New Garden Township (part 1 of 2)

New Garden Township

This township is one of the six original townships of the county. It was organized in 1817, the next year after the State was admitted into the Union. As first organized it included all the territory of the county east of Perry Township and north of Wayne. Since first organized Franklin Township has been created out of it, and other parts of it have been detached and united to other townships.

The early settlers of the township were mostly from North Carolina, and a large proportion of them were Friends, many of them from the neighborhood of a Friends' meetinghouse, named New Garden, in Guilford County, N. C, or attached to that Yearly Meeting. This township without doubt was named from that meeting-house.

There has been much speculation and there is yet quite a difference of opinion as to who were the first settlers. From the best and most reliable evidence John Turner and Jonathan Marine were among, if not the very first settlers of the township, both having settled there in 1809 or 1810.

Following these within the next year or two came Jonathan Hough, George Shugart, James Dwiggins, Joseph Dwiggins, Benjamin Thomas, John Thomas, Stephen Thomas, John James, and Isaac Thomas. These were all from North

From 1811 to 1816 in the then south and southwest part of the township the following named persons became settlers : Edward Baldwin, Thomas Baldwin, Joseph Bond, William Jessup, Isaac Jessup, Mark Peeler, Andrew Hampton, John Scote, Daniel Crampton, John Baldwin, Isaac Williams, Thomas Bond and Joseph Bond. Most of these were from North Carolina and were Friends. Part of them settled within the present limits of Webster.

About the same time, from 1811 to 1816, the southeast part of the township was settled by Abraham Hampton, Jacob Hampton, Frank Swin, Hampton Brown, James Massey, and others whose names we cannot give. South of Newport, now Fountain City, about the same time the following persons located : Obadiah Harris, Cader Woodard, Francis Tliomas, Benjamin Thomas, Sr., and Josiah Woodard.

In the north and northeast part of the township, from 1812 to 1820, John LDUgfellow, Samuel Clearly, Thomas Harper, John Peeler, John Fisher, Jonathan Willcntts, William Peeler, Malachi Moon, John Barnes, Charles Marine, Jesse Marine and Hiram Bailey settled and commenced felling the timber and clearing off the woods for the purpose of farming. John Mills and Aaron Mills also settled there at about the same time.

In the northwest, from 1812 to 1820, the following persons became settlers of the township : James Moorman, Stephen Williams, William Lacey, John Lacey, Edward Price, Thomas Price, Jedediah Price, Samuel Horner, Joel Jeffery, Job Jeffery, John Potter, Thomas Potter, Sylvester Clevenger and Abraham Piatt. ,

A man by the name of Kent, his first name forgotten by the writer, was among the first if not the first man who built a residence in Newport, and that was but a plain log house.

Untbank, Pleasant Unthank, Harvey Davis, Caleb Cow^ill and otbers not recollected were tbe early settlers of Newport, now Fountain City. All these bave long since left tbe place except Harvey Davis, and all except bim, and perbaps Elarn Unthank, are dead.

Without speaking disparagingly of tbe merits of any one. tbe writer desires to select a single name, one Willis Davis. He came to Newport Township from Pasquotank Co., N. C, about 1820. He was then a man, could neither read nor write, but by close attention to books be was very soon able to teach school, which he engaged in and followed for more than a quarter of a century. No man or woman in the township, and tbe writer thinks no one in the county, ever taught or educated as many children, men and women as, Willis Davis. He was tbe noblest of noble men in the truest and best sense of tbe word. Time with him is no more; he has bid it a final farewell.

The early settlers of Newport, and truly of the township, were mainly a positive, determined class ; believing in a right, they would maintain and defend it. The controlling element of the town and township has always been intensely temperance, and bence saloons for the sale of liquors could never find an abiding place in tbe township. Tbe same element at a very early day believed that slavery was a great wrong, hence with unfaltering zeal and earnestness they denounced it and refused to give, by word or act, the accursed institution, directly or indirectly, any aid or comfort.

This township has a great deal of very excellent land, and its farmers are mainly industrious and enterprising. The only stream of water in tbe township is Nolan's Fork, and this stream runs from a northeast to a southwest direction, and passes Fountain City on tbe east. Fountain wells are common in Fountain City, and doubtless in the change of name this controlled and directed tbe new name of tbe town.

The Grand Ripids & Indiana R. R runs past the town, which is a prosperous village. The inhabitants claim for this township that it is remarkably healthy, and the writer believes that this claim is well founded. In point of earnestness and zeal in the cause of education and the promotion of good morals, few places in Wayne County or elsewhere can surpass it. Fifty years ago in the northern part of this township there surely was a peculiarity. In a radius of two miles lived John Longfellow, John Mills, John Burns, John Lacy, John Fisher, John Peelle, John D. Robertson and John Meredith. Indeed, a stranger in passing along there and hearing the given names of the neighbors would have concluded that the name "John," was a kind of prefix to all the land-owners.

Additional Early History

The foregoing sketch was contributed by Hon. William A. Peelle, of Richmond, whose early life was passed in the township, and who is familiar with the early history. Other early residents have furnished additional particulars upon which are based the items which follow:

George Shugart, whose son George, an old resident, now lives in Fountain City, settled in this county in 1810. He remained the first winter near Richmond, then took up and began improving land, a part of which is now included in the town of Fountain City. Indians were very numerous, and were frequent visitors at Shugart's cabin. During the war of 1812 he remained on his improvement, busying himself in building a mill dam, to which he added a tub-mill, the first mill of any kind in the settlement. The Indians never disturbed him, for he was a Friend, or, as they expressed it, " one of William Penn's children." Shugart took every precaution to avoid trouble. He neither used a gun nor would, allow his sons to do so. Soon after the war an incident occurred which threatened misfortune to the settlers. Two men, Joshua Gray and Addington, shot an Indian several miles south of Shugart's, between his place and Richmond. One of the Indians who had witnessed the deed came to Shugart's and announced "White man kill Injun." Shugart went with a team and a sled to the place where the wounded man was, and carried him to the Indian camp, situated near the county line, six or eight miles northwest of Fountain City. George Shugart, Jr., then a boy, accompanied his father. He says the scene on arrival at the camp was heartrending. The Indians, men, women and children, gave touching evidences of their sorrow, and the lamentation was great. A few days later a council was held at Shugart's mill, and an understanding arrived at between the settlers and the Indians. The latter were given $40 and a saddle and it was stipulated that the men guilty of the shooting should keep out of the Indians' way. The wounded man recovered; had he died, the matter probably would have been much more serious.

Within five years after, the settlement began. The township was well settled. Daniel Morris and his mother, Sarah, came in 1811; John Thomas, the same year; Benjamin Thomas, 1811, and another Benjamin Thomas, about the same time; Ezekiel and Jesse Hazeley, a little later. Michael and Micajah Wiesner, John and Jesse Huff were among the early settlers.

Soon after the town of Newport was platted, an attempt was made to start a rival village on the present Stephen Townsend farm. Edmund Kent laid off a town on this farm, then owned by Israel Hough, and called it West Liberty. John Hough worked at clock-making there, and Kent started a tannery. The town soon went down.

Israel Hough had a saw-mill southwest of Fountain City as early as 1816. Later, Job Reynolds built a grist-mill, run by water and steam, on the same site. Zeria and Hiram Hough and Charles Thomas owned it later. It has entirely disappeared.

Michael Farmer, living on the creek, in the southern part of this township, was mysteriously murdered about 1822. The murderer was never discovered.

A pottery was established by James Linley, in the southeastern part of this township, on the present farm of Moses Bailey, at an early date.

present Pegg farm, where he remained during the war of 1812. After the war was over, he asked an Indian who came to the house, why he was not killed. " Injan seen you heap times;'could kill you easy; you a Pemi man; Injun no hurt yon."

The first marriage in the township, says "Young's History," was that of Joseph Ratcliff and Sarah Shugart, daughter of George Shugart, Jan. 4, 1816.

The township officers for 1884-'5 are as follows: Trustee, Samuel Williams; Justices, Elijah Cortte, A. H. Harris; Assessor, Wm. R. Williams.

Fountain City

This thriving town of about 600 inhabitants was laid out in 1818, by Redden Chance and Solomon Thomas. It was at first known as New Garden, became Newport -in 1834, and Fountain City in 1878. A new name was found to be necessary to avoid confusion in mail matter, the postoffice having a different name from the town until the last change was made. During the past ten years the town has improved more and faster than in any other period of its history. The population was 343 in 1870, and 471 in 1880. Fountain City is surrounded by a fine agricultural country, and is enterprising and prosperous. It was settled by the Friends, who are still in the majority among its inhabitants. The town derives its name from the fountain wells which it contains. The first of these wells was dug by a man named Gabriel Foe, over fifty years ago. When he had dug into the earth several feet, he struck water, which at once welled up and soon overflowed the surface. Fountain wells have since been put down in all parts of the town. The water does not rise to the surface in all cases, but it is sure to rise to a certain distance and furnish a never-failing supply, of which the temperature is nearly uniform throughout the year.

The town grew slowly in its earlier years. In 1824, says Harvey Davis, who arrived that year, there were but six families - those of Daniel Puckett, tanner; Dr. Henry H. Way, physician; Redden Chance, school-teacher; Mary Chance; Samuel Keller, hatter; and Solomon Thomas, cabinet-maker.

Harvey Davis, now the oldest resident of the town, learned his trade under Solomon Thomas, Dr. Henry H. Way was the first physician . He was also early engaged in the mercantile business.

The first store was started by Solomon Thomas, on a very small scale, about 1818. The goods were brought from North Carolina by Charles Marine. The next store was opened by a man named Kelso. William Marine kept a grocery soon after. In 1824 the village had no store, but Dr. Way started one soon after. Levi Coffin, the noted apostle of Freedom, began the mercantile business in 1826. Eleazer Hiatt, Caleb Cogle, Samuel Pritchard, Robert Grain, Joel Parker and others carried on the mercantile business later.

Edward Mason started a brewery early. Eleazer Hiatt and Daniel Puckett had a pottery quite early. Robert Bailey also established one later, and continued the business many years. Levi Coffin began the manufactureof linseed oil in 1836, He also carried on pork-packing several years.

Daniel Jones was the first wagon-maker. William Hough and Joel Parker also engaged in the same business early. William Macy and Nathan Bond were early blacksmiths. Samuel Keller, John Hunt and Thomas Clayton were early hatters. An early tavern was kept by Joel Hendricks.

Daniel Puckett had a small grist-mill in Newport, in 1824. It was used principally for grinding corn. When wheat was ground it had to be sifted by hand before it was ready for use.

A steam grist-mill and woolen factory was started east of town about 1836, by Eli Osborne, Isaac and Jesse Reynolds. They found it unprofitable. The property changed hands and was run as a grist-mill. Afterward Job Reynolds, Hiram and Israel Hough owned it. They also established a foundry and made stoves and castings. The mill was finally burned when owned by Dr. J. R. Mendenhall. Later, William Hough built a water-power saw-mill in the eastern part of the town and ran it profitably for several years. A steam sawmill was built near the railroad in 1870, by Elias and Nathan Baldwin. The steam flouring mill in the town was built in

1878, by II. A. Fox, present owner. The saw-mill and planing-mill of Gardner Bros. & Co. was built in 1882. A tile factory was started in 1884, by A. H. Harris.

Newport was incorporated as a town by order of the County Commissioners in May, 1834. In 1878 the name was changed to Fountain City. The town officers for 1883-"84 are as follows: Council, C. F. Edgerton, W. H. Study, L. H. Townsend, J. T. Mills (President of the board), W. D. Scarce; Clerk, Wm, R. Williams ; Marshal, Charles Baldwin.

To the. original plat of the town additions have been made as follows: By Harvey Davis, in 1830; William Hough, in 1832, and Robert Green, in 1844. .

An Odd Fellows lodge, known as New Garden Lodge, No. 337, was organized in 1869 ; and New Garden Lodge, No. 439, F. & A. M., in 1871. Both have ceased to exist.

Anti-Sla.Very Work

Probably no town in Indiana was a greater center of abolitionist ideas and principles than Newport. The town was noted as the central station of the Underground Railway, and people living at a distance imagined that it was a city of considerable importance. The principles of the Friends here found expression both in words and deeds, and thousands of fugitives escaping from bondage were assisted in gaining tiieir freedom through the agency of the citizens of this little town. The anti-slavery work was not wholly carried on in secret. The subject was discussed in the church, in the press and in public meetings. Two anti-slavery papers were established in Newport and flourished for several years, wielding an extensive influence. It would not be possible, in a sketch necessarily brief as this must be, to make personal mention of all the friends of freedom whose work in behalf of the oppressed race entitle them to grateful remembrance, but the names of a few of the most prominent workers cannot be omitted. Levi Coflin, Benjamin Stanton, Dr. Henry H. Way, Benjamin Thomas, Samuel Charles, the Huffs, the Houghs, George Shugart, Sr., and their co-adjutors were earnest and untiring workers.

Levi Coflin, the reputed President of the Underground Railway, settled at Newport in 1826. He was a native of North Carolina, and was reared on a farm. "While yet a boy he became convinced of the sinfulness of slavery, and the impression deepened with each succeeding year. He taught school in early life; came to Wayne County, Ind., in 1822, and pursued the same profession. He subsequently returned to his native State where, in 1821, he married Catharine White. After teaching a while longer he returned to Wayne County, in 1826, and settled at Newport, where he engaged in the mercantile business. The next year he engaged in pork-packing, which he followed in connection with merchandising as long as he remained in the town. In 1836 he built an oil-mill, and engaged in the manufacture of linseed oil. Notwithstanding his many business interests, he was never too busy to attend to the affairs of the underground railway, of which institution, he was one of the prime movers. Newport was on the route usually taken by slaves escaping to Canada. Fugitives began to arrive at Coffin's house in the winter of 1826-'7, and as his wife had the same sympathies as he, they were cared for and assisted. It soon became known that fleeing slaves could find shelter and aid in Newport, and the number of arrivals increased. Other Friends engaged in the work, which soon assumed important proportions. Coffin suffered in his business, losing some pro-slavery customers, and for a time his prospects were discouraging, but he was not depressed. As the settlement grew, his business revived, very fortunately, as the " railroad " work was constantly a heavy expense to him. Depots were established, north and south of JSTewport, and three principal lines of railway converged at the town - one from Cincinnati, Ohio, one from Madison, and one from JefFersonville, Ind. Seldom a week passed that fuo-itives did not arrive at the house of Coffin, or of others who were known to be friendly. A gentle tap at the door in the night aroused the sleeping household; a two-horse covered wao-on loaded with passengers, was found at the door, the passengers were ushered into the house without a word. The windows were covered, and a good fire and refreshments were provided. This work was kept up by Coffin for twenty years, and, later, by those who followed his example. Coffin kept a team and wagon constantly. The destitute were often relieved by him, provided with clothing, and kept secreted several days in times of danger. Dr. Henry H. Way, a faithful co-worker, often ministered professionally to the sick and suifering among the fugitives. Coffin remained in Newport until 1817, when he removed to Cincinnati and there continued his work in behalf of the slaves until the need for it had passed. In 1861, as agent for the Western Freedmen's Aid Commission, he went to England, where he succeeded in arousing great interest, enlisting the sympathies and securing valuable contributions from many eminent men. In 1876 he published a volume of over 700 pages, devoted to reminiscences of his life and work. The book is full of interest, and much of its contents relate to anti-slavery work in Newport and Wayne County. Levi Coffin died in Avondale, near Cincinnati, Sept. 16, 1877, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. His reputation on both sides of the Atlantic will cause his memory lono- to be revered. ^

J^riends^ Meeting s.-^Xy^ first religious society in tthe township was the New Garden Meeting, organized in 1813. The first meeting was held late in the fall of that year. A log meeting-house was erected on the site of the present house in 1814. It had a puncheon floor, and was warmed by a. charcoal fire, built upon a hearth in the center of the room. Among the earliest members were George Shugart, Sr., Jonathan and Israel Hough, Jonathan Marine, Obadiah Harris, John Benbow, Uriah Moorman, Charles Baldwin, Thomas Knight, James Massey, Micajah Jones, Isaac Thomas, John, Elijah, Stephen, Francis and Benjamin Thomas, Josiah and John Lamb, Solomon Thomas, Malachi Moon, John and Daniel Baldwin, Benjamin Harris, Jacob Cook and others. The first Monthly Meeting was held the 18th of the third month, 1815; the first Quarterly Meeting the 25th of the first month, 1828. A frame meeting-house was built about 1820, and the present brick meeting-house in 1858. A school was established early, and maintained by the Friends until within recent -j'ears. New Garden Meeting is the present organization of Dover, Arba, Concord, Cherry Grove, Newport and other meetings. Among the ministers have been: Obadiah Harris, Sr., Obadiah Harris, Jr., Elizabeth Bond, John Hunt Daniel Puckett, Thomas Frazier, Francis Thomas, Jeremiah Hubbard, Wm. Hobbs, Zeri Hough and wife, Luke "Woodard, Sarah B. Woodard, Eliza Hodson and others. The present ministers are: Sarah B. Woodard, Alpheus Drueblood, Jula A. Miles and Catharine Williams; Trustees, Luke Thomas, Alpheus Drueblood; Elders, Luke Thomas, Mildred Thomas, Ann Reese, Clarkson Thomas, Sarah J. Thomas; Clerks, A. M. Jenkins and Phebe A. Thomas; Overseers, James Townsend and David Pegg. New Garden Quarterly Meeting has about 1,200 members; 'New Garden Meeting about 200. At the session of the New Garden Quarterly Meeting, 26tli of first month, 1828, in response to a request, Benjamin Cox, Francis, Jonathan Johnson, Amos Peacock and William Nixon, with an equal number of female Friends, were appointed to judge of the advisability of forming a new preparative meeting. On the 26th of the third month, 1828, the request was granted, and Concord Meeting was formed. A log meeting-house was erected on the western line of New Garden Township, and there meetings have been kept up until the present time. The membership is now about sixty. It is proposed to build a new meeting-house during the present year.

At aQaarterlj Meeting heJd at New Garden on the 28th of the eighth month, 1830, Amos Peacock, Obadiah Harris, Wm. Cox, Wm. Hackett, H. Hodson, were appointed a committee to act with an equal number of female Friends and judge of the propriety of establishing a preparative meeting at Newport. The meeting was established at the next session and is still maintained. A meeting-house, 30x50 feet, was erected. In the first month of 1843 the Friends of Newport and vicinity, owing to some difference of opinion arising from anti-slavery sentiments, set up a Yearly Meeting at Newport, and built an addition to the meeting-house, making it 100 feet long. The Yearly Meeting was continued onTy a few years. The Newport Meeting now has nearly 200 members. Methodkt Episcopal. - K Methodist class' was organized by Rev. Wm. Holman in 1815. James Dwiggins was Classleader. Other early members were: Joseph W. Dwio-o-ins John Feelle and wife, Ephraim Bowen and wife, Nancy Bowen, Malachi Moon and wife, Samuel and Joseph Henderson and James Loven and their wives, the Fishers, James Williams, Eli Moorman, David James and others. Charles and John Marine were early local preachers. Early ministers were: Durbin, Lawrence, Whitten and Sparks. A meetinghouse of hewed logs was built on the land of James Dwiggins. This was sold to the colored church about 1830, and the present house in Fountain City was then erected. The membership is now small.

African M. E. ChircL~Th^ colored people of this township have maintained a M. E. organization since about 1830, and formerly the organization was quite flourishing. After worshiping some years in the house above mentioned they built a church in town, where they still continue to worship

Baphsts.-Ahont 1820 a Baptist church was organized in the northern part of the township. A meeting-house was built and a church maintained until some time between 1830 and 1840 Among the early members were: John and David James, Eleazer Smith, the Cases, the wives of John and ihomas Potter, and others.

anti-skvery members. Josial, and Em.ly Bell Francs and Miriam Eiot (Ball and Root were both local preachers), Joseph and Hannah Cnrtis, Andrew Meredith, Harvey Davis and wife, GrifRn Davis and wife, Samnel Horner and wile Wm. R. Williams, J. W. Johnson, Eli Morgan and wife', Jedediah Price and wife, Elam Unthank, Michael Keever and wife were early members. Early preachers: Miffiu, Harker, Daniel Worth, Alex. Haywood, Emsley Brooksli.re, L on Worth, Alfred Hiatt and George RoS-^ J >; >-- of worship was erected in 1844, a a cost of about |1,200. The present membership is forty-hve. Pastor, Rev. P. W . BildeAack; Class-leader, Wm. R. William,; Trustees, Chnstopher Williams, Martin Davis.

Biographical

MaMon Arnat, youngest son ot Willis and Elizabeth . (Mtdenhall) Arn;t[, was born Aug^ 30, 1833, in New Garden Township, Wayne Co., Ind. He resided with his father S he was nineteen years of age, after which he engaged m fa ming in his native township until 1858^ He hen pur- Cd'a saw-mill, in what is now Webster To-sbip which he operated for three years, when he removed to 01»o »»« foUowed farming for a time, after which he dealt in beef and po Ury. In thf spring of 1861 he returned to the old homertead where he resided till 1868. He then earned on the grte'ry business in Richmond for two years after which he Lainenga<.ed in farming on the homestead till 1880. Jle afain embarked in the grocery trade at Richmond, which he Snowed one year. He then opened a store in Fouu am C ty 1, r. i.o hcQ <?inoe carried on the business, -teb. ly, ^o-*** L"itetrElizabeth Talbot, of Preble County Oio t Xm h had six children-Ella, Delia, Minnie, Charle , WiUis (deceased) and Luther. Mrs. Arnet ^-d Dec^6- 1 3

Wim Arnat, deceased, - ^ "^''l^ "^.^f'^.^d ^hai ' and was married in his native State to Elizabeth Mendenha , Tdau-hter of Jonathan Mendenhall, who was one of the his a aaugniei ui uun snbiect died in 1868. To this union were born seven children, only three still living. About a year and a half after his wife's death Mr. Arnett was married to Nancy (Scott) Hockett, widow of Nathan Hockett. Mr. Arnett's death occurred in September, 1868. He was a member of the society of J'riends.

John Barnes^ farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Wayne Township, Wayne Co., Ind., Feb. 13, 1849, the youngest son of Shapleigh F. and EUeanor (McConnaha) Barnes. He was reared on a farm about three and a half miles southwest of Richmond, receiving his education in the common schools. In 1869 his father moved to New Garden Township, where he died in 1877. John remained at home assisting his father, and at the latter's death took charge of the farm, which he now owns. He has one of the best farms in the township, consisting of 144 acres of well-improved land. March 22, 1883, he was married to Julia A. Bond, daughter of Thomas Bond, of Webster Township. She is a member of the Society of Friends. Politically Mr. Barnes votes the Republican ticket.

Samuel F. Barnes was born in Centre Township, Wayne Co., Ind., Jan. 13, 1845, the second son of Shapleigh and EUeanor (McConnaha) Barnes. Our subject was reared and educated in Wayne Township, this county, where his parents removed when he was about four years of age. Aug. 12, 1869, he was married to Ann Elizabeth, eldest daughter of John M. and Nancy J. (King) Maxwell, who were among the pioneer families of Wayne County. To them have been born two children - Estella and King M.. After his marriage Mr. Barnes resided two and a half years on a farm in Wayne Township, after which he removed to Centre Township. Iti 1875 he settled in Webster Township, and in the fall of 1883 he settled on his present farm, which contains 100 acres of excellent land. Mr. Barnes and wife are active members of the Society of Friends.

Shapleigh Barnes^ deceased, was born in Fairfield County, Va., April 20, 1800, a son of James and Mary Barnes, and of French descent. He was married in 1828, to EUeanor McConnaha, who was born in Loudoun County, Va., Nov. 8, 1807, a daughter of Samuel and Nancy (Bathon) McConnaha. In the fall of 1828 he moved to Wayne Coiintv, Ind., and settled near Centre ville, where he worked at the carpenter's trade some years, and then turned his attention to farming. In 1850 he moved to a farm four miles southwest of Richmond ; afterward he moved to New Garden Township, where his wife died Oct. 13, 1873, and he, Dec. 7, 1877. They had a family of twelve children, nine of whom are living, all but two in Wayne County. Two died in early childhood, and one in infancy. Mrs. Barnes was a member of the Baptist church.

John Benson^ deceased, was born in Greene County, Ohio, Feb. 6, 1809, a son of James and Elizabeth (Clark) Benson, natives of South Carolina, of English descent. He was married in 1828 to Jane Hunt, a native of Randolph County, Ind. To them were born six children; but four are living - Abram, Clark, Rebecca and Elizabeth. Washington and Sarah Jane are deceased. In 1831 they moved to Randolph County, Ind., where he was engaged in farming till 1864. Mrs. Benson died in 1850. Dec. 21, 1854, Mr. Benson married Gulielma, daughter of Jonathan and Gulielma (Hutchins) Hugh, In 1864 they moved to Wayne County and located in JSTew Garden Township, on the farm where Mrs. Benson now resides, and where he died Aug;. 9, 1879. To his second marriage were born three children - Thomas E., Jennie and Albert. Mr. Benson was, as are also his family, a member of the Society of Friends.

Alonzo R. Boren^ eldest son of T. E. and Louisa (Thomas) Boren, was born in New Garden Township, Wayne Co., Ind., July 7, ]855. He received his education in the common schools. His youth was spent in assisting his father on tlie farm and in dealing in stuck. He was married Dec. 24, 1878, to Laura, daughter of William and Eliza (Jeffery) Shook. Two children have been born to them- -Clarence E. and Bertha (deceased). After his marriage he resided two years on a farm near his birthplace, when he removed to his present farm on section 19, which contains lifty acres of well-cultivated land. In politics Mr. Boren affiliates with the Democratic party. Mrs. Boren is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church.

of T. E. and Louisa (Thomas) Boren. Eis education was received in the common schools. lie early in life began to assist his father, and on reachino^ his majority engaged in business with him. He was married Dec. 27, 1881, to Lillie Bowen, a daughter of James and Marietta Bowen, of Randolph County, Ind. They have had two children (twins) - Blanche May and Harry M. The latter died at the age of three months and seventeen days.

T. E. Boren^ farmer and stock-dealer, is one of the most prominent as well as most successful men of New Garden Township. His father, Jehu Boren, was a native of North Carolina, born June 16, 1804, and married Nancy Meredith, a native of the same State, born Nov. 2, 1803. She was a sister of the late General Solomon Meredith. In 1825 or 1826 they came in a one-horse wagon to Wayne County, having when reaching their destination 62|^ cents, with an indebtedness of $3.50. The first seven years they lived on rented land on West River, but by economy and good management saved enough to buy 100 acres on section 8, New Garden Township, at that time mostly unimproved. He cleared and cultivated his farm, and subsequently dealt quite extensively in stock. Mrs. Boren died in 1865 and Mr. Boren in 1873. Four of their five children lived till maturity, but T. E. Boren, the youngest, is the only one now living. He was born in New Garden Township, Jan. 4, 1833. He received but a limited education, but assisted his father on the farm, and thereby gained a practical knowledge of farming and stock-raising, an avocation he has been successfully engaged in for several years. He now has a farm of 430 acres of fine land. In 1881 he handled stock to the value of $34,597; in 1882, $31,363; in 1883, $57,526. No man in the county is more enterprising and public spirited than he. His residence is one of the best, as well as most pleasantly situated in the county. His farm buildings are comfortable and everything about his home betokens thrift and enterprise. Hospitable and generous, friends and strangers alike are welcome in their home by both Mr. and Mrs. Boren. They have six children - Alonzo R., Salomon M., Robert B., William Mc, Loretta E. and John H.

Daniel Charles was born Oct. 8, 1799, in Eandolph County, N.C., tlie third son of Samuel and Gulielma (Saint) Charles, natives of Korth Carolina, born respectively June 5, 1759, and Oct. 11, 1761. Samuel Charles came to Wayne County, Ind., in the sprino^ of 1812, when it was nothing but a wilderness, and settled on a tract of land one mile east of Richmond, which he cleared and cultivated. He followed farming through life, and died at the advanced age of ninety years. His wife died at the age of eighty-eight years. They and their ten children were members of the Society of Friends, Samuel Charles being an Elder. Our subject, Daniel Charles, came with his parents to Wayne County at the age of twelve years, and remained at home till he grew to manhood. He was educated in log cabin school houses with greased paper for windows, where the whip was used as an educator to compel all to spell and read audibly while learning their lessons. He was married March 9, 1820, to Miriam, daughter of .Thomas and A.bigail (Abeson) Moore, natives of North Carolina. The former lived to the advanced age of ninety-three, and the latter to the age of sixty -five. Daniel Charles and wife were the parents of ten children, only six now living. After his marriage Mr. Charles settled on a tract of uncultivated land where he made a farm and remained there till 1882, when he removed to Fountain. His wife died in 1866, and in 1867 he was married to Catharine Huff Shugart, who is still living, aged seventy-two. The first lots in Richmond were laid off in 1816, and settled mostly by Friends. The colored people erected little cottages in what is now the south part of Richmond, which at that time was called South Africa. The fugitive slaves found the settlement, but the slaveholders also found it out, and if they could not find their slaves they would knock down some free negroes and run them off toward Kentucky. Tiiis caused the Friends so much trouble in running after them and bringing back those who were free that they formed the first antislavery society in this country, and psrsuaded the colored people to go to Canada. Soma of them having married slaves, quite a number consented to go, and his brother, John Charles, and Frederick Hoover went with them through a wilderness country. This happened between 1820 and 1830. These two young men kept a record of the journey, but it is supposed to be lost. Some anti-slavery men belong, ing to other churches and some who did not belong to any church were actively engaged in rescuing free men when taken, and in this none were mor^ active than Rev. David Pervines, of the Christian, or New Light, Church.

Joshua B. Cherioivorth, ninth son of William and Kitturah (Murray) Chenoworth, natives of Marylaiid, was born in Randolph County, Ind., Dec. 5, 1842. He was reared on his father's farm, and educated in the schools of his native county. Oct. 12, 1864, he enlisted in the late war in Company G, Thirty-eighth Indiana Infantry, and was honorably discharged at the close of the Rebellion. He participated in several skirmishes, and in the battle of Kashville, Tenn.; joined Sherman's command at Goldsborough, N. C. After the surrender of Johnson at Greensborough marched back to Washington City. After the war he followed agricultural pursuits in Randolph County till his removal to Wayne County where he engaged in farming about seven years. He then returned to Randolph County, residing there one year, and in the spring of 1875 he settled on bis present farm, which contains 176 acres of well-cultivated land. He has on his farm a fine residence and commodious stables and out buildings. He was married Nov. 16, 1865, to Martha J., daughter of Josiah and Rachel Haisly. They are the parents of five children - Florence Y., lona G., Eva C, Jessie E. and Georgia. Our subject's mother was of English descent, daughter of John Murray, and his father was of' Scotch descent, a son of William Chenoworth. They had a family of thirteen children, Joshua B. being the tenth child. His father died in Randolph County, Ind., in 1877, aged seventy-four years. Our subject's mother is now a resident of Ohio.

one year in the dry-goods store of J. C. Eodgers, when he became a junior partner in the dry-goods store of Bowen & Horn. At the end of a year he purchased a half interest in the same store, and carried on the business at that place till July, 1883, when he purchased his present slock in Fountain City. April 3, 1880, he married Ellen, daughter of A. D. Jeffries, of "Wayne County. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically, Mr: Clements is a Republican. His grandparents, Isaac and Elizabeth (Brandonburg) Clements, were natives of Ohio, of Irish descent and Pennsylvania,of German descent, respectively. IsaacClements was one of the earliest settlers of Wayne County, Ind., residing there till his death. His wife died at the residence of her son Anthony, in Randolph County, Ind.

Elijah Coate was born in Miami County, Ohio, July 20, 1812, a son of John and Esther (Feague) Coate, natives of South Carolina, who moved to Ohio in the fall of 180i, and settled in Miami County. He was married June 26, 1832, to Rebecca, daughter of Benjamin and Susannah (Jay) Coppock. Her parents removed from South Carolina to Miami County, Ohio, in an early day on account of their abhorrence for the system of slavery, as did also the parents of Mr. Coate. Mr. and Mrs. Coate's parents were members of the Societj' of Friends, and they were married in union meeting according to the custom of the society. To them have been born nine children, but five of whom are living - Esther, wife of D. "Welleman, and Mary, wife of Horatio Pearson, of Miami County, Ohio; Susan, wife of Dr. J. T. Miles, of Bryant, Jay Co., Ind.; Lindiey M., of Fountain City, and John M., of Richmond. In 1842 or 1848 a separation took place in the Indiana Yearly Meeting of Friends, caused by differences of opinion on the slavery question. Those withdrawing were called Anti -slavery Friends, and to this body Mr. and Mrs. Cjate adhered, but subsequently joined the Wesleyan Methodist church, and soon after Mr. C)ate was ordained an Elder. From that time he was in the itinerancy twenty-five years. Two years of the time he spent with his family in McNairy County, W. Tenn., as a missionary of the Indiana Conference of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, and one year with his wife in the same work in Guilford and adjoining counties in North Carolina. He is now superannuated and living at his home in Wayne County, and his ministerial labors are limited to his own locality. He is called one of the old anti-slavery wheel horses; was an active worker on the underground railroad. He is a radical temperance worker, and an earnest advocate of an amendment to the State Constitution prohibitino- the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage. He is also an advocate of the woman suffrage movement.

Melvin Coggeshell, farmer and^stock-raiser, was born Dec. 18, 1844, in Green Township, Wayne Co., Ind., the third son of Job and Juda Julia Coggeshell. He was reared to manhood on the home farm and educated at the common schools. On attaining his majority he went to Illinois, and spent thirteen months in farming. He then returned to Wayne County, Ind., and worked with his brother for two years. He was married Dec. 31, 1868, to Sarah, daughter of Thomas Jessop, one of the pioneers of Green Township. They have three daughters - Olive, Oceola and Emma. Since his marriage he has lived on the place where he now resides. His farm contains 129 acres of excellent land in a high state of cultivation. He has a fine residence on his farm, and commodious out-buildings. Mr. Coggeshell is a Democrat in politics. His wife belongs to the Society of Friends.

James Conner was born in New Garden Township, Wayne Co., Ind., Feb. 29, 1824, the youngest of nine children of Lewis and Margaret (McClerand) Conner, his father a native of South Carolina, of Irish descent, and his mother a native of Scotland, came to America with her parents when sixteen years of age. His parents were married in South Carolina about 1.780, and in 1822 moved to Wayne County, Ind., and settled in New Garden Township. In 1832 they moved to Grant County and located near Marion, where the mother died in 1835, and the father in 1871. Of their nine children seven were born in South Carolina, and two in Wayne County, Ind. James Conner remained with his parents till twenty years of age, when, May 8, 1844, he was married and settled in Fountain City, where he worked at the carpenter's trade four years. In 1850 he moved to Richmond, and worked as a pattern-maker till the breaking out of the Rebellion. He enlisted in Company D, Eighth Indiana Infantry, and was commissioned its Second Lieutenant; was subsequently promoted to First Lieutenant. At the expiration of his term of service he returned home, and almost immediately recruited a company of 120 men. The citizens of Wayne County donated 121: horses, and they were assigned to the Forty-first Reo-- iment, or Second Indiana Cavalry, as Company C, and Mr. Conner was commissioned its Captain. They^ participated in the battles of Pittsburg Landing, Corinth (where he was promoted to Major of the regiment), and many hard skirmishes. In 1862, on account of failing health, he resigned and returned home, but in the spring of 1863 enlisted as a private in the One Hundred and First Indiana, and engaged in the battles at Milton, Tenn., Hoover's Gap, Chickamauga. At the latter battle he was wounded in the right arm and disabled for a time. He was detailed to the recruiting service and returned to Indiana, and raised Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Infantry. He was appointed Captain of the company, and with it went with Sherman through the battles of Atlanta, Dalton, Resaca, Altoona, Lookout Mountain, and Peach Tree Creek. At Atlanta he received an injury from which he has never recovered. After a war record of four years he was discharged, and returned to Richmond, Ind., and went to work at his trade, remaining there till 1877, when he moved to Fountain City. Mr. Conner has been a member of the Board of Town Trustees two years, and is now its President. He is also a member of the Board of Education. He is an enthusiastic worker for the cause of temperance. He was married in 1844, to Jennie, daughter of Michael Keever, who died in 1874, leaving six children - Louisa, Albert C, Thompson M., Theodore M., J. Charles F., and Henrietta. In 1877 Mr. Conner married Mrs. Emeline Scarce, daughter of John S. and Mary Hunt. Mrs. Conner is a member of the Society of Friends.

Harvey Davis, the oldest citizen of Fountain City and one of the earliest settlers of JSTew Garden Township, was born in Pasquotank County, N. C, Nov. 15, 1806, a son of Devotion and Mary (Green) Davis, natives of North Carolina, of Welsh descent. His parents died when lie was a child, and he went to live with an uncle, who also died a year later. He remained with his uncle's family and in May, 1824, came with his cousins to Wayne County, Ind., and located in Fountain City. That same year he began learning the cabinet-maker's trade with Solomon Thomas, and served an apprenticeship of two and a half years. He remained in the same shop working as a journeyman two years, and then bought the business of his employer, and for the past sixty years has been in business on the same spot, having in the meantime had three different buildings on the lot. He is probably the oldest cabinetmaker and undertaker in the State of Indiana. Feb. 24,1830. he was married to Eunice, daughter of Nehemiah and Eunice Hayre, of Ross County, Ohio. Of their six children three are living - Mary J., William and Susan. Elizabeth, Rebecca A, and an infant are deceased. His wife died and he subsequently married Mrs. Sarah (Prichard) Hendricks. They have had six children - Sarah, Julia, Morton, Eliza, Lucy C, and George A., the two latter deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Davis are members of the Methodist church. He is also an ardent worker in the temperance cause.

Robert Diuiggins^ farmer and stock-raiser, was born in New Garden Township, Wayne Co., Ind., Aug. 31, 1823, the third son of Joseph and Rebecca (Leverton) Dwiggins. His father died when he was three years old, and his early life was spent in hard work on a frontier farm. He was educated in the log-cabin subscription schools, and lived with his mother till he grew to manhood. He was first married to Rachel Seaman, a native of Ohio, by whom he had three children - Joseph, who died in the late war; Caroline and Ozro. After his marriage Mr. Dwiggins bought a farm of 100 acres in New Garden Township, where he resided about eighteen years when he sold it and purchased a farm in Webster Township. He soon sold the latter farm, and purchased the one where he still resides, and which contains 141 acres ot highly cultivated land. Mrs. Dwiggins died in 1871, and in 1875 Mr. Dwiggins was again married to Mrs. Caroline (Lister) Morman. He and his wife are members of the

Sainuel Dioiggins, youngest son of Joseph and Rebecca (Leverton) Dwiggins, was born Aug. 7, 1825, in New Garden Township, Wayne Co., Ind. His father died when he was an infant, and he resided with his mother until he was eighteen years old. He was married in 1846 to Marena Baldwin, of Wayne County, Ind, Four children were born to them; three survive - Thomas B., Rebecca J., Joseph F., Luzena, deceased. Mrs. Dwiggins died in 1855, and in 1856 Mr. Dwiggins married Sarah A. Davis, a native of Wayne County, Ind., by whom he had one child - Robert B. His wife died in 1859, and in 1861 he married his present wife, whose maiden name was Eraaline Unthank, a native of Wayne County, Ind. To this union has been born six children - Cora P., Elmer P., Ancil Gr., Anna L., Frank M. and Lurena. Mr. Dwiggins bought a farm in what is now Webster Township, which he subsequently sold, and purchased one a mile and a half north of Fountain City. In connection with his farming he has been engaged in the hardware business, making a specialty of agricultural implements. He is a Republican in politics. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church in Fountain City.

Charles F. Edgerton, merchant. Fountain City, Ind., was born in Franklin Township, Wayne Co., Ind., Aug. 27, 1860, a son of N"athan and Ruth A. (Rogers) Edgerton. He was reared on a farm, remaining with his parents till nineteen years of age. He then went to Arba, Randolph County, and was employed as clerk in a general mercantile store two years. He then returned to Wayne County, and was employed by Hill & Woody, of Fountain City, one year. The next year he traveled for a Cincinnati firm, and in January, 1884, commenced business for himself in Fountain City, where he now has a constantly increasing trade. Eov. 29, 1882, he was married to Eva Pearson, daughter of Thomas and Lavinia (Harris) Pearson, of Fountain City.

William E. Elliott was born Oct. 22, 1829, in Preble County, Ohio, a son of Miles and Fanny (Newbern) Elliott, who were natives of Chowan County, N. C. They came to

Preble County, Ohio, in 1829, where oar subject was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools. He was married in September, 1852, to Ruth Hill, a native of Randolph County, Iiid., and dau^jhter of Aaron and Piety (Arnold) Hill, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of North Carolina. Their children are - Emmy C, Minerva J., Piety and Fanny. Mr. Elliott has followed ac^ricultural pursuits through life, and has met with much success. After his marriaoje he purchased a farm in Randolph County, Ind., in which county he resided twenty years. He then sold out, and purchased the farm of ninety acres in New Garden Township, near Fountain Cit}-, where he still resides. Politically he is a Republican, and he and I'amily belong to the Society of Friends.

Joseph Finney was born in West Milton, Miami Co., Ohio, Dec. 11, 1815, a son of Robert and Hannah (Hickman) Finney, natives of G-rayson County, N. C. , his father of English and his mother of English and Irish descent. Robert Finney served in the war of 1812, ontliefrontier of Indiana Territory, being at that time a resident of Kentucky. In 1814 he moved to Miami County, Ohio, and there reared a family of four daughters and two sons, our subject being next to the youngest. He and his wife both died in Miami County. Our subject was reared in his native town. He had but limited educational advantages, attending school but two or three months in the year, but being ambitious, he fitted himself for a teacher, an occupation he followed fifteen years. He also assisted the merchants of Milton in keeping their books and making collections. I:i 1851 he removed to Miatni County, Ind., to a farm he had previously bought, and lived there twelve years. He then moved to Wayne County, and lived in Wayne Township eight years, when he bought his present farm in New Garden Township. He is wholly a self-made man. In his early life he was obliged to assist in the support of the family, and has since then been obliged to rely on his own resources. He was married Nov. 1, 1855, to Margaret Ann, daughter of James and Margaret Reed, of Miami County, Ind. She died April 18, 1863, leaving three children - Gen- eva, who died June 10, 1879, aged twenty-two years, nine months, and twenty-two days; Eldridge and Almeda. Aug. 26, 1869, Mr. Finney married Elizabeth, daughter of Isaiah Pembertou, of Miami County, Ohio. They have one child - Margaret.

H. A. Fox^ son of George and Lydia (Mendenhall) Fox, natives of Miami County, Ohio, was born Oct. 28, 1848, in Miami County. He received a common-school education, and remained at home till 1878, helping his father in his flouring mill and on the farm. He was married Nov. 6, 1872, to Anna A. TuUis, a native of Darke County, Ohio. Their family consists of two children - Thomas B. and Myrtle A. In June, 1878, Mr. Fox came to Fountain City, lud, , and built his flour-mill, which he has since operated with success, having by his strict attention to business gained the patronage of the surrounding country and is doing a large custom work. Politically, Mr. Fox is a Republican. Mrs. Fox is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church.

Timothy Harrington^ eldest son of Humphrey and Margaret (Collins) Harrington, was born in County Cork, Ireland, in August, 1812. He was reared on a farm till he grew to manhood. Feb. 12, 1843, he was married to Mary E., daughter of John and Mary (Savage) Hearn, natives of County Cork, Ireland. After the birth of his two eldest children he emigrated to America, in 1852. He landed in New Orleans, and came to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained one month. He then removed to Dayton, Ohio, where he was engaged as night watchman for the Dayton & Indianapolis Railroad for thirteen years. He then removed to Richmond, Ind., where he followed the same occupation for five years. ^'^ economy and good management he was enabled tc purchase his present farm in 1869, where he has since been engaged in farming and stock-raising. His farm contains 200 acres of land in a high state of cultivation. Since coming to America, eight children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Harrington, of whom seven survive - John J., Margaret, Kate, James H., Humphrey T., Timothy F., Mary E. Three died in childhood.

Abram H. Harris, farmer and stock-raiser, is the second son of David M. and Rachel (Himt) Harris, and was born in ^ Randolph County, Ind., Dec. 28, 1827. His mother died « when he was but eight years old. He then lived with his ' uncle, John Harris, four years, when he returned to his ' father, remaining with him till twenty-two years of ao-e. His education was received in the subscription schools the greater part of his youth being spent in assisting his father on the farm. March 2, 1850, he was married to Melinda, daughter of Willis and Elizabeth (Mendenhall) Arnett, who came from Stokes County, X. C, to Wayne County, Ind., in October, 1829. After his marriage, Mr. Harris bought the farm where he now lives, having to barrow the money with which to pay for it. He was industrious, economical, and, by good management, in a few years had the debt, with interest at ten per cent., paid. He now has one of the finest upland farms in the township, owning over 200 acres of well-improved land. He and his wife are members of the Society of Friends, and are esteemed by all who know them.

Addison H. Hai^is, farmer and stock-raiser, was born April 18, 1826, in Wayne County, Ind., a son of Benjamin and Lydia (Hiatt) Harris, pioneer settlers of Wayne County. He was reared a farmer, and received but a limited education in the early subscription schools. He was ambitious, and by close application at home prepared himself to teach, a vocation he followed some years. In 1850 he went to California, crossing the plains ; was nearly six months making the trip. He engaged in mining two years, and then in the mercantile business a year. He was successful in his operations and in 1853 returned to Indiana. He was engaged in merchandising in Fountain City eight years, and in Manchester two years, and in 1864 bought his farm in Kew Garden Township, where he now resides. He runs 160 acres of wellimproved land. He has also been engaged in the manufacture of tiling thirteen years. July 14, 1859, he was married to Adehne J. Woods, daughter of William S. and mncy (Madrais) Woods. They have eight children-Lizzie Ma/ James Fremont, William Andre, Charles A., Raleio-h B Mattie B., Mollie O. and Franklin B. Mr. Harris has been Justice of the Peace of New Garden Township eight years.

David M. Sarris, deceased, was bora in Guilford County, SI C Oct 19 1799, tie second s'on of Obadiah Harris, if 1,0 was one of the first ministers of the Society of Friends in Wavue County. He came with his parents to Wayne County early in the present century, and located on the farm now owned by Davis Pegg, in New Garden Township Whenhe started in life for himself he boughtforty acres of land in New Garden Township, which he afterward sold, and then entered kiahty acres in Randolph County, and began clearmg up a new favm. He remained in Randolph County till 1834 and then moved to Grant County, being one of the first settlers. He was married in 1821 to Rachel, daughter of Abraham Hunt, of Randolph County. To them were born five ehddreu _Le;iC., of Cincinnati; Abram H., of New Garden Township; Thomas, of Decatur County, Iowa; W.ll.am B., of St. tolk Mo.; and an infant, deceased. Mrs. Harns d.ed m Grant County in 1885, and he soon after o Fountam City (then Newport), residmg in and near there tdl his death i^ iu-ust 1867. In 1840 he was married to Sarah, daughte, ftrre'shugart,andwidowofJosephRatliC Teyhad one daifghter-Rachel J., now Mrs. Jos.ah Knigh . Mr. Hams was an unassuming, quiet man always attendmg strictly tohisown business. He was a zealous member of the Society of Friends and took an active part in the ant,-slavery

-"JXt J^arri., M. D., was born in O"»ford bounty N. C Feb 16, 1836, the only son of Jonathan and Lou sa b. Smart! Cris, and grandson of Obadiah Hams, a mm.ster S the Society rf Friends in an early day. He was educated i t Friends' boarding school in North Carolina, and at Haverforlcolege Pa 'hc began the study of medicine with Dr. Neve?>s Mendenhall, of Guilford County, N. C, and graduated ftom the University of Michigan in the sprmg of 864^

Nathcm Hodgin was born in Randolj3h County, N. C, Aug. 8, 1811, a son of Joseph and Ruth (Dick) Hodgin, natives of North Carolina, of English descent. He remained in his native State till 1832, when he came to Indiana and remained in Randolph County one summer. He then returned to North Carolina, and in 1833 was married to Mornen, daughter of John and Abigail (Hobbs) Coffin. Immediately after his marriage he returned to Randolph County, Ind., and entered forty acres of unimproved land which he cleared and improved, subsequently adding to it till he owned 160 acres. In 1866 he sold his farm and bought the one where he now lives, in New Garden Township, Wayne County. Hi° present farm consists of 100 acres of fine land, with a good residence and farm buildings. His wife died in 1858. To them were born seven children - Abigail, deceased, wife of Asa Bond; Ruth, wile of Allen Thorne; Emily, wife of Mahlon Charaness; Eunice, wife of James P. Bunch; Martha, wife of Caldwell Townsend ; Milton, married Matilda Reece ; Malinda,. wife of Joseph Martin. In 1860 Mr. Hodgin married Mrs. Mahala Jackson,»a daughter of Daniel and Cat4i.erine Beals. They have one child - Rosa. Mrs. Hodgin had six childrenby her former marriage - Joseph C, Isom, Linley M., Lydia Ann (now Mrs. John D. Wright), Thomas and Lavinia, thetwo latter deceased. Mr. Hodgin and his family are members of the Society of Friends.

Moses Hough was born in New Garden Township, Wayne- Co., Ind., May 26, 1820, a son of Jonathan and Gulielma, (Hutchins) Hough, natives of Surry County, N. C, who came to Wayne County in the fall of 1811 and settled in New Garden Township, on the section where Fountain City is now located. It was heavily timbered and there was not a white settler in the county north or northwest of them. The first winter they suffered from the extreme cold, but in a few years they were rewarded for their privations by good crops and a comfortable home. To them were born ten children, two of whom are living. They were members of the Soaiety of Friends and were always among the foremost in the upbuilding of every good cause. Their home was a refuge for the slave and they were especially active workers in the cause of temper- ance. Mrs. Hough died in 1859, aged seventj-five years, and Mr. Hongli in September, 1867, aged eighty-three and a half years. Oar subject was married in 1842 to Peninnah, daughter of Luke and Avis (Cox) Woodard. Of their eight children, but five are living. They are members of the Society of Friends. Mr. Hough has always been a farmer, and in connection with farming has engaged in saw and grist milling.

Thomas C. Hough, gardener and farmer, was born Jan. 8, 1846, in New Garden Township, Wayne Co., Ind., the eldest son of Moses and Peninnah (Woodard) Hough. He recfeived a common-school education and lived on the farm with his parents until he grew to manhood. He was married Nov. 15, 1866, to Jennie, daughter of William and Mary Fulghum, who were pioneers of Wayne County. They have had five children, three still living - Harry, Oliver Burton, and William. Evelena and Edna are deceased. In 1868 Mr. Hough removed to Douglas County, Kas., but returned to Indiana two years later and located in Winchester, Randolph County, where he was engaged in farming and gardening two years, since which he has resided in his native township. He and family are members of the Society of Friends.

Daniel Huff, son of John Hufi, the son of Daniel Huff, the son of Daniel Huff, the son of Daniel Huff, was born in Surry County, K C, Nov. 29, 1816, and in 1819 his parents, John and Mary Huff, emigrated to Wayne County, Ind., and settled a mile east of the New Garden Friends' meeting-house, and a mile and a half southeast of Fountain City. At that time the greater part of the land was heavily timbered. His ancestors were of English extraction. His mother, a member of the Burnside family, was born in Maryland, but moved with her parents to North Carolina when a little girl. She was a sociable, talented woman, and served as Clerk of her Quarterly Meeting most of the time from 1819 till her death, in 1846, aged sixty-seven years. His father, John Huff, was uncommonly quiet, a peaceable, hard-working man, who was never known to have any trouble with any one, though he lived to be over eighty years of age. He died in 1852. There was a family of eight children, six of whom lived till maturity - James, married

Susannah II. Butler; Cristee, married Ann Blessing; Matilda, married David Maxwell; Amelia, married Jonathan Elliott; Daniel, married Emily Jane Nixon; Tamar, married Moses Spruy. All save Daniel are now deceased. He has undergone some of the privations of pioneer life. Has seen tlie bounding of the wild deer and heard the howling of wolves from the old cabin door. He assisted his parents in opening the farm, remaining with them till twenty-one years of age. In the winter of 1837 he was employed by William Hough to_ work three months in a wagon shop, in what is now Fountain City. At the expiration of that time he was hired for the* season, and has continued to work in a wagon and carriage shop for forty-six years. His education was a limited, one, never attending school more than two months in the winter, and then in the early subsciption school, taught in vacated cabins. He was married in 1844 to Emily Jane, daughter of Samuel and Rhoda (Hubbard) Nixon, of Fountain City, and sister of Dr. O. W. and William Nixon, of the Inter Ocean, Chicago, 111. Tney have had five children - Rhoda Alice, wife of Solomon Woody; Roxanna, died in early childhood; Charles Sumner, a merchant of Martinsville, Morgan County, Ind,, married Alsie Lasell; Oliver Nixon, a graduate of Ann Arbor Medical College, now a physician of Fountain City, Ind.; Atwood H., recently a salesman for Marshall Field & Co., Chicago, but now mailing clerk in the Inter Ocean office. Mr. and Mrs. Huff have always been members of the Suciety of Friends, their children also adhering to the same faith. Politically, he first voted for Harrison in 1840. In 1844 voted for Birney, and from the Liberty went to the Free-Soil party; thence, in 1856, to the R'ipublican party; still holds one foot on its wasting glory and the other on the Prohibition car, on a bee-line for prohibiting the manufacture and sale of all intoxicating liquors in the State, and expects soon to lift the other foot to the car and never change again. He was one of the freight agents of the Underground Railroad and was permitted to shelter some of the sable race while on their journey from whips and chains to a land of freedom; was one of the councilmen in midnight houses when owners were in hot pursuit. He was never a member of any secret order nor military company, locking on all wars as a relic of barbarism and in no sense belonging to a Christian nation or the peaceable kingdom of Christ.

Lewis Jeffery^ farmer and stock-raiser, was born in New Garden Township, Wayne Co., Ind., Feb. 24, 1828, a son of Joel and Hmnah (Case) Jeffery. His early education was obtained in log school-hoase on section 26. He remained with his parents till manhood. He was married Jan. 4, 1849, to Cecily J., daughter of Thornton and Nancy Freeman, natives of South Carolina, who came to Wayne County, Ind., about 1829, and settled in Green Township, afterward removing to New Garden Township, where the father died and the mother still lives. After his marriage, Mr. JeiFery settled on the old homestead, remaining there nine years. He then bought the farm where he now lives, consisting of 120 acres of well-improved land. Mr. and Mrs. Jeffery have had six children; three are living - Perry L., Cornelia A., and Medora C. The three eldest , Margaret E., Mary E., and William L., are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Jeffery have been members of the Methodist Episcopal church forty-two years. Mr. Jeffery's father was born in New Jersey ab^ut the year 1788. He served in a New Jersey regiment in the war of 1812, and soon after the war came to Indiana and purchased 210 acres of land in New Garden Township. He returned to New Jersey in 1820 and his father and family came with him to Indiana. He was married in 1819 to Hannah Case, daughter of Isaiah and Francis Case.O f their thirteen children, eleven grew to maturity, and seven are still living. Joel Jeffery died in 1860 and his wife in 1868. Isaiah Case came to Indiana in 1814, living here the remainder of his life.

Amasa M. Jenkins was born in Marion County, Ohio, June 1, 1844, a son of Hubert and Ann (Pearson) Jenkins, t\\2 former a native of North Carolina and of Welsh descent, and the latter a native of Mirion County, Ohio, of English ancestry. At the age of four years his father settled on a farm near D-iyton, Ohio, where he was reared and attended the common schools, completing his education at Splceland Academy and at Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. During the late war our subject was drafted into the service of the

United States, bat it bein^ against his principles to tight, he was, through the influence of the commanding officer at Dayton, honorably discliarged. He resided on the homestead till 1869 when he removed to his present home in New Garden Township, where lie has a fine farm of 141 acres of improved land. lie was married May 21, 1866, to Mary Ann, daughter of Luke and Mildred (Fulghum) Thomas. They have had six children - Charles Francis, Atwood L., Olive L., Alice A., Alvin, and an infant (deceased). Mr. Jenkins and wife are members of the Society of Friends.

John Wright Johnson was horn in Guilford County, N. C, Oct. 25, lS19,a son of William and Deborah (Coffin) Johnson, When he was quite small, his father died and his mother came with her family to Wayne County, Ind., and settled in Boston Township. They subsequently removed to Fountain City where his mother died, when he was eighteen years of age. Of her five children, but one is living - our subject. Levi, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, died on the 12th day of January, 1884, being one of the oldest ministers in the Indiana Conference. He learned the carpenter's trade, serving an apprenticeship of two years with J. W. Hiatt, and afterward worked at his trade in Fountain City fifteen years. He then removed to Jo Daviess County, 111., and engaged in farming until 1869, when he returned to Fountain City. In 1881 he became associated with his son in the drug and notion business. Mr. Johnson was married in 1840 to Naomi, daughter of Micajah and Hannah Morgan. They had twochildren - Micajah M., a resident of Nebraska, and Adeline (deceased). Mrs. Johnson died in 1845, and in 1846 Mr. Johnson married Clerky H., daughter of Benjamin and Annie Thomas. They have had six children; but four are living - B. T., Luther L., Dr. L. C. and Anna Bell. Mr. Johnson was licensed as a preacher in the Wesley an Methodist church in 1847, and in 1852 he was ordained minister in the same church and traveled in the itinerant evanirelical field for fifteen years, and on account of failing health he retired from the local relation of the church.

twelve children of George S. and Jane (Venard) Keever, his father a native of Pennsylvania, of German descent, and his mother a native of Ohio. His grandfather, Stephen Yenard, was one of the first settlers of Ohio. His parents passed their days in Warren Connty, Ohio. He remained at home till manhood, assisting his father on the farm. Feb, 2, 1826, he was married to Henrietta, daughter of Valentine and Catherine (Smith) Pence, natives of Virginia. He settled on a farm in his native county, but in the spring of 1837 moved to Wayne Connty, Ind., and purchased the farm where he now lives, in ]^ew Garden Township. His wife died Feb. 23, 1852. To them were born thirteen children; nine are now living - Harriett, Ruth, Lydia, Jason, John, Elmira, Catherine, Lucy Ann and George. The deceased are - Jane, Thompson, Susan E. and an infant. In December, 1854, Mr. Keever married Mrs. Harriet Bogiie, a daughter of John and Penina Peel. Of their children bat one is living - Ella. Albert and Henrietta are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Keever are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Although Mr. Keever has nearly reached his fourscore years he is still one of the active men of the township, taking an interest in all public aifairs and assisting liberally all benevolent and worthy objects.

Barnahus C. Marine^ a son of Jonathan and Piety (Bogue) Marine, and grandson of the late Jonathan Marine, was born in New Garden (now Franklin) Township, Wayne Co., Ind., Jan. 30, 1836. His education was received in the common schools, residing on the farm with his parents till manhood. On leaving home he settled on a farm in Franklin Township and taught the district school winters for several years. In 1872 he engaged in the mercantile business in connection with farming, receiving the sameyear the appointment of Postmaster of New Centre. In 1875 he moved to Arba, Randolph Connty, and engaged in the mercantile business a year and a half. He then moved to Fountain City where for four years he was in the hardware business. He then returned to his farm, but a year later returned to Fountain City. In 1882 he engaged in the drug business, and subsequently in general merchandising, but in 1883 airain engaged in farming. He owns a fine farm of eighty acres all well improved. Jan. 2, 1858, Mr. Marino was married to Mary Jane, daughter of Henry and Ann (Fisher) Blose. She died April 29, 1866, and Sept. 12, 1867, he married Eliz-ibeth. daughter of Aaron Hill. Mr. Marine was reared in the Society of Friends but is now a member of the Wesleyan Methodist church.

Billy Marine, farmer and stock-raiser. New Garden Township, Wayne Co., Ind., was born in the township Feb. 6, 1819, the youngest of eight children of Jonathan and Hannah (Moorman) Marine. His parents were among the earliest settlers of the county, coming here when the country was a wilderness infested with Indians and wild animals. He was reared on the frontier farm and was obliged to forego the privileges of more than a practical education, his schooling being limited to the subscription school in the primitive log school-house. When he was but eight years of age, June 6, 182 T, his father died, leaving a widow with a large family on a frontier farm but partially improved. As the older children advanced in years they left home, and the care of the mother devolved on him, a duty he gladly performed till her death. On reaching his majority he purchased the interests of the other heirs in the old homestead and has always made it his home, following diligently the avocation of a farmer. He is clearly a self-made man. Starting in life with a very little capital he has, by his own good management, industry and indomitable perseverance, accumulated a large property. His landed estate consists of 268 acres of the best land in the township, all well improved and under a high state of cultivation. Born on the old homestead, he has now made it his home for a period of sixty-live years and has witnessed its growth from an uncleared forest to its present rank among the best farms in the county. His family are surrounded with all the comforts of life ; his children have had the benefit of a good education, and he, in his declining years, can look back and contemplate with pleasure a well-spent life. He has always been a publicspirited man, giving liberally of his timo and means for the advancement of all public interests. Benevolent causes have always had his ready support, and the churches and schools of the township are due in a great measure to his liberality. Honest and honorable in the superlative degree, he has gained, as he deserves, the respect and confidence of the entire county. A native of the countv, it is only natural that he should, as he does, desire its upbuilding, and his greatest work, outside his own household, has been toward the furtherance of the county's welfare. Mr. Marine was married Nov. 8, 1860, to Hannah E. Graves, daughter of William Graves, and a native of Grant County, Ind. Her parents were natives of Tennessee. To Mr. and Mrs. Marine have been born three sons - Oliver M., Orlando and Charles.

Oliver M. Marine^ eldest son of Billy and Hannah (Graves) Marine, was born in New Garden Township, Wayne Co., Ind., Jan. 9, 1862. He received a common-school education and resided on the home farm till he attained his majority. He then carried on a mercantile business in Fountain City for one year, since which he has been engaged in his present business, that of undertaker and dealer in furniture, and has by his upright dealings gained the patronage of the surrounding country. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and politically is a Republican.

Samuel Mather^ farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Warren County, Ohio, Jan. 22, 1850, a son of David and Lurana (Steddom) Mather, his father a native of Bucks County, Penn., and his mother of Warren County, Ohio. His early education was received in the common schools. He afterward attended the normal school at Lebanon, Ohio, and Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. He resided with his parents till manhood, then engaged in the same business as his father, and to which he had been reared. He has been successful in his transactions, and is now one of the promising young farmers of New Garden Township. He was married June 10, 1874, to Lillie, daughter of Charles and Naomi (Mcllvain) Mather, a native of Philadelphia, Penn. They have four children - Irene S., Samuel Ernest, Naomi Lillian, D. Lindley. Mr. and Mrs. Mather are members of the Society of Friends. Politically he is a Republican.

Qq2 History Of Wayne County

William P. MoGilliard, farmer and stock-raiser, is the eldest son of John S. and Abigail (Preston) McGilliard, and was born Nov. 23, 1S36, in Hamilton County, Ohio. When thirteen years of age, he removed with his parents to Union County, Ind., remaining in Liberty eight years, and from there moved to Henry County, 111., where he was married Nov. 19, 1863, to Eliza, daughter of Hugh and Annie (Cunningham) Torrence. Tuey are the parents of two children Claude and Forrest. After his marriage Mr. McGilliard lived on a farm in Henry County, III, nine years, when he purchased, and removed to the farm where he has since resided. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. Mrs. McGilliard is a member of the Presbyterian church.

Moses Kelly Miles, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Miami County, Ohio, July 29, 1829, a son Samuel and Annie CKelly) Miles, who were natives of South Carolina, the former being of English and the latter of Irish descent. They were the parents of five children, of whom three survive. Mrs. Miles died in 1837, and our subject's father was again married, to Elizabeth Neal, by whom he had one child - Rachel E , and in 1864, he moved to Wayne County, Ind., where he spent the rest .of his life. He and his family were members of the Society of Friends. Our subject resided at home till his marriage, Sept. 23, 1852, with Julia Ann, daughter of Jesse and Mary (Johnson) Coate, who were natives of South Carolina. Mr. Miles lived on a farm in Marion County, Ohio, till his removal to Wayne County, Ind., in 1864, where he purchased his present farm in ISTew Garden Township. To Mr. Miles and wife have been born seven children, three still living - Elizabeth, Horace S. and Frances W. Anna, Mary, Martha S., Lydia and Leroy G. are deceased. Mr. Miles and family are members of the Society of Friends, and his wife is a minister in that society.

Joseph T. Mills was born in Warren County, Ohio, Dec. 18, 1813, a son of John and Prudence (Thomas) Mills, his father a native of South Carolina, of Irish descent, and his mother a native of North Carolina. His parents came North with their parents when children, and settled in Ohio, where they were married. In 1820 they removed to Wayne County,

Ind., and settled in the extreme northern part of the county, purchasing fifty acres ofland, but three of it cleared, with a small log cabin. They were members of the Society of Friends. The mother died Jan. 24, 1854, and the father in October, 1859. Of their seven children but two are living. Onr subject is the eldest of the family. He remained at home till manhood, and then went to learn the carpenter's trade, serving a year's apprenticeship. He then worked at his trade nine years, and with his earnings bought eighty acres ofland in Randolph, just over the line from Wayne County, where he lived till February, 1881, when he moved to Fountain City. He was married Dec. 1, 1840, to Lutitia Templeton, a native of Miami County, Ohio. Five children have been born to them - Caroline, Constantine, Lafayette, Lucretia and Emma. Mrs. Mills is a member of the Christian church. Mr. Mills is a member of Lodge iSTo. 223, A. F. & A. M., in Randolph County, Ind.

Henry Moorman was born in Richmond County, N. C, July 7, 1813, a son of Tarlton and Hannah (Way) Moorman, the former a native of North Carolina, and the latter of South Carolina. In 1816 Tarlton Moorman came to Indiana and purchased land in Randolph County, then an almost unbroken wilderness, and in 1822 moved with his family to it. Our subject's mother had died, and his father had married again. The second wife died July 12, 1865, and the father then lived with his children till his death, Dec. 30, 1875, at the age of nearly ninety-three years. On the death of his father, Tarlton Moorman received $150, and at his death he was worth about $40,000. Our subject was reared in Indiana. His schooling was limited to about three months in the year, and his education was mostly obtained by study in his leisure hours. When eighteen years of age he began to learn the carpenter's trade, at which he worked six years. March 17, 1836, he was married to Ann, daughter of William and Fanny (Crews) DIggs, who came from Anson County, N. C, to Randolph County, in 1822. After his marriage, Mr. Moorman settled on a tract of land he had entered from the Government. He cleared his land and made a good home, remaining there till 1869, when he bought one in New Gar- den Township, Wayne County, consisting of 118 acres of wellimproved land, with a good residence and farm buildings, where Mrs. Moorman died Feb. 18, 1872. March 31, 1884, he bought property in Fountain City, where, with his daughters, he now resides. Since coming to Wayne County he has sold the farm in Randolph County. Of the four children born to them but two, Rebecca and Caroline, are livino". The eldest died in infancy, and Susana, the second, died at the nge of two years and six months. Mr. Moorman and his family are members of the Society of Friends.

Linden Oshorn, wagon-maker. Fountain City, Ind., was born in New Garden Township, Wayne Co., Ind., in 1825. His father, Eli Osborn, was born in North Carolina, Nov. 29, 1802, a son of William and Anna (Macy) Osborn, and a grandson of Mathew and Hannah (Reynolds) Osborn, who were natives of England. He was married in 1825 to Edith Reynolds, and the same year emigrated to Indiana. Our subject's maternal great-great-grandfather, when small, in company with another boy about the same age, was enticed on a ship and brought to America, and here sold to pay their passage. His name was changed and he never knew his right name. He grew to manhood and bought three surveys of land near Philadelphia, and several lots in the city. He was lost at sea while en route for England. Linden Osborn was reared on a farm. He received his early education in the common school, and afterward attended a part of a session at Farmer's College, Ohio, and one session at Greenmount, near Richmond. In 1850 he went to Washington and Oregon Territories and spent some time gold-digging, returning home via Panama. Mr. Osborn is a birthright member of the Society of Friends. He is a member of the Good Templars and Sons of Temperance. He is politically a Republican. He was early taught that it was wrong for one man to hold another in servitude, and therefore was foremost in upholding the principles of the anti-slavery party. The greater part of Mr. Osborn's life has been spent at his trade in Fountain City. He has never married.

March 23, 1849. He was reared on a farm and educated at the common schools. He was married Oct. 12, 1871, to Martha, daughter of William D. Smith, of Wayne County, and to this union were born four children - Lola F., Ada, Willard and Smith M. After his marriage Mr. Parry engaged as Superintendent of the water department of the Grand Eapids and Indiana Eailroad, which position he yet holds. His wife died May 19, 1879, and April 14, 1880, he was married to Lydia J. Whitney, who died April 1, 1881. Mr. Parry moved to the place where he now resides in 1876. He is a member of Woodard Lodge, No. 212, 1. O. O. F., and is a Knight of Honor.

Elam Pike, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Stokes County, N. C, Feb. 5, 1827, a son of Nathan and Mary (Nubey) Pike, who were natives of North Carolina, of Irish origin. They were the parents of eight children, of whom five are deceased. Mrs. Pike died in 1830, and in the fall of 1831 Mr. Pike emigrated with his family to Wayne County, Ind., and a year later purchased the farm now owned by our subject. He was again married in 1832 or 1833 to Mary Baldwin, a native of North Carolina, who died in 1845. Nathan Pike resided on the farm till his death, in 1866. He was an active minister in the Society of Friends. Our subject was reared on the farm where he still resides, and received a limited education in the schools of New Garden Township. He was married Oct. 25, 1854, to Anna, daughter of Isaac and Tamar (Hawkins) Reynolds, who came to Wayne County from South Carolina among the early settlers. Of the six children born to this union four survive - Phojbe Ann, Lydia Ellen, Mary and Linley. Nathan and Wilson died in infancy. Mrs. Pike died Aug. 2, 1879. Mr. Pike and family belong to the Society of Friends.

Harman Pitts, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Guilford County, N. C, in 1823, a 'son of Samuel and Martha (Meredith) Pitts. Samuel Pitts was born in 1793, and in 1815 was married to Martha Meredith, a daughter of David and Polly (Farrington) Meredith. In 1830, with a family of six children, they emigrated to Wayne County, Ind., and settled in what is now New Garden Township, buying 100 acres of land, mostly unimproved. Six children were born to them in Wayne County. AH lived to be men and women, and tea of the family are still living. The father died in the eightieth year of his age, and his wife two years later, at about the same age. They were members of the Society of Friends, their children adhering to the same faith. Harman Pitts remained with his parents tillhis marriage, when he settled in Green Township, buying eighty acres of land. He has been prudent and industrious, and now owns 200 acres of the best land in Wayne County. He was married in 1846 to Kuth, daughter of Thomas and Christiana (Thomas) Knight. She died in 1878, leaving eight children - Oliver H., William, Beulah Ann, Thomas, Isaac and Benjamin (twins), George and Jennie. In 1880 Mr. Pitts married Mary, daughter of Davis Pegg, and widow of William Fulgher. Mr. and Mrs. Pitts are active members cf the Society of Friends.

Robert S. Preston was born June 14, 1795, in Centre County, Pa., a son of Abijah and Margaret (Warden) Preston, the former a native of New Jersey, of Scotch descent, and the latter a native of Scotland, where she resided till liL teen years of age. Our subject came with his parents to Harrison County, Ohio, when seven years of age, residing there till April 1, 1805, when they moved to Hamilton County, Ohio, where he was married March 9, 1815, to Rachel Roll, a native of New Jersey, who came to Ohio in 1804. They were the parents of ten children, of whom eight still survive. In 1837 Mr. Preston removed from Hamilton County, Ohio, to Union County, Ind., where he lived till 1853, when he sold his farm and removed to Dublin, Wayne Co., Ind., remaining there five years. He resided in Illinois two years, and in 1860 came to Fountain City, where he liassince resided, having retired from the active duties of farm life. After living together over sixty-six years his wife died June 8, 1881. He and his wife were active members of the Christian church for many years.

James T. Reece, farmer and stock-raiser, was born inHenrj County, Ind., Oct. 25, 1834, the youngest son of Needham and Celia (Townsend) Reece. When he was fourteen years of age he came with his father to Wayne County, assisting him on the farm till twenty-three years of age. May 27, 1858, he was married to Emily, daughter of Thomas and Ann (Haisley) Jessup, and settled on a farm adjoining his father's homestead, where he remained till 1872. He then bought the farm where he now resides. He owns 143 acres of well-improved land, all under cultivation, with a fine residence and comfortable farm buildings. Mr. and Mrs. Reece have had five children - ^Lindsey and Linnseus (twins, the former deceased), William A., Sarah J. and Emma. They are active members of the Society of Friends.

John Reece, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Heiir^ County, Ind., March 12, 1832, the eldest son of Needham and Celia (Townsend) Reece, natives of North Carolina. Needham Reece came with his father, John Reece, to AVayne County,, Ind., in 1810. They located first near the present site of Riciimond, then moved near Green's Fork, and a few years later, when Henry County was opened to white settlers, were among the first to settle in that county. His wife died in Henry County, Sept. 10, 1838. In 1849 he returned to Wayne County, where he died in 1883. John Reece came with his father to Wayne County in 1849. They settled on section 9, New Garden Township. He was married May 27, 1852, to Ann, daughter of Ezekiel and Mary (Mendenhall) Haisley. After his marriage he bought the farm where he still resides, on section 29, New Garden Township. He owns eighty acres of well-improved land. Mr. and Mrs. Reece have five children - Oliver H., William T., Mary Emma, Edwin and Elnora. They are members of the Society of Friends.

Charles C. Reynolds was born in Randolph County, InJ.., Sept. 4, 1856, a son of Milton and Nancy (Harris) Reynolds, and a grandson of Isaac Reynolds, an early pioneer of Wayne County. When he was two years old his parents moved to Kansas and remained three years. On the breaking out of the Rebellion they returned to Indiana and his father enlisted and served a year. In 1866 they moved to Darke County, Ohio, where his father bought a flouring mill. Two years later they moved to Plainfield, Ind., but remained there only a year and went to Farmington, Yan Buren Co., Iowa, where his father worked for what is now the B. & S. W. R. R. For a time Charles assisted his father and afterward was employed as bat>-o-age master three years. His father died in May^ 1875. Tlie following December his mother returned to Indiana, and in 1876 he followed her, and has since been engaged in farming and stock-raising. July 15, 1880, he was married to Mary E., daughter of Gideon F. and Mary J. (Coggshall) McCrakin. They have one son - Delmer M. Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds are members of the Society of Friends.

William D . Scarce^ hardware merchant, is a native of Fountain City, Ind., the eldest son of Charles M. and Emeline S. (Hunt) Scarce. His father was a carriage and wao-on maker by trade, but on the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion enlisted as a private. He was subsequently promoted to Lieutenant of a colored regiment. His health failino- he was discharged and returned home. After partially recovering he went with his family to Leavenworth, Kan., where he died. The widow with her three children then returned to Indiana, and for about a year lived in Richmond. They then moved to Fountain City, where she received the appointment as Postmistress. The family being in limited circumstances William was obliged to assist in the maintenance of the family. He worked in various ways till 1881 when he was employed as clerk for B. 0. Marine. \x\ 1882, with Levi Willcutts, he bought a stock of goods, and has since been successfully engaged in business for himself. In 1883 Mr. Willcutts sold his interest to Jesse Thomas, the firm name now being Scarce & Thomas. In 1882 Mr. Scarce was appointed Postmaster. He was married May 25, 1882, to Emma C, daughter of Jesse Tnomas. She died July 3, 1883, leaving one child - Emma C.

William H. Study ^d,"^ born in Green Township, Wayne Co., Ind., July 20, 1841, a son of Isaac and Catherine (Green) Study. He remained at home till the breaking out of the Rebellion, and was one of the first to enlist; was assigned to Cjmpany C, Eighth Indiana Infantry. He participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Magnolia Hill, Black Run Bridge, Yicksburg, Winchester, Strausburg and Cedar Creek, Va. In September, 1865, he was discharged and returned home. He was married Djc. 14, 1835, to Louisa, daughter of

Milton and Keziab (Johnson) Cranor. They have had five children - B. C, Clarence M., Lurena and Kizzie (deceased), and Hany P. In 1866 Mr. Study was appointed Deputy Sheriff, and was elected Sherift'in 1870, and re-elected in 1872, serving during the time of the troubles incident to the removal of the county seat. He subsequently removed to Indianapolis, returning to Wayne Connty in 1876, where he has been engaged in the mercantile business and in shipping grain. He is also extensively engaged in raising stock in Kansas. Politically he is a Republican. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

Benjamin Thomas, deceased, was born in Richmond County, ]^. C, Jan. 9, 1793, and was the youngest son of John and Molly (Clark) Thomas, the former a native of Maryland, of Welsh descent, and the latter born in Virginia. He was married Oct. 22, 1806, to Annie, daughter of Zachariah and Mary (Matthews) Moorman, she was born Feb. 26, 1788. To them were born twelve children, of whom six are living - George, Eli, Mary, Clarkey, Achsah and Annie. Those deceased are - Ruth, Nathan, Benjamin, Bettie, Gula and Hannah. In the spring of 1811 Mr. Thomas came to Wayne County, Ind., and settled in what is now New Garden Township, with his wife and two children, there being at that time only two families in the township. The Indians becoming troublesome, he moved his family to where Richmond now stands, and after remaining here about one year he and his brother Francis returned to their native home and brought their father's family to Wayne Township, where the father soon after died. Our subject was one of the leaders in organizing the Society of Friends in New Garden Township. He was also an active worker in the cause of temperance, and was one of the original members of the old Washingtonian Society. He died Aug. 22, 1851, his wife surviving him till Sept. 13,1861.

Peter Thomas^ farmer and stock-raiser, was born Feb. 27, 1837, in Franklin Township, Wajne Co., Ind., the third son of Charles and Nancy (Morman) Thomas, and a grandson of the late Stephen Thomas, a pioneer of this county. Our subject received a good common-school education, and resided at home till twenty-six years of age. When nine years of age he removed with his father's family to New Garden Township, Wayne County. He was married Jan. 6, 1863, to Princella E., daughter of Benjamin and Jemima Cox, wlio came from Randolph, N. C, about 1848. To them have been born six children - Ellsworth, Cynthia I., Olinda B., Lindsey, Cora E. and Benjamin. Mr. Thomas has a farm of 104 acres of highly cultivated land, where he has resided since his marriage. He and family are active members of the Society of Friends, and politically he is a Republican.