Fairmount Township (part 1 of 10)

Fairmount Township

JOSEPH W. BALDWIN, retired farmer, Fairmount, was born January 13, 1818, in Wayne County, Ind. His parents, Daniel and Christina (Wilcuts) Baldwin, were natives of North Carolina, the former born December 30, 1789, his wife born November 11, 1793. They married in their native State in 1812, and in the fall of the same year came to Wayne County, Ind, where they entered land near Fountain City. In 1833 he removed to Grant County with his wife and a family of children. Here he purchased 160 acres of land, which comprised the greater part of the present town of Fairmount. He was a farmer, and remained in Grant County, devoting his time to agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred October 9, 1845, his wife surviving him till October 28, 1848. They were members of the Friends' Church, and highly esteemed citizens. Joseph W. came to Grant County with his parents in 1833, and has been a resident of the county ever since. He first engaged in farming, in which he continued successfully for eight years, when he sold his farm. He then engaged in general merchandise trade at Fairmount, it being the first store in the place. He continued in the mercantile business from 1848 until 1860, when he disposed of his store and purchased a farm near Marion, which he now owns. April 15, 1840, he was married to Miss Lydia Jane Stanfield, a native of Tennessee, born November 12, 1823. Her father was one of the early settlers of the county and a minister of the Society of Friends. The following children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin: Louisa J., born March 3, 1841; Minerva C., born August 4, 1843; Hannah H., born May 4, 1846, died June 17, 1870; George F., born January 8, 1849; Sarah A., born September 22, 1851; Arthur J., born June 7, 1854; Elizabeth E., born September 24, 1857, died August 6, 1860, and Morton, born August 19, 1861, died April 9, 1864. Mr. Baldwin is favorably known to the community as a citizen of sterling worth, a good neighbor and a social, genial friend. He identifies himself with the Republican party. His portrait is in this volume.

Biographical Sketches

MICAH BALDWIN, was born near Fountain City, Wayne Co., Ind., May 24, 1828, where he lived with his parents, Daniel and Christian Baldwin, until the fall of 1833, when he removed with the family, in wagons, to the portion of land where North Fairmount now stands. His father was born in Guilford County, N. C., December 30, 1789, and removed near to Richmond, Wayne County, in 1812. Micah's schooling was limited, having had no advantages for learning except by his own efforts. He married Miss Sarah Morris, daughter of Nathan and Mirriam Morris, in April, 1850. They removed to Deer Creek in the spring of 1850, where he engaged in milling with his brother Thomas Baldwin, and remained ten months, thence removed to Fairmount, where he was in the milling business, on present site of Wheeler's Mill; removed to Oak Ridge in 1853. At that place in 1855 he engaged in the mill business for two years, moved to west of Marion in 1857, on a farm now owned by William I. Smith. In 1859 he moved to Fairmount and engaged in the tanning business with Daniel Ridgeway. He has been here since 1859. Nathan Morris, his wife's father, was born in 1808, in South Carolina, moved to Wayne County in 1818; married to Marion Beebon in 1829; resided in Grant County until 1865; moved to Kansas, where he died in -1881; both were among the first settlers of the country; resided north of Fairmount.

EDGAR M. BALDWIN, editor of the Fairmount News was born in Fairmount, April 2, 1866. His parents are Micah and Sarah (Morris) Baldwin, both now living. The father was born in Wayne County, Ind., May 24, 1828. His father came to Grant County in 1833 and has made his home here ever since, having been raised on the farm. He continued on the farm until after his marriage. He learned tanning and shoe-making which he has followed most of the time ever since. He was married to a daughter of Nathan Morris, a pioneer of- the county, in April, 1850; she is a native of this county. Of their nine children seven are yet living. The grandparents of our subject were natives of the Carolinas. Edgar M. received a common school education in the schools of Grant County. In 1877 he began to learn the printer's trade in the office of the Fairmount News. He continued until 1880, when he went to New Vienna, Ohio, where he continued until the fall of 1882, except the winter which was spent in school in Fairmount.

At that time he went to Cincinnati and worked for a time in a daily newspaper office. After this he followed his trade in Indianapolis, Chicago, Philadelphia, and in October, 1883, went to New York City. He remained in the last place until January, 1885, and attended Cooper Institute during the evenings. He again spent a few months as a journeyman printer in Washington, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Lafayette and Chicago, arriving home in May, 1885. In the latter part of that month he succeeded Charles Stout as proprietor of the Fairmount News, a paper he has conducted with vigor and success ever since.

ENOCH BEALS, grain dealer, Fairmount, Ind. The subject of this sketch was born in Greene County, Tenn., October 14, 1541, and is of English and Irish extraction. He is a son of Abner and Serenia (Reice) Beals, natives of Tennessee, the former born in 1815, and his wife in 1813. He was a farmer and manufacturer of linseed oil, a stanch Union man, and, owing to his sentiments, was subjected to the cruelties that characterized the treatment of Union men during the civil war. He died in October, 1863. His widow afterward came to Grant County, Ind., where she died in 1876. Our subject passed the days of his boyhood and youth assisting his father on the home farm, and at the age of nineteen came to Grant County, Ind. In May, 1862, he enlisted in Company K, First Indiana Cavalry, and took an active part in the following battles: Bull Run, Gettysburg, Fredericksburg, Coal Harbor, Petersburg and many others. He proved himself a brave soldier, and bore the hardships of the field and camp life with fortitude until the close of the war. He then returned to Grant County and engaged in the boot and shoe business in Fairmount, which he successfully conducted for nine years. In 1875, in partnership with J. P. Winslow, he built the elevator near the Cincinnati, Wabash & Michigan Railroad, where, by the management of Mr. Beals, they ship about 100,000 bushels of grain annually. In 1865 he married Margaret, daughter of J. P. Winslow, who bore him. four children: Martha J., Emma C., Robert J. and Mary E. Mrs. Beals died May 19, 1874. Mr. Beals is a Republican in polities,

BRADY & ALLRED BROS., chair manufacturers, Fairmount, Ind. Mr. Brady is a native of Canada and is a son of Barnard and Ann Brady. His early life was passed as a cook on the sailing vessels of the lakes. In 1853 he came to the United States and worked in a number of cities as a chair-maker, having spent thirteen years in Cincinnati, Ohio, in that capacity. Having had a number of years' experience in the business, in June, 1885, the above named firm began the manufacture of chairs in Fairmount. Although the business is in its infancy, it promises to be one of the leading industries of Fairmount. Mr. Brady chose for his companion through life Miss Susan MeNeallis, a native of Ireland. The following children are the fruit of this marriage: Ella, Annie, Lizzie, William, James, Artitia, Effis and Lena. Benjamin B. Allred, of the firm, was born in Randolph County, N. C., January 29, 1846. He is ason of Moses and Elizabeth J. (Crouthers) Allred, who were natives of North Carolina. They moved to Henry County, Ind., in 1853, and to Grant County in 1856. He was a farmer and carpenter by occupation and died near Jonesboro, this county, in 1870. His widow survives him and resides in Fairmount. Benjamin B. was raised on a farm and followed agricultural pursuits until he engaged in his present business. June 29, 1868, he married Miss Mary J. Brooks, a native of Ohio. By this union there are two children living: Emma E. and George W. D. E. Allred, the junior member of the firm, was born in Grant County, January 11,1861. He remained on the farm until ten years of age, when he came to Fairmount. He was later engaged in the printing office for three years. He then worked for nine years at house_ painting, when he embarked in his present business. He was married May 31, 1882, to Miss Ella Brady. By this marriage is one child, a daughter, Maud HE.

H. B. CASSELL, druggist, Fairmount, Ind. Among the younger men of enterprise and business integrity who have been connected with the business interests of Fairmount for the past five years is H. B. Cassell. He was born in Madison County, Ind., in 1862, son of Oliver P. and Isabel F. (Edwards) Cassell, who were natives of Indiana. The former died in Knox County, Ind., in 1869. His wife subsequently married William Tilden, a lineal descendant of Samuel J. Tilden. Our subject was reared on a farm, receiving a good common school education. In 1880 he came to Fairmount. Ind., and engaged as clerk in the drug house of M. W. Edwards. After clerking for some time he engaged in the drug business for himself which he continued for about one year. In May, 1585, he purchased the drug store of Mr. Edwards, where he now does a large and extensive business. In connection with his drugs he carries a large stock of stationery and jewelry. His business room is 82x22, two-story and a basement. He married December, 1884, Miss Helen Smithson. Mrs. Cassell is a member of the Friends' Society. Mr. Cassell is a Republican.

THOMAS D. DULING, Sr., farmer, Fairmount, one of the prominent old citizens of Grant County, was born in Hampshire County, Va., November 22, 1811, being the eldest of thirteen children born to Edmond and Mary (Dean) Duling, who were also natives of Virginia, the former born June 4, 1786, the latter February 20,1791. In 1815 they moved to Coshocton County, Ohio, where they followed farming and resided until their death. The father died June 18, 1860, the mother January 31, 1853. Thomas D. was raised on his father's farm, receiving a common edueation. At the age of twenty-four years he began life for himself as a farmer, and in 1845 removed to Grant County, Ind., and settled on the farm where he now resides when the entire place was yet in timber. He first purchased eighty acres of land, adding to this until he owned a fine farm consisting of 210 acres. February 4, 1536, he married Nancy Meskimen, a native of Coshocton County, Ohio, born April 9, 1814, and by him is the mother of the following children: William M., Mary (wife of J. C. Notingham), John W. (deceased), Barbara A. (deceased), Elizabeth (deceased), Thomas D., Jr., Joel O. and George E. W. William and John served in the war of the Rebellion. Mrs. Duling died January 16, 1877. Mr. Duling has served as township trustee for five years. He is well known and esteemed by many, is a Republican in politics, and an honorable upright citizen, and has been a member of the Methodist Church for over half a century.

PROF. ELWOOD O. ELLIS, principal of the Fairmount Academy, is a native of Clinton County, Ohio, and the son of James M. and Louisa (Moon) Ellis, both born in the same county and State. His paternal grandparents, Robert and Annie ( Hockett ) Ellis, were natives of Tennessee and North Carolina, respectively, and early residents of Clinton County, Ohio. James M. Ellis was a farmer by oceupation, and grew to manhood in his native State. He came to Grant County, Ind., in 1851, and three years later returned to Ohio where he remained until 1871. He then came back to this county and has been a resident of the same eyer since. Mrs.

Ellis is the daughter of Daniel H. and Rachael (Hockett) Moon. Prof. Ellis was born on the 19th of April, 1857. He spent the first fourteon years of his life in Ohio, and at the age of seven years began attending the common schools, in which he made rapid progress, completing the common branches in his eleventh year. He afterward attended the academy at West Elkton, Ohio, of which his brother was principal,and in the winter of 1874-75 taught his first school near Jonesboro, Grant County. He afterward attended the Jonesboro school aud the normal school at Marion, and in the winter of 1875-76 taught his first public school in Mill Township. He taught five consecutive years in Mili Township, three years at the Back Creek school, and sinco that time has been connected with the Fairmount schools. He was principal of the high school at Fairmount for two years, and in the fall of 1885 became principal of the academy at the same place, a position he still retains. Prof, Ellis is one of the leading teachers of Grant County, and his reputation as an instructor is much more than local. He served one term as trustee of Mill Township, and discharged the duties of that oflice in an-erainently satisfactory manner. He was married, March 28, 1878, to Miss Ida Hussey, who was born in Jonesboro June 21, 13850. To this marriage has been born two children: Arthur W. and Dora M. Ellis. Prof. Hillis is an able minister in the Society of Friends and a Republican in politics.

WILLIAM ELLIOTT, farmer, Fairmount, was born in Grant County, Ind., January 28, 1844, is a son of Reuben and Rebecca (Moore) Elliott, who were born in 1821 and 1819, respectively. William was reared at home receiving an ordinary education. Harly in the war of the Rebellion he abandoned the peaceful scenes of his rural ome to follow the uncertain fortunes of war, and enlisted in Company ©, Mighty-ninth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry. We participated with his regiment in the battle at Munfordville, Ky., where he was captured by the enemy. He was paroled and at the expiration of six weeks was exchanged and returned to the field, and served through the battle of Pleasant Hill, siege of Nashville and Mobile, Sherman's campaign in the rear of Atlanta, also participating in wany other hard-fought engagements, until the closo of the war, when he was honorably discharged. . At the <lose of the war he returned to his native county and engaged in farming, which has since been his occupation in connection with the.

manufacturing of tile, in which he does a large and successful business. Mr. Elliott has been twice married, first, in 1865, to Miss Ruth Wilson, a daughter of Jesse Wilson, an early and prominent citizen of the county. She was born December 18, 1845, and died February 4, 1867. He again married, May 20, 1868, Miss Alice C. Radley, a native of Essex County, England, born February 21, 1845. Ten children were born by this union: Wilson R., Mary O., Edward E., Elizabeth J., Frederic C., Stanley P., William W., Gertrude A., Rebecca R. and Samuel R. Mr. Elliott isa member of the Friends' Church, a Prohibitionist in politics and an esteemed and respected citizen.

LEWIS L. FANKBONER, farmer, Fairmount, born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, January 27, 1827, is the son of George and Sarah (Moore) Fankboner, the former born in Essex County, N. J., November 23, 1795, and his wife in Pennsylvania, December 9, 1807. They were married in Pennsylvania, and came to Tuscarawas County, Ohio, in 1826, and March 22, 1842, the wife and mother died. He was married to his second wife, Miss Matilda Webb, and moved to Grant County, Ind., in 1851, and settled near Jonesboro, where he resided until his death in 1871, his widow surviving only one year. He served in Ohio as justice of the peace for eighteen years and as county commissioner two terms, and in Grant County, Ind., as trustee and other minor offices. He was a member and liberal contributor of the Methodist Church. Lewis L. was reared on a farm. He acquired a common school education in his native county, and as he grew to manhood adopted the pursuit of farming. In 1841 he decided to move West, where lands were cheaper than in Ohio, and accordingly came to Grant County, Ind., and began life for himself. Here he bought forty acres of land, and passed the best days of his early manhood in the labor of clearing and improving his farm. In 1868 he purchased his present excellent farm, lying two miles north from Fairmount. August 2, 1852, he was married to Miss Rachel J. Morland, a native of Marion County, Ohio, born April 23, 1823, daughter of David and Mary (Jones) Morland, who were prominent early settlers of Grant County. By this marriage there are five living children: Dora J., Sarah R., Addie, Luta B. and Ozro G. Mr. Fankboner is a good farmer and an enterprising citizen, and has the esteem and confidence of all who know him. In polities he is a Republican.

JOHN FLANAGAN, merchant, Fairmount. One of Fairmount's young and successful business men is John Flanagan. He was born in Preble County, Ohio, August 10, 1853, and is the fourth of a family of seven children born to James and Mary (Morley) Flanagan. They were natives of Ireland and came to: America about 1847. After living one year at New Orleans, La., and one year at Cincinnati, Ohio, they moved to Preble County, Ohio, where they resided until 1865, when they came to Grant County, Ind. He was a farmer by occupation, and resided in the county until his death, which occurred about 1875. His wife survives him, and is a resident of the county. Mr. Flanagan received the educational advantages afforded by the common schools. At the age of nineteen years he engaged in teaching school during the winter, and in the' summer was occupied with his duties at the home farm. He thus continued until the age of twenty-five years. In 1879 he associated himself in the mercantile business at Fairmount with E. N. Oakley.. At the expiration of three years he sold his interest, and he then formed a copartnership with Henley & Nixon and purchased a grain elevator at Summitville, Ind. The firm continued to buy grain for one year, when they traded the elevator for a' stock of dry goods at Fairmount, Ind., which is under the supervision and management of Mr. Flanagan. They carry a stock of goods of about $15,000, their annual business amounting to about $40,000 per year. Mr. Flanagan was united in marriage, May 11, 1882, to Miss Sadie E. Winslow, daughter of Levi and Emily (Henley) Winslow.

ALPHEUS HENLEY, M. D., Fairmount, Ind. Eminent in the ranks of the medical profession of Fairmount may justly be named the subject of this sketch. He was born in Randolph County, N. C., July 21, 1836, and about two years later removed with his parents to Grant County, where he has mostly resided ever since. His parents were Phineas and Mary (Bogue) Henley, natives of North Carolina, and born in the year 1802. They married in their native State and came to Grant County in 1837, where they located on a farm one and one-half miles northwest of Fairmount. Here they resided until they retired from active life. The latter part of their life they resided with the Doctor. The mother died in 1879 and the father in 1883. Our subject remained on the home farm until twenty-two years of age, with the exception of two years in

Kansas. Up to this time his educational advantages had been confined to the common schools, but he was now sent to the Bloomingdale Academy in Park County, Ind., where he pursued his chosen studies. In 1862 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. David S. Elliott, which he continued for two years. He then attended a course of medical lectures at Ann Arbor, Mich. In 1864 he entered the army and served as assistant surgeon until the close of the war. He attended a second course of lectures at Sterling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, where he graduated in 1865. Immediately after graduating he returned to Fairmount and engaged in the practice of his profession. As a physician he has steadily risen in popularity and is without a superior in the county and is respected and appreciated as a citizen. He is a member of the Grant County Medical Society, also member of the State and American Medical Societies. In 1869 he married Louisa J., daughter of Joseph Baldwin, of Fairmount. Of this union there have been born two children: Glenn and Richard.

ELIAS HIATT, farmer, Fairmount, is a native of Fayette County, Ohio, and was born October 8, 1828. His parents were William and Jemima (Londy) Hiatt. They were among the early settlers of Madison County, Ind., where they followed agricultural pursuits and resided until their death. Our subject was raised upon a farm, receiving in youth a limited education. At an early age he began life's battle on his own responsibility as a farm hand, and in 1857 came to Grant County, where he has since resided. Mr. Hiatt is one of the wide-awake and enterprising farmers of this township, and is the owner of 120 acres of well improved land; is now comfortably situated, a result attained through his own exertions. May 17, 1856, he was united in marriage with Miss Hannah Hunt, who was born August 10, 1839, a daughter of Wilson and Millicent Hunt, who were natives of North Carolina, and early settlers of Wayne County, Ind. The following children have. been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hiatt: Millicent A., born February 7, 1858; Sylvestus A., born November 11, 1859; Viola C., born August 24, 1862; Elkana U. G., born June 8, 1864; Valentine O., born March 15, 1868; Jemima §., born March 16, 1870; Martha L., born July 13, 1872; Case C., born January 17, 1874, died May 2, 1879; Armintha L., born December 30, 1875; Minerva E., born October 10,

WILLIAM HOLLINGSWORTH, undertaker and cabinetmaker, Fairmount, was born in Chester County, Penn., June 25, 1811, and is the youngest of a family of five born to William and Hannah (White) Hollingsworth. The father was a hatter by trade, and followed that vocation until his death; he died in 1812, and his wife in 1837. The boyhood of our subject was very like that of any other Pennsylvania Jad of the same period, and he early in life learned the bitter, but beneficent lesson of self-dependence, and soon took up the business of life in manly earnest. At the age of eighteen years he began to learn the cabinet-maker's trade, in Pittsburgh, Penn. After serving his apprenticeship he worked at his trade in different localities. In 1852 he came to Madison County, Ind., where he opened a furniture shop and salesroom of his own, which he carried on till 1869. He then moved to Fairmount, where he conducts an extensive business in all styles of furniture and undertaking goods. He was married in Pittsburgh, Penn., April 25, 1833, to Miss Lucinda Burges, a native of Pennsylvania, born October 14, 1814, and died in Fairmount in the year 1881. The following are the children by this marriage : Wesley B., John B., Gilmore, Maria and Isabel. The three sons served in the war of the Rebellion. Gilmore, the third son, died in Fairmount in 1885. Mr. Hollingsworth is a member of the United Brethren Church. In politics he is a Republican.

MOSES HORNER, farmer, Fairmount, is a native of Preble County, Ohio, born October 30, 1840, and ason of George and Margaret (Clevenger) Horner, who were natives of Ohio and Indiana, respectively. In 1852 the family moved to Grant County, Ind., where the father died in 1879, the mother having preceded him in 1854, Moses Horner was raised a farmer, and in youth secured a fair education. Shortly after the breaking out of hostilities betiveen the North and South he enlisted in Company F, Thirtyfourth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and after serving over four years was honorably discharged. He was a participant in the battles of Champion Hills, Brownsville, siege of Vicksburg, and many other smaller engagements in, which he participated with his regiment. After the close of the war he returned to Grant County, and has since been engaged in farming. May 3, 1868, he was united in marriage with Miss Nancy Winters, who was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, June .23, 1841, a daughter of Josiah and

Sarah (Adams) Winters, by whom he is the father of five children : Mary R., born January 27, 1869, died March 29, 1881 ; Sarah L., born April 25, 1871; Della M., born April 20, 1873 ; Moses F., born September 2, 1875; Josiah W., born September 24,1878. Mr. Horner owns a good farm of eighty acres, is a Republican in politics, an esteemed citizen of the county, and a member of the G. A. R.

WILLIAM H. HUBBARD, M. D., a prominent physician and surgeon of Fairmount, was born in Morgan County, Ind., November 14, 1848. His parents were William B. and Ludah (Vestal) Hubbard, natives of Guilford and Chatham Counties, N. C., respectively. They were among the early settlers of Morgan County, Ind., where they engaged in agricultural pursuits, and resided until their deaths. The Doctor's early life was spent on a farm and in acquiring an education, completing the same at Haverford College, Philadelphia, Penn. He then determined to adopt the medical profession, and with that view pursued the study of medicine at the Medical College of Indianapolis, Ind., from which institution he graduated in 1877. He then had five years' experience in the city hospital and the hospital for the insane at Indianapolis, and was for a time a partner with Dr. Fletcher, of Indianapolis, his preceptor and one of the most eminent physicians of the State. In the spring of 1884 he came to Fairmount and immediately entered the practice and became a partner of Dr. A. Henley, in September of the same year. He and Dr. Henley are now doing a large and lucrative practice, having established a wide and enviable reputation, both as physicians and surgeons. The Doctor is a member of the Grant County and Indiana State Medical Societies, is also secretary of the board of pension examiners for this district, and is a member of the fraternity of Odd Fellows. October 13, 1881, he was united in marriage with Miss Emma Woollen, a daughter of William Wesley Woollen, of Indianapolis. This union has been blessed with two children: Sarah and William W. Dr. Hubbard's portrait is presented with this volume.

BENJAMIN 8. ICE, farmer, Fairmount, is a son of William and Elizabeth Ice, and was born in a log cabin in West Virginia October 7, 1809. William Ice was one of the early settlers of Virginia, where he had many adventures with the dangerous and wily - Indians. He was captured by them and held prisoner for five years, when he made his escape. He was a farmer by occupation and fol- lowed that pursuit until his death. Benjamin S., on reaching man's estate, went to Ohio where he met and married Miss Sydna J. Evans, a native of Pennsylvania, born February 11, 1811, and a daughter of Thomas Evans, a soldier of the war of 1812. In 1833 they moved to Dearborn County, Ind., and later to Madison County near the line of Grant County; subsequent]y moved to Grant County, and settled in Fairmount Township. Here he purchased his present farm of 160 acres, which he set about developing with the usual care and industry of the pioneer settlers of the commonwealth, finding in his wife that companion and helpmate which his surroundings so much demanded. With the true spirit of the pioneer he has ever been a friend to public improvements. He assisted and was supervisor of the first roads built in Madison County. He is highly regarded by all who know him as a good neighbor and a social, genial friend. His children were eight in number: Emmeline, Catherine, Sarah E. (deceased), Benjamin, Elizabeth J. (deceased), Rachel M. (deceased), Jessie (deceased) and William A.

WILLIAM B. KIMBROUGH, lumber dealer, Fairmount, Ind. Mr. Kimbrough was born in Clinton County, Ohio, August 16, 1852. He is a son of Eli and Margaret (Townsend) Kimbrough. They were natives of Ohio, were farmers, and came to Grant County, Ind., in 1869, and settled on a farm in Liberty Township. Here the wife and mother died afew years later. The husband still resides on the farm. William B. grew upon the farm of his father, assisting him in the farm duties and acquiring an education at the common schools. January, 1885, he came to Fairmount and established himself in his present business, which has exceeded his expectations; his business is constantly increasing. He keeps on hand a full stock of building material. His life has been honorable and upright, these characteristics gaining for hima large circle of friends. He is unmarried and a Republican in politics.

GILBERT LaRUE, saw and planing-mill, Fairmount, was born in Franklin County, Ind., March 22, 1854, and is a son of Allison and Priscilla (Johnson) LaRue. The former was a native of New Jersey, his wife of Pennsylvania. They were among the early settlers of Franklin County, Ind., where they resided until their death. Mr. LaRue was raised on his father's farm and educated in the common schools. At the age of seventeen years he began learning the carriage and blacksmith's trade, and after completing the period of his apprenticeship he worked for some time at the carpenter's trade. In 1881, in company with his two brothers, he' established his present business. He subsequently purchased the interests of his brothers, since which time has conducted the business alone. He has added to his mill substantial improvements and supplied it with the best machinery to prepare lumber for building purposes. Beginning with little or no capital Mr. LaRue has worked his way by his own efforts to his present position as a business man. In 1879 he married Miss Phebe Leath, daughter of Ralph and Mary Leath. By this marriage is one child - Paul. ESOM LEACH, Sr., farmer, Fairmount. Mr. Leach is one of the early settlers of Grant County, was born in Franklin County, Ind., December 8, 1816. He isa son of William Leach, a soldier of the war of 1812, and born in Virginia May 5, 1793. Whena young man he went to Ohio, where he met and married Sarah Harrison, a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1793. He shortly after their marriage moved to Franklin County, Ind., and later to Grant County, where he engaged in farming until his death, which occurred February 23, 1851. His wife survived him until 1863. He was regarded as one of the best citizens of the county at the time in which he lived. He served as justice of the peace for many years, and both himself and wife were active and consistent members of the Baptist Church. In 1836 Esom, our subject, came with his parents to Grant County, where he has ever since made his home. He was reared on his father's farm, and acquired a fair education by attending the common schools. On the 24th of August, 1838, he was united in marriage with Miss Lucinda Corn, who was born in Kentucky December 15, 1823; she was a daughter of Joseph and Nancy (Said) Corn, who were early settlers of Grant County. The father died at the advanced age of eighty-three years, and the mother atfiftyfour years of age. Mr. Leach is an old and well-known citizen. He is honored and esteemed by all. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. Their wedded life has been blessed by thirteen children: William J., Nancy J., Sarah A. (deceased), Martha P- (deceased), Joseph J. (deceased), Edmond ©., John G., Mary E., George W., Wilson T., Benjamin F., Reuben J. and Simon B. WILLIAM J. LEACH, farmer, Fairmount, is a grandson of William Leach, who is of good old Virginian stock, a soldier in the war of 1812 and a pioneer of Grant County. Our subject is a son of Esom and Lueinda (Corn) Leach, and is a native of the county in which he resides, and was born February 2, 1840. Bred to farming he has never been engaged in any other occupation, and has always. lived in his native county of Grant. By his own industry he has become the owner of 385 acres of excellent farming land, which he cultivates in the manner best calculated to yield the largest crops and the greatest variety of good stock with the least injury to the soil. He is considered a model farmer. In 1865 he took for his. wife Sarah E. Havens, daughter of Jonathan Havens. Mrs. Leach was born in Grant County, April 23, 1843. They have four living children: Lucinda A., Anna J., Charles E. and Martha ©. Mr. and Mrs. Leach are members of the Baptist Church, and highly respected in the community in which they reside.

MICHAEL MITTANK is a farmer of Fairmount. Mr. Mittank is a native of Ohio, born June 16, 1833. He is a son of Christopher and Elizabeth (Mock) Mittank, natives of Pennsylvania, the former born November 11, 1797, and the latter November 27, 1803. They were married August 6, 1822. In about 1835 they moved to Delaware County, Ind., and a few years later removed to Grant County. He wasa farmer by occupation, and died in Delaware County, Ind. His wife died in Grant County. Michael, the subject of this sketch, came to Grant County with his parents and has ever since been a resident of the county. His educational advantages were not of the best, and for whatever knowledge he acquired in later years, he was indebted to his own efforts. However he possessed an industrious nature and a determined will. He started out in life for himself, working by the day and at various odd jobs. He thus continued, and by saving his earnings finally made a payment on a small farm. He later disposed of this piece of land, and being successful in his agricultural pursuits was soon enabled to purchase a farm of 168 acres, and is considered one of the successful farmers of the county. In 1858 he was united in marriage with Miss Eliza Dickerson, a native of Ohio, born March 28, 1836; she died in 1879. The children by this marriage were- _Amanda, born August 19, 1860; George L., born February 3, 1864; David W., born August 18, 1868, and died September 26, 1870; and Olie, born January 11, 1872. He again married December 1, 1881, Miss Leulla Lillibridge, a native of Ohio, born April 5, 1853, and a daughter of John and Julia (Fuller) Lillibridge. Mr. Mit-

CG. V. MOORE, M. D., Fairmount, Ind., was born in Montgomery County, Ind., in 1849; his father, Jacob Moore, was born in Wayne County, Ind., and married in Montgomery County Miss Tacy Butler, a lady of English extraction and a native of Virginia. He was a carpenter by occupation, and later removed to Boone County, Ind., where Mrs. Moore died in 1879. Mr. Moore is now a resident of Richmond, Ind. Our subject's early life was spent in acquiring an education, which he received at Wabash College and at Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. At the close of college life he adopted the vocation of school-teaching, which he continued successfully for a number of years. A desire for the study of medicine had been cherished for some time, and in 1877 he entered the medical department of the Michigan University at Ann Arbor. In the following year he attended the Medical University at Louisville, Ky., where he graduated. In 1879 he came to Fairmount, where he has ever since been engaged in the practice of his profession with good success. He is a member of the Grant County Medical Society. He was married, in 1874, to Miss Mary Baldwin, daughter of Thomas and Lydia Baldwin, of Grant County.

THOMAS W. NEWBY, farmer, Fairmount Township, a prominent early settler of Fairmount Township, is a native of Randolph County, N. C., born May 7, 1824; his parents, Eleazer and Mary (Winslow) Newby, were natives of North Carolina, where the father followed farming, and continued to reside until his death. Subsequently, his widow married again, and the family came to Huntington County, Ind., where the mother died. Mr. Newby's early school advantages were scanty, limited to the meager opportunities afforded poor boys of his time. He is a man, however, of much general information and intelligence, having acquired the same by studious reading, by attentive observation, and by actual experience. At the age of twelve years he came to Indiana, making his home with his uncle, Micajah Newby, in Henry County; and in 1839, came with his uncle to Grant County, settling in Fairmount Township, where he has ever since lived. On attaining his majority, he began life for himself as a farm-laborer, subsequently renting land, and in the same year purchased his present place, it then being totally devoid of improvement. He now owns 271 acres of Grant County's best land, which he has nicely improved and added good substantial buildings; aside from this he has divided 480 acres among his six children. He was united in marriage, in 1846, to Miss Sarah Hill, a native of North Carolina, born in 1824, and a daughter of Aaron Hill, an early settler of Grant County; six children have blessed this union, namely: Elizabeth (wife of Enos Henley), Mary (wife of William P. Newsom), Eleazer, Aaron, Joseph anl Nancy (wife of James Cox), all of whom now reside in this county, excepting Elizabeth (now deceased), and Mary, a resident of Rush County, Ind. Mr. Newby is one of the self-reliant and progressive men of the county; he has passed through the school of experience, and comes out self-made, enterprising, honest and prominent. In politics he acts with the Republican party, and himself and wife are members of the Friends' Church.

T. J. NIXON, grain dealer, Fairmount, Ind. Mr. Nixon is an enterprising grain dealer of Fairmount. He was bornin Randolph County, N. C., October 16, 1849. Heisa son of James and Narcissa (Mendenhall) Nixon, natives of Randolph and Guilford Counties, N. C., respectively. They came to Hendricks County, Ind., when our subject was three years old. After remaining in Hendricks County about two years, they removed to the county of Grant, and settled in Liberty Township, and later came to Fairmount Township and settled on an unimproved farm. They devoted their time to agricultural pursuits until 1880, when they retired from active labor. Our subject's early life was marked by no great events, and was not materially different from that of farmer's boys in general. He received a good common school education, and later engaged in school teaching, which vocation he followed for ten years. In about 1877 he formed a partnership with W. C. Winslow, and engaged in the manufacture of flax tow. This partnership existed about two years, when he engaged in buying grain. In 1881 he, with Dr. Henley, bought the elevator at Fairmount. They also own the elevator at Summitville, Ind. The firm do a large and lucrative business, and is managed by Mr. Nixon. They ship annually about 350 car-loads of grain. Mr. Nixon has twice married, first to Miss Mary Jay. He took for his second wife and present companion Miss Alice Johnson. This union has been blessed with one child - Inez. He is a member of the Friends' Society and a Republican in politics. 29

MAJOR B. V. NORTON, Fairmount, a native of Essex County, England, was born October 24, 1816. He was educated in his native country, and in 1850 came to America, proceeded to Grant County, locating in Fairmount Township, and engaged in farming for anumber of years. He later moved to Fairmount, where he engaged in the mercantile business. He has been three times married; his' last wife, who was formerly Mary James, is yet living. His son, A. F. Norton, one of the leading merchants of Fairmount, was born in Essex County, England, March 11, 1846, and came with his parents to America. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools until the age of seventeen years, when he enlisted in Company OC, One Hundred and Eighteenth Regiment Indiana Infantry. After serving out his term in this regiment, he re-enlisted in Company E, Thirty-third Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. Returning to Grant County at the close of the war he engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1874, when he embarked in the grocery business at Fairmount. His business greatly increasing he was forced to move into larger premises, and chose his present location, where he has a roomy store fully stocked with general merchandise, and to which he has given the name of the Fair. He employs from ten to thirteen clerks steadily, and the volume of his trade amounts to about $40,000 per year. Beginning with little capital he has worked his way by his own efforts to his present position as a business man. In 1871 he was united in marriage with Miss Mary E. Crowell, by whom he is the father of three sons: Freddie D., Charles W. and William.

EZRA N. OAKLEY, merchant, Fairmount, Ind. Among the successful business men of Fairmount may be. found the name of Ezra N. Oakley, born in Guilford County, N. C., January 22, 1846. He is the only child born to John and Charity (Kersey) Oakley, natives of North Carolina, born in 1820. The former followed his vocation, that of a blacksmith, until his death, in his native State, in 1874; his wife preceded him, having died in 1859. Our subject remained at home until twelve years of age, receiving a common school education. He remained in his native State until 1864, when he came to Hendricks County, Ind., where he worked on a farm. In 1866 he came to Fairmount, Ind., and accepted a clerkship in the store of J. P. Winslow, at which he was employed for two years. He then engaged with R. Bogue for one year. Later he engaged in the mercantile business with Charles Thomas. At the expiration of one year the firm became Oakley, Elliot & Co. In 1878 Mr. Oakley engaged in his present business, and by close application and honorable dealing he is held in high esteem as an honest and upright merchant. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and a Republican. He was twice married - first, in 1868, to Miss Nancy Thomas, daughter of Daniel and Eleanor Thomas, of this county. She died in 1874. In 1878 he was married to Sarah J. Hollingsworth, also of Grant County. By the first marriage is one living child, F. D.; and by the second marriage, Hattie E. and Bernice.

ZIMRI C. OSBORN, farmer, Fairmount, was born in Grant County, Ind., March 2, 1845. His parents, Henry and Mary (Parsons) Osborn, were natives of North Carolina; the former born May 19, 1804, his wife, January 26, 1809. They were married in their native State and came to Grant County in 1832. His father located in Fairmount Township and was a resident of the county until his death, in 1884. Mrs. Osborn still resides in the county. Our subject was reared on his father's farm, and acquired a fair English education by attending the common schools of his native county. The inclination of his early life led him to adopt the vocation of farming, at which he has ever since been engaged with marked success. In 1867 he was united in marriage with Miss Nancy L. Leach, who was born May 17, 1849, in Grant County, Ind., and a daughter of John and Mary Leach. Seven living children were born to this union, namely: John H. D., William O., Sarah L. E., Martha J., Peter C., Edward J. and Rachel E. F. Mr. and Mrs. Osborn are members of the Methodist Church. They are upright and honest and esteemed by all who know them.

JOE W. PATTERSON, justice of the peace, Fairmount, a native of the township and county in which he resides, was born October 8, 1859. His father, Philip Patterson, was a native of Ohio, born in about the year 1823, and came with his parents, when a young man, to Madison County, Ind., where he began the study of medicine under the guidance of Dr. Hunt, of Anderson, Ind. After completing his medical education he removed to Fairmount, Grant County, where he practiced his profession for a number of years, he being the first physician who settled in Fairmount. He chose for his wife Miss Mary Baldwin, a native of Wayne County, Ind., born in 1826, who, after bearing him five children, died in Grant County in about 1860. The Doctor subsequently returned to Anderson, where he again married and resided until his death in 1870. He was an esteemed citizen, a member of the State Medical Society and of the Masonic fraternity. Joe W. was reared and educated by his uncle, David Baldwin, his mother having died when he was five months old. On reaching man's estate he learned the plasterer's trade, at which he worked for some time. September 13, 1883, he married Miss Pickard, by whom he is the father of two children: Freddie and Minnie. Mr. Patterson is a Republican in politics; is now serving the people as justice of the peace; is well and favorably known throughout the community in which he lives.

WILLIAM R. PEIRCE, farmer, Fairmount. The ancestors of this gentleman were of English descent. His father, Samuel Peirce, was a native of Pennsylvania. At the age of twenty-one years he came to Ohio and settled in Miami County. Here he married Miss Millie Iddings, a native of Georgia. His family consisted of twelve children. William R., the fifth child, and subject of this sketch, was born March 2, 1819, in Miami County, Ohio. The days of his boyhood and youth were passed on his father's farm and in acquiring a common school education. At the age of nineteen years he began life for himself, devoting his attention to farming. In 1838 he was married to Miss Prudence Pemberton, a native of Miami County, Ohio, born in the year 1820. In 1851 he came with his family to Grant County, Ind., and settled on the farm on which he now resides. This was destitute of any improvements, and he began life in the woods, in due time clearing his farm and placing it under cultivation. Little by little he continued to add, by purchase, to his estate, until it finally amounted to 400 acres. In 1877 the happy married life was severed by the death of the wife,'and three daughters, Melissa, Euncie, Fidella and two sons, Robert and Samuel, were left to mourn the loss of a mother. In 1878 Mr, Peirce was united in marriage to Mrs. Rachel Pemberton, widow of Isaiah Pemberton, and daughter of Benjamin and Dorcas (Jones) Pearson. He and his wife are members of the Society of Friends. In polities Mr. Peirce has acted with the Republican party since its organization.

County, Ind., March 27, 1838, and isa son of Gabriel and Catherine (Pearson) Ratliff, natives of North Carolina. They accompanied their parents, when children, to Wayne County, Ind., where they grew up and married. The father was a farmer and devoted his time to agricultural pursuits. Our subject's early life was passed in working on his father's farm during the summer and attending the district school in the winter. Accustomed from childhood to the duties of farming, he choose that pursuit as his occupation in life. In 1870 he came to Grant County, Ind., and purchased his present farm in Fairmount Township, and has been a prominent and highly respected citizen of his township from the first. He has always taken an interest in public affairs, and the confidence reposed in him by the community in which he resides is attested by his being called to serve them in the important office of township trustee, to which office he was elected in 1884. Mr. Ratliff has been twice married. April 6, 1859, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Lamb, born in Madison County, Ind., December 16, 1838. The following children were born by this union : Charles M., Ancil E., Elmer M., Milo D., William M., John H., Louisa A. (deceased), and Sarah A. Mrs. Ratliff died in. the year 1880. Mr. Ratliff again married, September 14, 1881, Mrs. Mary Thomas, his present companion.

NIXON RUSH, farmer, Fairmount, was born March 30, 1836, in Grant County, Ind. His father, Iredell Rush, was a native of Randolph County, N. C., born in 1806; and his mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Bogue, was a native of Pickaway County, N. C., born in 1808. They married in their native State, and in 1829 moved to Grant County, Ind., and entered land in Fairmount Township, this being the farm upon which their son Nixon now resides. Once settled at their new home, the father went to work diligently to clear and improve the land, while his devoted wife did well her part in the economy of the pioneer household, making the forest home comfortable, cheerful and happy. They were devout Christian people and active workers in the Friends' Church. The father died in the year 1853, the mother in 1877. Nixon, our subject, grew up on the farm of his father, assisting him in the summer and attending the common schools during winter. In 1861 he was united in marriage with Louisa, daughter of Daniel Winslow, one of the early settlers of this county. Seven children have blessed their home, namely: Axelina, Elmira, Emma J., Walter C., R. Olive, Caroline ©. and Charles E., of whom all now survive save Axelina. Mr. and Mrs. Rush are ministers in the Friends' Church, their ministerial work extending in different States of the Union. They are noble Christian people and zealous workers in the cause of the Master. Mr. Rush's farm is one of the best in the township, and his beautiful residence and tastefully arranged home proclaim the systematic farmer.

JOHN SEALE, farmer, Fairmount, a native of Essex County, England, was born December 27, 1827. His parents were Elijah J. and Elizabeth (Radley) Seale, also natives of England, where they now live. Our subject was reared in his native country, receiving a common education, and there followed farming. In 1849 he immigrated to the United States, locating in Grant County, Ind., and entered land in Liberty Township. Im 1853 he was united in marriage with Miss Eliza Bull, a native of Essex County, England, born October 10, 1832, and a daughter of John J. and Elizabeth (Emson) Bull. Mrs. Seale died in 1853, and in 1859 he was wedded to Miss Amy Davidson, who bore him the following children: Elizabeth A. (deceased), Elijah J., Sarah A. (deceased), William P., Mary A., Amy E. (deceased), Isaac A., Herbert ( deceased). The mother died April 18, 1874. September 21, 1875, he married Miss A. Rich, a daughter of Joseph Rich, an old and highly respected citizen of the county. Mrs. Seale is a native of Hamilton County, Ind., born September 21, 1842. By this union the following children have been born: J oseph P., Eliza B., Lizzie C. Mr. Seale has been a practical and successful farmer, and now owns 241 acres of good land and has a comfortable residence. In politics he is a Republican, and he and his wife are members of the Friends' Church.

JOHN SELBY, farmer, Fairmount, is of German ancestry. His grandfather, Samuel Selby, was a native of Maryland. Growing to maturity he married Miss Agnes Bernhard, and moved to Westmoreland County, Penn., where they resided until their death. Otho Selby, son of Samuel and father of our subject, was a native of Pennsylvania, born September 24, 1805. In early life he followed the vocation of school-teaching, but later engaged in surveying. In 1887 he came to Grant County, Ind., where he entered a tract of land and improved 120 acres. He remained in the county until his death, which occurred February 16, 1881. His wife was Miss Jane ©. Allen, a native of Ohio, born in 1821, and is nowa resident of Jonesboro, this county. John, the eldest child, and the subject of this biography, was born June 10, 1846, in Grant County. He attended the common schools of his neighborhood and continued to assist his father about the farm until fifteen years ofage. He then learned the tinner's trade, which vocation he followed for a number of years. In 1864 he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Regiment Indiana Volunteers, and served until the close of the war. Returning from the army he located at Jonesboro, this county, where he embarked in the stove and tinware business, which he successfully conducted until 1874, since which time he has been engaged in farming. He now resides on part of the old homestead which was entered by his father. This property has been by him highly improved. He is largely interested in the breeding of Short-horn cattle, and owns the only thoroughbred of that variety in his township. In 1874 he was married to Hattie N. Allen, a native of Ohio, born August 11, 1853. They have*two sons: Victor A., born November 29, 1874, and William, born February 11, 1882.

LEVI SCOTT, banker, Fairmount, Ind., whose portrait will be found in this volume, was born in Wayne County, Ind., January 21, 1846. He is a son of Stephen and Mahala (Arnett) Scott. Our subject's early life, until attaining the age of manhood, was spent on his father's farm and attending the common schools. August 1, 1863, he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Eighteenth Indiana Regiment, and served seven months. Returning to Indiana he engaged in the mercantile business in Huntington County, in which he met with excellent success. He later sold his store and purchased a farm, and followed agricultural pursuits for two years, when he again engaged in the mercantile business at Fairmount, which he carried on successfully for four years. Mr. Scott has been and is now connected with many of the most important enterprises of Fairmount, the most notable of which is the Fairmount Bank. He instituted the same in 1882, and it is operated as a private bank. He also owns, in addition to the bank, real estate to the amount of $23,000. Mr. Scott has won his eminence in the business world by his own energy and well directed enterprise. He has always stood high in the community, and is recognized as a man of sterling qual- ities. In 1868 he was united in marriage with Miss Emily, daughter of George Davis, an early settler of this county. The children by this marriage are Meiissa M., Alvin, Irvin, Arthur D., Lillie, Eliza A., Alonzo, Charlotte, Clelia and Ella L.

J. N. WHEELER, miller, Fairmount, Ind, was born in Shelby County, Ill, in 1841; he is the eldest of four children born to William and Ruth (Beard) Wheeler, natives of North Carolina. William Wheeler, when a young man, went to Illinois, where he married. He was a miller by occupation, and in 1842 he returned with his family to North Carolina, where he still resides, his wife having died in 1861. Our subject worked in his father's mill until nineteen years of age, acquiring in the meantime a common school education. He then came to Henry County, Ind., where he followed his vocation until 1872, when he came to Fairmount and purchased of J. P. Winslow, controling interest in the Fairmount flouring-mill. The mill is a large frame building conveniently located, is supplied with the best milling machinery, has three run of buhrs, and is suecessfully managed by Mr. Wheeler. In 1863 Mr. Wheeler was united in marriage with Miss Mary Butler, a native of Hancock County, Ind., by this union are the following children: Ida, Wilkie and Mattie. Mr. Wheeler has made his own way in the world and is respected for his energy and personal character. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and a Republican in politics.

JAMES 8S. WILSON, farmer, Fairmount Township, was born in Rockbridge County, Va., January 23, 1813, the fourth in a family of twelve children born to William and Jane (Mackey) Wilson, who were also natives of Virginia. William Wilson was born in 1781 and was reared, educated and married in his native State, following farming until his death, which occurred in 1865, his wife living to the advanced age of eighty-seven years. James 8S. was reared by his parents to man's estate, receiving in youth only a limited schooling. In 1835 he started out to Indiana, where he expected to establish for himself a home in the new country, and located in Grant County, where he entered eighty acres of land, which is now owned by Isaac Roush. He subsequently purchased 120 acres of the old McCormick farm in Fairmount Township, and has added to this until he owns about 400 acres of well-improved land, which he has secured by industry and economy. October, 1844, he wedded Miss Evaline Morgan, a native of Mason

County, Ky., by whom he is the father of seven children: Henry P., Eugene N., Tilitha J. (deceased), James M. (deceased), Frank K. and Eva D., twins, and one child dying in infancy. Mrs. Wilson died November 8, 1874. Mr. Wilson is well known throughout the county, and is respected by all who know him. Although conconsiderably advanced in years he is still hale and hearty, and bids fair to live many yéars longer, and thus fulfill the wishes of his many friends. In politics he is a Democrat, and a member of the Presbyterian Church.

SAMUEL C. WILSON, farmer, Fairmount Township, was born in Randolph County, N. C., October 14, 1834, and is of Welsh descent. His parents were John and Mary (Winslow) Wilson, also natives of North Carolina. In 1837, with his wife and family, he moved to Grant County, Ind., where he followed farming and resided until his death in 1863, his wife surviving until 1870. His son Samuel, when a mere lad, accompanied his parents to Grant County, and at an early age started in life for himself, and by energy and industry soon won an honorable place in the community. When twenty-two years of age he was married to Rachel Overman, a daughter of Ephraim Overman, early settlers of Grant County. Mrs. Wilson died in October, 1865. On January 10, 1867, he married, for his second wife, Elizabeth Jessup, who was born October 11, 1842, and a daughter of Thomas and Rebecca Jessup, pioneers of Rush County, Ind. By this union are two children: Lindsey and Jessup. Mr. Wilson owns a farm of 103 acres of well improved land, and is by him cultivated with proper care and corresponding profit. He and his wife are members of the Friends' Church.

JONATHAN P. WINSLOW. Prominent among Fairmount's business men stands Jonathan P. Winslow, who was born in Randolph County, N. C., June 11, 1818, and is of English extraction. He is the fourth child, and one of thirteen born to Hardy and Christina (Phelps) Winslow, who were natives of North Carolina, the former born in 1791, the latter in 1793. The father was a farmer and followed that occupation during life. He and his wife were members of the Methodist Church, and led exemplary lives. He died in 1872; his wife died in 1863. Jonathan P. was raised on his father's farm. On attaining his majority he came to Grant own education. He subsequently returned to his native State and attended school, and later engaged as ateacher foratime. Then he engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods and linseed oil, and later took a centract to help build the North Carolina Central Railway; was also engaged in the mercantile business. In 1860 he returned to Fairmount, where ever since he has been one of the leading citizens of the town. He has been actively engaged in several enterprises, such as milling, merchandising, buying and selling grain. His whole life has been one of industry and energy, and by his dilligent labor now enjoys a competence earned by years of toil. He has served as county commissioner six years and as trustee two terms. He married, in his native State in 1844, Miss Jane Henley, a native of North Carolina, born in 1823. She was a daughter of John and Margaret (Clark) Henley. By this marriage are the following children: Mary M.; Margaret, deceased; Thomas, who left home at the age of fifteen years, and has never been heard from; Martha J., William C., John H., Joseph C. and Ora E. Mr. Winslow is a member of the Friends' Church, as is his wife. Politically a third party Prohibitionist.

H. W. WINSLOW, liveryman, Fairmount, is a native of Randolph County, N. C.; born January 16, 1827, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Henley) Winslow. The father was a farmer and stock dealer, and died in the county in 1877, the mother having preceded him in 1841. H. W. Winslow was reared on a farm and received a common education in this and his native State. He came with his parents to Grant County in 1840, and has lived in the county ever since, with the exception of a brief residence in Minnesota and Iowa. He has for a number of years been engaged in the livery business, which he still successfully conducts. February 22, 1848, he wedded Miss Martha Newsom, a native of Randolph County, N. C., born July 24, 1826. She came to Rush County, Ind., with her parents, Luther and Elizabeth (Hill) Newson, in 1827. They were farmers by occupation, and the father died in 1882 in his eighty-second year, the mother preceded him in 1833. Mr. and Mrs. Winslow are the parents of the following children: Jane, wife of F. Jones; Seth; Robert H; Jabez N.; John; Emery, deceased ; Hezekiah; Winford; Lizzie; Oliver L. and Elva, deceased. Mr. Winslow is a Republican in politics, and is well and favorably known throughout the county. Mrs. Winslow is a member of the Friends' Church.

NIXON WINSLOW, farmer, Fairmount, was born in Randolph County, N. C., June 28, 1831. His father, Thomas Winslow, was a farmer by occupation, and came to Grant County in 1836, and settled on a farm near Fairmount, where he resided until his death in 1858. He was an honorable and upright citizen, greatly respected and a member of the Friends' Church. The Winslows are of English ancestry, and among the first settlers of North Carolina. Three brothers came from England and settled in the Atlantic States prior to the war of the Revolution, and were the progenitors of most of those who bear the name of Winslow in America. Our subject's early life was spent on his father's farm, receiving only a common school education, and this, with his good natural sense, fitted him for a successful man of business. He began for himself when twenty-one years old by working for J. Dillon by the month, continuing this line of employment for two years, and then with the. money saved from his earnings he made a payment of $200 on eighty acres of land near Fairmount. He has added to the same until he became the owner of over 500 acres, all of which he owes to his own labor and good management. In 1854 he was married to Miss Cynthian Jay, a daughter of Denny and Mary (Jones) Jay. She is a native of Ohio, born in 1832. She has ever been a devoted wife and mother, and by her economy and careful. management has contributed greatly to her husband's prosperity. By this marriage there are six living children, Lovena, Webster, Denny, Mary E., Ancil and Clinton.

JOEL B. WRIGHT, farmer, Fairmount, was born in Green County, Tenn., July 7, 1832. His parents were Jesse and Charity (Reece) Wright. The father is a physician, and practiced his profession for thirty years. In 1855 he came to Grant County, Ind., and settled in Liberty Township, where he engaged in farming. Here Mrs. Wright, the mother, died, and in 1884 Mr. Wright moved to Michigan, where he now resides. Joel B. received a common school education and assisted his father on the farm, also worked in a grist-mill and in a saw-mill. In 1854 he married Sarah' J. Beals, a daughter of Abner and Serena (Pierce) Beals. In 1855 they moved to Grant County, Ind., where he has ever since made his home. Accustomed from childhood to the duties of farming he chose that pursuit as his occupation in life, and that he has made it a success is a self-evident fact. On March 17, 1873, Mrs.

Wright died. She was the mother of the following children: Abner J., born March 4, 1855, died August 21, 1884; Cornelius, born June 28, 1857, died September 6, 1858; Milton R., born May 18, 1859, died September 9, 1861; Charlie, born November 24, 1860, died September 9, 1861, and Serena M., born August 20, 1862, now the wife of C. L. Jay. September 20, 1873, he married for his second wife, Harriet E. Hite, who bore him one child, William G., born August 16, 1874, died December 22, 1874, the mother dying the same year. Mr. Wright's present wife was formerly Mrs. Adaline E. Haisley, a daughter of Benjamin and Elizabeth Howel. By this union came two children, both deceased. Mr. Wright is a systematic farmer*and a man of sterling integrity, enjoying the confidence and esteem of all who know him. In religion he is a consistent member of the society of Friends, and a leader in the Prohibition party.

Source changes here: from The Making of a Township, Being an Account of the Early Settlement and Subsequent Development of Fairmount Township, Grant County, Indiana, 1829 to 1917, Based Upon Data Secured by Personal Interviews, from Numerous Communications and Various Other Reliable Sources of Information Concerning Local History;, by Baldwin, Edgar M, published 1917; 147,506 words in this source stream.

Editor'S Note

It would be presumptuous upon the part of any one person to claim the authorship of this narrative. "The Making of a Township" is the joint production of many. Without the generous co-operation of friends the story would, indeed, have been lacking in essential elements of accuracy and interest. Credit will be given in the proper place for the work of each contributor.

Fairmount Township was literally hewn out of the wilderness. The forest, in its primitive purity, has given way to productive farms and splendid homes where modern conveniences abound. Measured in terms of days, months and years the record reaches back to but yesterday. Considered upon the basis of development and invention, it seems to cover centuries.

For more than thirty years the writer has thought that this account should be prepared. Ten years ago he commenced to assemble data for this purpose. Not until January i, 191 7, however, did he abandon the hope that others who had lived through the pioneer period, and were therefore better equipped by knowledge and experience to handle the subject, would take the matter up. Now that this information appears in permanent form, though the task be imperfectly performed, it is the hope of the editor that the book may in some measure preserve to posterity facts which otherwise might have been lost.

Explanation And Acknowledgment

First. The many communications received and published in The Fairmount News might have been revised and edited and set out in the editor's own lang-uage. It appeared that the work thus done would very likely take on a form entirely too prosaic and assume a style obviously too tedious, thereby losing much of its refreshing- candor.

Second. The plan of treatment finally adopted, which seemed more appropriate to an effort of this character, speaks for itself. The reproductions of letters in substantially the identical language used by the contributor gives to the book, we trust, a more original significance, establishing an intimate or cordial relationship, so to speak, between narrator and the reader. This method seemed to meet with the approval of competent judges and it was therefore chosen.

List Of Illustrations Chapter

It may be stated, however, for the meditation of thoughtful people, and as a matter simply of speculation, that James Marquette, noted Jesuit missionary, visited the northern part of Indiana about the year 1672 ; that within the same decade Joliet, intrepid French explorer, and LaSalle. with his band of adventurous spirits, passed through the region of the Kankakee swamps.

AMiile it may be true that detachments from various expeditions, as sometimes happened with exploring parties, forayed into this section of the State, there appears to be no recognized authority bold enough to assert, as a fact, that any of these sturdy pathfinders penetrated the unbroken forest which in the first half of the nineteenth century covered this Township.

Flushed with victory over General Harmar in October, 1790, Indians had begun to terrorize the frontier settlements in Northwest Territory. Gen. Arthur St. Clair, a native of Thurso, Caithness-shire, Scotland, educated at the University of Edinburg, distinguished himself in the campaign which ended with the surrender of Cornwallis. (ieneral St. Clair was a delegate to the Continental Congress, serving l)art of the time as President of that body. He was the first Governor of the Northwest Territory.

As Commander-in-Chief of the U. S. Army St. Clair, in 1791, headed an expedition sent against Miami Indians on the Wabash. His troops, numbering 1,800 men, met with a disastrous defeat at the hands of more than 2,000 warriors led by Little Turtle. Though exonerated by Congress. General St. Clair resigned his command.

In 1792 St. Clair was superseded by General Wayne. On account of his many daring exploits he had come to be known by the people as Mad Anthony. He was a native of Waynesborough, Pennsylvania, and had served in the War of the Revolution. His dash and audacity as a commanding officer saved General Lafayette from annihilation in 1780 while the gallant Frenchman was operating in Virginia.

Major-General Scott, with about 1,600 mounted Kentucky Volunteers, joined the troops of General Wayne on July 26, 1794, at Ft. Defiance. Two days later the combined forces began their movement on Indian towns situated along the Maumee.

It may be remarked, in passing, that the reenforcements under General Scott might have been the soldiers who. tradition tells us, blazed the trail afterwards known as the Ft. Wayne road, passing in a northeasterly direction beyond and east of East Branch school house, in Fairmount Township.

This trail led across one corner of Willis McCoy's farm, passing through the southeast corner of Thomas Winslow's place, thence along the road by John H. Flanagan's land and through John Selby's tract, crossing the Mississinewa at Wilson's ford.

David Lewis, who came to this Township on November 18. 1834. always contended that General Wayne's troops left a quantity of supplies and equipment near this ford.

Thomas J. Parker, another early pioneer (father of Ex-County Treasurer Joseph H. Parker and Attorney Charles T. Parker), who lived at one time in the vicinity of Lake Galatia, frequently in his reminiscent moods talked to members of his family and to his neighbors of the accuracy of this statement with reference to what was known in the early days as "the Anthony Wayne trail."

Attorney Parker submits an interesting contribution to the literature on this subject, upon which there has been a wide divergence of opinion.

"In the years 1875 and 1876," Mr. Parker's statement reads, "my father. Thomas J. Parker, lived where the nortii side of what would be the east extension of Eighth Street intersects with the west bank of the prairie, east of the town of h^airmount. During the winter months

"Of evenings during the winter the neighbors would congregate there and pass the time in relating reminiscences and legends pertaining to that particular country, and especially with reference to the prairie part of it (which at that time was undrained, and during the greater part of the year was covered with water), this running for a considerable distance from a southwest angling on up to what is now known as Lake Galatia.

"On the brow of this prairie was a road following along the high bank, just above the prairie and meandering around with numerous crooks and turns, following the contours of the bank of the prairie.

"On many occasions I have heard my father and the old settlers along this road tell about that being the road which Anthony Wayne and his soldiers had cut out in their march from Maumee and Ft. Defiance to the relief of the settlers at the old fort, which is now the site of the city of Ft. Wayne, at that time beseiged by the Indians. This was during the months of October and November, 1794.

"Among the old settlers living along the road at that time were Jacob McCoy, Major B. V. Norton, John Selby and Milton Winslow. This road, at that time -

Victor A. Selby

Who possesses an old-fashioned flintlock gun barrel said to have been left behind by one of General Wayne's soldiers as the troops passed through Fairmount Township.

in 1874 and 1875 - was always called the Wayne, or Ft. .Wayne road. In those days it was a common thing to pick up flint arrows and other stone implements, evidently having been used by the Indians of early times ; also evidences of implements of warfare of various kinds were found. One which I had the opportunity of inspecting recentlv was an old flint-lock mustket barrel which had a hole blown in one side. It was found near this road, and is now in the possession of our fellow-towns-

"A part of this road is still in use, following from the west bank of the Eighth Street road and angling round past the farm home of John H. Flanagan and John Selby, most of the other part of this road having been abandoned in straightening the lines along the different farms located on this thoroughfare."

"It is a reasonable conclusion," writes Dr. Alpheus Henley, "that the first settlers who came to Grant County from the South followed the road that was previously cut out, so far as it ran in the direction they wished to go.

"In talking with some of the first settlers, old Georgie Moore, Aquilla Moore's father, who settled where Abe Music lived, and Solomon Thomas, who settled a little farther north, I got the impression that Alexandria and Summitville were located on the old trail, and that Moore's, Thomas's and Henry Osborn's cabins were erected on the old road.

"When I first became acquainted with the Henry Osborn settlement, about seventy years ago, Henry had a field fenced in north of his cabin, along the east side of the road to his northwest corner. At that point where his north line intersected with the road, there stood a sign post, a board on it pointing to the northeast and southwest, which read :

"At that time the land east of the then traveled road, and north to where Davis now lives, was all in woods. Isaac Stanfield then lived on the Ink place and A^ernon Stanfield lived where Kaufman built his big barn.

"The Wayne trail led off from the sign post in a northeast direction, striking the prairie near eighty rods east of the Ink residence, and followed the meanderings in and out of the prairie, keeping on dry ground, to the Timothy Kelley residence. Here it left the prairie and made a more direct angle to the Wilson crossing of the Mississinewa River.

* By an Act of Congress, approved In- the President of the United States May 8, 1822, this office was established at Ft. Wayne. After the survey of the lands, President Monroe issued a proclamation for their sale, the minimum price being fixed at $1.25 per acre. The sale began on October 22, 1823.

"In October, 1861, I drove a two-horse team from the then Kaufman place, due east through the middle of the farm, some eighty rods to the prairie, where I came on to the old trail, which I followed to the Billy Karwin place, and on by Jacob McCoy's, John Lee's, Otho Selby's and Timothy Kelley's, where the road left the prairie and ran north a little ways, then direct to the river. After crossing the river the road ran a pretty angle northeast to Warren and Huntington. After getting a little way from the river the land was quite level and covered with a dense forest. The farms were small and not always close together.

"My objective point was Huntington. My errand being accomplished, as I now recollect, it was almost 3 o'clock in the afternoon, and night overtook me near Warren. I drove to my starting place that night, or rather between 2 and 3 a. m., and I came to the conclusion that was about the most dismal drive I ever made.

"You no doubt have heard of old Dave Conner,'' who established an Indian trading post on the river, some miles northwest of the present site of Marion," continues Dr. Henley. "Some time prior to the War of 181 2 Conner was doing business there. The military authority over that district enjoined Conner from selling the Indians any more ammunition or guns. This order so incensed the Indians that they gathered up in force around the block house and demanded ammunition. Upon refusal to comply with their terms they threatened to tear down the house, kill Dave and help themselves to what they wanted. Conner was true to his country, and in the face of death refused to accommodate the Indians, who proceeded at once to carry out their threat by felling a small tree on the house that stood near the fort, up which a number of Indians climbed to the roof and commenced to make an opening in the top. When they had an opening sufficiently large to see what Conner was doing, Dave picked up a keg of powder and emptied it out on the counter, and with a piece of wood with fire on the end in one hand, told the Indians if they did not depart at once he would blow all of them beyond the happy hunting grounds. They took Dave at his word, knowing that he had always kept his word with them, and did not molest him again.

Attorney Charles T. Parker

"Jep Sutton, one of Conner's clerks, was in the building with Conner at this particular time. He said when Dave picked up the stick with fire on it he fell down against the wall and closed his eyes, expecting every second to hear the crash that did not come.

"Sutton stayed with Dave until the latter died. I never saw old Dave, as he was called, but I did see Sutton, who was a rough backwoodsman, and I judge felt more at home with the Indians than with white men.

Advancing from Ft. Defiance. General Wayne, on August 20, gained a decisive victory over the Indians and British, losing thirtythree killed and 100 wounded. Nine hundred Americans were actually engaged in this battle as against an estinijated superior force of 2,000 of the enemy.

September 14. 1794, General Wayne, with his troops, proceeded in the direction of deserted Miami villages at the junction of the St. Joseph's and St. Mary's Rivers, reaching that point October 17th. Here the site of Ft. Wayne, named by Col. John F. Hamtramck, was selected. The fort was completed on November 22d.

General Wayne's complete pacification of the Indians was accomplished. The Treaty of Greenville was made on August 3, 1795. The principal chiefs present when the treaty was signed were Tarhe, Buckhongehelas. Black Hoof, Blue Jacket and Little Turtle.

General Wayne continued to serve until 1796 as United States Commissioner in the Northwest Territory. His career ended shortly after his successful campaign against the Indians. He returned to Ft. Presque Isle (now Erie), Pennsylvania, where he died, December 14, 1796.

Little Turtle was a natural leader of men. Skillful and courageous, he was a fearless and persistent enemy of frontiersmen. He won many victories over the whites. It was not until he encountered "the man who never sleeps," as he once described General Wayne in a council of war, that he met his match.

Little Turtle died at Ft. Wayne, July 14, 1812. A vast concourse of people attended his funeral. He was buried with the highest honors. The sword and medal presented to him by Gen. George Washington were placed in the coffin when his body was lowered into the grave.

Chapter Ii Of Fairmount Towship

TECUM SEH, a Shawnee, perhaps the foremost man of his race, had in 1812 attained to a position of undisputed leadership. As warrior, statesman and orator, he was without a rival among his people. In all the country drained by the Mississippi his influence and power none questioned. His celebrated interview with Gen. William Henry Harrison, at Vincennes, which ended abruptly, convinced General Harrison that he had met a foe entirely worthy of his constant attention.

Tecumseh had for many years devoted his great powers of logic and persuasion to the proposition that all tribes must confederate, work together for mutual advantage and to maintain intact, at all hazards, every foot of their choice hunting grounds. His whole policy centered on this one end.

As a basic principle. Tecumseh held that the Great Spirit had given the tribes all these hunting grounds to keep in common, and that all treaties made with white men were null and void. With such diligence, resourcefulness and success did he propagate his doctrines that practically all Indians yielded to his leadership and rallied enthusiastically to his support.

The War of 181 2 presented the opportunity and British machinations supplied the pretext which Tecumseh and his warriors seized upon in their resistance to further encroachment upon their territory. The Treaty of Greenville was disregarded. Indians once more left their peaceful pursuits, gathered up their guns and tomahawks and renewed their depredations and massacres.

It was during this period that the Battle of the Mississinewa was fought in Pleasant Township, on Grant County soil. The result of this battle was of supreme importance in its bearing upon the subsequent development of Fairmount Township.

The attention of thoughtful people is not attracted to that country for permanent settlement where life is not secure or where the peaceable possession of ])roperty is not assured. Men do not needlessly expose their own lives, much less the lives of their families, to pillage and rapine and nnu'dcr.

fought that pioneers ceased to hesitate in forming their purpose and maturing their plans to gain homes in the new country. Gradually, satisfying themselves of ample protection in their property rights and of personal safety for themselves and their families, Fairmount Township became the objective point of those hardy people from the South and from the East.

In view of these facts, and without further explanation, it is not out of place to insert here a well-written account of the epoch-making Battle of the Mississinewa, prepared by Mr. Carl D. Hunt. This description, somewhat condensed, is taken from The India'napoiis Star, dated January 24, 1909. Details given in the article have been authenticated by competent critics who are famihar with ascertained facts relative to this engagement.

"It is the dead of winter," the story runs. "In the face of a blinding snow, and suffering intensely from the bitter cold, a company of soldiers is advancing into a wilderness broken in infrequent spots by a settler's cabin or a deserted camping ground. The men urge their stumbling horses forward, ever ready for the attack of the wary redskins, whom they have come to subject to the white man's rule.

"Imagine such a scene in Indiana but a short ninety-seven years ago, and once you have fixed in your mind the perils and hardships of that terrible march, the stage is set for the thrilling climax - the forgotten Battle of the Mississinewa.

"The valor of Harrison's heroes at Tippecanoe in their great victory over Tecumseh's hosts has been commemorated in song and story. But the heroism of the brave band of pioneer patriots who gave up their lives beside the Mississinewa that civilization might advance is an unknown story. Yet in all the annals of Indian warfare on Hoosier soil there was not a more picturesque struggle or one involving greater bravery and more privations upon the part of the soldiers than this Battle of the Mississinewa. It opened the way to Fort Wayne and Detroit on the north, and thus led to the final victory against the Indians of the Middle West.

"The battle-ground is in the corner of Grant County, not far from the Wabash County line and near the old town of Jalapa, on the Mississinewa River, along" the banks of which is scenery not to be surpassed in Indiana. And it is not far, either, fromi the shaft which may some day remind future generations of the tragic story of Frances Slocum, the 'White Rose of the Miamis.'

of the battle yet in evidence. Dr. T. R. Brady, of Wabash, lived near the scene of the battle, and as a boy used to go there in the summer time to gather plums from a grove of wild plum trees which marked the battle ground ; and E. P. McClure, of Marion, as a boy, picked bullets from the trees on the battle ground, and remembers well the scene as it was then, before most or all of the original trees went down before the ax of the white man. His father and the Indians of that part of the State were good friends and in this manner Mr. McClure was informed in detail as to the manner of the fighting that marked the battle and of its great importance in opening up what was then the Territory of Indiana.

"The Indians of Indiana had been peaceable for many years - in fact, had been peaceable after their experiences with General Wayne in the neighborhood of what is now Ft. Wayne, and elsewhere. This peace had begun about six years before the Territory of Indiana was organized, in 1800. But when the War of 181 2 beset the people of the United States, British representatives, as a part of the plan of that war, proceeded to stir up the Indians against the whites, and it was as the result of this that Gen. William Henry Harrison, the first Governor of Indiana, as a Territory, found much trouble with the Indians on his hands. General Harrison had been successful in his treaty making with the Indians and was satisfied with the progress the wilderness of Indiana was making until about 1806, when he found that Tecumseh, a Shawnee, and his brother, known in history as "The Prophet," were causing trouble. The Indians organized against the encroachments of the white man. and finally General Harrison was forced to order them to disband. They refused, and it was then that he led an expedition against them, which ended in the Battle of Tippecanoe, on November 7, 1811.

"The Indians were scattered, but the beginning of the War of 1812, about a vear later, gave them new courage and a new opportunity for hostilities. As a result of their activities and the success of the British in the Northwest, an order was issued from Washington that General Harrison take charge of the forces in this part of the country, and this he did about a year after he had so signally distinguished himself at the Battle of Tippecanoe, making his headquarters at Piqua. Ohio.

"Tlie importance of the engagement of the Indians in the IMississinewa region is shown in a letter then written l)y General Harrison to his superiors at Washington. Other expeditions had failed against the Indians in this territorv and General Harrison was determined that

" 'I have received no information from General Hopkins, but there is no doubt of the complete failure of the mounted expedition under his command, and that mieasures must be immediately taken to prevent the evils which will otherwise flow from it. As soon as the information reached me I determined to direct an expedition against the Miami towns of the Mississinewa. The situation of this town as it regards my lines of operation, even if the hostility of the inhabitants was less equivocal, would render a measure of this kind highly proper, but from the circumstances of General Hopkins' failure, it has become indispensable. Relieved from the fears excited by the late invasion of their country, the Indians from the upper part of the Illinois River and to the south of Lake Michigan will direct all their efforts against Ft. Wayne and the convoys which are to follow the track of the left wing of the army. Mississinewa will be their rendezvous, where they will receive provisions and every assistance they may require for any hostile enterprise. From that place they can, by their runners, ascertain the period at which every convoy sets out from St. Mary's and with certainty intercept it previously to its arrival at Miamii Rapids ; but that place being broken up and the provisions destroyed there will be nothing to subsist any body of Indians nearer than the Pottawatomie towns upon the waters of the St. Joseph or Lake Michigan. The troops destined for the Mississinewa expedition are the dragoons, belonging to my army, with the addition of perhaps a single company of mounted volunteers. The dragoons will amount to about 600 men, but the greater part of them are to be entirely relied upon. The expedition will be commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell, of the Nineteenth Infantry. He has no military experience, but is brave, sensible and judicious, and will be ably seconded by the talents and experience of Major Ball. I am confident that you will not hear of any retrograde movement upon the part of this detachment until the object upon which they are sent is accomplished.'

"Leaving Greenville, Ohio. December 14. 181 2, the men pushed forward through the wilderness into Indiana. It was cold when they left Greenville, but on December i6th it became much colder, and great were the hardships of the trip. On the morning of the 17th, after a long and hard march, they came upon a village of Indians on the Mississinewa River and surprised and routed them. They killed eight Indian warriors and took forty-eight prisoners, eight of whom were men and the rest women and children. Colonel Campbell left men to guard the prisoners, and, with horsemen, proceeded along the river, idestroying Indian towns and dissipating the suppHes the Indians had accumulated at this, their base of operations.

"On the following morning the camp was attacked by Indians, but Colonel Campbell, well aware of the likelihood of this, had prepared for it, and the redskins were routed. Then, having accomplished the purposes for which he was sent out, the Indians being driven from the base of operations from which they had done so much to harass General Harrison and thwart his plans, and being short of supplies, the Colonel and his men turned homeward. The march back was one of the most severe in the history of the country. Eight of the soldiers had been killed in the engagements and forty-eight had been wounded, and of the latter seventeen had to be carried, thus making the progress of the trip very slow. Seeing that he would not have provisions, the Colonel sent word ahead for relief, but it did not come until they were within forty miles of Greenville, and many of the brave men of the expedition, footsore and almost frozen, had not had food for three days when the relief party met them.

"That General Harrison was, indeed, well pleased with Colonel Campbell and his command, and was repaid for the confidence he had imposed in the young officer, is indicated in his report to James Monroe, Secretary of War, under date of January 3, 1813, in which he enclosed a detailed report by Colonel Campbell. In this General Harrison spoke in the highest terms of the bravery of the men who composed the expedition.

"General Harrison enclosed the report of the expedition which had been made to him by Colonel Campbell, under date of December 25, 181 2. Colonel Campbell goes into detail regarding the privations suffered and the actual fighting. It is, -perhaps, the best account of Indian fighting in the Hoosier wilds on record. Imagine what the Hoosiers a hundred years from now will think of such an article !