Logan Township (part 1 of 3)

Logan Township

When the writer accepted the task of compiling the history of Logan township he had little idea of the task before him. Of even the scant records there is little left that is available, and none tliat is concise and connected, and our oldest living witness goes back but half a century, a long time, to be sure, but not quite reaching the beginning. Sixt}' 3'ears ago the connti-y along the Wabash was an unbroken wilderness from Vincennes to Fort Wayne, with here and there a trading post established by French-Canadians, and the more daring and enterprising New Englanders. A few scouts and hunters had pushed their way through the almost impenetrable jungles that swept down on either side to the clear, cool waters of the Oubash, and liad paddled up and down her islands, at night pulling their canoes up on the edge of silvery sand-bars, or tying their bows to the limbs of overhanging trees and letting the undulations of the tide and the murmur of the waves among the pebbles soothe them to the^sleep that their weary labors had made so welcome. For miles the country on all sides was the same it had been for centuries. Not a white man's axe had been heard in these lonely solitudes, and no cabin betokened the presence of the palefaces destined so soon to come in and occupy the lands. The echoes of the forest were awakened only bj* the scream of bird, the howl of beast, or the war-cry of the red man. Wild fruits grew in untold luxuriance; purple grapes kissed their reflection in the water; paw-paw and plum trees bent down with the weight of their tempting burden ; green grass carpeted the plains, and deer and antelope cropped it without interruption ; while the woods were alive with birds of every description and the streams abounded with fishes and were black with water-fowl that breeded in the rushes along the shores. No wonder the eye of the adventurer was attracted to this spot, situated as it was along one of the most beautiful rivers in the world, and right in the heart of one of the most fei-tile regions ever known to man. No wonder he lingered in this delightful land, basking under the blue skies of summer and feasting at nature's bountiful table. And when the winds of winter began to sweep down from the north, crimsoning the forest trees and making yellow the long, waving grass, he reluctantly turned his boat down stream toward the settlements, and left this wonderful, silent world to the wild beast and his companion, the Indian, while the snow fell silently through the arches of the woodland, burying the leaves under a sliroud of spotless white. No wonder fabulous tales were told when tlie settlements were reached, and long letters written to friends in the east, relating the glories of the land they had seen, and by their glowing descriptions many brave hearts were tnrned, with their families, on the long journey to find a home in the wilderness toward the setting snn. So much for a brief sketch of the country of which tliis township formed a part, before white settlers began to come in and hew out a home among the overarching trees.

The history of this immediate vicinity opens out shortly after the battle of Tippecanoe, and a legend is still told that the prophet, the noted Tecumseh's brother, wliile on his way to join his tribe with the allied Indians at Tippecanoe, held a council of war under a large burroak tree which stood, until a few years ago, in the rear of the old Methodist church in Attica. This legend lent such a charm to the old oak that many would have gladly seen it spared. Several yeais before anv settlement was made in this vicinity a trading post was established near the village of Independence, six miles north of Attica. Here a daring French-Canadian, named Chiquot, bartered with the wily red man. At that time the river bottoms just opposite and a few miles above Attica were used by the Indian squaws as corn fields, and while the sinewy warriors scoured the forests for game, or lazily paddled over the placid waters of the Wabash, their dusky mates hovered over the fires at the wigwams or watched the growing crops from the peculations of the birds of the air or more formidable marauders from the deep recesses of the woods. And when autumn came, and the silver frosts tipped the blades of maize with yellow and gold, the cars were plucked and dried and carried in skins to the tops of the adjacent clitfs. where they were buried in the earth. On one occasion when a pair of Indians were making their excavation for the ai)ove purpose they came upon a rich vein of copper, and threw out great chunks of ore tliat was very nearly free from dross. AVith their usual cunningness they kept their discovery a secret for a time, and would stealthily dig out all tliey could carry and trade it to Chiquot. At length others of the triiie discovered it, and in time Chiquot acquired quite a cargo, which he loaded on a flat-boat and floated down to Yincennes, wliere he found a market for it. A numbcrof the older citizens of this township, among them John E. Latta Sr. and Enoch Farmer, spent years trying to discover the iiidden treasure, but without avail. Efforts were made to bribe fiie Indians, and scores of the old corn-holes were dug out, but all were unsucces--ful. In 1822 two tribes of Indians, the Kickapoos and Pottawalomies, got into a dispute which resulted in a collision, and a bloodv pitched liattle was fought on the cliffs across the river, bclow E-ickapoo falls. A large number on both sides were slain, and for long

The above, tboiigli not occurring in Logan, is properly a part of the history, as the incidents mentioned are closely allied to tlie history of some of our older citizens. And now for the township proper.

Prior to 1833 the territory now constituting Logan belonged to Shawnee and Davis townships, but the residents of Attica considered it a great inconvenience to go to Rob Roy to cast their ballots, and they accordingly asked for a new township. At tlie March session of the year named the board of commissioners organized Logan township, with the Ibllowing boundaries: beginning at the Wabash river, where the line dividing Sues, li and 23, T. 21, R. 8, strikes the saine, thence east with the said section line to the southeast corner of Sec. 14, T. 21, R. 7, thence north with the section line to the river. The township contains 13,799 acres, and has a population of 2,G09.

The first settler we have any knowledge of was Josiah Bryant, who in 1822 entered the farm now owned by William Clapham. In May, 1824, Abi'am Trullinger entered land near the Claj-pool farm, and in November of that year all the land comprising this township was placed on the market, the sales being iield at Crawfordsville ; 81-25 per acre was the price, and purchases were made by Stephen Taylor, Benjamin Gordy, Jacob Wilkinson, John Brady, Jacob Ilushaw Sr., and Jacob Young. The latter bought the. valuable land now owned by William and Ed. Hughes. At this sale the land comprising the city of Attica could not be sold at any price. October 24, 1824, Jacob Turman settled near the Bryant farm, four miles east of Attica. He was a Methodist minister, and the first preacher who found his way to this section. For years previous he had been missionary among the Indians in the southern part of the state, and his acquaintance with their customs and habits saved his, as well as his neighbors', lives, after he removed here. He built a log-house tiie same 3'ear he entered his land, which was noted because of its durability. It was put together strongly, and in those days was considered the palace of the Wabash. When the Kickapoos or Pottawatomies got on the war-path this house was the rendezvous for all the settlers, the women and children being locked in tlio house while the men stood guard outside. The same year E. Pain entered the Henry JSTave farm, and several other families located <3uring the close of the year. In the spring of 1826 there was another land sale, and George Hollingsworth bought the land comprising Attica at §1.25 per acre.

viewers were appointed by the governor, Joiin Dodley being one of tliein. It was built from Jeft'erson to this place, running east and west through this township, and was completed in 1833. It is still known as the State Road.

The Bethel Methodist Episcopal church, in early days, was the head of Methodism in this section. As early as 1828 we find meetings held in Bryant's school-house, the building then standing about where the church now is. In November of that year the first quarterly meeting for this circuit was held in Crawfordsville, Stephen R. Biggs and Spencer Hunter, pastors; John Strange, presiding elder. At that time Rev. Jacob Turnian was the first minister for Bethel, and John Campbell the first class-leader. The members were the Campbells, Bryants, Wilsons, Parnells, "Waldrips, Burches, Turmans, and others. At the third quarterly meeting of the circuit, held in La Fayette May 2, 1829, Evans Ilinton, William Crumpton, and John Campbell were a])pointed a committee to estimate the cost of building a church at Bethel, and the first quarterly meeting was held in the new church November 20, 1830, James Armstrong, presiding elder, and Samuel C. Cooper and Samuel Benton pastors. At that time the membership was sixty, and the yearly quarterage amounted to SH- Up to 1831 this was known as the Illinois circuit, but at the general conference held in Piiiladelphia in 1832 the Illinois conference was divided and the Indiana conference organized. This was then called the La Fayette circuit, and the first quarterly meeting for said circuit was held at Bethel, December 22, 1832, James L. Thompson, presiding elder, and Nehemiah B. Griffith and Richard Ilargrave, pastors. In 1835 the circuit was again divided. La Fayette being made a station and this changed to Covington circuit. Some of the older inhabitants will remember the big camp-meeting held at Bethel in 1832, at which there were thirty or forty Indians present, who had been driven in by the Black Hawk war. The present pastor of Bethel is Rev. D. Ilandley.

Was laid out in 1825 by George Hollingsworth. The original plat extended from the corner of Brady and Washington streets west on the latter to the river front, thence north to Ferry street, thence east to the alley running west of the Revere House, thence south, on direct line, to the place of beginning.

The iirst store was kept by William Crumpton in a little one-story flame house in the vicinity of what is now known as corner of Mill and Perry streets. Mr. Crumpton was postmaster at that time, and the mails were carried on horseback from Indianapolis to Covington, and from there to Attica. Then Attica liad one mail a week; now she has five a day. The first hotel was kept by Harmon Webb in a little loghouse facing the river, at the western terminus of what is now Main street. This house had additions built to it afterward, and remained standing until a few years ago. In 1825, beside the store and hotel mentioned, there were three other general stores and three saloons. During 1826 some improvements were made; a still-liouse and gristmill combined was erected near where the water-works now are, the burrs being large-sized "nigger-head" stones; a cabinet-shop, a tanjard, and a tanning-mill manufactory were also started. Mr. Orin Arms, who is still living, was the proprietor of the latter. It must be remembered that the wliole town plat at that time, and for some years afterward, was covered with a dense growth of hazel-brush, and the only means of communication between most of the houses was through nan-ow foot-paths.

During the succeeding years a strong rivalry existed between Attica and Rob Roy, while "Williamsport (just across the river) made some pretensions. Rob Roy had Cjuite a number of stores, two hotels, two or three pork-packing establishments, and quite a number of other enterprises, and really was the leading town of this section. There are citizens still living who remember how they went to Rob Roy to do their shopping wlien they wanted something unusually fine. For years the struggle for ascendency was a close one, with the chances apparently in favor of Rob Roy; but when the great Wabash and Erie canal was finished to Attica the battle turned in favor of the Athenians, and the sun of prosperity began to decline in Rob Roy's western sky. Many of her merchants moved to this place; her hotels lost their guests and fell into disuse, and were finally given over to the owl and the bat; store-rooms were stripped of their merchandise, and manufactories of their machinery, and the busy mart became almost deserted, while grass and weeds sprang up in the streets that had been worn smooth by the ever-restless feet. Our neighbor across the river tared little better, and sought to maintain her prestige by constructing the "sidecut," which should open a watery highway to the lakes. Many of our citizens remember how the Wiiliamsporters rejoiced over the completion of that enterprise; a mammotli stall-fed o.x was roasted whole, and the denizens of the country for miles around were invited to partake in the festivities and listen to the congratulatory speeches on that occasion. But even AVilliamsport saw iier star of destiny fading; the "side-cut" gave her shipping facilities, but Attica's superi.or facilities drew from her the trade she had hoped to gain, and ere many years elapsed the "side-cut" began to get out of repair, the locks rotted down and were not rebuilt, bec-anse tlie investment did not jiay. I,a Fayette and Attica tlien locked lioriis, but the struggle was brief, the former city having the pluck, nerve and enterprise to secure to her.~elf the benefits of the old New Albany 6c Salem railroad, a very ini])ortant thoroughfare at that early day. To tliis defeat Attica can lay La Fayette's victory and subsequent unbroken prosperity.

On the completion of the canal, in 184-7, the stage companies liad a rival, and businc?^ in Attica became very brisk. Warehouses, stables and docks were built, and the hum of traffic was heard along the " big ditch." In those days all the "news"' came by packet, and wiien tlie boat pulled up to tiie lauding it was greeted by nearly ail the inliabitants. The landing was at the foot of Main street, and the old stone stairway leading to the wharf was taken away only a year oi- two since. AVitli the completion of the canal came the complications witii the residents of Covington, who, in some manner, got the idea into their heads that Attica wanted to keep the water from readiing tliat jilaee. After nursing tlieir wrath for some time, they concluded to visit Attica and rectify the matter. At length word came tiiat they had started, 300 strong, under the leadership of Edward Haniiegan (afterward United States senator), with the avowed purpose of filling the lower level before the ujiper was filled. The first to sjn' tluin as they reached the brow of the hill was old Jehu Wainsley, who lived on the bluff across the river. He hastily grabbed up a couple of shot-guns, an old "yager," a pistol or two, and came down to tlie river as fast as his horse could gallop, right into and tiirougli the river as hard as he could tear, throwing the watci- around like a crazy steamboat. The Covington army made a direct inarch to tiie locks, and at once o]M'ned the flood-gates. At that time there were twenty or thirty lioats Iviiiu in the u|ipei- level, aiul the letting out of the water would leave them on the rough bottom of the canal. A crowd soon gathered and .several fights occurred, in which Ezekiel McDonald was knocked intii the canal, and Uenry Schlosser, John Leslie and others were slightly injured. The boatmen, hearing of the racket, came down swearing and took a hand, but the superior numbers of the invaders ])revetited them from shutting the gates, and they were compelled to resort to strategy. Several of them slipped away and connneiiccd liauling straw and pitching it into the canal above the locks. This soon had the effect of corking U]i the tlood-gatcs, and tlio water ceased to flow. The canal war was carried on in threats for some time aftifr this, but no open hostilities occurred. The matter was .finally compromised after Ilannegan's return from Berlin, where he was sent as United States minister, and the two towns have ever since got along

Attica was first incorporated as a town at the June session of the board of commissioners, 1849, and on Monday, June 25, the qualified voters assembled in Jesse Farmer's house, and, on motion of James McDonald, John C. Hale was elected chairman, and Davis iTewell, secretary. The officers of the meeting being duly qualified they proceeded to district the town into five districts, as follows: all that part of town south of Jackson street, first district; between Jackson and Mill, second district; between Mill and Main, third district; between Main and Brady's branch, fourth district ; all north of Brady's branch, fifth district. Trustees were elected as follows: Joseph Poole, first district ; Stephen Kenned}^, second ; Isaac Colman, third ; John R. Campbell, fourth ; Edward "Wilson, fifth. Isaac Colman, Esq., administered the oath of office. The following officers were then elected : Stephen Kennedy, president of the board ; C. F. Currier, clerk; IS'. C. Porter, treasurer; J. P. Wamsley, marshal; J. V. Hoffman, collector; Ava Tuttle, assessor; Kersey Bateman, street commissioner. The first ordinance was presented by Joseph Poole, and was for the cleaninu- of the town in view of the near approach of the Asiatic cholera epidemic. J. W. Townsend and E. Briggs were the first to take out liquor licenses, July 6, 1849, and Henry Miller followed on the 17th, paying at the rate of §25 per annum. At the end of the year Davis ISfewcU was allowed the princely sum of §7 for services as attorney and office rent !

Officers elected, 1850: Joseph McMurtrie, Stephen Kennedy, John Hemphill, R. B. Hanna. The subordinate officers were all reelected. Under this board the first order for street improvements was made, the street being Perry.

Officers elected, 1852: H. C. Schlosser, W. E. Standart, J. M. Fleming, J. R. Campbell, Jacob Lebo. In this year James D. McDonald deeded the land now known as McDonald square to the to^yn.

The last meeting of the board recorded was held some time in July, 1852. After that it seems the corporation gave up the ghost. Meetings had been few and fir between, sometimes not being held oftener than once in three months, until finally they ceased altogether. The netxt meeting took place July 8, 1858, with the following board: Marshall M. Milford, president; Joseph Poole, Edward Wilson, Arke M. Hall, Sumner Stowe; Elwood Bateman, clerk, and John Mills, marshal and assessor.

Officers elected, 1865 : J. D. McDonald, president ; ])r. W. L. Levman, A.L. Ross, G. W. Jordan, T. F. Brant; George A. Pynchoii, clerk; John Sheridan, marshal. Under this board the sum of SloO was appropriated to defray in part expenses of a grand celebration, torchlight procession and illumination, in honor of Union victories and the downfall of rebellion. "We cannot forget that night when the town was ablaze with fireworks and illuminations, and the liearts of the people were filled with joy. Xeither can we forget the terrible gloom of the following morning, when tlie news of Lincoln's assassination fell like a pall over the whole nation ; when the liouseo in Attica which were brilliantly lighted the eve before were draped in monrniiii,'. This was the hist meeting of the board of trustees.

Early in IstlO a city charter was obtained, and on the third Monday in June of that year the lirst city election was held, resulting as follows: mayiir, John Gass; treasurer, Samuel Finney ; cleik, Silas Best ; marshal, John Sheridan ; street commissioner. William Myers; coiincilmen. tir.-t ward, Joseph I'eacock and L. B. Lindslv ; second ward, Janic. 1). MrDonahl ami Edward Wilson; thiid ward, Jonas Avisworth and Levi Cutriiian.

New officers elected, 1867: coiincilmen, second ward, William Green ; third ward, Nathan I'lowman ; clerk, George A. Pynchon ; marshal, Allen Overley ; assessor, George F. Ward.

New officers elected, 1870 : councilinen, first wai-d, Leander Arbogast; second ward, Jacob C.Dick; tbird ward, George Rhinesmitb. The latter resigned in Duccinbei-, and Louis Adier filled the unexpired term.

New officers elected, 1871 : councilmen, second ward, Philip Knllmer; third ward, Thomas J. Harvey; mayor, Monroe Miltbrd ; clerk, Albert S. Hegler.

New officers elected, 1875: councilmen, second ward, John C. Bell; third ward, Frank Feuerstein ; mayor, Columbus Nave ; clerk, John McCoy ; assessor, J. A. Wil.^on.

New officers elected, 1880 : councilmen, second ward, John T. Rice ; third ward, Harry Millard ; I. E. Sehoonover resigned as mayor Jnly 7 of this year, and Benjamin F. Hegler was elected to fill the unexpired term.

Transportation And Shipping Facilities

After the bark canoes of tlie Indians came those of the white hunters, and early in the twenties George Hollingsworth, the founder of the town, built a ferry, which was propelled by poles. This primitive concern was run from shore to shore, just between the month of Pine creek and where the railroad bridge now is. This continued the only means of crossing the Wabash at this point until 1843, when Prescott and Conant Green built a horse-ferry and plied it below where the wagon bridge now is. The only navigation of those days was found in the river. , When the Wabash was up steamers were frequently found at our wharves, and sometimes two or three could be seen at once. The natives hereabouts would build great rafts, load them with corn, wheat, apples, etc., and push out into the stream and float down to New Orleans, where a ready market could always be found. Numbers of older citizens have had experience in the perils of flat-boating.

In 1S47 the Wabasli and Erie canal was completed to this point, and our market changed from the south to the north - from New Orleans to Toledo, Cleveland and Buffalo. Scores of boats lazily followed lazier mules along the " big ditch," and after weeks of tedious journeying reached their destination and discharged their cargo. This gradually superseded the river traffic, but in 1856 the Toledo, Wabash & "Western (now the great Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific) railroad reached Attica, and the curse of the mule-driver was drowned in the shriek of the locomotive. In this case, as in the others, the contest was brief. Soon boat after boat lay rotting in the suu, until at last the few hulks that were left floating were but the ghost of the enterprise's former greatness. And now the stagnant waters that flow sluggishl}' by the towpath turn green with envy as they look up at the shining steel rails over which the iron monster flies. After the building of the railroad the wagon bridge was erected across the river (1861), by a stock company, and the ferries, after a brave struggle, gave up the ghost.

The Indiana Xorth and South (now the Chicago and Block Coal) railroad was opened for business in May 1872, between Attica and Veedersburgh, where it connects with the Indianapolis, Bloonn'ngton <fe Western. The contemplated route for this road is from Brazil. Indiana, through to Chicago, crossing the Wabash river at Attica. Work on the southern e.xtensiou is being pushed rapidly, and the grading will be completed to Brazil by July ISSl. On December i, ISSO, Logan township voted a tax of $22,000 to aid in the construction of the road from this city through to Chicago, and the same is to be completed by January 1, 1882. This will give Attica competition in rates (which lias been her onlj' drawback fur years), and at the same time tills will be the general distributing point for the Indiana block coal, the reputation of which is well known.

The Attica, Covington & Southern railroad, which is being built on the tow-path of the old canal, is now graded to Covington, and it is the determination to complete it, during ISSl, to Terre Haute. Attica will remain the terminus of this road, as it will connect with the Wabash, St. IjOuIs & Pacific at this i)oint, and be under the management of that corporation.

Attica also looks with some interest upon the building of the shipcan;il, the plan of which is to connect Lake Michigan with the Wabash by a ship-canal along the low ground of western Indiana, making a junction at or near this city. Congress has taken hold of this matter, and the engineers are now making examinations as to the feasibility of the plan.

The lii'st ui^inufactories established in Attica were tlie distillerj aud grist-mill, very rude in construction and limited in capacity, built by Joseph Collyer in 1830. In 1835 William Crumpton erected the first steam saw-mill and grist-mill. From that time until 1869 the manufactories steadily increased, but for a few years after the latter year they began to decline. Now, however, they are again taking a fresh start, and with the promise of competition in freight rates, and the spirit of enterprise so thoroughly aroused, there seems to be nothing to prevent their rapid advancement in our prosperous city. Among those now in operation are the Attica flouring-mills, with a capacity of 175 barrels per day and a force of eight men ; Fisher, Arbogast & Go's carriage works, which occupies three large two-story brick buildings, with twenty employes ; Hess & Harvey's wagon and cultivator works, occupying three buildings, with eight workmen ; John Schuessler's foundry and machine works, with an average force of six; David Smith's wagon and plow works occupies a large brick building, and gives employment to eight men ; Charles Shipp's wagon and carriage shops occupy two buildings and employ six men; TrulHnger & Go's drain-tile factory turns out 100,000 tile annually, and works from three to five men. Besides these there are a number of smaller ones, besides four elevators, lumber-yards, planing-mill, etc.

As above mentioned, the first tavern in Attica, erected 1824, was the Webb House, a log structure, just across the canal, at the foot of Main street. This had no rival until 1830, when the well-known Indiana House was opened. This was the leading and only tavern for a long time, and all stage lines made it their headquarters. In 1835 a two-story frame house was put up by Delevan Bratt where the Revere House now is, and was called the Attica House. This house was opened in 1835 by William Farmer, who was succeeded by Ava Tuttle, and it finally came into possession of a man named Thornburg. It was destroyed byfire in 1846. In 1843 a three-storj- brick building was erected on the corner of Main and Perry streets, and was opened by Monroe & Sapp, under the name of Exchange House. This continued a hotel until 1856, when it was converted into business rooms, and on the night of January 16, 1864, it, together with the entire square lying between Main and Mill streets, was destroyed by fire. In 1852 the house now known as the St. Gharles was built by May & Whitehall, and was opened by Jasper Eldridge, under the name of Eldridge

House. He was succeeded by Mr. May, and tlie name changed to May House. Aliout the same time the "Attica Hotel Company" built the Revere House, whicli was opened in 1853 by Smith ife Son. Tlie St. Charles is now owned and managed by Mrs. E. M. Fox. The Revere is owned by Chicago parties, and is leased by Louis Adler.

Watek-Works

WATEK-WORKS. The greatest of Attica's improvements arc her water-works. As earlv as 1835 Levi Hollovy leased the McDonald Springs (tlie same now owned by the city), and commenced the work of bringing the water dowTi town. He built a dam where David Smith's residence now is, and in it he " water-seasoned " the logs, which he afterward bored by hand and laid down as water-pipes. He brought the water down the ravine as far as N. S. Brown's lot, then diagonally across to Main street and across to a boarding-house that stood near McDerinond's corner. A section of these old pipes was unearthed a few years ago in digging a cellar, and was found almost as sound as the day it was laid, forty years before. After remaining in his control a few years he transferred the lease to a stock company, which brought the water upon the hill near J. C. Dick's residence, and ran a line of pipes as far south as James B. "Walker's. From this line other lines, running down the intersecting streets, were laid, and for a long time these furnished Attica with a bountiful supply of clear, cool spring water. Up to 1858 the water continued to flow, but the logs rotted in different streets and wore never replaced, and at length tiie enterprise was allowed to fall through. Marshall M. Milford, J. L. Standard, and others, at tlieir own expense, bought and laid iron pipes from the springs to the top of the hill in order to keep the water flowing and preserve the lease. In 1873 the city council took the matter in hand, and finally laid pipes from the Milford hydrant down Main street, and afterward conveyed it to Jackson and Mill streets, and located public hydrants at convenient distances. Thi.s partial system failed to give satisfaction, and in 1875 the work of furnishing the entire town with water began in earnest, and resulted in the buying of tho . j)rings, the building of a reservoir at the foot of the hill, another larger one at the tu|) of the hill, and jiurchasing of two Dean pumps to force the water from the lower one to the upper one, whence the water is distributed to all i)arts of the city. The laying of pipes continued until now the followitig streets are supplied; Main, Jackson, Monroe, Brady, Mill, Perry, Columbia, Pike, New, Yount, Vine, Logan, Fifth and Si.xth, making altogether five miles of pipe. The business part of town, which is 149 feet lower tlian the upper reservoir, is protected by a sys- tem of iire hydrants (and this is being extended to other portions of the city), for which about 2,000 feet of hose, with reel-carts, is provided. Tliis fall is equivalent to a stand-pipe 150 feet high, and, while our works are natural, the water is pure and cool. The entire cost of the works, which are surpassed by none in the state, is only S40,000.

The Schools

The first school-house in Attica was built of logs, and was situated on the northwest corner of what is now "Washington square. The first teacher we have any account of (1S32) was Thomas McFeri-en, who was afterward postn:aster at Eob Eoy for over forty years, and who died at that place a few years since. He was followed by Thomas Dowler, Benjamin Gi-egory, Mr. Easterly, and Davis Newell. In 183!> a frame school-house was built on the lot now occupied by D. Maguire, and Miss Nancy Weaver (now Mrs. Dan Jordan), Miss Fairchild and others taught there. In 18i9 the south brick school-house (now the property of N. C. Porter) was built, and in 1851 the "Canada" brick (now the property of Jolin Kennedy) opened with Thomas M. Coen as teacher. He continued till 1853, and was assisted at different times by Miss Eva "Wilson (now Mrs. Wright), Miss Susana Lebo, and Miss Dean. Thereafter come the familiar names of Prof Torrence, James Hoover, Ansel J. Beech, Miss Foster, Miss Jane Bateman, Mrs. Maddox, David Eailsback, W. Stevens, James Buchanan, Miss Virginia Marr, E. Marshall, Miss Beckie Lawrence, E. S. Pickett, Mr. and Mrs. Baker, S. P. Atkinson.

In 1867 the present imposing edifice was erected at a cost of nearly $40,000. It is a three-story building, containing ten rooms and a chapel, capable of seating 500 persons. Tiie building is heated by furnace, and is constructed in modern style with everj' convenience. The schools of Attica, since the erection of this building, have rapidly advanced in importance, until now they stand second to none in the state, and are annually attended by many pupils from abroad. Its corps of teachers, nine in number, are all eminently qualified to teacJi their respective grades. The state board of education has acknowledged the high standard of these schools by making a certificate of graduation here a passport to the freshman class in the State University without examination there. The principals of our public graded schools, since the erection of the new building, have been as follows, in the order named : Prof J. K. Waltz, Prof J. W. Caldwell, Prof M. A. Barnett, Prof E. H. Butler, Prof B. F. French, Prof W. Buzzell. The present teachers are: Lodie E. Eeed, preceptress high school; Will B. Reed, A and B grammar grades; Carrie L. Hays, C grammar grade; Kate Finney, D grammar grade; Jennie Lindsly, A primary grade; Lizzie II. Poole, B primary grade; A. M. Baker, C and D primary grades. Mrs. Baker is the oldest teacher in service in the city, liaving taught in Attica since 1857. The present school board is composed of Leander Arbogast, president; Samuel Finney, treasurer; Jonas C. Aylswortli, secretary. Tlie number of scholars enrolled for lSSO-81 is 480, and the building is capable of holding 800. Tiie sichools have collected quite a nice cabinet, which is constantly being added to. The McClure library is in their possession, and is quite an acquisition to the facilities for learning. The schools have also a fine set of scientific apparatus. The grounds are evenly graded, and beautified by handsome shade trees, and the whole is surrounded by a substantial iron fence. The reputation of our schools is not confined tv Attica l)ut extends far and wide, many pupils being in attendance each vear from abroad. They arc a source of pride to every citizen of

The Churches

Of the Methodist Episcopal church in Attica we are unable to learn exactly when it was first organized. As early as 1829 its pioneer ministers visited Attica once a month or oftener, and preached in the log school-house on "Washington square. At that time we find Eev. James Armstrong presiding elder of this district, which then embraced nearly one-fourth of the state. He was followed in 1830 by Rev. James L. Thompson, and the latter by Rev. Thomas Brown. Of the circuit preachers between 18-30 and 18i0 the following are recalled: II. Yredenbcrg, Richard Ilargrave, Rev. Griffith, Charles Ilolliday, Rev. Dillon, Rev. Swank, E. Sewell, J. L. Tiiompson, H. B. Beers, Walter Hoffman. From 18i0 to 1850 the following were presiding elders : J. E. Smith, Samuel Cooper, John Daniels, Joseph Marsee. During the same decade the following were circuit preachers: James De Motte, J.

E. Holdstock, Amasa Johnson, J. S. Donaldson. After preaching in the school-house awhile they secured a iiouse that stood west of the Revere Iiouse. Thence they changed their place of worship to a cabinet siioi> on Jackson street. Tiien they moved to the new schoolhouse on" Maguire's lot. In ISH the old Methodist church was built. This continued to be the place of worship until 1870, when the present brick edifice, which is the finest in the city, was built at a cost of $12,000. The church has also erected a handsome brick parsonage on the same lot at a cost of §4,000. The presiding ciders and pastor.-; from 1851 to 1881 are:

The First Baptist church of Attica was organized December 20, 1842, at Rob Roy, with following membership: Daniel Myers, Joel L. Jones, Dr. Thomas, Caroline Thomas, Ruth Jones, Susan Pain and E. Pain. On February 4-, 1843, they called Elder D. S. French to the pastorate. The first revival began January 28, 1843, and lasted one week. Eight additions to the church were made. On July 29 of the same j'ear the first sermon by a Baptist minister was preached in Attica, the minister being Rev. French, and at its close John Martin was baptized. In July, 1844, a branch of the church was established ill Attic;i " to do business and report to the motlier cluirch at Hob Roy." In November, 1850, the chnrcli was removed from the latter place to Attica. Tiie church then met in a cabinet shop standinij; near where Stanis Bernhart's residence is. The iirst celebration of the Lord's Supper took place in the old Methodist Episcopal church, and the first protracted meeting (1850) resulted in the addition of six. Meetings were held in Jordan's Hall after this, and in 1855 the present church edifice was built, to which was added a parsonage in 1875. The pastors since 1845 have been R. S. Monroe, Rev. Webb, J. G. Kerr, E. L. Miller, Rev. Marshall, Rev. Deweese, E. J. Covey, L. McCreary, Rev. Clai-k, Rev. Martin, Y. O. Fritts, L. McCreary, E. J. Covey.

The Presbyterian chnrcli of iVttica was organized January 20, 1843, bv Rev. James A. Carnahan and Rev. John Fairchild, with the following members: Curtis Newell, John Davidson, Ann Maher, Henrietta Hawkins, Catharine "Wheeler, Elizabeth Young, Isaac Lutz, Elizabeth Schafer, Ann Bradenburg, Elizabeth Donley, Deborah Martin, Isaac Fisher, Israel Young, Sodiva Davidson, Parnelia Tnttle, Eunice Fisher. Rev. Fairchild was the first pastor. The church fii'st held services in the frame school-house on Brady street, and at that time a cornfield adjoined it on the east, extending from Main street south. The present church was erected in 1850, but has been greatly improved since. The pastors since 18-lG have been A. F- White, A. McCorcle, J. Delainater, H. M. Bacon, W. R. Palmer, H. ?I. Cambern, G. G. Mitchell and William Wilmer, who commenced his pastorate October 1, 1871, and still continues. The church membership is 100, and the Sabbathschool attendance is about the same.

The Swedish Lutheran church was organized in 1858, and held the first seiviucs in the south brick school-house. In the followiug year their present i)laco of worship was built. Their first pastor was Rev. Norlins, and he was succeeded by the following ministers in the order named : Rev. Andrew, Rev. Duell, Rev. Johnson, Rev. Bergren, Rev. Tornquist, Rev. Gustafson and Rev. Johnson. They have a comfort- parsonage near the church. The membership is 135, and the church is in a prosperous CDUilitiun.

Grace church (Episcopal) has a comfortable church Imilding, but is now without a rector. There are twenty communicants when the organization is in working order.

Tlie Catholic clnireli in Attica was organized and the church built in 1860, and tliey have now 150 members. They have a parsonage and a cemetery. Tiev. Father Lemper is the pastor.

In January, 1874, Rev. C. S. Gitchell, of Michigan, a Free Meth odist minister, came to Attica and began protracted meetings. Tiipse meetings soon became remarkably interesting, and a large number were converted. At the close of the meetings a Free Methodist church was organized, and they immediately began tlie erection of a house of worship, completing it the same year at a cost of S3,0()0. They also bought a parsonage adjoining the churcli at a cost of S3,000. The ministers after Rev. Gitchell were Peter Zellers, X. Y. Godman, A. L. Leonardson, F. H. Haley and Rev. Hyle. They ha^e a membership of fifty and a Sunday-school attendance of sixty.

Attica Lodge, No. 33, LO.O.F., was chartered April 20, 1846, and instituted by S.D.P.G. Ben. B. Taylor, of Washington Lodge, 2so. 11, on June 8. The charter is signed by the following Odd-Fellows of that early day: George Brown, D.D.G.S. ; John H. Taylor, G.M. ; Wm. Sullivan, D.G.M. ; Stuart W. Cayce, G.S. ; I. B. McChasne}, P.G.; J. P. Chapman, P.G.; W. A. Day, P.G. ; and H. D. Johnson, P.G. The charter members were: Jasper J. Eldridge, Kewman C Porter, Ava Tuttle, John 0. Wade, Finley L. Maddox, and Jolin Me Mannomy. The two last were members of Covington Lodge, Xo. 21, and lent their names and membership to organize this lodge. Tiiefiist officers were John McMannomy, X.G. ; Jasper J. Eldridge, Y.G. ; Ava Tuttle, Sec; Newman C. Porter, Tr. McMannomy resigned at the nest meeting after the lodge was instituted, and Porter v i-. elected to the vacancy. The first trustees, elected in 1848, weie N. C. Porter, Ava Tuttle, and D. K. Llays. The first initiates weie .:i Philip Lutz, Wilson Jacobs, John R. Campbell, Robert Anderson, and ^ Samuel L). Mentzer, who were admitted June 10. Li 1867 the lodge "^ erected a three-story brick structure on the west side of Perry street, known as the Odd-Fellows' building, which cost 814,000. It wa> \| dedicated June 17, 1868, by G.M. Samuel L. Adams, assisted by || P.G.M. Underwood, of La Fayette, and G.S. Barry, of Indianapolis. An able public address was delivered by the Rev. B. F. Foster, of Indianapolis, now grand secretary of Indiana. A few years since onehalf of the first and second stories was sold to N. C. Porter. Tiie lodge owns the remainder of the building, their spacious and elegant hall occupying the upper story. This lodge has twenty-one past grands and a membership of eighty-four. The orphan fund is §491, and tlie officers: T. W. Hively, Pres. ; George Idle, Vice-Pres. ; G. T. Wood, M.O.F. and G. ; John C. Bell, P.P.; John Songer, Ree.Sec. ; Enoch Glover, Fin.Sec. ; J. C. Phillips, Cond. ; Geo. P. Bell, Tr. ; Wm. Xail, O.G. ; Tillman Inlow, I.G. Trustees: R. Beamer, Moses Idle and J. Glover. The lodge meets on Tuesday night of each week.

Logan Lodge, So. 17, I.O.U.W., was instituted March 18, ISSO, by state representative W. M. Davis. The present officers are R. Blodgett, M.W.; F. Rohltiug, Rec. ; Fred Lash, Fin., J. A. Henney, Tr. Trustees: F. Rohlting. Philip Frombach, John Schucssler. The membership numbers twenty-nine, and the lodge meets every Friday evening.

The Blue Ribbon Club was organized on March 15, 1S7S, while a temperance revival, such as had never been seen in this section before, was in progress under the leadership of Hnghes and Ward, the well known apostles. Tiie membership then was 1,600, and the first officers were J. R. Latta, president; J. E. Jennings and Charles Shipps, vice-presidents; James Martin, treasurer; Will Gass, secretary; J. C. Lebo, assistant secretary. They now have a nicely furnished hall in Ford's block, and have regular meetings on Friday evening of each week. The officers are William Conner, president; Mrs. A. M. Baker, J. C. Lebo, John Hurley and Philip Weisert, vice-presidents ; Sophia Smith, and G. W. Jordan, secretaries; Jennie Wilson, treasurer. The present membership is about 1,400.

The Women's Christian Temperance Union was first organized in the spring of 1874, with Mrs. M. W. Aylsworth as president. In 1877 it was merged into the Blue Ribbon Club and not revived again until the spring of 1880, when Mrs. Emma Malloy, state organizer, held a series of meetings and reorganized it, with Miss Lodie E. Reed as president, and 63 members. It has since increased to 100. It has endeavored to educate the people by introducing a temperance column in the Attica " Ledger,'' a temperance text-book in the free schools of Attica, a temperance school on Sabbath afternoons, a bulletin board in the post-office, and by billholders containing temperance literature placed in the depots and hotels. In evangelistic work it has introduced temperance lessons in the Sabbath-schools quarterly, a temperance prayer meeting bi-monthly, and a temperance sermon twice a year from each pulpit. In the work of reform it has assisted the families of the poor and encouraged the weak by frequent visitings among them. The present officers are Lodie E. Reed, president; Mrs. Lower, Mrs. James Martin, Mrs. F. Jennings, Mrs. Ahrens, Mrs. J. C. Dick, Mrs. W. Connor, Miss Kate Burrows, and Miss Lou Burke, vicepresidents; Mrs. A. M. Baker, recording secretary; Miss Jennie Wilson, corresponding secretary ; Mrs. Carrie Martin, treasurer.

The first weekly paper published in Attiea was called the "Journal." Enos Canutt and Jonathan C. Campbell brought the paper fi'oni Independence, where it had been issued as the "Wabash '"Eegister." The first number liere was issued in 1845. Tiie office was soon transferred to J. J. Taylor and Davis Newell, coining at length into Mr. Kewell's hands. It afterward reverted to Mr. Canutt's possession and he moved it to Willianisport and started the Wabash " Coniiuercial," now the "Warren " Rejjublican."

In August, 1851, Jatnes P. Luse, now of the Indianapolis " Journal," started what is now the Attica " Ledger," at Covington. He sold it to Isaac A. Kice in May 1852. The latter ran it in Covington but a short time, democracy making it so warm for him that he was compelled to move it to Attica the same year, where he conducted it until 1858. In 186M Mr. Eice was put on the track as republican nominee for congress, but he died at Delphi, wliile making the canvass, August 1.

Mr. Clark W. Batcman, now of Goshen, succeeded Mr. Rice, and continued as publisher for four years, when he disposed of it to Mr. 0.?ear F. Staftbrd, who took possession July 1, 18G2. On the night of January 16, 1864, tiie office was consumed by fire, but Mr. Stafford furnished the outcoming number by printing it at Williamsport. A new outfit was soon purchased and not a number of the paper missed. He sold the paper to I'.enjamin F. Ilegler, now mayor of Attic;!, September 24, 1SG4. The latter continued as editor for a little more than ten years, and November 13, 1874, sold it to Lewis D. Hayes and Albert .-. Pcacuek, who conducted ,it until July 1870, when the latter withdrew. Mr. Hayes continued as publisher until April 22, 1880, when he sold to the present proprietors, A. S. Peacock and H. C. Martin. New power ]iresscs, and other new machinery and material, have just been added, and it now occujMes one of the most comfortable offices in this part of the state.

On Frida}-, July 27, 18G0, George H. Alarr issued the first number of the Attica "Bulletin," and continued its publication about a year. "While ])ublishing this he also attempted to establish a daily, but was com])elled to give it up al'tcr a week's trial.

Early in 1874 Mr. J. II. Spence, who had been publishing a paper at Veedersburgh, started the Fountain county "IKrahi" in .Attica. Some time in the summer he moved the otlicc to La Fayette and afterward to Covington, where it is now conductetl by Air. Speiicc under the name of "Spence's People's Paper."

III 1878 George Rowland started the Attica " Journal," which Burvived about one year, when it was removed to Covington, and is now I being published as the Covington "Journal."

In the above history the writer has been confined to Attica principally, because it was settled many years before Logan township was laid out, and because the history of the city is practically that of the township. He has endeavored to give a correct idea of the advancement of Attica from a settlement composed of half a dozen log-huts hidden in the wilderness to her present prosperous condition. From the hazel-thicket that covered this locality in 1825 has sprung one of the handsomest little cities of western Indiana. With her 2,500 population, she has graded and graveled streets, and is supplied with an unlimited amount of the purest spring water; her business blocks are of brick, built in modern style, three-fourths of which have handsome plate-glass windows ; her handsome school-house is a credit to the state ; her nearness to the great coal-fields of Indiana, and the great scope of rich fanning country, all go to make her what she is - one of the busiest, liveliest and most prosperous cities in the state.

Wilson L. Turinaii, merchant, Attica, was born February 16, 1824, on the Sangamon river, south of Decatur, Illinois. His grandfather >| ' settled at a very early day in Sullivan county, this state, on Turman's creek, which received its name from him. He was a Universalist in religion, and being naturally energetic, could not rest from pushing all he did with much vigor and resolution. His son Jacob embraced Methodism, and being moved to preach the gospel, prepared to do so; this displeased the father, who imputed his son's purpose to indolence, and he discarded him. The son went into Illinois on a mission to the ;; Indians, and was traveling and preaching among them four years. It was during this period that the subject of this sketch was born. The father finally relented and recalled Jacob. He was considered wealthy for those times, and the Indians had concerted a plot to massacre his family and plunder him of his property. On the first night of Jacob's return his father invited him to conduct family devotion, and while so engaged the Indians surrounded the house, but peeping in saw the family at prayers, and not daring to oflfend the Great Spirit, withdrew. They crossed the river and attacked a house in which was a woman with her two or three children alone for the night, and brutally murdered -them. This circumstance was often related by Richard Hargrave, the known Methodist preacher in these parts who followed close upon the first settlements. The wife of Jacob Turman was Susan Rollins, nf Lexington, Kentucky, ;i distant relation to Henry Clay. Tliis family settled in the Bethel neighborhood in October, 182i, not long after the birth of our subject. This was the year in which the first settlement was made in Logan township; several families came and located here in the spring. Mr. Tiirman was raised and has spent all his life life in this place, except three years that he was in the army. His father (lied when he was fourteen years of age, and he worked at farming till he was twenty -four; since that time he has been in the warehousing business, or merchandising, in Attica. He was married May 1, lSi6, to Miss Margaret Brier, whose father, Samuel Brier, was among the earliest settlers at Rob Roy. They have five daughters and one son. The latter, Sainuel, was born May 14, 1852, and married Miss Ollie M. Keller, March 6, 1878. These have a son, born March 8, 1879. Mr. Turman enlisted in Co. C, 86th Ind. Vols., August 13, 1862. At the battle of Stone River he was sent back with the wagon train that was ordered to return to Kashville, and was in the afi'air at Lavergne when Wheeler's cavalry made their descent and destroyed a great number of wagons and quantity of stores. Jl Before the forward movement of the Army of the Cumberland, in JuDe 1863, he had become greatly reduced by dropsy, jaundice, and diarrh(pa, and was sent to tlie rear and attached to the Invalid Corps. As the train which bore him from Murfreesboro slowly departed, traversing and leaving behind the famous battle-ground, it was the unhappiest moment of his life. He did duty in guarding prisoners, and besides served as commissary sergeant at Camp Douglas, and was m\istered out July 3, 186;').

George Nave, farmer and grain-buyer, Attica, second son of John and Anna M. (Umbargcr") Nave, was born in Kicholasville, i^esmond founty, Kentucky, in 1817. Tiie family removed, the next year, to Butler county, Ohio; and in 1828 to Fountain county, Indiana, settling two miles south of Attica. Here Mr. Nave has lived since, until four years ago lie moved into Attica. Mr. Nave began life as a young man with verv little capital, but he had energy and was industrious, and now enjoys the reward which fortune pays to a judicious combination of toil with calculation. His attention lias been closely absorbed with raising grain and hogs and buying land ; and it is a notable fact that he has never conveyed but one piece of land ; this was fifty-seven acres on Shawnee creek, on which tiie Nave mill stood, and was sold to Decatur J. Shepard. He owns 2,00(» acres: of this 751 acres lie close to Attica; SO acres on Turkey Run ; 26(t acres in Iroquois county, Illinois, and 900 acres in Webster county, Iowa. This is all eligible to market, and valuable. For sixty-three years Mr. Nave has renounced the claims and tiriidy withstood the excitement of politics, having never in all his life cast a single ballot. He was married in 1846 to Ann Eliza Cook. Of his two sons, Hiram and Columbus, the latter is the only one living. The former died at the age of fourteen.

Thomas C. Wiggins, farmer, Attica, was born in Logan township, October 8, 1830. In 1828 his parents, Joseph and Sarah (Foster) Wiggins, settled in this place on Sec. 16 ; the next year his father entered a piece of land where the snbjeet of tliis sketch has always lived. His father and mother both died on the place, the former in 1860 and the latter in 1872. He received a good English education at the Friends Bloomingdale Academy in Parke county, and at the Farmers' Institute in Tippecanoe county, attending each a year after he became of age. On the 27th of February, 1862, he was united in marriage with Maria J. Herring, who died in 1869, having borne two children : Clara, born December 12, 1862, and Lettie, August 20, 1866. Mr. Wiggins has been [township assessor the last five or six years, and was census enumerator of Logan township for 1880. His political views are republican.

Orin Arms, farmer, Attica, is a native of Vermont, having been born in Washington county, of that state, April 21, 1801. In 1821 he came to Michigan on a sight-seeing tour, and in January, 1829, again came west, this time arriving in Indiana, and making a few months' sojourn at Eugene. In the spring he went down to JS'atchez as a hand on a flat-boat, and returned by the river to St. Louis and Galena. The Indians were numerous along the river. Fi-om Galena back to Eugene he traveled the whole distance on foot; the country would have been a continuous solitude had it not been broken b}- great numbers of the aboriginal inhabitants at Rock Kiver and Peoria, and a few isolated habitations of white men, some- of which were forty-five miles apart. He was at once employed by James and Robert McCollum, two New Hampshire men, and fahning-mill makers, with whom he had come from Detroit in company, in the early winter. In 1830 he and James McCollum formed a partnership to carry on this business. They came to Logan township, and at Judge Milford's made twenty of these mills; then I'eturning to Eugene, made twenty more. The making and peddling this stock constituted their summer's work. These mills were the first manufactured in this section of Indiana. In the fall of this year he got the ague, which was punctual in visiting the settlers at all seasons of the year, and shaking them up in the most lively and impressive^manner. Breaking this up, he diversified his western experience during the following winter with corn buying at Health Prairie, on tlie west side of the Wabash, between Newport and Terre Haute. When the water rose in the spring he floated his boat, laden with

2,IIU0 bushels, down tlic great liigliway to the soiitlieru, and the only, market. He had paid ten cents per bushel for this cargo, and had to dispose of it at about the same price, which tanght him the significance of a I0S.S and gain account with the balance on the losing side. He took passage from New Orleans for New York and was si.xteen days between those ports. He had the ague more or less from the time he reached the Mississippi till he disembarked at New York. Returning home to Vermont, he stayed there during the summer, and in September went back to Indiana, driving a horse and buggy all the way, except between Buffalo and Lower Sandusky he traveled by boat, and readied Eugene in about thirty days. Immediately on arrival, October 4-, 1831, he married Miss C^yiithia Hubbard. In Deceuibei he settled in Logan township, this county, on the place which he still owns and occupies as a homestead, having purchased it from a man named Casey Emmons. The land in this neighborhood, about a mile from Attica, was then called " barrens," and was considered third rate in quality. For several years now Mr. Arms varied his employment with clearing and tilling his ground, carpentering, making fanniug-mills, piloting boats on the river, and anything else that he could get to do. Wages were low, money scarce, and good hands could be hired for -$8 to §10 per month. His wife dying December 19, 18-13, in IS-tti he married Elizabeth Stevens. His first wife's children were J.ucctta L., Solon H., Azro A., Laura Ann and Ira O. ; and the second wife's, Amanda, Cynthia A. and Ciiarles F. Mr. Arms has been township trustee and school ofticer. He was formerly a whig, but since the dissolution of that party has been a rcpnlilicnn. In his home farm are 250 acres; lie has IGO more in licntdu county, forty-two in Shawnee township, and twenty acres of timber in Richland. He was never robust, but has always been in a "complaining" state of health and strength, and much doctored ; yet he has far outlived the allotted length of life, accumulated considerable property, and done much good as a common citizen. His. steady industry and temperate habits have, no doubt, had much to do with this. At fifteen he began using tobacco ; at si.\ty quit the habit, laid aside his spectacles, aTid gradually becjime less nervous ; now at the age of eighty few gray hairs can bo found in hi> head, his hand is steady, and he reads well with the naked eye. Airs. .\rms is a member of the Old School Baptist church.

Ilarley Greenwood, retired, Attica, was born in Hcthel, 0.\ford county, Maine, April 18, 1800. His father's christian name was Nathaniel, and his mother's maiden name was Mary Mason. He obtained a good education, and when about twenty years of age left home in company with a younger brother, both seeking their fortunes in the world. They started with 820 apiece in silver, which had been given them by their parents. Mr. Greenwood still has in his possession the little purse which his mother presented him when he was leaving. They were controlled by no definite plan, but drifted to Boston and New York; going into New Jersey, stopped and remained there some time teaching school. Fi'om here they went to Virginia, arriving there on horseback, and continued school-teaching. His brother finally read medicine, and in a few years went to Indiana, where he practiced a little while and then quit the profession for merchandising. He located at Rob Roy, in Fountain county. At that date this point was one of growing importance; and when the older brother ai-rived in the fall of 1831 it was the largest place between Indianapolis and Chicago. Our subject had a little money when he got here and at once invested it in the store in company with his brother, whom he found already engaged in trade. The county was very sickly at this early period, and the latter was stricken by disease and died in 1833. It had been the intention of the two to erect a flouring-mill, and Mr. Greenwood, acting in accordance with the original purpose, built at Rob Roy the first one of any cousequence ever raised in the county. A pair of " raccoon burrs" had been doing a little work there before this time. This "corn-cracker" stood on the first "eighty" that he bought. Mr. Greenwood now turned his attention wholly to this business and to farming. Milling became very profitable. Money was very scarce, and exchanges were carried on chiefly by barter; the mei'chants sold goods and took their pay mostly in wheat. Four and a half bushels made a barrel of flour; but the merchants were willing to give five bushels, furnish the barrel, and pay fifty cents, and take an article that would pass in New Orleans for two-thirds superfine ; and it would have been a miracle had a miller been found who was loth to take it. For many years Mr. Greenwood operated extensively, and in the meantime accumulated a handsome property. At one time he had upward of 1,100 acres of land. In 1872 he sold 600 acres for S30,o00, and his landed estate now comprises 540 acres. He sold the mill in 1865 to A. A. Greenwood and F. W. McCoughtry. In 1833 Mr. Greenwood returned on horseback to the valley of Virginia, and in March was married to Miss Frances Davis. She died in November, 1837, and the following year he went again to Virginia and brought away a second wife in the person of Miss Fanny Timberlake. By the first marriage were born two children, which died in infancy. Mr. Greenwood has been a leading citizen of Fountain county, a man to whom the people always went for counsel and to transact legal and other business for them. Probably no other did as much business as administrator and oiuirdiaii as lie; he has liad as many as thirty cliiklreii uiidei- his charge at a time. His commercial honor and financial integrity were always of the higliest order, and inspired the soundest confidence. Under the circumstances it was impossible for him altogether to escape officeholding. He was count}' commissioner, probate judge, and justice of tlie peace. When the citizens of Shawnee township were subscribing money to raise substitutes during the rebellion Mr. Greenwood ofiered to give $1,000 more than any other man, and did so, paying $2,000. The amount raised was §16.000. The democrats would not be satisfied to send any other than him to Indianapolis to hire the men and disburse the funds, so he went as agent for the township. When he sold a part of his farm, in 1S72, he removed to Attica, wliere he lias since lived in retirement. Tolitically he is a republican. Both he and his wife have been members of the Presbyterian cliurch thirty years. In 1830 Mr. Greenwood returned to his native homo to see liis dying motlier, but she died before he reached there. In 18C7 he paid anotlier visit to his birthplace.

Marshall M. Milford, one of the earliest, and for many years one of the most conspicuous, citizens of Fountain county, was born in South Camlina, August 14, 1816, and came to Indiana with his father, Judge Robert Milford, in 1827. His boyhood days were spent on his fatlier's farm, wiierc he improved such little opportunity as he there had by reading law. He afterward took a course of instruction in civil engineciini;- at Wal)ash College, and was subsecj[uently appointed deputy clerk luiilor i'.loomer Wiiite, the first clerk of Fountain county after its organization. Mr. "Wiiite dying soon after his acceptance of the clerkship, Mr. Milford served as clerk for the unexpired term, in the meanwhile pursuing his law studies. In 18-il he was admitted to tlie bar. In the following year lu' niariiLMl Mi,<^ Maria .1. Rartlett, of Wanvn county (a native "of Virginia i, iiy wb(,m he had .-cvfu cliildivu, four of whom, with the widow, survive him. He continued in the ])rofessi()n of law to the time of his death, amassing a handsome competence, and acquiring a iiigh re])utation tliroughout the Wabash valley i-egion for his ]irobity, sound judgment and safe counsel. His popularity, wide acquaintance and unblemisiied character often caused him to be sought for some public jiositioii, but he uniformly declined all marlis of political favor. In 187ti he was so prominently indicated for a congressional nomination tiiat ids selection jiromised to lie practically unanimous, and his election a certainty, but ho earnestly solicited his friends to withdraw his name. His success in life, his great infhi. enre and poimlarity, driuMiilcil t'litircly on bis merits as a ]irivate citizen. In pcr.-.oiial appearaiu'c Mi'. Milford was a remarkable man, over six feet in heiglit, and weighing two hundred and twenty-five pounds. His imposing appearance and genial manner made liim a conspicuous figure at the bar and in public assemblies. During a trial in the Warren circuit court at Williamsport, December 2, 1874, he was instantly stricken dead b^' apoplexy, while apparently in the most robust health, and without a premonitory symptom.

William W. Ennis, insurance agent, Attica, son of William and Mary (Crissy) Ennis, was born September 2, 1810. The Ennises were Irish. Two brothers, William and John, emigrated to America before the revolution and settled in New York city. Wljen the war broke out John remained a royalist, but William joined the patriots and went into the military service. He was taken prisoner by Lord Howe and confined in the old Jersey prison-ship three months. He lost his property, most of which his brother got. His son William, father of the subject of this sketch, w-as a soldier through the war of 1812, and served in the 7th reg. N. Y. Art., doing garrison duty at Castle Garden. In 1818 he moved to Indiana and settled in Randolph county, where lie cleared land and made a home. He moved to Winchester, the county seat, and lived there several years, working at his trade of shoemaking. About 1833 he moved to Dayton, Ohio, where he passed the remainder of his life, and died in 1841. Mr. Ennis was reared a farmer. In 1830 he celebrated his marriage, at AVinchester, with Sarah, daughter of David Wright, and niece of Judge John Wright, afterward of Illinois. She died in 1832, leaving one child, which also died shortly afterward. In 1835 he came to Fountain county and settled near Pleasant Hill, Montgomery county. He farmed there a little while, and then Tnoved to Pleasant Hill and engaged in merchandising two years. In 1847 he removed to Attica, where he has since made his home. During six years of his residence in this place he was selling dry goods, and the next seven years boots and shoes. For many years now he has been in the insurance business. He filled the office of township trustee twelve or fourteen years in succession. When he lived in Kichland township he was justice of the peace one term of four years. He was married a second time, in 1837, to Miss Rebecca, daughter of Samuel Meek, an old settler of Fountain county. They have had one son and four daughters: Almira, John W., Emma, Laura and Julia. Almira is the wife of James H. Finfrock, of Attica, and John "W. is an artist, and lives at Delphi. Mr. Ennis is a republican. He and his wife and two daughters are Presbyterians, and one daughter is a Methodist.

Saiimel and Sanili (^Derr) Mentzer. He was bound out by the orphans' court for three years to learn tlie carpenter's trade, but before bis time iiad quite expired he left the man to whom he was indentured. This was in 1S37. In the same year he departed from Boonesboro, where he had learned his trade, and went to Wheeling on foot ; from there he went by steamboat to Louisville. After working three months at Jeft'ersonville he continued his travels down the river on a flat-boat, finally reaching Vicksburg. Here he worked some time, and in the meanwhile had the small-pox. He lived in the south two years, engaged at his trade in different ])laces, and during the time made two trips to Xew Orleans. In 1S39 he came north. A number of his friemh fnim Boonesboro had now settled at Attica, and he was attracted til this place by their presence, where he has ever since made his home. He worked at his trade fifteen years from this time, erecting more than one hundred buildings in Attica, and then for a short period was in the grocery trade. After this he kept a livery stable seven or eight years, and wa> twice burned out while in the business. At the same time he liegan driving the "bus and carrying the mail, and did this service fifteen yeai's, attending all trains, day and night, and for twelve years making his couch on the counter of the Revere House. Being rendered unfit for this duty, he changed places with his son John, who was tending the Attica bridge, and for a few years has occupied this position. He was married here, in 1840, to Sarah Dutruw, of I'.oonesboro, Maryland, by whom he had six children : George W., Emma, Annie. Samuel C, John C. Fremont, and Birdie (deceased). His son Samuel C. enlisted in the early part of the war in Co. I), 20th reg. lud. Vols., and fought in the second battle of Bull lliin ; at Fredericksburg, under Burnside ; at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, "Wilderness, S])ottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and all the great battles in Virginia under (irant to the close of the wai-.

.-\zariah T. Leatli, farmer, Attica, was born at Independence, Warnn county, Indiana, April 28, 1S3S. His parents, Silas J. and Mary Ann (Rarbry) Feath, came from Virginia in an early day and settled at Independence. At the age of six he lost his father by death, and a year later his mother died. Hiniself, two brothers and two sisters, thus orphaned, became scattered, and were reared by different people. For eleven years this subject lived with John Emmons. He was enrolled July 1, 1801, in Co. D, 20th reg. Ind. Vols. He witnessed tlie destruction of the Cumberland and Congress by the Merrimac, and the next day the engagement between this iron-chid and the Monitor. lie participated in the movement of the troops on shore when the Congress was sunk - two companies of the 20th, including iiis own, were de- tailed to go down to tlie beach and drive ott' the rebels whp had boarded her. He saw one of the enemy killed on her deck. The 20th Ind. regiment went into the service numbering 1,046 men, and arrived at Hatteras, North Carolina, September 25, 1861 ; on the 4th of October the rebels attacked the command, which made the memorable retreat southward the whole length of Hatteras Island; November 11 it arrived at Fortress Monroe, and, remaining there till February 25, 1862, was transferred to Newport News, and lay there when the Merriinao made her descent on the Union fleet. On the 10th of May the reo-jment left Newpprt News and an-ived at Norfolk ne.xt day. On the 7tli of June it moved again, and joined the Army of the Potomac in front of Richmond. It took an active part in the movements on the Chickahominy, and was detailed as rear guard on the retreat to Harrison's Landing. Following is a list of most of the battles and skirmishes of this regiment: seven da3-s before Kichmond : skirmish in trout of Richmond, June 19, 1862; severe skirmish while acting as rear guard of tlie army, 23; battle of the Orchards, 25; battle of Glendale, 30; battle of Malvern Hill, July 1 ; battle of Bull Run, August 29; battle of Chantilly, September 2; skirmish of Waterli)o, November 7; battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 14, 15; battle of the Cedars, May 2, 1863 ; battle of Chancellorsville, 3, 4, 5 ; battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2, 3; severe picket skirmish, Gettysburg, 4; battle of "Wapping Heights, 22 ; suppressing July riots in New York city ; battle of Kelly's Ford, November 7; battle of Orange Grove, 27; battle of MIdc Run, 29 ; battle of the Wilderness, May 5, 6, 1864 ; battle of Spottsylvania, 8-12; Cold Harbor, June 1. Mr. Leath was wounded in the left arm at this last place, ou the 30th of Ma}', two days before the regular engagement. He was a sergeant in his company, and had charge of a detail of men building breastworks at the time of the casualty. 11«" was absent in hospital in Washington and New York till November, when he rejoined his command before Petersburg, and shared in tht subsequent operations of the army until the collapse of the rebellion. He "veteraned " February 21, 1864; and was mustered out of the ser vice at Jeft'ersonville, Indiana, July 12, 1865. He was married December 31, 1867, to Miss Amelia P. Pearson, daughter of Enoch Pearson.^ Her father removed from Ohio and settled on the Big Raccoon, it Parke county, in 1824. In 1826 became to Fountain county and mh<-'- a home in Van Buren township. In 1837 he removed to Logan township, where his widow now lives. Mr. Leath owns eighty acres of Isno, valued at $5,000. He is a republican, and both he and his wife W* ; members of the Methodist church.

couiitv. Attica, was l)oni IV'hriiary 17, 1S4l\ in [.ugaii tu\vnslii|). Ili.s o-i-;imif:ulier, Ilobcrt Milfurd, was a native of South Carolina, and a .soldier of tlie revolution and of the war of 1812. .Miont ISS.^i he emigrated, witli his wife and two sons, Marshall and ililton, to Fountain county, and settled on tlie Sliawnee ]irairi(/, tw.. and a half miles cast of Attica. The farm of 4.i0 acres, which he iinjirovcd. is now owned hy the heirs of Marshall Milford. Durinir many years, at tirst, he took a leading part in the transaction of official business; he assisted in organizing the county, designating its boundaries, and ti.ving the seat of justice, and during the earlier days of the county was probate judge, being the lirst incumbent of tliat oflice. After tliat he devoted himself to the superintendence of liis farm and tl;c education of his cliildren, and died in January, 1869, at a ripe age. Milton, the father of our subject, was a lawyer, and lived and practiced in Attica, e.xcept during 1344 and 184.">, when lie re-ided at Delphi as sui)erintendent of the construction of the "Wabar^ii iV Erie canal from tliat place to Covington. Pie died at iiis home, Xovember 18, 1847, in the prime of life, flis wife, whose maiden name was Maria Bantee, and whose early home was at Eaton, Ohio, died in 1855. Tliis year ]\[onroe entered "Wahasli College, and pursued the studies of the classical course some time without interruption. Tn April, l^ill. he enlisted in Co. I, 11th [nd. VoLs., Capt. Elston, and .served >ix m..nlhs. Tie which the rebels were defeated. At tlie expiration of Ins term of enlistment he returned to college and completed his senior year, and then formed a law jiartnership with his uncle, Marshall Milford, wliich histed till 1S(;7. The next year he ran for clerk ..f Fountain county, but was defiMted. In 1S71 he was elected mayor of Attica, and rec'lected in 187:1 In 187(1 he ran for state electoi- of the eightli congressional di.itrict on the republican ticket. In 1877 he was elected city attorney of Attica, and still liolds that ottice. Recently he was an aspii-ant for the nominatitui i\>\- congi-ess, his competitors being James T. Jolinstoii, of Parke, and K. I'.. I". I'ierce. of Montgomery. The latter was successful before the c.nvention at Terre Haute. Mr. Milford was married .\|uil 4. l^i'. I. to Mi.-.- Jennie Ramey, of Crawfordsville. She died August H. 1^7". and he married Miss Ellio Poole, of Philadelphia, February 28. 1S7:;. I'.y the first wife lie had one son, Charles R., wiio is a student at i'rincetou College, in his junior year, lie !\nd his step-mother are meniber.- of the Episcopal cbuivli.

Norman S. Brown, farmer, .\ttica, was born in I'.llisburg. Jellerson cotmtv. New V,,rk, in l>^ll. His tather, Averv, was drowned when he was four months old. At the a-e of eleven he left home, and wljen tuiirteen apprenticed liiiuself to the liatter's trade, but at tlie end of two years his employer broi^e up and he never finished it. He then went as a cabin-boy on a steamboat on Lake Ontario, but did not stay in tliis place long, and the next winter went to school. In the spring he got a place as steward on a packet un the Erie canal, and afterward was bowsman. Fi'om the fall of 1S2S to the spring oflS31 he was on the canal; at this last date lie came to Cleveland and' went to work on the Ohio canal, and excepting the years 1837 and 1838, when he was working for a paper-mill and running a livery stable, he was employed on that route till 1844. In the spring of 1843 he came into this state on the "Wabash it Erie canal, and early the following winter ari'ived at Attica, coming down the I'iver on a keel-boat. He at once set up in the grocery and di-y -goods trade, which he continued fourteen years. In 1849 and 1850 he kept the Exchange Hotel. From 1866 to 1877 he was express agent. Mr. Bi'own has owned a farm of 320 acres, situated on the opposite side of the river, for the past twenty-five years, which he has a part of the time rented, but which he now cultivates. He was married in January, 1833, to Miss Maria E. Carter, of Summit county, Oliio. They have had three children: William A., burn December 25, 1833 : Laura A., December 27, 1835, and Harley, January 13, 183S, died in infancy. Mr. Brown was first a whig and afterward a republican, but with him party ties have now lost their strength, and henceforth he will vote for tlie best man.

William T. Herr, farmer, Attica, was born in Logan township, December 1, 1847. His father, Samuel Herr, emigrated from Maryland to this place in 1843, and lived here two years ; he then returned to that state, where his wife died, and in 1847 he came again to Indiana, taking up his home a second time in Logan township, and here he married Maria Jane Taylor, mother of the subject of this notice. She had come here from Ohio in 1830. Both parents are now dead ; the father having deceased in 1851, and the mother in 1875., Mr. Herr enlisted in Co. B, 135th Ind. Vols., for 100 days, in March, and was mustered in at Indianapolis Api'il 30, 1864. He did garrison and guard duty mostly at Stevenson and Bridgeport, Alabama, and was mustered out at Indianapolis September 21, 1864. He was married February 17, 1870, to Miss Nancy Jane Hays. They have two cliildren : Kittie Belle, born August 4, 1875, and Arthur is-arfield, May 9, 1880. During the years 1872, 1873 and 1874 Mr. Herr was living in Grant township, Vermilion county, Illinois. He has the old homestead of ninety acres, valued at §5,500. He is a republican.

father. Dr. Alexander l..Wliiteh:ill..^ettled near NewtoNvn.iu this cunnty, in 1832. His niotlier's maiden name was Sarah A. Vau Gnndy ; she was descended from Peter Von Guiiten, a Swiss PInguenot, able, wealtliy, and distinguished in the history of his country, who aspired to the government of Berne, and, lieiiig o.uipelled to flee for his life, sought' asylum in France. He and his tauiily emigrated to America, and settled in Penn's colony; and from him have sprung the^Gundys and A^on Gundvs. Of the former several families live in Vermilion county, Illinois." The remote history ot the Whitehall family is given at length in the sketch of Nicholas Whitehall, of Richland township. Tlie subject of this notice early began the study of medicine with his father. In lSt36-7 he attended medical lectures at the Michigan University; tlie next year he took a course at the Eclectic Medical Institute, and the following year returned to the former institution, graduating thci-efrom in the" sprinj; of 1S70. He at once located in bis nati've town, remaining till 1S75, when he removed to Xiles, Michigan : but after four vear^" absence returned to resume his former pracdce "in Atti.M. In 1S73 he married :\[iss Kate E. Everett, of Urbana, Ohio. He i,~ an Odd-Fellow and republican, and a gentleman of well cultivated mind, pleasing addres.s and thuroughly infurmed understanding.

William II. Young, farmer, Attica, was born in T.ogan township, Novendjer ^6, 1S49, and is the son of Daniel and Mary < Nave i ^ oung. His parents were both early settlers in this part of Fountain county. His father has farmed and dealt e.xtensively in stock, and is now wealthv. His mother died many years since. He received his education at Wabash College and Notre Dame University, a Catholic school at Soutii Bend, attending each one year. He lias always been engaged ill farmiuir, except during 1S71 and 1'^7-J. when be was clerking in the store of Samuel Clark, of Attica. He was married September 20, 1871, to Martha E. Tein].leton, of Wiiliam^port, who was born December .5, 1S4S. They have had two children, as follows: Mary Lilly, born March 20, 1874, and Grace Ella, born January 2S, and died August 21, ISSO. He lias 1S5 acres of land in Logan township, and

.1. Sliaiiiiou Nave, a prominent attorney of Fountain e..unty, Attica, the olde>t child of John and Hannah J. (Shannonj Nave, was born in this county Septemlier 17, 1850. He was reared on his father's farm, and educated at Indiana University, at Bloomington, graduating in the scientific course in tlie class of 1S72. In 1S71-2 he attended law lectures at Michigan I'niversity. and in April of the latter year, his father dving. he came liome and superintended the farm until Xovember. He then entered the office of Marshall Milford, of Attica, and remained till May, at which time he formed a law partnership with his cousin, Columbus Kave. In 1877 this was dissolved, and he continued the business alone two years, doing but little, however, as he was in failing health and laboring under the pressure of other duties. In 1878 lie was elected to the lower house of the Indiana legislature by the democrats of Fountain county. He served on the following committees: claims, mines and mining, and enrolled bills. Mr. ISTave's partv had made the I'edisti-icting of the state an issue of the canvass, and during this session brought forward a bill for that purpose. Mr. Nave and two other democi'ats, not satisfied with its features, voted against it as originally introduced, and compelled their colleagues to agree to its amendment, when they changed their votes the following day. Mr. Nave was the nominee of the democratic party of Fountain and Warren counties for state senator in iSSO, but was defeated for that office. In 1S79 he associated Benjamin F. Hegler with himself in the law firm of X.'.vo jfc Hegler. Mr. Nave was married September 30, 1879, to Miss .Jennie I. Rice, the beautiful aiui accomplished daughter of the Hon. Thomas N. Rice, of Ptockville.

Jacob Loei), merchant, Attica, was born in the state of Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, April 15, 1829. He was the third child of a family of. ten sons. His tatlier's given name was Benedick, and his mother's maiden name Esther Mums. When thirteen years of age he began working on a farm, handling grain and cattle, and milling, and spent his time at these various occupations until his emigration to America. In the rebellion of 1S48 he served a term of three months in the Hessian army, and fought at Baden-Baden, receiving a severe wound in the right hand, partially crippling it. Mr. Loeb came to America in 1856. He had been too poor to marry in the fatherland, where a license cost §200, and a man was obliged to prove himself the, possessor, in his own right, of a certain amount of property before the government would grant him a passport to the state matrimonial. So, taking his affianced bride, he sought the land of cheap licenses and free divorces, and on his arrival in New York city celebrated his marriage with Miss Esther Lauman, who was born December 3, 1827. On reaching La Fayette this plucky couple found themselves without means to continue their journey, but Father Doffinger, who had nevei- seen them before, kindly loaned them §2.50 to pay their fare to Attica, where they arrived on the first trial train on the Wabash railroad, run between the two place.-. Mr. Loeb bought a blind horse for §9, and traveling behind him drove through the country peddling clothing, dry goods and notions. This business lie followed tbui- years, qnittiu- it in 1S6U with S744. He then went to butchering. After two years he received Jacob" Lau.nan into partnership ; at the end of a year this tirm sold out for 87,050. The firm of S. & J. Loeb 6c Co. had been previously formed, and Mr. Loeb now gave his attention to the business of this company, in which was his only remaining mercantile interest. About . 1864 they associated Isaac Lauman with themselves and organized a second partnership, styled Loeb, Lauman k Co. Mr. Loeb has tour living children : Leo, born AprifU, 1S57 ; Henry, January 22, ISoS ; Louis, February 15, 1859, and Charley, January 20, 1867. He and his wife belong to the Benai Jeshurun congregation (Jewish church i. Mr. Loeb has been an Odd-Fellow two years, and lield offices of api.omtment in the lodge. He is a man of temperate habits, and rmieh respected as a citizen.

James Martin, postmaster and grain dealer, Attica, the eldest son of Thomas and Elizabeth M. (Marshall) Martin, was born m Butler county, Ohio, in 1825. He was educated in the uoimnon schools, and learned the saddler's trade, but never followed it. His father was a merchant, and since he was eighteen he has also been in the same business. In 1839 his father removed with his family to La Fayette, Indiana and there lb: Martin made his permanent residence until 1851, at which date he settled in Attica. From 1843 to 1851 he was selling goods, but in the latter year he embarked in the grain trade and has since followed that busin'ess with signal success, extending his opera-^ tions over a large territory and making numerous places branches ot the central point. Honorable business principles and practices, and an untiri.'^ activity and spirit of enterprise have characterized Mr. Martin's intercourse with the public and made him an enduring and gratifying reputation. He has devoted himself with singleness ot purpose to Ids business, and never aspired to office, though he might have held very good civil positions had he ever announced a desire tor such. In April, 1879, ho accepted the appointment of postmaster, in which office he gives universal satisfaction. Mr. Martin has been a Mason and an Odd-Fellow thirty-three years. In politics he is thoroughly republican, pronounced in ids' views, though by no means unpleasant to opponents in the e.xpression of them. Mr. Martin was married in 1851 to Miss Marv M. (iookins, of PerrysviUe. Four sons, all living, iiave been the issue of this union : Lucius 0., Harvey C, Frederick ^ .. and J. Kalph. Mrs. Martin has been a mcnil.er .,f the I'rc.hytenan church twenty years.

sons, whose parents were Benedick and Esther (Maas) Loeb. His father was a butcher and cattle dealer, and he was reared in the same business. He received a good education in the common schools of the country. In 18.50 Mr. Loeb emigrated to America, and after spending a rear each in New York and Pennsylvania, he came west in 1852 and settled in Attica, where he has since made his residence and been in business. The first two years after coming here he peddled goods, and in 1854 opened a clothing store and lias continued in this line of trade to the present time, combining merchant tailoring with his business, which is an important feature of it. He carries a large and varied stock, and by his integrity and fair dealing has acquired a high reputation among the peojile. Mr. Loeb began without means, but in the ordinary course of a prosperous business has become wealthy and respected. He is one of the oldest active business men in the place. Xot long since he took his oldest son into partnership under the firm name of H. Loeb A: Son. They do a considerable outside business in stock. Mr. Loeb was married in 1S55 to Miss Sophia Joseph, who was born in 1833. and reared in the same place in Germany with himself. They have an interesting family of ten living children : Levi, born July 25, 185t) ; Sarah. August 12, 1857; Jennie, June 12, 1859 (deceased); Lebo, February 3, 1862; Samuel, September 3, lS6i; Esther, September 1, 1867 ; Hannah, January IS, 1870; Ben, January 9, 1873; Saul, April 22, 1874, and Josie and Guessie June 6, 1876. Sarah married L. W. Joseph, September 20, 1877 ; they live in Stanberry, Missouri. Mr. and Mrs. Loeb belong to the Benai Jeshurnn congregation (Jewish church). Li 1860 the former became an Odd-Fellow, but is not now an active member. In |iolitics he is an independent democrat.

Hansel J. Green, hardware merchant, Attica, was born in Gloucestershire, England, February 23, 1829. He was the youngest son of Thomas and Mary Ann (Piielp-s) Green. In 18-42 the family emigrated to America and settled in Portage county, Ohio. M''- Green was reared a farmer and obtained Ids education at the Atwater Academy. In 1846 they removed to Mahoning county, and there, at the age of seventeen, he was apprenticed to tlie tinner's trade. In 1849 he went to Millersburg, Holmes county, and took charge of a stove store for a Mr. Holcomb, of whom he learned his trade. Next year he came to La Fayette, Indiana, where he worked at the tinning business two years, and then settled permanently in Attica. Here he opened a stove and hardware store, and has continued the business to the present date. He has in the meantime given considerable attention to farming. Mr. Green came liere a poor man, but by untiring industry and judicious management he has acquired an independent estate. Besides his valuable mer- cautile iiitercst.; lie owns 4U0 acres of land adjoiiiiag Attica, 200 in Jasper county, and IGO in Kansas. He keeps some Kentucky thoroughbred horses to gratify his taste for line stock. In the suburbs, on the heights overlooking the city from the east, is Mr. Green's home, a sup"rb residence of brick, surrounded by spacious grounds tastefully laid out with gravel walks and drives, and shaded with forest trees. He was married February IT, 1857, to Miss Mary M. Merrick, of North I'.ranford, iS'ew Haven county, Connecticut. She was born April 27, 1S:33. Tiiey have two living children : Lamonte M., born December 17, 1S57, and Emma S., March it, 1870. They have also had two others which died in infancy. Mr. Green has never been an aspirant for office, but has always attended diligently to his private business, as his honorable success fully attests. He has served as councilman and school trustee. He travels considerable in the States; in 1870 lie made a trip to England, and is contemplating another, with his family, soon. His father%ow 90 years old, is still living, in sound health, supporting a vigorous old age. He resides at Atwater, Portage county, Ohio. Mrs. Green is a member of the Episcopal church. Mr. Green's membership in the same church is a disputed point between bishop Talbot, of Indiana, and himself, the former claiming that he is, and the latter denying "the soft impeachment."

Hein Ahreus (deceased^ Attica, was born in Hanover, December 5, 1831. His father was a farmer, and he was reared to the same pursuit, in 1S4'.> he came to America on a visit, and was so pleased with the cuuntrv, and the advantages it aflbrded to people to rise in the world, that he decided to remain. He stopped in Ohio and learned the trade of stone-cntting at Little Falls, between Piqua and Dayton. When the Wabash railroad was built to Attica he was employed to put up the piers for the bridge across the Wabash, and during his short residence conceived such a liking for the jilaco tint 1r- settled here. He was engaged in stone-cutting and bridge-building as long as he lived ; he did work on buildings and country bridges, but was chietly employed by the railroad company. Mr. llarnhart, of Attica, who has succeeded to the extensive business which both of them carried on, learned his trade with him and was his partner the last titteen or eighteen years of his life. They owned in company seventy-tive acres of land on the west side of the river, on which was situated their quarry, from wiiich was taken the best stone in this section of tlie country. Mr. Ahrens was married December 4. 1850, to Miss Augusta kemjier, formerlv of Ohio. The following children were born to them: .lohn W.. ( »etoher 11. ISi'.ti; Freileriek. May 6, 18tj3, died in infaiKv; Ilenrv Otto. June 20, 18''4: Charles L., November 28, and Plein Rudolf, December 3, 1875. Mr. Ahrens was a consistent and devoted member of tlie Baptist church. His widow also belongs to the same society. He died very suddenly of brain disease, on January 13, 1879. He had provided well for his household and left his family in good circumstances. His life was insured in the Odd-Fellows Association for $2,500. He was an industrious, trustworthy, and highly respected citizen.