which Mr. Peugh culti\'ated as a general farmer, at the same time following his trade in a blacksmith shop which he erected on the farm. As a farmer, S]>encer B. Peugh was notalily successful, in i860 having accumulated about one thousand acres of land in Monroe township, and having entered into bitsiness as the operator of a sawmill and grist-mill, as well as being the owner of the first steam thresher that had been seen in the community.

On October 18, 1838, Spencer B. Peugh was married to Jane Logan, who was born in Washington county, November 15, 1822, the daughter of Col. I'^zekial D. and Mancy (Caress) Logan, the former born in Madison county, Kentucky, February 25, 1796. the latter in Shelby cnunty, Kentucky. March 11, 1805. Ezekial Logan, at an early date, m<ived td Miinroe township, Washington coimty, Indiana, and' honiesteaded a farm which he cultivated and where he conducted an inn for the transient stockmen, who at that time drove their cattle to the markets at I.ouis\ilk'. Kentucky. Spencer Pi. Peugh was an ardent Democrat. Iteing acti\e in the affairs of his party, and for six years served his county as a commissioner. The elder I^eugh was a devout member of the Presbyterian church.

George D. Peugh recei^-ed his education in the common schools of Monroe township, .nfter \\hich he became a farmer .nid wmki'd on the home place until 1871, when he moved to the old Log.m honicsie;id in Monroe township, where Mr. Peugh now as the cu1ti\at(jr of three htmdred and forty-four acres of wi-ll-itnpro'.ed and highl\-])r(uhicti\ e land. In. addition to this farm, George D. Peugh is the owner of one hundred and hftA--six acres of land located on the river bottoms. As ;i f.armer, Mr. Peugh is one of the nio.st successful of the community, he not on]\- producing large crops of grain, but he deals extensi\ely in live stock, and he is tlie producer of considerable quantities of choice fruit.

In the year 187 J George 1). Peiigh was married to Martha Robertson, a native of Washington county, the daughter of James and Mary Ann ( I'ollock) Robertson, the former born in Virginia, the latter in Washington conntv, Indiana. To the marriage of George 1). and Martha Peugh have l)een born the following children; Winnie, who is deceased; Spencer, a farmer of Pecos, Texas, who married May Sands, and to whom has been born one child, Spencer H. : Cora May, the wife of H. W. Tipps, of Salem, Washington county, and tf) whom have been born two children, Violet and Henry W. ; Mary Jane, who married Earl Richardson, of Indianapolis, they being the jiarents of one child, George Earl; James Clarence, a landowner, and Carl R.. who are residents of Demming, New Mexico, the latter having married Ruth Boling, a native of Washington township, Washington county, Indiana, be being a real-estate dealer in his community; Wilbur H., who attended Indiana law school for three years, was a student of law in the oiifice of Wilber Hottles, at Salem, was admitted to the bar in 1915, and is now candidate for prosecuting attorney.

In politics, George D. Peugh is a Democrat and has .served as county assessor for one term and as townshi].) trustee for one term. Mr. Peugh and his w-ife are prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal church, taking an active part in the work and worship of this denomination. For many years George 1). Peugh has been a member of Lodge No. 21, Free and .\cce])ted Masons, at Salem, Washington county, Indiana.

Joseph Jackson, prosperous farmer and well-known citizen of Monroe township, Washington countx^ Indiana, was b':)rn in Gibson township, March J(), 1849, the son of Joseph and Margaret (Davis) Jackson, natives of North Carolina. I-'ollowmg their marriage in North Carolina, Joseph, Sr., and Margaret Jackson moved to Jennings county, Indiana, where Joseph Jackson farnied ff)r some time and then came to Washington county and Jjought forty acres of land in Gibson township and eighty acres in Monroe township, which the elder Jackson culti\ated as a general farmer for the remainder ui his days. Jo.seph Jackson, Sr., died in 1875; his widow survived until 1Q03. Jose])h and Margaret Jackson were the parents of the following children: Paylon (deceased), James, Mary, William, Susan (deceased), Jose])h, Martha, Margaret, Nancy and Cortney (deceased). Mr.

Jack.son, Sr., wab a nitnilier of the Campljellite church; his wife was affiliated witli the Methcuhst church. In pohtics, the elder Jackson was an ardent Democrat.

Joseph Jackson, the rubject of this sketch, recep. etl his education in the public schools of his nati\e township, after which he became a farmer on eighty acres of land which he secured from his father. Jo-eph Jackson engaged in general farming until the outbreak of the Civil War. when he enlisted in Company E. b'ifty-thinl F^egiment. Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served with this command, a*; a part of the armv of (jeneral Sherman, until the latter part of the war. when he was taken prisoner and confined in .\ndersonville prison for about four months.

After his parol;.- from military ])rison, two days before (."hristmas of 1864, Mr. Jackson returned to Washington county, Indiana, working as a farm helper of his community for two years and then he rented a farm of two hundred acres in Monroe townshi]). on the Muscatatuck ri\er bottoms, which he cultivated for about fifteen years. In ujoo Joseph Jackson came to his present farm in Monroe township, a place of three hundred and forty acres, which he cultixates as a general farmer and as a fruit grower. Mr. Jackson is also tiie owner of three hundred and si.\t\-five acres of excellent land in the Muscatatuck ri\er 1)otti.>ms. and is the owner of property- at the town of \'allonia, in Jackson county. Joseph Jackson. ha\-ing retired from the more acti\e duties of agricultural life in \nof\ now rents the greater ])art (if his land.

During the year i8Sfi Joseph Jackson was married to Ivlizabeth Pollock, to which marriage 110 children were liorn. l-'lizabeth Jackson died in the \ear i8()0, and several years later Jose])li Jackson was married to .Mrs. Sarah M. }Iale\. who was born 111 Washington county, the daughter df .\ndre\v and .Ma.rv Ann ( I'ollock) ( ollock. I'., the m.arnage ,.f J,.seph and Sarah Jacksnn ha\ e been born seven children' ( larence and bldreiitme. twins, Ijorn on luh 30. i<»oo; Kutli. |aiuiar\ j6. ii)n_': Talmadge. |anuar\' 18,

Bert H. Stanley

One of the liest-knovvn farmers of this locahty is the gentleman whose name heads this biographical article. He is not only the son of a farmer promment locally, bnt the grandson of two sturdy pioneers who helped to lay the foundation of this prosperous community. Bert Stanley, who was l)nrn on April 6, 1H72, is the son of Thomas J. and Mary (Cauble) Stanley.

.\braham and Absalah Stanley, the paternal grandparents, migrated to Washington county when it was only thinly settled, and there entered land from the government and established their home, where Thomas J. Stanley was bom and became a life-long resident. His birth occurred in the year 1844. After his education in the local schools, Thomas J. Stanley learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for many years in Salem and vicinity. The present store of Berkey Brothers, situated on the square in Salem, as well as tnany other buildings there, were constructed by him. He was a brave and loyal soldier during the entire ("ivil War, and was honorably discharged with his company at Indianajjolis. -\t the time of his death, March 4, i8qi. he was a prominent member of the Salem Grand Army of the Republic. His wife, Mary (Cauble) Stanley, to whom he was married in 1868, was the daughter of Adam and Polly (Hubbard) Cauble, and was born in this county, where she died in 1878. The history of this family will be found elsewhere in this publication.

i'homas J. Stanley was a stanch Republican and an earnest worker in the Methodist Episco])al church, ;is was also his estimable wife. Mr. Stanley, who was a highly respected man of strong and lo\'able personalitv, died while his children were still young. His children are : Bert H., the second bom; Nora, who lives at Plainfield, Indiana; John H., of Grand Junction, Colorado, who has been a school teacher during most of his life, being a graduate of the Dan\ille Normal College, but who is now in the fruit business, and Claude C., of Indianapolis, a conductor on the Pennsvlvania railroad.

Bert H. Stanley was reared on his father's twelve-acre farm, and besides working there was employed on other farms in the neighborhood. He received a good conimrni-schiinl education, and on March 12, 1900, was married to Edna Reyman, a native of Washington township, Washington county, and daughter of Joseiih Emmett Reyman and his wife, who was a Miss Jones. A sketch of the life of Jo.seph Reyman is included in this publication. Mr. Stanley began his in(lei)endent career as a farmer on the eightv acres which he purchased in this township, to which he later added forty acres. Besides general farming, he buys and sells li\e stock, trades m stock, feeds hogs in summer and cattle in winter, and is an expert judge of stock, Mr. Stanley has been successful, as is indicated by the attractive new home in which he and his family reside. Mr. and Mrs. ."Stanley are the parents of three children, namely: Blanch, ])orn in ."^eptember, 1901; Ray, born in September, 190.3, and \'ance, born in March, 1909.

Mr. Stanley is a member of Salem Lodge Xo. i)6. Knights of Pythias, and also of the Red Men organization, and is an enthusiastic Republican. He is president of the county fair board. In religious matters, Mr. Stanley has identified himself with the Highland ^lethodist Episcopal church, of Washington townshiii. while his wife 1>elongs to the same denomination in Salem. Mr. Stanley is a good business man. considerate, fair mmded and generous. Both his ideas and his methods of farming are progressive, and to this he attributes his success.

-Vlthough Sherman ' ". Rickarcl has spent mucli of his life <.in the farm, he is perhaps best known as an educator. He has filled many prominent places and has held important positions in work for which he was splendidly equipped by a college, education, as well as by native ability. Mr. Rickard, born on February 18. 1864. was fortunate in his parentage, for his father and mother, .Simeon B. and Sarah (F.lrod) Rickard, encouraged their son in his early ambition to became a teacher.

.Simeon Rickard, who was born on July 8, 1825, near Xew Pekin, Indiana, was the son of George and Catherine (Motsinger) Rickard, the former, born in North Carolina in i8oj, having left that state at the tender age of six when his parents died, was brought up by a Mr. Young, who came to Washington county in 1808. His father, ('asi>er, was of German descent. George Rickard and hi-^ \\ife, with stout hearts and faith in the future, braved the toil and hardshijis of |)ioneer life which the_\' began on land which they obt^ained from the go\ frnment. and remained farmers all of their lives. The children 1)orn in their household were Simeon. W'ilev, Levina, Tena, I'jlith, Mahalia, Lewis, George, Xoah, Sarah and John, the first six nameil being deceased. Lewis li\-es near letti-rson\-ille, Indiana: George at Xew I.ilierty. Indiana: Xoah and Sarah arc deceased: Tohn was president of the Xational P.ank at Scottsburg. .\ farmer until his nineteenth year, Simeon Rickard then learned the l)lacksniith trade, which he fohowed the remainder of his life, living until August 15, 1890. He and his wife became the parents of seven children: Isaac, the first born, is deceased; Emily is the wife of C. B. Wyatt, whose history will be found elsewhere in this publication; Sarah J., John and Alliert are deceased; Dempsey lives in Polk township; Sherman is the subject of the present sketch. After his marriage, Simeon Rickard purchased three hundred and twenty acres one mile north of "Old Zoar," and later sold this and bought where Sherman now lives He was a good farmer and held the confidence of the community, at one time being township trustee. He and his wife were members of the Missionary Baptist church at New Liberty, and both are buried in the Wilson cemetery.

Sarah Elrod was the daughter of Stephen and Elizabeth (Wyman) Elrod, the former being identified with the early history of Washington county. He was a native of North Carolina, where he was born in 1793, and settled in this county in 18 16, a year previous to his marriage. Stephen Elrod bought a large tract of land adjoining the half section in Polk township I>elonging to his wife. Frederick Wyman, father of Mrs. Elrod, was a native of Hesse, Germany, and was brought to America as a soldier in the British army. Pie showed his daring by escaping from the Britishers and fied to Tennessee, then came to this state, where he accumulated much land in Jackson township. To Stephen Elrod and wife were born thirteen children, of whom twelve grew to maturity.

Sherman C. Rickard, from early youth, had worthy ideals and ambitions. While he learned farm work, he was a student. Educated in the township schools, he began teaching in 1883, and taught for six years in Polk township before attending and graduating from Borden Institute in 1896. Five years later he graduated from Indiana University. He began his career as a professional teacher, however, in 1901, when for one year he was principal of the school in Troy, Perry county, and the following year went to the Franklin township high school at New Philadelphia. P'or three years he was superintendent of the Crothersville school's. The subsequent five years he was principal of the New Pekin high schdol. Scottsburg then called him to be assistant principal, and after one year he returned to the high school in Pekin, where he was superintendent and principal three years. He is now attending Indiana State Normal School, at Terre Haute.

Sherman C. Rickard's marriage to Alice Jane Terrell was solemnized on August 24, 1884. Mrs. Rickard is a native of Polk township, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. lacob Terrell. Delbert, who is deceased, was the first

Although his principal interest has t)een in educational work, there are to Mr. Rickard no secrets regarding the cultivation of the soil. Besides the hundred and twenty acres constituting the home farm, on which he was born, and still lives, Mr. Rickard owns forty acres one mile north of this, and one hundred and sixty acres nearby. Mr. Rickard has a well-equipped and wellmanaged farm, not the least important part of which is the fine modem home in most attractive -surroundings. The home farm is called "Deer Park Farm," where Mr. Rickard has many pets, among which are two deer and two elk.

Mr. Rickard has been ton much engrossed in his life work to aspire to political honors, but has been a life-long Democrat. He and his wife are memljers of the Bethel Chapel Methodist F'".piscopal church, of whose Sunday school he is superintendent. He is a man to whom education means the development of the highest possibilities of the indi\idual, and with this ideal has not only become a cultured gentleman himself, but an eminent teacher. His personality has won for him general popularity among his pupils, a-s well as among his older associates, for he is characterized bv unassuming worth. Mr. Rickard is a man of sterling worth, strong character, gentle manners and estimable in all the relations of life.

Simon S. Ray

Simon S. Ray, a leading business man and prominent citizen of Fredericksburg, Posey township, Washington county, Indiana, was born at English, Indiana, August .28, 1862, the son of James H. and Zipporah (Monk) Ray, the former born at Cumberland Gap, Kentucky, in 1824, the latter near Knglish, Crawford county, Indiana, in 1825.

James H. Ray was the .son of Joel and Malinda J. (lirown) Ray, natives of Cum1)erland Gap. Kentucky. Joel Ray being a successful and wellto-do fanner, and a man who was prominent as a Democrat, at one tune having scr\ed his county as a representative in the state Legislature. Joel and Malinda Ray were the parents of eight children, all of whom are deceased. The elder Ray and his wife were not only prominent people in the social life of their community, but they were leading members of the iVimitive Raptist church, being de\ nnt members of the eluirch in Cr.iwtord countv, Indiana, where thev died.

James H. Ray came to Indiana, when quite young, with his parents and settled in Crawford county, near English, where he later homesteaded a farm and where he engaged in general farming and in the conduct of a general store, for some years. After his education in the schools of Crawford county, James H. Ray was married to Zipporah Monk, the daughter of Simon .S. and Sally A. (Sands) Monk.

Simon Monk was a native of Pennsylvania, after his marriage having come to Indiana, where he settled in Crawford county and homesteaded a farm near English, where he lived for the remainder of his days. Simon Monk was a successful farmer, he was a Mason, and was a prominent citizen of his community, ha\'ing served as justice of the peace and as one of the three school examiners for Crawford county at that time. Simon Monk and his wife were leading members of the Christian church. In politics Mr. Monk was an ardent Democrat. Simon and Sally Monk were the parents of seven children.

Simon S. kay receivetl his early education in the common schools of Crawford count}-, Indiana, and at the old Marengo Academy; he also attended classes in the schools of luiglish and of Leavenworth, Crawford county. Later, Simon S. Ray taught school for some years and then he became a farmer, cultivating his farm for a short time, after which he moved to the t(jwn of English, bought property there and engaged in the merchandising of groceries and drugs, for about three years. .\t a later time, Simon S. Ray disposed of his property and store at English and moved to Fredericksburg, Washington county, in 18Q9, and is now engaged in the drug business, together with the conducting of a five-and-ten-cent store and the tjierchandishing of dry goods and sundries, Mr. Ray being one of the most successful and ])rosperous of the merchants of Fredericksburg.

On .August Q, 1 891, Simon S. Ray was married to Mrs. Alice D. (Dewese) Williamson, who was born in 1864. the daughter of Absalom and Mary .\nn (Armor) Dewese. To the marriage of Simon and Alice Ray, no children have been born, Init Mrs. Ray is the mother of two children by her former marriage, namely: Margaret, who lives at home, and Archie, wlio i< in the United States na\v, and was on the battleship "Louisiana" during the recent troulile at Vera Cruz, Mexico.

Absalom Dewese was l)orn in Kentucky, March i_>, 1818, and his wife, -Mary Ann (Armor) Dewese. was born near Roonville, Warrick countv, Indiana, May 13, 1831. When Alisalom was quite young his parents died and Absalom was adojited by the Indians of his commimity, who cared for him until he reached maturity, when he came to Indiana and settled in War- rick cuunt}-, where he hecamc a fanner for some years. .Misalmn hewese l.)OUght property at l'>ii(m\ille, where he and his wife h\e(l for the remainder of their days. .Misahun I )ewese was twice married, tirst to .Xhiry .\nn (.\rmor) Sharp, and secencUN-, to Sinia Lock, of Xew .\ll)any. Indiana.

Simon S. Ray is a member of the Improved Drder of Red Alen. at Fredericksburg, and at one time took an active part in the work of the Inde- ])endent Order of Odd h'ellows. He is a member of the Methoihst Iqjiscopai churcli, and is now active in the affairs nf the I )emncratic party, ahhoiiigh he does nut aspire to pnVihc dthce. Simon S. Ray is one of the res])ected and esteemed men of i'>edericksl)urg. his unsehisliness and pul)hcsi>irited nature !ia\-ing won f(.)r him a host of friends.

W'ilham H. Trotter, merchant and postmaster of h'redericksburg. Wash- j ington county, and a pioneer telephone promoter in tins locahty, was born | on October 15. i.S5() two miles south of Hardinsburg, in Posey townshi]), j the son of b)hn R. and Caroline ( Vandever ) Trotter. |

John R. Trotter, a son of John Trotter. Sr., was liorn at Stanton. j \Vest \'irgima. Upon attaining his majority, howe\er. lie left his native .state and came to Washington county, Indiana, locating south of ITedericksburg, where for the remainder of bis life he devoted himself to farming. His wife. Caroline ( Wandever )' Trotter, a ilaugbtcr of Joel and bJizabeth \ ande\er, was l)orn in (Grange connt\", Indiana

William H. Trotter is uuv of three chiklren born to Ins ])arents. The other two children are Charles 1'., a well-known merchant of ( and Jennie, the wife of James Jackson, iircsidenl of the b.ank .and a merchant at :\Iilltown project l)et\veen Fredericksburg and Milltown. He soon had extended lines o\'er the county to various towns, including Milltown, DePauw, Palmyra, Hardinsburg, Livonia and Salem, and connected his system with that of New Albany, as well as installing excellent long-distance facilities. At the present time he is sole owner of the enterprise and has the exchange located in his store building at Fredericksbtirg. In addition to his other business interests, Mr. Trotter was appointed postmaster of Fredericksburg on July 2-1. 1914.

\\'illiam 11. Trotter was first married when twenty-one years of age to I'.Ua Jenner, a daughter of Luther and Mary Jenner, to which union three daughters, Grace, Ethel and Jean, were born. Grace, who is the wife of W^illiam Moore, lives at Milltown and has two sons, James and Manson. F.thel, who is the wife of Charles E. Mitton, lives in Mason, Ohio, and has one sun, Henry. Jean, the wife of Harry Lemon, resides in Milltown and has one son, Nicholas.

( )n May i6, 1803, his first wife having died. William H. Trotter was united in marriage to Florence ^M. Hostetter, who was born and reared in Milltown and who is the daughter of Capt. Edmund and Clementine (Powers) Hostetter. Captain Hostetter was a native of Ohio and was captain of Com])any 1^, Thirty-eighth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, during the Ci\il \Var. .After the war he operated a flour-mill at Milltown for man\- \ears and later liecanie a member of the Indiana Legislature. He died in October, 1913. To Air. and Mrs. William H. Trotter have been liorn two children, Alice and Olive.

Mr. and Mrs. Trotter are devoted members of the Presbyterian church. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and of the Modern AVoodmen of America.

Christian Task

Among the successful farmers and well-known citizens of Polk townshii), Washington count}', Indiana, is Christian Tash, who was born on the farm where he now lives, on Octoljer 22, 1861, the son of Christian and Matilda (Walker) Tash, natives of Washington county, Indiana, the former 1)orn on Alay 5, 1824, the latter on November 28, 1823. Christian Tash, Sr., was the son of John and Sarah (Stanley) Tash, natives of Rowan county, North Carolina, where the former was bom on November 3, 1781. the latter on October 4, 1788. Tohn Tash came to Ayashington county, Indiana, in (63) i8if), and homesteading one hundred and sixty acres of land in Polk township, where he lived for the remainder oi his days, as a general fanner, (lying in the year 183-': his wife died in 1875. John and Sarah Tash were the parents of ten childrc, of whom Christian, father of the subject of this sketch, was the eighth.

Christian Tash, Sr., lived (.m the Tash homestead until after his marriage, when he mo\ ed to a farm of two hundred and fi\-e acres in Polk township, where he was successfully engaged in general agricultural pursuits until his death <jn March 11. 1892. Christian Tash, Sr., was married on April 14. 1847, to Matilda Walker, a daughter of Raleigh and Mary K. Walker. To the marriage of Christian and Matilda Tash were horn ten children, of whom Christian, the suliject of this sketch, is the sixth. ?^frs. ^^latilda Tash (lied (jn December 7. njo2.

Christian Tash was educated in the common schools of Polk township, Washington county, after which he engaged in general farming, on the home farm where he has since lived.

On September 9, 1886. Christian Tash was married to Mary Blackman, who was born on May 5, 1859, in Jackson township, the daughter of Samuel and Jencey ( Brown) Blackman, the former born at Roxburg, Norfolk county, \'irginia. May 26, 1814, and who died in \\"ashington county, Indiana, August 28, 1887; the latter born in Clark county. Indiana. Xo\'ember 6. 1830. and who died on June 10. 1880. in Washington count)-. To the marriage <d" Cliristian and Mary Tash have been born the following children; I'^flie, who gradu.ated from the Pekin high school, and who is now a successful sch(.)oI teacher, ha\-ing taught four terms in Washington countv schools; l"~stell, who married bdlis ]\Iotsinger. whose sketcli apjiears on another page of tl)i> \(ilume, and Willie l''.\erett who lives ni home.

atecJ in 1901. He taught in the schools of his township for four years, after whicli he entered the Purdue School of Pharmacy, and was graduated from that institution in 1903. After clerking in a drug store for some time at \'ew Albany, in the fall of 1903 he removed to Louisville and was a drug clerk for the next four years, until IQ07, when he bought a drug store situated at the corner of Twenty-eighth and Dumesnil streets. Having the advantage of an excellent location, Mr. Winslow has enjoyed a large and lucrative trade and has recently installed in his drug store a sub-station of the Louis\'ille postofhce.

On July 24, 1907, Brady A'irgil Winslow was united in marriage to Marie Browder, a native of P'rankfort, Kentucky, and the daughter of Samuel and Mildred (Johnston) Browder, both of whom are deceased. .After the death of her father, who had been principal of the Frankfort schools for twjnty-five years, Mrs. Winslow and her mother removed to Louisville, where she met her future husband. She died at Topeka, Kansas, December 23, 191 5.

Air. ^Vinslow is identified with Parkland Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; Eastern Star; Louisville Shrine No. i,- White Shrine of Jerusalem. He is active in drug circles and is a member of the Louisville Association of Retail Druiggists and the National Association of Retail Druggists. Mr. Winslow is a member of the Quaker church and his wife a devoted member of the Parkland Christian church.