Fairmount Township (part 7 of 10)

In 1875 there were two hundred and fifty-three children of school age in the corporation. The amount of tuition fund draw n din-ing the year was seven htmdred and eighty-nine dollars and thirty cents.

In 1876 Fairmount corporation had enumerated two hundred and thirt}' children of school age, one hundred and twenty male and one hundred and ten female. The average daily attendance was one hun- and thirty-five. There were three teachers, one male and two females. The teachers' wages per day average, male four dollars and female two dollars and a half. Days taught during the year, one hundred. One frame school house was sufficient to accommodate the pupils. The estimated value of the school building and school apparatus was two thousand and fiftv dollars.

School Trustees

* Resigned. (a) Removed from corporation. (b) Moved to Marion, Tnd. August 15, 1876, Board of Trustees declared all school board offices vacant, ceased.

Saw-Mill The Explosion

IN 1846 William Hall built and operated a tannery south of town on the ground where the late J. W. Parrill lived for many years. In 1853 Daniel Ridgeway started a tannery at the northeast corner of Second and Main Streets. In 1856 Micah Baldwin purchased an interest of Ridgeway. They operated the tannery until i860, when James R. Smith took over the interest of Ridgeway. Baldwin & Smith conducted the business until 1876. In this year William Thomas bought Smith's interest and the enterprise was thereafter managed by Baldwin & Thomas. After disposing of his interest to his partner, Ridgeway started a tannery southeast of Fairmount, where John H. Caskey now

Nathan Little, who had been employed by Ridgeway, in 1861 opened a tannery on East Washington Street. A striking object displayed over the south door of this tannery attracted considerable attention from passers-by. A lynx had been killed by Billy Brewer on land now owned by Charles Allred, situated one mile and a half northeast of Fairmount. The lynx was skinned, prepared, stuffed and mounted, and used as an advertising device for the business carried on within.

It required about a year to tan, properly, a cowhide. The skin was first placed in a lime-vat. After it had remained in this vat a few days it was taken out and the hair removed with a scraping-knife, then to a vat of clean water, where the lime was thoroughly soaked out, and then through a succession of vats containing hen manure, weak oak ooze, strong oak ooze, this process being continued until the skin was thoroughly tanned and turned over to the finishing-room, where an application of "dubbin" was put on, one side blacked and dressed and made ready for the market. The hair was saved and sold to put in mortar for plastering.

Oak bark, called tanbark, was plentiful in those days. Farmers would peel this bark off of trees and cord it up to dry. When thoroughly dried, it was hauled in, and found a ready cash market. The price ranged between two and four dollars per cord. At the tanyard it was corded up under sheds so as to be kept perfectly dry. When needed, it was taken to the grinder, located upon the upper floor, known as the bark-mill. In the center of this room was a large iron hopper, something' near three feet in diameter at the top and eighteen or twenty inches at the hottom, and about three feet deep. Inside was a succession of iron teeth, and there was fitted in the hopper another iron small in proportional size and iron teeth fitted on it. This hopper was used to g'rind the tanbark into a fine powder. It was operated by a large beam, to which was attached one horse going about in a circle. This mill was usually operated by a boy, sometimes the proprietor's son. His work was to get the bark up into the mill and with a wooden mallet break the bark over the edge of the hopper in small pieces two or three inches in length. After being ground the powder fell below^ into another room, and from there taken out in a wheelbarrow to the yard and placed in the vats.

The tannery was in that day an important institution. It was headquarters in War times for men who were interested in the issues of the day. Abolitionists, especially, would meet here to discuss the slavery question and the progress of the \\'ar. It was the stopping-place for refugees, both white and colored, and during the entire War was the center of interest for people from miles around. It was in 1867 that Thomas Harvey, one of the prominent anti-slavery men of his day, suddenly died in the beam-house of the Baldwin-Smith tannery.

According to older residents, it was the housing-place for quantities of arms and ammunition of the Fairmount Company of Home Guards, organized to maintain law and order in the community and to assist in repelling any stray bands of guerrillas that might happen to ride in this direction.

There were one hundred members of this organization. Roland Smith, who had served in the Union army, was the captain ; Joseph Macey, first lieutenant, and Dennis Montgomery, second lieutenant.

Regular drills were practiced every Saturday afternoon in the north part of town, which was then known as Christianville. Here on several occasions the coni])any was divided into two forces and sham l)attles were fought. Often during the week the company would l)e assembled for military drills, conducted in the evenings after supper on the yard of the school building which then stood on North Walnut Street, near the present home of George Montgomery.

Roland Smith, retired farmer, son of John and Mary Ann (Thomas) Smith, was born four miles northeast of Fairmount, on a farm then owned by his father, on .\pril 20. 1839. On liis mother's side he is a erandson of Solomon Thomas. His paternal grandfather was Judge Caleb Smith, both grandparents natives of North Carolina. Roland Smith was educated in the common schools of Fairmount Township, his first teacher being John T. Morris, who, in 1845, was in charge of the school at Back Creek. For many years Mr. Smith owned ninety-six acres of land located south of Fairmount, now known as the Cal Dean farm, which he managed successfully. He has always voted in Fairmount Township, his first ballot being cast for Abraham Lincoln. In politics he is a Progressive Republican. For twelve years he served as road supervisor. He is a charter member of Beeson Post, Grand Army of the Republic. For many years he has been a member of the United Brethren Church. In May. 1861, he enlisted in Company H. Twelfth Indiana Infantry, serving with this regiment twelve months. For meritorious conduct he was promoted to sergeant. Returning home in 1862 he organized a company of infantry and was elected captain. ^^ hen he called upon Governor Oliver P. Morton to tender his services and arrange for his commission, the Governor suggested that he remain at home for duty in Grant County. Accordingly, Smith formed a company of Home Guards, known as the Fairmount Militia Company, composed of one hundred volunteers, and on July 16, 1863, was given a commission for four years as captain of this company. The Home Guards did duty in Fairmount Township during the period of the Civil War, the organization disbanding in 1865, with the close of the Rebellion. The members of the company, so far as Captain Smith is able to recall them from memory, follow :

Roland Smith Last Of The Old Tanyard

Above is an excellent picture of the finishing- room of the tanyard which stood at the northeast corner of Main and Second Streets, on the lot now owned by Victor A. Selby. The house was occupied for many years by Ben Thomas and his sister, Mina. The picture shows Ben Thomas standing in the foreground. Here the pioneers of the early day brought their cowhides and here they hauled oak bark and sold to the tanner at two dollars per cord. Tn the Garfield campaign, 1880, it was used as a voting place.

Many of the men named volunteered their services and were at the front in the Union army. In the fall of 1863 a dozen shots were exchanged between unknown parties and members of the Home Guard on the Jesse Winslow farm, now owned by Foster Davis, about a mile east of Fairmount. In 1862, Captain Smith was married to Miss Nancy Hasting', daughter of Carter and Elizabeth (Roe) Hasting, pioneers of Fairmount Township, where Mrs. Smith was born, in May, 1844. Eight children were born to this marriage, namely, Effie, Mary Elizabeth, Dailey Henley, Cora, Bertha, Thomas Edwin and Clista. Effie married H. E. Payne ; Mary Elizabeth married W. H. Underwood ; D. H. married Elizabeth Gimmer ; Cora married Lon Payne ; Bertha married C. B. Fry and Thomas Edwin married Grace Brattain.

I was a member of the Fairmount Militia Company referred to as the Home Guards for a short time in 1863, and while I belonged we took our equipment home with us. This equipment consisted, as I now remember it, of a Belgian musket, bayonet, cartridge-box and sixty rounds of fixed ammunition. Very few of this company had uniforms. They were boys from fifteen to sixteen and men from forty to fiftyfive, most of them clad in homespun, with straw hats made from straw plaited by mother, and now and then would be seen a coon-skin cap. Some one, whose name I do not now remember, would come to drill practice wearing a stovepipe plug hat. Several of the members had been in the service and had been discharged for disability or because of expiration of term of service, and had a fairly good idea of military tactics. The Belgian muskets with which they were armed were quite as dangerous to the man behind the gun as to the man in front. The boys at the front used to say that there was death at one end and six months' sickness at the other end of these weapons.

I am reminded that some time in June, 1863, I was ordered to report Avith my blunderbuss for immediate duty. We were drawn up in line and told that Fairmount was to be invaded and burned on that night. Details were made and a cordon of men established around the town. I was placed on duty southeast of town, in the shadow of a dense woods, situated on the farm which formerly belonged to James Tuttle, and told to shoot anything that approached me from the east or south. Captain Smith failed to relieve me during the night and I remained there from 6 o'clock in the evening until 7 o'clock the next morning. I never could quite understand the action of the captain in this matter, as I should have been reheved in two hours ; but perhaps the captain thought I mig'ht shoot him if he came my way in the darkness of the night. I think it perfectly certain that had any luckless liovinc or elm-peeler hog' strayed in front of me there \vouId have been an explosion and a hasty retreat, and I am not quite sure what other casualties might have ensued. I think it perfectly safe to say that the men who were suspected with intentions of making war upon your town were soundly sleeping in their homes, with no intention of doing harm to anyone while I stood there alone in the darkness.

I want to say in conclusion that some of these Home Guards had seen service and many of them went to the front and remained until the close of the War. The writer had seen service before and left this organization after some three or four months and again entered the service in the field. I am sure that I left my (luard equipment at the home of my father when I entered the volunteer service and never at any time had it in the Quaker Arsenal.

James Canimack, who came in the winter of 1848, built a saw-mill the following year on the ground at the southeast corner of Washington and jNIill Streets. Cammack had been induced by Iredell and Elizabeth Rush to come to Fairmount. They had lieen neighbors in Wayne Count)-. Indiana. In 1857 the saw-mill was owned by Albert and x\llen Dillon. Jonathan P. Winslow later i)urchascd the mill of the Dillons, and a grist-mill was started in connection. The two occujiied a frame 1)iiil(ling, the grist-mill using the lower floor and the saw-mill the upper one. Jn 1870, J. X. Wheeler & Company purchased the property of Winslow, and it was for many years successfully operated bv [. X. Wheeler and George \Y . Butler, his father-in-law. mider the firm name of J. X. Wheeler & Company.

In August, 1861, occurred the first jjig sensation that the people of the sparsely settled community had known. The boiler in a grist-mill exploded, scattering fragments of iron and I)rick and timber in every direction. The mill, which was located on tlie west side of Mill Street, just north of where Jesse Bogue's house now^ stands, had been built a few years before by Clayton and Isaac Stanfield and Thomas I.vtle. \Vard McXeir, of Anderson, known in that day as a trader, owned the mill. A man named Frank Brindle was the miller. John P.randon was the engineer and Hugh Finley was in charge of the mill.

It appeared that Brandon had neglected to keep the proper amount of water in the boiler, and the result of his carelessness was disastrous. The heavy balance-pea was sent by the force of the explosion to the creek bottom on Nathan Wilson's farm, a distance of a quarter of a mile. A piece of the boiler was blown a distance west of the creek on Daniel Thomas's farm. John Smith was passing- by at the time in a wagon with his son, William Smith. The father was struck in the head by a piece of brick and the sight of one eye was temporarily destroyed. Dr. Elliott was summoned to take care of Smith, the physician extracting particles of bone and brick from Smith's face. George Doyle, at the time, was conducting a grocery store in a frame building located at the northeast corner of Mill and Adams Streets. A fragment of the debris passed through this building, leaving a hole in its path 18x24 inches square. The mill was so completely demolished that it was never

"In the year 1861 the writer was standing on the front porch at the f. P. Winslow residence. Although I was only eight years old, I can remember the time well. It was a fairly warm, still day, in the afternoon. Everything was quiet. Some were taking their naps. The corner whittler had left his box and retired to the shade, when all at once a very loud noise was heard. It sounded as though there was a great earthquake, or a great volcano had broken loose on the banks of quiet Back Creek. I do not know how high I jumped, but I landed on my feet. I looked down Main Cross (now Washington) Street toward town, and I could see people running and coming from all directions. You should have seen this boy scooting into the house where my mother and Mrs. J. P. Winslow were. Mrs. Winslow said it nuist have been a keg of powder that had exploded at the store. My mother said she would o-uess it was the steam mill that had blown up. And she was right.

"If ever a mill blew up that one did. It stood a little south of where Van Arsdall's coal office now stands, on West Washington Street. The boiler blew up while the engineer was up town. If he had been attending to his business it might not have happened. The lower story was blown all to pieces, letting the roof down on it, making it look like a onestory building. It is a wonder no one was killed. The miller and one boy were in the mill. I do not know their names, as I did not live here then. I was visiting here for a few weeks. They were rescued from the mass of broken timbers, and, strange to relate, they were not dangerously hurt.

"l^nclc John Sniilli. Ii\in_i; soulli o\ tewu. had just driven U[) in front of the mill. A hrickhat strnck liini in the face and broke his jaw. 1 le was hnrt the w lU'st oi any. The pea off the safety-valve was thrown a loiiii' ilistanee. alii;htini;" in a field on the Jesse \\'ilson farm. C^nc end of the boiler fell into a pii;" pen. killing- two hogs."

Transportation Problem And Pioneer Merchants

"Hiey were compelled to go to Cincinnati for their supplies, such as coffee, salt, powder and lead. This was hauled in wagons drawn by four and six horses over all kinds of roads. They would start from the settlement with what barter they might have to sell, such as fur. ginseng', beeswax, tallow, dry hides, etc. This they would exchange for such goods as were really necessary - sIkjc pegs and boot and shoe lasts.

'Tf the men of Fairmount today could see the harness that the teamsters of the early days used they would wonder where all the leather came from. It took an able-bodied man to put the harness on a horse. The back band was frcjm six to eight inches wide. The hames were of wood, three to four inches wide, with high tops, on which bells were often placed. This was done by having an iron arch on which three bells w^ere fastened. There were staples driven in the hames to receive the arches. The collars were immense - leather, usually stuffed with corn husks. The bridles were very heavy with big blinds. The tugs were iron chains hc^used or covered with leather. The breeching was heavy to match the balance of the harness. A large leather housing went on the top of the collar, and this was for the protection of the horse's neck and shoulders.

"All harness and wagons were made at home. By this I mean they were made by local talent. A saddle was placed on the near, or pole horse, from which the driver directed the lead horses by a jerk line (a single line). An immense leather whip called a black snake was always to be found on the driver's saddle horn. This was used more as a reminder than to punish the horse.

"The wagons had wooden axles and wooden spindles. Pine tar was used as a lubricator. A bucket of tar was always found suspended from the coupling pole at the rear end of the wagon. A feed box was fastened on the rear of the wagon and a tool box on the front. The wagon was always covered to protect the contents. The men who drove these freight wagons usually calculated to reach a given point to stay over night, but if they failed to reach the desired point they would camp out, as they always carried feed and provisions for an emergency.

"In those days almost every house was open to the traveler. If but a one-room house, all were welcome as long as there was room to lie down.

"We have tried to describe the method of transportation in the early days of Fairmount Township. The farmers, however, as a rule, did not have many wagons or horses. The ox team was used because they cost less and were better adapted to clearing the immense forests. There were no harness to buy, nothing but a yoke and a log chain. A team of oxen could be driven where a team of horses could not go with safety. An ox team was perfectly reliable except when thirsty. An oxwould go to water at any cost. Often, in cases of necessity, a cow would be broken and used as an ox, as well as supplying milk for the family.

"When we moved to Fairmount Township carriages were scarce. In fact, I do not now remember one. No doubt there were a few, but I failed to recollect it. Most people went horseback or on foot. Saddles were not plentiful. You would often see a sheep skin fastened on with a surcingle. A young man who was fortunate enough to have a saddle horse thought nothing of going to call on his sweetheart, and, if there was cliurch, spelling school or any other social function that she wanted to attend the}' ^vould go. The young lady would be mounted behind the young man and they would strike out, care free."

I have read with much interest the contribution of T. B. McDonald describing early transportation facilities. I think the Wabash and Erie Canal was built in the thirties, writes J. M. Hundley. I know the canal had been in operation many years before the Indianapolis & Bellefontaine (or Bee Line) Railroad came to Anderson, and this was in 1852.

The Pan Handle (or Pennsylvania) Railroad came to Anderson in 1856. Many men now living will remember that there was no railroad in Grant County during the Civil War, and that soldiers going to the front were transferred in wagons to Anderson, where they took cars for the State capital. What would our military authorities of today think of that kind of mobilization?

I think that for many years after the railroads came to Anderson the farmers of Fairmount Township hauled their wheat to Wabash, probably because the cheap transportation afforded by the canal enabled the buyers to pay a better price for this commodity. Sure I am that this was the chief market, and quite well I remember of having made the trip with my father and some of his neighbors. It required three days to make the round trip, and they generally went four or five teams together, so they could splice and pull up llic liills. especially

Deer Creek hill, just this side of Marion. The first day they would drive to the Indian village and camp. The next day they would drive to Wabash or Lagro, dispose of their grain, do their trading, and return to the place where they camped the night before. On the third day they would drive home.

I wish to speak of one of the primitive methods of transportation - "The Mill Boy of the Slashes," and his gray mare. I have no reference here to the historic character distinguished by the above sobriquet whose life and character your schoolboys and girls will no doubt recall. I have reference to the Hoosier boy, who, mounted on the gray mare with a bag of shelled corn under him, rode through the slashes of Fairmount Township to mill.

It was in January, 1861, and the weather was intensely cold. The slashes were covered with a coating of smooth ice. I then lived on the John Eaton farm, near what is now Hackleman. It was necessary to go to mill at Little Ridge, some two or three miles away. The road was an angling track through the woods, following the high ground in ordinary times to keep out of the water, and at this time to keep off the ice. I was mounted on the gray mare with a bag of corn, and in due time reached the mill, which was, I think, operated by Joel B. Wright, an honored and long time resident of your city.

When I reached the mill a number of Hoosier lads had preceded me, and I was compelled to await my turn, which came after the sun had gone down and darkness was approaching. The jolly miller put my grist (I mean the corn meal) on the mare, and me on top of it, and I started for home. I got along quite well until darkness came and I reached the ice in the woods. The mare missed the wav, got on the ice and slipped and fell with me and the bag of meal. Fortunately, I was not injured, but my plight can better be imagined than realized. There I was, in the dense woods, in the bitter cold, surrounded by darkness, and unable, for want of strength, to put my meal back on the mare.

I was crying, bitterly, when there came to my aid a good Samaritan, Eli Smook, a pioneer preacher, who was passing through the woods and heard my cries and came to my rescue. He put my meal on the mare, mounted me on top of it, and led the mare to high ground and safety. I reached the cabin in the clearing about nine p. m., and after a good supper of mush and milk was ready to forget the hardships of my adventure.

early day, this being- their occupation in i860 to 1865. Reck brought the remains of the first Union soldier home from the War on the cold New Year in 1864. The body was taken to the residence of John Smith.

As some indication of the severe weather it is stated that this was the first time in his career that Walker Winslow left the harness on his horses all night for fear they would be so stiff from freezing as to make it impossible to harness the horses next day.

In 1866 David Baldwin commenced hauling freight from Anderson, which was then the nearest shipping point. He used a two-horse wagon. In 1868 the Pan Handle was l)uilt to Harrisburg. This being then the nearest railroad station, Baldwin continued to transport freight by wagon from that point, until 1872. During this year he met with an accident which left him a cripple for life. In 1873, J. W. Patterson, nephew of Baldwin, quit school and at the age of thirteen succeeded his uncle in the work. Patterson continued to haul merchandise from Harrisburg until 1875, when the Cincinnati, Wabash & Michigan Railroad was luiilt to Fairmount, this line then taking over the freight business. In. 1875 Patterson purchased a dray outfit and continued to carry on this business in Fairmount until 1878, when he sold the dray line to Eli J. Scott and Uriah Ballard.

Before the Civil War O. H. P. Carey owned and operated a stage coach for passengers and freight between Marion and Anderson. His drivers were Coon Slagle and Caleb May. These men were occasionally relieved by Thomas Hobbs and Henley Winslow. They changed horses at Johnny Moore's, just north of Summitville. at a point called Wrinkle. Upon the outbreak of the war Carey volunteered his services, becoming in a short time the colonel of a regiment. He sold his stage coach to Rode Hammill.

About the same year a stage line was established and in operation on the State road from Marion to Muncie. This line changed horses at Wheeling.

About i860 Walker Winslow bought the stage of Hammill and continued the business. It was not a great while before he owned two Concord stages. One he named ".\rtemus Ward," after the famous humorist, and the other he called the "Lincoln." In those days it required four horses to pull the load, and occasionally, in bad weather, it required six.

In 1861 Winslow secured a contract fr<»in the Government to carry the mail. The compensation agreed U])on for this service was three hundred dollars a vear, and his mute was from Marion to Anderson.

While the. work of carrying the mail was important, Winslow soon discovered that the profitable part of his business was the transportation of passengers and express between these points. The coach left Marion every Monday morning, and he made three trips to Anderson every week. The stage would comfortably accommodate twelve passengers, but he has hauled as high as twenty-four when travel was heavy.

Winslow handled large sums of money by express and never lost a dollar. Upon one occasion he had charge of thirty-five thousand dollars in gold and silver, which was billed to Jason Willson's bank, at Marion.

At that time but nine miles of the thirty- four lying between Anderson and Marion were piked, and it frequently required eight hours to cover the distance between the two towns, with six . ^ , , t-i- , 1 /tt 1 ^ ty, North Carolina, January 16, 1827. With his parents he came to Fairmount Township and resided here unless time. The old corduroy roads til his death, except for a brief time

-^ passed m Mmnesota and Iowa, the became at times almost impassable, minutes of Back Creek Monthly Meet- In such an emergency as this he j,"^ of Friends show that on Septem- '^ - ber 19, 1840, a certificate was received would be compelled to leave his for John Winslow and sons, Jesse H., the first news of President Lincoln's assassination into Marion, and I can tell yon it was a sorry task for me. People along the route became so excited that frequently men mounted horses and galloped ahead of mc for miles, spreading the news to their neighbors.

"In coming through Alexandria that day a big soldier was occupying the seat b}- my side, and upon reaching the main part of town I called out to the waiting crowd that I had sad news for them, imparting the information of the President's death. The words were scarcely uttered before a man in the crowd shouted :

"The Union soldier, angered, looked at the man a minute, then crawled down from his seat, and, grabbing him by the throat, fairly hissed into his ear that he and several other passengers in the stage had just come from the South, where they had been very busy shooting such reptiles as he was, and that if he did not get down on his knees and apologize and give a loud cheer for the American flag he would kill him in his tracks. The man fairly groveled in the dirt at the soldier's feet and gave a lusty hurrah, as instructed. This action undoubtedy saved his life."

I have read all the articles in the "Making of a Township" with great interest, as I remember so many of the things mentioned in the write-up. It brings back memories of long ago, of friends that have gone beyond, till it occasionally makes one homesick for yc olden times.

If my father, IT. W. Winslow, was living, he could give you many thrilling accounts of his life during the War, as he drove the stage coach from Marion to Anderson. He carried the United States mail, also passengers, for that was the main transportation in those days. It was he who brought the War news. He carried The Indianapolis Journal and sold them readily at ten cents a piece. He always carried a brass horn on the stage, which he blew when about a mile from town. Then tlic men would gather, ready to get the ])apers for the War news. He would get into Fairmount at i or i 130 p. m., when the roads were good. Then he would change his team, which consisted of four horses, and get the other driver started on to Marion. He would stay there till the next morning, gather up the passengers (for they would leave word

Father was the first person to burn a coal oil lamp in Fairmount. A\'hen thev came to Anderson he bought one, and when he got home with it people came in to see it burn. They were afraid of it. for fear it would explode. Then he was the first person to burn natural gas after it was drilled in at Fairmount.

In reading the article about David Stanfield I well remember being at church one day when he was the only one who preached, and his ^sermon was this :

(Editor's Note. - Mrs. Jones is the daughter of Walker Winslow and the widow of Capt. John F. Jones. Mrs. Jones lived through the trying times of the Civil War, when most Fairmount people had relatives or friends at the front. It was a period of great' anxiety. As the fortunes of war would shift from time to time, and the destiny of the Nation seemed to be hanging in the balance, interest was intense. Walker Winslow was a prominent figure in those days. He was the principal means of communication and the only medium of news which connected the great outside world with the isolated settlement in the wilderness.

In 1896, when promoters first began to talk about building an Interurban line to connect Marion and Anderson, the scheme was put down as a foolish project, fantastic, chimerical and visionary, the dream of a poetic mind.

A meeting was called of men interested in the matter at the Claypool Hotel, in Indianapolis. There were present at this conference Noah Clodfelter, William R. Pearson. Dr. Sullivan, Dan Mustard, Burr Sweetser, John H. Winslow, V. C. Quick and Harvey Painter. Three New York financiers met with this party. Arrangements were made with a New York Trust Company to underwrite $500,000 worth of bonds to begin the work of construction. The conditions arising from the panic of that year rendered it impossible for the Trust Company to sell the bonds.

This man's father was a Wall Street capitalist. An attorney and one other representative of the Iowa people were sent to inspect the routeof the proposed line. After going over the ground carefully these men returned to Chicago and reported the prospects first class. The President of the Iowa Company went to New York to see his father regarding the matter and the father turned down the proposition on account of the financial stringency then generally prevailing.

The Clodfelter Power House

All that remains of the equipment bought by Noah Clodfelter, original promoter of the Interurban line between Marion and Summitville. This old building stands on the Jonesboro and Fairmount turnpike, opposite Park for. Immediately upon the consummation of this deal. William R. Pearson went to Cleveland, Ohio, wdiere seventeen carloads of rails were purchased to begin construction work. While at Cleveland Mr. Pearson received a telegram to return at once. Upon his arrival home announcement was made that a proposition had been submitted by INTr. McWhiney, Eli and Charles W. Halderman and Phil Matter for the purchase of the property, the proposition having been accepted. These men financed the enterprise, and in 1898 the line was opened for passenger traffic between Anderson and Marion.

Other merchants of the early day were Joseph Hollingsworth, Isaac Stanfield, Aaron Kaufman, Paul Williams, William and Vincent Wright, Solomon Parsons, George Doyle, Skid Home, Seaberry Lines, Henry Harvey, J. P. Winslow, Micajah Wilson, Harmon Pemberton and Robert Bogue, Milt Crowell, Eph Wilson, John Busing, Joshua Hollingsworth, William P. Osborn, A. D. Bryan, Charlton Thomas, Nathan Johnson, John Lillibridge, Thomas Baldwin, B. S. Payne, Mrs. Maria Hollingsworth, Charles W. Hasty, Frank Norton, A. P. Harvey,

The Old Swimmin' Hole

William Azbel, proprietor hotel ; Enoch Beals, grain dealer ; Henry Charles, physician; Asa Carter, carriage and wagon maker; Foster Davis, justice of the peace; W. J. Dove, miller; William S. Elliott, farmer and tile maker; Alpheus Henley, physician: John B. Holhngsworth, monument dealer; Cyrns Haisley, farmer; Jabez H. Moore, retired farmer and mechanic ; Eli Neal, farmer and Townshi]i trustee ; jNIaj. B. \*. Norton, farmer; Thomas j. Parker, dealer in I)oots and shoes ; Samuel Radley. farmer ; Aaron Taylor, farmer and teacher ; James Underwood, farmer; J. P. AA^inslow. merchant and county commissioner; Jesse E. Wilson, farmer; John Wilson, eni^ineer ; H. H. Wiley, proprietor planing- mill ; C. A. Wood & Son, proprietors stave factory ; Lewis Moorman, retired farmer, and Joel B. Wright, farmer.

Joseph W. Baldwin, son of Daniel and Christian (Wilcuts) Baldwin, was l)orn in Wayne County, Indiana. January 13. 1818. He came to Fairmount l^jwushi]) in the fall of 1833, Avith his parents. His father entered land on December t6, 1833. When he became of age his father gave him eighty acres of land, then in the woods, nowowned by the heirs of Perry Scale. Jose])h immediately jjut out a deadening- and built a cabin. On A])ril 15. 1840. he married Lydia jane Stanfield, a daughter of his neighbor, David Stanfield. They moved on the land and proceeded to make a farm, w here he lived for some years, and where three of his children were born. When thev moved into their cabin there was an unbroken wilderness for inrm\ miles directly west of them, and from that direction lhe\' could bear the wol\-es howl almost any night.

land a]id clearing tiie forest. 'Hie ]K'o]-)1c soon began to tliink of public improvements: but no ])rophet. or son ot a pro])bet, bad yet given the ])rojected village a name. Joseph W. I'.aldwin was getting a little tired of the slow ])rogress of farming and concei\-ed the idea of

About this time James Cammack arrived upon the scene, lookingfor a location to erect a steam saw-mill. Previous to this date there was no mill nearer than Jonesboro, about five miles distant, where the good people could get lumber for buildings.

The heavy forest of fine saw timber and the growing settlement of a good class of citizens made a very favorable impression upon Mr. Cammack. At a called meeting of the citizens of Fairmount and surrounding community to ascertain the feeling and the support that would be given such an enterprise, the Township was well represented. Cammack made them a proposition that if they would sell him a piece of ground on which to locate a mill and dwelling, and guarantee a certain number of logs to be on the ground when the mill was ready for operation, he (Cammack) would build and operate the mill.

Cammack's proposition was so much more favorable than was expected that the citizens were jubilant over it and a contract was soon entered into by David Stanfield offering to sell a mill site on his north line and Jonathan Baldwin offering to sell him a piece of ground on his south line for a residence building.

At this date the county road east and west had not been opened out and the travel was on the line between Jesse and Nathan Wilson's farms. They realized that work must be done at once or they could not even establish a cross-roads postoffice or blacksmith shop. Consequently, the people and road supervisor got busy and established that road and laid a corduroy and bridge over the creek, which at times reached from Rush Street to near Mill Street, a regular bog, set with willow maple, ash and buttonwood shrub. Long before Cammack had his mill ready to cut lumber his contract with the people for saw-logs was filled and duplicated.

John Bull had come over from England a short time before, bringing a bag of gold with wdiich to buy land. Accordingly, Joseph struck Bull for a trade. Baldwin sold out to Bull and got his money all in cash. He at once proceeded to put up a small frame house (hauling his lumber from Jonesboro) on the corner where the Borrey block now stands. In this house he fitted up a room in the southwest corner for dry goods and groceries. He procured the assistance of Thomas Jay, a merchant of some experience from Jonesboro, to help him in the selection of his first stock of goods, and w^as soon established as the first citizen and first merchant of the village. Here he made some money, but when competition got too sharp and the patronage divided uj). he

Nathan W. Edwards, for more than thirty years a leading citizen and successful business man of Fairmount, was a native of Madison County. He was born near Alexandria. October zy, 1847, ^"<^^ '^^^d at his home in Fairmount, May 24, 1910. Peter Edwards, his paternal grandfather, was one of the early pioneers of Madison County and the first citizen to build a brick residence in his neighborhood. During those primitive days in the wilderness the builder and owner of a brick house usually marked its possessor as a man of substantial taste and discrimination and he was regarded by his neighbors as a person unusually thrifty and prosperous.

Henry and Thurza (Ellis) Edwards were natives of North Carolina. They were parents of eight children, namely, Wesley and Benson, both of whom died of injuries received in the Union army during the Civil War ; Granville, Orville, Nathaniel, Mary, Isabelle F. and Nathan W.

The latter years of his life were spent by Henry Edwards at the home of his son, in Fairmount, where he passed away August 21, 1900, at the ripe old age of eightysix years. Though stricken with total blindness during the latter part of his life, he remained cheerful and optimistic to the last day, an example of patience and fortitude. Mrs. Thurza Edwards died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. William Tilden, in Miami County, in 1887, at the age of sixty-seven years.

Nathan W. Edwards

Nathan W. Edwards was educated in the common schools of Madison and Starke Counties, and also attended Richmond Business Colletje. He taug'ht a number of terms in Starke and Madison Counties. He gave up the teaching profession for a business career and entered a drug store at Alexandria. He later owned and managed drug stores at Rigdon and El wood. Tn 1877 he bought the Pioneer Drug Store of Dr. P. H. Wright and made Fairmount his home. Tn ])olitics he never wavered in his support of the Republican party. Tn recognition of his capacity and fitness for the position, voters of T^airmount. in 1881, elected Mr. Edwards Town Clerk and Treasurer. He served in this office as the practically unanimous choice of citizens from July, 1881, to ]\Tay, 1887, almost six years. On Ji^me 9, 1890, in appreciation of good work performed as Clerk and Treasurer, he was unanimously elected for a term of three years as member of the School Board, an office he filled with excei)tional diligence and abilit}- for many years, until June 21, 1909, when he was forced by failing health to resign the position. He was succeeded on the Board b}- his son, Xen H. Edwards, who filled out his father's unexpired term.

N. W. Edwards served as receiver for Rau Bros., and for a brief time was connected with the reorganization of the Farmers" and Merchants' State Bank. The exactions and confinement of this work w'ere not suited to his tastes or desires and he relinquished his connection with the institution. He was at one time a member of the Ivnights of Pythias and the Tndependent Order of Odd Fellows orders. He was affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church, having served as one of the trustees and a member of the official board.

On May 21, 1879, ATr. Edwards was married to Miss Lenora (lalloway, born at Ogden, Henry County, Tndiana, ATarch 6, i860. Her parents were Trvin and Jeannetta (Daniels) Gallowav. They were parents of five children, namely, Frank (deceased), T"".lmer, T^enora, 'Alice and Ella, the latter deceased. Nathan AW and I.enora (Galloway) Edwards were parents of three children, namely, Xen H., who married Miss Ethel I larvey, January 15, i<)(\s: Gladys, who married TJurl AA'. Co.x, June 2/, 1907, now residing at .Alexandria, and b'orrest. who resides with her mother in h'airmount.

Nathan AA''. Edwards was always interested in the welfare of the community, and was especially efficient in his efforts on behalf of improved educational facilities. He was among the first to see the need of higher learning, where boys and girls who ])assed out of the grades might have a chance without leaving home for increased knowledge and additional equipment for the life before them.

Chapter Xxvii

DR. ALPHEUS HENLEY, last survivor of that period when physicians of Fairmount Township rode horseback to see their patients and carried their medical supplies in saddle-bags, was born in Randolph County, North Carolina, July 21, 1836. His parents, Phineas and Mary (Bogue) Henley, came to Fairmount Township the following year. They were natives of North Carolina, where they were born in 1802. Dr. Henley's paternal grandparents were John and Keziah (Nixon) Henley, natives of Randolph County, North Carolina : the maternal grandparents were John and Lydia Bogue, natives of Perquimans County, North Carolina.

The Henley family is of English origin, and as far back as their history can be traced they were prominent members of the Society of Friends. The progenitor of the family in America was Patrick Henley, who came to this country in the Seventeenth century and located first in Philadelphia, subsequently removing to North Carolina, where several generations of the family were born.

Phineas Henle}' entered land, in 1837. one mile and a half northwest of Fairmount, this land now comprising a part of the Alice Thomas farm. Here a cabin was built and a clearing made in the wilderness. Here his family of five children was reared, and here Dr. Henley grew to manhood, attending school in winter in the primitive log school house of that dav, with its slab benches and broad fireplace.

In 1857 Dr. Henley, in company with Nixon Rush, went to Coffey Countv. Kansas, where they entered a claim and lived two years, securing title to same. Dr. Henley did his part during those border ruffian days in the West to pave the way for the admission of Kansas as a free State. He was the first man to join Capt. David L. Payne's enterprise to settle Oklahoma.

In 1859 Dr. Henley returned to Fairmount, entering Bloomingdale Academy, Indiana, with the intention of preparing himself for a professional career. In 1862 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. David S. Elliott. In 1863 he was a student at Michigan University, Ann Arbor. In 1865 he graduated at Sterling University, Columbus, Ohio. In the fall of 1864 he entered the Union army as an assistant surgeon and was stationed at Indianapolis.

At the close of the War Dr. Henley returned home and commenced the practice of medicine in Fairmount. For forty years, with the exception of one year spent in Oklahoma (1870) as Government surgeon for the Cheyenne and Apache Indians, being stationed at the time at Darlington Post, he followed his profession in Fairmount Township. As a physician he rose rapidly in popularity and grew in the confidence and respect of the people, reaching a position in the esteem of his neighbors and acquaintances which he uniformly maintained throughout the entire period of his extended active professional life.

During the many years of his busy life Dr. Henley was always prompt to respond with his energy and his means to all well directed efforts intended to advance the industrial, business, educational and religious movements worthy of support. All his life he has been a member of the Society of Friends.

Dr. Henley has served as President of the Town Board, President of the School Board and President of the Board of Trustees of Fairmount Academy, an institution he helped materially to establish. He is a member of the Grant County Medical Society, of which organization he has served as President, a member of the Indiana Medical Society and of the American Medical Association.

Dr. Henley has led a long and honorable career. His kindness of heart, his thoughtful regard for the welfare of others, his helpfulness by counsel and in substantial assistance given, his interest in many struggling young people and his exemplary personal and domestic life have been an inspiration to hundreds of people in this community. Can more be said of any man who has attained to his years ? The writer does not deem it always wise to reserve kind words for the obituary, and so in this instance we pay our tribute to the living. While in order to escape the rigors of our Northern climate, he has for the past few years maintained a home in the Southland, Dr. Henley is nevertheless affectionately regarded by our people here at his old home as Fairmount's grand old man.

Dr. Davjd S. Elliott

Native of Deep River, Guilford County, Xorth Carolina, an early I'^airmount physician who practiced medicine here during the years 1858 to 1867. He was a brother to J. Nixon Elliott. It was in the office of Dr. Elliott that Dr. Alpheus Henley commenced the study of medicine. In the spring of 1864 Dr. Elliott went with other Fairmount men to Wabash to enter the Union Army as a surgeon. While quartered at Wabash he met with an accident which resulted in permanent injuries, from the effects of which he died. He continued to reside in Fairmount, doing an office business, as his health permitted, until the spring of 1868, when he removed to Richmond, Indiana, with his wife and only daughter, Miss Hettie Elliott, and lived in W^ayne County imtil 1869. when he passed away, at the home of his parents. Elias and Martha (Sanders) Elliott, at the early age of thirty-six. At the time of his death Dr. Elliott was President of the Grant County Medical Societ}\

Not only has Fairmount Township been the home and the field of work for many physicians who have passed on to their final reward as well as members of the profession now located here, but the community has supplied to other cities and towns members of this noble calling" who received their elementary education in this* Township. Among those to be mentioned are a few who have been notably successful. Dr. Etta Charles, of Alexandria, Indiana, lived in Fairmount many years and attended the common schools here. She is a daughter of Dr. Henry Charles, Friends minister as well as a physician. Her paternal grandparents were Samuel and Sarah Charles, and her maternal grandparents were Elijah and Ann (Ptickett) Jack.son. Her parents were Henry and Olive Ann (Jackson) Charles, the father born in \\'ayne County. Indiana, August 10. 1822, died jul\ 17, 1884: the mother was born in Randolph County, Indiana, in 1828. and died on .\pril 12. i86g. Dr. Etta Charles matriculated at the Woman's ^ledical College. St. Louis, and in 1895 she received her diploma. On June 10, of that year, she located at Summitville, and remained at this point nntil November 13, 19 13, at which date she located in Alexandria, where she has prospered in her chosen profession. Dr. Charles is a member of the Madison County Medical Society. Indiana State Medical Association. Eighth District Medical Society and the American Medical Association. She has served the Madison Comity Society as President and also in the capacity of Secretary for four years. She has read many papers before her State, District and County societies, besides contributing valuable articles to important medical publications. Dr. Charles is examining physician for the Woman's Auxiliary of the Modern Woodmen of America, known as the Royal Neighbors of America. She is one of a very few physicians who has discovered a case of typhus fever in an inland town. In the midst of her busy life she finds time for club work and is an active member of the Ladies' Art Circle and of the Riley Club, of Alexandria, and an honorary member of the Priscilla Club at Summitville.

Dr. Calvin C. Rush, son of Nixon and Louisa (Winslow) Rush, resides in Philadelphia. Born on February 16, 1876. he attended the public schools of Fairmount, and graduated from Fairmount Academy in 1894; received from Earlham College the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1900; graduated from Haverford College in 1901 and from the Aledical Department of the LTniversity of Pennsylvania in 1907. At present Dr. Rush is taking a post-graduate course in the Polyclinic Hospital and Wills' Eye Hospital, Philadelphia. Dr. Rush was located at Portage, Pennsylvania, from 1909 to 1916, where he met with considerable success, retiring from the general practice and taking up his residence in Philadelphia, in November, 1916. He is a stockholder in the First National Bank of Portage. He was a resident physician in the L^niversity of Pennsylvania Hospital from 1907 to 1909. Dr. Rush is a member of the Pennsylvania Medical Association and the American Medical Association. He is a member of the Society of Friends. Dr. Rush was married to Miss Annette Johnson, at her hoiue in Fairmount, on June 20, 1910. She is the daughter of Barclav and Sylvia Anna (Lindley) Johnson. Dr. and Mrs. Rush are parents of three children, namely, Sylvia Louise, born April 5, 191 1 ; Norman J., born August 26, 191 3. and Eleanor, born March 16, 1916.

Robert Benjamin Jones, physician and surgeon, is located at Laporte. Indiana. Dr. Jones was born in Fairmount Township July 21. 1884. His paternal grandparents were Robert Jofies and wife, and his maternal grandparents were Amos and Nancy Thomas. David and Sallie (Thomas) Jones, parents of Dr. Jones, were both born in Fainuount

Township. Dr. Jones was educated in the schools of his native township, and graduated from Fairmount Academy, later receiving his degree of Doctor of 'Medicine from Indiana University School of Medicine. On July 23, HJ09. he located at Laporte, Indiana, where he has met with excellent success in his profession. He is a stockholder in the First National Bank at Laporte, Moore & Richter Lumber Company, Laporte, and the American Standard Motion Picture Company, Chicago. In politics Dr. Jones is a Democrat, and he holds a birthright membership in the Quaker Church. He is a member of Phi Delta Theta and Phi Rho Signa college fraternities, and also of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks at Laporte, Indiana. He is a member of the Laporte County Medical Society, the Indiana State IMedical Society and the American Medical Association. On March 26, 1910, Dr. Jones was married to Miss Mabel Child, daughter of Charles and Mary Child, at their home in Fairmount. Dr. and Mrs. Jones are parents of two children. Helen Marie Jones, born May 26, 1912, and Robert Benjamin Jones. Jr.. born September 12, 1916.

Thomas J. Carter, M. D., son of Robert L. and Mary (Rush) Carter, is a successful practicing physician at Wichita, Kansas. Dr. Carter was born in Fairmount Towaiship in 1876. He attended the Fairmount public schools, graduated from Fairmount Academy in 1897, received his degree from the Medical Department of Indiana University in 1902, and located in League City, Texas, in 1904. In June, 191 7, he removed from League City to Wichita. He served as President of League City School District and as a member of the Board of Education of Galveston County, Texas. Dr. Carter is a birthright member of the Friends Church. In 1900. at l*"airniount. he was married to Miss Sula Edgerton, daughter of Jesse and Sarah (Shugart) Edgerton, prominent residents of Grant County. Dr. and Mrs. "Carter are parents of three children, namely, Stuart R. Carter, born June 4, 1904; Esther H. Carter, born June 9, 1907; Willard E. Carter, born November 15, 191 1.

Others who have entered the profession and are attaining a large measure of success are Dr. Wilbur Lucas, of Pueblo, Colorado, and Dr. Eli Jones, located at Hammond, Indiana. Dr. Lucas is a son of former County Commissioner Thomas J. and Mrs. Amanda (Dunn) Lucas. Dr. Jones is a .son of David and Sallie (Thomas) Jones, both well known families of Fairmount Township.

was the third frame house built in Fairmount. The second frame dwelling was built by David Stanfield, on the northwest corner of Adams and Main Streets.

Hon. C. C. Lyons Mrs. Gladys Lyons Knight

William Hall was the first postmaster. In 1844 he had been elected class leader and then ordained a minister in the United Brethren Church. His duties as a circuit rider took him away from his home a large part of the time, and as he thought the work of the office was too arduous for his family during his enforced and many times prolonged absence, he gave up the office and turned it over to Joseph W. Baldwin, who kept it in his storeroom.

Others who served as postmaster since the days of William Hall and Joseph W. Baldwin may be mentioned Alex Henley, Al H. Johnson, Ephraim Smith, T. P. Latham, W. H. Campbell, J. D. Latham, C. D. Overman, C. C. Lyons, Miss Gladys Lyons, W. P. Van Arsdall.

estal)lisli a city near T.ake Galatia. The Mcssoii^cr was established as l)arl of a i)lan to propagate in a lar^c way the doctrine of Spiritualism. It was the first publication issued in h^airnKnmt Townshi]).

In necember. 1877, Joel Reece, who had been ])ublishino- 71ie Jonesbo j-o A e'i^'S. finding- that field unprofitable for a newspaper, moved his outfit in a wagon to I'ainnount and issued the first edition of The Fairmount XcK's. The (juestion of starting a newspaper t)ccui)ied the attention of business men for several weeks, and was discussed bv citizens, who held frequent meetings for the purpose of considering the matter. Among the active promoters of the enterprise were Robert Rogue. N. W. Edwards, E. X. Oakley. J. P. Winslow, and others. The pa])er was issued from a room in the rear of the second story of the Pioneer Drug Store. An old-fashioned Washington hand press, the nucleus of an equipment for the average country weekly in that day. was used to ]:)rint the first edition. Reece conducted the paper for about one year, when he sold his plant to Charles Stout and moved to Stafford Conntw Kansas, where he has since died.

For a short time William S. Seaford, who was a teacher in the Fairmount public schools, was associated with Stout in the publication of the paper.

In May, 1885, 7 he XeK's was taken over by Edgar M. Raldwin. who continued as the publisher until April. 1888, when the pro]ierty was ])urchased by Jack Stivers.* Stivers was in charge of the pa])er until. July. TQ03, when it was again taken over by Edgar ^\. P)al(lwin, who, assisted by his wife, ^fyra Rush Raldwin. has since been activeh- engaged in its management.

"J. Stivers, editor of 'flic I'ainnount XcZi.'s from .\i)ril, 1888, to July j8, 1903, was born at Pt. Isabel, Ohio, June 14, 1854. His father's name was J. M. Stivers, both parents being natives of Ohio, where the elder Stivers was a school teacher and surveyor. In 1S66, as a boy twelve years of age, J. Stivers came to Indiana and lived with his brother, Charles W. Stivers, at Liberty. Later, with his brothers, C. W. and Scott Stivers, he was for several years engaged in the newsj^aper business at Liberty and Brookville. In 1886 he went to Grass l^ake. Mich., and after two years of successful publication of a weekly newspaper at that point he came to Fairmount and purchased The Xczcs. Mt. Stivers' father was one of the early Prohibitionists of Ohio, when adherents of this cause were few and far between. During his editorial control of The Xezi's Mr. Stivers stood out boldly against the licjuor traffic in the face of the fact that there were at the time ten saloons in Fairmount, and he takes pardonable jiride in his aggressive and effective work against the liquor business. In politics Mr. Stivers is a Republican. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and has passed all the chairs of a subordinate lod.ge. He now resides in San I'rancisco, California, with his wife. His daughter, (ieorgia Dell, is married to J. L. Schlcimer. a n.ative of San Diego, Califdrnia.

Fairmount field with TJic Daily Journal, which flourished for several years, suspending publication in 1906. Several other newspapers have been started in Fairmount in the intervening }ears, with indifferent success.

James Chapman published The Index at Fowlerton from 1902 to 1906. Mr. Chapman discontinued The Index in order to assume charge of The Gas City Journal. The Index was succeeded by The Independent, and then by The Reviei^\ both publications at different times edited by Cal Sinninger. Sinninger was an aggressive writer; sometimes vitriolic in his utterances, and was noted for his independent views on religion, politics and business.

The first Cornet Band in Fairmount was organized in October. 1870, by Blanche Hockett. The first instructor was D. K. Elliott, who then lived at Anderson. The members of this band were Blanche Hockett, Walker Crowell, Dennis Montgomery, Cyrus W. Neal, Joel Puckett, Zep Gossett, Lsaac N. Gossett, Gilmore Hollingsworth, Lawrence IMcDonald, Will Carson, Henry Jeffrey, J. B. Hollingsworth and Wesley Hollingsworth. In that day the first-class bands that had wide reputations for the kind of music played were located at Indianapolis (The When), Peru, Noblesville and New Castle.

The next band was organized September 14, 1884, by William St. Clair. The members of this organization were J. W. Patterson, leader ; John S. Baker, John Montgomery, Dennis Montgomery, Orlando F. Baldwin, Gilbert LaRue, George Gibson, William Hollingsworth, Charles Hollingsworth, Pet Gift, William Galloway and Lewis Mittank. When Gen. John A. Logan spoke at Indianapolis, during the campaign of 1884. this band was assigned to the position of honor in the line of march, and escorted the speaker to the platform.

In December, 1904, Quinton LaRue organized the present Fairmount Band. Birney Allred, Walter Briles and LaRue met in the old light plant, on East Washington Street, for their first practice. Since this first meeting of the original members rehearsals have been held once, and many times twice, each week. The result of their persistent work is the splendid band which now is a credit to Fairmount. Prof. C. R. Tuttle was for several years the efficient instructor. The organization progressed rapidly under his direction. Prof. George L. P'ayson, of Alexandria, succeeded Professor Tuttle. Other members of the band at different times were Charles L. Kiefer, Leslie Davis, Burr Holmes, worth. Perhaps the most notable success is that of Dr. Carl D. Lucas, of Indianapolis. Dr. Lucas is a native of Jefferson Township, where he was born October 24, 1879. His paternal grandparents were Thomas M. and Mary Lucas, and his maternal grandparents were Thomas and Mary Dunn. His parents are Thomas J. and Amanda (Dunn") Lucas, the father having served six years as a member of the Board of (irant County Commissioners. Dr. Lucas attended the Fairmount public schools, and, in 1899, graduated from Fairmount Academy. In 1902 he received from the Indiana Dental College the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. For fourteen years he did general ]M-actice in the capital city, but since 1914 his practice is limited to oral surgery. Dr. Lucas is a member of the Indiana State Dental Association, Indianapolis Dental Society, Chicago Dental Society, Kentucky State Dental Association, Louisiana State Dental Association; Corydon Palmer Dental Society, Youngstown, Ohio; Associate Fellow of American Medical Association ; member American Institute of Dental Teachers ; member of National Dental Association, having held two offices in this organization ; Chairman and Supervisor of Operative Surgical Clinics in 1917 at National meeting in New York City ; member Scientific Foundation and Research Commission of the National Dental Association. In politics Dr. Lucas is neutral, exercising his own i^crsonal judgment as to candidates and measures appeal- ing to him for his support. He is a member of Fairmoiint lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, also of the Delta Sigma Delta fraternity. His skill and knowledge of his profession are recognized throughout the United States, and especially in Indiana, where he is best known. Dr. Lucas is lecturer at the Indiana Dental College on oral surgery, anatomy, histology and embryology and clinician at the Indiana Dental College in oral surgery. Dr. Lucas was married on June 29, 1910, at Arcadia, Indiana, to Miss Effa Jane Carter. They are parents of one son, Carl D. Lucas, Jr., born September 5, 191 1.

Other former Fairmount men who are practicing dentistry in different localities are Dr. Milo E. Ratliff, Cassopolis, Michigan ; Dr. Charles E. White and Dr. Trosseau Heck, at Indianapolis ; Dr. Mark Struble and Dr. Laurence Shaughnessy, at Chicago, and Dr. Will E. Ferree, at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Joseph W. Patterson, deceased, son of Dr. Philip and Mary (Baldwin) Patterson, was born in Fairmount, October 28, 1859. His paternal grandfather, William Patterson, was a native of Ohio and a veteran of the War of 1812 who, in 1830, came to ]\Iadison County, Indiana, and settled near Anderson, where he died. The father was born in Ohio, in 1825, was reared at Anderson, received his education in the old Franklin College, south of Indianapolis, and graduated from the Ohio Medical College, at Cincinnati, in 1846. He later took a course in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. About 1847 he located in Fairmount, then a sparsely settled community, where he practiced his profession for about eleven years. Soon after the death of his wife, in i860, he moved to Frankton, in Madison County, where he continued to live until his death, in November, 1870. Mary Patter- - ^j^ j -y^r pattERSON son was born in Wayne County, Indiana, December 21, 1825. She was a daughter of Daniel Baldwm, one of the early pioneers of the Township. Dr. J. W. Patterson's mother having died when lie was hnt five months old, he was taken into the home of David and Elizaheth (Coleman) Baldwin, by whom he was reared as one of their own. He attended the Fairmount public schools, during the summer months worked for his uncle, David, and early began to earn and save money as a plasterer and bricklayer with which to attend medical college. His ambition to be a doctor was gratified, and in 1889 ^""^ graduated from the Indiana Medical College with honors, being awarded the Taylor anatomical ])rize. He located in Fairmount the year of his graduation and commenced the practice of his profession, meeting with success. He served as health officer of Fairmount. He was a member of the Grant County Medical Society, Delaware District Medical Society, State Medical Society, and for two years President of the Harvey Medical Association of Indiana Medical College. In politics Dr. Patterson was a Republican. At twenty-one years of age he was elected justice of the peace ; he served several terms as member of the corporation Board of Trustees, suggesting the names adopted for the streets ; as President of the Board he advocated the installation of the water works ; was a member of the School Board for twelve years, giving loyal and efficient service to the educational interests of the community; on July 7, 1906, he was appointed a member of the (Jrant County Board of Examining Surgeons, a position he held at the time of his death. As a manifestation of the esteem in which he was held by survivors of the Civil War he was unanimously elected an honorary member of Beeson Post, Grand Army of the Republic. In 1883 he was married to Miss Moslen Pickard, daughter of Alexander and Mary I'ickard. They were parents of two children, namely, T-'red P., of Columbus, C )hi(), and Mrs. Charles E. Hutchins, of Marion, Indiana. The wife and mother passed away on April 28, 1896. On June 26, 1898, he was joined in marriage to Miss Ella Pearson, daughter of Henry and Minerva Pearson, this union proving to be a most congenial and happy one. Dr. Patterson died on December 26, 1913, aged fiftyfour years. His funeral, conducted at the Methodist Episcopal Church by Rev. H. S. Xickerson, was one of the largest ever held in Fairmount.

Chapter Xxviii The Water Works Locating Industries

IN 1883 Dr. A. Henley and Levi Scott, perceiving the need of local banking facilities, proceeded to organize the Fairmount Bank as a private institution. They purchased ground on South Main Street and erected a two-story brick building.

On June 24. 1886, the capital stock was increased to twenty-five thousand dollars and the bank was reorganized and incorporated under the laws of the State, and became known as the Farmers and Merchants State Bank, with Dr. A. Henley, President, and Levi Scott, Cashier. The directors met in 1887 and decided to increase the capital stock to fifty thousand dollars.

The institution continued -to operate successfully as the Farmers and Merchants State Bank until June, 1893, when the panic of that year brought disaster to many enterprises throughout the country, carrying this bank down in the general crash.

On July 15, 1893, the Citizens Exchan'ge Bank was organized with Nixon Winslow, President ; John Selby, Vice-President, and W. C. Winslow, Cashier. Other stockholders were A. A. Ulrey, John Scale, vSr., and William J. Leach.

On June 10, 191 1, this bank was reorganized and incorporated as a State Bank, with John Selby, President ; Charles F. Naber, A'lce- President, and Victor A. Selby, Cashier.

The Fairmount Banking Company was organized as a private institution on December 18, 1902, with Aaron Morris, President; John Flanagan, Vice-President ; R. A. Morris, Cashier, and C. R. Small, Assistant Cashier.

In 1905 the bank was organized under the laws of the State and the name changed to the Fairmount State Bank. John Flanagan was elected President ; xA.aron Morris, Vice-President, and R. A. Morris, Cashier. The present officers are W. F. Morris, President ; R. A. Morris, Cashier, and Tony Payne, Assistant Cashier.

On March 4, 1887, the Fairmount Mining Company was organized for the purpose of making explorations for natural gas. Other communities in Grant and adjoining counties had formed similar companies for this purpose, and the result? were such as to encourage local men

Levi Scott

Former prominent Fairmount citizen and business man, is a native of Wayne County, Indiana, where he was born January 21, 1846. His parents, Stephen and Mahala (Arnett) Scott, were among the pioneers of Liberty Township. Levi Scott passed the early years of his life working upon his father's farm, attending the common schools in winter. August I, 1863, at seventeen, he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Eighteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. At the conclusion of his service in the army he returned home, engaged in farming, and later in retail merchandising in Huntington County, in which he was successful. Disposing of his stock of goods he. purchased a farm near Pleasant Plain, and once more followed agricultural pursuits. In 1865 he was united in marriage with Miss Emily Davis, daughter of George Davis, of Liberty Township. They were the parents of twelve children, namely: Melissa M., Alvin B., Irvin, Arthur D., Lillie, Lemuel, Eliza A., Alonzo, Charlotte, Clelia, Elois and Harrison. Melissa, Arthur and Lemuel are deceased. The wife died in 1891. For his second companion he married Emily R. Hill, of Carthage, Indiana. Mr. Scott, in 1877, engaged in general merchandising in Fairmount, entering actively into the support with his means, his time and his influence of various enterprises promoted for the good of the community. In November, 1882, with surplus funds not otherwise invested, he established the Fairmount Bank, giving local people their first banking facilities. This institution did a general banking business, dealing in exchange, receiving money on deposit, discounting notes, etc. He built Scott's Opera House in 1884, with a commodious stage, scenery and all necessary equipment to accommodate the best theatrical troupes touring the smaller towns and cities of that day. The Fairmount I'ank was later reorganized under the laws of Indiana and became known as the Farmers and Merchants State Bank. The business grew as Fairmount increased in population and industry. In 1893, as the result of a lil)eral policy adopted by the bank toward the encouragement of local manufacturing enterprises, a policy which in time proved to be unwisely generous, owing to the panic of that year, the financial drain became too great for its resources and the institution was forced to close its doors. This action became necessary on account of the inability of the management to quickly realize on paper then in its possession. In 1896 Mr. and Mrs. Scott disposed of their interests here and moved to Missouri, then to Texas, and later to California, where they are comfortably situated.

Henley were the original stockholders. The Board of Directors consisted of Dr. A. Henley, President ; T. J. Nixon, Secretary ; C. R. Small, Treasurer ; J. P. Winslow, W. C. Winslow and Levi Scott. On March

John Selby

JOHN SELBY Is the son of Otho Selby, born in Pennsylvania, September 24, 1805. Otho Selby entered one hundred and sixty acres of land near Lake Galatia on May 30, 1837, subsequently, on August 20, 1838, adding by entry forty acres adjoining. Before he came to Grant County he had sold a tract of land in Franklin County, which he had entered there on August 14, 1834, this tract comprising eighty acres, southeast of Indianapolis. He owned the Fairmount Township farm until his death, February 16, 1881. Otho and Jane (Allen) Selby were parents of three children, John, Mrs. Sarah Smith and Mrs. Emma Compton. John Selby was born June 10, 1846. He attended the common schools and remained on his father's farm until fifteen years of age, when he learned the tinner's trade, following this vocation in Jonesboro and Fairmount. In 1864 he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Upon his return from the war Mr. Selby again engaged in the stove and tinware business, remaining in this line imtil he went back to the farm. In 1894, associated with others. Mr. Selby organized the Citizens Exchange Bank, with the late Nixon Winslow as President and himself as Cashier. June ID, 191 1, this bank was reorganized under State laws, the name changed to the Citizens State Bank, and Mr. Selby was selected to serve as President, a position he has filled acceptably ever since. The officers of this strong institution are: John Selby, President; Victor A. Selby, Cashier. Directors are John Selby, A. A. Ulrey and Charles F. Naber. Mr. Selby owns one hundred and seventy acres of the farm originally entered by his father. In politics he is a Democrat, and a member of the Congregational Church. He was married in 1874 to Miss Hattie M. Allen, born in Ohio in 1853. To this union two sons were born, nainely: Victor A., who is married and resides in Fairmount, and William A. Selby, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Victor A. Selby are the parents of two children, namely, Victor A., Jr., and Virginia.

Pursuant to instructions, Mr. Nixon contracted with W. A. Walley, of the firm of O'Neill & Walley, of Muncie. Mr. Walley placed Steve A. Irwin in personal charge of the work. The big derrick was speedily erected, equipment secured and operations commenced.

Ohio State Geologist, after much difficulty, succeeded in making a test of the pressure. He found that its flow was eleven million five hundred thousand cubic feet every twenty-four hours, or, in the language of

John Flanagan

I s a native of Preble County. Ohio, where he was born August lO, 1853. His father, James Flanagan, M-as born in County Mayo, Ireland, about 1820, came to the United States in 1848 and settled in Grant County in 1865. He died in 1880, at his home northeast of Fairmount. John Flanagan was educated in the common schools of Preble County, Ohio, and in Grant County, attending a Normal School later, teaching in winter and farming in summer. April I., 1879, he entered the mercantile business with E. N. Oaklej', a partnership which continued for three years. In April, 1882, he joined the firm of Henley & Nixon, grain dealers, and took over a grain elevator at Summitville, operating this enterprise under the name of John I'lanagan & Company, for one year. The same firm, Flanagan, Henlej'- & Nixon, bought the stock of merchandise at Washington and Main streets and conducted this store from 1883 to 1888, when the firm name was changed to Flanagan & Henley, Mr. Nixon having retired. The twostory brick building was bought in , i88y, and the business has continued at this corner ever since. In 1893 Mr. h'lanagan bought Dr. Henley's interests and he has since conducted the business as sole proprietor. In addition to his mercantile interests Mr. Flanagan owns considerable land. For six years he was President of the School Board. He was one of the organizers and for seven years President of the Fairmount State Bank; a director and Secretary of the Fairmount Mining Company, which put down several productive wells in the oil and gas districts of this section; President of the Commercial Club during the period of its greatest activity; President of the Fairmount Building & Loan Association for several years, and for many meetings of that organization he was an official of the Fairmount h'air Association. In politics Mr. b'lanagan is a Republican, and while not a member of any church he has always contributed liberally of his means to the support of all. He was married to Miss Sarah E. Winslow, daughter of Levi and Emily (Henley) W'inslow, on March 8, i860. Mr. and Mrs. Flanagan h;ive no children.

Robert A. Morris

Cashier of the Fairmoiint State Bank, was born at Milton, in Wayne County, Indiana, May i6, 1877. His paternal grandparents were George and Rhoda Morris, natives of North Carolina, and his maternal grandparents were Lewis W'. and Priscilla M. Thomas, Pennsylvania people. The parents of Robert A. Morris were Aaron and Martha M. Morris, the father, born at Milton, November 23. 1834, having died February 15, 1907. The mother (who was a direct descendant of Thomas Lloyd and Samuel Preston, both councilors of William Penn, Lloyd serving as first Governor of Pennsylvania), was born February 3, 183Q. and now resides at Pendleton. Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Morris were the parents of four children, namely: Louella Burdsall, of New York; W. F. Morris, of Pendleton, Indiana; Robert A. Morris, of Fairmount, and Elizabeth Lantz, of Pendleton. Robert A. Morris was educated in the public schools at Milton, his home, and at Earlham College. Early in life, at nineteen years of age, he entered the banking business, being associated with his father in the Pendleton Banking Company. In 1902, with his father, he came to Fairmount and assisted in organizing the Fairmount Banking Company, this institution being later incorporated as the Fairmount State Bank, under which name it is now doing business. Mr. Morris is a stockholder and director of the Pendleton Banking Company, of which concern he is President; director of the Citizens Telephone Company, and a director of the Fairmount Commercial Club. In politics Mr. Morris is a stanch Republican, and a member of the Hicksite Friends. He has served his party as Treasurer of the Grant County Republican Central Committee, and was a member of the Grant County Council. He is an active member of Fairmount Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, No. 635, having served the local lodge in all the chairs, being now a Trustee. On October 21, 1908, Mr. Morris was married in Fairmount to Miss Artie Suman, a native of Fairmount Township, and daughter of Harry and Rachel (Lewis) Suman, now residing at Hunter, North Dakota. Mr. and Mrs. Morris are the parents of one son, William Suman Morris, born January 2, 1913.

the flow of gas was harnessed and gotten ready for use. Excursion trains came loaded with passengers from every direction to see the well. In a few weeks, because of its enormous capacity, which was said to be greater than that of any other well in Indiana, it was given the name of Jumbo, so called after Barntnn's elephant.

The gas was finally put under control and piped, and the expense of light and fuel for many years did not exceed twelve dollars per year for each family for domestic purposes. Walker Winslow was the first man in Fairmount who introduced natural gas for cooking purposes, and it was not many months before its use was general among Fairmount people.

Attracted by the cheapness, cleanliness and convenience of the new fuel, several glass factories located in Fairmount. By the year 1890 the town began to increase in population and grow in industrial importance. In 1894 the census showed approximately five thousand inhabitants.

Foreign corporations, seeing the opportunity presented, began to lease land in the neighborhood. Lines were laid and gas was transported into Chicago by means of great pumping stations erected for the purpose. These stations pulled strongly upon the entire field, diminishing the supply, and finally exhausing the entire territory.

Far-seeing men wisely discouraged people from leasing land to outside syndicates, but the advice went unheeded and the pressure began to weaken and then gradually to disappear.

The discovery which promised at the outset to dot the gas belt with connecting cities eventually came to naught. There are now but few scattered families in this part of the State using natural gas.

The Board of Trustees of the corporation at this time consisted of Dr. J. W. Patterson, President ; ]\I. S. Friend, Jason B. Smith, William R. Pearson and Gabe Johnson.

Immediately upon his election as Trustee, Dr. Patterson began an agitation for water works. At first he encountered considerable opposition among citizens. However, after considering the matter with care, the Board decided to investigate the question. Dr. Patterson and William R. Pearson were named as a committee to make a thorough investigation and report back to the Board. The committee visited a number of towns, inspecting many plants and examining closely details relating to operation and construction. A public meeting was called. This meeting was held in Tarker's Opera House. It was addressed by Dr. Patterson, who made an exhaustive explanation oi ihc plans l)y which the svstem could be installed.

A petition was circulated calling for an election and the required number of signatures secured. The result of the election which followed showed a practically unanimous sentiment favorable to the proposition, there being but thirty votes registered in opposition to it. Work was started immediately after the bonds were sold, and the plant was soon in operation.

H. H. Wiley came from Jonesboro in 1876, and located a saw and planing-mill near the railroad, which he operated until he retired from active business.

In 1882 Cyrus Winslow and Lemuel Pearson bought the saw-mill which had previous to that time been owned and operated by Winslow, Pearson & Beidler. The mill was located north of Fairmount.

William S. Wardwell came to Fairmount in 1876 and took charge of the Woolen Mills,* which for many years had been operated previous to his arrival. Mr. Wardwell manufactured blankets and stocking yarn. He later moved the machinery to Converse, Indiana.

In 1878 C. A. Wood and son. Mark, built a stave factory east of the Big Four railroad. The business flourished. In the year 1879-1880 the factory dressed two million oil-barrel staves, made from timber obtained in this locality.

In 1881 J. P. Winslow and son, W. C. Winslow, bought the building vacated by the Woods and installed a flax-mill. The venture proved to be a profitable enterprise until people quit growing flax. The mill was then abandoned and the machinery shipped to Odebolt, Iowa.

The Cincinnati. Wabash & Michigan Railroad was constructed as far south as Fairmount in 1875. This station remained the southern terminal point until 1876, when the line was extended to Anderson. Jonathan P. Winslow and Jesse E. Wilson were active in promoting this railroad. The latter served as one of the directors for a time. A. G. Wells secured the contract for the construction of the road from Wabash to Fairmount. The line had previously been extended from Goshen to Wabash. In 1893 the Big Four Company took over the property, and since that year the road has been known as the Michigan Division of the Big Four. The property has since been acquired by the New York Central system, and is now operated by the New York Central people, having been extended to Louisville, Kentucky, on the south, from Benton Harbor, Michigan, on the north.

*The Woolen Mills occupied a two-story frame structure which stood at the southwest corner of First and Sycamore Streets. Prior to 1878 this industry had been owned and managed at different times by Vincent and William Wright, Jesse Reece and Elwood Haisley.

Matthews to Muncie. In 1898 it was extended from Fairmount to Swayzee; in 1899, from Swayzee to Converse, where connection was established with the Pennsylvania line to Chicago. In 1907 the road was taken over liy the Pennsylvania Company, and is now oj^eratcd by this company as a short line from Muncie to Chicago. The Chicago, Indiana & Eastern was projected by Harry Drew, manager of the Matthews Land Company, and the surveyor of the line was Frement Wilson, who was afterward elected Surveyor of Grant County. For a considerible period the line had headquarters in Fairmount, and the extension work west to Swayzee was largely carried on from the offices here.

Gilbert Larue

GILBERT LARUE Was one of the successful manufacturers and business men of Fairmount. He was part owner of a sawmill at the beginning of his career, excelsior. He installed in Fairmount property located withm Fairmount the first electric light plant, which furnished light for commercial and domestic use. Governor J. Frank llanly, impressed by Mr. LaRtte's reputation as a builder and practical mechanic, appointed him Superintendent of Construction of the Southeastern p.i-os. owned and operated a chair Hospital for the Insane, located at Madison. The building of this institution by the State involved an outlay of more than a $1,000,000. The buildings stand as an enduring monument to the skill and executive ability of Mr. LaRue, who was in personal charge of their construction. Mr. LaRue died in December, 1910.

was later converted into an excelsior factory. The enterprise prospered under the management of Mr. LaRue, who in the meantime had purchased his ^brothers' interests.

In January. 1885, Kimbrough Brothers established a saw-mill, wdiich operated for many years, supplying dressed lumber in large quantities to the Graham & Morton Transportation Company at St. Joseph, ]\richigan, owning and managing a line of vessels on Lake Michigan plying at that time between St. Joseph and Chicago.

The Fairmount Manufacturing Company was incorporated February 2, 1886, with a capital stock of three thousand dollars. This companv was organized for the purpose of manufacturing the Lancaster corn planter and ditching machine. The officers of the company were J. P. Winslow, President ; C. R. Small, Secretary, and Levi Scott, Treasurer. There were twenty stockholders.

In 1887 T. J. Xixon owned and operated the flouring mill located where Ulrey & Company's mill now stands. Mordecai Nixon was in personal charge of the mill.

In the same year T. J. Xixon and Dr. A. Henley composed the firm of Henley & Nixon, grain dealers, who carried on an extensive business among the farmers. This firm had, in 1881, purchased of Robert Bogue the grain elevators. New machinery was bought and installed and the equipment improved.

Jonathan P. Winslow and Enoch Beals. under the firm name of Winslow & Beals, in 1887. occupied the two-story brick elevator at East Washington Street and the Big Four Railroad. The building was erected in 1875. In addition to the grain business the firm handled salt, lime, hair, flour, etc. ,

Levi Scott and W. C. Winslow were appointed a committee to solicit donations of money to be expended in properly advertising the town and presenting its claims to the attention of parties desiring locations for factories and other suitable enterprises.

Dr. W. H. Hubbard and John Flanagan were selected by the Fairmount Improvement Committee to solicit donations in the way of real estate to be offered for the location of shops, factories or other industries that would be of benefit to the town.

Alvin 15. Scott

Manufacturer, is a native of Fairmount Township, ^jl;7^^,;,;f^7'T'^,^f;';" March 27, i868. His grandparents were Stephen and Mahala (Arnett) Scott an 1 George and Charlotte (Baldwin) Davis, and his parents fvere Levi and Emily (Davis) Scott. Alvin B. Scott was educated in the common schools of l<airmount Township.

In 1888 William H. Lindsey built a planing-mill and saw-mill. Afterwards, Lindsey and Julian Swaim owned a lumber yard under the firm name of Lindsey & Swaim.

In November, 1906, E. C. McKever, a representative of the T. A. Snider Preserve Company, arrived in Fairmount looking for a factory location. After he had satisfied himself as to the adaptability of the soil for tomatoes, coupled with the best class of farmers, who gave their earnest support, the Snider Company, at a special public meeting, made known their proposition.

The offer proved to be a satisfactory one, and it was speedily and successfully handled through the co-operation actively of a number of the leading business men, among them being Dr. J. W. Patterson, John H. Wilson, John Flanagan, E. M. Baldwin, Hill Brothers, R. A. Morris, James F. Life, Charles T. Parker, John Selby, Goldstein Bros., Xen H. Edwards, David G. Lewis, J. W. Parrill. and all the business and commercial interests of the community. The following named farmers contributed their part, which was considerable, toward the success of the enterprise : John W. Cox, W. V. Cox, Joe Shane, E. J. Seale, Nixon Rush, John H. Caskey, Hiram Harvey, Wick O. Leach, Elsberry Payne, Thomas Winslow, Joe A. Winslow, Harvey Trader, Charley McCoy, Will M. Jones and John L. Weaver.

Xen H. Edwards

Anujiig the younger element of successful Fairmount business men has chosen to remain at his old home and here make a career where he is l)est known, among his life-long friends and acciuaintances. Born in Fairmount, February 8, 1880, he attended the Fairmount schools and graduated from Fairmount Academy in 1897. In 1902 he received his degree of Bachelor of Science at De- Pauw University. Immediately upon his graduation from DePauw he returned home and engaged in the drug business with his fatlier, the late Nathan W. Edwards. Xen Edwards has been quite successful in the drug trade, and is now owner of the Pioneer Drug Store, at Upland, Indiana, and an equal partner in the Bailey- Edwards Drug Store at Alexandria. Indiana. During his student days at DePauw he was President of the State Oratorical Association and a member of the Glee and Mandolin Club, also an active member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. In politics, Mr. Edwards is a Republican, and has given much time to his party. He has served on the School Board. He is a member of Fairmount Lodge, No. 635, Free and Accepted Masons, and of Alexandria Chapter of Elks, No. 478. He is a member and Trustee of the Fairniount M. E. Church. He was Secretary of the Fairmount Fair Association at the time of its widest popularity, and his efficiency and energy were recognized when he was elected President of the Fairmount Commercial Club. Mr. Edwards has served as President of the Indiana State Rexall Club, and was Vice-President of the National Association of Rexall Clubs. On January 25, 1905,' he was married to Miss Ethel Harvey, daughter of Rev. Enos and Mary (Wilson) Harvey. To this union two sons, namely, Frederick and John Ethan, were born. Mr! Edwards owns a comfortable home on South Walnut Street, which is locally known for the hospitality extended.

It is largely due to the conscientious efforts of the Snider Company to comply with the i)lans originally laid down by them when locating in Fairmount, together with the co-operation of the farmers of Fairmount Township and the citizens of Fairmoimt, that the concern is enabled to fulfill all promises. This compau}- now pays out annually in the com-

The Commercial Club was organized in 1904. John Flanagan was elected President ; J. F. Life, Secretary, and R. A. Morris, Treasurer. The directors chosen were, in addition to the officers, Al Goldstein and John Rau. The organization did good Work for a time. The location

Washington Street

In 1884 the Fairmount Union Joint Stock Agricultural Association was organized. In the summer of that year the fairground was laid out on what was known as the Stanfield land, adjoining the corporation limits on the southeast.

The ground selected included a beautiful grove, which afforded plenty of shade and water, an open space on the south edge of the land making a splendid location for the race track.

The first fair was held in September, 1884,. the following officers being in charge of the meeting: Enoch Beals, President ; W. C. Winslow, Secretary; Levi Scott, Treasurer; M. S. Friend, Superintendent, and Philip Davis, Marshal.

The stockholders reorganized in 1904, the name was changed to the Fairmount Fair Association, and Dr. J. W. Patterson elected President ; John Flanagan, Treasurer ; Xen H. Edwards, Secretary, and Gilbert LaRue, Superintendent. These men infused new life and vigor into the association, which enabled the fair to go forward with added prestige and improved prospects.

Main Street

This company purchased the plant and equipment of the Fairmount Telephone Company, which at the time was tnulcr the management of Harry Miller.

Fairmount has about twent3-five miles of cement sidewalks and approximately five miles of brick streets. The business blocks are modern in arrangement and substantial in structure.

Chapter Xxix Seminary

MOVED by the urgent need of a secondary school in this locaHty, and inspired by the example set before them by the splendid work done at Spiceland Academy, where they had been students. Dr. P. H. Wright and wife and Samuel C. Cowgill and wife, in the year 1883, began to consider the possibilities of establishing such an institution in Fairmount.* The result of their meditations was communicated to others.

In December, 1883, at a business session of Northern Quarterly Meeting of Friends held at Back Creek, Jesse Hiatt arose at his place and suggested to the meeting that it take under consideration the proposition of establishing an academy. The suggestion was favorably received by those present.

A committee was appointed to consider the matter and make report of judgment to a future meeting. This committee consisted of Dr. Alpheus Henley, Joel B. Wright, Jonathan P. Winslow, Milton Winslow, Asa Bond, Elwood Haisley, Abel Knight, Henry B. Rush. Levi Hiatt, James M. Ellis, Enos Harvey, Nixon Winslow, Lewis Hockett, Samuel C. Cowgill, James L. Williamson, Willis Cammack. Mattie P. Wright, Louisa Rush, Eunice P. Wilson, Adeline Wright, Millie Little, Thirza Howell, Alary Bond, Sallie Harvey and Keziah Haisley.

On June 21, 1884, the committee reported that the location selected for the Academy consisted of three acres of ground twenty-two rods south of the public school grounds, which would cost six hundred dollars. The amount of money pledged by subscription reached the sum of four thousand dollars. Elwood Haisley, James M. Ellis, Thomas J. Nixon, Ivy Luther and Mahlon Harvey were named as a committee to look after the incorporation papers.

Jesse Haisley and Samuel C. Wilson, to serve one year ; Dr. P. H. Wright and Enos Harvey, to serve two years, and Abel Knight and William C. Winslow, to serve three vears, were elected Trustees.