Fairmount Township (part 10 of 10)

It was a fine afternoon for walking. Overhead the deep blue of the sky, the fluffy, feathery, white clouds and the bright sunshine seemed to say, "Summer," but the crisp air, the thin ice on the pools of water, the browns and grays of the landscape and the bare branches of the trees all whispered, "It is winter still."

We traveled "The Friendly Road" last Sunday - not "The Friendly Road" of which David Grayson writes in such an entertaining manner, but the dear, old Fairmount-Jonesboro pike.

Besides being friendly the road is enchanting - it is not exact and straight with the world, but it curves and angles and meanders at will, following the old trail made through the forest by the early pioneers. To straighten that old road would be nothing short of desecration.

And, then, think of the memories that cluster around this old thoroughfare, built at such cost of labor by our grandfathers and great-grandfathers !

It has always l)een a favorite driveway for lads and lassies in their courtship days. Buggies were used in llie old days. l)ut now it's automobiles.

Some of us have traveled this road to our own weddings or to witness the marriage of our friends. More often have we formed a part of sad processions that wended their way to the two burying grounds that border it on the west.

The weather man tried to make the road unfriendly to us last Sunday, l>ut without success, for we enjoyed the walk in spite of tlie blizzard which raged and roared all about us.

We were dressed for cold weather and as we started early in tlie morning and boarded an Interurban car near the TJn A\'ilson home, we escaped the worst of the storm.

From -the lime we left our own door until we arrived at the crossing near the Wilson home we saw only two people, a boy in a lot in the north end qf town, where two queer-looking crosses suggested Calvary's liill near Jerusalem.

For once 'i'he News hikers had the whole road to themselves and seemingly the whole w^orld for a time, for cverA-one seemed to be shut in their own homes.

One fellow on the street car said "The old gr(Mui(l hog surely saw his shadder this time." *A\ ell. if he didn't he was blind," was the answer made by a dirt^-faccd Irishman, wlio was hugging the stove, trying to keep warm.

We were greatly interested in Mr. Baldwin's stories of the "Underground Railway." for his grandfather, Charles Baldwin, and his father, Lindsey Baldwin, were friends of the slaves.

Once upon a time two runaway slaves were hidden in the attic of Lindsey Baldwin's home when three men, disguised as peddlers, arrived from three different directions.

When the slaves were told of the visit one of them exclaimed, "Yes, sah. one of dem was my massa, too." for he, listening beneath the rafters, had recognized the voice of his master. M. B.

But Jupiter, floating along by the side of the queen, refused to be outshone. He seemed to be defiantly saying, "You 'dassent' make me look dim and insignificant. I'm Jupiter, I am."

And the wind ! It kept up a continual music in our ears as we swung- along northward. The wind loves to play on the telephone wires - a singing, musical song, near each pole where wide arms stretch forth seemingly to catch the sounds.

But dearer to the wind even than the telephone wires are the pines and the cedars. How it sings through the waving branches, sometimes mournful and sad and sometimes with a sound like falling water !

On our moonlight walk to Jonesboro, Tuesday evening, the wind in the telephone wires made ringing, singing music for us all the way. At the old homesteads the cedars, grouped on the lawns, sang us songs suggestive of the far distant seashore and of glittering, gleaming waterfalls in far-away canyons and glens.

Tt is impossible for The News hikers to walk along the Fairmount-Jonesboro pike without recalling the past. The road, once only a trail through the mighty forest, connecting the pioneer settlements, has ever been closely identified with the making of Grant County.

Along it. in the early days, the pioneer's horse waded knee-deep in mud as the Southern Grant County resident wended his way to the gristmill at Jonesboro, or journeyed to Marion to pay his taxes.

Then, as times improved, the road was graveled and tollgates were established. Trying to evade a few cents of toll by going the mud roads or by rushing past the tollgates were common occurrences in those days.

It was along tliis road that the children of the pioneers were taken in big wagons to Harrisburg, now Gas City, to get their first glimpse of a railroad engine and train. How ferocious and fierce the old engine looked as it puffed and screeched its way up to the Pan Handle station ! That was long before Fairmount had a railroad.

As we passed the old Joel Wright place, now the LaRuc farm, where Ed Stout lives, old Quarterly meeting days came back and the yard s'^emed full of visiting Friends gathered at the hospitable home for dinner. We could almost see diminutive Aunt Adeline Wright bustling around in the kitchen preparing the feast for the hungry visitors.

Once, when a "general" meeting was held at old Back Creek, the neighboring homes were simply packed with guests. The writer remembers that one night thirty visiting Friends were entertained

"We shall never see their like again; those sturdy, honest, economical, God-fearing pioneers are of the past!" said the Better Half as we left old Back Creek graveyard behind, its stones gleaming white in the moonlight.

"Are vou folks hunting up names of soldiers to enlist?" was asked of us Sunday afternoon as we were snooping around away over on the Muncie pike.

We had to acknowledge our non-belligerent mission. People just cannot understand why any one can enjoy the mere act of walkino- along the countrv roads or across fields.

We covered so much territory and had such varied experiences Sunday that it is a difficult matter to know just what to write and what to leave unwritten.

In a little corner of Fairmount Township which juts out toward the river beyond the Muncie pike, a pioneer burying ground lies on the edge of a deep ravine. This is old Bethel graveyard - not more than a mile from the Fankboner burial place - one of the oldest in the Township.

Unlike the latter graveyard it is readily accessible and is easily seen from the road. It is also less neglected, being enclosed with a fence, and interments are still occasionally made there.

W^e had heard, an hour or two previously, from the lips of Mr. Sudduth's great-granddaughter. Mrs. F. M. Haynes. a bit of his life's story and so we know that the words, "Old Revolutioner," meant that he had served in the Revolutionary War.

"He would sit by the fire," she said, "and when grandmother would ask him how he felt he would say, 'I'm all right, only I'm just waiting.' One morning he sat down to his breakfast as usual. He had his knife in one hand and his fork in the other. Suddenly the knife and fork dropped to the floor, his head fell forward and the 'Old Revolutioner's' time of waiting was over.

Mr. and Mrs. Haynes told us many things as we sat in their low-ceiled, walnut-finished sitting room while the cpiiet Sabbath afternoon hours slipped swiftly away.

And Mr. Haynes played some tunes on his fiddle - he doesn't call it a violin. He plays by note and he likes to use an old-time hymn book in which the notes are the old-fashioned kind.

Many people know where the old Daniel Coleman homestead stands, back a short distance from the Muncie pike. This is where Mrs. Haynes was born and, with the exception of about two years, it has always been her home. It is there that she will jirobabl}' end her days.

Over in Bethel graveyard, which was originally a part of the farm of her father, Daniel Coleman, who deeded the ground to the community for a burial place, lies her great-grandfather, Isaac Sudduth, both her grandfathers, Thomas Coleman and Gabriel Johnson, and many others of her kindred.

In a far corner of the graveyard, where an evergreen tree droops over the headstones and where the weeds are kept cut and every thing is in order, lie many members of one of the oldest of the Townshij) families - the Dulings.

At the corner, where the little, short road leads off from the Muncie pike toward the old cemetery, C. A. Buffington and his family reside. By-the-way, the farm once belonged to Nathan Beals, a former Fairmount man, and he and his wife li\ed there for many years.

In a barnlot on the Bullingtcn farm stands just alx)Ul the most interesting relic in the Township. That is nothing more nor less than a part of tlie old McCormick la\ern, celebrated in local history as the first hostelry in Southern (Irant C(»unl\. There is no doubt about its identity, for a number of the older residents of the Township remember when the building was moved from tlio Mc- Cormick farm, now owned ])\ F.ugene \A'ils(in, to its present site. The old logs of which it is constructed certainly show that the}- have

Before we reached the Bethel graveyard, we cHml)cd some fences, crossed a stream, clambered np a bluff, skirted a plowed field and finally landed in the old Fankboner burying- ground - our second visit to this historic place.

In The Quaker Costumes Of Their Grandmothers

top of the Robert McCormick monument has been broken off and is now lying- on the ground. Otherwise there had been no changes and the place was as quiet as ever, only the singing of the birds and the noise of automobiles, passing on roads beyond the trees, breaking the stillness. Below the bluff the little stream wends its way through the ravine and the wind-flowers nod in the afternoon breeze just as they have done for centuries.

ll was a "glorious day for a walk and w^e enjoyed every minute of it, from the time we left the Pennsyhania station at Fowkrton initil we readied home Ion"- after darkness had fallen.

It was "some" walk, too, as you will realize when we tell you that it included the distance from- Fowlerton to the Robert Reeder home, back to Fowlerton again, north to East Bethel church, east to the Lake school house, north to the two old graveyards mentioned above and the Haynes residence, then back home, past East Bethel, then along the angling road that finally merges into the Heavilin highw^ay that extends from Eighth Street eastward.

On the angling road - a new one for us - we passed the Johnnie Flanagan and the Hiram Gardner homes, where the peace of a Sabbath twilight hovered. Mr. Gardner has a new^ automobile and the family, no doubt, had not returned from a ride, for a dozen calves in the barnyard told us, by their actions, that they thought it was just about supper time for them.

Two or three clean, handsome buggies in front of tjie Flanagan residence looked as though they might tell a story to us, too, if they only dared. But we didn't ask any questions.

Once, earl\- in the afternoon, we stood on a slightly elevated place where we could see the depressions - the sites of the bogs of the early days.

Half closing our eyes we could almost see the split-board sunbonnets of the pioneer w'omen as they gathered cranberries in the marshes. Over in the vicinity of Lake Galatia we used to gather bushels and bushels of the best hazel nuts, too. Gone are the cranberry marshes and the hazel nut bushes and the bogs, never to return.

Going still farlluT back in time, as we gazed over the little valley on the old Gift farm, through \vhich r>arrcn Creek flows, we could almost see immense animals - the mammoth, the mastodon and the giant beaver - floundering around in the mud and finall>' sinking to their death in the mire. Their bones, in some cases, remained throughout the centuries.

One of the unusual features of the hike Sunday was the fact that an invitation to join us was actually accepted for once. Mrs. John Belong, whose home we passed on the road north of the T^ake school house, joined us in our visit to the old Fankboner graveyard.

By-the-way, a boy over near the school house knew where the "'Boner" graveyard was but he couldn't tell the location of the Fankboner burying ground.

One named Ursula Clark, aged fifteen, and the other, Polly Clark, aged twenty, came to the new country with their parents, J. H. and S. B. Clark. They took cold on the trip through the forests, hasty consumption set in and one died in June, 1838, and the other in September of the same year.

All along the way, Sunda}', whenever we passed a bit of wo(^dland, wild flowers gladdened our eyes and the odor of blossoming orchards clustered about the farm houses, caused us to inhale deeply.

With hands full of red-bud blossoms, bluebells, crow's-foot, lamb's-tongue, wood-anemone, violets and spring-beauties, we thought how glorious it is to be alive in the spring-time !

A jaunt across the woods after some glorious branches of redbud in bloom brought us close to the house but we caught no glimpse of its solitary occupant.

^^'ilIl the licadstones of the pioneers of the community ^^uarding liis front door and with the trees of the forest primeval shadowing the house in the rear the hermit lives all alone with his thoughts.

We left the car on the roadside and, traversing a ploughed field, we reached tlie lake - the former "Pool of Siloam," so called by the Spiritualists.

All about us, though, as we looked at the shore line at our feet, were deep holes in the boggy ground where a false step might prove disastrous. The soil was shaky and we knew that we were standing on a thin covering of decayed vegetation.

Time was when it was really dangerous to fool around in the vicinity of Lake Galatia, so treacherous were the boggy shores. More than one fellow has been pulled out of the muck as he gradually sank to his doom. And there are stories gatore of horses and cattle sinking in the boggy ground.

However, after one or two people had been drowned there and their bodies had been recovered the old superstitious idea that the lake was bottomless was finally dispelled.

Once the lake covered much more ground than it does now and at one time a project for making a summer resort of the place was undertaken by some Marion men.

Like the building of a great Spiritualistic city on its shore, undertaken in tlie early history of the Township, it, too, fell through with and the hope of future greatness for Lake Galatia vanished.

In spite of the work done by drainage, in spite of the well-developed farms and good homes in the vicinity, a spirit of loneliness broods over Lake Galatia. It is something almost tangible and it grips the visitor with imaginary talons and sometimes makes you want to run from the place. M. B.

ton by easy stages, returning- in the afternoon by the same road, an unusual thing for us to do. It was a ten-mile walk altogether - a fairly long walk for muscles grown rather soft from lack of systematic hiking these days.

Away over by the Solomon Duling homestead two freckled faced boys were fishing under the bridge which spans the Duling branch just before it empties into Barren Creek. They were catching pretty good sized fish, too.

The young fishermen, the playful lambs, the wild flowers and the birds all said that spring has come, in spite of the fact that farmers are behind with their work and many fields remain unbroken.

In Mrs. Lowry Glass' poultry yard we learned that to be absolutely up-to-date in chicken-raising you must feed the little chicks as scientifically and with as much system as a modern mother cares for her baby.

The baby chicks must have certain kinds of food - balanced rations, if you please - administered to them at stated intervals and in stated amounts. Moreover, the temperature of their brooders must be kept just so-so.

Mrs. Glass' father, Thomas Duling, seeing the new-fangled drinking fountain empty, started to fill it from the pump at the splendid drilled well on the place.

And, truly, Mrs. Glass has as fine a lot of baby chicks as any one need care to see - little Plymouth Rocks and Rhode Island Reds - as contented and happy and healthy, the three hundred of them, as though they had a score of scratching, fluffed-up, real, live mothers.

The hens on the farm are quite orderly, for they lay their eggs in the nests made for them and not all over creation as hens used to do when we had to hunt eggs in the old days.

Mrs. Glass is partial to the incubator way of hatching eggs and the brooder v/ay of raising chickens, for the results are so much more satisfactory, she says.

We had such a fine time at the Duling home. Mr. and Mrs. Glass and Mr. Duling all have the same home, and a lovely home it is, too, with a wonderful, beautiful, grassy lawn and well kept grounds.

There is one other daughter, Mrs. Milton Rich, in the family, and she and her husband, who live in the neighborhood, were also Sunday afternoon callers.

On the way to Fowlerton, in the morning, Ave passed the J. O. Duling farm and saw the brick and stone which mark the place where the old Duling home once stood.

When the house burned last winter one of the loveliest old landmarks in the entire Township was destroyed, for the interior finish of the building, woodwork, presses, closets and the fine old stairway were of solid walnut, almost worth its weight in gold these days.

Why, there Avas enough coal - good, big chunks - scattered along I hat railroad Avithin the space of a fcAV miles to keep a family Avarm an entire year.

On the trip over we stopped for a short time at the Thomas WinsloAv home and on the return trip Ave had a little A'isit Avith Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Heavilin and the latter's mother, Mrs. Newt Wells, whose girlhood home, the old Managan farm, nOAv OAvned by Charles Child, adjoins the Heavilin i)lace. John Heavilin and his son, Wayne, have leveled and graded the roadside along their farm and have soAved it in clover and grass, making it like a laAvn. They Avill keep it moAved and incidentally get the hay for their pains - a fine plan for others to folloAv.

Wayne Heavilin has come to it. After holding" out for three or four years against an automobile because he likes a driving horse so well he has at last succumbed and a green automobile takes the family for an airing now and then.

Violets and spring beauties blooming, meadow larks singing and robins trying to sing, a tinge of green appearing on the forest trees, a southwest wind blowing and perfect roads - these and other glorious accessories made the walk a pleasant one.

We faced a sunset sky. Swinging above the purple and rose and pink of the horizon there shone the narrowest, silver crescent you ever saw. It looked like a curved eye-lash.

One ambition of our lives has been realized. We've been entertained in a real-for-sure log-house - not the fancy kind like we've lodged in at the Glacier National Park and the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, but one built more than sixty years ago for a real family home.

We went to Fowlerton on the 9 o'clock train Sunda}- morning. A certain old, red sweater - the finest thing to walk in }'ou ever saw - and an old, blue overcoat are surely getting to be quite familiar to the people of Fowlerton by this time.

After a short visit with S. D. Key at his store we wandered into the Methodist Protestant Sunday School and remained for the church service.

There we saAv many familiar faces and were greeted by members of such well-known families as the following: Partridge, Nottingham, Duling, Glass, Compton, Simons, Corn, Smith, Scotten, Brown and others. All gave us such a cordial welcome that it was indeed a pleasure to meet with such whole-hearted and wholesome people.

There was an attendance of 134 at the Sunday School and about the same number heard Rev. A. E. Scotten deliver a good sermon at the morning service.

The key-note of the discourse was the thought that "mountaintop experiences" should prepare the Christian for service to mankind in the valley below.

\Xq especially liked Mr. King's work as an accompanist. While he works hard during the week on the farm he has time to keep uj) his music and is always at his place at the piano when the hour comes for Sunday morning service.

Preaching services are held every other Sunday morning, alternating with Pleasant Grove Church in the country southwest. However, evening services are conducted every Sunday at Fowlerton, with the pastor in charge.

Having received a cordial dinner ilivitation from Mr. and Mrs. Chap Duling we departed from our usual custom and accepted. A short walk took us to the home - one of the most interesting we have yet visited. And the dinner - well, the ambrosia and the nectar of the gods could not have been more delicious and, doubtless, were far less satisfying. Real country ham, chicken and everything - but we desist from further description.

Aside from the old house, made of huge logs, the lawn is the most attractive feature of the place, although the grounds all about are well-kept.

Mr. Duling has had an immense pile of old rails and scattered timber sawed for fuel, so that the high price of coal has less terror for him than for many other people. We noticed other large piles of wood at other homes along the way, many of them the result of the big sleet storm of March 13.

From the Chap Duling home we hiked to the William Duling residence, about three-quarters of a mile east on the same road. There we had a good visit with Mr. and Mrs. Duling and their children, Mrs. Charles Hobbs, of Upland; Mrs. Wright, of Washington, D. C, and Mr. and Mrs. Glenn Duling.

We found that we were not the only hikers out Sunday for Mrs. Hobbs had walked from her residence in Upland in the morning to the home of her parents - a distance of six miles.

The Dulings had not seen the last of us, however, for on the way homeward, we stopped at both the Soloman Duling and Thomas Duling residences.

Everybody who is conversant with the neighborhood knows where Solomon Duling lives. It is a lovely place - set quite a distance back from the road, with a beautiful, rolling, grassy meadow in front and a bubbling brook singing at the foot of a wooded hill. The house is finished on the inside with walnut and there are oldfashioned presses and round, home-made rugs to give the proper tone to the interior.

Mr. a'nd Mrs. Duling have had with them, for several weeks, a little victim of the New Castle tornado, the son of an adopted daughter, whose home was partially demolished by the wind.

Just about the time man decides that he is the supreme lord of creation along comes Nature and the Power back of Nature and they give Mr. Man a slap in the face and tell him to "go 'way back and sit down."

This thought was uppermost in our minds as we walked along the road Sunday evening, our eyes opening wider and wider as fresh evidences of the devastation wrought by the sleet storm of the thirteenth kept presenting themselves.

And the thought of the New Castle and the New Albany tornadoes strengthened our belief in the theory of man's helplessness in the face of the fury of the elements.

Scores of telephone poles lying prostrate on the ground or snapped off by the weight of the sleet, and great trees, broken and maimed by the storm, silently told us of Nature's power when she "gets her back up."

The woods along the way reminded us of pictures we had seen of the famous forests of France after the Germans had raided portions of that country early in the present war.

We tried our best to find the trail through the trees where a beautiful road used to wind in and out on the Seth Winslow farm, and because all traces seemed to be entirely obliterated our hearts grew heavy.

In the wagon, on the spring seat, sat a father and mother, while behind, their little legs cramped by sitting on the floor, a group of children peered over the sides, their faces all aglow with wonder at the bigness of the world.

Another scene visualized itself Sunday evening, and that was a long string of vehicles, many of them big farm wagons, making a procession more than a mile in length.

The swish of the south wind in the bare branches of the trees, the distant barking of a dog, the croaking of a frog heightened the lonesomeness that crept over us at the thought of change - neverceasing change.

Then wc glanced above where myriads of stars greeted our vision and there gleamed Orion and the Pleiades just like they used to sliine in the old da}"s. The stars seem ne\'er to change. And there, also, was the briglit crescent of the new moon, shining as of yore.

A\'e journeyed Sunday afternoon only so far as the John Peacock residence, for the wind blew bitterly cold from the northwest and all the earth was tightly grasped in Father Winter's frosty

With two immense up-to-date barns and with a large house, filled with all the modern conveniences, truly here are found "all the comforts of home."

As Mrs Elizabeth Peacock told us of her early life in the wilderness, for she came to Grant County from England when she was a little girl, we could not refrain from contrasting the conditions of those early pioneer days and of her life at the present time.

One phase of pioneer life was significantly brought out in the conversation, Sunday, and that was the homesickness, to say nothins- of the loneliness, with which the women of those days had to contend.

Looking out upon a little patch of ground, where the "sticktig-hts" ai'ew waist high, with the forest all around the clearing, Mrs. Samuel Radley, mother of Mrs. Peacock, must have oftfn longed for the well-kept gardens and the green lanes of old England. When she looked about the little log hut in which she lived, her thoughts must often have wandered to the beautiful, stately brick house near London, which .was her home before she came to America.

Mrs. Peacock has a photograph of this lovely old house. When Mrs. Radley left England she brought with her some prettv white bed spreads to beautify her new home in America.

It was truly discouraging - this trying to beautify a home in the wilderness - for every time it rained the water soaked through the mud daubing between the logs of the cabin and stained the bed spreads.

To add to the homesickness, it took a long time for a letter to come from England, often as long as three months. Moreover, it cost twenty-five cents to buy postage for each letter in those days.

This phase of pioneer Hfe was again referred to by Mrs. Jane Hobbs, a little later in the afternoon, when we stopped at her cottage on North Main Street after our pleasant call at the Peacock home.

"1 just can't make you understand how it was," said jMrs. Hobbs. "Why, just to think, between here and Carter Hasting's, south of town, except for a very short time in the middle of the summer, the ground was covered with mud and water in which the wagons sank to their hubs."

As the houses were few and far between companionship between neighbors and friends was limited. That is why the pioneers used to hitch the horses to the wagon and "piling the children in," would go to a neighbor's house and stay all day. Hence, also, came the custom of Sunday visiting on a large scale.

When Mrs. Hobbs, as .a little girl, moved with her mother from Morgan County, their relatives in that county tried to dissuade them from leaving a civilized county for a place so "backwoodsy" as Grant County.

Tn Eneland. where Mr. Bull resided (from liis name vou'd naturally guess where he lived), stories of vast wealth to be obtained in the new world were prevalent. Influenced by these Mr. Bull came to Indiana and bought up vast tracts of land, some of it in Grant County.

If he were alive today - we saw his tombstone in the old Back Creek graveyard the other Sunday - he could tell us whether he ever felt disappointed or not.

lohn Bull brought his family with him across the seas. In that family was a young lady, who, when she left England, left a lover behind. The lover followed her to Grant County, and that is why John Scale. Sr., who died a few years ago in Whittier, Cal.. ever came to Indiana. M. B.

Forty years ago or a little more, possibly forty-two years ago, a bevy of Southern Grant County girls joined a parade which went to a political rally in Marion. It was a Presidential election and a rally in those days was a wonderful event. Parades were formed of which big floats and gaily decorated wagons were principal features.

At this particular time the girls dressed themselves in the gayest of colors, possibly the colors of the American flag. They crowded into a big float and gaily started off in the parade for the county seat.

. All went well until the ravine just on the southern edge of Jonesboro was reached when the horses, becoming frightened, gave a lunge which sent the huge wagon with its load of girls, their laughter turned to cries of fright, down the side of the steep grade to the bottom of the ravine. Many of the girls were injured and some of them never fully recovered from the effects of the accident.

The memory of this incident was renewed in our minds on last Sunday's walk, which was made from Fairmount to Jonesboro late in the afternoon.

The ravine, wooded on one side of the road, with Back Creek at the bottom of the grade, is a beauty spot, but we never pass that way without thinking of the tragedy of those early days.

Most of the girls started on the trip under protest from their mothers and this tragedy was often used as a warning- to all of us who were younger not to disobey our parents for fear some dreadful thing would happen to us.

Half the distance last Sunday was made after dark, but this did not lessen the pleasure of the trip. Reflections on the clouds from the lights in Marion and Jonesboro looked like an aurora borealis. The reflections and the snow made a half light out of which trees and buildings emerged almost ghost-like. The lights of a through freight and several Interurban cars, passing on our right, glided past like long, glowing serpents.

As we passed old Back Creek graveyard and looked over toward the headstones the Better Half said : "What would those earliest pioneers think if they could come suddenly to life and see the trains and Interurban cars, the automobiles, electric lights and all the other wonders of modern life?"

When you stop to listen you will notice that night sounds differ from day sounds. From a tree near the Ancil Winslow farm a screech owl answered its mate away over in the Aaron Newby

On the south edge of Jonesboro, just after you pass the ravine of tragedy, you come to one of the landmarks on the Fairmount- Jonesboro pike. This is the Joe Hill homestead, set far back in a grove of evergreen trees. East and a little to the south of this fine, old place there was once a cemetery, every vestige of which seems to have disappeared.

As we reached Main Street in Jonesboro church l^ells were calling people to the evening services. Otherwise a Sabbath quiet brooded over the little town. M. B.

"You go out on this road, but there's no way of getting there except by livery," answered the man at Lafontaintf when we stepped off the Interurban car at 7 o'clock Sunday morning and incpiired the wa}- to Jalapa.

W'e did not take tlie trouble to tell tlie man that we had in mind a twenty-five mile walk for tliat daw l:>ut ni(^ved on in the direction he indicated.

As we proceeded cmi our way we followed the crooked road, winding in and out, up and down, through the picturesque country. A\'e enjoyed the scenery and the happy warbling of the birds as we journeyed along. Tlie land was carpeted with the green of a luxuriant growth and everywhere there was a promise, this early May morning, of a bountiful harvest for both man and beast.

Here and there, as we trudged along, we caught a glimpse of far-away hills. The distances were blue and dim and misty. The unimproved road which we followed, a part of the way to the Indian burying-grouiid. was narrow and winding" and enchanting, with wild strawl:»erries, wind-flowers, white violets and sweet williams l^looming along the fences.

A bright-faced boy of fourteen, riding in a storm buggy, for it had the appearance of rain, stoi:)ped long enough on liis way to Lafontaine, to give us directions and to init us on the right track.

After leaving Lafontaine we had been tra\ eling south and west, l)ut in order to reach the old Iildian burying-ground we turned toward the east. A few minutes' walk brought us to a gently sloping hill at the top of which stands a weather-beaten frame church and

As we sat resting on the stone steps of the old Indian church we half closed our eyes and imagined we could see the Indians stalking" through the ravines and gliding in and out among the trees. How they must have loved this beautiful country with its hills and little valleys and the river flowing gently between the tree-lined bluffs !

And where are they now? A few of the last of the Miamis lie in the burying-ground in the rear of the little church, their souls far away in the "happy hunting-grounds." A cocoon on the twig of a bush, emblematic of a future life and the inscriptions on the tombstones within the rough enclosure, brought to our minds sweet thoughts of immortality.

A tall monolith marks the spot where Meshingomesia, the last chief of the Miamis, lies buried. The inscription on the stone, neatly chiseled in plain letters, reads:

He united with the Baptist Church and was baptized the second Sunday in June, 1861, and lived a consistent Christian until he was taken from the church militant to the church triumphant in heaven."

The acorn-like ornament which adorned the top of the monument, as is the case with several others nearby, has fallen to the ground. The vandal fingers of souvenir hunters have also left their depredating marks on the stone which stands at the head of the final resting place of this kindly old man.

By the side of the old chief lies buried his wife, Ta-ke-e-quah, who died September 15, 1879, aged about ninety-four years. Other names noted on the headstones of this quaint spot were C. Peconga, Ka-ge-to-no-quah, Coon Bundy, Chapendoceah, Shapadosia, Shap and Dosia. We wondered if the last two were not contractions of Chapendoceah. Then there were Aw-taw-waw-taw and Ta-wa-ta.

We were told that only two families of Indians now reside in the country which was once their reservation and they are not fullblooded, by any means.

Mrs. Lugar has the reputation in her neighborhood of being an extra fine cook. Several little grandchildren in the Lugar family show the Indian strain in their jet-black eyes, straight hair and swarthy complexions.

Not far from the Indian burying-ground is the old Mississinewa batttlefield. A little ravine leads from the field down into the river. We were told by Earl Renbarger, who received the information from his grandfather, that down this ravine the Indians were pursued into the river after the battle, which took place in the winter of 1812.

The battlefield is located on the farm owned by William R. Brock, whose residence stands near the river, in an ideally beautiful spot, across from Conner's mill. A fine grove is situated near the mill on the opposite bank of the river and the grassy slope beneath the trees makes a fine camping place.

Just over the hill lies Jalapa which we reached in time to attend morning services at the Methodist Episcopal Church. We thought that surely for once we would be in a place where no one knew us. but we had scarcely gotten outside the door after services before Frank Ferguson came uj) and spoke to us. Mr. Ferguson and his family have just returned from a four-years' residence in Dinuba, Cal., glad to be back on Indiana soil once more. They live on a farm near Jalapa.

We visited Bausel Nichols, aged eighty-two, who has lived in Jalapa for more than forty years. He. knew Meshingomesia well and spoke highly of the old chief's character. He said that Meshingomesia was a kind old man and that he was heavy-set. The old Indian remembered the Mississinewa battle and told Mr. Nichols that his mother and himself hid under a l)rush heap during the fighting.

Mr. Nichols was a blacksmith for many years and he used to shoe the ponies of the Indians who lived on the reservation. He said that some of the Indians drank heavily, which made them very mean and hard to get along with.

After the nice little visit with Mr. Nichols we proceeded homeward. "It was a long, long way," and we went southeast, south and tlicn east, then south and east again, making turn after turn

We passed "Hardscrabble Ranch" and came within sight of Marion, which lay to the east. As we proceeded, to our right we could see the Studebaker elevator and the church at Roseburg, with the fine old Samuel Burrier homestead nearby. The Sidney Harvey farm is near Roseburg and we passed the beautiful home of their son, Ross Harvey, near the road.

We made a little stop at the home of Henry Shockey. Mr. and Mrs. Shockey were very kind, but they, like many other people, could not see any fun in walking.

Further back we had passed the Mount Olive Church and school house and, after passing the Roseburg neighborhood, we came to the West Branch Church and school house Number 10. In this neighborhood we saw the beautiful homes of Con Shugart, Nelia Ratliff, Harvey Ratliff, Bert Malott and others.

After we passed the E. Harris farm we turned east again and crossed the Liberty pike and turned south once more, passing the Bethel or District No. i school house. To the west we recognized Bethel Church.

Near the bridge which spans Deer Creek on this road stands the ruins of an old-time residence. In the twilight it looked gaunt and gloomy and a fit place for ghosts.

On the way we passed the C. H. Jay, the A. Ferree, the E. Goodykoontz. the F. E. Haisley, the Samuel Hipes, the Louisa Haisley and the Ves Benbow farms and reached Oak Ridge school house just about dark. Samuel Hipes owns the farm which once belonged to the late Elwood Haisley.

We had met Mrs. Mary Gibson, her son and his family in an automobile on the road before we reached Bethel school house. To her question of how far we had walked we answered, "We are almost afraid to tell you for fear you'll not believe us."

Not far from Oak Ridge Glenn Collett passed in a buggy. His kind invitation to ride into town w^as declined. It must be admitted, however, that the invitation was a great temptation and the declining thereof was the result of a grim determination to make the walk the record-breaking one of the series.

Amusing incidents always occur on a trip like that of Sunday. While we were traversing the road which runs cat-a-cornered from Jalapa to Marion, at one of the Renbarger homes, a woman told us that she thought we'd better hire someone to take us into Fairmount and that we would change our minds about walking the entire distance long before w^e reached our destination.

Once when we stopped to rest, the Better Half stretched himself on a jiile of rails with his feet elevated towards the road. A horse driven by a young lady in a buggy, became so frightened at the sight that it ran away, the incident almost ending in a tragedy.

Just before Oak Ridge was reached we sat down on a bridge to rest. Some young fellow, paraphrasing Longfellow's "The Bridge" yelled out, "We sat on the bridge at midnight." He evidently thought we were a couple of sweethearts, making love in the tAvilight.

After leaving Oak Ridge the remaining four miles back home were traveled in the darkness. The first glimpse of Fairmount's street lights was a truly welcome sight. M. B.

P-r-o-s-p-e-r-i-t-y is written all over Fairmount and Liberty Townships. You can see it in the rich soil, in the big gray and white and red barns, in the spacious homes, in the well-improved roads, in the rushing automobiles, in the sleek, fat, blooded stock and in the happy faces of the hospitable people who inhabit this garden-spot of Indiana.

The objective point of the hike on Sunday, March 14, was the country home of B. F. Dickey, five miles west and one mile south of Fairmount, with Little Ridge Church as an interesting and ])r()fitable stopping-place on the way.

Leaving The News office and going west on Washington Street the first thing to attract our attention was Andy Horine, in a big apron, assisting in the morning housework at liis home, fc^r which we gave him due praise.

L. E. Nolder's chickens, alfalfa patch, fat pig and pretty home were next noted and then we glanced northward to the former homes of Jesse and Nathan Wilson. Of the pioneer homes, standing almost in one straight line, north and south, redeemed from the wilderness by Iredell Rush, Jesse Wilson, Nathan Wilson and

Continuing- the journey we passed the E. J. Scale bungalow, off to the north, the Perry Seale home to the west and the Joshua Hollingsworth residence, the latter notable for its fine view of Fairmount.

Near the Perry Seale residence there once stood a little school house in the woods where M. B., her sister, Alary Wilson and Hannah Wilson, learned their first reading lesson under the tutoring of Myra Dillon Charles. The three whose names are mentioned long ago ceased to learn lessons in earthly lore and for them no longer do the leaves rustle nor the birds sing as they did on those spring mornings in the forest where the school house stood.

A little stop was made at the Daniel Thomas farm now owned by W. A. Beasley. Not far from the home once stood one of the school houses of the early pioneer period where our forefathers learned their A, B, C's. About the old brick residence on tlie farm linger many memories of stories full of the element of human interest.

The sun shone brightly and the robins, song sparrows and meadow larks filled the air with their music as we continued westward past the William G. Moon place, the James Bell, the Milton T. Cox and the John Cox farms. In the grove on the latter farm several buckets were catching the precious sugar water for maple syrup. John, Milton and Vollie Cox, three brothers, live in the same neighborhood in a sort of clan fellowship which we noted several times during the day in other communities among other relationships.

^^'here the road juts a little to the south there stands a log house and there is also one on the Mort Buller farm, the histories of which we did not learn.

Mort Buller not only has a splendid home on his farm but he has prepared an unusually good cottage and barn for his tenant. Mr. Buller's farm, "Oakwood," formerly owned by "J^^ie" Rich, is a good one, and he has added improvement after improvement to the house and barn until there isn't much lacking now.

Turning south after leaving the Buller farm we passed the "Doc" Buller home and the tile mill. The little cluster of houses around the mill reminded us of settlements in the mining districts of Pennsylvania.

scIkhi] hiiuse. with the Jcilin (Jambriel farm to the soiitli. I'.efore reachiiii;- Little Ividi^c C Imrch we passed the beautiful homes of Joseph \\'hitel\- and Ancil E. RatHff. With all the modern conveniences in the way (tf heat, li^ht, baths, sleeping porches, telephones and hard wood floors, city residences have little that these homes do not possess.

Little Ridge Church stands in a pretty grove with a little gra\e- \ ard nearby. .As at Deer Creek and Uack Creek we found gra\es of relatives, this time a great-grandfather \vho was l)nried in this quiet s])ot in 1859 - a man who bra\ed the hardshii)s of ])ionecr life in the forests and swamps of Liberty Township. Wright and Har\ey are the names most frequently repeated on the stones ot tliis little graveyard and a tangle of myrtle covers the mounds under the old cedar trees.

Mart Trader met the pedestrians near the cemeter}' gate at the close of Sunday school and his cordial welcome was seconded by a number c^f others as we entered the door of the church. The Little Kidge ])eople form one big family; they ha\e nexer had a neighborhood feud and they are thoroughh' democratic. These features were all in evidence at the Sunda}' services when many of the members of the congregation had a voice in the proceedings. \o more hospitable a people can be found anywhere and the cheery greetings, urgent dinner invitations and the spirit of friendliness shown us sent a glow to our hearts.

After the services, continuing our course westward, we ])assed the homes of Clayton Wright. Arthur L)rewer and Denny Winslow, while off to the left we saw the farms of Will Harvey. Iliram Harvey and Mrs. Etta Doherty. The latter lives on the farm once owned by her great-grandfather, Azel Rush, through the edge of wdiich ran the eastern boundary line of the old Miami Indian reservation.

Walter Corwin lives on the (]aunt farm. The Cauni family was once a factor in the neig'hborhood and, later, in the county, but the meinbers have now all moved awa\'.

The .same is true of the Wells family, for wlKun the Wells school house, situated just south of the (iaunt farm, was named. ( )id\ I.,lin CaldwelTs family represents tlie Wells' in the community at the ])resent time.

"This is surely where P.en Dickey lives," we said, as we reached a farm where the golden corn was fairly bursting its bins, where the Dnroc shoats were so fat and sleek they glistened in the sun- shine and where the backs of the high-grade cattle were as straight as boards. And such it proved to be. Set far back from the road, in a beautiful grove, the house has an ideal location. Here we met with a warm welcome. Surrounded by his family, Mr. Dickey was quietly celebrating his seventy-fourth birthday anniversary on the farm which has been his home for forty-four years. Besides the home place he has two or three other farms.

Continuing westward for a quarter of a mile we came to the road leading north toward Hackleman. Off to the south we could see the Chris Behymer home as we made the turn.

We then reached one of the most picturesque homes in Grant county - the John Dickey farm, now the property of \\\\\ Lindsey. Set back from the road, in a grove of wonderful trees, adjoining a bit of the forest primeval, the place reminded us of pictures we had seen of old English estates. The large brick house is approached by a graveled driveway, and around the orchard to the south is set a little row of cedar trees, the whole making as beautiful a picture as anyone would care to see.

As we approached Hackleman we could see the modern residences on the Sam Leer and the \\^illiam Miller farms, the one on the latter occupied by O. E. Curless and family. The store at Hackleman is owned by Ol Banister, a brother of George Banister, of this cit}'.

Alfred Kemmer's new home, built in bungalow style, with evervthing strictly up-to-date and of the best, is located a short distance east of Hackleman. It was near this point that an automobile passed us and a voice, wdiich we recognized as that of Nick Brookshire, called out, "It's a long, long way from Tipperary." Several kind invitations to ride were extended during the trip but all were declined.

lust before reaching Center school house and church, which are admirably located, we arrived at the comfortable home of J. X. Gibson and family. A half-hour was pleasantly spent here in conversation and in listening to music furnished by Misses Alma and Pauline Gibson.

A stretch of tarvia begins at Center and continues east to the Ranee Line road. Tarvia roads are fine for automobiles, but when it comes to hiking give us the good, old country roads every time. AVe passed the homes of George Yale and Ralph Rybolt, the latter having recently moved to the Noble farm. The brick house, which is the home of Robert Moon and familv, is nicelv located and Jack

McCombs has a fine home a Httle farther down the road. The homes of Ehner Comer, Charles CoUins, who hves on the Seale farm, and the farm of Allie Rich were also passed. George Jones owns a good farm, known to the older residents as the Elvvood Arnett place. His mother, Mrs. Mariah Jones, lives on the farm farther to the east which she has owned for many years.

Aha jolnison is the owner of more than two hundred acres of the finest kind of Liberty Township land. The home, of Mrs. Susannah Scott is in this neighborhood. W'c came to a little \\']iyl)rew settlement when we passed the Mort Whybrew and the Mrs. Will Whybrew farms.

Where the Hackleman road intersects the Range Line road there once stood a school house. In this school house one of the hikers learned early lessons iu lu's boyhood. The roof of this old building, scarred and crumpled by the passing of the }-ears, is still in existence and is used as a covering for a shed.

In this cursory write-u]) of a day's journey many adjectives are used, but it is almost impossible to describe anything iu I'airmount and Liberty Tow-nships without the use of superlatives. AL B.

The country east of h^airmoimt in the early days was knt)wn as "the i)rairie country east of town." To our childish imagination it was a land of enchantment, for there were cranberry marshes, hazel thickets, the lake and the river, all of them objective points for many merry picnic jiarties. I'arren Creek - "I'arn" Creek, we used to say - meandered ihrougli the i)rairie, too. Oiu- last "hike" took us through this enchanted land, ])ut how changed it is from the old days! Never a cranberry is foimd now, and the marshes where they grew were drained long ago. In the old days a person could stand on the edge of the boggy marsh, jump up and down and shake the ground for yards around.

'I'he tangle of hazel bushes where we once found delicious lia/el nuts can be seen no more, and as for the prairie it looks much like the rest oi the country now; but in the i^ioneer days the wonderful big trees did not cover the ground there as they did in west of tcnvn and Liberty Township. The lake, too, has been drained and is only about half its original size, and the ground is not so l)Oggy as it once was. Ugh ! how we used to shiver with tlie fear of ^oing down in that mud and never getting out again ! Only the river is left as in the old days, and even it is changed - the water is not as clear as in pioneer days. There are too many factories along its course.

Leaving home at 7 :20 in the morning we went north on Main street. The first thing that particularly attracted our attention was the new garage Charlie Thomas is building at his home. We turned east on Eighth, going past the pile of melted glass and brick which marks the site of the old Wilson and McCullough glass factory. We saw four or five such heaps at different places during the day - silent reminders of the old boom days.

We passed the Angelina Pearson home, the little thirty-acre patch of ground owned by Charles T. Parker, where Frank Parker lives and the Horace Reeve home. It was early morning and Mr. Reeve was doing his chores about the barn, as was also John Peacock at his farm a little farther east. Mr. Peacock had just hitched his horse to the carriage for Sunday school. The animal had gone through the same performance so many years that she knew every turn to be made, so that driving was unnecessary, only a word now and then being required. Joseph Ratliff raised his family of boys on the next farm, where his step-son, Xathan Thomas, now lives.

John Heavilin lives on the old Daniel Whybrew farm of one hundred acres which he owns. Nearby is the pretty cottage of his son Wayne, who is associated with him. They raise much stock, hogs and cattle especially. The original log cabin of the Whybrew family is back of the barn, being now used as an out-building.

Milt Nicholson lives on the Charles Child place, which is situated at the cross roads. The road here, running north and south, was once the worst old corduroy imaginable.

A little stop was made at the Thomas Winslow home, south of the road. With Mr. Winslow's assistance we were able to locate the beautiful homes of Thomas Duling, J. B. Compton and Henry Morrish on our left. Proceeding eastward we came to a rolling stretch of country and passed the homes of Will Monahan and Burr Leach. Off to the north on a little hill we saw the home of Fred Briggs, the "onion" man. In the bottom land, which once was so swampy that it was considered worthless, Mr. Briggs raises the finest kind of onions for the Snider people. The ground is fine for tomatoes, too, and corn as well.

Crossing Barren Creek and coming to an ideal location for a residence, we recognized the old Julmnnd Duling place, the present home of Solomon Duling. Stopping for a little chat we were informed by Mr. Duling that he was born sixty-four years ago in a log cabin which stood to the south of the present building. He also told us that the old cranberry marshes used to be north and a little to the east of the Duling farm, on the Major Norton farm and near Lake Galatia.

Mr. Duling li\es in a regular Duling settlement. Cha]). Virgil, Thomas, William and others living in the neighl)orhood. Milton Rich has a fine home in this neighborhood, to the north of the road.

Turning south, a walk of a few minutes brought us to Fowlerton. First we went in the Methodist Protestant Church. \\']iere a large and interesting Sunday school was in progress. John W. Himelick is superintendent of the school and seems to have affairs well in hand. The church, which has been nicely remodeled, holds a personal interest for the pedestrians, for on a June morning several vears ago, a certain fair-haired boy here received his diploma from the township schools.

It was Rev. Heitz's day at Grant and there were no services at the Fowlerton Church, so we wended our way over to the \\'esleyan Church, where Mrs. Emma Payne is pastor. Here we found the same situation, as Mrs. Payne was preaching in Summitville that day, so we went to the only otlier cIhu'cIt in town - tlie United Brethren.

On the way we stopped at the store of Solomon D. Key for a few minutes. I\lr. T\e\- has his own religious ideas. While not a Seventh Day Adventist, nor a member of any other cliurch, he believes in observing the seventh day as a day of rest, so lie kce])s his store closed on Saturdays and open on Sundays. During our halfhour's stay, Mr. Key made several sales, amounting in all to as much as $5 or $6.

Rev. Carter is pastor of llie C i'. Church. It was (|uari,erly conference day. however, and the presiding elder of the district was in charge, 'i'he church had just experienced a revixal and a fervent testimony serxice formed a j^art of the morning's worsliip, w itli plenty of ".Amens" interspersed at inter\-als.

Following- the services we had dinner at a little eating place kept by Air. and Mrs. Schmidt, natives of France, who came to Grant County in the boom days. Mrs. Schmidt speaks broken English, but her husband understands very little of the language. An interesting hour was spent with them. The reason their name is of German origin lies in the fact that Mr. Schmidt came from Alsace, the much disputed country of northeast France or southwest Germany, as the case may be.

The road from Fowlerton to Matthews lies for the most part through a gently rolling country, which becomes especially picturesque as the river is approached. After leaving Fowlerton we passed the Frank Kirkwood farm, where \\'alter Kirkwood lives, the Willard Dickerson and the John Dye homes.

Then w^e saw a large, handsome house, recentl}- improved, with big porches and an out-doors sleeping room and we wondered whose it could be until we discovered the name, Ellis Wright, on the mail box. We passed a pleasant half-hour with Mr. Wright his family. Talk about your beautiful country homes ! Here is one that is not surpassed in miles and miles around. We were especially interested in the beautiful tinted walls, as the interior decorating Avas done entirely by Miss Myrl Wright, the work equaling that of any professional and the stenciling, the patterns for which she made herself, far excelling most professional work. Each room is different and each has a character all its own.

To the northwest we could see, from the porch of the AA'right residence, the house on the Milton Wright farm, which is beingprepared for the home of Ovid Reeder and Miss Myrl Wright, who are soon to be married. From the Wright home we could also see the homes on the Wilson Simons and the Levi Simons farms. Harry Winans lives on the next farm east of the Ellis Wright place.

Near where the road makes a little jut is a bit of forest where many of the giant trees lie or lean from their stumps just as they were twisted in a cyclone which struck the neighborhood a few } ears ago.

A home that attracted our attention, because of its neatness and evidence of prosperity proved to be the home of Adrial Simons and family. Then we soon came to the John Sanders farm, another pretty home. Just before reaching Matthews we passed the farm of one hundred and thirty-five acres owned by T. J. Eucas. of Fairmount.

New Harmony Primitive I'.aptist Church is l)eaiuifully located near Matthews, close to a well kept cemetery overlooking- a deep ravine. On the headstones we found the names of many well known families, Richards, Dunn. Couch, Cory, Ilayden, Kibbey, Leach and others.

Leaving- the cemetery we entered Alatlliews by a winding road which skirts a ravine and the ri\er. W'e passed the homes of T. Richards and J. Richards and then came to one of the most picturesque places of all, tlie residence of John Slater, with its pretty lawn and driveways and its outlook on the river. Mr. Slater's family is especially well known in Fairmount, his children. Mrs. Margaret Newberger, Miss Minda Slater and Joe Slater all h-aving graduated at the Academy.

After w^e boarded the Pennsylvania evening train for home we passed tlie site of Palmer U'inslow's glass factory, a pile of melted glass and l)rick showing its former location. We also saw llic little l)rick ottice which he once used, now fast going to ruin, and the house that was the former home of Da\'id A. Paldwin and his family.

We had a little chat with A. E. Wilson, the genial conductor on the train. ]\lr. Wilson married Miss Mattie Wheeler, a former I*"airmount girl. They now live in Converse.

"Over the liills to the poor house we wended our weary way'' last Sunday. If our readers could have seen us as we climbed the last hill l)efore we reached the main entrance to the grounds where the unfortunates of the county are kept they would wonder wliy we ever were ])erniitted to leave after we once got inside, for. as w-arni and dtisty as we were we certainly looked like fit subjects for permanent residence.

After finding an attendant we were escorted up the broad steps to the main entrance of the building. On the portico above us, as we mounted the steps, stood a feeble minded man who }elled out, "Oh, you lazy bones!" W'e are still wondering whether the ai^pcllation was meant for us or for the attendant.

Sunday is not visitors' day any more. So many people formed the habit of going on Sunday to visit the institution that the superintendent and his family could get no rest, so an edict was posted that there would be no more Sunday visitors.

However, we met Superintendent Bowles and Dr. Ross, of Gas City, the Infirmary physician. The latter told us that there are always several sick and many infirm people in the institution. We were also told by the superintendent that at least one-third of the inmates are feeble minded and irresponsible.

The farm and the grounds are beautiful. The building is in excellent condition and everything is kept very clean. However, our hearts went out in sympathy for all connected with the place, including those in authority.

As we turned from the gateway, in a backward glance, we saw, in an upper window, the white head of an old, old man buried in his arms as they rested upon the sill. He may have been asleep or he may have been only resting, but so pathetic was the attitude that to us the figure of the man seemed to embody the spirit of the place. Forsaken by relatives and friends he must pass the remaining days of his life as a ward of the county. The picture remained with us all day and will continue to do so for many, many days to come.

Another vivid incident preceded this one only a short time. Near the Infirmary flows Walnut Creek, which is spanned by a pretty bridge. As we sat near the creek resting by the roadside, an automobile filled with men rushed by and came to a sudden halt in the middle of the bridge. Evidently a visit had been made to Gas City^ for beer bottles were drawn thick and fast from the bottom of the automobile and, after being drained of their contents, were hurled over the bridge into the creek, striking the water with a great splash.

The men evidently thought we were thirsty, too, for they offered the "better half" a bottle, but did not seem to be offended at the refusal to accept. In commenting upon the incident later in the day, the "better half" said, "Those young fellows are paving the way to the County Infirmary or some such institution unless they mend their ways." Worst of all, they had a child - a little boy - with them.

Appendix

Captain Jared Mansfield, U. S. A., succeeded Rufus Putnam, the first Surveyor-General, in 1803. It was .necessary for him to survey the Vincennes Indian Grant of 1795, confirmed in 1803. But as the tract was surrounded by Indian lands, cut off from the other surveys and remote from the Ohio river, he was at a loss as to how to proceed. If he tried to survey the tract in conformance with the lines east of the Greenville Treaty line, he felt sure that when the lines were connected after the Indian title to the interveningland was secured there would be great confusion, and if he merely surveyed the tract as a unit he would destroy any uniformity of surveys in the Indiana Territory. He therefore decided to base the surveys upon great lines which could control all future surveys in that region. To this end he ran the Second Principal Meridian through the northeast corner of the cession. For a base line he used a line running from the westernmost corner of Clark's grant on the Ohio - the nearest surveyed land.

This was the beginning" of the combination of principal meridians and base lines which have l^een used in all later surveys. Both had been used before - Mansfield perfected the system and applied his brilliant talents to the astronomical location of the important points from which surrounding surveys could be made. The Second Principal Meridian governed the surveys in Indiana and those in Illinois to the western boundary of the fourteenth range. West from that line to the Mississippi and Illinois rivers the surveys have been based on the Third Principal Meridian, which runs from the mouth of the Ohio river.

The north and south lines are run l)y the true meridian, and the east and west lines at right angles therefrom, as far as practicable, in closing. But as the east and west lines are made the closing lines of the sections or townships, they frequently vary a little from those points, being run from one section or township corner to another. 'I'lie lines are well marked In^- having- all those trees which fall in the line notched with two notches on each side where the line cuts, and all or most of the trees on each side of the line and near it l)lazed on two sides, diagonally- or quartering" towards the line.

At the section corners thei'e are posts set, having' as many notches cut on two sides of them as they are miles distant from the township boundary, where the sectional lines commenced. At the township corners the posts have six notches made on each of the four sides facing the lines. Wherever a tree falls exactly in the corner, it supplies the place of a post, and is marked in the same manner. The places of the posts are perpetuated thus: At each corner the courses are taken to two trees in opposite directions as nearly as may be, and their distance from the post measured. These trees are called "bearing trees" (witness trees) and are blazed on the side next the post, and one notch made with an axe in the blaze. Ikit in prairies, or other places where there are no trees within a convenient distance for bearings, a mound of earth is raised at each corner, not less than two and a half feet high, nor less than that in diameter at the base, in which the moundposts are placed.

At the section corners the numbers of each section, together wMth the numbers of the township and range, are marked w'ith a marking iron (such as are used in mills and warehouses) on a l)earing or other trees standing within the section near to the corner, thus : A blaze large enough for the purpose is made on the tree, and on the blaze the letter R is made, with the number of the range annexed ; below this the letter T. with the number of the township; and under that the number of the section, without any letter to denote it. To the number of the township the letter N or S is added, according as the township lies north or south of the baseline; and to the number of the range the letter E or W as the range may be east or west of the i)rinci])al meridian. I'.y proper attention to these numbers and marks a purchaser is enabled to know the quarter and number of the section he wishes to enter, and the number of the township and range in which it lies.

The quarter-section corners are established iu the same manner that the section corners are. but no marks are made for the numbers of the secticm, townshi]) and range; "1-4 S" only is marked on the ])ost.

The deputy surveyors are required to note particularly and to enter in their field books the courses and distances of all lines which they may run ; the names and estimated diameters of all corner or bearing trees, and all those trees which fall in the lines, called station or line trees, together with the courses or distances of the bearing trees from their respective corners, with the proper letters and numbers marked on them ; all rivers, creeks, springs and smaller streams of water, with their width and the course they run in crossing the line, and whether navigable, rapid, or otherwise ; also the face of the country, whether level, hilly or mountainous ; the kinds of timber and undergrowth with which the land may be covered, and the quality of the soil; all lakes, ponds, swamps, peat or turf grounds, coal beds, stone quarries ; uncommon, natural or artificial productions, such as remains of ancient fortifications, mounds, precipices, caves, etc., all rapids, cascades, or falls of water ; minerals, ores, fossils, etc. ; the true situation of all mines, salt licks, salt springs, and mill-sites which may come to their knowledge. From the returns of the surveys thus made a complete knowledge of the country may be obtained, and maps thereof drawn with the greatest accuracy. The field notes of the surveyors, together with the plats and descriptions, made out therefrom, are filed in the office of the surveyor-general of the United States, or of the principal surveyors for the territories of Mississippi, Illinois, and Missouri.

Take a double handful of dewberry roots, a double handful of the root of cranesbill and two gallons of witchhazel leaves, boil these articles separately till the strength is all extracted; then strain, and pour the whole into one vessel, and boil down to a quart; add a pint of the best French brandy, and a pound of loaf sugar. Dose, from a tablespoonful to a wine glassful ; repeated according to circumstances, and continued until the action on the bowels is fully checked.

I'ill a jar with green herb, well l:)rui.secl and pressed, and for every quart which the jar will contain add three or four pods of common red pepper, then pour on good whiskey enough to cover the herb, and let it stand for use. The longer it stands the stronger it becomes. This forms an excellent remedy in phthisic, croup, whooping-cough, bad colds, and all catarrhal affections, and is ]^evfectly safe in its effects on all ages and conditions of persons.

Take a double handful of wild cherry tree bark, of the roots; the same quantity of yellow poplar bark, of the roots ; of sarsaparilla roots; of the bark of the red sumach roots; half the quantity of bitter root. Boil these ingredients in two gallons of water until it is reduced to half a gallon ; j^our off and strain the liquid. Then boil or simmer down to one pint; add this to one gallon of hard cider; shake it well ; then add two ounces of garden madder, or the madder of the shops. Commence with half a wine glassful three times a day, increasing the dose gradually to half a teacupful or even more in bad cases. When you have drunk half, add another half-gallon of cider.

Canal navigation in Indiana has now fairly commenced. Iliirtytwo miles of the Wabash and Erie canal, extending from tlie dam across the Little vSt. Jose])h river to Huntington on the Wabash are now completed and boats are regularly running thereon, fliis interesting event was celebrated in a becoming manner on the 4th inst. On the 2n(l ihree boats left this place for llunlington for the purpose of bringing \\\i such citizens ol the lower end ot tlie line as might wish to attend the celebration. Tlic arri\al of these boats in lluntington was liailed with the li\eliest demouslrations of joy.

'Ilie next day the boats returned to l"t. \\'a\ne, and were met and saluted by a detachment ol militia, under the command ol (."apt. Rudisil; the salutes were returned by Capt. Fate's artillery, who came from Huntington with the boats. On the morning of the 4th a procession was formed in front of the Washington Hall and proceeded to the canal, where they embarked on the boats prepared for the occasion, and took a trip to the Feeder dam, seven miles distant. No less than 500 individuals, including a large portion of the fair sex, were present on the occasion. Among the guests were Gen. Tipton, of the U. S. Senate, and Col. Stansberry, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, who was one of the party who first surveyed the route of the canal. Governor Noble was prevented by ill health from attending. Governor Lucas, of Ohio, was invited, but was prevented by the pressure of official business from being present.

The company landed at the dam, where salutes were fired by the military and some toasts were given. On the health of the canal commissioners being drunk, D. Burr, Esq., returned thanks, and in a short but animated address depicted the difficulties Avhich our infant State had encountered in the commencement of a work of such magnitude as this canal, and the advantages that might reasonably be anticipated from its speedy completion. Gen. Tipton being called upon, delivered a short speech, in wihch he contrasted the present appearance of this section of country - where cultivated farms and cheerful villages meet the eye in every direction - with what it was at the time the canal was first contemplated, when the whole country from Lake Erie to the A\'"abash was one unbroken wilderness.

The company then returned to Ft. Wayne, where the Declaration of Independence was read by L. B. Wilson, and an oration delivered by Hon. H. McCulloch. A large company afterwards partook of a public dinner prepared for the occasion. The day was uncommonly fine, and nothing happened to disturb the harmony and good feeling which were manifested by all.

The Irish were observed by the citizens to be in the habit of nightly assembling in the secluded places in the woods ; and all who could in any way procure arms were providing themselves with them. Three kegs of powder were forcibly taken from a wagon on the highway ; the houses of some of the citizens were entered .and the owners compelled to give up their guns ; and the lives of others were threatened who refused to give up their arms. Several outrages were committed by these deluded ruffians upon each other; and Mr. Brady, a canal contractor, was fired at, but fortunately without effect, by a wretch named Sullivan, who, we are informed, took a prominent part in the disturbances in Maryland last year, and is also deepl}' implicated in the murders committed at Williamsburg-h, Pa., four years ago.

The contest was intended to have taken place on the 12th inst., the anniversary of the battle of the Boync. On the loth the "Corkonians" assembled at Lagro, to the number of about three hundred, most of whom were armed ; at the same time about two hundred and fifty armed "Fardowns" advanced to Wabash, seven miles from Lagro, on their way to attack their adversaries. D. Burr, Esq., canal commissioner, and some other citizens of the neighborhood, succeeded in inducing the two parties to suspend their intended fight for two days, in order to give them an opportunity of makingsome amicable arrangement. Tn the meantime expresses were sent to Fort Wayne and Logansport, requesting assistance to suppress the disturbances and protect the citizens from the dangers to which they would be exposed if the two parties should come in contact.

The express arrived here (Fort Wayne) on Saturday the nth, and the appeal was promptly responded to by our citizens. The drum beat to arms, and in two hours a company of sixty-three men, well armed and furnished with ammunition and provisions, were en their march for the scene of action. Col. J. Spencer was elected to command the expedition ; Adam Hull was elected first lieutenant, Samuel Edsell second lieutenant, and H. Rudisil ensign. The company embarked in a canal boat and arrived at Huntington about midnight; next morning they marched forward on their route, reinforced by a company from Htuitington, under the command of Capt. Murray.

On hearing of the arrival of the volunteers, the Irish dispersed into the woods, and the next day most of them returned to their work, fully satisfied that they could not trample on the laws of the State with impunity, and that if they attempted to proceed any further in their mad career they would inevitably meet with the punishment due to such lawless proceedings.

nativity. I am under many obligations to you for your kind reception, and to Indiana for the aid she has rendered the cause which I think eminently a just one.

Gentlemen, I shall address you at greater length at Indianapolis, but not much greater. Again, gentlemen, I thank you for your warm-hearted reception.

Leaving the crowd, amid the firing of cannon, and the waving of flags and handkerchiefs, the train left the State line. It was greeted by similar crowds at Attica, and other points on the road.

When the train arrived at Lafayette another monster crowd welcomed the incoming president, and while the trains were switching preparatory to transferring passengers and baggage. Mr. Lincoln made a short speech in response to the loud cries of the assembled multitude.

Crowds greeted the train at every station between Lafayette and Indianapolis, and at every place where it stopped Mr. Lincoln showed himself on the platform of the cars and spoke a few words to the people.

When the train came in sight of this city its arrival was announced by the roar of artillery. Thirty-four rounds were fired in honor of the thirty-four States of the Union.

At five o'clock the train stopped at the crossing of Washington street, where it was met by members of the legislature, the officers of State, the City Council, the military company of the city, the Fire Department of Indianapolis and thousands of men, women and children on foot, in carriages and on horseback. Every part of the State was represented, and every political party, by hundreds and thousands of persons.

When Mr. Lincoln left the cars and made his appearance where he could be seen, deafening cheers arose that sounded above the roar of the cannon and the loudest blasts of the bands playing in the vicinity. The President-elect was welcomed by Governor Morton in the following speech : .

Sir: On behalf of the people of Indiana T 1)id you welcome. They avail themselves of this occasion to offer their tribute of high respect to your character as a man, and as a statesman, and in your person to honor the high office to which you have been elected.

In every free government there will be differences of opinion, and these differences result in the formation of parties; but when the voice of the people has been expressed through the forms of the Constitution, all patriots yield to it obedience. Submission to the popular will is the essential principle of Republican government, and so vital is thfs principle that it admits of but one exception, which is revolution. To weaken it is anarchy ; to destroy it is despotism. It recognizes no appeal beyond the ballot-box; and while it is preserved. Liberty may be wounded but never slain.

To this principle the people of Indiana, men of all parties, are loyal, and they here welcome you as the Chief Magistrate-elect of the Republic.

When our fathers framed the Constitution they declared it was to form a more perfect union, establish justice, and to secure the blessings of liberty to themselves and their posterity, and for these considerations we proclaim our purpose to maintain that Constitution inviolate as it came from their hands.

This Union has been the idol of our hopes ; the parent of our prosperity; our shield and protection abroad, and our title to the respect and consideration of the world. May it be preserved is the prayer of every patriotic heart in Indiana, and that it shall be. the determination.

Most heartily do I thank you for this magnificent reception, and while I cannot take to myself any share of the comi)liment thus paid, more than that which pertains to a mere instrument, an accidental instrument, perhaps I should say, of a great cause, I yet must look upon it as a most magnificent reception, and as such most heartily do I thank you for it. You ha\e been pleased to address yourself to me chiefly in behalf of tliis glorious Union in which we live, in all of which you have my hearty sympathy, and, as far as may be within my power, will have, one and inseparably, my hearty consideration; wliile T do not expect, upon tliis occasion.

or until I get to Washington, to attempt any lengthy speech, I will only say that to the salvation of this Union there needs but one single thing, the hearts of a people like yours. (Applause.)

The people, when they arise in mass in behalf of the Union, and the liljerties of their country, truly it may be said, "The gates of hell can not prevail against them." (Renewed applause.) In all trying positions in which I shall be placed, and doubtless I shall be placed in many such, my reliance will be placed upon you, and the people of the United States - and 1 wish you to remember, now and forever, that it is your business, and not mine ; that if the Union of these States, and the liberties of this people, shall be lost, it is but little to any one man of fifty-two years of age, but a great deal to the thirty millions of people who inhabit these United States, and to their posterity in all coming time. It is your business to rise up and preserve the Union and liberty for yourselves, and not for me.

I desire they should be constitutionally performed. I, as already intimated, am but an accidental instrument, temporary, and to serve but for a limited time, and I appeal to you again to constantly bear in mind that with you, and not with politicians, not wnth presidents, not with officeseekers, but with you, is the question: Shall the Union and shall the liberties of this country be preserved to the latest generations? (Cheers.)

J. W. Miles J. W. Miles Geo. A. Osborn Geo. A. Osborn Geo. A. Osborn Geo. A. Osborn John Wilson John Wilson John "Wilson John Wilson Geo. A. Alodlin Geo. A. Modlin Geo. A. Modlin Geo. A. Modlin Harry Goldthalt Harry Goldthalt

Robert S. Jones Alf McFeeley Alt McFeeley John Sanders John Sanders John T. Williams John T, Williams A. G. Alexander A. C. Alexander A. C. Alexander A. C. Alexander

- F'rom 1831 to 1837 the Associate Judges were ex-offlcio Probate Judges, and transacted Pleas Judge. | Up to 1841 one person filled both the offices of Clerk and Auditor. In 183

Probate business, t April term (1S52) the Associate Judges w 8. for a time, Morton Jones also filled the additional office of P. Alder was Surveyor from a short time alter organization ere dis<ontlnued. President Judge thereafter continuing as Circuit Judge, t In 1863 the new constitution ehrinK*'! ih< offli' Record*'- Sin 1873 Common Pleas Judge was abolished and business thereof transferred to the CirculL Couyi^^^ ojid I of Cou»»y until 184G. (x> Previous to 1857 record of Coroners imperfect and uncjaiiB^"^^^^*^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Index

A custom handed down, 424. Adams, Benny, freighter, 301. Adamson, Jesse, 60. A "detector," uses of, 158. African Methodist Episcopal Church, organized, 175; charter members of,

434- A pioneer doctor, 361. Apples, source of profit, 112. A regular book worm, 93. Army musket, used for hunting, 62. Arnold, Mrs. Lydia Morris, birth of,

Back Creek Meeting-house, 51; monthly meeting opened, 51; plans for new structure, 51; ratio of apportionment fixed, 51; plans approved. 52; house completed, 52.

Baldwin, Charles, enters land, 50; election inspector, 69; mentioned, 82, 91; family of, 106; location of land, 106; his two-wheeeld covered gig, 106; slaves in care of, 149; slave owners in close pursuit, 149.

mentioned, loi, 102, 133. Bankers, not necessary, 142. Banks, organization of, 325. Baptist Church of Fairmount, organized, 174; charter members, 174. Baptist Church, organization of in

62. Brazelton, Xelson, mentioned, 147. Brazelton, Robert, mentioned, 87. Bread, substitutes for, 99. Broylcs, Hanley and wife, 99. Brush drag, devised, 154. Buchanan, James, mentioned, 146. Bull, John J., mentioned, 373. Butler, George W., miller, 137 ; home of,

Campbell, Lieut.-Col. John B., expedition commanded by, 27 ; attacked by Indians, 28: expedition successful, 28: his return march, 31 ; death of, 33.

Duling, Thomas D.. Sr.. mentioned. 176; birth of. 220; marriage of. 220; grandfather soldier of Revolutionary War. 220; came to Township. 220; abolitionist. 221; promoter of M. P. Church, 221; teacher, 221: Township Trustee, 221; no denomination barred, 221.

Elliott, Xathan D. W., sketch of. 248. ' Elliott, William S., pioneer tile manufacturer, ~~; overcomes foolish objections, 77; faith fully rewarded, 78; birth of. 79; of Quaker ancestry, 79; becoiTies a soldier, 79; on important details, 80; mustered out.

Fairmount, naming of, 131; letter concerning it from Mrs. Alvin Wilson, 131: letter from Dr. A. Henley, 131; letter from J. X. Elliott, 132.

Fairmount Academy, move to establish, 339; location reported, 339; Trustees elected, 339; opened for instruction, 341; class of 1888, 341; basketball team, 345.

Fairmount corporation, petition for election. 281; election authorized and incorporation voted for. 281; officers chosen and installed, 282; By-Laws adopted, 282; names of officials, 1871 to 1917, 286; School Trustees, 288; Assessors and Marshals, 289: Health Officers, 290.

Fairmount Mining Company, organization of, 325; contract let for drilling, 327; penetrating Trenton Rock, 327; letter from C. R. Small, 365.

Fairmount Township, how organized, 275; territory set aside for purpose, 2-s: topography of, 2-^: re-organization of, 276: boundary lines same as 1863, 277.

Hall. William, first Fairmount postmaster, 69; minister. 141; called to church work, 165; sketch of. 166; in Legislature, 166; Township Treasurer, 278.

Henley, Dr. Alpheus. on mission to Huntington. 20; contribution, 43; assignment of stock to, 75; letter from, 76; mother of, 85; letter from, 98; letter from. 308; last of pioneer physicians, 313; friend of Capt. D. L. Payne, 313; names soldiers, 265.

moved to Kansas, no. PL)g hunting, 61. Flog killing time, 87. Hoilingsworth, Eleanor, medium. 152. Hollingsworth. Enos. mentioned. 152. Hoilingsworth, John B.. sketch of,

Hundley, James M., letter from, 134; native of Ohio, 134; son. of William Hundley, 134; memory first dawns, 134; sketch of, 136; able speaker and writer, 136; in Civil War, 136; letter from, 144, 156; naines soldiers; letter from, 295; member of Home Guards, 296; letter from, 300.

Jonesboro and Fairmount Turnpike Company, building of, 73; first officers of elected, 73; names of shareholders, 73; position of officer not regarded lightly, 74; sold to county, 76; first gravel road built in county, 76.

Jones, Capt. John F., in Civil War. 79; commands company, 79; interview with Pleasanton, 80; guarding water tank, 80; office of, 137; brave soldier, 137; 'popular with comrades, 137; obtained pensions for veterans,

Leach. William, church organized at home of, 167; descendants of, 195; enters land, 195; marriage of, 197; God-fearing man, 199. death of. 200.

Lewis, David, mentioned, 18. 66; accident to family, 66; moved into Baldwin cabin, 66; to LaFayette for meal. 66; class leader. 67: charter member M. E. Church. 67; ever ready to assist. 68.

M. E. Church of Fairmount, organized, 173; charter members, 173; frame church built, 173; brick church erected, 173; present structure completed. 173:

Morris, Nathan, birth of. 33; moved to Wayne County. Indiana. 53; enters land in Fairmount Township. 50; father of twenty-two children. 50; death of, 53; mentioned. 85; first minister. 163.

Patterson, Dr. Joseph W.. birth of, :^22; ancestry, 323; education. 323; marriage of, 324; second marriage, 324; long period of service for com-t munity, 324; death of, 324; advocates water works, 330.

Payne, Capt. David L., parentage, 209; birth of, 209; education, 209; picturesque in personal appearance, 209; precocious and witty, 209; Payne homestead, 209; related to Davy Crocket, - ; father of strict disciplinarian, 209; his boyhood teachers, 210; goes West, 210; in Border-Ruffian War, 211; in Civil War. 211; joins command of General Custer, 211; elected to Legislature, 211; starts agitation for opening of Oklahoma to settlement, 211; taken to Ft. Smith, 212; seize printing,press, 212; tribute by a friend of. 213; death of, 219.

98. Phillips, John, loses land, 101. Physicians, early Fairmount. 141. Physicians, names of, 315. Pickard, Alex, 159. Pickard, Caroline Smith, letter from.

187. Picture gallery, the first, 418. Pierce, George, teacher, 122. Pioneers and early school days. 390. Planck. W. A., letter from, i=;o. Plank road, the, 372. Pool of Siloam, 152, 153. Posey, Wade, mentioned, 164. Postmasters, names of, 318. Pierce. William R., mentioned, 74. 91. Plowing for wheat. 89. Postoffice at AL opened. 71. Powell, Thomas, mentioned, 103. "Prepare for meeting." 84. Packet. Cyrus, not John. 370. Pugsley, Rev. John, mentioned. 165. Pursued into the river. 450.

St. Clair, Gen. Arthur, delegate to Continental Congress, 17; first Governor of Northwest Territory, 17; Commander-in-Chief U. S. Army, 18; resigns command, 18; succeeded by General Wayne, 18.

Sugar and molasses, 88. "Sugaring off," 88. Suman, Harry, letter from, 190. Sutton, Jep, Conner's clerk, 23. Sweetser, James, clerked for Conner, 23-

Taking grist to mill, 88. Tailor, our first, 369. Tanning the cowhide, 291. Tanyards, the, 291; last of the, 294. Taxable property in 1876, 280. Taylor, Aaron, Catherine and Martha, mentioned, 165.

Thomas, Solomon, 20; enters land, 50; sells land at Lake Galatia, 68; establishes post office at AI, 68; builds' horse mill, 69; year of birth. 69; family of, 69; Commissioner, 71; death of, 71; burial of at Back Creek. 71; moved to Iowa, 92; kept toll gate, 124: horse mill of. 138;

Thorn, James C, sketch of, 269. Thorn. Louisa Payne, mentioned, 152. Thought the devil had him, 403. Things, a variety of, 385. Thread, spinning the, 115. Threshing. 89.

Tile machine, introduction of. jj. Timber, disposing of, 1 18. "Time is money," 83. Tin lanterns. 89. Tollgates. location of, 124. Town plat, original, 132; additions made, 132, 133..

Vestal, Aaron, sells land, 220. Vetor, John, mentioned, 251. Vinson, Ezra F., mentioned, 409, 410. Vinson. Nathan, hot?lkeeper. 142. Voice from Idaho. 366.

of, 72. Wabash, hauling wheat to. 300. Wagons, stiff tongued affairs, 85. Waite, Sullivan T.. mentioned, 7^. Wants his pants back, 402. Ward, Elijah, first class leader at

Sugar Grove, 164. War of 1812, soldiers of, 251. War with Germany, soldiers of, 272. War with Mexico, soldiers of, 251. War of the Rebellion, soldiers of, 251. War of the Revolution, soldiers of,

Wayne, General, supersedes St. Clair, 18; saved Lafayette, 18; cut out road, 19; advance from Ft. Defiance, 23; victory of, 23; died December 14, 1796, 2S-

Wilson, Jesse E., 74, 75, 82, 102; superintendent ditching, 138: birth of, 238: marriage of, 238; head of Society of Friends, 238; active in temperance work, 239; supported public improvements, 239; liberal in helping poor; death of. 239.

Wifson, Lindsey. loi; birth of, 243: marriage of. 244: in Civil War. 244; family of, 244; death of wife of, 244; death of, 243; good citizen and considerate of the rights of others. 245:

Wilson, Nathan D., 82, 102; clerk of Fairmonnt meeting, 171; birtii of, 239; marriage of, 239: settled many estates, 240; assessed Township, 240; hauled equipment from Cincinnati. 240; family of. 240; wife of, 240; death of, 241.

Wilson, Samuel C, 71; l)irth of, 241; education of, 242; the clock peddler, 242; noisy Indians, 242; descriptions of fugitive slaves, 242; stuck in the mud, 243; the Cincinnati market, 243; Underground Railroad stations. 243; political affiliations, 243; member Indiana Legislature. 243; marriage of, 243; death of wife, 243.

Winslow, Joseph, enters land, 48; founded Friends meeting, 48; liberal supporter of educational movements, 48; death of, 48; mentioned, 82, 84; location of, 105; Friends meeting at cabin of, 163.

Winslow, Nixon, loi; farmer and banker, 206; community builder, 206; birth of, 206; death of, 206; ini.ys land, 206; President of Citizens Exchange Bank, 206; political affiliations, 206; drafted, 206.

Winslow, Seth, enters land, 50; mentioned, 82; location of land, 103; builds hewed log house, 119; pinched hard, 119; superintendent ditching, 138.