Jackson Township (part 1 of 2)

Jackson Township

Paige, Hon. A. E. Parker, Joseph, Pence, John, and Wife, Pruitt, John, and Wife, Rice, Daniel, and Wife, Strange, Hon. Wm., Sims, Capt. James N., Suit, "Joseph G Stephenson, Joseph E, Seawright, Hon. Wilson,

Introduction

" All history," says Dryden, "is only the precepts of moral philosophy reduced into example." He also observes, **the laws of history in general are truth of matter, method and clearness of expression." 4

The first property is necessary to keep our understanding from the impositions of falsehood, for history is an argument framed from many particular examples, or induction: these examples are not true, then those measures of life which we take from them will be false and deceive us in their consequences. The second is grounded on the former, for if the method be confused, if the words or expressions of thought be obscure, then the ideas which we receive must be imperfect, and if such, we are not taught by them what to elect or what to shun. Truth is. therefore, required as the foundation of history; disposition ano perspicuity as the manner to inform us plainly.

In the preparation of the pages which follow, we have labored diligently to place all on the solid foundation of truth. The casual observer will scarcely realize how difficult is such an undertaking. The pioneer of Clinton County came not with note-book and pencil, but with ax, rude farming implement, desiring ^ make her fertile lands yield him sustenance. A half century is numberc ; with the past since the first white man trod her forests The majority of the-~~ who were among the first have finished their course and passed ic die 'Summer Land of Song." The minds of those yet remaining are dimmed by the mist of years. Repeatedly have parties said to us, "had I known anything of this kind was to occur, and made a record of certain events, Y =ould have furnished you with much valuable information ; but being wholly unaware of such an undertaking, my time being oceupied principally in clearing the forests and tilling the soil, much of interest has been forgotten, and cannot now he recalled with sufficient accuracy to justify publication." Hence, much that we would gladly have recorded in these Our aim being to give facts, statements furnished us about which parties were in doubt have been purposely omitted. Every line, every sentence herein recorded is ou the authority of reliable citizens. Doubtless, on sober reflection, they will in some instances, in attempting to recall events so many years past, find they have slightly erred. However, in the main, we believe it will be found truthful and reliable, and with the deep hope that such may be the case, we present this brief hiscory to the citizens of Clinton County, feeling assured that it will grow in interest as one by one our silverhaired pioneers are laid to rest in the silent tomb.

Organization

), Clinton and Boone Counties were united under the name of "Washington Territory," and attached to Tippecanoe County for judicial purposes. In 1830, the population of Clinton was rapidly increasing, and when the number had increased 10 1,423 souls, they deemed they were justifiable to representation in the Legislature. Accordingly, they presented a petition to that body to this effect, which was approved January 25, 1830 and Commissioners appointed to locate the county sent. The Commissioners were Robert Taylor, of Montgomery County; Henry Restine, of Tippecanoe : Hugh B. MeKeen, of Cass; John Cane, of Carroll, and Jeremiah Corbaly, of Marion. They met at the public house of Charles I. Hand in Jefferson on the second Monday of May, 1830, and proceeded at to view and examine the several places suggested. The principal struggle was between Jefferson and the land of John Pence. The objection being urged against the former, that it was not centrally located, her citizens conceived the idea of alleviating this trouble by attachiug to Clinton a small strip along the eastern border of Tippecanoe.

© A petition was prepared for presentation to the Legislature, and Mr. Abner Baker selected to secure the names of the inhabitants living in said strip in Tippecanoe. This being in the Spring of the year, all the streams were running very high, so that Mr. Baker, in attempting to cross Wild Cat, came near losing his life. Butas the securing of the county seat was of much importance, he pressed vigorously on, and, we are informed, secured the names of every person. with a single exception, living in the strip it was proposed to attach to Clinton. The petition, we are told, was placed in the hands of a certain individual, who from some cause, never presented to the Legislature.

Mr. John Pence proposed to the Commissioners to donate sixty acres of land and one hundred dollars in money, if they would locate the county seat on his farm. In those days this was a very liberal offer, one which the Commissioners readily aecepted, locating the county seat at Frankfort.

The first election was held at the house of Mathew Bunnell on the first Monday of Mey, 1830. The names of the county officers as elected at that time will be found on another page of the atlas.

Immediately after the election, the County Commissioners elect, Joseph Hill, John Douglass and Mordecai McKinsey, met for the first time at the house of Matthew Bunnell. Having taken the oath of office, their first official act was the appointing of Benjamin Abbott, Assessor of Clinton County. The county was then divided into three road districts under the following Supervi : Hiram Harrison, David Kilgore and Robert Miller. They then adopted an offieial seal, when they adjournedto meet in Jefferson attLeresidenee of John Ross, May 12, 1830.

At a meeting held at Ross', Saturday, May 15th, 1830, they proceeded to the organization of the county proper. All that part of Clinton County embraced in the following metes and bounds was formed into one township, and known as Jackson. Commencing at the northeast corner of Section 19, Township 28, north of Range No. 1 west ; thence south on said section line to the south boundary of the county; thence east to the south to the southeast corner of the county; thence north to the southeast corner of the county; thence west to the place of beginning.

At the same time another township was organized, with the following metes and. bounds, and known as Ross, commencing at the northwest corner of the county; thence south with the county line to the southwest corhir of Section No. 18, Township 22, north of Range No. 2 west; thence east to the southeast corner of Section No. 18, north of Range No. 1 west; thence north to the northeast corner of the Section 19, on the county line 1 thence west with the said line to the place of beginning.

Also, the same day was organtzed a township with the following metes and bounds, and known as Washington, commencing at the northwest corner of Section No. 19, in Township 22, north of Range No. 2 west ; thence south to the southwest corner of the county; thence east to the half mile on the east side of Section No. 18, in Township 20, north of Range No. 1 west, on the county line ;sthence north to the northeast corner of Section Xo, 19, in Township No. 22, north of Kange No. 1 west; thence west to the place of beginning. .

The above will give the reader an idea of the county as first organized. From time to time, as the population of the county has increased, the people haye presented to the Commissioners petitions praying to be formed into civil townships. At times some changes have occurrd before the townships assumed their present dimensions, but as these were generally of minor importanee, we omit details. is ns follows having less, and the citizens of Honey Creek being much nearer to Kokomo than to Frankfort, a petition was presented to the Commissioners of Clinton praying to be attached to Howard. This prayer was granted at the March term of the Commissioners' Court, 1859.

Educational

Previous to the Winter of 1829 and 1830, no schools were held in the county. During that winter two schools were taught, as follows: One in Washington Township in a log cabin that had been built for a Recorder's office by John Delvin, of Crawfordsville; the other in what is now Center Township in a log eabin which had been built fora private dwelling on the Bunnell farm by Jacob L. Harley. Soon after this, schools were held in various parts of the county, all of which the reader will find duly recorded in the township histories.

The school houses of these early days were indeed very rude structures. They were generally built of round logs, undressed, chunks in the cracks and daubed with mud, puncheon floor, clapboard roof; a hugh fire place into which the " big boys" and the **master? rolled back logs ; puncheon and plank seats without backs; with a long seat and a long window around the building, with a writing desk against the wall.

Black-boards, charts, maps and globes were unknown. The teacher made quill pens for his pupils with which to write. Some of the older ones ** eiphered " and when stalled went to the ** Master" for help. There were no classes formed except in ** spellin' " and ** readin'."

A person who could read fluently, write a legible haud and "cipher" to the ** Single Rule of Three," was deemed competent to act as teacher. Some of the teachers taught what were considered excellent schools; however, generally speaking, they were very inefficient, and like the schools, were primitive and crude. All the early schools were supported by private aid, and as the first settlers were very scarce of money the wages paid teachers were very small indeed. Some taught school whose only remuneration was the pleasure of 'boarding around." Ten dollars a month, the teacher boarding himself and cutting his own wood was considered good wages.

Such, in brief, was the early school system of Clinton County ; the system under which many of her leading men acquired their education. And let it be remembered that even these rude advantages were not long afforded, for as soon as a child was large enough to lend a helping hand, his parents demanded hisaid to assist in obtaining a living.

But the school system of Indiana has wonderfully developed and improved teachers and all educational facillties within the last forty years. In this respect Clinton County has kept pace with those adjoining her. At an early day her citizens voted, generally, to sell their school. sections and let the interest on the proceeds become a tuition fund for the support of schools, while they cheerfully taxed themselves to build school houses and otherwise improve the county.

In the twelve townships of this county, each of which is a separate corporation for school purposes, we first had three Trustees, a Clerk and a Treasurer. Now one Trustee does the business, assisted by a Director in each school district, who serves without pay. These Trustees, with the city and incorporated town Trustees, and the County Superintendent for the County Board of Education, jointly or severally, have control of the schools of the county, hire teachers, regulate their salaries, locate school houses, adopt text books to be used and make all needful rules and regulations with reference to all things pertaining to schools.

By the county and township institutes, which by law and rule all teachers are required to attend, they become acquainted with the value of each teacher, ascertain the wants and wishes of schools, teachers, patrons and pupils, and work together to right all wrongs and see that the great school fund so generously and wisely appropriated by the people of Indiana is expended in such a way as to do the most good.

The total cost of schools in Clinton County for 1877 was $37,433.92. This speaks for itself. It shows how deeply the people are interested in the cause of education. They are dotting their county all over with substantial school houses, furnished with all the modern appliances, and placing all in charge of well-qualified teachers. Elsewhere we give a table of school statistics, from which may be learned the present condition of the schools, and the degree of perfection to which they have advanced. Let the youthful reader study these statistics, and then compare his advantages with the youth of forty or fifty years ago, "We hope he may be profited by such a comparison; that he may be stimulated to improve faithfully and diligently the opportunities afforded him, for surely, surrounded as he is in this the eve of the nineteenth century, the world expects something from him and has a right to ask, ** What do you more than others ?"

Early Settlers

In preparing the history of Clinton County, we have endeavored to give the name, date and exact location of the first settlers, The reader will find these recorded in the township histories. However, for the benefit of those who desire to know the names of those constituting the basis of the early settlement, we make a brief summary, naming a large per cent. of those found in the county at the close of 1829.

The first was William Clark, who came in 1826, and settled on the west end of the twelve mile prairie, on the farm owned by the heirs of Mr Hall.

In every difficult undertaking, the one thing most needful is a resolute, fearless, energetic lenders Messrs. Clark and Kirk having led the way into the uninviting wilds of what was then ** Washington Tervitory," and having demonstrated that it was possible for man to subsist there until a crop could be raised, others were induced to join them - the years 1827-28 and 29 bringing the following worthy men : David Kilgore (whose wife is still living, and was the first white woman in the county), Zabina Babcock, Charles Usher, Joseph Hill, John Kilmore, Judge John Ross, David Young, Samuel Olinger, Abner Baker, Aaron H. Southard, Benjamin Abott, William Anderson, Samuel Aughe, John Campbell, - - Dorsey, Denman, - - Watts, Josiah Cooper, William Miller, John Starkey, James Gilmore, James Stinson, John Benson, Capt, Bracken, George Michaels, Col, William Douglass, Robert Dunn, John Douglass, Mathew Bunnell, Isaac D, Armstrong, Noah Bunnell, John Pence, J. R. Kelley, Jesse Guttery, John Ferguson, J. B. Douglass, Samuel D. Maxwell, Peter Fudge, William and Nicholas Pence,

Pioneer Life

Owing to the fact that much of the land in Clinton is prairie, the pioneer of this county had some advantages over those adjoining, where all was dense woods. It will be observed by reference to the township histories that the early settlers located at the edge of the prairie in the timber. The idea was prevalent among them that no one could stand to live upon the prairie during the Winter season. Time, however, exploded this theory.

The pioneer generally reached his home through innumerable hardships, such as cutting his way through dense woods, or passing over muddy, winding and almost impassable roads, Arriving upon land suitable to his taste, the first thing to engage his attention was the building of a cabin. This was constructed after the following manner: Round logs, undressed chunks in the cracks and daubed with mud, with puncheon floor, hewn with broadax and split from hickory or elm. All was covered with clap-boards fastened on with weight-poles held up by ** knees," The chimney material was puncheon at the bottom, sticks and clay upper part, with pounded dirt jams and packed mud hearth. The door was made of thin split or hewed puncheons, with wooden hinges and latch. A string attached to the latch went through the door and hung outside, by which the latch was raised to enter.

The furniture was of crude and hasty construction, as will appear from a description of the '' bedstead." It was made in one corner of the room. Ata proper distance from the wall a leg or post was fastened to the puncheon floor. To this post two poles placed at rigut angles were attached, the other ends passing through holes in the wall. The frame thus formed was covered with thin puncheon or plank instead of cords. Upon this was placed a straw bed with which the pioneer was generally provided. Upon ,this he laid his body wearied with honest toil, doubtless to repose more sweetly than does the millionaire upon his bed of softest down.

It is needless to inform our readers that in the construction of the bedstead as described above much depends upon the stability of the post which was attached tothe puncheon floor. The whole structure resting upon that, a little carelessness in workmanship was likely to lead to sad results. Some rather laughable incidents have been related to us of parties '' turning" too heavily, causing the fastenings of the post to give way, suddenly precipitating the unconscious sleeper, straw, boards and all upon the floor. Such an accident was likely to disturb the pioneer's dreams of future ease and luxury.

The cabin built and formally possessed by his family, the pioneer was not so fortunate as to be on the edge of the prairie went vigorously to work to clear a patch of ground. This was done by cutting out the timber eighteen inches and under in circumference and building brush heaps around the green trees and burning them to kill the trees and destroy the shade, that grass might grow. 3

The first plowing among the trees, stumps and roots was a serious job. For this purpose a jumping shovel with a thick short beam and a cutter wa used. This would go bobbing around at a rate that would have tried th patience of Job.

Until a crop could be raised, the pioneer was compelled to transport the necessaries of life over muddy and winding roads from points twenty and thirty miles distant. Meat was easily obtained from the forest, as it abounded in deer, turkey and wild game of every variety. But for the deer they could scarcely have lived. It was often almost the only food in the house.

Through the enterprising spirit of Mr. Underhill, a saw-mill with corncracker attached was built in 1830, on the middle fork of Wild Cat, on the present site Cripe Mill, in Ross Township. The same year, Win Winship built, in Madison Township, a saw-mill, with corn cracker attached. The first regular grist-mill was built by Jacob Anderson, in Washington Tow ship, on what is now the Heavilon estate, and known as the ** Spring Mills

The building of these mills was received wtth general rejoicing by the pioneers. Previous to this, it required all the day anda part of the night to go to mill, the nearest being on the Wea plains. Now to have their coin ground into meal almost at their own door was indeed no slight cause for rejoicing.

In those early days was there a cabin to be raised, or some logs to be rolled, every man in the neighborhood was present to lend a helping hand. Then in the gatherings at evening, where all appeared clad in homespun, and engaged heartily in sport without any fear of soiling a plug hat, or injuring the folds of a ** pin-baek," there was much real enjoyment. In truth, so kind, genial and accommodating were all at that time, that very appropriately may it be termed the "social period."

'The pioneer takes great pleasure in speaking of those early times. All who have attended the old settlers' meetings have noticed how each one who had spoken has lingered upon the sociability and honor which characterized the early settlers. Despite the hardships endured, there are gray heads in Clinton that sigh for the good old days of the past - men who would gladly be surrounded by the grand old forests of fifty years ago. For then the say, " I could lay my hand upon a man's shoulder and call him friend. In sickness, in denth, in every time of need, true friends were present to assist. and comfort. Now a man may die, and his next neighbor will scarcely know it." It seems that ascivilization has advanced, we have wrapped ourselves in conceit and self-importance, and now strut in supernatural feathers that dare not be touched. « Reform," in this respect, is certainly demanded,

Many incidents could be related of trials and hardships undergone by the pioneer, from the time he first ereeted his humble log eabin in the woods, with its stick chimney, one door and window, often without glass at all; of how he combined in one kitehen, bed-room, dining-room us parlor; and then, finally, of how a change was wrought; of how the 'orests began graduallyóto disappear before the sturdy arm of the woodman,

Barnesville & Frankfort Gravel Road Co

This road commences in Frankfort, ata point in Washington street, where the west line of Main street crosses Washington ; thence in a west and north- Westerly direction to the north line of Section 19, where it terminates, forming a junction with the eastern termination of the Dayton & Hamilton Gravel Road, The length of the road is five miles and 180 rods,

Hamilton & Dayton Gravel Road Co

HAMILTON & DAYTON GRAVEL ROAD CO. The article of association of this road was filed with the Recorder May 6, 1863. The road commences on the east branch of the South Fork of Wild Cat, east of Dayton, in Tippecanoe County ; thence southeast to the town of Mulberry ; thence east to, and one mile east of, the town of Hamilton - a distance of eight and a half miles.

For a time State roads and canals answered every purpose. But soon they were inadequate and by far too slow a means by which to transport the bountiful harvests of Clinton to market. A railroad was accordingly the imperative demand. The first one constructed within the borders of the county was the Indianapolis, Cincinnati & La Fayette. It crosses the southwest corner of the county, a distance of about four miles, making a station at Colfax. The road was.completed in 1852. The citizens of Clinton, and especially those along the line, being thoroughly alive to tne importance of such an enterprise, subscribed liberally, thereby aiding materially in the completion of the work.

In May, of the year 1857, a large meeting of the citizens of Clinton and adjoining counties was called at Frankfort, to consider the continuation of a railroad from Crawfordsville, via Frankfort and Kokomo, to Ft. Wayne. The citizens, after contributing liberally, both of their time and money, and after much work had been done, were compelled, in 1865, to see the enterprise abandoned.

In 1869, the grade and franchises passed into the hands of a new company known as the Logansport, Crawfordsville & Southwestern Railroad This company pushed their work energetically, and on the 14th day of October, 1870, run the first train of cars into Frankfort. This was a day in the history of Frankfort and Clinton County long to be remembered. Hundreds of her citizens gathered along the line to witness the coming of the "Iron Horse.' Soon his coming was announced, and, as he steamed proudly into the city, he was greeted with exultant shouts from the óverjoyed inhabitants.

In 1875, the iron of the La Fayette, Muncie & Bloomington Railway was laid. This road passes entirely across the county, and through Frankfort.

The people of the county can and do appreciate these great works of improvement, because they have done it themselves, without the aid of government. These railroads connect Frankfort and Clinton County with all the important railways, north, south, east and west. The farmer now has a market at his door for all his supplies. The farmer, merchant and mechanie can now say that the monopoly of freights has been broken down, and their county seat can now compare favorably with other cities of the State.

Public Roads

In 1830, about the time of the organization, the publie roads engaged the attention of the pioneer. His little ** pateh " of ground was now growing into a field, and a surplus was being produced. He had no home market, hence the necessity of roads to enable him to get beyond the limits of |

The first State road laid out through the county was the Newcastle and La Fayette road, passing from the former place, in Henry County, through Straw Town, Kirk's Cross Roads and the Twelve Mile Prairie to La Fayette. The road was laid out by Morgan Shortridge, Commissioner, in 1830. About the same time, the Michigan State road was laid out from Lake Michigan to the Ohio Riyer, passing through the county from north to south. Soon after this, roads were located from Crawfordville, through Frankfort, to Fort Wavne, from Kirk's Cross Roads to Delphi, and, in 1838, from Muncie to La Fayette, through the center of the county.

In examining the County Commissioners' record of about this time, we find their principal business was the hearing and granting of petitions for county roads, leading into the State roads.

Many of the farmers of that day hauled their grain in wagons to Chicago and Michigan City, on the lake, where they received from thirty-seven to fifty cents per bushel for their wheat. It required from twelve to fifteen days to make the trip. We venture the assertion that the farmer of 1835 went through the laborious undertaking just described with less murmuring than is heard from the lips of the farmer of 1877, who hauls his wheat over a pike a distance of four or five miles and receives for it $1.15 per bushel.

the State. A good market was then opened at La Fayette and Delphi. To make this trip required but one and two days, and better prices were received for their products than in former days at Chicago.

The Newspapers

The history of Journalism in Clinton County is the history of early struggles, attended with many failures, until finally success crowns the labors of those whose chief aim is to edify as well as entertain the reading public. The history of the newspapers commenced at an early period of the settlement of the county, and like all other efforts of a literary character under such surroundings, it required constant effort to keep the enterprise in existence. To follow this subject through its various viscissitudes, and to attempt to recall the many interesting reminiscences that an old settler would gladly indulge in, would extend this article far beyond our space, so we must content ourselves with a historical sketch. In this article, the dates, when given, are taken from the records, and in other cases the time is approximated, but still near enough to be practically correct.

Among the many newspaper enterprises attempted in this county, we find that the Frankfort Argus was the pioneer. 'This paper was established in January, 1839, and was published by Noah T. Catterlin and James R. Pile. It continued under this management until August of the same year, at which time Mr. Pile retired. The enterprise was then conducted by N. T. Catterlin and John Catterlin until about April, 1840, when the management again changed, and the business conducted by N. T. Catterlin alone until sometime in 1842, when the paper was discontinued. The Argus, during its publication, advocated the political doctrines of the Democracy as promulgated by that party at that time.

printing office, and started n newspaper, calling it the Frankfort Observer. The paper was printed in the building known as the " Wilson House." It was carried on about one year, but not receiving sufficient patronage, it, too, succumbed to the force of unfavorable circumstances, and was discontinued just before the election of James K. Polk to the Presidency in 1844, of whom it was a warm advocate,

In the Fall of. 1874, T. J. Taylor made the third effort at publishing a newspaper in the county, and set up a. printing office in a building which stood on the lot now occupied by the ** Flag Store." His paper was called the Cantonian. It also advocated the policy of the Democratic party. ` It was continued under this proprietary until the Summer of 1848, when its publication was terminated.

About the first óf June, 1849, Joseph R. Horsley, of. Delphi, purchased the office of the ** Clintonian," set up another printing office in the upper rooms of the building now'owned by H. Y. Morrison and William Wolever. Here he commenced the publication of a newspaper styled the Clinton News, and advocated the Democratie policy. The paper continued under this management about one year, when Mr. Horsley's connection with the office ceased.

In the Autumn of 1850, John Gamble and Hugh B. McCain purchased the new printing office of Mr. Horsley and commenced the publication of a newspaper in the same building where the Chntonian had flourished awhile and then met its fate. It was afterward removed to the '*Eye-Tooth'' at the northwest corner of the public square. This paper was entitled the Compiler. The paper was Democratic in its polities and continued under this management about one year, when Mr. McCain retired. The paper was continued a short time by the other partner under the same title. About the Ist of October, 1851, Mr. Gamble purchased new type, press, and fixtures, and enlarged from a five toa six column paper and gave it the title of the Frankfort Crescent, which name it has retained to the present day, devoted to the interests of the Democratic organization, notwithstanding the many different hands through which it had passed.

McClurg § Press!y. - 1n April, 1854, Leander MeClurg and Joseph T. Pressly, two young attorneys of Frankfort, purchased the office of Mr. Gamble and assumed the editoria] department of the paper until 1855, at which time James B. Newton, of Delphi, purchased the interest of Mr. Pressly. The paper was then conducted by McClurg and Newton until the Winter of 1857. At this time, William H. Ghere purchased the interest of Mr. MeClurg, and the paper was conducted by Newton and Ghere about one year. At this time, the interest of Mr. Ghere was sold to James B. Newton, who conducted the paper one year in his own name. At this time, MeClurg again purchased one-half of the office and his nume became again associated with the publication of the Crescent. The business was conducted by McClurg & Newton, who removed the office into the third story of the building formerly known as the "Douglas Corner," where they continued the publication of the paper about four years, or until the 20th day of March, 1862, At this time, they sold the office to Frank D. Caldwell, of Kilmore, in this County. Mr. C. carried on the publication of the paper in the same rooms for one year, or until the 21st of March, 1863. Hethen sold the offiee and fixtures to Joshua N. Armantrout, of Frankfort. He continued the publication of the Crescent at the same place for four years, until the 19th day of April, 1867. At this time, he sold the office to a joint stock company, who placed Thurman H. Palmer in charge as editor, and John C. Taylor as publisher. This management continued until about the Ist of July of the same year.

At this time, Allen E. Paige, of Frankfort, having purchased a number of shares in the stock company, assumed the editorial management, with Mr. Taylor retiring as publisher. Mr. Paige continued the entire management until the Ist day of October, 1869. At this time, Mr. P. sold one-half of the office to Jabez T. Cox, of Tipton. The business was then under the management of Paige & Cox. This management continued until the 21st day of January, 1870, when Mr. C. bought out his partner's interest, and continued the business in the name of Jabez T. Cox, who was proprietor of. the paper until February, 1872. when a joint stock company was formed, to whom he sold out, and from the Ist day of February until June, the paper was nominally published and edited by the * Crescent Company," though practically W. H. Ghere and T. H. Palmer were really conducting it. the 15th day of June, 1872, E. H. Staley assumed the editorial control and the business management of the Crescent. He was first employed ata salary, but in less than two months W. H. Ghere was taken sick with a premonition that he would not survive. Hence he insisted on selling out his, the controlling interest, to E. H. Staley, who purchased the same for $1,820, and thus became a principal stockholder in the concern.

In February, the company purchased new material, type, fixtures and a $1,400 Taylor cylinder press. The paper was enlarged to a wide eight column sheet 27x42 inches, and printed on brevier type. The enlargement and other improvements made on the Crescent worked a new era in the history of journalism in Frankfort. /Whatever difference existed between the newspapers in Clinton County at that time and the same papers now, ui mechanical appearance, size and management, is due to the new departure taken by the Crescent in 1872. Since then numerous additions haye been made to the Crescent office, both in the news and job departments. A large quarto jobber has been added, a fine four-horse-power steam engine of the latest and most desirable pattern, and other additions and improvements till the prineipal stockholder has himself invested $5,600 in the concern. The subseription list has run up from 375 (what it was in January, 1872) to 1200 more and constantly increasing. It is the aim of the present conductor of the paper to make it a live local and general newspaper, devoted to the interests of Clinton County and of Frankfort. The aim is not so much to make the paper a political organ as a paper to be taken and read by all classes.

The Clinton County Republican. - The first number of this paper appeared September 4, 1856, with T. T. Seott and Alanson P. Tyler, proprietors, and A. P. Tyler as Editor. On the morning of the 17th of January, 1857, it was destroyed by fire, by the burning of the building on the west side of the square, known as the '' Mammoth Brick,' Number 19 was the last issue before the fire. Seott and Taylor re-established it, and issued Number 31 on April 30, 1857. July 16, Mr. Tyler retired from the management, and it went into the hands of a committee, composed of J. N. Sims, John M. Cowan, Samuel Black, Eli Armantrout and William Mitten, with Mr. Scott as publisher.

With Number 4, second volume, October 7th, it passed into the hands of Mr. Scott, who issued three numbers, when it again passed under the control of a committee, composed of Dr. W. P. Dunn, Samuel Black, George Major, Adam Blinn, James Gaster and James H. Paris, This was known as the "Clinton County Republican Publishing Co." Dr. Meredith was made business manager and local editor. It continued under this management until Number 32, Volume 2, when it was sold to Mr. Jesse Miner, who issued eight numbers, the last of which appeared on October 14, 1858,

In December, of 1863, James Beard commenced the publication of the Olinton Republican Banner. This was continued until the 25th day of January, 1866, at which time it passed into the hands of P. W, Gard, who changed the name to Frankfort Weekly Union. We continued its publiention for one year, when Jasper H. Keys took charge of it for a few months, after which it again fell into the care of Mr. Beard, who changed its name to the Chnton Union Banner. Mr. B. published it regularly until March, of 1872, when he sold out to Fletcher Meredith, who changed the name to the Frankfort Banner. My, Meredith continued proprietor and editor, until August 12, 1874, at which time W. H. Hart became its owner and editor, remaining so until March, of 1876, at which time Joseph B. Cheadle took possession, commencing with Number 1, of Volume 13. The Banner office is now provided with a fine cylinder press, new fixtures and type, and has recently been enlarged. "

The Churches

How much civilization, progress and all that is good in morals, government or society is indebted to the churches of our land, few realize. Within Clinton County there are about forty-five church buildings belonging to the different denominations. What these have done and are doing in the way of making the citizens of Clinton upright and honorable in all things, is beyond the ken of human knowledge. Eternity alone can reveal their work. |

We here append a brief history'of the churches in Frankfort, which, in the main, is taken from the Centennial History, and which the Pastors of the churches inform us is correct,

Presbyterian Church

The church was organized in July, 1831, at the residence of Mr. John Douglass, father of Jackson Douglass, by Rev. James A. Carnahan, now of Dayton, Ind., and Rev. John Thompson, one of the Professors at Crawfordsville. far as can be learned in the absence of the first records, which are lost, there were sixteen members received into the organization, viz. : John Douglass, Susannah Douglass, Col. William Douglass, Samuel Mitchel, Hope Mitchel, Joseph McClelland, Isabel McClelland, Samuel McQuern, Mrs. MecQuern, David Barnes, Mrs. Barnes, Rachel Byres, John Gray, Sarah Gray, Samuel Douglass and Annie Douglass.

In 1833 or "34, the congregation built their first house of worship on the lot now occupied by them, at a cost of about -$300. This was enlarged to about double its capacity in 1838, at a cost of about $1,000, including the finishing up of the older part, which had not before been either ceiled o4 plastered.

In 1859, was dedicated n brick edifice, which had now succeeded the old frame, at a cost of about $4,000, This has given place to the beautiful new house, built in 1876, at a cost of $19,000.

The growth of the congregation is marked by these repeated buildings and their respective costs. 'Uhe church has before it a very hopeful future of usefulness, numbering at this date about 175 members.

In the Spring of 1832, was organized a Sabbath school, which is believed to have been the first in the county. This beginning in the county with the church was transferred to the town, and has never been intermitted.

Methodist Church

The first conveyance made to Jacob Blinn, William Irwin and Isaac T. Wilds, Trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church, by Abraham Aughe and Mary Aughe, was Lot No. 77, in Frankfort, and dated August 22, 1834. The second conveyance was Lot No. 78, made by Samuel Rhorbaugh and others, to John Barner, John Pence, Jacob Blinn, Cyrus P. Pence and Jesse Aughe, Trustees, November 4, 1850. The Trustees erected a frame building on Lot No. 77, in 1835. Rev. James L. Thompson was then Presiding Elder, and resided at or near Carlisle, Sullivan County. His first hymn at his first quarterly meeting in the new church was his grand old favorite:

Rev. James Armstrong was the Presiding Elder in the La Fayette District in 1832-34. The district then reached from the Wabash to Lake Michigan. In 1834, Mr. Armstrong resided at Door Village, and traveled to Frankfort and held quarterly service in the old log Court House, south of the Public Square.

The first traveling minister on the Frankfort Circuit was Miles Huffaker. The territory embraced a part of Tippecanoe, Boone, Montgomery and Clinton Counties, and was known as Huntsville Circuit. Huffaker were Steven 'R. Ball, Thomas J. Brown, John L. Beloat, Joseph White, Ancil Beach and Geo. W. Stafford.

On the 12th of June, 1851, the Trustees contracted for the present church building, of brick, which was originally 36x56 feet, to which was afterward added to the length twelve feet. It was dedicated the 20th of February, 1853. The old frame building was sold, at public auction, to Col. J. W. Blake, for 555, and moved lot east, and converted into a dwelling.

The membership of the church is 240, The Sabbath school is in an excellent condition, with J. U. Suit as Superintendent; enrollment about two hundred and seventy-five. Present Pastor, N. L. Brakeman.

Christian Church

The Christian Chureh, of Frankfort, was organized by Rev. Lewis Comer, at the house of John Horland, south of town, in the year 1830. The congregation held religious services at different places, frequently meeting at the Court House, until 1843, when a church building was erected at Frankfort. Notwithstanding the church has labored under adverse circumstances, they have held their organization intact ever since. At the time the church was built here, the membership numbered about fifty, but soon swelled to 300.

In 1872, the congregation erected a very neat frame building, fronting on Jackson street. The church is now in a growing and healthy condition, with one of the best Sunday schools in the county. The present Pastor is J. M. Canfield.

The first court held in Clinton County was held at the house of John Ross, in the town of Jefferson, on the 18th day and third Monday of October, 1830. This was a Circuit Court, and there were present Hon. John R. Porter, Presiding Judge, and Messrs. Samuel Mitchell and John Ross, Associate Judges; also, Samuel D. Maxwell, Clerk, and Charles J. Hanna, Sheriff.

The first members of the Clinton County bar, in the order in which their names appear on the record, were as follows: W. W. Wick, A. S. White, Andrew Ingram, Wm. M. Jenners, Thomas D. Baird, Aaron Finch, D. H. Patton and P. M. Curry; one of whom, Mr. Wiek, was a resident attorney.

Among the first resident attorneys were: James A. Max well, who located at Frinkfort, and was admitted to the bar in the year 1832; A. F. Mays loeated and was admitted in 18?4, and Lucien D. Griggs and. Nathaniel Niles in 1838.

The first ** court docket," which contains a roster of the members of the bar, is for the April term of the Clinton Circuit Court for the year 1836, and in this docket, continued in use until the October term, 1843, the following names appear in the roster as members of the bar at that time, and who were admitted prior to the year 1836, viz.: John Pettit, R. A. Lockwood, S. C. Wilson, Z. Baird, Daniel Mace, Lucien D. Griggs, George W. "Taylor, R. C. Gregory and Benjamin F, Ristine. It is probable, however that some of the gentlemen were admitted after the year 1836 and before the year 1842, the record being a blank concerning the date of admission.

In 1842, at the October term of court, the following-named gentlemen were admitted : Samuel A. Huff, Levi S. Dale, William Wright and Almand Thompson. Joseph E. MeDonald, now a member of the United States Senate from Indiana, was admitted to this bar at the October term, 1843, as were also Senator Henry S. Lane, Addison M. Crane Frederick M Th yer and Joseph F. Brown, : > :

QAM the April term, 1844, the following gentlemen were admitted : James F. Suit, Esq. - resident attorney and father of Joseph C. Suit, who is a resident member of the bar at this time - Robert Jones, Samuel D. Maxwell also à resident member, James N. Simms, who is still a resident me ber, Godlove S. Orth, A. L. Robinson, H. W. Ellsworth, Daniel D Pratt, John 5. Patterson, James W. Dunn and Horace P. Biddle. 8 A

At the April term, 1845, the resident lawyer admitted to the bar waa John M. Cowan. At the October term of the same year, Patrick S. Slevin, N. R. Lindsay and A. L. Holmes were admitted.

Those admitted at the April term, 1846, were Lorenzo C, Dougherty, Joseph Hocker and James A. Moore, all of whom were resident attorneys. James Forsee was admitted at the October term, 1846.

R. A. Lockwood and John B. Powers were admitted at the May term, 1848, and at the next term, held in October of the same year, A. J. Boone, H. Hague, G. W. Griffin, John W. Blake and E. H. Bracket were also admitted, none of whom lived in Frankfort except John W. Blake.

William C. Wilson, Horaee C. Carter, Nelson R. Smith, Hon. Leander McClurg and Joseph T. Pressley were admitted at the April term, 1851, and = P. Davidson and Washington Black were admitted in the following

Under the new Constitution, which took effect in the year 1852, the following gentlemen were admitted: Orvill Hamilton, Hon. Thos. J. Cason,

Since the court docket closing with the June term, 1853, there has been no record of the names of members admitted with the dates of their admission.

The following-named gentlemen are resident members of the bar at this time: James N. Sims, Esq., Hon. Leander McClurg, John Barner, Esq., formerly Clerk of the Court, Hon. Henry Y. Morrison, Joseph C. Suit, Esq., Joseph Claybaugh, Esq., Samuel H. Doyal, Esq., Hon. Allen E. Paige, Jas. U. Gorman, Esq., Perry W. Gard, Esq., Hon. James V. Kent, Esq., Dallas S. Holman, Esq., Samuel O. Bayless, Esq., John A. Merrick, Esq., Cicero Sims, Esq., William R. Moore, Esq. (at present Prosecuting Attorney), Nathan P. H. Proctor, Esq., James E. Cowan, Esq., James R. Brown, Esq., Hon. B. K. Higginbotham, Henry Gaddis, Esq., James W. Morrison, Esq.,

The Frankfort bar is justly celebrated for its number of efficient lawyers, general integrity and ability, as well as for the fact that each individual member is a quiet, amiable, liberal and refined gentleman in every sense of the term. May its good name ever remain untarnished. `

Secret Orders Clinton Lodge, No. 54, F. & A. M.

The Masonie fraternity of Frankfort formed their first Lodge by a dispensation from the Grand Lodge of the State of Indiana, dated Dec. 23, 1843, issued to Jacob D. Vandyke, as Worshipful Master; Win Winship, Senior Warden, and James G. Choat, Junior Warden, with their associates. A charter was issued to the brethren on the 31st day of May, 1844, for the new Lodge, to be called " Clinton Lodge, No. 54," with Jacob D. Vandyke as Worshipful Master; Lucien J. Griggs, Senior Warden, and James G. Choat, Junior Warden.

The first officers elected by the new Lodge were Lucien D. Griggs, W. M.; Thomas W. Florer, S. W.; N. T. Catterlin, J. W.; Cyrus B. Secretary; Daniel Parker, Treasurer; Joseph W. Johnson, S. D.; John A. Hoggart, J. D., and Robert M. Watt, Tyler.

In the Summer of 1873, the Lodge built and handsomely furnished a large and well arranged hall, at a cost of over $4,000. The new hall was publicly dedicated by Grand Master Lucien A. Foote, on the 24th day of June, 1874.

The Lodge now numbers - members. Its present officers are; P. W. Gard, W. M.; N. J. Gaskill, S. W.; T. B. Frazier, J. W.; George D. Halliday, Treasurer; J. M. Gentry, Secretary; S. O. Bayless, 8. D.; William Ashley, J. D.; W. C. Heaton and W. A. Colby, Stewards, and Robert Sims, Tyler.

Sharon Lodge, No. 487, I. 0. 0. F.

Sharon Lodge was organized May 12, 1875, by Grand Master D. B. Shidler. The charter members were H. J. Webster, E. R. Johnson, John Mitchel, V. B. Barnum and J. W. MeClure. On the same night, as soon as the Lodge was organized, there were ten persons initiated, viz.: George P. Gaddis, Samuel Frazee, T. B. Moore, Simon Folk, B. S. Stook, 0. P. Wagoner, John H. Girt, W. S. Dukes, Lewis C. Dukes and W. C. Bartholomew.

Kirkland Lodge, No. 299, I. 0. 0. F.

ter H. Smith, George F. Purdy and Perry T. Gorham. The first officers were John Barnett, N. G.; Perry T. Gorham, V. G.; Abner W. Smith, Reeording Secretary; Carter H. Smith, Permanent Secretary; George F. Purdy, Treasurer.

In 1870, the lodge erected a brick hall, at a cost of $2,500. The membership, at that time, was sixty-nine. At one time, it numbered 104. Two Lodges have recently organized within six or eight miles, drawing heavily from their membership, which, at present, is forty-seven.

The present officers are Johnson Bogan, Noble Grand; James Niles, Vice Grand; Robert F. Ball, Recording Secretary; Joseph M. Kinsey, Permanent Secretary: John A. Kutz, Treasurer.

Rossville Lodge, No. 183, 1. 0. 0. F. Frankfort Lodge, No. 108, 1. O. 0. F.

, I. D. Armstrong, John H. Dunn, James Gastor, T b. Duna and ron. Newton, and received all the Jackson Douglass, I. D. Armstroug and James Gastor are yet members 0

V. G. Jackson Douglass, Secretary ; and J. D. Armstrong, Treasurer. Among the first initiates after the Lodge was organized, and who are m members, are John Barner, W. R. Carter, Enos Hoover, Isaac Cook and A. J. Dolson. The Lodge has had three celebrations, and the orators were | Schuyler Colfax, James H. Stewart and Leander McClurg. 2

The degree of Rebecca was first conferred by P. G. W. J. Dodd, 5 JE Fayette, in October, 1852. In the Spring of 1853, the Lodge hall was dedicated and an address delivered. 2;

A member of the Lodge, who was compelled to work for his daily bread, had the misfortune, about ten years ago, to lose his eyesight, and the Lodge | has been paying him weekly benefits all that time, and will continue to do | so as long as he lives. Here is a devotion to the principles of Odd Fellowship worthy of all commendation, and it shows the efficiency and excellency of the Order. 5

There are a number of members who have been connected with the Order more than twenty-one years, and their zeal for the cause has not abated. In January, 1857, the large hall, with all the records and fixtures of the Lodge, was burned, and in this way early statistics are lost, and can never be regained. The Lodge hall was rebuilt the next summer, and it was oecupied until the year 1873, when it was considered too small to accommodate the Lodge any longer. The Trustees sold it and built a new hall, which, for size, style and adaptation to the work, will compare with any hall in the jurisdiction. The Trustees of the Lodge, when the new hall was built, in 1873, were James H. Parris, David P. Barner and Amos Thatcher, and the following gentlemen constituted the building committee: James H. Parris, Isaac Cook and Washington Morris. John Barner donated the privilege of building the hall on the second story of his spacious block, and the right of stairway. He also put the iron roof. on the hall - the roof to be kept in repair at the joint expense of both parties.

Great credit is due Mr. James H. Parris for the interest manifested by him in attending to the contracting and superintending the erection of the new hall.

The hall is 48 by 56 feet, and contains two very commodious anterooms. The present officers are: George Bruse Norris, N. G.; J. A. Crebs, V. G.; Daniel De Long Secretary; C. M. Palmer, Treasurer; Trustees, John Barner, Amos Thatcher and David P. Barner.

Willis Wright Encampment, No. 36

was instituted in November, 1853, by P. G. M. James H. Stewart, of Delphi, Special Deputy. The charter members were: Jackson Douglass, W. P. Dunn, J. Gastor, J. McFarland, J. 8. Douglass, J. W. Blake and J. W. Dodd. On the evening of instituting, John Barner, Harmon Collins, J. M. Cowan and Enos Hoover were initiated, advanced and exalted.

Abiah Lodge, No. 77, Degree Of Rebekah

is in good working order. The officers are: Daniel DeLong, N. G.; Mrs. E. Heaton, V. G.; U. M. Palmer, Secretary; Mrs. Geo. W. Morris Treasurer. 5

Plumb Lodge, No. 472, A. F. & A. M.

Located at Colfax, Clinton County, Indiana. Pursuant to a call of the Worshipful Master of said Lodge, following brethren petitioners, to-wit: M ©. McDowell, James Arrick, R. A. Clark, William Blacker. John Mitchell, James W. Collins, Samuel H. Doyal, Joseph Boggs, William H. Shulse, Milton B. Waugh, Robert Dunbar, J. P. Seawright, Elijah Campbell, met at their hall at Colfax, Indiana, March 5,1873, A. L. 5873. Bro. M.C Me- Dowell, W. M., named in the dispensation, assisted by James Arrick, 8. W.: R. A. Clark, J W.; James W. Collins, S. D.; S. H. Doyal, J. D., proceeded 0

Mitchell secretary, and caused to be read a dis ensation, granti named brethren, and others not present, E to M. LN Free and Accepted Masons in Colfax, Indiana, under the title of Plumb i U. D., A. F. & A. M. a After reading the dispensation, it was accepted, and the W Master proceeded to appoint the following officers to serve of the dispensation, to-wit: William Blacker, Treasurer; John Mitch 11 Secretary; James W. Collins, S. D.; Samuel H. Doyal, J. p. together with the thirteen charter members, making in all whom one has died, to-wit: S. H. Doyal, March 13, 1875 ; their dimits, three have been indefinitely suspended, leavin of twenty-six working Masons, who are still trying to live u motto, ** Faith, Hope nnd Charity." The regular meetings the first and third Wednesday evenings of each month

1 Agricultural Society was organized at the The June Seth, 1872. with Enos Hoover, President; John _ Xice President ; 8. H. Doyal, Treasurer, and P. W. Gard, NN Barnett, uad sufficient grounds, one-half mile south of the city ota tary. e yearly exhibition, and made the necessary improvemo ements for holding the same during the month of September, : and First Annual Fair for the Fall of 1872, $4,133,88, which amount o lied to the payment of premiums, current expenses, ete. The dude produce, and the display in the Floral Hall far exceeded the of those in attendance. November the 16th, 1873, the follow. y re elected for the ensuing year: Re Hoover, President: i sident; John B. Greene, Treasurer; P. W, 8 M LAT Superintendent. Receipts of the fair for in api other sources, $5,190.32, said sum being applied to the payment remiums, current expenses and the improvement of the grounds and 4 bulldings. Total expenses, $5,212.88. Expense in excess of receipts, $22.56. Exhibitions in all the departments, were equally as good as the precedin ear June, 1874, the following officers were elected : Enos Hoover, President: Samuel Kygor, Vice President ; H. M. Aughe, Superintendent? 8.0. Bayiess. Secretary: John Barnett, Treasurer; Isaac Cook, Marshal, 1 The receipts of the fair for 1874 were sufficient to pay all premiums in full, | and current expenses, with $150.69 remaining in Treasury. _ Officers aa the Society for 1876 and 1877: John Snyder, President ; David Slipher, Vice President; George Smith, Treasurer ; John Bayless, Jr., Secr and A. D. Kern, Superintendent. In June, 1876, the County Commissigg. - || ers bought the fair grounds of the Soeiety, and leased the same to the | Society for the period of five years, at $800.00 per year. On Account of || the extreme wet weather during the week of the fair in the Fall of 1876, the | Society were unable to pay its premiums on stock in full. | Tue improvement that has been made in stock and produce has | 90 per cent. on all the stock invested. Prospects are flattering for the Clinton County Agricultural Society in the future. 3

The Middle Fork Union Agricultural and Horticultural Society, com; of the counties of Clinton, Howard and Carroll, was organized Jan 1872, at Middle Fork, Clinton County, Indiana. The society, at the ti organization, consisted of 100 life members, who elected twelve Diree! four from each county. y

The officers for the first year were John Wilner, President; A. F.V man, Vice President; John Rodkey, Superintendent; W. J. Floyd, Tre urer; Milton Hanson, Corresponding Secretary; Oliver Gard, Recording Secretary. y

The following named gentlemen were the Directors elected from (lint County: Henry Baum. Isaae H. Storms, Thomas Avery and G. W. U The Directors elected from Howard County were Alex. Bishop, $ Schooley, John Morrison and Samuel Rodkey. Those elected from (i County were John S. Cromwell, William Everman, William Farlow J. Wilson. =

WHEREAS, in all ages, and in all countries, skillful and scientific hier. has been the foundation of material prosperity and greatness, and, - believe that exhibitions of nature, the work of art, and the achieve dn science, when conducted on the principles of justice and morality, tendio f the improvement of those who engage therein, we deem it expedientof | order to carry out these convictions, to form an organization. HM

The first, second and third annual exhibitions were all its most sanguine |. friends anticipated. But time proved that 100 life members were too A rainy week interfered with the exhibition, when they were compelled to pay a per cent., and re-organize. A joint stock company then took charge of th enterprise, paid off the indebtedness, and gained the confidence of the lic. Their last exhibition, from August 27th to August 31st, 1877, was! success. The exhibition of horses was especially fine, and would co very favorably with other exhibitions of a similar nature throughont State. The beneficial results of this society are apparent in the ende put forth to improve the varieties of stock. This improvement is ifested, not only in stock, but in all the branches of industry represe at these exhibitions. -SON

The Fair Ground is beautifully located on Mr. A. F. Whiteman's farm, near Middle Fork, Indiana. Itis a beautiful grove, containing thirty acres in fine condition, abundantly supplied with pure water, and affording. lent trotting facilities, having a good half-mile track. 3

The present officers are B. J. Wilson, President; W. J. Floyd, Ti 1 urer; Andrew Catron, Superintendent; Oliver Gard, Secretary. The Dired ors for Clinton County are G. W. Unger, Jacob Avery and Perrine Ti The Directors for Howard County are W. J. Floyd, George Tapp, A8. _ Marshall and W. F. Gordon, and the following gentlemen compose the : E of Directors for Carroll County: B. J. Wilson, William Farlow, Mili | Beck and H. H. Lovell.

was organized January 5, 1872. The first Board of Directors were Davis, Henry C. Ateheson, David F. Allen, William H. Ghere (decessed), - Salem B. Town, John B. Greene, Enos Hoover, Perry W. Gard and Tim £ 1 ^ B. Cox. The original officers were Isaae N. Davis, President: Joseph Suit, Secretary; Perry W. d, Treasurer. pus The original amount of stock was $100,000, divided into 500 sharesof | two hundred dollars each. ) : The affairs of the Association, from the date of its organization, have been maintained in a most prosperous condition. 3 The present Board of Directors are DeWitt C. Bryant, John Barnett % nos Hoover, J. A. Seawright, J. B. Greene, P. W. Gard, D. F. Allen,

P. Barnes and Jos. C. Suit. The officer are DeWitt C. Bryant, President: | | Joseph c. Suit, Secretary ; Perry W. Gard, Treasurer. § nee the organize: | | m 96 ius Association the amount of colleetions and disbursements | xt OWS: First year, $6,292.80; second y ar, $7,131.00; third y 97,472.15; fourth year, $8,354.50; fifth year, $8,411.35; total, $3 being es N i i Mns from ee terrestrial labors to the tables of immortal refi : le Spirit land. Comparatively there ar art ere are but a - Eng in I 3 are but a few left among

Ay y 1 up DP agat; school houses, churches and fine residences meet tl mee = oo 1 eace and plenty every where prevail. Seien one thousa: id ^he land, and ** onward " is the motto in the year of our lad

A LL that part of Indiana south of the Wabash River was originally - possessed by the Miamis. They sh, for in 1658, they were found as far north as Green Bay and the Fox

The Miamis were of the Algonquin family - the tribe which welcomed the Pilgrim Fathers, 'Their dialect,' ys Bancroft, ** was heard from the Bay of Gaspé to the Valley of the Des Moines; from Cape Fear, and it may be from the Savannah to the land of the Esquimaux ; from the Cumberland River of Kentucky to the southern banks of the Missi sippi and was spoken," continues the same writer, ** though not exclusively, in a territory that extends through sixty degrees of longitude and more than twenty degrees of latitude.' renowned warrio they imbibed the s

A good idea of the territory owned by this tribe after they became a separate and distinct people may be obtained from the speech of their chief, Me-she-kun-nogh-quoh, or Little Turtle, in reply to Gen. Wayne at the treaty of Greenville, Ohio, 1795: "You have pointed out to us the boundary line between the Indians and the United States; but I now take the liberty to inform you that that line cuts off from the Indians a large portion of country which has been enjoyed by my ancestors from time immemorial without molestation or dispute. The print of my father's houses are everywhere to be seen in this portion. It is well known by all my brethren present, that my father kindled the first fire at Detroit; from thence he extended his line tothe head waters of the Scioto; from thence to its mouth and from thence to Chicago on Lake Michigan."

Says Mr. Charles B. Lasselle: ** When the Miamis were first invited by the French authorities to Chicago in 1670, they were a leading and very powerful Indian nation. A body of them embled near that place, for ar against the powerful Iroquois (Six Nations) of the Hudson, and the still more powerful Sioux of the Upper Mississippi. They numbered at least three thousand, and were under the lead of a chief who never sallied forth but with a body guard of not less than forty warriors. He could at any time call into the field an army of from three to five thousand men."

Thus from the earliest period we find the Miamis have been a leading and influential tribe. The impress of the name on so many of our Western rivers shows its predominance. The two Miamis of Ohio will ever perpetuate it. The Miami of Lake Erie (now Maumee) likewise named for the tribe. Our own St. Mary's was marked " Miami" River on the rude skeleton map made to represent the Western country at the time of Col. Bouquet's expedition in 1763

In 1761, we find this tribe designated as the Miami, Eel River and Wea tribe. The Wabash River formed a natural boundary between the Miamis and the Pottawattomies. Other neighboring tribes were the Kicknpoos, Piankeshaws and Kaskaskias. From these tribes the Miamis received much honor, and nothing was undertaken by any tribe without first consulting the Miamis.

The first half of the seventeenth century passed without anything occurring of importance, save an occasional brief struggle between some of the Indian nations.

In 1753, disputes arose between the French and English, in regard to their possessions in the New World. Being unable to settle peacefully, they resorted to arms - the Indians assisting the French.

Several important expeditions were planned by the English against the French and Indians. The'one led by Braddock against Fort Du Quesne was the one directly employing the Miamis.

Braddock, although a brave General, was unused to Indian warfare, and thoughtlessly allowed himself to be led into an ambuseade. The Indians, from their places of concealment, poured a destructive volley of musketry, which utterly confounded the English grenadiers, causing dismay and disorder to take possession of their ranks. Out of eighty-six officers, but twenty-three escaped injury. Of the twelve hundred who crossed the Monongahela, seven hundred were cut down and wounded. The work of wh eontinued for three hours. There was no relief but to retreat and ve the field to the enemy to plunder and scalp.

mis were the most powerful confederacy in tions (Iroquois). 'Fheir influence reached to and they received frequent visits from tribes beyond that

Until 1758, all the expeditions planned by the English were seemingly unfortunate, and Indian skill and bravery were everywhere triumphant. At that. time, however, the English army, under Lord Abercrombie, being largely re-enforced, the aspect of affairs began to assume another and different shape. rom thenceforward victory crowned the English arms, the climax of which was the complete overthrow of the French and Indians, and the capture of Quebec by the gallant Wolfe, September 18, 1759.

At the close of the siruggle, so great had been the havoc among the Indians, that the Miamis could summon to the field no more than one thousand warriors,

The 10th of February, 1763, the treaty of peace was made between the two great powers, France and England, the former surrendering to the latter all claims to the vast regions lying east of the Mississippi. But here let it be remembered, in order that future trouble with the Indians may be understood, that it was the custom of the French to purchase from the Indians but very small tracts of land ; accordingly, at the treaty, France had very little land to cede to England.

At the close of the Revolution, in 1783, when Great Britain transferred her western claims to the United States, she conveyed nothing but what she had previously obtained from France, which we have seen was very small, with the exception of some diminutive tracts of land purchased from the Iroquois and Southern tribes. None of the land whatever belonging to the Miamis and the neighboring tribes to the north and west was ceded by this treaty to the United States.

But a different view was taken of the matter by Congress at this period. They concluded that the treaty granted to the United States the full right to all territory east of the Mississippi, and, considering that the Indians had forfeited all right to the land by acts of warfare against the Colonial Goyernment during the struggle for independence, made no movement toward the purchase of the land, but began to form treaties of peace and to suggest its own boundary lines. It had been agreed among the various Indian nations that no treaty should be made with the Government without the consent of all the tribes, assembled in general council. The Commissioners appointed by the Government to superintend these affairs refused to give any attention to the subject of a general council; but, visiting each tribe separately, induced some of them by intimidation, as was afterward shown, to make cessions of land,

The Miamis, believing that injustice was being done them, positively refused to enter into a treaty of any kind. Trouble soon arose which resulted in the expedition against the Miamis, in 1790, under the command of Gen, Josiah Harmar. The Indians under their brave Chief, Little Turtle, defeated the forces of Harmar on several battle fields, with heavy loss.

The following year (1791), another expedition was planned against them, under the command of Gen. Arthur St. Clair. On the 4th of November, near the head waters of the Wabash, about fifteen miles from the Miami village - now present site of Fort Wayne - a severe battle took place between the forces of St. Clair and the Indians, which resulted in a complete victory for the latter - the whites being driven from the field, panic stricken. This was the most severe defeat ever inflicted by the Indians upon the United States, the latter losing in the battle 39 officers killed and 593 men killed and missing; 22 officers and 242 men wounded, with a loss in stores and other valuable property to the amount of $32,810.75.

The command of the United States troops was next given to Gen. Anthony Wayne. Having perfected his organization, August, 1794, found him cautiously approaching the Miami village. The Indians tried, as on former occasions, to surprise him; but the thoughtful Wayne was not to be surprised. The Indians attacking him early on the morning of August 28, 1794, a severe battle ensued, which resulted in a complete victory for Wayne. The haughty spirit of the Miami was broken. He was now ready to listen to terms of peace. Accordingly, in June, 1795, deputations from the. Miamis and from the different tribes of the Northwest began to assemble, in accordance with a request from Gen. Wayne, to make a treaty of peace. 'They were in council several days, when, finally, August 3, 1795, the famous Treaty of Greenville, Ohio, was completed. By this trenty, the Miamis made their first cession of land to the United States, being various small traets in Southern and Central Indiana. This was ceded to the Government partly to satisfy it for the heavy expense it had sustained in prosecuting the war against the Indians. However, the Miamis received as a remuneration $3,000, with $1,000 to be paid annually forever.

On the 21st of August, 1805; on the 30th of September, 1809, and on the 26th of October, 1809, cessions of land were made by the Miamis, for which they-were liberally and satisfactorily rewarded by the Government, in goods and. money.

In 1810, arose the famous Shawnee Prophet, Ells-kwata-wa, brother of the celebrated warrior, Tecumseh. These men, through a singular and somewhat powerful influence, began to exert a wide control over the tribes of the North, and being encouraged by the English Government, the country was soon deluged in the war of 1812. The Miamis were earnestly and eloquently sought to render assistance. Although many of the tribe were in favor of war, their brave but honest Chief, Little Turtle, remained true to his obligations made at the treaty of Greenville. However, on the 14th of July, 1812, Little Turtle died. He was succeeded by Pe-oon, who listened more favorably to the words of 'Tecumseh.

Soon warlike preparations were observed in the Miami villages along the Mississinewa of Grant County. Gen, Harrison at once planned an expedition against them. The detachment consisted of about 600 mounted men, Kentucky volunteers, who were armed with rifles and under the command of Lieut, Col. John B. Campbell. "They left Franklintown on the 95th of November, 1812, by way of Dayton and Greenville, and reached the north bank of the Mississinewa, near the mouth of the Meto-cin-yah Creek, Decem- 17, 1812. Ina rapid charge upon the first Indian village, eight warriors were killed and forty-two taken prisoners, consisting of men, women and children. Thetroops then destroyed three other villages further west on the river, and returning, encamped for the night in a level strip of woods just across the river from Jalapa, Grant County. About half an hour before day on the following morning, December 18th, they were suddenly attacked by the Indians, under the command of John Godfroy and Joseph Richardyille, the latter a son of John Riehardville, who so long and wisely ruled the Miamis. The battle was short but sharp. The Indians, being unable to resist the welldirected fire of Campbell's men, soon fled in dismay, leaving some fifteen of their men dead and forty-eight wounded. The whites lost eight killed and thirty wounded. To the severity of this contest, though of short duration, many of the early settlers of Grant can testify, as the trees bore the impress of the bullets for many years.

This battle closes the war record of the Miamis. They ever afterward remained friendly toward the United States. Tt is true, an occasional brief struggle took place between the Miamis and some of the neighboring tribes. These, however, were generally of minor importance, as the following will illustrate: About 1830, the Pottawattomies, having crossed the Wabash River, the boundary line, were proceeding through the confines of the Miamis. The latter, deeming this an encroachment upon their hunting grounds, met the Pottawattomies near Jefferson, on the farm owned by Mr. Hill, and forbade them proceeding further. Disputes arising, a battle ensued, fought with knives and clubs, in which a number were severely cut and bruised, but no one seriously injured. The Rottawattomies retired to their own territory.

Oct. 6, 1818, was made the famous treaty of St. Mary, in which the Miamis ceded to the United States large quantities of land. However, at this time some valuable tracts of land were reserved by the Indians, among which was that known then and at the present as the " Big, or Miami Reservation." As the eastern part of Clinton County was included in this, we give its boundaries: Commencing near the town of La Gro, on the Wabash, where the Salamonia unites with the Wabash River, running thence through Wabash and Grant Counties into Madison County; its southeast corner was about four miles southeast of Independence, at the center of Section 17; thence running south of west, parallel with the general course of the Wabash River, across Tipton County, close to the town of Tipton, just north thereof to where it intersects a line running north and south from Logansport, which is the western boundary of Howard County, one mile west of Kange line No. 1 east; thence north to Logansport; thence up the Wabash to the mouth of the Salamonia, the place of beginning. There was contained in these boundaries 930,000 acres.

On the 23d of October, 1826, the Chiefs of the Miamis assembled at a place called ** Paradise Springs," where, in council with Gen. John Tipton, Indian Agent, assisted by Gen. Cass and John B. Ray, the greater part of the land belonging to the Indians was ceded to the United States. In payment for this they received $31,040.53 in goods, $31,040.53 in money. The following year, 1827, they received $61,759.47, after which an indemmity of $25,000 was paid to them as long as they existed as a tribe.

In 1834, the Miamis sold to the Government 177,000 acres of land for $935,680. This included a strip seven miles wide along the west side of the ** Reserve," in what is now Clinton, Howard and Cass Counties. This was transferred by the United States to the State of Indiana, to be used for the completion of the Wabash and Erie Canal from the Tippecanoe River down. A strip five miles along the Wabash had been used in the same way, to eonstruct said canal to the mouth of the Tippecanoe River. Again, on the 6th of November, 1838, the Miamis ceded to the United States portions of land which had been reserved by them in former treaties. One important reservation of ten sections was made at this time for the band of Meto-cin yah, father of the present Chief Me-shin-go-me-sia.

On the 28th of November, 1840, the Miamis relinquished, for the sum of $550,000, all their remaining land in Indiana, except that reserved for Meto-cin-yah, which the Government conveyed by patent to Me-shin-go-mesia and his band. The Indians also agreed 4 leave in five years at the expense of the United States. Their departure was delayed, however, unti 1847, when they were removed to the Marais des Cygues, in the For Leavenworth Agency. t

The Kansas Miamis, at the time of their removal, numbered 250 souls, each individual receiving an annuity of about $125. They were removed to the Quawpaw Reservation in 1873, and now number about 150.

The Miami Indians at present are scattered over the country from Grant County on the south to Grand Rapids on the north, and from Napoleon "River to the Indian Territory. on the west. A large par of these are known as the " Miamis of Indiana," numbering about They received in 1875, each, $32.73, as their individual share on the interest of their money held by the United States. The total sum disbursed yearly to the Indians at Peru, by Y. A. Crowell, Special Indian Agent, is $1.200.

The old chief, Me-shin-go-me-sia, is still living with the descendants of his band on the small remnant of the immense territory onee the exclusive property of his ancestors. This band numbers sixty-three, and is the largest number living in any one locality. :

The ten sections of the Me-shin-go-me-sia Reservation was held in common until 1875. In May of that year, a partition was made by the Government, in which all the band participated, each receiving, both young and old, eighty acres of land. Men who had large families now control large farms of.from four to six hundred acres. The land on an average is as good as can be found in this section of country. It is free from taxation, and not subject to sale by the owner until 1881. There will be due the tribe from the Government, in 1879, over $221,000.

As man has ever assimilated to a greater or less extent in all ages, the Indians have generally adopted the dress, language and habits of the whites. Although never becoming truly Anglo-Saxon in so far as the inventive and higher sense of civilization is manifest - although never losing their tawny skins, save in the sense of amalgamation, nor ceased entirely to entertain an affection for the forest and its wildest haunts, the stream and the bark canoe, the spear, the bow and arrow or the trusty riflle - yet some of the Indians in Miami and Grant Counties are a living evidence of the power and intluence of civilization. A rade, uncultivated child of the forests of nature and the primitive wilds, being readily and naturally imitative, he has received from the white man a knowledge of agriculture that enables him to till the soil in a very creditable manner.

From the first trouble with the settlements at Plymouth and Jamestown to those of a later period springing up at other points, both east and west, the tribes seemed ever imbued with the belief that the white man would, eventually, overrun their hunting grounds and drive the red man far westward. How truly thought and said the Indian is now most clearly seen. Such is the force of civilization; such the destiny of the unadvancing, unprogressive, uncivilized of the earth, even to the lowest kingdoms of animal life,

Their births are less frequent than their deaths, and so, as a race, they are withering from the land. Soon they will live only in the songs of their exterminators. . Let us be faithful to their rude virtues as men, and pay due tribute to their unhappy fate as à people.

Source changes here: from History of Clinton County, Indiana. Together with Sketches of Its Cities, Villages and Towns, Educational, Religious, Civil, Military, and Political History, Portraits of Prominent Persons, and Biographies of Representative Citizens. Also a Condensed History of Indiana, Embodying Accounts of Prehistoric Races, Indian Wars, and a Brief Review of Its Civil and Political History, published 1886; 7,169 words in this source stream.

Jackson Township

Jackson lies in the southern part of the county, and is bounded on the north by Center and Washington townships, on the east by Kirklin Township, on the south by Boone County, and on the west by Perry Township. It is the largest township in the county, containing forty-four sections and a greater part of the "Twelve- Mile" Prairie. It was formerly united with Center, the division being effected by order of the commissioners, in March, 1872; accordingly its history is closely connected with that of Center Township.

The soil is of a rich, dark loam, which admirably adapts it to the abundant production of wheat, corn and other small grains. The surface is generally very level, as the greater part of it is , prairie, and consequently considerable attention has had to be given to artificial draining. Since the division of the township, whereby Frankfort came within the borders of Center Township, Jackson has had no village, consequently farming is the only industry that occupies the attention of its citizens.

Early Settlement

Among those who sought to bring the fertile plains of Jackson Township into a state of cultivation were Walter and Anthony Leek, who settled in 1828 on section 4. Others of the same year were William Hogin, who located on section 27; Mordecai Mc- Kinsey, on section 36; Job Harriraan, on section 2; John Wright, on section 31; William Wynkoop, on the same section; Isaac

It being now known that a flourishing colony existed here, during 1829 the number was largel}^ augmented. Among those who came in that year were the following: Edward Cunningham, who settled on. section 31; James Mundell, on section 11; John Martin, on section 32; Manuel Martin, on the same section; Nicholas Cunningham, on section 31; Elihu Buntin, on section 1; Jacob Martin, on section 32; David Martin, on section 32; Hezekiah Strange, on section 6; Robert Buntin, on section 6; Alex. Rogers, on section li; Thomas Canby, on section 30; Samuel Mitchell, on section 23; James Allen, on section 32; Samuel Allen, on section 35.

During the year 1S30 several more substantial men made their homes in the forests of Jackson. They were: John Morehead, who settled on section 23; John Coon, on section 5; Samuel Hutchinson, on what is known as the Farmer's tract of land; Abraham Cook, on section 30; Thomas Rogers, on section 12; others of 1831 were Isaac Miller, Henry Hopkins, R. Reagan, Abraham Chenoweth, Andrew McEntire, Elbridge Hopkins and Edward Miller.

Those of 1831 were William Jenkins, who settled on section 32; John, Thomas and Jefferson Chenoweth, Thomas Myers and Andrew Bowldin. Among those who came soon after, we name Joseph Coon, Benj. Lucas, Joseph Wood, Thomas and Samuel Lyons, John Kinder, Robert Wright, Lee Winscott, John Shoemaker, Moses Williamson, William Moorehead, Elijah Thurman, William Hodgen, N. McKensey, John and Andrew Buntin, Robert Dunn, William Boler, Robert Moore and William Breckenridge.

Eaelt Events

The first religious meeting in the township was held at the house of John Harlaud iu 1830, by the New Lights. Mr. Harland was the first preacher. The same year iiieetings^ were held by the Presbyterians at the cabin of Samuel Mitchell, Mr. James Carnahan preaching. The first church was built by the Baptists in 1840, on the Strange farm.

In an early day a young couple, whose real names we will withhold for obvious reasons, after enjoying the pleasures of a rustic courtship, decided that an early marriage would bring forth much happiness. They according!}' repaired to a newly appointed "'Squire" who had not as yet received his commission from the Governor of the State. He was somewhat in doubt as to his legal right to perform the ceremony, and consulted his meager law library for enlightenment. He finally decided to give them a written certificate which read as follows: "This is to sertirfy that Samel Kouns & polly An Crabtree are intitled to live together and do so as other Marid folks do untill i get my commission when I will mary them full tipP

Jackson Township was organized May 15, 1830, being one of the first in the connty. At this time about one-third of Clinton County was included in its boundaries. However, as its population has increased, civil townships have been taken therefrom, the last division being made March 11, 1872, when a new township was formed under the name of Center, leaving Jackson with her present boundaries.

The first election was held at Samuel Mitchell's, the second Saturday in June, 1830. After this its elections were held at Frankfort until the division, since which they have been held at the Irwin school-house.

Population Valuation And Taxation, 1845

These items, which are a matter of record in the history of Jackson Township, have changed considerably on account of the division. While they are larger in some instances at the present time

Valuation And Taxation,- 1886 Political

In political sentiment Jackson is considered reliably Kepubiican, although the vote was quite close in 1884 where Blaine's majority was only eight. We give here the vote of the township at the last general election November 4, 1884, for President and State and county officers:

Statistics Of Agricultuee

The number of acres of wheat sown in Jackson Township for 1886 is 5,37i; corn, 7,405; oats, 1,588. Number of acres in timothy, 1,347; clover, 945; wild grass, 1,766. Number of acres new land brought under cultivation for crops of 1886, 131; acres of timber land, 4,632.

In 1885 there were 730 gallons of sorghum and 240 gallons of maple molasses made. The number of gallons of milk taken from cows was 307,800. The number of pounds of butter made was 94,040.

for o(ie year. Amoiioj the first members were: George Major and wife, A. C. Irwin and wife, Kobert and Melissa Irwin, Thomas Moore and wife, John Fernald and wife, Mrs. William Jenkins and Eliza Jenkins, Mrs. and Miss Strouse, Benj. Fernald and Mrs. Breckenridgc. Tlie first pastor was Rev. James Haige. In 1875 they hnilt a neat brick church at a cost of $2,600, which is located on section 21, in the northeast part of the township. Its present membership is aboiit twenty and the pastor is Rev. J. A. Campbell. The church officers are: Samuel Snoddy and Thomas Moore, Elders; R. H. Irwin and George M. Major, Deacons; A. C. Irwin and Thomas Moore, Trustees. At one time the membership numbered about sixty but many have moved away or died leaving them with but few members. Those remaining are active and consistent and faithful to this good cause in which they have enlisted.

Sugar Creek Presbyterian Church was organized August 14, 1854, with the following members: John A. Brookie and wife, R. S. Irwin and wife, Roland Rogers and wife, Mary Sims, Jane Ashman, Samuel Bynum and wife, W. Maddox, James Sims and wife, Mary A. Hodge, Cathrine and Mary Brookie, Sarah McKensey, J. W. Allen and wife, John Rogers, Sarah M. Brookie. The first pastor was Rev. J. Wilson. They built their present church in 1873. It is a neat frame building and is located on section 6, in the eastern pai-t of the township. The present membership numbers 103. They are out of debt and in a flourishing condition. The pulpit is supplied (1886) by Rev. W. P. Koutz. The church officers are: R. A. Brookie, S. G. Irwin and Henry Strange, Elders; H. R. Brookie and H. S. Irwin, Deacons.

Geokge Ashman, deceased, was born in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, October 15, 1792. His parents, George and Ellen (Cromwell) Ashman, were natives of Pennsylvania and of English ancestry. He was reared on a farm, and April 19, 1826, married Miss Jane Scott, daughter of James Scott, also a native of Pennsylvania. He continued farming in his native State until the spring of 1840, at which time he removed to Clinton County, Indiana, and located on the land adjoining the Antioch church and school-house in Jackson Towaship. Here he resided during the remainder of his life. They were the parents of seven children - George and Richard survive; James, John, Ellen, David H. and

GrEOEGE AsHMAN, son of the preceding, was born in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, February 27, 1834. When six years of age he came with his parents to Clinton County, and passed his youth working on his father's farm and attending the common schools. His education was completed at Thorntown Academy,- in Boone County, Indiana. After the death of his father he remained with his mother live or six years, then started out for himself, first working by the month and then renting land. In 1855 he went to Guthrie County, Iowa, and entered a tract of land, remaining in that State two years. In the fall of 1864 he enlisted in Company D, Seventy-second Kegiraent Indiana Yolunteer Infantry, and was subsequently discharged on account of physical disability. September 2, 1864, he was married to Mary E., daughter of Aaron and Louisa Leslie, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of France. They have had four children - Emma, George C, Oliver J., and one died in infancy. In 1857 he purchased his present farm which contains ninety-six acres of improved land. Both are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Ashman is a Prohibitionist.

John Baenett was born in Rush County, Indiana, June 5, 1827. His parents were John and Bertha (Ames) Barnett who came to this State from Kentucky in an early day. His father died when he was ten years old, and at that early age he began maintaining himself by working out on a farm until he grew to manhood. He was married March 19, 1848, to Nancy J. Points, a native of Rush County. In 1852 they removed to this county and settled in Sugar Creek Township upon an unimproved farm, where he resided two years, then went to Burlington and engaged in the mercantile trade two years. He then removed to Kirklin Township and followed farming until 1868, then came to Frankfort and engaged in the clothing trade which he continued until 1877. In October, 1868, his wife died. They were the parents of eight children, six living - Melissa A., Charles A. (deceased), Mary J., Sarah V. (deceased), Laura J., Amos E. and William E. (twins), and Medora C. Mr. Barnett was again married in October, 1869, to Mrs. Anna C. Major, widow of Thomas Major, and daughter of JSTathan and Anna (Chamberlin) Piatt, who came from New Jersey to this county in 1828. In March, 1869, Mr. Barnett moved upon his

James Beery was born in Preble Coimty, Ohio, January 22, 18 - , son of James and Mary (Owen) Berry. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, and a son of John Berry, who came from England and settled in Juniata County, and married Elizabeth Merritt, a native of New Jersey. He came here one y^ar previous to the Revolutionary war, was one of the first volunteers, and served through the entire war, over seven years. The mother was a daughter of William Owen, a native of Ireland; his father was born in Wales, and came to America and settled in Pennsylvania, in 1812. The father of our subject came to Preble County, Ohio, and settled in a dense wilderness, where he passed the remainder of his life. James was reared on a farm and resided with his parents until their death, when he succeeded them in the property. January 19, 1849, he married Miss Louisa Burchard, a native of JSTew York and of German ancestry. In the spring of 1862 Mr. Berry removed to this county and settled in Ross Township where he remained three years, then purchased his present farm in this township, which contains 310 acres of improved land. They are the parents of eight children - William, Mary E., Emma S., Edward K., James M., Amanda, Effie B. and Elmer. Mr. and Mrs. Berry are members of the Presbyterian church.

Amos D. Brock was born in Johnson County, this State, in 1824. His father, Elias Brock, was born in North Carolina, February 8, 1800, and came to Ohio, thence to Johnson County, this State, where he was married to Mary Diirbin, a native of Kentucky. In 1836 they came to this county and purchased 240 acres of wild land, and later entered forty acres from the Government. He died February 18, 1839, leaving his wife with seven children, of whom Amos was the eldest. Two had previously died; four now survive. Mrs. Bruck died March 25, 1872, at the age of seventy years. Amos and his maiden sister have since resided on the old homestead. He has from time to time added more land until he now owns 740 acres of improved land. Miss Brock is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically Mr. Brock is a Democrat.

Harvey R. Brookie was born in Carroll County, Indiana, January 11, 1837. He is the son of William and Margaret (Dougherty) Brookie. When four years of age his mother moved to Clinton County, where he was reared on a frontier farm. He resided with his mother until her death, then purchased the interest of the heirs, and now owns the old homestead, consisting of 117 acres of land. Mr. Brookie was first married September 29,1869, to Miss Martha, a daughter of Robert Wingate, who was born in Clinton County. By this union were two children who died in infancy. His wife died June 3, 187J:, and June 10, 1875, he was again married, to Miss Nancy, daughter of Alexander Sims, of Jackson Township. Mr. and Mrs. Brookie are members of the Presbyterian church, and he is a staunch Republican.

John A. Beookie was born in Oldham County, Kentucky, February 6, 1821, and is the second son of "William and Mary (Dougherty) Brookie, natives of Kentucky, and of Scotch-Irish ancestry. William Brookie's father was a son of John Brookie, a soldier in the Revolutionary war; he was shot in the right shoulder at Lexington, Kentucky, which crippled him for life. William Brookie served in the war of 1812. After his marriage lie emigrated to Madison County, Indiana, where he followed carpentering for a time, then returned to Kentucky, where he remained until 1834, when he again came to Indiana, locating in Clinton County. Here he resided four years, then returued to Carroll County, where he died in 1837. His wife survived him until 1868. They were the parents of thirteen children, ten of whom lived to be grown - Mary A., James D., John A., Sarah A., Robert A., Catherine E., Eliza F., Louisa J., Amanda D. and Harvey R. Mr. Brookie was a member of the Social Reform ch\irch,and iiis wife of the Presbyterian church. Politically he was an old-line Whig. John A., the subject of this sketcli, was fourteen years of age when he came to Clinton County, and a year later removed to Carroll County, wher6 he resided until the death of his father. His mother then, with her family, returned to Clinton County. John remained with his mother until he was twenty-tive years of age. May 13, 1850, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary, a daughter of David and Elizabeth McCuUin, the former of Irish and the latter of Welsh descent. Mrs. Brookie was a native of Mason County, Kentucky, where her father died when she was three years of age; after which her mother moved to Adams County, Ohio, and in 184:5, to Clinton County, Indiana. After his marriage Mr. Brookie purchased a part of tlie old liomestead on the Twelve-Mile Prairie, where he lived six years, then settled upon his present farm, which was then a dense wilderness, and improved 280 acres, forty of wliich lie in Boone County. They are the parents of eleven children, eight still living - Eliza M., Marj' E., Harvey R., Esther A., Alina J., Thomas A., William A., Mattie E. The deceased are - James R., John E. and an infant. Mr. Brookie and wife are both members of the Presbyterian church. Politically he is a Republican; was formerly an old-line Whig.